Thūpasādhana lābhakathā · Thūpasādhana lābhakathā
Thūpasādhana lābhakathā塔之成就利得之说
§20
20. Atha rājā thūpatthāya uppannāni suvaṇṇādīni āharāpetvā bhaṇḍāgāresu rāsiṃ kāresi tato sabbasambhāre samatte visākha puṇṇamuposathadivase patta visākha nakkhatte mahāthūpakaraṇatthāya bhūmiparikammaṃ ārabhi. Rājā thupaṭṭhāne patiṭṭhāpitaṃ silāthūpaṃ harāpetvā thirabhāvatthāya samantato hatthipākāra pariyantaṃ gambhīrato sataratanappamāṇaṃ bhūmiṃ khanāpetvā paṃsuṃ apanetvā yodhehi guḷapāsāṇe attharāpetvā kammārakūṭehi āhanāpetvā cuṇṇavicuṇṇe kāresi.
于是国王为了建造塔庙，采集了金等珍宝，储藏于仓库中积累。此后，在净月节那天，是初满月的维萨卡月，于大规模建塔之时，开始了环地行礼。国王将早先立于塔庙中的石塔取下，为了稳固而从四面挖土，环绕作象足状，挖掘出约百颗宝石大小的土地，铲运泥沙，用战士拼接石头，用工匠搭筑塔基，掺杂石灰与细沙，精细施工。
Tato cammavinaddhehi pādehi mahā hatthīhi maddāpetvā pāsāṇakoṭṭimassupari navanīta mattikaṃ attharāpesi. Ākāsa gaṅgāyahi tipatitaṭṭhāne udakabindūni uggantvā samantā tiṃsa yojanappamāṇapadese patanti yattha sayañjātasālī uppajjatti taṃ ṭhānaṃ niccameva tintattā nintasīsakoḷaṃ nāma chātaṃ. Tattha mattikā sukhumuttā navanīta mattikāti vuccati.
接着，用去皮的象皮覆盖地面，用巨象踩踏，使地面坚实。又在堆石周围涂以新鲜黄油与泥土，作为加固。天空中，恒河三叉流处，水珠飞溅，四周约有三十余由（古代长度单位）的位置，正是优质栽稻的产地，此处被称为尼差缅处，意为细致的粘土。
Taṃ tato khīṇasavā sāmaṇerā āharanti tāya sabbattha mattikākiccanti ñātabbaṃ. Mattikopari iṭṭhakā attharāpesi. Iṭṭhakopari kharasukammaṃ, tassoparikuruviṇdapāsāṇaṃ, tassopariayojālaṃ, tassopari khīṇāsava sāmaṇerehi himavantato āhaṭaṃ sugaṇdhamārumbaṃ, tassopari khīrapāsāṇaṃ, tassopari eḷikapāsāṇaṃ, tassopari sīlaṃ attharāpesi. Sabbamattikākicce navanītamattikā eva ahosi.
随后，已经戒净的沙玛内拉前来取用这些泥土，因而需要统称为粘土作业。粘土上铺设砖块，砖块上铺上粗糙的细泥石，细泥石上覆盖以铁丝网，铁丝网上铺设已戒净的沙玛内拉从喜马拉雅山采来的香气浓厚的松脂，香松脂上放置乳石，以及藤条石，最终以石灰涂抹加固。所有粘土作业均采用新鲜细泥土作为材料。
Silāsatthāropari rasodaka santintena kapittha niyyāsena aṭṭhaṅgulabahalatambalohapaṭṭaṃ, tassopari tilatelayantintāya manosilāya sattaṅgula bahalaṃ rajatapaṭṭaṃ attharāpesi evaṃ rājā sabbākārena bhūmiparikammaṃ kārāpetvā āsāḷahi sukkapakkhassa cātuddasa divase bhikkhusaṅghā sannipātetvā evamāha. Sve puṇṇamuposathadivase uttarāsāḷha nakkhattena mahācetiye maṅgaliṭṭhakaṃ patiṭṭhāpessāmi sve thūpūṭṭhāne sabbo saṅgho santipatatūti nagare bheriṃ carāpesi mahājano uposathiko hutvā gaṇdhamālādīni gahetvā thūpaṭṭhāne sannipatatūti.
石料上铺设以糖蜜浸润的木瓜果实，在八指厚的纯铜板上安置，铜板上则涂有过量油脂的黑色矿石叶，放置了七指厚的纯银板。如此，国王监督完成了整个环地仪轨。到了阿萨拉月十五日，集结比库僧团，宣告道：“我将在满月当日，于大塔基处安放吉祥铭记，届时所有僧众均当齐聚塔侧，城中鸣响战鼓，众大众皆将参加斋戒法会，携带香花等供品，聚集塔庙为僧供养。”
Tato visākhasiri devanāmake dve amacce āṇāpesi. Tumhe gantvā mahā cetiyaṭṭhānaṃ alaṅkarothāti. Te gantvā samantato rajatapaṭṭavaṇṇavālukaṃ okīrāpetvā lājapañcamakāni pupphāni vikiritvā kadalitoraṇaṃ ussāpetvā puṇṇaghaṭe ṭhapāpetvā maṇivaṇṇe veḷumhi pañcapaṇṇadhajaṃ baṇdhāpetvā gaṇdhasampannāni nānāvidha kusumānisaṇtharāpetvā nānāppakārehi taṃ ṭhānaṃ alaṅkariṃsu.
此后，有两位名为维萨卡西里的侍童来邀约：“你们前往装饰大塔基吧。”他们前往后，在四周铺设银板，散布沙土。妍丽地布置百合形状的五朵花，点缀翠绿门扇，安装花环，并置于满水的坛中，系上五十面五色旗帜，用香气扑鼻的各种花环装饰该处，施以多样妆饰。
Atha rājā sakalanagarañca vihāragāmi maggañca alaṅkārāpesi pabhātāya rattiyā nagare catusu dvāresu massu kammatthāya nahāpite, nahāpanatthāyanahāpanake, alaṅkāratthāya kappakeva nānāvirāga vattha gaṇdhamālādīni ca sūpavyañjana sampannāni madhurabhattāni ca ṭhapāpetvā sabbe nagarā ca jānapadā ca yathāruciṃ massūkammaṃ kāretvā nahātvā bhuñjitvā vatthābharaṇādīhi alaṅkaritvā mahācetiyaṭṭhānaṃ āgacchantūti āyuttakehi ārocāpesi.
之后国王装饰了全城的住处以及集市大路，清晨与夜间，于城市四个城门设置浴池专用场所，供民众沐浴。浴池处设多样花卉、香花饰品及色彩装饰，并盛放甘甜蜂蜜。整个城镇和各村落都按其趣味用香水香料等悉心妆点，沐浴后进食，饰以衣物与首饰，前往大塔基场所。国王命令十万大军招集前来。
Sayampi sabbābharaṇa vibhūsito cattālīsa purisa sahassehi saddhiṃ uposako hutvā anekehi sumaṇḍita pasādhitehi amaccehi gahitārakkho alaṅkatāhi devakañña pamāhi nāṭakitthihi parivuto amaragaṇa parivuto devarājā viya attano sirisampattihā mahājanaṃ tosayanto anekehi turiya saṅghuṭṭhehi vattamānehi aparaṇhe mahāthūpaṭṭhānaṃ upagañji. Mahā cetiyaṭṭhāna maṅgalatthāya puṭabaddhāni vatthāni aṭṭhuttara sahassaṃ ṭhapāpesi. Catusu passesu vattharāsiṃ kāresi tela-madhu-sakkara-phāṇitādīni ca ṭhapāpesi.
在此世尊教法中，即使身披各种宝饰，有四万千人之众的居士一同做近事者，他们被众多织锦美丽的幛帷所围绕，手执童女保护，衣饰华丽，像天女环绕，伴有戏剧表演的人员环绕，亦有不死众环绕，如同天帝环绕其头饰资源，令广大众生心神欢喜；这时于下午时分，有众多三级结集的比库们，在大塔基处集合。多数用于大塔的物件，为吉祥之用，被布置成八十八千种。更在四个方向安置了宽广座垫，并涂抹了油、蜜、糖、酥和乳等膏状物。
Atha nānādesato bahū bhikkhū āgamiṃsu rājagahā samantā iṇdiguttatthero nāma asīti bhikkhusahassāni gahetvā ākāsenāgañchi tathā bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane mahā vihārato dhammasenatthero nāma dvādasa bhikkhusahassāni. Sāvatthiyaṃ jetavana vihārato piyadassi nāma thero saṭṭhi bhikkhu sahassāni vesāliyaṃ mahā vanato buddharakkhitatthero aṭṭhārasa bhikkhu sahassāni, kosambiyaṃ ghositārāmato mahādhammarakkhitatthero tiṃsa bhikkhusahassāni. Ujjeniyaṃ dakkhiṇagiri mahā vihārato dhammarakkhitatthero cattālīsa bhikkhusahassāni-pāṭaliputte asokārāmato mittiṇṇatthero bhikkhūnaṃ satasahassāni saṭṭhiñca sahassāni gaṇdhāra raṭṭhato attinna thero nāma bhikkhūnaṃ dve satasahassāni asītiñca sahassāni. Mahāpallava bhogato mahādevatthero bhikkhūnaṃ cattāri satasahassāni saṭṭhiñca sahassāni yonakaraṭṭhe alasaṇdā nagarato yonaka dhammarakkhitatthero tiṃsa bhikkhu sahassāni. Viñjhāṭavivattaniya senāsanato uttaratthero asīti bhikkhusahassāni. Mahābodhimaṇḍa vihārato cittaguttatthero tiṃsa bhikkhusahassāni vanavāsibhogato caṇdaguttatthero asīti bhikkhusahassāni. Kelāsa mahāvihārato suribhaguttatthero channavuti sahassāni gahetvā ākāsenāgañchi.
随后来自各方的许多比库来到王舍城周围。名为因提拘达长老者，带领八千比库，升入空中。又于巴拉那西的仙人堕处大寺，名为法师长者，带领有一万二千比库。沙瓦提的揭德林大寺里，名为彼耶达悉长老，带领六万比库。韦萨离的大森林中，名为护法长者，带领一万八千比库。国桑比的说法林，大护法长老，有三万比库。乌征南吉利大寺，护法长老率四万二千比库。巴塔利子阿索卡林中，有净修长者，带领一万六千比库。属于犍陀罗国的迦提难长者，有二十二万比库。摩揭陀国摩大波罗莫长老，率四十四万六千比库。耶舍那国的颇多波长老，带领三万比库。北方众僧兵营地的首领，长老带领八千比库。大菩提树寺中，名为吉多拘达的长老，率三万比库。山林游方者有千余长老参与。大寺中，名为须利婆拘达的长老，带领四千三百比库，升入空中。
‘‘Bhikkhūnaṃ dīpavāsīnaṃ-āgatānañca sabbaso,
『诸比库及居士们普遍齐聚，』
Gaṇanāya paricchedo-porāṇehi na bhāsito;
『旧时的统计与分类中，从未谈及其数；』
Samāgatānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ-sabbesaṃ taṃ samāgame,
『诸比库众会合汇集时，』
Vuttā khīṇāsavāyeva-te channavuti koṭiyo;’’
『所述涅槃者，正是辟支佛那样，共有四十亿人叫做圆满的聚集。』
Atha saṅgho parikkhitta pavāḷavedikā viya majjhe rañño okāse ṭhapetvā aññamaññaṃ aghaṭṭetvā aṭṭhāsi. Pācinapasse buddharakkhitanāmako khīṇāsāvatthero attanāsadisanāmake pañcasatakhīṇāsave gahetvā aṭṭhāsi. Tathā dakkhiṇapasse pacchimapasse uttarapasse ca dhammarakkhita - saṅgharakkhita - ānaṇda nāmakā khīṇāsavattherā attanā sadisanāmake pañcapañcasata khīṇāsave gahetvā aṭṭhaṃsu piyadassi nāma khīṇāsavatthero mahābhikkhusaṅghaṃ gahetvā pubbuttara kaṇṇe aṭṭhāsi.
于是，僧团如同被环绕的蜂巢般，安立于王宫庭院中央，彼此接连坐定。往东南方坐着一位名为佛护的长老，已断尽烦恼，个体以『自身同类示现者』自称，携带已断烦恼五百位而坐。南方、西方和北方皆坐着名为法护、僧护与阿难的长老，均已断尽烦恼，自称『自身同类示现者』，共同携带五百五十位已断烦恼的长老坐定。彼时，名为毗耶多悉的已断烦恼长老，承载着广大比库僧团，立于王宫前方右侧。
Rājā kira saṅghamajjhaṃ pavisantoyeva sace mayā kayiramānaṃ cetiyakammaṃ anantarāyena niṭṭhaṃ gacchati pācina-dakkhiṇa-pacchima-uttarapassesu buddharakkhita-cammarakkhita-saṅgharakkhita-ānaṇda nāmakā therā attanāsadisanāmake pañcapañcasatabhikkhu gahetvā tiṭṭhantu piyadassi nāma thero pubbuttarakaṇṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ gahetvā tiṭṭhatūti cintesi. Therāpi rañño adhippāyaṃ ñatvā tathā ṭhitāti vadantī siddhatthero pana maṅgalo-sumano-padumo-sīvali-caṇdagutto-sūriyagutto-iṇdagu- tto-sāgaro-cittaseno -jayaseno-acaloti imehi ekādasahi therehi parivuto puṇṇaghaṭe pūrato katvā puratthābhimukho aṭṭhāsi.
王陛下若于僧团中坐下，就表示我正从事建造佛塔的事工，且此事工无阻碍地顺利完成。东南、西方、西北各边坐着已断烦恼的长老，诸佛护、僧护和阿难护法的长老，携带着自己所带领的五百五十位比库，站立着。毗耶多悉长老则承载着广大比库僧团，站立于王宫右前方。众长老们也知晓国王的意图，如此屹立。与此同时，圣长老苏达陀、苏满那、朴多摩、悉瓦利、旃陀、苏利耶谷陀、因陀谷陀、沙伽罗、吉多赛奴、迦耶塞奴、阿迦洛提，与十一名长老环绕着圆满佛塔，面向正东站立。
Atha rājā tathā ṭhitaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ disvā pasannacitto gaṇdhamālādīhi pūjetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā catūsu ṭhānesu vanditvā puṇṇasaṭaṭṭhānaṃ pavisitvā suyaṇṇakhīle paṭimukkaṃrajatamayaṃ paribbhamana daṇḍaṃ vijjamānamātāpitūnaṃ ubhato sujātena sumaṇḍita pasādhitena abhimaṅgala sammatena amaccaputtena gāhāpetvā mahantaṃ cetiyāvaṭṭaṃ kāretuṃ ārabhi. Tathā kārentaṃ pana siddhatthatthero nivāresi. Evaṃ kirassa ahosi - yadi mahārājā mahantaṃ cetiyaṃ karoti, aniṭṭhiteyeva marissati anāgate dupparihariyañca bhavissatīti. Tasmiṃ khaṇe bhikkhusaṅgho mahā rāja thero pāṇḍito, therassa vacanaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatīti āha.
于是国王见这么站立的比库僧团，心怀喜悦，身披香花等供养，绕行一周，敬礼四个方位，进入六百六十个佛陀圣处，遂便着手建造一根金盘包裹、银质镶沿的杖，杖头由父母亲自手持，受有善缘的婆罗门苏伽曼提，以及福德满溢的王子一起扶持护持，放置在佛塔镶缘的坚固高台上开始营建。然当施工之时，圣长老阻止了国王。原因是若国王建造如此宏伟之佛塔，必定未善后即将死亡，且未来将遭受难以消除的苦难。彼时僧团中有一位名叫大智的圣长老，认为应当遵从圣长老的话语，于是说出此意。
Rājā bhikkhusaṅghassa adhippāyaṃ ñatvā thero karotīti maññamāno kīdisaṃ bhante pamāṇaṃ karomīti āha. Thero mama gatagataṭṭhānato cetiyāvaṭṭaṃ karohīti vatvā upadisanto āvijjhitvā agamāsi. Rājā therassa vuttanayena cetiyāvaṭṭaṃ kāretvā theraṃ upasaṅkamitvā nāmaṃ pucchitvā gaṇdhamālādīhi pūjetvā vambatvā parivāretvā ṭhite sesa ekādasa there ca upasaṅkamitvā pūjetvā vaṇditvā tesaṃ nāmāni ca pucchitvā paribbhamana daṇḍagāhakassa amacca puttassa tāma pucchi.
国王知晓比库僧团对此事的管理后，心生疑虑，问长老师父：“尊敬的长老，我要建造佛塔，规模多大为宜？”长老答曰：“根据我行脚四方所得考察，应建造佛塔周围环绕一定范围。”后来长老安住，思惟后退还戒治，离去。国王依长老所言，建造了佛塔周围，事毕前往拜见长老，询问名号，向长老献上香花等供养，礼拜绕行。此时其他十一位长老也一一前来拜见供养，礼敬后问名号，于是询问被银质杖守护者、荣誉称号的王子。
Ahaṃ deva suppatiṭṭhita brahmā nāmāti vutte tava pitā kiṃ nāmoti pucchitvāna naṇdiseno nāmāti vutte mātunāmaṃ pucchi. Sumanādevī nāmāti vutte sabbesaṃ nāmāni abhimaṅgalasammatāni, mayā kayaramānaṃ cetiyakammaṃ avassaṃ niṭṭhānaṃ gacchatiti haṭṭho ahosi, tato rājā majjhe aṭṭha suvaṇṇaghaṭe rajataghaṭe ca ṭhapāpetvā te parivāretvā aṭṭhuttarasayassa puṇṇaghaṭe ṭhapāpesi.
我是一位天神，名为苏帕提塔，曾问询过您的父亲姓名；他回复说名“难提舍努”。又问询您的母亲，称其为苏摩那德维。诸位名号皆为吉祥所承认。由我建造的佛塔工程，即将完结，令王十分欢喜。于是王于中央安放了八根金制和银制的柱子，将那些柱子以银盘环绕，安置于圆满佛塔周围。
Atha aṭṭha suvaṇṇiṭṭhakā ṭhapāpesi. Tāsu ekekaṃ parivāretvā aṭṭhuttarasata aṭṭhuttarasata rajatiṭṭhakāyo. Aṭṭhuttarasata aṭṭhuttarasata vatthāni ca ṭhapāpesi. Atha suppatiṭṭhita brahmanāmena amaccaputtena ekaṃ suvaṇṇiṭṭhakaṃ gāhāpetvā tena sadisa nāmehi ca jīvamānaka mātāpitūhi sattahi amaccaputtehi sesa sattiṭṭhakāyo gāhāpesi.
接着，安置了八根金制柱子，每根均环绕以八十八根银制柱。又建造了八十八根八十八根的柱基。然后，天神苏帕提塔与王子共安置一根金柱，柱周围则由亲近的七位母亲和七位父亲，以及其他七十多位亲属环绕，形成七十根柱基，以此稳固支撑。
Tasmiṃ khaṇe mittatthero nāma puratthima disābhāge paribbhamita lekhāya bhūmiyaṃ gaṇdhapiṇḍaṃ ṭhapesi. Jayasenatthero nāma udakaṃ āsiñcitvā santintetvā samaṃ akāsi. Suppatiṭṭhitabrahmā bhadda nakkhattena evaṃ nānāvidha maṅgalānisaṅkhaṭaṭṭhāne paṭhamaṃ maṅgalikaṭṭhakaṃ patiṭṭhāpesi. Sumanattheronāma jātisumanapupphehi taṃ pūjesi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe udakapariyantaṃ katvā mahāpathavi kampo ahosi. Eteneva nayena sesa sattiṭṭhakāyopi patiṭṭhāpesuṃ.
那一时刻，中年比库名为米达，在东方方向周围，立定了用香块的土地。名为耶舍那的比库净水、祝告、使水平静。已安住的梵天于吉祥星宿聚会之处，设立了第一支吉祥仪式。名为苏曼的比库用生长的苏曼花供养之。那时浇灌遍地后，地面大震动。由此缘故，其余众长老也相继设立了供养。
Tato rājā rajatiṭṭhakāyopi patiṭṭhāpetvā gaṇdhamālādīhi pūjetvā maṅgalavidhānaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā suvaṇṇapelāyapupphāni gāhāpetvā pācīnapasse bhikkhusaṅghassa purato ṭhitaṃ mahā buddharakkhitattheraṃ upasaṅkamitvā gaṇdhamālādīhi pūjetvā vaṇditvā therassa parivāretvā ṭhita bhikkhūnañca nāmāni pucchitvā tato dakkhiṇapasse ṭhitaṃ mahādhammarakkhitattheraṃ pacchimapasse ṭhitaṃ mahāsaṅgharakkhitattheraṃ uttarapasse ṭhitaṃ ānaṇdattherañca upasaṅkamitvā gaṇdhamālādīhi pūjetvā pañcapatiṭṭhitena vaṇditvā tatheva nāmāni pucchitvā pubbuttara kaṇṇaṃ gantvā tattha ṭhitaṃ piyadassi mahātheraṃ vaṇditvā pūjetvā nāmāni pucchitvā santike aṭṭhāsi.
后来国王又为威仪具足的众长老设立供养，用花环等饰物供养，完成了吉祥仪式，插置了金盘花束。随后在西方方向，在比库僧团前，恭敬地走近伟大的佛护持长老，献上花环供养并顶礼其袈裟，问其名。然后走向南方方向，在那里恭敬伟大的法护持长老，在后方方向，恭敬伟大的僧护持长老，在北方方向，恭敬那安达长老，各以花环供养礼敬。并询问他们姓名，之后转向前方耳边，向那立于此处的彼雅达悉长老顶礼、供养并问其名，恭敬庄严地驻立附近。
Thero maṅgalaṃ vaḍḍhento rañño dhammaṃ desesi. Maṅgalapariyosāne sampatta gihiparisāsu cattālīsa sahassāni arahanto patiṭṭhahiṃsu. Cattālīsa sahassāni sotāpattiphalo sahassaṃ sakadāgāmiphale, sahassaṃ anāgāmiphale, bhikkhūnaṃ pana aṭṭhārasasahassāni arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. Bhikkhunīnaṃ catuddasa sahassānīti.
比库们兴起吉祥之法，为国王宣说戒律。吉祥仪式结束后，适逢家属会众，有四万四千阿拉汉集聚。四万四千中，分别有一千斯陀含果者，一千不还果者，而比库则有十八万八千获得阿拉汉果。比库尼则达一万四千。