6. Mahāgovindasuttaṃ6. 大果文德经
6. Mahāgovindasuttaṃ6. 大果文德经
§293
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Atha kho pañcasikho gandhabbaputto abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇo kevalakappaṃ gijjhakūṭaṃ pabbataṃ obhāsetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho pañcasikho gandhabbaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yaṃ kho me, bhante, devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sammukhā sutaṃ sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ, ārocemi taṃ bhagavato’’ti. ‘‘Ārocehi me tvaṃ, pañcasikhā’’ti bhagavā avoca.
如是我闻——一时,世尊住在王舍城灵鹫山。那时,干达拔之子般遮西卡于夜已深时,以殊胜的光辉照亮整座灵鹫山后,来到世尊之处;到达后,礼敬世尊,站立于一旁。站立于一旁的干达拔之子般遮西卡对世尊如此说:「尊者,我在三十三天众面前所听闻、所领受的,我向世尊报告。」世尊说:「般遮西卡,你向我报告吧。」
Devasabhā天众会
§294
‘‘Purimāni, bhante, divasāni purimatarāni tadahuposathe pannarase pavāraṇāya puṇṇāya puṇṇamāya rattiyā kevalakappā ca devā tāvatiṃsā sudhammāyaṃ sabhāyaṃ sannisinnā honti sannipatitā; mahatī ca dibbaparisā samantato nisinnā honti, cattāro ca mahārājāno catuddisā nisinnā honti; puratthimāya disāya dhataraṭṭho mahārājā pacchimābhimukho nisinno hoti deve purakkhatvā; dakkhiṇāya disāya virūḷhako mahārājā uttarābhimukho nisinno hoti deve purakkhatvā; pacchimāya disāya virūpakkho mahārājā puratthābhimukho nisinno hoti deve purakkhatvā; uttarāya disāya vessavaṇo mahārājā dakkhiṇābhimukho nisinno hoti deve purakkhatvā. Yadā bhante, kevalakappā ca devā tāvatiṃsā sudhammāyaṃ sabhāyaṃ sannisinnā honti sannipatitā, mahatī ca dibbaparisā samantato nisinnā honti, cattāro ca mahārājāno catuddisā nisinnā honti, idaṃ nesaṃ hoti āsanasmiṃ; atha pacchā amhākaṃ āsanaṃ hoti.
「尊者,在过去的日子,在更早之前,在那伍波萨他日,十五日自恣时,于满月之夜,所有的三十三天众聚集、集会于善法堂;大天众围绕而坐;四大王天于四方而坐:东方持国大王面向西方而坐,以天众为前导;南方增长大王面向北方而坐,以天众为前导;西方广目大王面向东方而坐,以天众为前导;北方多闻大王面向南方而坐,以天众为前导。尊者,当所有的三十三天众聚集、集会于善法堂,大天众围绕而坐,四大王天于四方而坐时,这是他们的座位;然后才是我们的座位。
‘‘Ye te, bhante, devā bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ caritvā adhunūpapannā tāvatiṃsakāyaṃ, te aññe deve atirocanti vaṇṇena ceva yasasā ca. Tena sudaṃ, bhante, devā tāvatiṃsā attamanā honti pamuditā pītisomanassajātā; ‘dibbā vata, bho, kāyā paripūrenti, hāyanti asurakāyā’ti.
「尊者,那些天人在世尊座下修习梵行后,现今生于三十三天众中,他们以色与名声超越其他天人。尊者,因此三十三天众满意、欢喜、充满喜悦:『确实,诸位,天众增满,阿苏罗众减少!』
§295
‘‘Atha kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sampasādaṃ viditvā imāhi gāthāhi anumodi –
「尊者,那时,天帝萨咖知道三十三天众的净信后,以这些偈颂随喜——
‘Modanti vata bho devā, tāvatiṃsā sahindakā;
「『诸位,三十三天众确实欢喜,与因陀罗一起;
Tathāgataṃ namassantā, dhammassa ca sudhammataṃ.
「礼敬如来,以及法的善法性。
Nave deve ca passantā, vaṇṇavante yasassine;
「看见新天人,具色、具名声;
Sugatasmiṃ brahmacariyaṃ, caritvāna idhāgate.
「在善逝座下修习梵行后,来到此处。』
Te aññe atirocanti, vaṇṇena yasasāyunā;
他们以色、名声、寿命，超越其他诸天；
Sāvakā bhūripaññassa, visesūpagatā idha.
广慧者的声闻弟子们，在此已达殊胜。
Idaṃ disvāna nandanti, tāvatiṃsā sahindakā;
见此之后欢喜，三十三天与因陀罗一起；
Tathāgataṃ namassantā, dhammassa ca sudhammata’nti.
礼敬如来，以及法的善法性。
‘‘Tena sudaṃ , bhante, devā tāvatiṃsā bhiyyoso mattāya attamanā honti pamuditā pītisomanassajātā; ‘dibbā vata, bho, kāyā paripūrenti, hāyanti asurakāyā’’’ti.
「尊者，因此，三十三天更加欢喜、喜悦、充满喜悦与悦意：『诸天众确实增满，阿苏罗众减损。』」
Aṭṭha yathābhuccavaṇṇā八种如实赞
§296
‘‘Atha kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sampasādaṃ viditvā deve tāvatiṃse āmantesi – ‘iccheyyātha no tumhe, mārisā, tassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe sotu’nti? ‘Icchāma mayaṃ, mārisa, tassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe sotu’nti. Atha kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe payirudāhāsi – ‘taṃ kiṃ maññanti, bhonto devā tāvatiṃsā? Yāvañca so bhagavā bahujanahitāya paṭipanno bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Evaṃ bahujanahitāya paṭipannaṃ bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
「尊者，那时，天帝萨咖知道三十三天的净信后，对三十三天说：『诸位尊者，你们想听闻那位世尊的八种如实赞叹吗？』『尊者，我们想听闻那位世尊的八种如实赞叹。』尊者，那时，天帝萨咖对三十三天宣说世尊的八种如实赞叹：『尊敬的三十三天诸位，你们认为如何？那位世尊已为众人的利益而行，为众人的快乐，为世间的悲悯，为天人的义利、利益、快乐。如此为众人的利益而行，为众人的快乐，为世间的悲悯，为天人的义利、利益、快乐，具备此要素的导师，我们在过去世未曾见过，现在也没有，除了那位世尊。
‘‘Svākkhāto kho pana tena bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhi. Evaṃ opaneyyikassa dhammassa desetāraṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
「那位世尊善说法，自见的、无时的、来见的、能引导的、智者应各自证知的。如此说示能引导之法的，具备此要素的导师，我们在过去世未曾见过，现在也没有，除了那位世尊。
‘‘Idaṃ kusalanti kho pana tena bhagavatā supaññattaṃ, idaṃ akusalanti supaññattaṃ. Idaṃ sāvajjaṃ idaṃ anavajjaṃ, idaṃ sevitabbaṃ idaṃ na sevitabbaṃ, idaṃ hīnaṃ idaṃ paṇītaṃ, idaṃ kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāganti supaññattaṃ. Evaṃ kusalākusalasāvajjānavajjasevitabbāsevitabbahīna-paṇītakaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgānaṃ dhammānaṃ paññapetāraṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
「那位世尊善施设：「此是善」，善施设「此是不善」。「此是有罪的，此是无罪的，此应亲近，此不应亲近，此是低劣的，此是高尚的」，善施设「此是黑白相对的」。如此施设善不善、有罪无罪、应亲近不应亲近、低劣高尚、黑白相对诸法的，具备此要素的导师，我们在过去世未曾见过,现在也没有，除了那位世尊。
‘‘Supaññattā kho pana tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṃ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā, saṃsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca. Seyyathāpi nāma gaṅgodakaṃ yamunodakena saṃsandati sameti, evameva supaññattā tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṃ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā, saṃsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca. Evaṃ nibbānagāminiyā paṭipadāya paññapetāraṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
「然而,彼世尊为诸弟子善说导向涅槃之道,涅槃与道相合。犹如恒河之水与亚穆那河之水相合、会合,如是彼世尊为诸弟子善说导向涅槃之道,涅槃与道相合。如此宣说导向涅槃之道、具足此支分之导师,我们在过去世未曾见,现在亦不见,除了彼世尊。」
‘‘Abhinipphanno kho pana tassa bhagavato lābho abhinipphanno siloko, yāva maññe khattiyā sampiyāyamānarūpā viharanti, vigatamado kho pana so bhagavā āhāraṃ āhāreti. Evaṃ vigatamadaṃ āhāraṃ āharayamānaṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
「然而,彼世尊已成就利养、已成就名声,乃至我想刹帝利们以亲爱之态而住,然而彼世尊无慢地食用食物。如此无慢地食用食物、具足此支分之导师,我们在过去世未曾见,现在亦不见,除了彼世尊。」
‘‘Laddhasahāyo kho pana so bhagavā sekhānañceva paṭipannānaṃ khīṇāsavānañca vusitavataṃ. Te bhagavā apanujja ekārāmataṃ anuyutto viharati. Evaṃ ekārāmataṃ anuyuttaṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
「然而,彼世尊已得伴侣,即有学之行道者与诸漏已尽之梵行已立者。彼世尊遣退他们,专注于独处之乐而住。如此专注于独处之乐、具足此支分之导师,我们在过去世未曾见,现在亦不见,除了彼世尊。」
‘‘Yathāvādī kho pana so bhagavā tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī, iti yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Evaṃ dhammānudhammappaṭipannaṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
「然而,彼世尊如所说而行,如所行而说,如此如所说而行,如所行而说。如此随法而行、具足此支分之导师,我们在过去世未曾见,现在亦不见,除了彼世尊。」
‘‘Tiṇṇavicikiccho kho pana so bhagavā vigatakathaṃkatho pariyositasaṅkappo ajjhāsayaṃ ādibrahmacariyaṃ. Evaṃ tiṇṇavicikicchaṃ vigatakathaṃkathaṃ pariyositasaṅkappaṃ ajjhāsayaṃ ādibrahmacariyaṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā’ti.
「然而,彼世尊已度疑惑、离犹豫、完成志愿、意向于最初之梵行。如此已度疑惑、离犹豫、完成志愿、意向于最初之梵行、具足此支分之导师,我们在过去世未曾见,现在亦不见,除了彼世尊。」
§297
‘‘Ime kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe payirudāhāsi. Tena sudaṃ, bhante, devā tāvatiṃsā bhiyyoso mattāya attamanā honti pamuditā pītisomanassajātā bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe sutvā. Tatra, bhante, ekacce devā evamāhaṃsu – ‘aho vata, mārisā, cattāro sammāsambuddhā loke uppajjeyyuṃ dhammañca deseyyuṃ yathariva bhagavā. Tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussāna’nti. Ekacce devā evamāhaṃsu – ‘tiṭṭhantu, mārisā, cattāro sammāsambuddhā, aho vata, mārisā, tayo sammāsambuddhā loke uppajjeyyuṃ dhammañca deseyyuṃ yathariva bhagavā. Tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussāna’nti. Ekacce devā evamāhaṃsu – ‘tiṭṭhantu, mārisā, tayo sammāsambuddhā, aho vata, mārisā, dve sammāsambuddhā loke uppajjeyyuṃ dhammañca deseyyuṃ yathariva bhagavā. Tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussāna’nti.
「尊者,萨咖天帝在三十三天众中宣说世尊之八种如实赞叹。尊者,听闻世尊之八种如实赞叹后,三十三天众更加欢喜、喜悦、生起喜与悦意。尊者,于彼处,某些天人如此说:『啊,实在,诸贤,愿四位正等正觉者出现于世间并说法,如同世尊一样。那将为众人之利益、众人之安乐、悲悯世间、为天人之义利、利益与安乐。』某些天人如此说:『诸贤,且不说四位正等正觉者,啊,实在,诸贤,愿三位正等正觉者出现于世间并说法,如同世尊一样。那将为众人之利益、众人之安乐、悲悯世间、为天人之义利、利益与安乐。』某些天人如此说:『诸贤,且不说三位正等正觉者,啊,实在,诸贤,愿二位正等正觉者出现于世间并说法,如同世尊一样。那将为众人之利益、众人之安乐、悲悯世间、为天人之义利、利益与安乐。』
§298
‘‘Evaṃ vutte , bhante, sakko devānamindo deve tāvatiṃse etadavoca – ‘aṭṭhānaṃ kho etaṃ, mārisā, anavakāso, yaṃ ekissā lokadhātuyā dve arahanto sammāsambuddhā apubbaṃ acarimaṃ uppajjeyyuṃ, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Aho vata, mārisā, so bhagavā appābādho appātaṅko ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ tiṭṭheyya. Tadassa bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussāna’nti. Atha kho, bhante, yenatthena devā tāvatiṃsā sudhammāyaṃ sabhāyaṃ sannisinnā honti sannipatitā, taṃ atthaṃ cintayitvā taṃ atthaṃ mantayitvā vuttavacanāpi taṃ cattāro mahārājāno tasmiṃ atthe honti. Paccānusiṭṭhavacanāpi taṃ cattāro mahārājāno tasmiṃ atthe honti, sakesu sakesu āsanesu ṭhitā avipakkantā.
「尊者,如是说时,萨咖天帝对三十三天众如此说:『诸贤,此事须跋、无机会,即在一个世界界中,二位阿拉汉正等正觉者非前非后出现,此处须跋。啊,实在,诸贤,愿彼世尊少病、少恼、长久住世。那将为众人之利益、众人之安乐、悲悯世间、为天人之义利、利益与安乐。』尊者,然后,三十三天众为何事而坐集于善法堂,思惟彼事、商议彼事后,四大王天对彼事亦受教言。四大王天对彼事亦受随教言,各自站立于自己之座位,未曾离去。」
Te vuttavākyā rājāno, paṭiggayhānusāsaniṃ;
「彼等已受教言之诸王,接受教诫;」
Vippasannamanā santā, aṭṭhaṃsu samhi āsaneti.
心清净、寂静,他们各自坐在座位上。
§299
‘‘Atha kho, bhante, uttarāya disāya uḷāro āloko sañjāyi, obhāso pāturahosi atikkammeva devānaṃ devānubhāvaṃ. Atha kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo deve tāvatiṃse āmantesi – ‘yathā kho, mārisā, nimittāni dissanti, uḷāro āloko sañjāyati, obhāso pātubhavati , brahmā pātubhavissati; brahmuno hetaṃ pubbanimittaṃ pātubhāvāya, yadidaṃ āloko sañjāyati obhāso pātubhavatīti.
「尊者,那时,在北方出现殊胜的光明,光辉显现,超越了诸天的天威力。尊者,那时,萨咖天帝召唤三十三天众:『诸位贤友,如所见的征兆,殊胜的光明出现,光辉显现,梵天将出现;这是梵天出现的前兆,即光明出现、光辉显现。』
‘Yathā nimittā dissanti, brahmā pātubhavissati;
『如所见的征兆,梵天将出现;
Brahmuno hetaṃ nimittaṃ, obhāso vipulo mahā’ti.
这是梵天的征兆,广大殊胜的光辉。』
Sanaṅkumārakathā萨囊咖玛拉论
§300
‘‘Atha kho, bhante, devā tāvatiṃsā yathāsakesu āsanesu nisīdiṃsu – ‘obhāsametaṃ ñassāma, yaṃvipāko bhavissati, sacchikatvāva naṃ gamissāmā’ti. Cattāropi mahārājāno yathāsakesu āsanesu nisīdiṃsu – ‘obhāsametaṃ ñassāma, yaṃvipāko bhavissati, sacchikatvāva naṃ gamissāmā’ti. Idaṃ sutvā devā tāvatiṃsā ekaggā samāpajjiṃsu – ‘obhāsametaṃ ñassāma, yaṃvipāko bhavissati, sacchikatvāva naṃ gamissāmā’ti.
「尊者,那时,三十三天众各自坐在自己的座位上:『我们将了知这光辉,将是什么果报,亲自证知后我们将前往。』四大天王也各自坐在自己的座位上:『我们将了知这光辉,将是什么果报,亲自证知后我们将前往。』听到这些,三十三天众达到一心:『我们将了知这光辉,将是什么果报,亲自证知后我们将前往。』
‘‘Yadā, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ pātubhavati, oḷārikaṃ attabhāvaṃ abhinimminitvā pātubhavati. Yo kho pana, bhante, brahmuno pakativaṇṇo, anabhisambhavanīyo so devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ cakkhupathasmiṃ. Yadā, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ pātubhavati, so aññe deve atirocati vaṇṇena ceva yasasā ca. Seyyathāpi, bhante, sovaṇṇo viggaho mānusaṃ viggahaṃ atirocati, evameva kho, bhante, yadā brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ pātubhavati, so aññe deve atirocati vaṇṇena ceva yasasā ca. Yadā, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ pātubhavati, na tassaṃ parisāyaṃ koci devo abhivādeti vā paccuṭṭheti vā āsanena vā nimanteti. Sabbeva tuṇhībhūtā pañjalikā pallaṅkena nisīdanti – ‘yassadāni devassa pallaṅkaṃ icchissati brahmā sanaṅkumāro, tassa devassa pallaṅke nisīdissatī’ti. Yassa kho pana, bhante, devassa brahmā sanaṅkumāro pallaṅke nisīdati, uḷāraṃ so labhati devo vedapaṭilābhaṃ, uḷāraṃ so labhati devo somanassapaṭilābhaṃ . Seyyathāpi, bhante, rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto adhunābhisitto rajjena, evameva kho, bhante, yassa devassa brahmā sanaṅkumāro pallaṅke nisīdati, uḷāraṃ so labhati devo vedapaṭilābhaṃ, uḷāraṃ so labhati devo somanassapaṭilābhaṃ. Atha, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ sampasādaṃ viditvā antarahito imāhi gāthāhi anumodi –
「尊者,当梵天沙南咖玛拉向三十三天众出现时,化作粗显的身体后出现。尊者,梵天的自然色相,对三十三天众的眼界来说是须跋见到的。尊者,当梵天沙南咖玛拉向三十三天众出现时,他以色相和名声超越其他诸天。尊者,譬如金像超越人像,同样地,尊者,当梵天沙南咖玛拉向三十三天众出现时,他以色相和名声超越其他诸天。尊者,当梵天沙南咖玛拉向三十三天众出现时,在那个集会中,没有任何天人向他礼敬、起立或以座位邀请。所有天人都保持沉默、合掌、结跏趺坐:『现在梵天沙南咖玛拉想要哪位天人的座位,就将坐在那位天人的座位上。』尊者,梵天沙南咖玛拉坐在哪位天人的座位上,那位天人就获得殊胜的喜悦,那位天人就获得殊胜的欢喜。尊者,譬如刹帝利灌顶王刚受王位灌顶,同样地,尊者,梵天沙南咖玛拉坐在哪位天人的座位上,那位天人就获得殊胜的喜悦,那位天人就获得殊胜的欢喜。尊者,那时,梵天沙南咖玛拉了知三十三天众的净信后,隐没,以这些偈颂随喜:
‘Modanti vata bho devā, tāvatiṃsā sahindakā;
『诸天确实欢喜,三十三天众与萨咖一起;
Tathāgataṃ namassantā, dhammassa ca sudhammataṃ.
礼敬如来,以及法的善法性。』
‘Nave deve ca passantā, vaṇṇavante yasassine;
「看见新的诸天，具色、具名声，
Sugatasmiṃ brahmacariyaṃ, caritvāna idhāgate.
在善逝处修梵行后，来到此处。
‘Te aññe atirocanti, vaṇṇena yasasāyunā;
「他们以色、名声、寿命，超越其他诸天，
Sāvakā bhūripaññassa, visesūpagatā idha.
广慧者的诸弟子，在此处已达殊胜。
‘Idaṃ disvāna nandanti, tāvatiṃsā sahindakā;
「见此后，三十三天与因陀罗一起欢喜，
Tathāgataṃ namassantā, dhammassa ca sudhammata’nti.
礼敬如来，以及法的善法性。」
§301
‘‘Imamatthaṃ, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro abhāsittha. Imamatthaṃ, bhante , brahmuno sanaṅkumārassa bhāsato aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato saro hoti vissaṭṭho ca viññeyyo ca mañju ca savanīyo ca bindu ca avisārī ca gambhīro ca ninnādī ca. Yathāparisaṃ kho pana, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro sarena viññāpeti, na cassa bahiddhā parisāya ghoso niccharati. Yassa kho pana, bhante, evaṃ aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgato saro hoti, so vuccati ‘brahmassaro’ti. Atha kho, bhante, devā tāvatiṃsā brahmānaṃ sanaṅkumāraṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘sādhu, mahābrahme, etadeva mayaṃ saṅkhāya modāma; atthi ca sakkena devānamindena tassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhuccā vaṇṇā bhāsitā; te ca mayaṃ saṅkhāya modāmā’ti.
「尊者，梵天沙那库玛拉说了此义。尊者，当梵天沙那库玛拉说此义时，其声音具足八支——清晰、可了知、悦耳、可听、圆润、不散乱、深沉、有回响。尊者，梵天沙那库玛拉以声音使会众了知，但其声音不传出会众之外。尊者，凡具足如此八支声音者，被称为『梵音』。尊者，那时，三十三天对梵天沙那库玛拉说此——『善哉，大梵天，我们仅因此而欢喜；而且萨咖天帝已说了世尊的八种如实赞叹；我们也因此而欢喜。』
Aṭṭha yathābhuccavaṇṇā八种如实赞
§302
‘‘Atha , bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca – ‘sādhu, devānaminda, mayampi tassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe suṇeyyāmā’ti. ‘Evaṃ mahābrahme’ti kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo brahmuno sanaṅkumārassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe payirudāhāsi.
「尊者，那时，梵天沙那库玛拉对萨咖天帝说此——『善哉，天帝，我们也愿听闻世尊的八种如实赞叹。』尊者，萨咖天帝对梵天沙那库玛拉说『是的，大梵天』后，宣说了世尊的八种如实赞叹。
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññati, bhavaṃ mahābrahmā? Yāvañca so bhagavā bahujanahitāya paṭipanno bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Evaṃ bahujanahitāya paṭipannaṃ bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
「尊者大梵天认为如何?只要那位世尊为了众人的利益而行,为了众人的快乐,为了世间的悲悯,为了天人的利益、利益与快乐。如此为了众人的利益而行,为了众人的快乐,为了世间的悲悯,为了天人的利益、利益与快乐,具备此特质的导师,我们在过去既未见过,现在也未见,除了那位世尊。」
‘‘Svākkhāto kho pana tena bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhi. Evaṃ opaneyyikassa dhammassa desetāraṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
「那位世尊所善说的法是自见的、无时的、来见的、可引导的、智者应各自了知的。如此说示可引导之法的、具备此特质的导师,我们在过去既未见过,现在也未见,除了那位世尊。」
‘‘Idaṃ kusala’nti kho pana tena bhagavatā supaññattaṃ, ‘idaṃ akusala’nti supaññattaṃ, ‘idaṃ sāvajjaṃ idaṃ anavajjaṃ, idaṃ sevitabbaṃ idaṃ na sevitabbaṃ, idaṃ hīnaṃ idaṃ paṇītaṃ, idaṃ kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāga’nti supaññattaṃ. Evaṃ kusalākusalasāvajjānavajjasevitabbāsevitabbahīnapaṇītakaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāgānaṃ dhammānaṃ paññāpetāraṃ. Imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
「那位世尊善施设了『此是善』,善施设了『此是不善』,善施设了『此是有罪的、此是无罪的,此应亲近、此不应亲近,此是低劣的、此是殊胜的,此是黑白相对的』。如此施设善、不善、有罪、无罪、应亲近、不应亲近、低劣、殊胜、黑白相对诸法的、具备此特质的导师,我们在过去既未见过,现在也未见,除了那位世尊。」
‘‘Supaññattā kho pana tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṃ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā saṃsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca. Seyyathāpi nāma gaṅgodakaṃ yamunodakena saṃsandati sameti, evameva supaññattā tena bhagavatā sāvakānaṃ nibbānagāminī paṭipadā saṃsandati nibbānañca paṭipadā ca. Evaṃ nibbānagāminiyā paṭipadāya paññāpetāraṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
「那位世尊为弟子们善施设了导向涅槃之道,涅槃与道相合。犹如恒河之水与亚穆那河之水相合、会合,同样地,那位世尊为弟子们善施设了导向涅槃之道,涅槃与道相合。如此施设导向涅槃之道的、具备此特质的导师,我们在过去既未见过,现在也未见,除了那位世尊。」
‘‘Abhinipphanno kho pana tassa bhagavato lābho abhinipphanno siloko, yāva maññe khattiyā sampiyāyamānarūpā viharanti. Vigatamado kho pana so bhagavā āhāraṃ āhāreti. Evaṃ vigatamadaṃ āhāraṃ āharayamānaṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
「那位世尊已获得利养,已获得名声,乃至刹帝利们以亲爱之态而住。然而那位世尊离慢而食用食物。如此离慢而食用食物的、具备此特质的导师,我们在过去既未见过,现在也未见,除了那位世尊。」
‘‘Laddhasahāyo kho pana so bhagavā sekhānañceva paṭipannānaṃ khīṇāsavānañca vusitavataṃ, te bhagavā apanujja ekārāmataṃ anuyutto viharati. Evaṃ ekārāmataṃ anuyuttaṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
「那位世尊已得伴侣,即有学的行道者们与漏尽的已作所作者们,世尊舍弃他们而专注于独住之乐而住。如此专注于独住之乐的、具备此特质的导师,我们在过去既未见过,现在也未见,除了那位世尊。」
‘‘Yathāvādī kho pana so bhagavā tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī; iti yathāvādī tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī. Evaṃ dhammānudhammappaṭippannaṃ imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā.
「那位世尊如其所说而行,如其所行而说;如此,如其所说而行,如其所行而说。如此随法而行的、具备此特质的导师,我们在过去既未见过,现在也未见,除了那位世尊。」
‘‘Tiṇṇavicikiccho kho pana so bhagavā vigatakathaṃkatho pariyositasaṅkappo ajjhāsayaṃ ādibrahmacariyaṃ . Evaṃ tiṇṇavicikicchaṃ vigatakathaṃkathaṃ pariyositasaṅkappaṃ ajjhāsayaṃ ādibrahmacariyaṃ. Imināpaṅgena samannāgataṃ satthāraṃ neva atītaṃse samanupassāma, na panetarahi, aññatra tena bhagavatā’ti.
「那位世尊已度疑,已离犹豫,已完成志向,已达意向,已至根本梵行。如此已度疑、已离犹豫、已完成志向、已达意向、已至根本梵行的、具备此特质的导师,我们在过去既未见过,现在也未见,除了那位世尊。」
§303
‘‘Ime kho, bhante, sakko devānamindo brahmuno sanaṅkumārassa bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe payirudāhāsi. Tena sudaṃ, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro attamano hoti pamudito pītisomanassajāto bhagavato aṭṭha yathābhucce vaṇṇe sutvā. Atha, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro oḷārikaṃ attabhāvaṃ abhinimminitvā kumāravaṇṇī hutvā pañcasikho devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ pāturahosi . So vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā ākāse antalikkhe pallaṅkena nisīdi. Seyyathāpi, bhante, balavā puriso supaccatthate vā pallaṅke same vā bhūmibhāge pallaṅkena nisīdeyya, evameva kho, bhante, brahmā sanaṅkumāro vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā ākāse antalikkhe pallaṅkena nisīditvā deve tāvatiṃse āmantesi –
「尊者,萨咖天帝对梵天沙那咖玛拉世尊宣说了这八种如实的赞叹。尊者,听闻了世尊的八种如实赞叹后,梵天沙那咖玛拉欢喜、欣悦、生起喜悦与心悦。尊者,然后梵天沙那咖玛拉化作粗显的身体,成为童子形,以般吉咖天子的形态出现在三十三天众之前。他升上虚空,在空中以结跏趺坐而坐。尊者,犹如有力之人在善铺设的床座上或平坦的地面上以结跏趺坐而坐,同样地,尊者,梵天沙那咖玛拉升上虚空,在空中以结跏趺坐而坐后,对三十三天众说——」
Govindabrāhmaṇavatthu果文德婆罗门事
§304
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññanti, bhonto devā tāvatiṃsā, yāva dīgharattaṃ mahāpaññova so bhagavā ahosi. Bhūtapubbaṃ, bho, rājā disampati nāma ahosi. Disampatissa rañño govindo nāma brāhmaṇo purohito ahosi. Disampatissa rañño reṇu nāma kumāro putto ahosi. Govindassa brāhmaṇassa jotipālo nāma māṇavo putto ahosi. Iti reṇu ca rājaputto jotipālo ca māṇavo aññe ca cha khattiyā iccete aṭṭha sahāyā ahesuṃ. Atha kho, bho, ahorattānaṃ accayena govindo brāhmaṇo kālamakāsi. Govinde brāhmaṇe kālaṅkate rājā disampati paridevesi – ‘‘yasmiṃ vata, bho, mayaṃ samaye govinde brāhmaṇe sabbakiccāni sammā vossajjitvā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitā samaṅgībhūtā paricārema, tasmiṃ no samaye govindo brāhmaṇo kālaṅkato’’ti. Evaṃ vutte bho reṇu rājaputto rājānaṃ disampatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā kho tvaṃ, deva, govinde brāhmaṇe kālaṅkate atibāḷhaṃ paridevesi. Atthi, deva, govindassa brāhmaṇassa jotipālo nāma māṇavo putto paṇḍitataro ceva pitarā, alamatthadasataro ceva pitarā; yepissa pitā atthe anusāsi, tepi jotipālasseva māṇavassa anusāsaniyā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ kumārā’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ devā’’ti.
「诸位三十三天尊者们认为如何?那位世尊长久以来就是大慧者。尊者们,过去有一位名叫地散巴帝的国王。地散巴帝王有一位名叫果文达的婆罗门国师。地散巴帝王有一位名叫雷奴的王子。果文达婆罗门有一位名叫揪帝巴喇的学童儿子。如此,雷奴王子、揪帝巴喇学童以及其他六位刹帝利,这八人成为朋友。尊者们,然后,随着日夜的过去,果文达婆罗门死了。果文达婆罗门死后,地散巴帝王悲泣道:『尊者们,当我们将一切事务完全托付给果文达婆罗门,自己具足、具备五种欲功德而享用时,在那时候,果文达婆罗门死了。』如是说时,尊者,雷奴王子对地散巴帝王如此说道:『天王,果文达婆罗门死后,您不要过度悲泣。天王,果文达婆罗门有一位名叫揪帝巴喇的学童儿子,比父亲更有智慧,比父亲更能见义理;他父亲所教导的义理,也应由揪帝巴喇学童来教导。』『王子,是这样吗?』『天王,是这样。』」
Mahāgovindavatthu大果文德事
§305
‘‘Atha kho, bho, rājā disampati aññataraṃ purisaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, ambho purisa, yena jotipālo nāma māṇavo tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā jotipālaṃ māṇavaṃ evaṃ vadehi – ‘bhavamatthu bhavantaṃ jotipālaṃ, rājā disampati bhavantaṃ jotipālaṃ māṇavaṃ āmantayati, rājā disampati bhoto jotipālassa māṇavassa dassanakāmo’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, devā’’ti kho, bho, so puriso disampatissa rañño paṭissutvā yena jotipālo māṇavo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā jotipālaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘bhavamatthu bhavantaṃ jotipālaṃ, rājā disampati bhavantaṃ jotipālaṃ māṇavaṃ āmantayati , rājā disampati bhoto jotipālassa māṇavassa dassanakāmo’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho bho jotipālo māṇavo tassa purisassa paṭissutvā yena rājā disampati tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā disampatinā raññā saddhiṃ sammodi; sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho, bho, jotipālaṃ māṇavaṃ rājā disampati etadavoca – ‘‘anusāsatu no bhavaṃ jotipālo, mā no bhavaṃ jotipālo anusāsaniyā paccabyāhāsi. Pettike taṃ ṭhāne ṭhapessāmi, govindiye abhisiñcissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho, bho, so jotipālo māṇavo disampatissa rañño paccassosi. Atha kho, bho, rājā disampati jotipālaṃ māṇavaṃ govindiye abhisiñci, taṃ pettike ṭhāne ṭhapesi. Abhisitto jotipālo māṇavo govindiye pettike ṭhāne ṭhapito yepissa pitā atthe anusāsi tepi atthe anusāsati, yepissa pitā atthe nānusāsi, tepi atthe anusāsati; yepissa pitā kammante abhisambhosi, tepi kammante abhisambhoti, yepissa pitā kammante nābhisambhosi, tepi kammante abhisambhoti. Tamenaṃ manussā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘govindo vata, bho, brāhmaṇo, mahāgovindo vata, bho, brāhmaṇo’’ti. Iminā kho evaṃ, bho, pariyāyena jotipālassa māṇavassa govindo mahāgovindotveva samaññā udapādi.
「尊者们,然后地散巴帝王对某人说道:『来,你这人,去见名叫揪帝巴喇的学童;见到后,对揪帝巴喇学童如此说:「愿尊者揪帝巴喇安乐,地散巴帝王召唤尊者揪帝巴喇学童,地散巴帝王想见尊者揪帝巴喇学童。」』尊者们,那人应诺地散巴帝王『是的,天王』后,去见揪帝巴喇学童;见到后,对揪帝巴喇学童如此说道:『愿尊者揪帝巴喇安乐,地散巴帝王召唤尊者揪帝巴喇学童,地散巴帝王想见尊者揪帝巴喇学童。』尊者,揪帝巴喇学童应诺那人『是的,尊者』后,去见地散巴帝王;见到后,与地散巴帝王互相问候;交换了值得欢迎、值得忆念的话语后,在一旁坐下。尊者们,地散巴帝王对坐在一旁的揪帝巴喇学童如此说道:『愿尊者揪帝巴喇教导我们,愿尊者揪帝巴喇不要拒绝教导我们。我将让您住于父亲的位置,将以果文达之位灌顶您。』尊者,揪帝巴喇学童应诺地散巴帝王『是的,尊者』。尊者们,然后地散巴帝王以果文达之位灌顶揪帝巴喇学童,让他住于父亲的位置。以果文达之位受灌顶、住于父亲位置的揪帝巴喇学童,教导他父亲所教导的义理,也教导他父亲所未教导的义理;完成他父亲所完成的事务,也完成他父亲所未完成的事务。人们如此说他:『果文达婆罗门啊,尊者,大果文达婆罗门啊,尊者。』尊者们,以此方式,揪帝巴喇学童获得了果文达、大果文达的名称。」
Rajjasaṃvibhajanaṃ国土分配
§306
‘‘Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te cha khattiyā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te cha khattiye etadavoca – ‘‘disampati kho, bho, rājā jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto, ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitaṃ? Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ disampatimhi raññe kālaṅkate rājakattāro reṇuṃ rājaputtaṃ rajje abhisiñceyyuṃ. Āyantu, bhonto, yena reṇu rājaputto tenupasaṅkamatha; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṃ rājaputtaṃ evaṃ vadetha – ‘‘mayaṃ kho bhoto reṇussa sahāyā piyā manāpā appaṭikūlā, yaṃsukho bhavaṃ taṃsukhā mayaṃ, yaṃdukkho bhavaṃ taṃdukkhā mayaṃ. Disampati kho, bho, rājā jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto, ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitaṃ? Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ disampatimhi raññe kālaṅkate rājakattāro bhavantaṃ reṇuṃ rajje abhisiñceyyuṃ. Sace bhavaṃ reṇu rajjaṃ labhetha, saṃvibhajetha no rajjenā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ bho’’ti kho, bho, te cha khattiyā mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa paṭissutvā yena reṇu rājaputto tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṃ rājaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘mayaṃ kho bhoto reṇussa sahāyā piyā manāpā appaṭikūlā ; yaṃsukho bhavaṃ taṃsukhā mayaṃ, yaṃdukkho bhavaṃ taṃdukkhā mayaṃ. Disampati kho, bho, rājā jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto, ko nu kho pana bho jānāti jīvitaṃ? Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ disampatimhi raññe kālaṅkate rājakattāro bhavantaṃ reṇuṃ rajje abhisiñceyyuṃ. Sace bhavaṃ reṇu rajjaṃ labhetha, saṃvibhajetha no rajjenā’’ti. ‘‘Ko nu kho, bho, añño mama vijite sukho bhavetha , aññatra bhavantebhi? Sacāhaṃ, bho, rajjaṃ labhissāmi, saṃvibhajissāmi vo rajjenā’’’ti.
「尊者们,然后大果文达婆罗门去见那六位刹帝利;见到后,对那六位刹帝利如此说道:『尊者们,地散巴帝王已老、已衰、年迈、到达老年、已达高龄,尊者们,谁知道生命呢?尊者们,这是可能的:地散巴帝王死后,造王者们会以王位灌顶雷奴王子。尊者们,请来,去见雷奴王子;见到后,对雷奴王子如此说:「我们是尊者雷奴的朋友,是可爱的、可意的、不违逆的,尊者快乐时我们快乐,尊者痛苦时我们痛苦。尊者,地散巴帝王已老、已衰、年迈、到达老年、已达高龄,尊者,谁知道生命呢?尊者,这是可能的:地散巴帝王死后,造王者们会以王位灌顶尊者雷奴。如果尊者雷奴获得王位,请与我们分享王位。」』尊者,那六位刹帝利应诺大果文达婆罗门『是的,尊者』后,去见雷奴王子;见到后,对雷奴王子如此说道:『我们是尊者雷奴的朋友,是可爱的、可意的、不违逆的;尊者快乐时我们快乐,尊者痛苦时我们痛苦。尊者,地散巴帝王已老、已衰、年迈、到达老年、已达高龄,尊者,谁知道生命呢?尊者,这是可能的:地散巴帝王死后,造王者们会以王位灌顶尊者雷奴。如果尊者雷奴获得王位,请与我们分享王位。』『尊者们,除了你们之外,在我的领土中谁会是快乐的呢?尊者们,如果我获得王位,我将与你们分享王位。』」
§307
‘‘Atha kho, bho, ahorattānaṃ accayena rājā disampati kālamakāsi. Disampatimhi raññe kālaṅkate rājakattāro reṇuṃ rājaputtaṃ rajje abhisiñciṃsu. Abhisitto reṇu rajjena pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti. Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te cha khattiyā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te cha khattiye etadavoca – ‘‘disampati kho, bho, rājā kālaṅkato. Abhisitto reṇu rajjena pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti. Ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti, madanīyā kāmā? Āyantu, bhonto, yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkamatha; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṃ rājānaṃ evaṃ vadetha – disampati kho, bho, rājā kālaṅkato, abhisitto bhavaṃ reṇu rajjena, sarati bhavaṃ taṃ vacana’’’nti?
「尊者们,然后,随着日夜的过去,地散巴帝王死了。地散巴帝王死后,造王者们以王位灌顶雷奴王子。受灌顶获得王位的雷奴,具足、具备五种欲功德而享用。尊者们,然后大果文达婆罗门去见那六位刹帝利;见到后,对那六位刹帝利如此说道:『尊者们,地散巴帝王已死。雷奴受灌顶获得王位,具足、具备五种欲功德而享用。尊者们,谁知道诸欲的醉人性呢?尊者们,请来,去见雷奴王;见到后,对雷奴王如此说:「尊者,地散巴帝王已死,尊者雷奴受灌顶获得王位,尊者记得那个承诺吗?」』」
§308
‘‘‘Evaṃ , bho’’ti kho, bho, te cha khattiyā mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa paṭissutvā yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṃ rājānaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘disampati kho, bho, rājā kālaṅkato, abhisitto bhavaṃ reṇu rajjena, sarati bhavaṃ taṃ vacana’’nti? ‘‘Sarāmahaṃ, bho, taṃ vacanaṃ . Ko nu kho, bho, pahoti imaṃ mahāpathaviṃ uttarena āyataṃ dakkhiṇena sakaṭamukhaṃ sattadhā samaṃ suvibhattaṃ vibhajitu’’nti? ‘‘Ko nu kho, bho, añño pahoti, aññatra mahāgovindena brāhmaṇenā’’ti? Atha kho, bho, reṇu rājā aññataraṃ purisaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, ambho purisa, yena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ evaṃ vadehi – ‘rājā taṃ, bhante, reṇu āmantetī’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ devā’’ti kho, bho, so puriso reṇussa rañño paṭissutvā yena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘rājā taṃ, bhante, reṇu āmantetī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tassa purisassa paṭissutvā yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā reṇunā raññā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho, bho, mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ reṇu rājā etadavoca – ‘‘etu, bhavaṃ govindo, imaṃ mahāpathaviṃ uttarena āyataṃ dakkhiṇena sakaṭamukhaṃ sattadhā samaṃ suvibhattaṃ vibhajatū’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo reṇussa rañño paṭissutvā imaṃ mahāpathaviṃ uttarena āyataṃ dakkhiṇena sakaṭamukhaṃ sattadhā samaṃ suvibhattaṃ vibhaji. Sabbāni sakaṭamukhāni paṭṭhapesi . Tatra sudaṃ majjhe reṇussa rañño janapado hoti.
「『是的,尊者』,尊者,那六位刹帝利应诺大果文达婆罗门后,去见雷奴王;见到后,对雷奴王如此说道:『尊者,地散巴帝王已死,尊者雷奴受灌顶获得王位,尊者记得那个承诺吗?』『尊者们,我记得那个承诺。尊者们,谁能够将这大地——北方长、南方如车轭口——平等地、善分为七份呢?』『尊者,除了大果文达婆罗门之外,谁还能够呢?』尊者们,然后雷奴王对某人说道:『来,你这人,去见大果文达婆罗门;见到后,对大果文达婆罗门如此说:「尊者,雷奴王召唤您。」』尊者,那人应诺雷奴王『是的,天王』后,去见大果文达婆罗门;见到后,对大果文达婆罗门如此说道:『尊者,雷奴王召唤您。』尊者,大果文达婆罗门应诺那人『是的,尊者』后,去见雷奴王;见到后,与雷奴王互相问候。交换了值得欢迎、值得忆念的话语后,在一旁坐下。尊者们,雷奴王对坐在一旁的大果文达婆罗门如此说道:『来,尊者果文达,请将这大地——北方长、南方如车轭口——平等地、善分为七份。』『是的,尊者』,大果文达婆罗门应诺雷奴王后,将这大地——北方长、南方如车轭口——平等地、善分为七份。他建立了所有的车轭口。在那里,雷奴王的国土在中央。」
§309
Dantapuraṃ kaliṅgānaṃ , assakānañca potanaṃ.
「咖陵嘎人的但答布拉,阿萨咖人的波答那。」
Mahesayaṃ avantīnaṃ, sovīrānañca rorukaṃ.
「阿万帝人的马黑萨亚,索维拉人的罗汝咖。」
Mithilā ca videhānaṃ, campā aṅgesu māpitā;
弥体喇是韦德哈人的,占巴是为盎嘎人所建造的,
Bārāṇasī ca kāsīnaṃ, ete govindamāpitāti.
巴拉纳西是咖西人的,这些是果文达所建造的。
§310
‘‘Atha kho, bho, te cha khattiyā yathāsakena lābhena attamanā ahesuṃ paripuṇṇasaṅkappā – ‘‘yaṃ vata no ahosi icchitaṃ, yaṃ ākaṅkhitaṃ, yaṃ adhippetaṃ, yaṃ abhipatthitaṃ, taṃ no laddha’’nti.
那时,诸贤,那六位刹帝利以各自的所得而满意,满足了愿望——「凡是我们所希求的、所渴望的、所期望的、所祈愿的,我们已获得了。」
‘‘Sattabhū brahmadatto ca, vessabhū bharato saha;
萨塔普、梵授、韦萨普与巴拉塔一起,
Reṇu dve dhataraṭṭhā ca, tadāsuṃ satta bhāradhā’ti.
雷奴、两位塔塔拉塔,那时有七位承担者。
Paṭhamabhāṇavāro niṭṭhito. · 第一诵品完
Kittisaddaabbhuggamanaṃ名声传扬
§311
‘‘Atha kho, bho, te cha khattiyā yena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘yathā kho bhavaṃ govindo reṇussa rañño sahāyo piyo manāpo appaṭikūlo. Evameva kho bhavaṃ govindo amhākampi sahāyo piyo manāpo appaṭikūlo, anusāsatu no bhavaṃ govindo; mā no bhavaṃ govindo anusāsaniyā paccabyāhāsī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tesaṃ channaṃ khattiyānaṃ paccassosi. Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo satta ca rājāno khattiye muddhāvasitte rajje anusāsi, satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsāle satta ca nhātakasatāni mante vācesi.
那时,诸贤,那六位刹帝利去到大果文达婆罗门处;去到后,对大果文达婆罗门这样说:「正如尊者果文达是雷奴王的亲爱的、可意的、不违逆的朋友。同样地,尊者果文达也是我们的亲爱的、可意的、不违逆的朋友,愿尊者果文达教诫我们;愿尊者果文达不要拒绝教诫我们。」「是的,诸贤。」大果文达婆罗门应诺了那六位刹帝利。那时,诸贤,大果文达婆罗门教诫了七位刹帝利灌顶王,使他们在王国中,并使七位婆罗门大富豪和七百位净行者学习诸咒。
§312
‘‘Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa aparena samayena evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchi – ‘‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṃ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’’ti. Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi – ‘‘mayhaṃ kho evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṃ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti. Na kho panāhaṃ brahmānaṃ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi , na brahmunā mantemi. Sutaṃ kho pana metaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ – ‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyati, so brahmānaṃ passati brahmunā sākaccheti brahmunā sallapati brahmunā mantetī’ti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyeyyaṃ, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyeyya’’nti.
那时,诸贤,其后,大果文达婆罗门生起了这样的美好名声:「大果文达婆罗门亲见梵天,大果文达婆罗门亲自与梵天交谈、对话、商议。」那时,诸贤,大果文达婆罗门这样想:「我生起了这样的美好名声:『大果文达婆罗门亲见梵天,大果文达婆罗门亲自与梵天交谈、对话、商议。』但我不见梵天,不与梵天交谈,不与梵天对话,不与梵天商议。我听闻年老的、年迈的、师长的师长的诸婆罗门说:『凡在雨季四个月独处,修习慈悲禅那者,他见梵天,与梵天交谈,与梵天对话,与梵天商议。』我何不在雨季四个月独处,修习慈悲禅那呢?」
§313
‘‘Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṃ rājānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mayhaṃ kho, bho, evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṃ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti. Na kho panāhaṃ, bho, brahmānaṃ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi, na brahmunā mantemi. Sutaṃ kho pana metaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ – ‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyati, so brahmānaṃ passati, brahmunā sākaccheti brahmunā sallapati brahmunā mantetī’ti. Icchāmahaṃ, bho, vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyituṃ, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyituṃ; namhi kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo aññatra ekena bhattābhihārenā’’ti. ‘‘Yassadāni bhavaṃ govindo kālaṃ maññatī’’ti.
那时,诸贤,大果文达婆罗门去到雷奴王处;去到后,对雷奴王这样说:「尊者,我生起了这样的美好名声:『大果文达婆罗门亲见梵天,大果文达婆罗门亲自与梵天交谈、对话、商议。』但我,尊者,不见梵天,不与梵天交谈,不与梵天对话,不与梵天商议。我听闻年老的、年迈的、师长的师长的诸婆罗门说:『凡在雨季四个月独处,修习慈悲禅那者,他见梵天,与梵天交谈,与梵天对话,与梵天商议。』尊者,我希望在雨季四个月独处,修习慈悲禅那;除了一位送食物者外,任何人都不应来见我。」「现在尊者果文达认为是时候了。」
§314
‘‘Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te cha khattiyā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te cha khattiye etadavoca – ‘‘mayhaṃ kho, bho, evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṃ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti. Na kho panāhaṃ, bho, brahmānaṃ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi, na brahmunā mantemi. Sutaṃ kho pana metaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ, ‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyati, so brahmānaṃ passati brahmunā sākaccheti brahmunā sallapati brahmunā mantetī’ti. Icchāmahaṃ, bho, vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyituṃ, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyituṃ; namhi kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo aññatra ekena bhattābhihārenā’’ti. ‘‘Yassadāni bhavaṃ govindo kālaṃ maññatī’’’ti.
「那么,尊者,大果德玛婆罗门前往那六位刹帝利处;抵达后,对那六位刹帝利说此:『尊者,我有如此美好的名声传出——「大果德玛婆罗门亲见梵天,大果德玛婆罗门亲自与梵天交谈、对话、商议」。然而,尊者,我不见梵天,不与梵天交谈,不与梵天对话,不与梵天商议。尊者,我从年长、高龄、师之师的诸婆罗门说话中听闻:「凡于雨季四个月独居,修习慈悲禅那者,他见梵天,与梵天交谈,与梵天对话,与梵天商议」。尊者,我希望于雨季四个月独居,修习慈悲禅那;除了一位送食者外,任何人不得前来见我』。「现在果德玛尊者认为是时候了」。」
§315
‘‘Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsālā satta ca nhātakasatāni tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsāle satta ca nhātakasatāni etadavoca – ‘‘mayhaṃ kho, bho, evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṃ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti. Na kho panāhaṃ, bho, brahmānaṃ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi, na brahmunā mantemi. Sutaṃ kho pana metaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ – ‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyati, so brahmānaṃ passati, brahmunā sākaccheti, brahmunā sallapati, brahmunā mantetī’ti. Tena hi, bho, yathāsute yathāpariyatte mante vitthārena sajjhāyaṃ karotha, aññamaññañca mante vācetha; icchāmahaṃ, bho, vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyituṃ, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyituṃ; namhi kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo aññatra ekena bhattābhihārenā’’ti. ‘‘Yassa dāni bhavaṃ govindo kālaṃ maññatī’’ti.
「那么,尊者,大果德玛婆罗门前往那七位大富婆罗门和七百位沐浴者处;抵达后,对那七位大富婆罗门和七百位沐浴者说此:『尊者,我有如此美好的名声传出——「大果德玛婆罗门亲见梵天,大果德玛婆罗门亲自与梵天交谈、对话、商议」。然而,尊者,我不见梵天,不与梵天交谈,不与梵天对话,不与梵天商议。尊者,我从年长、高龄、师之师的诸婆罗门说话中听闻:「凡于雨季四个月独居,修习慈悲禅那者,他见梵天,与梵天交谈,与梵天对话,与梵天商议」。那么,尊者,你们应如所闻、如所学,详细地诵习咒文,互相教授咒文;尊者,我希望于雨季四个月独居,修习慈悲禅那;除了一位送食者外,任何人不得前来见我』。「现在果德玛尊者认为是时候了」。」
§316
‘‘Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo etadavoca – ‘‘mayhaṃ kho, bhotī, evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṃ passati, sakkhi mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmunā sākaccheti sallapati mantetī’ti. Na kho panāhaṃ, bhotī, brahmānaṃ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi, na brahmunā sallapāmi, na brahmunā mantemi. Sutaṃ kho pana metaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ ‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyati, so brahmānaṃ passati, brahmunā sākaccheti, brahmunā sallapati, brahmunā mantetīti, icchāmahaṃ, bhotī, vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyituṃ, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyituṃ; namhi kenaci upasaṅkamitabbo aññatra ekena bhattābhihārenā’’ti. ‘‘Yassa dāni bhavaṃ govindo kālaṃ maññatī’’’ti.
「那么,尊者,大果德玛婆罗门前往四十位同等的妻子处;抵达后,对四十位同等的妻子说此:『贤女,我有如此美好的名声传出——「大果德玛婆罗门亲见梵天,大果德玛婆罗门亲自与梵天交谈、对话、商议」。然而,贤女,我不见梵天,不与梵天交谈,不与梵天对话,不与梵天商议。贤女,我从年长、高龄、师之师的诸婆罗门说话中听闻:「凡于雨季四个月独居,修习慈悲禅那者,他见梵天,与梵天交谈,与梵天对话,与梵天商议」。贤女,我希望于雨季四个月独居,修习慈悲禅那;除了一位送食者外,任何人不得前来见我』。「现在果德玛尊者认为是时候了」。」
§317
‘‘Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo puratthimena nagarassa navaṃ sandhāgāraṃ kārāpetvā vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyi, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyi; nāssudha koci upasaṅkamati aññatra ekena bhattābhihārena. Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa catunnaṃ māsānaṃ accayena ahudeva ukkaṇṭhanā ahu paritassanā – ‘‘sutaṃ kho pana metaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ – ‘yo vassike cattāro māse paṭisallīyati, karuṇaṃ jhānaṃ jhāyati, so brahmānaṃ passati, brahmunā sākaccheti brahmunā sallapati brahmunā mantetī’ti. Na kho panāhaṃ brahmānaṃ passāmi, na brahmunā sākacchemi na brahmunā sallapāmi na brahmunā mantemī’’’ti.
「那么,尊者,大果德玛婆罗门在城的东边建造新的集会堂后,于雨季四个月独居,修习慈悲禅那;除了一位送食者外,这里没有任何人前来见他。那么,尊者,四个月过后,大果德玛婆罗门生起了焦躁,生起了忧虑:『我从年长、高龄、师之师的诸婆罗门说话中听闻:「凡于雨季四个月独居,修习慈悲禅那者,他见梵天,与梵天交谈,与梵天对话,与梵天商议」。然而我不见梵天,不与梵天交谈,不与梵天对话,不与梵天商议』。」
Brahmunā sākacchā与梵天对话
§318
‘‘Atha kho, bho, brahmā sanaṅkumāro mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva, brahmaloke antarahito mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa sammukhe pāturahosi. Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa ahudeva bhayaṃ ahu chambhitattaṃ ahu lomahaṃso yathā taṃ adiṭṭhapubbaṃ rūpaṃ disvā. Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo bhīto saṃviggo lomahaṭṭhajāto brahmānaṃ sanaṅkumāraṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
「那么,尊者,梵天沙那库玛拉以心知大果德玛婆罗门的心中寻思后,犹如有力之人伸展屈曲的手臂,或屈曲伸展的手臂,如是从梵天界消失,在大果德玛婆罗门面前出现。那么,尊者,大果德玛婆罗门见到从未见过的形色后,生起了恐惧,生起了惊慌,生起了毛骨悚然。那么,尊者,大果德玛婆罗门恐惧、惊慌、毛发竖立,以偈颂对梵天沙那库玛拉说:」
‘‘‘Vaṇṇavā yasavā sirimā, ko nu tvamasi mārisa;
「『具色、具名声、具吉祥,尊者,你是谁?」
Ajānantā taṃ pucchāma, kathaṃ jānemu taṃ maya’’nti.
「不知你者问你,我们如何知你?』」
‘‘Maṃ ve kumāraṃ jānanti, brahmaloke sanantanaṃ ;
「『他们知我为童子,梵天界的常住者;」
Sabbe jānanti maṃ devā, evaṃ govinda jānahi’’.
「诸天都认识我,果文达,你应当这样知道。」
‘‘‘Āsanaṃ udakaṃ pajjaṃ, madhusākañca brahmuno;
「座位、水、足洗水,以及梵天的蜜糖,
Agghe bhavantaṃ pucchāma, agghaṃ kurutu no bhavaṃ’’.
我们请问尊者供养,请尊者接受我们的供养。」
‘‘Paṭiggaṇhāma te agghaṃ, yaṃ tvaṃ govinda bhāsasi;
「果文达,我们接受你所说的供养;
Diṭṭhadhammahitatthāya, samparāya sukhāya ca;
为了现法利益,以及来世的安乐;
Katāvakāso pucchassu, yaṃ kiñci abhipatthita’’nti.
已给予机会,你可以问任何你所希求的。」
§319
‘‘Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi – ‘‘katāvakāso khomhi brahmunā sanaṅkumārena. Kiṃ nu kho ahaṃ brahmānaṃ sanaṅkumāraṃ puccheyyaṃ diṭṭhadhammikaṃ vā atthaṃ samparāyikaṃ vā’ti? Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi – ‘kusalo kho ahaṃ diṭṭhadhammikānaṃ atthānaṃ, aññepi maṃ diṭṭhadhammikaṃ atthaṃ pucchanti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ brahmānaṃ sanaṅkumāraṃ samparāyikaññeva atthaṃ puccheyya’nti. Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo brahmānaṃ sanaṅkumāraṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
「那时,尊者,摩诃果文达婆罗门这样想:『我已被梵天沙囊库马拉给予机会。我应该问梵天沙囊库马拉现法的利益呢,还是来世的利益呢?』那时,尊者,摩诃果文达婆罗门这样想:『我精通现法的利益,其他人也向我询问现法的利益。我何不只问梵天沙囊库马拉来世的利益呢?』那时,尊者,摩诃果文达婆罗门以偈颂对梵天沙囊库马拉说——
‘‘Pucchāmi brahmānaṃ sanaṅkumāraṃ,
「我问梵天沙囊库马拉,
Kaṅkhī akaṅkhiṃ paravediyesu;
对他人的感受,疑者成为无疑者;
Katthaṭṭhito kimhi ca sikkhamāno,
住立于何处,在何处修学,
Pappoti macco amataṃ brahmaloka’’nti.
死者能到达不死的梵天界?
‘‘Hitvā mamattaṃ manujesu brahme,
「舍弃对人们的我所执,婆罗门啊,
Ekodibhūto karuṇedhimutto ;
成为独一者,从悲悯中解脱;
Nirāmagandho virato methunasmā,
无肉欲之臭,离于交媾,
Etthaṭṭhito ettha ca sikkhamāno;
住立于此,在此修学;
Pappoti macco amataṃ brahmaloka’’nti.
死者能到达不死的梵天界。」
§320
‘‘Hitvā mamatta’nti ahaṃ bhoto ājānāmi. Idhekacco appaṃ vā bhogakkhandhaṃ pahāya mahantaṃ vā bhogakkhandhaṃ pahāya appaṃ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ pahāya mahantaṃ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ pahāya kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati, ‘iti hitvā mamatta’nti ahaṃ bhoto ājānāmi. ‘Ekodibhūto’ti ahaṃ bhoto ājānāmi. Idhekacco vivittaṃ senāsanaṃ bhajati araññaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ pabbataṃ kandaraṃ giriguhaṃ susānaṃ vanapatthaṃ abbhokāsaṃ palālapuñjaṃ, iti ekodibhūto’ti ahaṃ bhoto ājānāmi. ‘Karuṇedhimutto’ti ahaṃ bhoto ājānāmi. Idhekacco karuṇāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadhotiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ karuṇāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. Iti ‘karuṇedhimutto’ti ahaṃ bhoto ājānāmi. Āmagandhe ca kho ahaṃ bhoto bhāsamānassa na ājānāmi.
「舍弃我所」,我了解尊者。在此,某人舍弃少量的财富积聚或舍弃大量的财富积聚,舍弃少量的亲族圈或舍弃大量的亲族圈,剃除须发,披着袈裟衣,从在家出家成为非家,如此「舍弃我所」,我了解尊者。「成为独一者」,我了解尊者。在此,某人亲近远离的住所:林野、树下、山岳、山洞、山窟、冢间、丛林、露地、草堆,如此「成为独一者」,我了解尊者。「以悲为解脱」,我了解尊者。在此,某人以与悲俱行之心遍满一方而住,如此第二方,如此第三方,如此第四方。如此,上、下、横、一切处、一切方面、一切世间,以与悲俱行之心、广大、无量、无怨、无害遍满而住。如此「以悲为解脱」,我了解尊者。但是,尊者所说的「生臭」,我不了解。
‘‘Ke āmagandhā manujesu brahme,
「婆罗门,人中的生臭是什么,
Ete avidvā idha brūhi dhīra;
这些无智者在此请贤者说;
Kenāvaṭā vāti pajā kurutu ,
被什么所障碍的众生在库汝,
Āpāyikā nivutabrahmalokā’’ti.
堕恶趣,被遮蔽梵天界?」
‘‘Kodho mosavajjaṃ nikati ca dubbho,
「忿怒、妄语、欺诈及悭吝,
Kadariyatā atimāno usūyā;
吝啬、傲慢及嫉妒;
Icchā vivicchā paraheṭhanā ca,
欲求、分离及恼害他人,
Lobho ca doso ca mado ca moho;
贪与嗔与醉与痴；
Etesu yuttā anirāmagandhā,
系缚于这些者，无有喜乐之香，
Āpāyikā nivutabrahmalokā’’ti.
堕恶趣者，障蔽梵天界者。」
‘‘Yathā kho ahaṃ bhoto āmagandhe bhāsamānassa ājānāmi. Te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā. Pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriya’’nti. ‘‘Yassadāni bhavaṃ govindo kālaṃ maññatī’’ti.
「如我理解尊者阿玛甘达所说之义，他们不易舍弃而住于家。尊者，我将从家出家，成为无家者。」「尊者果德玛，现在认为是时候了。」
Reṇurājaāmantanā雷努王劝请
§321
‘‘Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena reṇu rājā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā reṇuṃ rājānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘aññaṃ dāni bhavaṃ purohitaṃ pariyesatu, yo bhoto rajjaṃ anusāsissati. Icchāmahaṃ, bho , agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā. Pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriya’’nti.
「那时，尊者，大果德玛婆罗门前往勒奴王处；抵达后，对勒奴王如此说道——『现在请尊者寻找另一位司祭，为尊者教导王政。尊者，我想从家出家，成为无家者。如我所闻梵天阿玛甘达所说之义，他们不易舍弃而住于家。尊者，我将从家出家，成为无家者。』」
‘‘Āmantayāmi rājānaṃ, reṇuṃ bhūmipatiṃ ahaṃ;
「我告知国王，勒奴地主，
Tvaṃ pajānassu rajjena, nāhaṃ porohicce rame’’.
你应以王政而知，我不乐于司祭职。」
‘‘Sace te ūnaṃ kāmehi, ahaṃ paripūrayāmi te;
「若你欲望有所不足，我将为你圆满；
Yo taṃ hiṃsati vāremi, bhūmisenāpati ahaṃ;
「谁伤害他我将阻止,我是地之军主;」
Tuvaṃ pitā ahaṃ putto, mā no govinda pājahi’’ .
「你是父亲我是儿子,果德玛,请勿舍弃我们。」
‘‘Namatthi ūnaṃ kāmehi, hiṃsitā me na vijjati;
「我对诸欲无所缺,我没有被伤害者;」
Amanussavaco sutvā, tasmāhaṃ na gahe rame’’.
「听闻非人之语后,因此我不乐于家。」
‘‘Amanusso kathaṃvaṇṇo, kiṃ te atthaṃ abhāsatha;
「非人是何种相貌,他对你说了什么义理;」
Yañca sutvā jahāsi no, gehe amhe ca kevalī’’.
「听闻何事后你舍弃我们,以及家中的我们全部。」
‘‘Upavutthassa me pubbe, yiṭṭhukāmassa me sato;
「以前我坐下时,当我正念欲祭祀时;」
Aggi pajjalito āsi, kusapattaparitthato’’.
「火已燃起,被草叶所围绕。」
‘‘Tato me brahmā pāturahu, brahmalokā sanantano;
「那时,梵天从梵天界向我显现;
So me pañhaṃ viyākāsi, taṃ sutvā na gahe rame’’.
他为我分别论了问题,听了之后我不乐于家。」
‘‘Saddahāmi ahaṃ bhoto, yaṃ tvaṃ govinda bhāsasi;
「我信受尊者,你果德玛所说的;
Amanussavaco sutvā, kathaṃ vattetha aññathā.
听了非人之语,怎能说其他的呢。
‘‘Te taṃ anuvattissāma, satthā govinda no bhavaṃ;
「我们将随从那位,愿果德玛成为我们的导师;
Maṇi yathā veḷuriyo, akāco vimalo subho;
如同琉璃宝珠,无瑕、清净、明亮;
Evaṃ suddhā carissāma, govindassānusāsane’’ti.
我们将如此清储食净屋行,在果德玛的教导下。」
‘‘‘Sace bhavaṃ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissati, mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāma. Atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī’’ti.
「如果果德玛尊者从在家出家成为非家,我们也将从在家出家成为非家。你的去处,将是我们的去处。」
Cha khattiyaāmantanā六刹帝利劝请
§322
‘‘Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te cha khattiyā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te cha khattiye etadavoca – ‘‘aññaṃ dāni bhavanto purohitaṃ pariyesantu, yo bhavantānaṃ rajje anusāsissati. Icchāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā. Pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriya’’nti. Atha kho, bho, te cha khattiyā ekamantaṃ apakkamma evaṃ samacintesuṃ – ‘‘ime kho brāhmaṇā nāma dhanaluddhā; yaṃnūna mayaṃ mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ dhanena sikkheyyāmā’’ti. Te mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘saṃvijjati kho, bho, imesu sattasu rajjesu pahūtaṃ sāpateyyaṃ, tato bhoto yāvatakena attho, tāvatakaṃ āharīyata’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ, bho, mamapidaṃ pahūtaṃ sāpateyyaṃ bhavantānaṃyeva vāhasā. Tamahaṃ sabbaṃ pahāya agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāmi. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriya’’nti. Atha kho, bho, te cha khattiyā ekamantaṃ apakkamma evaṃ samacintesuṃ – ‘‘ime kho brāhmaṇā nāma itthiluddhā; yaṃnūna mayaṃ mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ itthīhi sikkheyyāmā’’ti. Te mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘saṃvijjanti kho, bho, imesu sattasu rajjesu pahūtā itthiyo, tato bhoto yāvatikāhi attho, tāvatikā ānīyata’’nti. ‘‘Alaṃ, bho, mamapimā cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo. Tāpāhaṃ sabbā pahāya agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāmi. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyanti’’.
「那时,尊者,大果德玛婆罗门去到那六位刹帝利处;去到后,对那六位刹帝利这样说——『现在请诸位尊者寻找另一位家司祭,他将在王国中教导诸位尊者。尊者,我想要从在家出家成为非家。因为我听闻梵天说生臭之语,那些不是很容易住在家中的。尊者,我将从在家出家成为非家。』那时,尊者,那六位刹帝利退到一边后,这样共同思考——『这些婆罗门确实贪求财富;我们何不以财富来诱导大果德玛婆罗门呢?』他们去到大果德玛婆罗门处后,这样说——『尊者,在这七个王国中有很多财产,从那里请尊者取走所需要的数量。』『够了,尊者,我也有很多财产,正是由于诸位尊者的恩赐。我将舍弃那一切,从在家出家成为非家。因为我听闻梵天说生臭之语,那些不是很容易住在家中的,尊者,我将从在家出家成为非家。』那时,尊者,那六位刹帝利退到一边后,这样共同思考——『这些婆罗门确实贪求女人;我们何不以女人来诱导大果德玛婆罗门呢?』他们去到大果德玛婆罗门处后,这样说——『尊者,在这七个王国中有很多女人,从那里请尊者带来所需要的数量。』『够了,尊者,我也有这四十位相称的妻子。我将舍弃她们全部,从在家出家成为非家。因为我听闻梵天说生臭之语,那些不是很容易住在家中的,尊者,我将从在家出家成为非家。』」
§323
‘‘Sace bhavaṃ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissati, mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatīti.
「如果尊者果德玛将从在家出家成为非家,我们也将从在家出家成为非家,那么你的去处,将是我们的去处。」
‘‘Sace jahatha kāmāni, yattha satto puthujjano;
「如果你们舍弃诸欲,凡夫在那里执着;」
Ārambhavho daḷhā hotha, khantibalasamāhitā.
「你们应当精进,应当坚固,以忍辱力而等持。」
‘‘Esa maggo ujumaggo, esa maggo anuttaro;
「这是正直之道,这是无上之道;」
Saddhammo sabbhi rakkhito, brahmalokūpapattiyāti.
「正法被善人守护,为了往生梵天界。」
‘‘Tena hi bhavaṃ govindo satta vassāni āgametu. Sattannaṃ vassānaṃ accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī’’ti.
「那么,尊者果德玛请等待七年。七年过后,我们也将从在家出家成为非家,那么你的去处,将是我们的去处。」
‘‘‘Aticiraṃ kho, bho, satta vassāni, nāhaṃ sakkomi, bhavante, satta vassāni āgametuṃ. Ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitānaṃ! Gamanīyo samparāyo, mantāyaṃ boddhabbaṃ, kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ, caritabbaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṃ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriya’’’nti. ‘‘Tena hi bhavaṃ govindo chabbassāni āgametu…pe… pañca vassāni āgametu… cattāri vassāni āgametu… tīṇi vassāni āgametu… dve vassāni āgametu… ekaṃ vassaṃ āgametu, ekassa vassassa accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī’’ti.
「『尊者,七年太久了,我不能等待诸位尊者七年。尊者,谁知道生命呢!应当去来世,应当思考,应当作善,应当行梵行,已生者无不死。因为我听闻梵天说生臭之语,那些不是很容易住在家中的,尊者,我将从在家出家成为非家。』『那么,尊者果德玛请等待六年……(中略)……请等待五年……请等待四年……请等待三年……请等待两年……请等待一年,一年过后,我们也将从在家出家成为非家,那么你的去处,将是我们的去处。』」
‘‘‘Aticiraṃ kho, bho, ekaṃ vassaṃ, nāhaṃ sakkomi bhavante ekaṃ vassaṃ āgametuṃ. Ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitānaṃ! Gamanīyo samparāyo, mantāyaṃ boddhabbaṃ, kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ , caritabbaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṃ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriya’’nti. ‘‘Tena hi bhavaṃ govindo satta māsāni āgametu, sattannaṃ māsānaṃ accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī’’ti.
「尊者,一年太久了,我不能等待尊者们一年。谁知道生命呢!来世应去,应思量,应作善,应行梵行,已生者无不死。正如我听闻梵天说阿玛甘德时,他们住在家中不易净化,我将从在家出家成为非家。」「那么,果文德尊者请等待七个月,七个月过后我们也将从在家出家成为非家,那么你的去处,将是我们的去处。」
‘‘‘Aticiraṃ kho, bho, satta māsāni, nāhaṃ sakkomi bhavante satta māsāni āgametuṃ. Ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitānaṃ. Gamanīyo samparāyo, mantāyaṃ boddhabbaṃ , kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ, caritabbaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṃ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriya’’nti.
「尊者,七个月太久了,我不能等待尊者们七个月。谁知道生命呢!来世应去,应思量,应作善,应行梵行,已生者无不死。正如我听闻梵天说阿玛甘德时,他们住在家中不易净化,我将从在家出家成为非家。」
‘‘‘Tena hi bhavaṃ govindo cha māsāni āgametu…pe… pañca māsāni āgametu… cattāri māsāni āgametu… tīṇi māsāni āgametu… dve māsāni āgametu… ekaṃ māsaṃ āgametu… addhamāsaṃ āgametu, addhamāsassa accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī’’ti.
「那么,果文德尊者请等待六个月……(中略)……请等待五个月……请等待四个月……请等待三个月……请等待两个月……请等待一个月……请等待半个月,半个月过后我们也将从在家出家成为非家,那么你的去处,将是我们的去处。」
‘‘‘Aticiraṃ kho, bho, addhamāso, nāhaṃ sakkomi bhavante addhamāsaṃ āgametuṃ. Ko nu kho pana, bho, jānāti jīvitānaṃ! Gamanīyo samparāyo, mantāyaṃ boddhabbaṃ, kattabbaṃ kusalaṃ, caritabbaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, natthi jātassa amaraṇaṃ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriya’’nti. ‘‘Tena hi bhavaṃ govindo sattāhaṃ āgametu, yāva mayaṃ sake puttabhātaro rajjena anusāsissāma, sattāhassa accayena mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī’’ti. ‘‘Na ciraṃ kho, bho, sattāhaṃ, āgamessāmahaṃ bhavante sattāha’’nti.
「尊者,半个月太久了,我不能等待尊者们半个月。谁知道生命呢!来世应去,应思量,应作善,应行梵行,已生者无不死。正如我听闻梵天说阿玛甘德时,他们住在家中不易净化,我将从在家出家成为非家。」「那么,果文德尊者请等待七天,直到我们教导自己的儿子兄弟王权,七天过后我们也将从在家出家成为非家,那么你的去处,将是我们的去处。」「尊者,七天不久,我将等待尊者们七天。」
Brāhmaṇamahāsālādīnaṃ āmantanā婆罗门大富者等劝请
§324
‘‘Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena te satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsālā satta ca nhātakasatāni tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsāle satta ca nhātakasatāni etadavoca – ‘‘aññaṃ dāni bhavanto ācariyaṃ pariyesantu, yo bhavantānaṃ mante vācessati. Icchāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa. Te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā, pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriya’’nti. ‘‘Mā bhavaṃ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbaji. Pabbajjā, bho, appesakkhā ca appalābhā ca; brahmaññaṃ mahesakkhañca mahālābhañcā’’ti. ‘‘Mā bhavanto evaṃ avacuttha – ‘‘pabbajjā appesakkhā ca appalābhā ca, brahmaññaṃ mahesakkhañca mahālābhañcā’’ti. Ko nu kho, bho, aññatra mayā mahesakkhataro vā mahālābhataro vā! Ahañhi, bho, etarahi rājāva raññaṃ brahmāva brāhmaṇānaṃ devatāva gahapatikānaṃ. Tamahaṃ sabbaṃ pahāya agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāmi. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā. Pabbajissāmahaṃ, bho, agārasmā anagāriya’’nti. ‘‘Sace bhavaṃ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissati, mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī’’ti.
「那时,尊者,大果文德婆罗门前往那七位婆罗门大富者和七百位沐浴者处;前往后,对那七位婆罗门大富者和七百位沐浴者这样说:『尊者们,现在请寻找另一位老师,他将为尊者们教授咒语。我想从在家出家成为非家。正如我听闻梵天说阿玛甘德时,他们住在家中不易净化,我将从在家出家成为非家。』『果文德尊者请勿从在家出家成为非家。出家,尊者,少恭敬且少利益;婆罗门身份大恭敬且大利益。』『尊者们,请勿这样说:「出家少恭敬且少利益,婆罗门身份大恭敬且大利益。」谁,尊者,除了我之外更大恭敬或更大利益呢!我,尊者,现在对诸王如王,对诸婆罗门如梵天,对诸居士如天人。我将舍弃这一切从在家出家成为非家。正如我听闻梵天说阿玛甘德时,他们住在家中不易净化。我将从在家出家成为非家。』『如果果文德尊者从在家出家成为非家,我们也将从在家出家成为非家,那么你的去处,将是我们的去处。』」
Bhariyānaṃ āmantanā妻子们劝请
§325
‘‘Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo yena cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā cattārīsā bhariyā sādisiyo etadavoca – ‘‘yā bhotīnaṃ icchati, sakāni vā ñātikulāni gacchatu aññaṃ vā bhattāraṃ pariyesatu. Icchāmahaṃ, bhotī, agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Yathā kho pana me sutaṃ brahmuno āmagandhe bhāsamānassa, te na sunimmadayā agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā. Pabbajissāmahaṃ, bhotī, agārasmā anagāriya’’nti. ‘‘Tvaññeva no ñāti ñātikāmānaṃ, tvaṃ pana bhattā bhattukāmānaṃ. Sace bhavaṃ govindo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissati, mayampi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajissāma, atha yā te gati, sā no gati bhavissatī’’ti.
「那时,尊者,大果文德婆罗门前往四十位同等妻子处;前往后,对四十位同等妻子这样说:『夫人们,谁想要的,可以去自己的亲族家,或寻找另一位丈夫。我想,夫人,从在家出家成为非家。正如我听闻梵天说阿玛甘德时,他们住在家中不易净化。我将,夫人,从在家出家成为非家。』『你是我们想要亲族者的亲族,你是想要丈夫者的丈夫。如果果文德尊者从在家出家成为非家,我们也将从在家出家成为非家,那么你的去处,将是我们的去处。』」
Mahāgovindapabbajjā大果文德出家
§326
‘‘Atha kho, bho, mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo tassa sattāhassa accayena kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbaji. Pabbajitaṃ pana mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ satta ca rājāno khattiyā muddhāvasittā satta ca brāhmaṇamahāsālā satta ca nhātakasatāni cattārīsā ca bhariyā sādisiyo anekāni ca khattiyasahassāni anekāni ca brāhmaṇasahassāni anekāni ca gahapatisahassāni anekehi ca itthāgārehi itthiyo kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā mahāgovindaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitaṃ anupabbajiṃsu. Tāya sudaṃ, bho, parisāya parivuto mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo gāmanigamarājadhānīsu cārikaṃ carati. Yaṃ kho pana, bho, tena samayena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upasaṅkamati, tattha rājāva hoti raññaṃ, brahmāva brāhmaṇānaṃ, devatāva gahapatikānaṃ. Tena kho pana samayena manussā khipanti vā upakkhalanti vā te evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘namatthu mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa, namatthu satta purohitassā’’’ti.
「那时,尊者,大果文德婆罗门在那七天过后,剃除须发,披上袈裟衣,从在家出家成为非家。大果文德婆罗门出家后,七位灌顶刹帝利王、七位婆罗门大富者、七百位沐浴者、四十位同等妻子、数千刹帝利、数千婆罗门、数千居士,以及许多后宫的妇女,剃除须发,披上袈裟衣,随大果文德婆罗门从在家出家成为非家而出家。被那群众围绕,大果文德婆罗门在村镇王都游行。尊者,那时大果文德婆罗门前往村或镇,在那里对诸王如王,对诸婆罗门如梵天,对诸居士如天人。那时,人们打喷嚏或跌倒时,他们这样说:『礼敬大果文德婆罗门,礼敬七位祭司。』」
§327
‘‘Mahāgovindo, bho, brāhmaṇo mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā vihāsi, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā vihāsi. Karuṇāsahagatena cetasā…pe… muditāsahagatena cetasā…pe… upekkhāsahagatena cetasā…pe… abyāpajjena pharitvā vihāsi sāvakānañca brahmalokasahabyatāya maggaṃ desesi.
「尊者,大果文德婆罗门以慈俱行之心遍满一方而住,如是第二方,如是第三方,如是第四方。如是上下横遍一切处,对一切如对己,以慈俱行之心,广大、无量、无怨、无害遍满而住。以悲俱行之心……(中略)……以喜俱行之心……(中略)……以舍俱行之心……(中略)……无害遍满而住,并为弟子们教导梵天世界共住之道。」
§328
‘‘Ye kho pana, bho, tena samayena mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa sāvakā sabbena sabbaṃ sāsanaṃ ājāniṃsu. Te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ brahmalokaṃ upapajjiṃsu. Ye na sabbena sabbaṃ sāsanaṃ ājāniṃsu, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā appekacce paranimmitavasavattīnaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjiṃsu; appekacce nimmānaratīnaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjiṃsu; appekacce tusitānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjiṃsu; appekacce yāmānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjiṃsu; appekacce tāvatiṃsānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjiṃsu; appekacce cātumahārājikānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjiṃsu; ye sabbanihīnaṃ kāyaṃ paripūresuṃ te gandhabbakāyaṃ paripūresuṃ. Iti kho, bho , sabbesaṃyeva tesaṃ kulaputtānaṃ amoghā pabbajjā ahosi avañjhā saphalā saudrayā’’’ti.
「尊者,那时,凡是大果德玛婆罗门的弟子们完全了知教诫者,他们身坏命终后往生善趣梵天界。凡是未完全了知教诫者,他们身坏命终后,有些往生他化自在天众的同伴;有些往生化乐天众的同伴;有些往生兜率天众的同伴;有些往生夜摩天众的同伴;有些往生三十三天众的同伴;有些往生四大王天众的同伴;凡是圆满最下身者,他们圆满乾达婆身。如此,尊者,所有那些善男子的出家都不空、不虚、有果、有利益。」
§329
‘‘Sarati taṃ bhagavā’’ti? ‘‘Sarāmahaṃ, pañcasikha. Ahaṃ tena samayena mahāgovindo brāhmaṇo ahosiṃ. Ahaṃ tesaṃ sāvakānaṃ brahmalokasahabyatāya maggaṃ desesiṃ. Taṃ kho pana me, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṃ na nibbidāya na virāgāya na nirodhāya na upasamāya na abhiññāya na sambodhāya na nibbānāya saṃvattati, yāvadeva brahmalokūpapattiyā.
「世尊忆念那个吗?」「我忆念,般遮尸咖。我那时是大果德玛婆罗门。我为那些弟子教导往生梵天界同伴的道路。然而,般遮尸咖,那梵行不导向厌离、不导向离贪、不导向灭、不导向寂止、不导向证智、不导向正觉、不导向涅槃,只导向往生梵天界。
Idaṃ kho pana me, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṃ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Katamañca taṃ, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṃ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. Idaṃ kho taṃ, pañcasikha, brahmacariyaṃ ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati.
然而,般遮尸咖,我这梵行导向完全的厌离、导向离贪、导向灭、导向寂止、导向证智、导向正觉、导向涅槃。般遮尸咖,什么是那导向完全的厌离、导向离贪、导向灭、导向寂止、导向证智、导向正觉、导向涅槃的梵行呢?即此八支圣道。即是:正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。般遮尸咖,这就是那导向完全的厌离、导向离贪、导向灭、导向寂止、导向证智、导向正觉、导向涅槃的梵行。
§330
‘‘Ye kho pana me, pañcasikha, sāvakā sabbena sabbaṃ sāsanaṃ ājānanti, te āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharanti; ye na sabbena sabbaṃ sāsanaṃ ājānanti, te pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātikā honti tattha parinibbāyino anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā. Ye na sabbena sabbaṃ sāsanaṃ ājānanti, appekacce tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmino honti sakideva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantaṃ karissanti . Ye na sabbena sabbaṃ sāsanaṃ ājānanti, appekacce tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpannā honti avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyaṇā. Iti kho, pañcasikha, sabbesaṃyeva imesaṃ kulaputtānaṃ amoghā pabbajjā avañjhā saphalā saudrayā’’ti.
「然而,般遮尸咖,凡是我的弟子们完全了知教诫者,他们以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证、具足、住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱;凡是未完全了知教诫者,他们以五下分结的灭尽,成为化生者,在那里般涅槃,不从那世界再来。凡是未完全了知教诫者,有些以三结的灭尽、贪嗔痴的减弱,成为一来者,只来此世间一次后将作苦的终结。凡是未完全了知教诫者,有些以三结的灭尽,成为入流者,不堕恶趣法,决定,以正觉为彼岸。如此,般遮尸咖,所有这些善男子的出家都不空、不虚、有果、有利益。」
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano pañcasikho gandhabbaputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyīti.
世尊如此说。欢喜的乾达婆子般遮尸咖随喜、欢喜世尊所说后,礼敬世尊,作右绕,就在那里隐没。
Mahāgovindasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ. · 大果文德经完,第六