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首页经藏长部戒蕴品部3. 阿摩德经

3. Ambaṭṭhasuttaṃ3. 阿摩德经

83 段 · CSCD 巴利原典
3. Ambaṭṭhasuttaṃ3. 阿摩德经
§254
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi yena icchānaṅgalaṃ nāma kosalānaṃ brāhmaṇagāmo tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā icchānaṅgale viharati icchānaṅgalavanasaṇḍe.
如是我闻。一时,世尊在国萨拉国游行,与大比库僧团五百位比库俱,到达国萨拉国一个名为伊车能额勒的婆罗门村落。世尊住在伊车能额勒,在伊车能额勒的林丛中。
Pokkharasātivatthu颇卡拉萨帝事
§255
Tena kho pana samayena brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti ukkaṭṭhaṃ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṃ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṃ sadhaññaṃ rājabhoggaṃ raññā pasenadinā kosalena dinnaṃ rājadāyaṃ brahmadeyyaṃ. Assosi kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti – ‘‘samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito kosalesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi icchānaṅgalaṃ anuppatto icchānaṅgale viharati icchānaṅgalavanasaṇḍe. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ . So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī’’ti.
那时,波咖拉萨谛婆罗门居住在伍咖达城——那是一个人口稠密、水草丰茂、五谷丰登的城邑,由国萨拉国王巴谢那地所赐,作为王赏的梵礼。波咖拉萨谛婆罗门听说:「沙门果德玛是释迦族之子,从释迦族出家,与大比库僧团五百位比库俱,在国萨拉国游行,到达伊车能额勒,住在伊车能额勒的林丛中。关于这位果德玛尊者,有这样美好的声誉传扬:『彼世尊是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行具足、善至、世间解、无上士调御丈夫、天人导师、佛陀、世尊。』他通过自己的证知而宣说这个世界连同诸天、魔、梵,连同沙门婆罗门、天人众。他演说初善、中善、后善、有义、有文、完全圆满清净的梵行之法。能够见到这样的阿拉汉真是好事。」
Ambaṭṭhamāṇavo阿摩德学童
§256
Tena kho pana samayena brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa ambaṭṭho nāma māṇavo antevāsī hoti ajjhāyako mantadharo tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo anuññātapaṭiññāto sake ācariyake tevijjake pāvacane – ‘‘yamahaṃ jānāmi, taṃ tvaṃ jānāsi; yaṃ tvaṃ jānāsi tamahaṃ jānāmī’’ti.
那时,波咖拉萨谛婆罗门有一位名叫安拔他的年轻弟子,他是读诵者、持咒者、通达三吠陀者,连同字汇、礼仪、语源、历史第五,通晓语句、文法,精通世间学及大人相,在自己老师的三明传承中已得许可并自许:「我所知者,你亦知之;你所知者,我亦知之。」
§257
Atha kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ayaṃ, tāta ambaṭṭha, samaṇo gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito kosalesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi icchānaṅgalaṃ anuppatto icchānaṅgale viharati icchānaṅgalavanasaṇḍe. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā, arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’. So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotīti. Ehi tvaṃ tāta ambaṭṭha, yena samaṇo gotamo tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ jānāhi, yadi vā taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ tathāsantaṃyeva saddo abbhuggato, yadi vā no tathā. Yadi vā so bhavaṃ gotamo tādiso, yadi vā na tādiso, tathā mayaṃ taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ vedissāmā’’ti.
那时,波咖拉萨谛婆罗门告诉安拔他年轻人:「亲爱的安拔他,这位沙门果德玛是释迦族之子,从释迦族出家,与大比库僧团五百位比库俱,在国萨拉国游行,到达伊车能额勒,住在伊车能额勒的林丛中。关于这位果德玛尊者,有这样美好的声誉传扬:『彼世尊是阿拉汉……乃至……佛陀、世尊。』亲爱的安拔他,你去沙门果德玛那里。到了之后,要探明沙门果德玛是否如传闻所说、是否真是那样。我们将由你来知道这位果德玛尊者。」
§258
‘‘Yathā kathaṃ panāhaṃ, bho, taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ jānissāmi – ‘yadi vā taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ tathāsantaṃyeva saddo abbhuggato, yadi vā no tathā. Yadi vā so bhavaṃ gotamo tādiso, yadi vā na tādiso’’’ti?
「尊者,我该如何得知这位果德玛尊者是否如传闻所说、是否真是那样呢?」
‘‘Āgatāni kho, tāta ambaṭṭha, amhākaṃ mantesu dvattiṃsa mahāpurisalakkhaṇāni, yehi samannāgatassa mahāpurisassa dveyeva gatiyo bhavanti anaññā. Sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, rājā hoti cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato . Tassimāni satta ratanāni bhavanti. Seyyathidaṃ – cakkaratanaṃ, hatthiratanaṃ, assaratanaṃ, maṇiratanaṃ, itthiratanaṃ, gahapatiratanaṃ, pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṃ. Parosahassaṃ kho panassa puttā bhavanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṃ pathaviṃ sāgarapariyantaṃ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Sace kho pana agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati , arahaṃ hoti sammāsambuddho loke vivaṭṭacchado. Ahaṃ kho pana, tāta ambaṭṭha, mantānaṃ dātā; tvaṃ mantānaṃ paṭiggahetā’’ti.
「亲爱的安拔他,我们的咒语中传下了三十二大人相。具足此相的大人只有两种去处而无他。若他住在家中,则成为转轮圣王,是如法之王,四方之主,征服者,国土安稳,具足七宝。他的七宝是:轮宝、象宝、马宝、珠宝、女宝、居士宝、主兵臣宝为第七。他有超过一千个儿子,英勇无畏,能摧伏敌军。他不用杖、不用刀,以法征服这遍及海洋的大地而安住。若他从家出家为无家者,则成为阿拉汉、正自觉者,揭去世间的覆蔽。亲爱的安拔他,我是咒语的传授者,你是咒语的领受者。」
§259
‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā brāhmaṇaṃ pokkharasātiṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā vaḷavārathamāruyha sambahulehi māṇavakehi saddhiṃ yena icchānaṅgalavanasaṇḍo tena pāyāsi. Yāvatikā yānassa bhūmi yānena gantvā yānā paccorohitvā pattikova ārāmaṃ pāvisi. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū abbhokāse caṅkamanti. Atha kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho, bho, etarahi so bhavaṃ gotamo viharati? Tañhi mayaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya idhūpasaṅkantā’’ti.
「是的,尊者。」安拔他年轻人答应了波咖拉萨谛婆罗门。他起身从座而起,向波咖拉萨谛婆罗门顶礼并右绕,登上母马拉的车乘,与众多年轻人一同前往伊车能额勒林丛。他乘车到能通车的地方,下车后步行入园。那时有许多比库在露天经行。安拔他年轻人走近那些比库,走近后对他们说:「诸位尊者,果德玛尊者现在住在何处?我们是来见果德玛尊者的。」
§260
Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo abhiññātakolañño ceva abhiññātassa ca brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa antevāsī. Agaru kho pana bhagavato evarūpehi kulaputtehi saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo hotī’’ti. Te ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘eso ambaṭṭha vihāro saṃvutadvāro, tena appasaddo upasaṅkamitvā ataramāno āḷindaṃ pavisitvā ukkāsitvā aggaḷaṃ ākoṭehi, vivarissati te bhagavā dvāra’’nti.
那时,那些比库心想:「这安拔他年轻人是著名氏族的后裔,又是著名婆罗门波咖拉萨谛的弟子。世尊与这样的良家子交谈不会有碍。」他们对安拔他年轻人说:「安拔他,那间房门关闭的精舍就是。你可静静地走近,不要急躁,进入廊下,咳嗽一声,敲一敲门闩,世尊就会为你开门。」
§261
Atha kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo yena so vihāro saṃvutadvāro, tena appasaddo upasaṅkamitvā ataramāno āḷindaṃ pavisitvā ukkāsitvā aggaḷaṃ ākoṭesi. Vivari bhagavā dvāraṃ. Pāvisi ambaṭṭho māṇavo. Māṇavakāpi pavisitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu, sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ambaṭṭho pana māṇavo caṅkamantopi nisinnena bhagavatā kañci kañci kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāreti, ṭhitopi nisinnena bhagavatā kiñci kiñci kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāreti.
那时,安拔他年轻人走到那间房门关闭的精舍,静静地走近,不急躁地进入廊下,咳嗽一声,敲了敲门闩。世尊开了门。安拔他年轻人进入,众年轻人也进入,与世尊互相问候,彼此寒暄敬语之后,坐在一旁。而安拔他年轻人在世尊就座时,他却一边走一边与坐着的世尊说这说那;有时站着与坐着的世尊说这说那。
§262
Atha kho bhagavā ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘evaṃ nu te, ambaṭṭha, brāhmaṇehi vuddhehi mahallakehi ācariyapācariyehi saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo hoti, yathayidaṃ caraṃ tiṭṭhaṃ nisinnena mayā kiñci kiñci kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretī’’ti?
那时,世尊对安拔他年轻人说:「安拔他,你与那些年长、年高、老师之师的婆罗门交谈时,也是这样一边走一边站一边与坐着的我说这说那吗?」
Paṭhamaibbhavādo第一傲慢论
§263
‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama. Gacchanto vā hi, bho gotama, gacchantena brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇena saddhiṃ sallapitumarahati, ṭhito vā hi, bho gotama, ṭhitena brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇena saddhiṃ sallapitumarahati, nisinno vā hi, bho gotama, nisinnena brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇena saddhiṃ sallapitumarahati, sayāno vā hi, bho gotama, sayānena brāhmaṇo brāhmaṇena saddhiṃ sallapitumarahati. Ye ca kho te, bho gotama, muṇḍakā samaṇakā ibbhā kaṇhā bandhupādāpaccā, tehipi me saddhiṃ evaṃ kathāsallāpo hoti, yathariva bhotā gotamenā’’ti. ‘‘Atthikavato kho pana te, ambaṭṭha, idhāgamanaṃ ahosi, yāyeva kho panatthāya āgaccheyyātha , tameva atthaṃ sādhukaṃ manasi kareyyātha . Avusitavāyeva kho pana bho ayaṃ ambaṭṭho māṇavo vusitamānī kimaññatra avusitattā’’ti.
「不是的,果德玛尊者。行走的婆罗门应当与行走的婆罗门交谈,站立的与站立的,坐着的与坐着的,躺卧的与躺卧的。而那些秃头沙门、贱民、黑人、从梵天足下出生的贱种,我与他们交谈就如我与果德玛尊者您交谈这样。」「安拔他,你来这里是有所求的。无论你为何事而来,都应当如理作意那事。这位安拔他年轻人实在是未修行成就的,却自以为已成就。除了未成就之外,还能是什么呢?」
§264
Atha kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo bhagavatā avusitavādena vuccamāno kupito anattamano bhagavantaṃyeva khuṃsento bhagavantaṃyeva vambhento bhagavantaṃyeva upavadamāno – ‘‘samaṇo ca me, bho, gotamo pāpito bhavissatī’’ti bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘caṇḍā, bho gotama, sakyajāti; pharusā, bho gotama, sakyajāti; lahusā, bho gotama, sakyajāti; bhassā, bho gotama, sakyajāti; ibbhā santā ibbhā samānā na brāhmaṇe sakkaronti, na brāhmaṇe garuṃ karonti , na brāhmaṇe mānenti, na brāhmaṇe pūjenti, na brāhmaṇe apacāyanti. Tayidaṃ, bho gotama, nacchannaṃ, tayidaṃ nappatirūpaṃ, yadime sakyā ibbhā santā ibbhā samānā na brāhmaṇe sakkaronti, na brāhmaṇe garuṃ karonti, na brāhmaṇe mānenti, na brāhmaṇe pūjenti, na brāhmaṇe apacāyantī’’ti. Itiha ambaṭṭho māṇavo idaṃ paṭhamaṃ sakyesu ibbhavādaṃ nipātesi.
那时,安拔他年轻人被世尊说为「未成就者」,愤怒、不悦,对世尊讥讽、轻蔑、辱骂,心想:「沙门果德玛将会被我所贬。」对世尊说:「果德玛尊者啊,释迦族凶暴,释迦族粗鲁,释迦族轻浮,释迦族饶舌,身为贱民的释迦族却不恭敬婆罗门,不尊重婆罗门,不敬重婆罗门,不供养婆罗门,不礼敬婆罗门。果德玛尊者啊,这真是不恰当、不合宜——这些释迦族是贱民却不恭敬、不尊重、不敬重、不供养、不礼敬婆罗门。」这样安拔他年轻人第一次对释迦族作出贱民之说。
Dutiyaibbhavādo第二傲慢论
§265
‘‘Kiṃ pana te, ambaṭṭha, sakyā aparaddhu’’nti? ‘‘Ekamidāhaṃ, bho gotama, samayaṃ ācariyassa brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa kenacideva karaṇīyena kapilavatthuṃ agamāsiṃ. Yena sakyānaṃ sandhāgāraṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃ. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā sakyā ceva sakyakumārā ca sandhāgāre uccesu āsanesu nisinnā honti aññamaññaṃ aṅgulipatodakehi sañjagghantā saṃkīḷantā, aññadatthu mamaññeva maññe anujagghantā, na maṃ koci āsanenapi nimantesi. Tayidaṃ, bho gotama, nacchannaṃ, tayidaṃ nappatirūpaṃ, yadime sakyā ibbhā santā ibbhā samānā na brāhmaṇe sakkaronti, na brāhmaṇe garuṃ karonti, na brāhmaṇe mānenti, na brāhmaṇe pūjenti, na brāhmaṇe apacāyantī’’ti. Itiha ambaṭṭho māṇavo idaṃ dutiyaṃ sakyesu ibbhavādaṃ nipātesi.
「安拔他,释迦族对你做了什么呢?」「果德玛尊者,有一次我因我老师波咖拉萨谛婆罗门的某件事去迦毕罗卫。我走到释迦族的集会堂。当时有许多释迦族人及释迦族的王子坐在集会堂高高的座位上,彼此用手指相戏弄,嬉笑玩闹,似乎是在嘲笑我,没有一人请我就座。果德玛尊者啊,这真是不恰当、不合宜——这些释迦族是贱民却不恭敬……不礼敬婆罗门。」这样安拔他年轻人第二次对释迦族作出贱民之说。
Tatiyaibbhavādo第三傲慢论
§266
‘‘Laṭukikāpi kho, ambaṭṭha, sakuṇikā sake kulāvake kāmalāpinī hoti. Sakaṃ kho panetaṃ, ambaṭṭha, sakyānaṃ yadidaṃ kapilavatthuṃ, nārahatāyasmā ambaṭṭho imāya appamattāya abhisajjitu’’nti. ‘‘Cattārome, bho gotama, vaṇṇā – khattiyā brāhmaṇā vessā suddā. Imesañhi, bho gotama, catunnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ tayo vaṇṇā – khattiyā ca vessā ca suddā ca – aññadatthu brāhmaṇasseva paricārakā sampajjanti. Tayidaṃ, bho gotama , nacchannaṃ, tayidaṃ nappatirūpaṃ, yadime sakyā ibbhā santā ibbhā samānā na brāhmaṇe sakkaronti, na brāhmaṇe garuṃ karonti, na brāhmaṇe mānenti, na brāhmaṇe pūjenti, na brāhmaṇe apacāyantī’’ti. Itiha ambaṭṭho māṇavo idaṃ tatiyaṃ sakyesu ibbhavādaṃ nipātesi.
「安拔他,连小小的鹌鹑鸟在自己的巢中也能自由啼鸣。迦毕罗卫是释迦族的故乡,安拔他你不应为这种小事发怒。」「果德玛尊者,有四种姓:刹帝利、婆罗门、吠舍、首陀罗。在这四种姓中,其余三种——刹帝利、吠舍、首陀罗——确实都只是婆罗门的仆役。果德玛尊者啊,这真是不恰当、不合宜——这些释迦族是贱民却不恭敬……不礼敬婆罗门。」这样安拔他年轻人第三次对释迦族作出贱民之说。
Dāsiputtavādo婢子论
§267
Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘atibāḷhaṃ kho ayaṃ ambaṭṭho māṇavo sakyesu ibbhavādena nimmādeti, yaṃnūnāhaṃ gottaṃ puccheyya’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kathaṃ gottosi, ambaṭṭhā’’ti? ‘‘Kaṇhāyanohamasmi, bho gotamā’’ti. Porāṇaṃ kho pana te ambaṭṭha mātāpettikaṃ nāmagottaṃ anussarato ayyaputtā sakyā bhavanti; dāsiputto tvamasi sakyānaṃ. Sakyā kho pana, ambaṭṭha, rājānaṃ okkākaṃ pitāmahaṃ dahanti.
那时,世尊心想:「这安拔他年轻人过分地用贱民之说贬损释迦族,我不如问他的姓氏。」于是世尊对安拔他年轻人说:「安拔他,你是何姓氏?」「果德玛尊者,我是康哈亚那族。」「安拔他,你若追溯你父母古老的姓氏,释迦族是主人,而你是释迦族的婢女之子。释迦族以国王奥咖咖为祖父。」
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, ambaṭṭha, rājā okkāko yā sā mahesī piyā manāpā, tassā puttassa rajjaṃ pariṇāmetukāmo jeṭṭhakumāre raṭṭhasmā pabbājesi – okkāmukhaṃ karakaṇḍaṃ hatthinikaṃ sinisūraṃ . Te raṭṭhasmā pabbājitā himavantapasse pokkharaṇiyā tīre mahāsākasaṇḍo, tattha vāsaṃ kappesuṃ. Te jātisambhedabhayā sakāhi bhaginīhi saddhiṃ saṃvāsaṃ kappesuṃ.
「安拔他,从前国王奥咖咖有一位亲爱可意的王后,他想把王位传给她的儿子,因此将长子们——奥咖目卡、咖勒甘达、哈提尼咖、西尼苏拉——从国土驱逐出去。他们被驱逐后,到雪山山麓湖畔的大柚木林中安家居住。他们因害怕血统混杂,就与自己的姊妹同居。」
‘‘Atha kho, ambaṭṭha, rājā okkāko amacce pārisajje āmantesi – ‘kahaṃ nu kho, bho, etarahi kumārā sammantī’ti? ‘Atthi, deva, himavantapasse pokkharaṇiyā tīre mahāsākasaṇḍo , tatthetarahi kumārā sammanti. Te jātisambhedabhayā sakāhi bhaginīhi saddhiṃ saṃvāsaṃ kappentī’ti. Atha kho, ambaṭṭha, rājā okkāko udānaṃ udānesi – ‘sakyā vata, bho, kumārā, paramasakyā vata, bho, kumārā’ti. Tadagge kho pana ambaṭṭha sakyā paññāyanti; so ca nesaṃ pubbapuriso.
「那时,安拔他,国王奥咖咖告诉他的大臣和眷属:『诸位,王子们现在住在哪里?』『大王,在雪山山麓湖畔的大柚木林中,王子们现在住在那里。他们因害怕血统混杂,就与自己的姊妹同居。』那时,安拔他,国王奥咖咖发出感叹说:『诸位,这些王子真是能干(释迦),真是最能干的王子啊!』从此以后,释迦族就以此为名,他是他们的祖先。」
‘‘Rañño kho pana, ambaṭṭha, okkākassa disā nāma dāsī ahosi. Sā kaṇhaṃ nāma janesi. Jāto kaṇho pabyāhāsi – ‘dhovatha maṃ, amma, nahāpetha maṃ amma, imasmā maṃ asucismā parimocetha, atthāya vo bhavissāmī’ti. Yathā kho pana ambaṭṭha etarahi manussā pisāce disvā ‘pisācā’ti sañjānanti; evameva kho, ambaṭṭha, tena kho pana samayena manussā pisāce ‘kaṇhā’ti sañjānanti. Te evamāhaṃsu – ‘ayaṃ jāto pabyāhāsi, kaṇho jāto, pisāco jāto’ti. Tadagge kho pana, ambaṭṭha kaṇhāyanā paññāyanti, so ca kaṇhāyanānaṃ pubbapuriso. Iti kho te , ambaṭṭha, porāṇaṃ mātāpettikaṃ nāmagottaṃ anussarato ayyaputtā sakyā bhavanti, dāsiputto tvamasi sakyāna’’nti.
「安拔他,国王奥咖咖有一位名叫地萨的婢女。她生了一个名叫康哈的儿子。康哈一生下来就说:『母亲,洗我吧,为我沐浴吧,从这须跋中解脱我吧。我将对你们有所助益。』安拔他,正如现今人们见到鬼就称为『鬼』,同样地,安拔他,当时人们见到鬼就称为『康哈』。他们说:『此子生下就会说话。黑子(康哈)出生了,鬼出生了。』从此以后,安拔他,康哈亚那族就以此为名,他是康哈亚那族的祖先。因此,安拔他,若追溯你父母古老的姓氏,释迦族是主人,你是释迦族的婢女之子。」
§268
Evaṃ vutte, te māṇavakā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘mā bhavaṃ gotamo ambaṭṭhaṃ atibāḷhaṃ dāsiputtavādena nimmādesi. Sujāto ca, bho gotama ambaṭṭho māṇavo, kulaputto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, bahussuto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, kalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, paṇḍito ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, pahoti ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo bhotā gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetu’’nti.
如是说时,那些年轻人对世尊说:「果德玛尊者不要过分以婢女之子说贬抑安拔他。果德玛尊者啊,安拔他年轻人是出身高贵的,是良家子,是博闻的,是善辩的,是智者,足以与果德玛尊者在此议论中对答。」
§269
Atha kho bhagavā te māṇavake etadavoca – ‘‘sace kho tumhākaṃ māṇavakānaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘dujjāto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, akulaputto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, appassuto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, akalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, duppañño ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, na ca pahoti ambaṭṭho māṇavo samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetu’nti, tiṭṭhatu ambaṭṭho māṇavo, tumhe mayā saddhiṃ mantavho asmiṃ vacane. Sace pana tumhākaṃ māṇavakānaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘sujāto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, kulaputto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, bahussuto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, kalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, paṇḍito ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, pahoti ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetu’nti, tiṭṭhatha tumhe; ambaṭṭho māṇavo mayā saddhiṃ paṭimantetū’’ti.
那时,世尊对那些年轻人说:「如果你们年轻人这样想:『安拔他年轻人出身卑微,不是良家子,少闻,不善辩,愚钝,不足以与沙门果德玛在此议论中对答。』那么让安拔他年轻人旁立,你们与我议论吧。如果你们年轻人这样想:『安拔他年轻人出身高贵,是良家子,是博闻的,是善辩的,是智者,足以与沙门果德玛对答。』那么你们旁立,让安拔他年轻人与我对答吧。」
‘‘Sujāto ca, bho gotama, ambaṭṭho māṇavo, kulaputto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, bahussuto ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, kalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, paṇḍito ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo, pahoti ca ambaṭṭho māṇavo bhotā gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetuṃ, tuṇhī mayaṃ bhavissāma, ambaṭṭho māṇavo bhotā gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetū’’ti.
「果德玛尊者,安拔他年轻人确实是出身高贵,是良家子,是博闻的,是善辩的,是智者,足以与果德玛尊者对答。我们将保持沉默,让安拔他年轻人与果德玛尊者对答。」
§270
Atha kho bhagavā ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ayaṃ kho pana te, ambaṭṭha, sahadhammiko pañho āgacchati, akāmā byākātabbo. Sace tvaṃ na byākarissasi, aññena vā aññaṃ paṭicarissasi, tuṇhī vā bhavissasi, pakkamissasi vā ettheva te sattadhā muddhā phalissati. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, kinti te sutaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ kutopabhutikā kaṇhāyanā, ko ca kaṇhāyanānaṃ pubbapuriso’’ti?
那时,世尊对安拔他年轻人说:「安拔他,我现在问你一个合法的问题,你应当回答,不愿也得答。若你不回答,或以他事答他事,或保持沉默,或离去,你的头在这里将裂成七分。安拔他,你怎么想?你曾听年长、年高、老师之师的婆罗门所说,康哈亚那族从何而来,谁是康哈亚那族的祖先?」
Evaṃ vutte, ambaṭṭho māṇavo tuṇhī ahosi. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, kinti te sutaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ kutopabhutikā kaṇhāyanā, ko ca kaṇhāyanānaṃ pubbapuriso’’ti? Dutiyampi kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo tuṇhī ahosi. Atha kho bhagavā ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘byākarohi dāni ambaṭṭha, na dāni, te tuṇhībhāvassa kālo. Yo kho, ambaṭṭha, tathāgatena yāvatatiyakaṃ sahadhammikaṃ pañhaṃ puṭṭho na byākaroti, etthevassa sattadhā muddhā phalissatī’’ti.
如是说时,安拔他年轻人沉默了。世尊第二次对安拔他年轻人说:「安拔他,你怎么想?你曾听年长、年高、老师之师的婆罗门所说,康哈亚那族从何而来,谁是康哈亚那族的祖先?」安拔他年轻人第二次也沉默。那时,世尊对安拔他年轻人说:「安拔他,现在回答吧,现在不是沉默的时候。若有人被如来合法地问到第三次仍不回答,他的头就会在此裂成七分。」
§271
Tena kho pana samayena vajirapāṇī yakkho mahantaṃ ayokūṭaṃ ādāya ādittaṃ sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ ambaṭṭhassa māṇavassa upari vehāsaṃ ṭhito hoti – ‘‘sacāyaṃ ambaṭṭho māṇavo bhagavatā yāvatatiyakaṃ sahadhammikaṃ pañhaṃ puṭṭho na byākarissati, etthevassa sattadhā muddhaṃ phālessāmī’’ti. Taṃ kho pana vajirapāṇiṃ yakkhaṃ bhagavā ceva passati ambaṭṭho ca māṇavo.
那时,金刚手亚卡手持燃烧炽盛、火光熊熊的大铁杵,在安拔他年轻人上空虚空中立,心想:「若这安拔他年轻人被世尊合法地问到第三次仍不回答,我就在此把他的头打成七分。」这金刚手亚卡,世尊看得见,安拔他年轻人也看得见。
§272
Atha kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo bhīto saṃviggo lomahaṭṭhajāto bhagavantaṃyeva tāṇaṃ gavesī bhagavantaṃyeva leṇaṃ gavesī bhagavantaṃyeva saraṇaṃ gavesī – upanisīditvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kimetaṃ bhavaṃ gotamo āha? Punabhavaṃ gotamo bravitū’’ti .
那时,安拔他年轻人恐惧、战栗、毛发竖立,唯寻求世尊为庇护,唯寻求世尊为依止,唯寻求世尊为归依,近坐而对世尊说:「果德玛尊者说什么?请果德玛尊者再说一次。」
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, kinti te sutaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ kutopabhutikā kaṇhāyanā, ko ca kaṇhāyanānaṃ pubbapuriso’’ti? ‘‘Evameva me, bho gotama, sutaṃ yatheva bhavaṃ gotamo āha. Tatopabhutikā kaṇhāyanā; so ca kaṇhāyanānaṃ pubbapuriso’’ti.
「安拔他,你怎么想?你曾听年长、年高、老师之师的婆罗门所说,康哈亚那族从何而来,谁是康哈亚那族的祖先?」「果德玛尊者,正如您所说,我也这样听说。康哈亚那族是从那里来的,他是康哈亚那族的祖先。」
Ambaṭṭhavaṃsakathā阿摩德种姓论
§273
Evaṃ vutte, te māṇavakā unnādino uccāsaddamahāsaddā ahesuṃ – ‘‘dujjāto kira, bho, ambaṭṭho māṇavo; akulaputto kira, bho, ambaṭṭho māṇavo; dāsiputto kira, bho, ambaṭṭho māṇavo sakyānaṃ. Ayyaputtā kira, bho, ambaṭṭhassa māṇavassa sakyā bhavanti. Dhammavādiṃyeva kira mayaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ apasādetabbaṃ amaññimhā’’ti.
如是说时,那些年轻人大声喧哗:「诸位,据说安拔他年轻人出身卑微,不是良家子,是释迦族的婢女之子。释迦族竟是安拔他年轻人的主人。我们原以为沙门果德玛只是法说,本应反驳他。」
§274
Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘atibāḷhaṃ kho ime māṇavakā ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ dāsiputtavādena nimmādenti, yaṃnūnāhaṃ parimoceyya’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā te māṇavake etadavoca – ‘‘mā kho tumhe, māṇavakā, ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ atibāḷhaṃ dāsiputtavādena nimmādetha. Uḷāro so kaṇho isi ahosi. So dakkhiṇajanapadaṃ gantvā brahmamante adhīyitvā rājānaṃ okkākaṃ upasaṅkamitvā maddarūpiṃ dhītaraṃ yāci. Tassa rājā okkāko – ‘ko nevaṃ re ayaṃ mayhaṃ dāsiputto samāno maddarūpiṃ dhītaraṃ yācatī’’’ ti, kupito anattamano khurappaṃ sannayhi . So taṃ khurappaṃ neva asakkhi muñcituṃ, no paṭisaṃharituṃ.
那时,世尊心想:「这些年轻人过分地用婢女之子说贬抑安拔他年轻人,我不如解救他。」那时,世尊对那些年轻人说:「诸位年轻人,你们不要过分以婢女之子说贬抑安拔他年轻人。那康哈是一位大仙人。他去南方国土学习了婆罗门咒语之后,来到国王奥咖咖前,请求娶王的公主玛达茹宾。国王奥咖咖说:『这家伙是什么人?这个婢女之子竟敢请求我的公主玛达茹宾!』愤怒不悦,挽起弓箭。他既不能射出那箭,也不能收回。」
‘‘Atha kho, māṇavakā, amaccā pārisajjā kaṇhaṃ isiṃ upasaṅkamitvā etadavocuṃ – ‘sotthi, bhaddante , hotu rañño; sotthi, bhaddante, hotu rañño’ti. ‘Sotthi bhavissati rañño, api ca rājā yadi adho khurappaṃ muñcissati, yāvatā rañño vijitaṃ, ettāvatā pathavī undriyissatī’ti. ‘Sotthi, bhaddante, hotu rañño, sotthi janapadassā’ti. ‘Sotthi bhavissati rañño, sotthi janapadassa, api ca rājā yadi uddhaṃ khurappaṃ muñcissati, yāvatā rañño vijitaṃ, ettāvatā satta vassāni devo na vassissatī’ti. ‘Sotthi, bhaddante, hotu rañño sotthi janapadassa devo ca vassatū’ti. ‘Sotthi bhavissati rañño sotthi janapadassa devo ca vassissati, api ca rājā jeṭṭhakumāre khurappaṃ patiṭṭhāpetu, sotthi kumāro pallomo bhavissatī’ti. Atha kho, māṇavakā, amaccā okkākassa ārocesuṃ – ‘okkāko jeṭṭhakumāre khurappaṃ patiṭṭhāpetu. Sotthi kumāro pallomo bhavissatī’ti. Atha kho rājā okkāko jeṭṭhakumāre khurappaṃ patiṭṭhapesi, sotthi kumāro pallomo samabhavi. Atha kho tassa rājā okkāko bhīto saṃviggo lomahaṭṭhajāto brahmadaṇḍena tajjito maddarūpiṃ dhītaraṃ adāsi. Mā kho tumhe, māṇavakā, ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ atibāḷhaṃ dāsiputtavādena nimmādetha, uḷāro so kaṇho isi ahosī’’ti.
「那时,诸位年轻人,大臣和眷属走近康哈仙人说:『尊者,愿大王平安,愿大王平安。』『大王将会平安,但若大王向下射出此箭,那么王领土范围内的大地都将裂开。』『尊者,愿大王平安,愿国土平安。』『大王将会平安,国土将会平安,但若大王向上射出此箭,那么王领土范围内七年不会下雨。』『尊者,愿大王平安,愿国土平安,愿天降雨。』『大王将会平安,国土将会平安,天将降雨,但请大王将箭指向长子,长子将会平安无恙。』那时,诸位年轻人,大臣们禀告奥咖咖:『请奥咖咖王将箭对准长子。长子将会平安无恙。』那时,国王奥咖咖将箭对准长子,长子平安无恙。那时,国王奥咖咖恐惧、战栗、毛发竖立,被梵罚所慑服,把公主玛达茹宾给了康哈。诸位年轻人,你们不要过分以婢女之子说贬抑安拔他年轻人,那康哈是一位大仙人。」
Khattiyaseṭṭhabhāvo刹帝利最胜性
§275
Atha kho bhagavā ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, idha khattiyakumāro brāhmaṇakaññāya saddhiṃ saṃvāsaṃ kappeyya, tesaṃ saṃvāsamanvāya putto jāyetha. Yo so khattiyakumārena brāhmaṇakaññāya putto uppanno, api nu so labhetha brāhmaṇesu āsanaṃ vā udakaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Labhetha, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinu naṃ brāhmaṇā bhojeyyuṃ saddhe vā thālipāke vā yaññe vā pāhune vā’’ti? ‘‘Bhojeyyuṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinu naṃ brāhmaṇā mante vāceyyuṃ vā no vā’’ti? ‘‘Vāceyyuṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinussa itthīsu āvaṭaṃ vā assa anāvaṭaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Anāvaṭaṃ hissa, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinu naṃ khattiyā khattiyābhisekena abhisiñceyyu’’nti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Taṃ kissa hetu’’? ‘‘Mātito hi, bho gotama, anupapanno’’ti.
那时,世尊告诉安拔他年轻人:「安拔他,你怎么想?若一位刹帝利青年与一位婆罗门女同居,从彼等同居生一子。这个由刹帝利青年与婆罗门女所生的儿子,能在婆罗门中得座位或水吗?」「能得,果德玛尊者。」「婆罗门会在供祭、供食、祭祀、宴会中让他进食吗?」「会让他进食,果德玛尊者。」「婆罗门会给他传咒语吗?」「会传,果德玛尊者。」「在他们的女子中对他是禁闭还是开放?」「是开放的,果德玛尊者。」「刹帝利会以刹帝利灌顶为他灌顶吗?」「不会,果德玛尊者。」「为什么?」「因为从母系说,他不合格,果德玛尊者。」
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, idha brāhmaṇakumāro khattiyakaññāya saddhiṃ saṃvāsaṃ kappeyya, tesaṃ saṃvāsamanvāya putto jāyetha. Yo so brāhmaṇakumārena khattiyakaññāya putto uppanno, apinu so labhetha brāhmaṇesu āsanaṃ vā udakaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Labhetha, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinu naṃ brāhmaṇā bhojeyyuṃ saddhe vā thālipāke vā yaññe vā pāhune vā’’ti? ‘‘Bhojeyyuṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinu naṃ brāhmaṇā mante vāceyyuṃ vā no vā’’ti? ‘‘Vāceyyuṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinussa itthīsu āvaṭaṃ vā assa anāvaṭaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Anāvaṭaṃ hissa, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinu naṃ khattiyā khattiyābhisekena abhisiñceyyu’’nti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Taṃ kissa hetu’’? ‘‘Pitito hi, bho gotama, anupapanno’’ti.
「安拔他,你怎么想?若一位婆罗门青年与一位刹帝利女同居,从彼等同居生一子。这个由婆罗门青年与刹帝利女所生的儿子,能在婆罗门中得座位或水吗?」「能得,果德玛尊者。」「婆罗门会在供祭、供食、祭祀、宴会中让他进食吗?」「会让他进食,果德玛尊者。」「婆罗门会给他传咒语吗?」「会传,果德玛尊者。」「在女子中对他是禁闭还是开放?」「是开放的,果德玛尊者。」「刹帝利会以刹帝利灌顶为他灌顶吗?」「不会,果德玛尊者。」「为什么?」「因为从父系说,他不合格,果德玛尊者。」
§276
‘‘Iti kho, ambaṭṭha, itthiyā vā itthiṃ karitvā purisena vā purisaṃ karitvā khattiyāva seṭṭhā, hīnā brāhmaṇā. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, idha brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ kismiñcideva pakaraṇe khuramuṇḍaṃ karitvā bhassapuṭena vadhitvā raṭṭhā vā nagarā vā pabbājeyyuṃ. Apinu so labhetha brāhmaṇesu āsanaṃ vā udakaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’ . ‘‘Apinu naṃ brāhmaṇā bhojeyyuṃ saddhe vā thālipāke vā yaññe vā pāhune vā’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinu naṃ brāhmaṇā mante vāceyyuṃ vā no vā’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinussa itthīsu āvaṭaṃ vā assa anāvaṭaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Āvaṭaṃ hissa, bho gotama’’.
「这样,安拔他,无论从女方或男方来看,刹帝利是最高的,婆罗门是低下的。安拔他,你怎么想?若婆罗门因某种事情剃光某位婆罗门的头,用灰袋击打,从国土或城镇驱逐,他还能在婆罗门中得座位或水吗?」「不能,果德玛尊者。」「婆罗门会在供祭、供食、祭祀、宴会中让他进食吗?」「不会,果德玛尊者。」「婆罗门会给他传咒语吗?」「不会,果德玛尊者。」「在女子中对他是禁闭还是开放?」「是禁闭的,果德玛尊者。」
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, idha khattiyā khattiyaṃ kismiñcideva pakaraṇe khuramuṇḍaṃ karitvā bhassapuṭena vadhitvā raṭṭhā vā nagarā vā pabbājeyyuṃ. Apinu so labhetha brāhmaṇesu āsanaṃ vā udakaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Labhetha, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinu naṃ brāhmaṇā bhojeyyuṃ saddhe vā thālipāke vā yaññe vā pāhune vā’’ti? ‘‘Bhojeyyuṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinu naṃ brāhmaṇā mante vāceyyuṃ vā no vā’’ti? ‘‘Vāceyyuṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘‘Apinussa itthīsu āvaṭaṃ vā assa anāvaṭaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Anāvaṭaṃ hissa, bho gotama’’.
「安拔他,你怎么想?若刹帝利因某种事情剃光某位刹帝利的头,用灰袋击打,从国土或城镇驱逐,他还能在婆罗门中得座位或水吗?」「能得,果德玛尊者。」「婆罗门会在供祭、供食、祭祀、宴会中让他进食吗?」「会让他进食,果德玛尊者。」「婆罗门会给他传咒语吗?」「会传,果德玛尊者。」「在女子中对他是禁闭还是开放?」「是开放的,果德玛尊者。」
§277
‘‘Ettāvatā kho, ambaṭṭha, khattiyo paramanihīnataṃ patto hoti, yadeva naṃ khattiyā khuramuṇḍaṃ karitvā bhassapuṭena vadhitvā raṭṭhā vā nagarā vā pabbājenti. Iti kho, ambaṭṭha, yadā khattiyo paramanihīnataṃ patto hoti, tadāpi khattiyāva seṭṭhā, hīnā brāhmaṇā. Brahmunā pesā, ambaṭṭha , sanaṅkumārena gāthā bhāsitā –
「安拔他,以此量度,刹帝利即使达到最卑下的地步——就是被刹帝利剃头、用灰袋击打、从国土或城镇驱逐——这样,安拔他,即使刹帝利达到最卑下的地步,刹帝利仍是最高的,婆罗门是低下的。安拔他,常童梵天曾说过此偈——」
‘Khattiyo seṭṭho janetasmiṃ,
「『刹帝利于种姓中为最胜,」
Ye gottapaṭisārino;
是彼等依氏族者;
Vijjācaraṇasampanno,
明行具足者,
So seṭṭho devamānuse’ti.
於人天中最胜。』」
‘‘Sā kho panesā, ambaṭṭha, brahmunā sanaṅkumārena gāthā sugītā no duggītā, subhāsitā no dubbhāsitā, atthasaṃhitā no anatthasaṃhitā, anumatā mayā. Ahampi hi, ambaṭṭha, evaṃ vadāmi –
「安拔他,这常童梵天所说之偈是善唱非恶唱,是善说非恶说,是有义非无义,我也赞同。安拔他,我也这样说——」
‘Khattiyo seṭṭho janetasmiṃ,
「『刹帝利于种姓中为最胜,
Ye gottapaṭisārino;
是彼等依氏族者;
Vijjācaraṇasampanno,
明行具足者,
So seṭṭho devamānuse’ti.
於人天中最胜。』」
Bhāṇavāro paṭhamo. · 诵品第一
Vijjācaraṇakathā明行论
§278
‘‘Katamaṃ pana taṃ, bho gotama, caraṇaṃ, katamā ca pana sā vijjā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, ambaṭṭha, anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya jātivādo vā vuccati, gottavādo vā vuccati, mānavādo vā vuccati – ‘arahasi vā maṃ tvaṃ, na vā maṃ tvaṃ arahasī’ti. Yattha kho, ambaṭṭha, āvāho vā hoti, vivāho vā hoti, āvāhavivāho vā hoti, etthetaṃ vuccati jātivādo vā itipi gottavādo vā itipi mānavādo vā itipi – ‘arahasi vā maṃ tvaṃ, na vā maṃ tvaṃ arahasī’ti. Ye hi keci ambaṭṭha jātivādavinibaddhā vā gottavādavinibaddhā vā mānavādavinibaddhā vā āvāhavivāhavinibaddhā vā, ārakā te anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya. Pahāya kho, ambaṭṭha, jātivādavinibaddhañca gottavādavinibaddhañca mānavādavinibaddhañca āvāhavivāhavinibaddhañca anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya sacchikiriyā hotī’’ti.
「果德玛尊者,什么是行,什么是明?」「安拔他,在无上明行具足中,不说出身论,不说种姓论,不说骄慢论——『你配我,你不配我。』安拔他,凡有婚嫁、迎娶、婚礼,那里才说出身论、种姓论、骄慢论——『你配我,你不配我。』安拔他,凡被出身论所缚、种姓论所缚、骄慢论所缚、婚嫁论所缚者,他们远离无上明行具足。安拔他,舍弃出身论所缚、种姓论所缚、骄慢论所缚、婚嫁论所缚,才能证得无上明行具足。」
§279
‘‘Katamaṃ pana taṃ, bho gotama, caraṇaṃ, katamā ca sā vijjā’’ti? ‘‘Idha, ambaṭṭha, tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā. So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Taṃ dhammaṃ suṇāti gahapati vā gahapatiputto vā aññatarasmiṃ vā kule paccājāto. So taṃ dhammaṃ sutvā tathāgate saddhaṃ paṭilabhati. So tena saddhāpaṭilābhena samannāgato iti paṭisañcikkhati…pe… (yathā 191 ādayo anucchedā, evaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ).…
「果德玛尊者,什么是行,什么是明?」「安拔他,如来出现于世间,是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行具足、善至、世间解、无上士调御丈夫、天人导师、佛陀、世尊。他通过自己的证知而宣说这个世界连同诸天、魔、梵,连同沙门婆罗门、天人众。他演说初善、中善、后善、有义、有文、完全圆满清净的梵行之法。居士或居士之子或另一家族生者听此法。他听此法后,对如来得信。他得此信具足后,如是思虑……乃至……(如191等文段,应当如此广说)……」
‘‘So vivicceva kāmehi, vivicca akusalehi dhammehi, savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati…pe… idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ.
「他离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻有伺,有由离生的喜乐,进入并安住初禅。……这也是他的行。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, ambaṭṭha, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati…pe… idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ.
「安拔他,复次,比库寻伺止息,内净,心一境性,无寻无伺,有由定生的喜乐,进入并安住第二禅。……这也是他的行。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, ambaṭṭha, bhikkhu pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato ca sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti, tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati…pe… idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ.
「安拔他,复次,比库离喜而住舍,正念正知,身受乐——就是圣者所说的『舍念乐住』——进入并安住第三禅。……这也是他的行。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, ambaṭṭha, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā, pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati…pe… idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ. Idaṃ kho taṃ, ambaṭṭha, caraṇaṃ.
「安拔他,复次,比库舍断乐、舍断苦,先前的喜与忧已灭,不苦不乐,舍念清净,进入并安住第四禅。……这也是他的行。安拔他,这就是那行。」
‘‘So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte ñāṇadassanāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti…pe… idampissa hoti vijjāya…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāti, idampissa hoti vijjāya. Ayaṃ kho sā, ambaṭṭha, vijjā.
「他如是心得定、清净、明净、无秽、离诸随烦恼、柔软、堪任、安住、得不动,将心引向智见……乃至……了知『不再有后有』——这也是他的明。安拔他,这就是那明。」
‘‘Ayaṃ vuccati, ambaṭṭha, bhikkhu ‘vijjāsampanno’ itipi, ‘caraṇasampanno’ itipi, ‘vijjācaraṇasampanno’ itipi. Imāya ca ambaṭṭha vijjāsampadāya caraṇasampadāya ca aññā vijjāsampadā ca caraṇasampadā ca uttaritarā vā paṇītatarā vā natthi.
「安拔他,这称为比库为『明具足』、『行具足』、『明行具足』。安拔他,除此明具足和行具足之外,没有其他更高或更殊胜的明具足和行具足了。」
Catuapāyamukhaṃ四恶趣门
§280
‘‘Imāya kho, ambaṭṭha, anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya cattāri apāyamukhāni bhavanti. Katamāni cattāri? Idha, ambaṭṭha, ekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā imaññeva anuttaraṃ vijjācaraṇasampadaṃ anabhisambhuṇamāno khārividhamādāya araññāyatanaṃ ajjhogāhati – ‘pavattaphalabhojano bhavissāmī’ti. So aññadatthu vijjācaraṇasampannasseva paricārako sampajjati. Imāya kho, ambaṭṭha, anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya idaṃ paṭhamaṃ apāyamukhaṃ bhavati.
「安拔他,在这无上明行具足中,有四种衰败之门。何等为四?安拔他,这里有某些沙门或婆罗门,不能证得这无上明行具足,就拿着担具进入林野,心想:『我将以落果为食。』他只成为明行具足者的仆役。安拔他,这是无上明行具足的第一种衰败之门。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, ambaṭṭha, idhekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā imañceva anuttaraṃ vijjācaraṇasampadaṃ anabhisambhuṇamāno pavattaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno kudālapiṭakaṃ ādāya araññavanaṃ ajjhogāhati – ‘kandamūlaphalabhojano bhavissāmī’ti. So aññadatthu vijjācaraṇasampannasseva paricārako sampajjati. Imāya kho, ambaṭṭha, anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya idaṃ dutiyaṃ apāyamukhaṃ bhavati.
「安拔他,复次,某些沙门或婆罗门不能证得这无上明行具足,不能以落果为食,就拿着锄头和篓子进入林野,心想:『我将以根茎果实为食。』他只成为明行具足者的仆役。安拔他,这是无上明行具足的第二种衰败之门。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, ambaṭṭha, idhekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā imañceva anuttaraṃ vijjācaraṇasampadaṃ anabhisambhuṇamāno pavattaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno kandamūlaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno gāmasāmantaṃ vā nigamasāmantaṃ vā agyāgāraṃ karitvā aggiṃ paricaranto acchati. So aññadatthu vijjācaraṇasampannasseva paricārako sampajjati. Imāya kho, ambaṭṭha, anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya idaṃ tatiyaṃ apāyamukhaṃ bhavati.
「安拔他,复次,某些沙门或婆罗门不能证得这无上明行具足,不能以落果为食,不能以根茎果实为食,就在村落附近或市镇附近建造火堂,事火而住。他只成为明行具足者的仆役。安拔他,这是无上明行具足的第三种衰败之门。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, ambaṭṭha, idhekacco samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā imaṃ ceva anuttaraṃ vijjācaraṇasampadaṃ anabhisambhuṇamāno pavattaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno kandamūlaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno aggipāricariyañca anabhisambhuṇamāno cātumahāpathe catudvāraṃ agāraṃ karitvā acchati – ‘yo imāhi catūhi disāhi āgamissati samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā, tamahaṃ yathāsatti yathābalaṃ paṭipūjessāmī’ti. So aññadatthu vijjācaraṇasampannasseva paricārako sampajjati. Imāya kho, ambaṭṭha, anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya idaṃ catutthaṃ apāyamukhaṃ bhavati. Imāya kho, ambaṭṭha, anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya imāni cattāri apāyamukhāni bhavanti.
「安拔他,复次,某些沙门或婆罗门不能证得这无上明行具足,不能以落果为食,不能以根茎果实为食,不能事火,就在四方大道上建造四门之屋而住,心想:『凡从四方来的沙门或婆罗门,我将尽力供养。』他只成为明行具足者的仆役。安拔他,这是无上明行具足的第四种衰败之门。安拔他,这就是无上明行具足的四种衰败之门。」
§281
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, apinu tvaṃ imāya anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya sandissasi sācariyako’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’. ‘Kocāhaṃ, bho gotama, sācariyako, kā ca anuttarā vijjācaraṇasampadā? Ārakāhaṃ, bho gotama, anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya sācariyako’’ti.
「安拔他,你怎么想?你连同你的老师在这无上明行具足中有任何成就吗?」「果德玛尊者,没有。果德玛尊者,我和我的老师算什么,哪里谈得上无上明行具足?我和我的老师远离无上明行具足。」
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, apinu tvaṃ imañceva anuttaraṃ vijjācaraṇasampadaṃ anabhisambhuṇamāno khārividhamādāya araññavanamajjhogāhasi sācariyako – ‘pavattaphalabhojano bhavissāmī’’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
「安拔他,你怎么想?你连同你的老师,不能证得这无上明行具足,可曾拿着担具进入林野,心想:『我将以落果为食』?」「没有,果德玛尊者。」
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, apinu tvaṃ imañceva anuttaraṃ vijjācaraṇasampadaṃ anabhisambhuṇamāno pavattaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno kudālapiṭakaṃ ādāya araññavanamajjhogāhasi sācariyako – ‘kandamūlaphalabhojano bhavissāmī’’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
「安拔他,你怎么想?你连同你的老师,不能证得这无上明行具足,不能以落果为食,可曾拿着锄头和篓子进入林野,心想:『我将以根茎果实为食』?」「没有,果德玛尊者。」
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, apinu tvaṃ imañceva anuttaraṃ vijjācaraṇasampadaṃ anabhisambhuṇamāno pavattaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno kandamūlaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno gāmasāmantaṃ vā nigamasāmantaṃ vā agyāgāraṃ karitvā aggiṃ paricaranto acchasi sācariyako’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
「安拔他,你怎么想?你连同你的老师,不能证得这无上明行具足,不能以落果为食,不能以根茎果实为食,可曾在村落附近或市镇附近建造火堂而事火?」「没有,果德玛尊者。」
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, apinu tvaṃ imañceva anuttaraṃ vijjācaraṇasampadaṃ anabhisambhuṇamāno pavattaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno kandamūlaphalabhojanatañca anabhisambhuṇamāno aggipāricariyañca anabhisambhuṇamāno cātumahāpathe catudvāraṃ agāraṃ karitvā acchasi sācariyako – ‘yo imāhi catūhi disāhi āgamissati samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā, taṃ mayaṃ yathāsatti yathābalaṃ paṭipūjessāmā’’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
「安拔他,你怎么想?你连同你的老师,不能证得这无上明行具足,不能以落果为食,不能以根茎果实为食,不能事火,可曾在四方大道上建造四门之屋,心想:『凡从四方来的沙门或婆罗门,我们将尽力供养』?」「没有,果德玛尊者。」
§282
‘‘Iti kho, ambaṭṭha, imāya ceva tvaṃ anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya parihīno sācariyako. Ye cime anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya cattāri apāyamukhāni bhavanti , tato ca tvaṃ parihīno sācariyako. Bhāsitā kho pana te esā, ambaṭṭha, ācariyena brāhmaṇena pokkharasātinā vācā – ‘ke ca muṇḍakā samaṇakā ibbhā kaṇhā bandhupādāpaccā, kā ca tevijjānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ sākacchā’ti attanā āpāyikopi aparipūramāno. Passa, ambaṭṭha, yāva aparaddhañca te idaṃ ācariyassa brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa.
「这样,安拔他,你连同你的老师,从这无上明行具足中衰败。这无上明行具足的四种衰败之门,你连同你的老师也从中衰败。安拔他,而你的老师波咖拉萨谛婆罗门曾说此语:『那些秃头沙门、贱民、黑人、从梵天足下出生的贱种,他们怎能与三明婆罗门对谈?』他自己也是堕入者而未圆满。看,安拔他,你的老师波咖拉萨谛婆罗门犯了多大的错。」
Pubbakaisibhāvānuyogo过去仙人性之问
§283
‘‘Brāhmaṇo kho pana, ambaṭṭha, pokkharasāti rañño pasenadissa kosalassa dattikaṃ bhuñjati. Tassa rājā pasenadi kosalo sammukhībhāvampi na dadāti. Yadāpi tena manteti, tirodussantena manteti. Yassa kho pana, ambaṭṭha, dhammikaṃ payātaṃ bhikkhaṃ paṭiggaṇheyya, kathaṃ tassa rājā pasenadi kosalo sammukhībhāvampi na dadeyya. Passa, ambaṭṭha, yāva aparaddhañca te idaṃ ācariyassa brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa.
「安拔他,波咖拉萨谛婆罗门享受着国萨拉国王巴谢那地的赐赠。而巴谢那地王不让他当面相见。即使王与他议事,也只能隔着帘幕议事。安拔他,为什么凡是接受他如法托钵所得食物的人,巴谢那地王都不让他当面相见呢?看,安拔他,你的老师波咖拉萨谛婆罗门犯了多大的错。」
§284
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, idha rājā pasenadi kosalo hatthigīvāya vā nisinno assapiṭṭhe vā nisinno rathūpatthare vā ṭhito uggehi vā rājaññehi vā kiñcideva mantanaṃ manteyya. So tamhā padesā apakkamma ekamantaṃ tiṭṭheyya. Atha āgaccheyya suddo vā suddadāso vā, tasmiṃ padese ṭhito tadeva mantanaṃ manteyya – ‘evampi rājā pasenadi kosalo āha, evampi rājā pasenadi kosalo āhā’ti. Apinu so rājabhaṇitaṃ vā bhaṇati rājamantanaṃ vā manteti? Ettāvatā so assa rājā vā rājamatto vā’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
「安拔他,你怎么想?若巴谢那地王坐在象颈上,或坐在马背上,或立于车毡上,与某些大将或王族商议什么事情。然后王离开那地方立在一旁。那时,若一位首陀罗或首陀罗的奴隶来到那地方,立在那里说同样的议事话:『巴谢那地王也这样说,巴谢那地王也这样说。』他说的是王言或王议吗?就此而言,他能成为王或王族吗?」「不能,果德玛尊者。」
§285
‘‘Evameva kho tvaṃ, ambaṭṭha, ye te ahesuṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ pubbakā isayo mantānaṃ kattāro mantānaṃ pavattāro, yesamidaṃ etarahi brāhmaṇā porāṇaṃ mantapadaṃ gītaṃ pavuttaṃ samihitaṃ, tadanugāyanti tadanubhāsanti bhāsitamanubhāsanti vācitamanuvācenti, seyyathidaṃ – aṭṭhako vāmako vāmadevo vessāmitto yamataggi aṅgīraso bhāradvājo vāseṭṭho kassapo bhagu – ‘tyāhaṃ mante adhiyāmi sācariyako’ti, tāvatā tvaṃ bhavissasi isi vā isitthāya vā paṭipannoti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
「安拔他,同样,那些古婆罗门的仙人、咒语的创作者、咒语的传承者——他们所作的古老咒语文句,如今的婆罗门以歌唱、以诵读、以传承、以教授传承下来,即:阿陀迦、瓦摩迦、瓦摩天、威萨密陀、亚玛达奇、盎基勒萨、跋罗堕闍、瓦谢陀、迦叶、跋古——你说:『我连同老师学习他们的咒语。』仅凭此你就会成为仙人或仙人的追随者,这是须跋的。」
§286
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ambaṭṭha, kinti te sutaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ vuddhānaṃ mahallakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ – ye te ahesuṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ pubbakā isayo mantānaṃ kattāro mantānaṃ pavattāro, yesamidaṃ etarahi brāhmaṇā porāṇaṃ mantapadaṃ gītaṃ pavuttaṃ samihitaṃ, tadanugāyanti tadanubhāsanti bhāsitamanubhāsanti vācitamanuvācenti, seyyathidaṃ – aṭṭhako vāmako vāmadevo vessāmitto yamataggi aṅgīraso bhāradvājo vāseṭṭho kassapo bhagu, evaṃ su te sunhātā suvilittā kappitakesamassū āmukkamaṇikuṇḍalābharaṇā odātavatthavasanā pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappitā samaṅgībhūtā paricārenti, seyyathāpi tvaṃ etarahi sācariyako’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
「安拔他,你怎么想?你曾听年长、年高、老师之师的婆罗门所说——那些古婆罗门的仙人、咒语的创作者、咒语的传承者,其咒语如今的婆罗门以歌唱、诵读、传承、教授传下,即:阿陀迦、瓦摩迦、瓦摩天、威萨密陀、亚玛达奇、盎基勒萨、跋罗堕闍、瓦谢陀、迦叶、跋古——他们可曾像你现在这样沐浴涂香、修饰头发胡须、佩戴珠宝耳环、穿着白衣、具足五欲、享受欲乐?」「没有,果德玛尊者。」
‘‘…Pe… evaṃ su te sālīnaṃ odanaṃ sucimaṃsūpasecanaṃ vicitakāḷakaṃ anekasūpaṃ anekabyañjanaṃ paribhuñjanti, seyyathāpi tvaṃ etarahi sācariyako’’ti ? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
「……乃至……他们可曾享用纯白米饭、净肉调味、多种汤羹、多种菜肴,像你现在这样?」「没有,果德玛尊者。」
‘‘…Pe… evaṃ su te veṭhakanatapassāhi nārīhi paricārenti, seyyathāpi tvaṃ etarahi sācariyako’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
「……乃至……他们可曾被腰带紧束的女子须跋享乐,像你现在这样?」「没有,果德玛尊者。」
‘‘…Pe… evaṃ su te kuttavālehi vaḷavārathehi dīghāhi patodalaṭṭhīhi vāhane vitudentā vipariyāyanti, seyyathāpi tvaṃ etarahi sācariyako’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
「……乃至……他们可曾乘坐母马所驾之车,持长鞭击打车乘而巡游,像你现在这样?」「没有,果德玛尊者。」
‘‘…Pe… evaṃ su te ukkiṇṇaparikhāsu okkhittapalighāsu nagarūpakārikāsu dīghāsivudhehi purisehi rakkhāpenti, seyyathāpi tvaṃ etarahi sācariyako’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama’’.
「……乃至……他们可曾在深沟高垒的城堡中,被持长剑的人守卫,像你现在这样?」「没有,果德玛尊者。」
‘‘Iti kho, ambaṭṭha, neva tvaṃ isi na isitthāya paṭipanno sācariyako. Yassa kho pana, ambaṭṭha, mayi kaṅkhā vā vimati vā so maṃ pañhena, ahaṃ veyyākaraṇena sodhissāmī’’ti.
「这样,安拔他,你和你的老师既不是仙人,也不是成就为仙人者。安拔他,凡对我有疑或惑者,可以问我,我会以回答为他解答。」
Dvelakkhaṇādassanaṃ三十二相之见
§287
Atha kho bhagavā vihārā nikkhamma caṅkamaṃ abbhuṭṭhāsi. Ambaṭṭhopi māṇavo vihārā nikkhamma caṅkamaṃ abbhuṭṭhāsi. Atha kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo bhagavantaṃ caṅkamantaṃ anucaṅkamamāno bhagavato kāye dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni samannesi. Addasā kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo bhagavato kāye dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni yebhuyyena ṭhapetvā dve . Dvīsu mahāpurisalakkhaṇesu kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati – kosohite ca vatthaguyhe pahūtajivhatāya ca.
那时,世尊从精舍出来,开始经行。安拔他年轻人也从精舍出来,开始经行。那时,安拔他年轻人随着世尊经行,寻察世尊身上的三十二大人相。安拔他年轻人大部分看见了世尊身上的三十二大人相,除了两种。对那两种大人相,他怀疑、犹豫、不决、不信——就是阴藏相和广长舌相。
§288
Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘passati kho me ayaṃ ambaṭṭho māṇavo dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni yebhuyyena ṭhapetvā dve. Dvīsu mahāpurisalakkhaṇesu kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati – kosohite ca vatthaguyhe pahūtajivhatāya cā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsi yathā addasa ambaṭṭho māṇavo bhagavato kosohitaṃ vatthaguyhaṃ. Atha kho bhagavā jivhaṃ ninnāmetvā ubhopi kaṇṇasotāni anumasi paṭimasi, ubhopi nāsikasotāni anumasi paṭimasi, kevalampi nalāṭamaṇḍalaṃ jivhāya chādesi. Atha kho ambaṭṭhassa māṇavassa etadahosi – ‘‘samannāgato kho samaṇo gotamo dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi paripuṇṇehi, no aparipuṇṇehī’’ti. Bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘handa ca dāni mayaṃ, bho gotama, gacchāma, bahukiccā mayaṃ bahukaraṇīyā’’ti . ‘‘Yassadāni tvaṃ, ambaṭṭha, kālaṃ maññasī’’ti. Atha kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo vaḷavārathamāruyha pakkāmi.
那时,世尊心想:「这安拔他年轻人看见了我大部分的三十二大人相,除了两种。对那两种大人相,他怀疑、犹豫、不决、不信——就是阴藏相和广长舌相。」那时,世尊作如是神变:安拔他年轻人看见了世尊的阴藏相。世尊伸出舌头,触及双耳孔,触及双鼻孔,以舌覆盖整个额面。那时,安拔他年轻人心想:「沙门果德玛完全具足三十二大人相,无一不备。」对世尊说:「果德玛尊者,我现在可以离去了,我有许多事务要办。」「安拔他,现在是你时候了。」那时,安拔他年轻人登上母马拉的车乘离去。
§289
Tena kho pana samayena brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti ukkaṭṭhāya nikkhamitvā mahatā brāhmaṇagaṇena saddhiṃ sake ārāme nisinno hoti ambaṭṭhaṃyeva māṇavaṃ paṭimānento. Atha kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo yena sako ārāmo tena pāyāsi. Yāvatikā yānassa bhūmi, yānena gantvā yānā paccorohitvā pattikova yena brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā brāhmaṇaṃ pokkharasātiṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
那时,波咖拉萨谛婆罗门已出伍咖达城,与大批婆罗门众一同在自己的园中坐着,等候安拔他年轻人。那时,安拔他年轻人前往自己的园中。他乘车到能通车的地方,下车后步行走到波咖拉萨谛婆罗门处。走近后,向波咖拉萨谛婆罗门顶礼,坐在一旁。
§290
Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti etadavoca – ‘‘kacci, tāta ambaṭṭha, addasa taṃ bhavantaṃ gotama’’nti? ‘‘Addasāma kho mayaṃ, bho, taṃ bhavantaṃ gotama’’nti. ‘‘Kacci, tāta ambaṭṭha, taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ tathā santaṃyeva saddo abbhuggato no aññathā; kacci pana so bhavaṃ gotamo tādiso no aññādiso’’ti ? ‘‘Tathā santaṃyeva, bho, taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saddo abbhuggato no aññathā, tādisova so bhavaṃ gotamo no aññādiso. Samannāgato ca so bhavaṃ gotamo dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi paripuṇṇehi no aparipuṇṇehī’’ti. ‘‘Ahu pana te, tāta ambaṭṭha, samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ kocideva kathāsallāpo’’ti? ‘‘Ahu kho me, bho, samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ kocideva kathāsallāpo’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana te, tāta ambaṭṭha, ahu samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ kocideva kathāsallāpo’’ti? Atha kho ambaṭṭho māṇavo yāvatako ahosi bhagavatā saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo, taṃ sabbaṃ brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa ārocesi.
坐在一旁的安拔他年轻人,波咖拉萨谛婆罗门对他说:「亲爱的安拔他,你见到那位果德玛尊者了吗?」「尊者,我们见到了那位果德玛尊者。」「亲爱的安拔他,那位果德玛尊者果真如传闻那样吗?那位果德玛尊者果真如此吗?」「尊者,那位果德玛尊者确如传闻那样,别无二致。那位果德玛尊者确实如此,别无二致。那位果德玛尊者完全具足三十二大人相,无一不备。」「亲爱的安拔他,你与沙门果德玛有什么交谈吗?」「尊者,我与沙门果德玛有一些交谈。」「亲爱的安拔他,你与沙门果德玛有什么交谈呢?」那时,安拔他年轻人将他与世尊交谈的全部内容告诉波咖拉萨谛婆罗门。
§291
Evaṃ vutte, brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘aho vata re amhākaṃ paṇḍitaka , aho vata re amhākaṃ bahussutaka , aho vata re amhākaṃ tevijjaka , evarūpena kira, bho, puriso atthacarakena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyya. Yadeva kho tvaṃ, ambaṭṭha, taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ āsajja āsajja avacāsi, atha kho so bhavaṃ gotamo amhepi evaṃ upaneyya upaneyya avaca. Aho vata re amhākaṃ paṇḍitaka, aho vata re amhākaṃ bahussutaka, aho vata re amhākaṃ tevijjaka, evarūpena kira, bho, puriso atthacarakena kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyyā’’ti, kupito anattamano ambaṭṭhaṃ māṇavaṃ padasāyeva pavattesi. Icchati ca tāvadeva bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ.
如是说已,波咖拉萨谛婆罗门对安拔他年轻人说:「啊呀,我们的这位小智者!啊呀,我们的这位小博学者!啊呀,我们的这位小三明!像这样处事的人,身坏命终将堕苦处、恶趣、堕落、地狱。安拔他,你这样次第地冒犯那位果德玛尊者,结果那位果德玛尊者也这样次第地迫近我们。啊呀,我们的这位小智者,啊呀,我们的这位小博学者,啊呀,我们的这位小三明,像这样处事的人,身坏命终将堕苦处、恶趣、堕落、地狱!」愤怒不悦,把安拔他年轻人一脚踢翻。他立刻就想去见世尊。
Pokkharasātibuddhupasaṅkamanaṃ颇卡拉萨帝诣佛
§292
Atha kho te brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ pokkharasātiṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘ativikālo kho, bho, ajja samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Svedāni bhavaṃ pokkharasāti samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’ti. Atha kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti sake nivesane paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā yāne āropetvā ukkāsu dhāriyamānāsu ukkaṭṭhāya niyyāsi, yena icchānaṅgalavanasaṇḍo tena pāyāsi. Yāvatikā yānassa bhūmi yānena gantvā, yānā paccorohitvā pattikova yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi, sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
那时,那些婆罗门对波咖拉萨谛婆罗门说:「尊者,今日已太晚,不宜去见沙门果德玛。明日波咖拉萨谛尊者再去见沙门果德玛吧。」那时,波咖拉萨谛婆罗门在自己住处备办好美味的副食、主食,登上车乘,在火把照明下,从伍咖达出发前往伊车能额勒林丛。他乘车到能通车的地方,下车后步行走到世尊处,与世尊互相问候,彼此寒暄敬语之后,坐在一旁。
§293
Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āgamā nu kho idha, bho gotama, amhākaṃ antevāsī ambaṭṭho māṇavo’’ti? ‘‘Āgamā kho te , brāhmaṇa, antevāsī ambaṭṭho māṇavo’’ti. ‘‘Ahu pana te, bho gotama, ambaṭṭhena māṇavena saddhiṃ kocideva kathāsallāpo’’ti? ‘‘Ahu kho me, brāhmaṇa, ambaṭṭhena māṇavena saddhiṃ kocideva kathāsallāpo’’ti. ‘‘Yathākathaṃ pana te, bho gotama, ahu ambaṭṭhena māṇavena saddhiṃ kocideva kathāsallāpo’’ti? Atha kho bhagavā yāvatako ahosi ambaṭṭhena māṇavena saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo, taṃ sabbaṃ brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa ārocesi. Evaṃ vutte, brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘bālo, bho gotama, ambaṭṭho māṇavo, khamatu bhavaṃ gotamo ambaṭṭhassa māṇavassā’’ti. ‘‘Sukhī hotu, brāhmaṇa, ambaṭṭho māṇavo’’ti.
坐在一旁的波咖拉萨谛婆罗门对世尊说:「果德玛尊者,我的弟子安拔他年轻人来过这里吗?」「婆罗门,你的弟子安拔他年轻人来过。」「果德玛尊者,您与安拔他年轻人有什么交谈吗?」「婆罗门,我与安拔他年轻人有一些交谈。」「果德玛尊者,您与安拔他年轻人有什么交谈呢?」那时,世尊将与安拔他年轻人交谈的全部内容告诉波咖拉萨谛婆罗门。如是说已,波咖拉萨谛婆罗门对世尊说:「果德玛尊者,安拔他年轻人愚钝,请果德玛尊者原谅他。」「婆罗门,愿安拔他年轻人快乐。」
§294
Atha kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti bhagavato kāye dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni samannesi. Addasā kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti bhagavato kāye dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni yebhuyyena ṭhapetvā dve. Dvīsu mahāpurisalakkhaṇesu kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati – kosohite ca vatthaguyhe pahūtajivhatāya ca.
那时,波咖拉萨谛婆罗门寻察世尊身上的三十二大人相。波咖拉萨谛婆罗门大部分看见了世尊身上的三十二大人相,除了两种。对那两种大人相,他怀疑、犹豫、不决、不信——就是阴藏相和广长舌相。
§295
Atha kho bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘passati kho me ayaṃ brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni yebhuyyena ṭhapetvā dve. Dvīsu mahāpurisalakkhaṇesu kaṅkhati vicikicchati nādhimuccati na sampasīdati – kosohite ca vatthaguyhe, pahūtajivhatāya cā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsi yathā addasa brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti bhagavato kosohitaṃ vatthaguyhaṃ. Atha kho bhagavā jivhaṃ ninnāmetvā ubhopi kaṇṇasotāni anumasi paṭimasi, ubhopi nāsikasotāni anumasi paṭimasi, kevalampi nalāṭamaṇḍalaṃ jivhāya chādesi.
那时,世尊心想:「这波咖拉萨谛婆罗门看见了我大部分的三十二大人相,除了两种。对那两种大人相,他怀疑、犹豫、不决、不信——就是阴藏相和广长舌相。」那时,世尊作如是神变:波咖拉萨谛婆罗门看见了世尊的阴藏相。世尊伸出舌头,触及双耳孔,触及双鼻孔,以舌覆盖整个额面。
§296
Atha kho brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa etadahosi – ‘‘samannāgato kho samaṇo gotamo dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi paripuṇṇehi no aparipuṇṇehī’’ti. Bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘adhivāsetu me bhavaṃ gotamo ajjatanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.
那时,波咖拉萨谛婆罗门心想:「沙门果德玛完全具足三十二大人相,无一不备。」对世尊说:「请果德玛尊者与比库僧团今日接受我的供食。」世尊以沉默表示同意。
§297
Atha kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocesi – ‘‘kālo, bho gotama, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti bhagavantaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi, māṇavakāpi bhikkhusaṅghaṃ. Atha kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ aññataraṃ nīcaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
那时,波咖拉萨谛婆罗门知道世尊已同意,禀告时到:「果德玛尊者,时到,食已备妥。」那时,世尊在上午时穿好衣服,持衣钵,与比库僧团一同前往波咖拉萨谛婆罗门的住处。到已,坐于所敷之座。那时,波咖拉萨谛婆罗门亲手以美味的副食、主食奉侍、满足世尊,众年轻人则奉侍比库僧团。那时,波咖拉萨谛婆罗门在世尊饭后收钵时,取一低座坐在一旁。
§298
Ekamantaṃ nisinnassa kho brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa bhagavā anupubbiṃ kathaṃ kathesi, seyyathidaṃ – dānakathaṃ sīlakathaṃ saggakathaṃ; kāmānaṃ ādīnavaṃ okāraṃ saṃkilesaṃ, nekkhamme ānisaṃsaṃ pakāsesi. Yadā bhagavā aññāsi brāhmaṇaṃ pokkharasātiṃ kallacittaṃ muducittaṃ vinīvaraṇacittaṃ udaggacittaṃ pasannacittaṃ, atha yā buddhānaṃ sāmukkaṃsikā dhammadesanā, taṃ pakāsesi – dukkhaṃ samudayaṃ nirodhaṃ maggaṃ. Seyyathāpi nāma suddhaṃ vatthaṃ apagatakāḷakaṃ sammadeva rajanaṃ paṭiggaṇheyya; evameva brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa tasmiññeva āsane virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi – ‘‘yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti.
对坐在一旁的波咖拉萨谛婆罗门,世尊作次第说法,即:布施论、戒论、生天论;欲的过患、堕落、染污,出离的利益。当世尊知道波咖拉萨谛婆罗门心已柔软、心已调柔、心已离盖、心已踊跃、心已明净时,便开示诸佛自证之法:苦、集、灭、道。犹如净白无垢之布能善受染色;同样地,就在那座上,波咖拉萨谛婆罗门生起了远尘离垢的法眼:「凡集起之法,皆是灭法。」
Pokkharasātiupāsakattapaṭivedanā颇卡拉萨帝近事男性之表明
§299
Atha kho brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti diṭṭhadhammo pattadhammo viditadhammo pariyogāḷhadhammo tiṇṇavicikiccho vigatakathaṃkatho vesārajjappatto aparappaccayo satthusāsane bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama. Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya , andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya, ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bho gotama, saputto sabhariyo sapariso sāmacco bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gataṃ. Yathā ca bhavaṃ gotamo ukkaṭṭhāya aññāni upāsakakulāni upasaṅkamati, evameva bhavaṃ gotamo pokkharasātikulaṃ upasaṅkamatu. Tattha ye te māṇavakā vā māṇavikā vā bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ abhivādessanti vā paccuṭṭhissanti vā āsanaṃ vā udakaṃ vā dassanti cittaṃ vā pasādessanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti. ‘‘Kalyāṇaṃ vuccati, brāhmaṇā’’ti.
那时,波咖拉萨谛婆罗门见法、得法、知法、入法,越度疑惑,得无所畏,于师教中不依他缘,对世尊说:「太奇妙了,果德玛尊者!太奇妙了,果德玛尊者!犹如扶起倒下者,揭开覆盖者,为迷路者指示道路,在黑暗中举起灯火——『有眼者得见诸色』——同样地,果德玛尊者以种种方便开示法。我连同儿子、妻子、眷属、随从归依果德玛尊者、归依法、归依比库僧。愿果德玛尊者忆持我为近事男,从今日起,终身归依。果德玛尊者到伍咖达我家时,也请到波咖拉萨谛之家。那里的年轻男女将向果德玛尊者顶礼、起立、奉座、奉水,心生净信。这对他们将长夜成为利益和安乐。」
Ambaṭṭhasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ. · 阿摩德经完 第三