Thupavaṃso · Thupavaṃso
Thupavaṃso塔史
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa · 礼敬彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者
Yasmiṃ sayiṃsu jinadhātuvarā samantā
于此法座上，遍布胜战者的宝饰，
Chabbaṇṇa raṃsi visarehi samujjalantā,
布满六色光辉，辉映熠熠生辉，
Nimmāya lokahitahetu jinassa rūpaṃ
显现出为了利益世间而造的胜者形相，
Taṃ thupamabbhuta tamaṃ sirasā namitvā;
顶礼那崇高宝塔之巅宝顶，
Cakkhāmahaṃ sakala loka hitāvahassa
我以眼睛注视这利世无量的塔，
Thupassa sabba jana naṇdana kāraṇassa,
塔乃令大众欢喜之因，
Vaṃsaṃ surāsura nariṇdavarehi niccaṃ
世尊的世系常被诸众神及魔众最尊贵者所赞颂，
Sampūjitassa ratanujjala thūpikassa;
同样也如宝光辉煌的宝塔那样受净重敬礼；
Kiñcāpi so yatijanena purātanena
还有由世尊的同族长者古老诸贤，
Atvāya sīhaḷajanassa kato purāpi,
针对施设给锡兰人先祖的事迹，
Vākkena sihaḷabhavena’bhisaṅkhamattā
用锡兰语口头传述，广为流传，
Atthaṃ na sādhahati sabbajanassa sammā;
却未能为所有众生完全达至其深义。
Yasmā ca māgadha niruttikatopi thūpa-
因马嘎达国方言中，‘主塔’一词发音不合规范，
Vaṃso viruddhanaya sadda samākulo so,
又与正统系谱相违，语音混乱，
Vattabbameva ca bahumpi yato na vuttaṃ
此义虽多处应当言及，却未被详细阐述，
Tamhā ahaṃ punapi vaṃsami’maṃ vadāmi;
故此我再一次称述此系谱；
Suṇātha sādhavo sabbe paripuṇṇamanākulaṃ
诸善知识悉听，此系谱完备且无误，
Vuccamānaṃ mayā sādhu vaṃsaṃ thūpassa satthunoti;
我所称说者即是‘塔之正统’教法。
Tattha thūpassa vaṃsaṃ vakkhāmīti ettha tathāgato arahaṃ sammā sambuddho thūpāraho, paccekabuddho thūpāraho, tathāgatassa sāvako thūpāraho, rājā cakkavatti thūpārahoti vacanato thūpārahānaṃ buddhādīnaṃ dhātuyo patiṭṭhāpetvā kata cetiyaṃ abbhunana taṭṭhena thūpoti vuccati, idha pana kañcana mālika mahāthūpo adhippeto, so kassa dhātuyo patiṭṭhāpetvā katoti ce? Yodīpaṅkarādīnaṃ catuvīsatiyā buddhānaṃ santike laddhavyākaraṇo samatiṃsapāramiyo pūretvā paramābhisambodhiṃ patvā dhammacakkappavattanato paṭṭhāya yāva suhadda paribbājaka vinayāna sabba buddhakiccāni niṭṭhāpetvā anupādiyesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbuto tassa bhagavato arahato sammā sambuddhassa dhātuyo patiṭṭhāpetvā kato ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana veditabbo?
在此讲述佛塔的由来，因此说如来是圣洁阿拉汉、正等觉，是佛塔的守护者，偏觉佛是佛塔的守护者，如来弟子也是佛塔的守护者，国王转轮圣王也是佛塔的守护者。所谓佛塔者，是以诸佛及其弟子们的舍利等圣物安置其中，由此雕筑的供养场所，是称为佛塔。这里有黄金镶饰的大佛塔，为谁安置了哪些舍利呢？从迪帕卡（即灯王）等24位佛前行者这里，得到了完整的注释和传授，修满圆满觉悟，转法轮并促进和睦，以游方戒律修行，彻底完成一切佛事，证得无依无著的涅槃；以此无上涅槃舍利供养已证得阿拉汉果位的世尊佛。此事在此略述，详细内容当予以了解吗？
§2
2. Ito kira kappasatasahassādhikānaṃ catunnaṃ asaṅkheyyānaṃ matthake amaravatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi. Tattha sumedho nāma brāhmaṇo paṭivasati. So aññaṃ kammaṃ akatvā brahmaṇasippameva uggaṇhi tassa daharakāleyeva mātāpitaro kālamakaṃsu. Athassa rāsivaḍḍhanako amacco āya potthakaṃ āharitvā suvaṇṇa rajata maṇimuttādi bharite gabbhe vivaritvā ettakaṃ te kumāra mātu santakaṃ, ettakaṃ pitusantakaṃ, ettakaṃ ayyaka payyakānanti yāva sattamā kulaparivaṭṭā dhakaṃ ācikkhitvā etampaṭijaggāhīti āha. So sādhūti sampaṭicchitvā agāraṃ ajjhāvasanto ekadivasaṃ cintesi.
二、据说很久很久以前，有一个重要的大城名为阿摩罗瓦提。那里住着一位名叫苏摩多的婆罗门，他没有作其他业，以婆罗门的身份为荣。他幼年时父母便去世了。后来他家族富有的长辈们送来一本经书，内有装金银宝石的箱匣，指出其中分为儿子所属、父亲所属和旁系亲属所属，共列七世家族谱系。苏摩多欢喜欣然地接受，经常盘坐沉思一天，反复思考。
§3
3. Punabbhave paṭisaṇdhigahaṇaṃ tāma dukkhaṃ, tathā nibbatta nibbattaṭṭhāne sarīrabhedanaṃ ahañca jānidhammo jarādhammo vyādhidhammo maraṇadhammo. Evaṃ bhūtena mayā ajāti ajaraṃ avyādhiṃ amaraṇaṃ sukhaṃ sītalaṃ nibbānaṃ gavesituṃ vaṭṭatīti nekkhammakāraṇaṃ cintetvā puna cintesi imaṃ dhanaṃ sabbaṃ mayhaṃ pitu pitāmahādayo paralokaṃ gacchantā eka kahāpaṇampi gahetvā nagatā mayā pana gahetvā gamanakāraṇaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatīti nagare bheriṃ carāpetvā mahājanassa dānaṃ datvā himavantassa pavisitvā tāpasa pabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā sattāhabbhantareyeva abhiññā ca samāpattiyo ca nibbattetva samāpattisukhena vītināmesi.
三、再来受生时，他体会到痛苦和恐惧，了解生老病死之苦。由此决定寻找一种出生后无衰老、无疾病、无死苦，安乐清凉的涅槃境界。发起出家志愿，放下一切财物，独自安排出行。到达森林，布施给众多百姓，带着修行具器皿闯入冰山，安住苦行净地。短短数周即获得神通与禅定体验，体悟了涅槃的极乐安宁。
Tadā dīpaṅkaro nāma satthā parayābhisambodhiṃ patvā satta sattāhaṃ bodhisamīpeceva vitināmetvā sunaṇdārāme dhammacakkaṃ pavattetvā koṭisattānaṃ devamanussānaṃ dhammamataṃ pāyetvā cātuddīpika mahāmegho viya dhammavassaṃ vassento catūhi khīṇāsaya satasahassehi parivuto anupubbena cārakaṃ caramāno ramma nagaraṃ patvā sudassana mahāvihāre paṭivasati tadā rammanagaravāsino sappi phaṇitādīni bhesajjāni gahetvā puppha dhūpa gaṇdhahatthā yena buddho tenapasaṅkamitvā satthāraṃ vaṇditvā pupphādīhi pūjetvā ekamantaṃ nisīditvā dhammaṃ sutvā svātanāya bhagavantaṃ nimantetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā dasabalaṃ padakkhīnaṃ katvā pakkamiṃsu.
当时灯王即迪帕卡尊者，证得最高正等觉，七周住于菩提侧边。然后于素那南达林开转法轮，教化无量千万天人、人间众生，令他们知晓佛法。像四洲大云聚雨般布施法雨，护持众生。之后他游历诸城，住于素陀萨那伟大寺院。该城居民带来织物、药品、花香等，以被服花具接引佛陀，向佛顶礼，静坐一旁听法。此时布施众生后，行十力向南起座而去。
Te puna divase asadisa mahādānaṃ sajjetvā dasabalassa āgamana maggaṃ sodhenti. Tasmiṃ kāle sumedhatāpaso attano assama padato uggantvā rammanagaravāsīnaṃ tesaṃ manussānaṃ uparibhāgena ākāsena gacchantā te haṭṭhapahaṭṭhe maggaṃ sodhente disvā kinnu kho kāraṇanti cintento sabbesaṃ passantānaṃyeva ākāsato oru ekamante ṭhatthāyaha te manusse pucchi.’Hambho kassa pana imaṃ maggaṃ sodhethā’ti te āhaṃsu bhante sumedha tumhe kiṃ naṃ jānātha, dīpaṅkaro nāma satthā paramābhisambodhiṃ patvā pavattavara dhammacakko janapada cārikaṃ caramāno anukkamena amhākaṃ nagaraṃ patvā sudassana mahāvihāre paṭivasati. Mayaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ nimantayimha tassa bhagavato āgamanamaggaṃ sodhemāti. Taṃ sutvā sumedhapaṇḍito cintesi. Buddhoti kho panesa ghosopi dullabho, pageva buddhuppādo tena hi mayāpi imehi manussehi saddhiṃ dasabalassa āgamanamaggaṃ sodhetuṃ vaṭṭatīti so te manusse āha, sace bho tumhe imaṃ magga buddhassa sodhetha - sayahampi ekaṃ okāsaṃ sampaṭicchatvā ayaṃ sumedhapaṇḍito mahiddhiko mahānubhāvoti jānantā dubbisodhanaṃ udakasambhinnaṃ ativisamaṃ ekaṃ okāsaṃ sallakkhetvā imaṃ hakāsaṃ tumhe sodhetha. Alaṅkarothāti adaṃsu.
第二日，众人共办盛大布施，迎接佛陀来临。他们探寻路径。此时苏摩多瑜伽士在修行热忱中突然升空，飞越众人成行，观看道路，并对追随者问及“此路为何？是谁在探索此路？”众人回答：“尊敬的苏摩多，你岂不知此路是为召请已得究竟觉悟、转法轮的迪帕卡佛而开吗？他住于素陀萨那伟大寺院，来临我们城中，我等奉命来迎接世尊。”听此苏摩多大士沉思。佛陀出现极为罕见，正是如来现身，居于十力之中来往十城之路，他告众人说：“如果你愿意探索佛道，我亦给你一机会。”并以神通示现此路的艰难与罕见，鼓励他们去探寻。
Sumedhapaṇḍito buddhārammaṇa pītiṃ uppādetvā cintesi. Ahampanimaṃ okāsaṃ iddhīyā paramadassanīya kātuṃ pahomi evaṃ kato pana maṃ na paritoseti ajja pana mayā kāyaveyyāvaccaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatiti paṃsuṃ āharitvā taṃ pahesaṃ pūreni, tassa pana tasmiṃ padese asodhite jayasumana kusuma sadisi vaṇṇaṃ dupaṭṭacīvaraṃ timaṇḍalaṃ paṭicchādetvā nivāsetvā tassupari yuṇṇamāpaṅgena kusumakalāpaṃ parakkhipanto viya vijjullatā sassīrīkaṃ kāyabaṇdhanaṃ baṇdhitvā kanaka girisikhara matthake lākhārasaṃ parisiñcante viya suvaṇṇacetiyaṃ pavāḷajālena parikkhipanto viya suvaṇṇaṅghakaṃ rattakambalena paṭimuñcanto viya sarada samaya rajanikaraṃ rattavalāhakena paṭicchādento viya ca lākhārasena tinna kiṃ sukaksumavaṇṇaṃ rattavara pasukūla cīvaraṃ pāripitvā gaṇdhakūgidva rato kanakaguhāto sīho viya nikkhamitvā jaḷabhiññānaṃyeva catūhi khīṇāsava satasahassehi parivuto amaragaṇa parivuto dasasatanayano viya brahmagaṇaparivuto mahā brahmā viya ca aparimita samaya samupacitāya kusalabalajanitāya anopamayā buddhalīlāya tārāgaṇaparivuto sarada samaya rajanikaro viya gaganatalaṃ alaṅgata paṭiyattaṃ maggaṃ paṭipajji.
苏摩多大士因佛的光辉之境欢喜生起，心念欣然说：“我今愿以此良机作出最高神通大光明。”遂取尘土，涂抹其身，穿戴洁净的莲花色袈裟，像覆盖宝石的圆盘般，环绕飘洒，如盈满金顶之佛塔，以宝饰装饰，披覆红色绣缎，披挂华美细致的天鹅绒衣服，衣色纯正美好。因习香药悦事如金狮离洞而出，通达四无烦恼境界，众天菩萨环绕，众圣天神陪伴，有大梵天护持，力量无边，神通奇妙，坎坷难测。苏摩多以精进修行，遵从清净道途，合于佛教义，成就通达佛道之行。
§5
5. Sumedhatāpasopi tena alaṅkata paṭiyattena maggena āgacchantassa dīpaṅkarassa bhagavato dvattiṃsa varalakkhaṇa patimaṇḍitaṃ asatiyā anubyañjanehi anubyañjitaṃ byāmappahāparikkhepa sassīrīkaṃ iṇdanīlamaṇisaṃkāsoākāse nānappakārā vijjullatā viya chabbaṇṇabuddharaṃsiyo vissajjentaṃ rūpaggappattaṃ attabhāvaṃ oloketvā ajja mayā dasabalassa jīvitapariccāgaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati mā bhagavā kalale akkami maṇimayaṃ lakasetuṃ akkamanto viya saddhiṃ catūhi khīṇāsava satasahassehi mama piṭṭhiṃ akkamanto gacchatu taṃ me bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyāti kese mocetvā ajinajaṭā vākacīrāni kalela pattharitvā tattheva kalalapiṭṭhe nipajji nipanno ca sace ahaṃ iccheyyaṃ sabbakilese jhāpetvā saṅghanavako hutvā rammanagaraṃ paviseyyaṃ aññātakavesena pana me kilese ṇdhapetvā nibbānapattiyā kiccaṃ natthi, yaṃnūnāhaṃ dīpaṅkara dasabalo viya paramābhisambodhiṃ patvā dhammanāvaṃ āropetvā mahājanaṃ saṃsārasāgarā uttāretvā pacchā parinibbāyeyyaṃ. Idaṃ me patirupanti cintetvā aṭṭhadhamme samodhānetvā buddhabhāvāya abhinīhāraṃ katvā nipajja.
即使以坚定的意志沿着未加装饰的修行之路前行，那位名为迪班伽罗的世尊，具足了二十二种吉祥标记，身着不净衣服，身披布袍，目光如满月般光辉，形容端庄，发光如光芒四射的宝石于空中，色彩纷呈、绚丽夺目，如同六彩佛光广被四方，经常舍弃形体以及持有的所有自我表现。他审视自身，舍弃以生命为代价的世事烦恼。我如今应当承担这宏大使命，世尊无须为我负担，如同制造宝玉桥梁一般，我愿与四众、上百上千断尽烦恼者共同肩负，以此护持我的本愿，令其长期利益与安乐。将头发剪除，剃除未经生长的鬓发、胡须，现身浑浊衣服之地，若我愿除尽一切烦恼，舍弃烦恼成为僧团导师，进入安乐城，尽管为外人所不知，烦恼未曾沾染，便无所失，依止涅槃无疑，我如迪班伽罗般发心，毕竟证得至高正觉，肩负起传播圣法的职责，渡越众生生死海，随后进入究竟涅槃。思虑此义，观照八圣谛，利益于佛果，遂不再退转，便入禅定。
Dīpaṅkaropi bhagavā āgattvā sumedhapaṇḍitassa sīsasāge ṭhatvā kalalapiṭṭhe nipannaṃ tāpasaṃ disvā ayaṃ tāpaso buddhatthāya abhinīhāraṃ katvā nipanto, ijjhissati nu kho etassa patthanā udāhu noti upadhārento - anāgate gotamo nāma buddho bhavissatīti ñatvā ṭhitakova parisa majjhe vyākāsi, passatha no tumhe bhikkhave imaṃ uggatapaṃ tāpasaṃ kalalapiṭṭhe nipannanti. Evaṃ bhante, ayaṃ yiddhatthāya abhinīhāraṃ katvā nipanno samijjhissati imassa patthatā kappasata sahassādhikānaṃ catuntaṃ asaṅkheyyānaṃ matthake gotamo nāma buddho bhavissatīti sabbaṃ vyākāsi.
迪班伽罗世尊来到时，立于审视者苏摩婆达之头顶，当他身处浑浊衣处，观见此修苦行者，达至佛法果位，遂入禅定。若有人问他，为何如此确定，乃至坚信未来必有一位名为果德玛的佛出世，他就在信众中间，以言明示：‘弟子们，应当观此突出于浑浊衣者，即将成佛者，是名果德玛。’如是，尊者，此禅定达成，生起对未来佛的信心，并具体断言数十万亿无数劫之后，一位名为果德玛的佛将出世。这一切皆已详尽说明。
Vuttañhetaṃ buddhavaṃse.
以上记载出自佛陀世系传。
Dīpaṅkaro lokavidū - āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho,
迪班伽罗是世间智者，受持供养之礼仪者。
Ussīsake maṃ ṭhatvāna - idaṃ vacanamabravi;
曾立于乌悉迦，宣说此语：
Passatha imaṃ tāpasaṃ - jaṭila uggatāpasaṃ aparimeyye ito kappe - ayaṃ buddho bhavissati. Ahu kapilavahayā rammā - nikkhamitvā tathāgato. Padhānaṃ padahitvāna - katvā dukkara kārikaṃ
‘观此苦行者，邋遢无章、苦修深重，历无数劫，必定成为佛。萨迦国凯皮拉牛车离开之时，当如来已经成就根本辛苦修行，克服艰难。’
Buddhe loke - keci.
世尊于世间——若干事，
Ajapāla rukkhamūlasmiṃ - nisīditvā tathāgato,
于阿阇跋罗树根处坐定，如来看，
Tattha pāyāsamaggayha - nerañjaramupeheti;
于彼处持乳粥，迎接那难陀女，
Nerañjarāya tīramhi - pāyāsādāya so jino,
于那难陀女所饮之处岸边，为乳粥，彼尊者，
Paṭiyattavaramaggena - bodhimūlañhi ehīti;
于殊胜大道，前往菩提树下，坐于菩提树根，
Tato padakkhiṇaṃ katvā - bodhimaṇḍaṃ anuttaro
之后绕行一周，在菩提台上，至无上处，
Assattharākkhamūlamhi - vujjhissati mahāyaso;
必将在没有根基的错误见解上灭亡，光辉伟大的尊者必然存在；
Imassajanikā mātā - māyā nāma bhavissati, pitā suddhodano nāma - ayaṃ hessati gotamo. Anāsavā vītarāgā - santacittā samāhitā,
这世间的母亲名为摩耶，父亲名为净饭王，他就是果德玛。无烦恼、远离贪欲，内心安稳、专注，
Kolito upatisso ca - aggā hessanti sāvakā;
拘利多与乌帕提苏也，将成为主要的弟子；
Ānaṇdo nāmupaṭṭhāko - upaṭṭhissatī’maṃ jinaṃ;
阿难名为侍者，将侍奉这位胜者；
Khemā uppalavaṇṇā ca - aggā hessanti sāvikā;
羯摩与优婆罗那二女将成为最杰出的比库尼；
Anāsavā vītarāgā - santacittā samāhitā;
无烦恼、远离贪欲，内心安稳、专注。
Bodhi tassa bhagavato assatthoti pavuccatī’’ti.
‘菩提’者，彼世尊的究竟觉悟也。