Aṭṭhakathā · Aṭṭhakathā
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa · 礼敬彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者
Aṭṭhakathā注疏
Saṃgāyanassa pucchā-vissajjanā结集的问答
Sadevakopi ce loko, āgantvā tāsayeyya maṃ;
即便天地诸天众生,来到此处欲加害我;
Na me paṭibalo assa, janetuṃ bhayabheravaṃ.
我亦无力畏惧,生出恐怖而退缩。
Sacepi tvaṃ mahiṃ sabbaṃ, sasamuddaṃ sapabbataṃ;
就算你能够穿越整个大地,包括大海与高山,
Ukkhipitvā mahānāga, khipeyyāsi mamūpari;
乘坐那巨龙一跃而起,也必将陨灭于我之手;
Neva me sakkuṇeyyāsi, janetuṃ bhayabheravaṃ;
你绝无能耐生出恐惧而逃避我;
Aññadatthu tavevassa, vighāto uragādhipa.
这恐怖与破坏,只会落到你这条大蛇首领身上。
Mā dāni kodhaṃ janayittha, ito uddhaṃ yathā pure;
现在不要生起愤怒,要像从前一样远离愤怒,向上升起。
Sassaghātañca mākattha, sukhakāmā hi pāṇino;
也不要轻视打骂,因为人们都愿求安乐。
Karotha mettaṃ sattesu, vasantu manujā sukhaṃ.
应当对众生行慈爱,使人们生活安乐。
Cattāro āsīvisā uggatejā ghoravisāti kho bhikkhave catunnetaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
比库们,四种恶趣中,强烈剧烈痛苦的称呼就是『这四大』。
Pañca vadhakā paccatthikāti kho bhikkhave pañcannetaṃ upādānakkhandhānaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
比库们,所谓五种杀害障碍,就是五种取蕴的称呼。
Chaṭṭho antaracaro vadhako ukkhittāsikoti kho bhikkhave nandīrāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
第六种内行杀害者,称为『起憾恨』,这是对『欢喜贪爱』的称呼。
Suñño gāmoti kho bhikkhave channetaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
“空村”者,尊者,乃内在根处所遮蔽之谓。
Corā gāmaghātakāti kho bhikkhave channetaṃ bāhirānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
盗贼杀人者,尊者,乃外在根处所遮蔽之谓。
Mahāudakaṇṇavo kho bhikkhave catunnetaṃ oghānaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
大洪水者,尊者,乃四种洪流之统称。
Orimaṃ tīraṃ sāsaṅkaṃ sappaṭibhayanti kho bhikkhave sakkāyassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
此岸彼岸,震动怖畏者,尊者,为色身之所遮蔽之谓。
Pārimaṃ tīraṃ khemaṃ appaṭibhayanti kho bhikkhave nibbānassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
彼岸安稳,少有怖惧者,尊者,为涅槃之所遮蔽之谓。
Vīriyārambhassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
勤勇用功者,为此谓之。
Gantvā kasmīragandhāraṃ, isi majjhantikā tadā;
当时到达迦尸国境内,正处于盛夏季节的中暮时分;
Duṭṭhaṃ nāgaṃ pasādetvā, mocesi bandhanā bahū.
他使恶龙安住后,解除多种束缚。
Punapi bhante dakkhemu saṅgati ce bhavissati.
世尊又说:尊者,若以后还有这样的现象,我们当再来观察。
Ajjāpi santānamayaṃ, mālaṃ ganthenti nandane;
如今这花环满是花朵,在园中结成花串;
Devaputto javo nāma, yo me mālaṃ paṭicchati.
这就是名为迅疾的天子天人,他为我献上这花环。
Muhuttoviya so dibbo, idha vassāni soḷasa;
他虽仅是短促一瞬,但在这里却积聚了十六个雨季。
Rattindivo ca so dibbo, mānusiṃ sarado sataṃ.
昼夜交替,天与人各自轮转,犹如百鸟齐飞的景象。
Iti kammāni anventi, asaṅkheyyāpi jātiyo;
由此众多业力随之流转,生生世世如数不尽的生命接续而来;
Kalyāṇaṃ yadi vā pāpaṃ, na hi kammaṃ vinassati.
无论是善业还是恶业,业本身从不灭失。
Yo icche puriso hotuṃ, jāti jāti punappunaṃ;
若有人愿意一再投生于世,
Paradāraṃ vivajjeyya, dhotapādova kaddamaṃ.
应当像斩断污秽之脚印般断绝外诱之缘。
Yā icche puriso hotuṃ, jāti jāti punappunaṃ;
有这样愿望的人,愿意一再生于世间;
Sāmikaṃ apacāyeyya, indaṃva paricārikā.
应该尊敬主人,如同尊敬侍从般恭敬。
Yo icche dibbabhogañca, dibbamāyuṃ yasaṃ sukhaṃ;
若欲得天上享受、天寿、荣誉与安乐,
Pāpāni parivajjetvā, tividhaṃ dhammamācare.
应当远离恶行,奉行三种善法。
Yaṃ bhikkhave sadevakassa lokassa samārakassa sabrahmakassa sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ anuvicaritaṃ manasā, tamahaṃ jānāmi tamahaṃ abhiññāsiṃ, taṃ tathāgatassa viditaṃ, taṃ tathāgato na upaṭṭhāti.
比库啊,凡是对天神、世间侍神、梵天、沙门、婆罗门及众生、天人皆见闻而亲历、听闻而理解、觉知探求、思虑考察之事,我皆知晓,亦曾具足通达,如来亦已了知,却不亲临呵护。
Iti kho bhikkhave tathāgato diṭṭhasutamutaviññātabbesu dhammesu tādīyeva tādī, tumhā ca pana tādimhā añño tādī uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthīti vadāmi.
比库啊,如是见闻而已觉知之法,我说尔等未曾有他法高胜或优胜。
Suvaṇṇabhūmiṃ gantvāna, soṇuttarā mahiddhikā;
往黄金之地,至北方富饶之地;
Pisāce niddhametvāna, brahmajālamadesisuṃ.
恶鬼被镇压后,持戒戒律网而消灭罪恶。
Samaṇā mayaṃ mahārāja, dhammarājassa sāvakā;
我们这些沙门,尊奉伟大君王,即法王的弟子;
Taveva anukampāya, jambudīpā idhāgatā.
唯由于您的慈悲,吉蔑洲的众生得此教化。
Ahaṃ buddhañca dhammañca, saṅghañca saraṇaṃ gato,
我皈依佛、法、僧三宝,作为依止;
Upāsakattaṃ desesiṃ, sakyaputtassa sāsane.
依佛陀释迦族子之教法,我宣说皈依者的道理。
Tena samayena buddho bhagavā verañjāyaṃ viharati naḷerupuci mandamūle.
当时,世尊佛陀安住于维拉摈扎村,水柳树下,名曰吒婆枳木根处。
Saggārohaṇasopāṇaṃ , aññaṃ sīlasamaṃ kuto;
天界升迁之阶梯,若无人具足等同的清净戒律,又何由得以攀登?
Dvāraṃ vā pana nibbāna, nagarassa pavesane.
涅槃则是城门,进入此城门乃可进入涅槃境界。
Alameva kātuṃ kalyāṇaṃ, dānaṃ dātuṃ yathārahaṃ;
实不足以作善行——施予适当的布施,恰如其分地行施才是适当之道;
Pāṇiṃ kāmadadaṃ disvā, ko puññaṃ nakarissati.
若目睹他人执持贪欲之物,谁还能造作真正的功德?
Dassāmannañca pānañca, vatthasenāsanāni ca;
他人供给的食物饮水、衣物、住所与坐具,皆为方便持戒之资;
Papañca udapānañca, dugge saṅkamanāni ca.
扰乱纷纷离合之事,险恶危险的出入境遇,应当远离遮避。
Mahāaṭṭhakathañceva , mahāpaccarimevaca;
大注疏与大后注同此,
Kurundiñcāti tissopi, sīhaḷaṭṭhakathā imā;
又有库伦地至三师集的锡兰注疏,
Buddhamittoti nāmena, visutassa yasassino;
此名为佛友者,意指清净有威名者;
Vinayaññussa dhīrassa, sutvā therassa santike.
听闻律藏中睿智长老之所讲解,
Upaddavākule loke, nirupaddavato ayaṃ;
于纷乱扰动的世间,此处无扰,
Ekasaṃvacchareneva, yathā niṭṭhaṃ upāgatā;
仅以简明言说,如此已然完备传授。
Evaṃ sabbassa lokassa, niṭṭhaṃ dhammūpasaṃhitā;
如此,诸法之中,法已究竟周全;
Sīghaṃ gacchantu ārambhā, sabbepi nirupaddavā.
望诸善法迅速成长,皆无一切患难纷扰。
Ciraṭṭhitatthaṃ dhammassa, karontena mayā imaṃ;
此法久驻不退,正缘有我为行持,
Saddhammabahumānena, yañca puññaṃ samācitaṃ;
以信仰正法庄严,及集善行福德;
Sabbassa ānubhāvena, tassa sabbepi pāṇino;
诸人皆能亲证,遍及一切有情,
Bhavantu dhammarājassa, saddhammarasasevino.
但愿众人于正法之王,常乐奉事不懈怠。
Ciraṃ tiṭṭhatu saddhammo, kāle vassaṃ ciraṃ pajaṃ;
愿正法长久常存,长久如雨季之雨降临众生;
Tappetu devo dhammena, rājā rakkhatu mediniṃ.
愿天神勉励依正法而行,愿国王守护这大地;
Tāva tiṭṭhatu lokasmiṃ, lokanittharaṇesinaṃ;
愿正法如是长存世间,令世界得以超越轮回;
Dassentī kulaputtānaṃ, nayaṃ sīlavisuddhiyā;
令世间贵族之子弟,依正法持守清净戒行;
Yāva buddhoti nāmampi, suddhacittassa tādino;
乃至如来之名声,及其清净的心意恒存;
Lokamhi lokajeṭṭhassa, pavattati mahesino.
世间至尊之王的法门,永远弘行于世间。
Karuṇāsītalahadayaṃ , paññāpajjotavihatamohatamaṃ;
以悲悯为根本、以凉洁的心怀,破除无明的灯火之明;
Sanarāmaralokagaruṃ, vande sugataṃ gativimuttaṃ.
我礼敬那善逝者,即已得解脱的无上行者;
Buddhopi buddhabhāvaṃ, bhāvetvā ceva sacchikatvāca;
即使是觉者身为觉者的本质,既修持又证得真实;
Yaṃ upagato gatamalaṃ, vande tamanuttaraṃ dhammaṃ.
我礼敬那已除去一切污垢、超越殊胜之法;
Sugatassa orasānaṃ, puttānaṃ mārasenamathanānaṃ;
为护持善逝者的传承,护卫儿子们抵御魔王侵袭;
Aṭṭhannampi samūhaṃ, sirasā vande ariyasaṅghaṃ.
我礼敬八种大众,顶礼此圣僧团的首领。
Dīghassa dīghasuttaṅkitassa, nipuṇassa āgamavarassa;
此为长久深长经文意念,且学识精熟且承传流布极著之者;
Buddhānubuddhasaṃvaṇṇitassa, saddhāvahaguṇassa.
为称扬觉者与同觉者,具足信解及德行之者。
Sammāsambuddheneva hi tiṇṇampi piṭakānaṃ atthavaṇṇanākkamo bhāsito, yāpakiṇṇakadesanāti vuccati, tato saṃgāyanādivasena sāvakehīti ācariyā vadanti.
确由正自觉者亲自示现,三藏经文内容与解释悉皆明确,具备遍及之教理,此称为普遍教法;由此经集及讲述,故称为弟子所依之导师所说。
Atthappakāsanatthaṃ, aṭṭhakathā ādito vasisatehi;
为了阐明义理,注疏起始于诸长老集会之处;
Pañcahi yāsaṅgītā, anusaṅgītā ca pacchāpi.
有五种称赞和赞美语,先所称赞者及后续附加称赞者均是。
Majjhe visuddhimaggā, esa catunnampi āgamānañhi;
其中间为清净之道,此乃四部经典中之一教义。
Ṭhatvā pakāsayissati, tattha yathā bhāsitamatthaṃ;
阐明揭示,如同所说义理般,明了无误;
Icceva kato tasmā, tampi gahetvāna saddhimetāya;
正因为如此,释义者持此放心,安心采纳;
Aṭṭhakathāya vijānātha, dīghāgamanissitaṃ atthaṃ.
务求深知注疏之义,着眼经文长远涵义;
Atthānaṃ sūcanato, suvuttato savanatothasūdanato,
指示义理,清晰精确,谛听且详尽讲解;
Suttāṇā suttasabhāgatoca, suttanti akkhātaṃ.
依经文及同会之说,是谓宣说〔经文〕;
Sududdasaṃ sunipuṇaṃ, yatthakāmanipātinaṃ;
虽难理解且微妙复杂,唯愿所欲皆得契合。
Cittaṃ rakkhetha medhāvī, cittaṃ guttaṃ sukhāvahaṃ.
智慧者应当护持心念,心念隐秘而能带来安乐。
So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite ānañjappatte ñāṇadassanāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti –
如此安住心念者,心净明洁,清净无垢,无淫欲,离诸污染,心柔顺如意,安然不动,如实观察法相,心作意领受这觉知,称为心的‘使领’与‘被领’。
Yaṃhitaṃ bhikkhave sammāvadamāne vadeyya samantapāso mārassāti, mātugāmaṃyeva sammā vadamāno vadeyya samantapāso mārassāti.
比库们,应当如实说道:‘以正语如实宣说者,即是在各方受魔所缠绕。’或说:‘正直如实宣说者,如同被母族集体所围绕。’
Yo bhikkhu divasaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya ca āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodhetvā.
比库若在白天行走与坐卧间,用所应具的法门清净心念,
Iti cittakiriyavāyodhātuvipphāravasena ayaṃ kāyasammato aṭṭhisaṅghāto abhikkamati.
如此依心的行为、气息、元素及变化,此乃身意相应而成的八重和合聚合而发起。
Karuṇā viya sattesu, paññā yassa mahesino;
慈悲于众生,如同至上圣者智慧。
Ñeyyadhammesu sabbesu, pavattittha yathāruci.
在所有应当被教诲的法中,按其本性自然发生的法,
Dasāya tāya sattesu, samussāhitamānaso;
对于这十种杂染存在,心意被搅乱,
Pāṭihīrāvasānamhi, vasanto tidasālaye;
就如一艘小舟在风暴中漂泊,停泊于雨季的比库林,
Pāricchattakamūlamhi, paṇḍukambalanāmake;
在遮蔽之处的根基上,被称为青蛙毡的地方,
Silāsane sannisinno, ādiccova yugandhare.
端坐于石座之上,犹如初生犀牛角一般坚固,
Cakkavāḷasahassehi, dasāhāgamma sabbaso;
与千轮法界相应而起,完全包围了这十种法。
Sannisinnena devānaṃ, gaṇena parivārito;
众神聚集在此,围绕成群;
Mātaraṃ pamukhaṃ katvā, tassā paññāya tejasā;
以智慧与威德领首其母;
Abhidhammakathāmaggaṃ, devānaṃ sampavattayi.
向众神宣说了阿毗达摩的教法之道。
Tassa pāde namassitvā, sambuddhassa sirīmato;
顶礼其足,礼敬那位庄严的觉者;
Saddhammañcassa pūjetvā, katvā saṅghassa cañjaliṃ.
恭敬正法,并合掌敬礼僧团。
Yaṃ devadevo devānaṃ, desetvā nayato puna;
那位诸佛之佛,在教化引领众神之后;
Therassa sāriputtassa, samācikkhi vināyako.
长老沙利子,正当作律仪的领导者。
Anotattadahe katvā, upaṭṭhānaṃ mahesino;
经历过黑夜的熬煎,致力侍奉尊长;
Yañca sutvāna so thero, āharitvā mahītalaṃ.
那长老听闻之后,遍访大地搜集诸法。
Bhikkhūnaṃ parirudāhāsi, iti bhikkhūhi dhārito;
度脱比库众生的干渴,因而被比库们尊敬;
Saṅgītikāle saṃṅgīto, vedehamuninā puna.
在诵经时节他如歌者那般演唱,复述憍萨罗圣人之教义。
Yaṃ karomasi brahmuno, samaṃ devehi mārisa;
你所为之作,如同于梵为施,与天人魔众平等无异;
Tadajja tuyhaṃ kassāma, handa sāmaṃ karoma te.
现在我将向汝等宣说,且等共修一法。
Atthaṃ pakāsayissāmi, āgamaṭṭhakathāsupi;
我将揭示其义,连同经集之注释亦然;
Gahetabbaṃ gahetvāna, tosayanto vicakkhaṇe.
当执着于所取之义,明智喜悦加赞赏。
Itime bhāsamānassa, abhidhammakathaṃ imaṃ;
此为诸论说者之言,谓此即名法义之说;
Avikkhittā nisāmetha, dullabhāhiayaṃkathā.
不离散专注而住,此语甚难易得解。
Etthete pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti.
如是诸恶不善法,于无余断而灭尽。
Cakkhuṃ cāvuso paṭicca rūpeca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso, phassapaccayā vedanā, yaṃ vedeti, taṃ sañjānāti. Yaṃ sañjānāti, taṃ vitakketi, yaṃ vitakketi, taṃ papañceti, yaṃ papañceti, tato nidānaṃ purisaṃ papañcasaññāsaṅkhā samudācaranti atītānāgatapaccuppannesu cakkhuviññeyyasu rūpesu –
眼根啊,依赖色缘,生起眼识;三者相续,成就触。因触生受;受者乃由识取闻。能认识者,乃于所识起念头;起念头者,生散乱取境心态;生散乱者,据此缘起男子内心以此散乱分别观念,遍行于过去、未来及当前生起眼识所能分别的色境。
Purimā bhikkhave koṭi na paññāyati avijjāya.
过去,尊者们,由无明不被彻知。
Attheva gambhīragataṃ sudubbudhaṃ,
此义甚深甚难觉悟,
Sayaṃ abhiññāya sahetusambhavaṃ;
须自以神通智慧,得其相应内在根机,
Yathānupubbaṃ nikhilena desitaṃ,
如次第渐次开示,于一切法中昭示,
Mahesinā rūpagataṃva passati.
智者似魔王,通达一切色相。
Abhikkamissāmi paṭikkamissāmīti hi cittaṃ uppajjamānaṃ rūpaṃ samuṭṭhāpeti.
心生起时,起发意念欲下降与意念欲上升,遂使色相产生。
Na antalikkhena na samuddamajjhe,
非出于天空之中,也非在大海之内,
Na pabbatānaṃ vivaraṃ pavissa;
非入于山岳之穴,
Na vijjate so jagatippadeso,
彼处无有世间所在之地,
Yatthaṭṭhito mucceyya pāpakammā.
居于何方者,能断除恶业而得解脱。
Yaṃ pattaṃ kusalaṃ tassa, ānubhāvena pāṇino;
其所得为善业,凭依身口之感受而成。
Sabbe saddhammarājassa, ñatvā dhammaṃ sukhāvahaṃ;
一切善法之王者,了知此法乃带来安乐者;
Pāpuṇantu visuddhāya, sukhāya paṭipattiyā;
愿诸行皆清净,为安乐之行所成就;
Asokamanupāyāsaṃ, nibbānasukhamuttamaṃ.
愿无忧愁之最上涅槃之乐,得以成就随缘;
Ciraṃ tiṭṭhatu saddhammo, dhamme hontu sagāravā;
愿正法长久住世,法中具足庄严;
Sabbepi sattā kālena, sammā devo pavassatu;
愿诸众生皆于时节,得遇正觉如天神所护;
Yathā rakkhiṃsu porāṇā, surājāno tathevimaṃ;
如同昔日诸王守护其国,天帝亦护持此法。
Rājā rakkhatu dhammena, attanova pajaṃpajaṃ.
愿国王以法调护自身与百姓,犹如保护自身子女一般。
Tāva tiṭṭhatu lokasmiṃ, lokanittharaṇesinaṃ;
愿世间云云安住,为了令众生得以超越世间苦难;
Dassentī kulaputtānaṃ, nayaṃ paññāvisuddhiyā;
愿以智慧净化,指示诸贵族儿子得见正道;
Yāva buddhoti nāmampi, suddhacittassa tādino;
乃至世尊之名,归属于心清净者;
Lokamhi lokajeṭṭhassa, pavattati mahesino.
在世间之中,为世间至尊者佛陀所导引弘法广行。
Dutiyasannipāta第二次集会
Mahāpadānasutta aṭṭhakathā《大本经》注疏
Pucchā – aṭṭhakathā saṃgītiyā āvuso paṭhame sannipāte sakalā ca vinayasaṃvaṇṇanā dīghanikāye ca sīlakkhandhavaggavaṇṇanā abhidhamme ca dhammasaṅgahasaṃvaṇṇanā saṃgītā therehi chaṭṭhasaṃgītikārehi. Idāni pana dutiye sannipāte dīghanikāye mahāvaggavaṇṇanāto paṭṭhāya tadavasesānaṃ yathāvavatthitasaṃvaṇṇanānaṃ saṃgāyanokāso anuppatto. Tasmā imissā dutiyasannipātasaṃgītiyā pubbakiccavasena yathānuppattāya mahāvagge mahāpadānasuttasaṃvaṇṇanāya pucchāvissajjanaṃ kātuṃ samārabhāma. Mahāpadānasuttassa āvuso nidāne pariyāpannassa ‘‘karerikuṭikāya’’ntipadassa attho kathaṃ aṭṭhakathācariyena kathito.
问:阿阇世,第一品集之八种讲述、长部之戒蕴分辑述、阿毗达摩之法集述说,共由六位上座法师同诵。如今第二品集在长部中大品分辑述已完成,剩余诸品分辑述之详细诵述尚未具足。因此,对于此第二集诵,依前因缘绪绪、依实得成已者,如实起释大品分集中大本经之诘难应答,为始。至于大本经,阿阇世,已在缘起『胡蜂窝』品中阐明其义,开示此经教义之详细方法如何为注疏老师所说者。
Vissajjanā – mahāpadānasuttassa bhante nidāne pariyāpannassa karerikuṭikāyantipadassa attho ‘‘karerikuṭikāya’’nti karerīti varuṇarukkhassa nāmaṃ. Karerimaṇḍapo tassā kuṭikāya dvāre ṭhito, tasmā karerikuṭikāti vuccati. Yathā kosambarukkhassa dvāreṭhitattā kosambakuṭikāti evamādinā bhante aṭṭhakathācariyena kathito.
『柯勒梨窟底迦』——此语出自尊者《大本生经》之缘起部分,谓『柯勒梨窟底迦』为『柯勒梨』之意。柯勒梨者,名为『洒隆树』。洒隆树之茂密处,有一窟所立于门,其名曰『柯勒梨窟底迦』。如同在『苦桑树』门立者称『苦桑窟底迦』,此义乃尊者《注疏师》所说。
Karerikuṭikāyanti karerīti varuṇarukkhassa nāmaṃ.
『柯勒梨窟底迦』者,即谓洒隆树之名也。
Karerimaṇḍapo tassā kuṭikāya dvāre ṭhito, tasmā karerikuṭikāti vuccati. Yathā kosambarukkhassa dvāre ṭhitattā ekāsambakuṭikāti.
洒隆树之茂密处有一窟,立于门处,故名为『柯勒梨窟底迦』。如同苦桑树于其门立者,称为『苦桑窟底迦』。
Antojetavane kira karerikuṭi kosambakuṭi gandhakuṭi salaḷāgāranti cattāri mahāgehāni –
据传在安陀杰林中,有所谓『柯勒梨窟』、『苦桑窟』、『芳香窟』、『莎拉琐屋』四大房舍。
Ekekaṃ satasahassapariccāgena nipphannaṃ.
各以百千人等供养所成。
Tesu salaḷāgāraṃ raññā pasenadinā kāritaṃ.
其中莎拉琐屋,为王舍城王帕谢纳迪所建。
Pubbenivāsa宿住
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso nidāne pubbenivāsapaṭisaṃyuttā dhammīkathā udapādītivacanassa attho kathaṃ aṭṭhakathācariyena kathito.
问曰——尊者,在此缘起缘故中,前行住处相应的法义生起之句,其义如何由注疏师资详细说明?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante nidāne pubbenivāsapaṭisaṃyuttā dhammīkathā udapādīti vacanassa attho pubbenivāsapaṭisaṃyuttāti ekampijātiṃ dvepi jātiyoti evaṃ nibaddhena pubbenivuṭṭhakhandhasantānasaṅkhātena pubbenivāsena saddhiṃ yojetvā pavattitā. Dhammīti dhammasaṃyuttā. Udapādīti aho acchariyaṃ dasabalassa pubbenivāsañāṇaṃ. Pubbenivāsaṃ nāma ke anussaranti ke nānussarantīti diṭṭhiyā anussaranti, sāvakā sa paccekabuddhā ca buddhā ca anussaranti. Kataradiṭṭhiyo anussaranti. Ye aggapattā kammavādino tepi cattālīsaṃyeva kappe anussaranti, na tato paranti evamādinā bhante aṭṭhakathācariyena kathito.
答曰——尊者,此处缘起缘故中,前行住处相应的法义生起之语,所谓前行住处相应,是指一切只生一生或生两生的法,依前行住处俱足相续的法身聚合而相应结合发生。法者,即为法所相应而生。生起者,谓哉,惊奇于十力具足生产前行住处觉知。所谓前行住处,其所依者或通过记忆,或不依记忆。依记忆者,是指声闻、缘觉及如来三者皆能记忆。何种记忆?谓诸高明业报者,亦于四十四劫中记忆,然不超越此限,如此等义,尊者,注疏师资皆如是说。
Pubbenivāsapaṭisaṃyuttāti ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyoti evaṃ nibaddhena pubbenivuṭṭhakhandhasantānasaṅkhātena pubbenivāsena saddhiṃ yojetvā pavattitā.
所谓前行住处相应,即一生、两生之类相连结,以前行住处的法身聚合连续相应而起。
Kappaparicchedavāra劫分限章
Pucchā – tasmiṃ āvuso mahāpadānasutte uddesavāre navasu paricchedavāresu paṭhame kappaparicchedavāre bhaddakappeti padassa attho aṭṭhakathācariyena kathaṃ kathito.
问曰——尊者,在那《大本生经》说示文中,乃至九个章节的开头,第一劫章节首句中之“善劫”一词,其义怎样由注疏师资解说?
Vissajjanā – tasmiṃ bhante mahāpadānasutte uddesavāre navasu paricchedavāresu paṭhame kappaparicchedavāre bhaddakappeti padassa attho bhaddakappeti pañcabuddhuppādapaṭimaṇḍitattā sundarakappe sārakappeti bhagavā imaṃ kappaṃ thomento evamāha. Yato paṭṭhāya kira amhākaṃ bhagavā abhinīhāro kato, ekasmiṃ antare ekasmimpi kappe pañcabuddhā nibbattā nāma natthīti evamādinā bhante aṭṭhakathācariyena kathito.
答曰——尊者,于那《大本生经》说示文中,九节章节第一劫章节首句“善劫”一词之义,因五佛出世的壮美劫称为善劫,意为美好劫。佛陀对此劫称赞,谓吾辈曾于这一劫出世过五佛,如此等义,尊者,注疏师资皆说如此。
Vipassissa bhikkhave bhagavato ito so bhikkhave chanavutikappe yaṃ vipassī bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho loke udapādi –
尊比库!当世尊之先,三十二劫之前,所谓比婆师佛——
Saddakappeti pañcabuddhuppādapaṭimaṇḍitattā sundarakappe sārakappeti bhagavā imaṃ kappaṃ thomento evamāha –
『以坚定的信念』为根本,『五佛显现』为缘起,世尊称此劫为美劫;称为殊劫。世尊即对这劫如是称说:
‘‘Yato paṭṭhāya kira amhākaṃ bhagavatābhinīhāro kato, etasmiṃ antare ekasmimpi kappe pañcabuddhā nibbattā nāma natthi’’ –
『假使以我们所遭遇世尊的降诞为起点来计算,在此劫之间,没有任何一劫出现五佛同时现起』。
Āyuparicchedavāra寿量分限章
Pucchā – catutthe panāvuso āyuparicchedavāre appaṃ vā bhiyyoti etesaṃ padānaṃ attho kathaṃ aṭṭhakathācariyena kathito.
问曰:『尊者,关于第四劫中的寿命区分,何以有短寿与较长寿的区别?此中「短」字的意义,阿阇梨注疏如何解释?』
Vissajjanā – catutthe pana bhante āyuparicchedavāre appaṃ vā bhiyyoti etesaṃ padānaṃ attho ‘‘appaṃ vā bhiyyoti vassasatato vā upari appaṃ, aññaṃ vassasataṃ apatvā vīsaṃ vā tiṃsaṃ vā cattālīsaṃ vā paṇṇāsaṃ vā saṭṭhi vā vassāni jīvati. Evaṃ dīghāyuko pana atidullabho, asuko kira evaṃ ciraṃ jīvatīti tattha tattha gantvā daṭṭhabbo hotī’’ti evamādinā bhante tattha aṭṭhakathācariyena kathito.
答曰:『尊者,关于第四劫中的寿命短与较长短的区别,其义为:「短或较长,指寿命或在百年以下,或超过百年而生活二十年、三十年、四十年、五十年、六十年」。长寿者极为稀有,因其寿命恰如是而长久生活。此处应逐段细看领会。」尊者,当时即依此理,教授如是。
Mayhaṃ bhikkhave etarahi appakaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ parittaṃ lahukaṃ yo ciraṃ jīvati so vassasataṃ appaṃ vā bhiyyo.
比库们,论及此时,所谓短寿的寿命尺度范围较小;寿命虽短,却可长久;所谓长寿者,寿命达到一百年、或数十年而住世。
Appaṃ vā bhiyyoti vassasatato vā upari appaṃ, ayyaṃ vassasataṃ apatvā vīsaṃ vā tiṃsaṃ vā cattālīsaṃvā vā paṇṇāsaṃ vā saṭṭhi vā vassāni jīvati–
所谓『短或较长』,是指寿命在超过一百年或者不足一百年的状态;且寿命可达二十年、三十年、四十年、五十年、六十年六十年不等。
Upaṭṭhākaparicchedavāra侍者分限章
Pucchā – aṭṭhame panāvuso upaṭṭhākaparicchedavāre ānandotipade kathaṃ aṭṭhakathācariyena vaṇṇito.
问曰——在第八节中,关于侍者章节,于阿难多品位上,如何被注疏老师所阐述?
Vissajjanā – aṭṭhame pana bhante upaṭṭhākaparicchede pana ānandoti nibaddhupaṭṭhākabhāvaṃ sandhāya vuttanti evamādinā bhante aṭṭhakathācariyena vaṇṇito.
释曰——在第八节,尊者,侍者章节中,对阿难的名字所蕴含的侍者本质,依此而作说明,尊者是如此被注疏老师解说的。
Mayhaṃ bhikkhave etarahi ānando nāma bhikkhu upaṭṭhāko ahosi aggupaṭṭhāko–
比库们,我这里说的阿难,是作为比库中的侍者,且担任首席侍者的存在——
Bhagavatohi paṭhamabodhiyaṃ anibaddhā upaṭṭhākā ahesuṃ.
世尊最初觉悟时,侍者尚未具备完整连贯的侍奉状态。
Ekadā nāgasamālo pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā vicari.
有一日,持衣服如龙王般整洁在外游行。
Idameva te kāraṇaṃ sallakkhetvā nivārayimha.
正因缘于此,我以符印作标记以防止其外泄。
Ekacce bhikkhū iminā maggena gacchāmāti vutte aññena gacchanti.
有些比库听说遵循此道而行,实际上却依他人之说而行。
Uṭṭhehi āvuso ānanda, uṭṭhehi āvuso ānanda.
阿难啊,起来吧,朋友阿难,起来吧,朋友阿难。
Kaṃ panettha ānanda ādīnavaṃ passasi.
阿难啊,你在这里看见什么危险?
Kaṃ panettha ānanda ānisaṃsaṃ passasi.
阿难啊,你在这里看见什么因缘?
Samavattakkhandho atulo, suppabuddho ca uttaro;
等持蕴者无比,觉悟圆满者至胜;
Sattavāho vijitaseno, rāhulo bhavati sattamo –
七载之主横扫强敌,罗睺罗成为第七。
Sutanā sabbakāmāca, sucittā atha rocinī;
诸欲净满,心念清净,随顺良善;
Rucaggatī sunandāca, bimbā bhavati sattamā.
趣向欢喜,柔和愉悦,成为第七种宝珠。
Anekajātisaṃsāraṃ , sandhāvissaṃ anibbisaṃ;
轮回多生,奔走无尽;
Gahakāraṃ gavesanto, dukkhā jāti punappunaṃ;
寻找家奴,苦苦经历生死再三;
Gahakāraka diṭṭhosi, puna gehaṃ na kāhasi.
见到主人后,却不愿复归家中。
Sabbā te phāsukā bhaggā, gahakūṭaṃ visaṅkhataṃ;
你所有的脆弱裂片,破坏了房屋的屋顶;
Visaṅkhāragataṃ cittaṃ, taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagā.
离诸行而生之心,即于渴爱之灭而居中。
Ayoghanahatasseva , jalato jātavedaso;
如无毒水中之火焰,亦如世间之火。
Anupubbūpasantassa, yathā na ñāñate gati;
若未渐次平息者,其去向未为所知,犹如不明去处。
Evaṃ sammāvimuttānaṃ, kāmabandhoghatārinaṃ;
正如如此,真正得解脱者,断灭爱欲之苦。
Paññāpetuṃ gati natthi, pattānaṃ acalaṃ sukhaṃ.
无所依止者无去路,已得者者安住不动之乐。
Na pana bhagavā milakkhusadiso hoti nāpi āmuttamaṇikuṇḍalo.
然世尊非表面柔善之辈,亦非佩珠宝之人。
Te pana attano samānasaṇṭhānameva passanti.
他们只是观察自己内心的同一安住处。
Na kho ānanda ettāvatā tathāgato sakkato vā hoti garukato vā mānito vā pūjito vā apacito vā.
阿难啊,如来、萨咖或尊贵者,并非像那样被重视、被尊敬、被崇拜或被轻慢。
Kasmā pana bhagavā aññattha ekaṃ umāpupphamattampi gahetvā buddha guṇe āvajjetvā katāya pūjāya buddhañāṇenāpi aparicchinnaṃ vipākaṃ vaṇṇetvā–
那么,世尊为何会取一朵细小的嫩花,作为对佛陀品德的礼敬,请示教法,并以佛陀的智慧不间断地论述果报?
Yo kho ānanda bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā upāsako vā upāsikā vā dhammānudhammappaṭipanno viharati sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī so tathā gataṃ sakkaroti garukaroti māneti pūjeti apaciyati paramāya –
阿难啊,若有人比库、比库尼、近事男或近事女,依教随顺修行,持守正法,行法合宜,便是尊敬如来,重视如来,敬奉如来,不轻慢如来,最终得至极高者。
Siyā kho panānanda tumhākaṃ evamassa ‘atītasatthukaṃ pāvacanaṃ, natthi no satthā’ti.
阿难啊,愿你成为这般——认知过去世已成圣者的说法;世间无其他导师。
Na kho panetaṃ ānanda evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.
阿难啊,你不应仅此而见。
Dhammopi desito ceva paññattoca, vinayopi desito ceva paññatto ca–
法已宣说,戒律亦已宣说,这两者都已确定。
Assosi kho rājā māgadho ajātasattu vedehiputto bhagavā kira kusinārāyaṃ parinibbutoti.
据说,马嘎达国王未生怨,是王子,世尊即在拘尸那城涅槃。
Satthā nāma parinibbuto, na so sakkā puna āharituṃ, pothujjanikasaddhāya pana amhākaṃ raññā sadiso natthi, sace esa imināva niyāmena suṇissati, hadayamassa phalissati. Rājā kho pana amhehi anurakkhitabboti.
于名义上说,导师已涅槃,已无法再来。我们众生中无有像王者般的信仰,若有人依此规则聆听,必能感受其心的成就。国王应对我们加以保护。
Deva amhehi supinako diṭṭho, tassa paṭighātatthaṃ tumhehi dukūladupaṭṭaṃ nivāsetvā yathā nāsāpuṭamattaṃ paññāyati, evaṃ catumadhuradoṇiyā nipajjituṃ vaṭṭatīti.
天人曾梦见我们,因你们心怀敌意,在山林中安置刺蓬,如同刺鼻之物一般令人痛苦,如此将堕入四恶趣。
Deva maraṇato muccanakasatto nāma natthi, amhākaṃ āyuvaḍḍhano cetiyaṭṭhānaṃ puññakkhettaṃ abhisekasiñcako so bhagavā satthā kusinārāya parinibbutoti.
天人既不死且长寿,护卫此佛塔与功德地,世尊即是那位住于拘尸那者涅槃的导师。
Bhagavā sabbaññu nanu imasmiṃ ṭhāne nisīditvā dhammaṃ desayittha, sokasallaṃ me vinodayittha, tumhe mayhaṃ sokasallaṃ nīharittha, ahaṃ tumhākaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, idāni pana me paṭivacanampi na detha bhagavāti.
世尊全知全能,坐于此处宣说法,解我忧愁,驱除我等烦恼,吾已归依于汝。现在,世尊也不要给予我反对的言语了。
Nanu bhagavā ahaṃ aññadā evarūpe kāle tumhe mahābhikkhu saṅghaparivārā jambudīpatale cārikaṃ carathāti suṇomi.
难道世尊曾于其他时节,令大比库僧团在占婆大陆游行吗?我闻闻说是如此。
Mama parideviteneva na sijjhati, dasabalassa dhātuyo āharāpessāmīti evaṃ assosi.
他见我忧愁,安慰我说:『我必将助汝引来十万铁骑。』如此说。
Sace dassanti, sundaraṃ. No ce dassanti, āharaṇupāyena āharissāmīti caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ sannayhitvā sayampi nikkhantoyeva.
若他们来,则甚好;若不来,我们将以计谋筹备四路军队,于是我亦亲自出征。
Yathā ca ajātasattu, evaṃ licchavī ādayopi.
如同未生怨王子,利车族亦是如此。
Amhākaṃ dhātuyo vā dentu, yuddhaṃ vāti kusinārānagaraṃ parivāretvā ṭhite etaṃ bhagavā amhākaṃ gāmakkhettehi paṭivacanaṃ avocuṃ.
他们若派军来征讨或斗争,围攻库西那城,世尊便在本方对我等村邑乡野作答回。
Na mayaṃ satthu sāsanaṃ pahiṇimha, nāpi gantvā ānayimha. Satthā pana sayameva āgantvā sāsanaṃ pesetvā amhe pakkosāpesi. Tumhepi kho pana yaṃ tumhākaṃ gāmakkhette ratanaṃ uppajjati. Na taṃ amhākaṃ detha. Sadevake ca loke buddharatanasamaṃ ratanaṃ nāma natthi , evarūpaṃ uttamaratanaṃ labhitvā mayaṃ nadassāma, na kho pana tumhehiyeva mātuthanato khīraṃ pītaṃ. Amhehipi mātuthanato khīraṃ pītaṃ, na tumheyeva purisā, amhepi purisā. Hotūti aññamaññaṃ ahaṃkāraṃ katvā sāsanapaṭisāsanaṃ pesenti. Aññamaññaṃ mānagajjitaṃ gajjanti.
我等不愿舍弃师尊法教,也不愿远去引来军队。但师尊亲临,遣法教并使我们援助汝等。尔等乡邑所生珍宝非我所欲,不宜给我。我等虽无佛宝之胜,但若获此最高宝物,自当示与,怎肯私饮乳汁?我等亦视尔等如兄弟,尔等亦视我等为兄弟。于是彼此增生傲慢,各自发号施令,互相夸胜争斗。」
Ete rājāno bhagavato parinibbutaṭṭhāne vivādaṃ karonti, na kho panetaṃ patirūpaṃ, alaṃ iminā kalahena, vūpasamessāmi nanti.
这些诸王在世尊般涅槃之处相互争论,然此争辩并非恰当,于此纷争我必使其息灭。
Ācariyassa viya bho saddo, ācariyassa viya bho saddoti sabbe niravā ahesuṃ.
众人皆如师长之声,皆无所言语。
(1)
Suṇantu bhonto mama ekavācaṃ,
请听我一言,尊者们,
Amhāka buddho ahu khantivādo;
我们之佛为忍辱者;
Nahi sādhuyaṃ uttamapuggalassa,
非善哉利益于上乘圣者,
Sarīrabhāge siyā sampahāro.
若于身能生离断者。
(2)
Sabbeva bhonto sahitā samaggā,
诸尊皆同欢喜和合,
Sammodamānā karomaṭṭhabhāge;
欢悦相应,共结心愿;
Vitthārikā hontu, disāsu thūpā;
使其扩展如塔般高耸于四方;
Bahū janā cakkhumato pasannā.
众多贤士以明澈慧眼欢喜观之。
Na hi sādhukaṃ uttamapuggalassa, sarīrabhāge siyā sampahāroti na hi sādhuyanti na hi sādhu ayaṃ –
盖此非善法,非顶圣德者躯体所应得的终结;非善,非善,如是所说——
Bhagavā sabbasu pubbe mayaṃ tumhākaṃ dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ chabbaṇṇabuddharasmikhacitaṃ asītianubyañjanasamujjalitasobhaṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ sarīraṃ addasāma, idāni pana suvaṇṇavaṇṇāva dhātuyo avasiṭṭhā jātā, nayuttamidaṃ bhagavā tumhākanti parideviṃsu.
世尊昔日我们曾见汝之躯体,具足二十二相大丈夫之相,周满六色,佛光普照,麟肤华染,熠熠生辉,金色光辉;今其内五蕴已不复存,而世尊为汝哀伤悲恸。
Kena nu kho sadevakassa lokassa kaṅkhacchedanatthāya catusaccakathāya paccayabhūtā bhagavato dakkhiṇadāṭhā gahitāti olokento brāhmaṇena gahitāti disvā brāhmaṇopi daṭhāya anucchavikaṃ sakkāraṃ nasakkhissati gaṇhāmi natthi veṭṭhantarato gahetvā suvaṇṇacaṅkoṭake ṭhapetvā devalokaṃ netvā cūḷāmaṇicetiye patiṭṭhapesi –
世尊为何选择于此诸天世界除疑、宣说四圣谛时,持有右杖?目睹婆罗门持杖之相,念彼婆罗门也必对杖施以微敬。然我思量,非执杖棒为具,置黄金铃铛以备,所摄天界。乃于小宝塔处立之,
Rājagahe bhagavato sarīrānaṃ thūpañca mahañca akāsi.
在王舍城,世尊之身既瘦且大,
Samaṇassa gotamassa parinibbutakālato paṭṭhāya balakkārena sādhukīḷitāya upaddutumha, sabbe no kammantā naṭṭhāti.
比萨那尊者果德玛圆寂之时,强力毁除一切损害善法的恶业,诸业皆未灭绝。
Mahājano manaṃ padosetvā apāye nibbattīti disvā sakkaṃ devarājānaṃ dhātuāharaṇūpāyaṃ kāressāmāti tassa santikaṃ gantvā tamatthaṃ ārocetvā dhātuāharaṇūpāyaṃ karomi mahārājāti āhaṃsu.
世众愤怒心起,见天帝萨咖将以手段夺取舍利,遂至其近侍处告知真相,吩咐以夺舍利之策,于大王处言:“我为大王行此事”。
Bhante puthujjano nāma ajātasattunā samo saddho nāma natthi, na so mama vacanaṃ karissati, apica kho māravibhiṃ sakasadisaṃ vibhiṃsakaṃ dassessāmi mahāsaddaṃ sāvessāmi yakkhagāhakakhipitakaarocake karissāmi, tumhe amanussā mahārāja kupitā dhātuyo āharāpethāti vadeyyātha, evaṃ so āharāpessatīti–
尊者言:“世间人名为未生怨,信心平等无所分别,不听吾言。但我将示现如魔般一般恐怖之威,发大声响,驱使夜叉、鬼神、地狱使者来加害你们。尔等若训诫人王:勿使非人心怒夺舍利。”
Mahārāja amanussā kupitā, dhātuyo āharāpehīti bhaṇiṃsu.
诸大王言曰:“愿非人恶心勿怒污秽,是故令非人夺舍利。”
Na tāva bhante mayhaṃ cittaṃ tussati, evaṃ santepi āharantūti āha.
世尊啊,我的心神尚未安止,即便如此,也请将它带来。这是对当时情形的说明。
Mahārāja ekaṃ dhātunidhānaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatīti āha.
大王正在策划建立一处宝藏般的遗迹,为此而说话。
Anāgate laṅkādīpe mahāvihāre mahācetiyamhi nidahissanti.
未来,在兰加岛的大寺庙中的庄严大塔上,将会安置此物。
Mahāsāvaka cetī大声闻等
Imasmiṃ ṭhāne yo pāsāṇo atthi, so antaradhāyatu, paṃsu suvisuddhā hotu, udakaṃ mā uṭṭhahatūti adhiṭṭhāsi.
在此处若有石块,请令其消隐,愿沙土清净,不使水面起波,以此誓愿加以保证。
Idha rājā kiṃ kāretīti pucchantānampi mahāsāvakānaṃ cetiyānīti vadanti.
此地国王询问了世尊当时所做之事,大家称之为诸大弟子的寺塔。
Mālā mā milāyantu, gandhā mā vinassantu, dīpā mā vijjhāyantūti adhiṭṭhahitvā suvaṇṇapaṭṭe akkharāni chindāpesi –
他立下誓言,愿花环不凋谢,香气不消失,灯火不熄灭,进而在金布上刻写铭文——
Anāgate piyadoso nāma kumāro chattaṃ ussāpetvā asoko dhammarājā bhavissati, so imā dhātuyo vitthārikā karissatīti.
未来有一位名为慈爱的王子,他将执持雨伞,成为无忧无愁的法王,他必将化为一位不愠不怒的法王。这些说法是对该位法王德行的详细阐述。
Anāgate daliddarājā imaṃ maṇiṃ gahetvā dhātūnaṃ sakkāraṃ karotūti akkharaṃ chindāpesi.
未来贫穷之王持有此宝珠,对这些德行表示尊敬,因此用文字予以刻写。
Tāta ajātasattunā dhātunidhānaṃ kataṃ, ettha ārakkhaṃ paṭṭhapehīti pahiṇi.
父亲以未出世者之名,为这些德行的宝库作保障,此处所说的保护即是其防护之意。
Parikkhīṇodāni me āyūti aññāsi.
我已经了解到我的寿命即将完结,即将断尽。
Yesañca devaputtānaṃ maraṇanimittāni āvi bhavanti.
天子们的死亡原因亦逐渐显现出来。
Nassati vata bho me ayaṃ sampattīti bhayābhibhūto ahosi.
此功德果报确实消失了,我满心恐惧、深觉失落。
Atthi nu kho koci samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā lokapitā maho mahābrahmāvā, yo me hadayanissitaṃ sokasallaṃ samuddharitvā imaṃ sampattiṃ thāvaraṃ kareyyāti olokento kañci adisvā puna addasa mādisānaṃ satasahassānampi uppannaṃ sokasallaṃ sammāsambuddho uddharituṃ paṭibaloti.
是否确有某一沙门或婆罗门,乃至世间至高的大神梵天,曾见我从心中涌现的忧患痛苦得已消散,恒久持守此成就,曾亲自观察并再次见过数十万众生生起的忧患痛苦,被正觉者所拔除的事?
Aparipakkaṃ tāvassa ñāṇaṃ, katipāhaṃ pana atikkamitvā mayi indasālaguhāyaṃ viharante pañca pubbanimittāni disvā maraṇabhayabhīto dvīsu devalokesu devatāhi saddhiṃ upasaṅkamitvā cuddasa pañhe pucchitvā upekkhāpañhavissajjanāvasāne asītiyā devatāsahassehi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahissatīti cintetvā okāsaṃ nākāsi.
彼时我的智慧尚未圆熟,虽超越若干年,却处于辛勤闭关所在,见到了五种前行相,因惧怕死亡,便与两位天界之神及众神共往,向他们提出十三个问题,在抛弃无漏的问题之后,她们与一百多个神共计认为我将在得道果位上立定而不再退转,思索此事后便未再留恋时机。
Mama pubbepi ekakassa gatattā satthārā okāso nakato, addhā me natthi maggaphalassa upanissayo, ekassa pana upanissaye sati cakkavāḷapariyantāyapi parisāya bhagavā dhammaṃ desetiyeva. Avassaṃ kho pana dvīsu devalokesu kassaci devassa upanissayo bhavissati, taṃ sandhāya satthā dammaṃ desessati. Taṃ sutvā ahampi attano domanassaṃ vūpasamessāmīti.
过去也曾有一个圣者未得入涅槃时机,缘起不成道果无所依止,但唯有我今存正念依止于遍满世界的大众僧团,世尊也常为此大众演说法。必将在两位天界神中有某天神作依止者,故世尊将为此天神而说法。闻是,我亦当使自己忧患得安息。
Dvīsu devalokesu devatā gahetvā dhurena paharantassa viya satthāraṃ upasaṅkamituṃ nayuttaṃ, ayaṃpana pañcasikho dasabalassa upaṭṭhāko vallabho icchiticchitakkhaṇe gantvā pañhaṃ pucchitvā dhammaṃ suṇāti, imaṃ purato pesetvā okāsaṃ kāretvā iminā katokāse upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchissāmīti okāsakaraṇatthaṃ āmantesi.
两位天界神护持着手持杖的护卫者般走近圣者,这护卫者是随侍有五弟子与十力之众的亲信。圣者此刻带领前所差遣者,请求许我在此适时到来,向圣者提问。为此开口缘由,他如是说道。
Evaṃ mahārāja hotu, bhaddaṃ tava yo tvaṃ maṃ ehi mārisa uyyāna kīḷādīni vā naṭasamajjādīni vā dassanāya gacchāmāti avatvā buddhaṃ passissāma dhammaṃ sossāmāti vadasīti daḷhataraṃ upatthambhento devānamindassa vacanaṃ paṭissutvā anucariyaṃ sahacaraṇaṃ ekato gamanaṃ upāgami.
如此,愿大王安住!幸得你,我将至魔王花园,或舞乐盛会等处演说以示现法,也将见佛听法。这样说罢,他深坚信随侍天帝之言,奉随侍之人同往一处。
Vande te pitaraṃ bhadde, timbaruṃ sūriyavacchase;
礼敬你的父亲吧啊,大好之人,在太阳光辉普照时节;
Yena jātāsi kalyāṇī, ānandajananī mama.
「因你诞生,使我生起喜乐且美善。」
Evaṃ vutte bhagavā pañcasikhaṃ gandhabbadevaputtaṃ etadavoca. Saṃsandati kho te pañcasikha tantissaro gītassarena gītassaro ca tantissarena, naca pana te pañcasikha tantissaro gītassaraṃ ativattati gītassaro ca tantissaraṃ. Kadā saṃyūḷhā pana te pañcasikha vmi gāthā buddhūpasañhitā dhammūpasañhitā saṃyūpasañhitā arahantūpasañhitā kāmūpasañhitāti –
如是说时,世尊告诫那五顶头天人子:这五顶头天人在曼陀罗琴弦上相互挽留相缠绵,有以琴声缠绕,有以歌声缠绕;但五顶头天人中没有谁的琴弦能超越歌声,也没有谁的歌声能超越琴弦。然当五顶头天人齐集时,有吉祥韵律——是佛陀所近侍、法所近侍、聚合共有、阿拉汉所近侍、欲界所近侍,合和谐韵律之歌——唱诵此诗:
Bhagavatā pañcasikhassa okāso nakatoti devatā gahetvā tatova paṭinivatteyya. Tato mahājāniyo bhaveyya, vaṇṇe pana kathite kato bhagavatā pañcasikhassa okāsoti devatāhi saddhiṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchitvā vissajjanāvasāne asītiyā devatāsahassehi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahissatīti ñatvā vaṇṇaṃ kathesi.
因世尊准许,不可违犯,天人领受此命后即返回。然后在众生大聚处,因世尊所说此令,天人共聚问讯并依教奉行;在问讯受教终了之际,约一万多天人会聚,皆已了知能坚证初果之果德,便纷纷述说此义。
Atha kho bhagavā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca ‘‘acchariyamidaṃ āyasmato kosiyassa, abbhutamidaṃ āyasmato kosiyassa tāva bahukiccassa bahukaraṇīyassa yadidaṃ idhāgamana’’nti.
之后,世尊对天帝萨咖说:『此乃奇异无比者,为迦毗罗卫长老所成就的种种异迹中最为广博而应行者。』
Cirapaṭikāhaṃ bhante bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamitukāmo, api ca devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ kehici kehici kiccakaraṇīyehi byāvaṭo, evāhaṃ nāsakkhiṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ.
我长期心怀渴望,愿亲近聆听世尊教诲,然而诸天忉利天众因各别事务繁多,故不能如愿得见世尊。
Te ‘‘tava santakā, mama santakā’’ti nicchetuṃ asakkontā aḍḍaṃ karonti, sakkaṃ devarājānaṃ pucchanti, so ‘‘yassa vimānaṃ āsannataraṃ, tassa santakā’’ti vadati.
他们因不能亲近而相互劝慰,说『你是我的护卫,我是你的护卫』,并询问天帝萨咖『哪个是你的保护?』,天帝回答说『最接近我宫殿的,即是我的护卫。』
Yassa vimānaṃ olokentī ṭhitā, tassa santakāti vadati.
观察某人所立的住所者,即称其为“居所”或“栖息处”。
Idheva bhante kapilavatthusmiṃ gopikā nāma sakyadhītā ahosi buddhe pasannā dhamme pasannā saṅghe pasannā sīlesu paripūrakārinī, sā itthittaṃ virājetvā purisattaṃ bhāvetvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā.
恭敬的长老,在咖毕拉瓦图这座城中,有一位名为戈皮迦的释迦族女儿,她对于觉者、法、僧团皆生欢喜,身行端正纯洁,除却女身之相,修习成人之德,身终之后往生善趣天国。
Tassa dhammassa pattiyā, āgatamhāsi mārisa;
这是佛法出现的因缘,魔王曾前来到此处。
Katāvakāsā bhagavatā, pañhaṃ pucchemu mārisa.
佛陀已给予其机会,我们便向魔王问答疑问吧。
Puccha vāsava maṃ pañhaṃ, yaṃ kiñci manasicchasi;
我问天帝,把你心中所思所愿皆说与我听;
Tassa tasseva pañhassa, ahaṃ antaṃ karomi te.
对于你的所有问题,我即为你说明终极的答案。
Kiṃ saṃyojanā nu kho mārisa devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā ye caññe santi puthukāyā, te averā adaṇḍā asapattā abyāpajjā viharemu averinoti iti ca nesaṃ hoti. Atha ca pana saverā sadaṇḍā sasapattā sabyāpajjā viharanti saverinoti.
“什么是结缚呢?在魔、人、天、人非人、龙、乾闼婆以及其他诸存在中,是具足众多身体的,彼等若属于非暴力、不持杖、不受惩罚、不侵害者,我们称之为无害者。相反地,那些持杖、有惩罚、侵害他者者,称为有害者。”
Issāmacchariyasaṃyojanā kho devānaminda devā manussā asurā nāgā gandhabbā yecaññe santi puthukāyā, te averā adaṇḍā asapattā abyāpajjā viharemu averinoti iti ca nesaṃhoti, atha ca pana saverā sadaṇḍā sasapattā sabyāpajjā viharanti saverinoti.
“嫉妒和惊奇的结缚是什么呢?在诸天、天人、人、非人、龙、乾闼婆以及其他诸存在中,这些具足众多身体者,若是非暴力、不持杖、不受惩罚、不侵害者,我们称之为无害者。反之,若其持杖、有惩罚、侵害者,称为有害者。”
Issatīti issā, sā parasampattīnaṃ usūyanalakkhaṇā, tattheva anabhiratirasā, tato vimukhabhāvapaccupaṭṭhānā, parasampatti padaṭṭhānā, saṃyojananti daṭṭhabbā.
“嫉妒”即嫉妒者,谓彼对他人所成就者怀有厌恶之色,即心不乐他之味,继而发起偏见心、嫉恨心、嫉妒之足等,故称为结缚,应当观察其义。
Maccherabhāvo macchariyaṃ, taṃladdhānaṃ vā labhitabbānaṃ vā attano sampattīnaṃ nigūhanalakkhaṇaṃ, tāsaṃyeva parehi sādhāraṇabhāva akkhamanarasaṃ, saṅkocanapaccupaṭṭhānaṃ, kaṭukañcukatā paccupaṭṭhānaṃ vā, attasampattipadaṭṭhānaṃ, cetaso virūpabhāvoti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
“嫉妒心态”则是嫉妒的表现,是对于自他财富的隐瞒之相,是其与他人共享之时表现出的排斥与不和,或是收缩之态,或是苦涩烦恼之相,或是对自己财富的拘执不舍,或是心性丑陋之表现,应当观察了解。
Kiṃ vaṇṇo esoti taṃ taṃ dosaṃ vadanto pariyattiñca kassaci kiñci adento dubbaṇṇo ceva eḷamūgoca hoti.
“何为色相?”说这各各过失,传闻中有人未深入解释,导致其显色丑陋,犹如泥浆与水的混杂显现。
Yāva taṃ nappahīyati, tāva devamanussā averatādīni patthayantāpi verādīni naparimuccantiyeva.
“只要不放下这些,诸天人即使观看无害等境,也不能彻底除灭敌害等恶。”
Atha kho sakko devānamindo bhagavantaṃ uttari pañhaṃ apucchi–
于是萨咖天帝向世尊提出上方的问题——
Issāmacchariyaṃ pana mārisa kiṃ nidānaṃ kiṃ samudayaṃ kiṃ jātikaṃ kiṃ pabhavaṃ, kismiṃ sati issāmacchariyaṃ hoti, kismiṃ asati issāmacchariyaṃ na hotīti.
关于忌妒与惊异,魔王者问道:其缘起为何?其集为何?其生为何?其本起为何?在何者中忌妒与惊异生起?在何者中忌妒与惊异不生起?
Issāmacchariyaṃ kho devānaminda piyāppiyanidānaṃ piyāppiyasamudayaṃ piyāppiyajātikaṃ piyāppiyapabhavaṃ, piyāppiye sati issāmacchariyaṃ hoti, piyāppiye asati issāmacchariyaṃ nahotīti.
这忌妒与惊异,乃天帝所喜所爱的缘起、集、所生及本起;在所爱境中忌妒与惊异生起,不在所爱境中忌妒与惊异不起。
Na sakkā dātuṃ, kilamissati vā ukkaṇṭhissati vātiādīni vatvā macchariyaṃ karoti.
所谓忌妒,即是说对人不能给予、会嫉妒、心生不安等诸种言行,由此而生忌妒心。
Aho vatassa evarūpaṃ na bhaveyyāti issaṃ karoti.
啊,生起这种忌妒心的事物不应存在。
Mayampetaṃ mamāyantā na paribhuñjāma, na sakkā dātunti macchariya karoti.
他们因欺骗我故,我等不能与其分享,不可给予,此即忌妒心也。
Ṭhapetvā maṃ ko añño evarūpassa lābhīti issaṃ vā karoti, yācito tāvakālikampi adadamāno macchariyaṃ vā karoti.
既然已经确定了我,是谁还会对这样的利益生起占有欲呢?又或者即使被请求暂时给予,也不会对其嫉妒。
Piyāppiyaṃ kho pana mārisa kiṃnidānaṃ kiṃsamudayaṃ kiṃjātikaṃ kiṃpabhavaṃ, kismiṃ sati piyāppiyaṃ hoti, kismiṃ asati piyāppiyaṃ na hotīti.
然而,所爱与所恶,对魔王来说究竟有何缘起、何种产生、何种出世、何种存在?在何种条件下所爱所恶成立,在何种条件下所爱所恶不成立呢?
Piyāppiyaṃ kho devānaminda chandanidānaṃ chandasamudayaṃ chandajātikaṃ chandapabhavaṃ, chande sati piyāppiyaṃ hoti, chande asati piyāppiyaṃ na hotīti.
对于天人来说,欲爱是指对檀香的欲望,欲望的缘起,欲望的生起,欲望的存在;当存有念时称为所爱,念不起即非所爱。
Chandanidānantiettha pariyesanachando, paṭilābhachando, paribhoga chando, sannidhichando, vissajjanachandoti pañcavidho chando.
所谓檀香欲爱,即是寻求香气、获得香气、享用香气、临近香气和厌弃香气,这五种欲望。
Ime maṃ rakkhissanti gopissanti mamāyissanti samparivārayissantīti.
这些(五种欲望)将保护我,守护我,为我阻挡并围绕。
Chando kho pana mārisa kiṃnidāno kiṃsamudayo kiṃjātiko kiṃpabhavo, kismiṃ sati chando hoti, kismiṃ asati chando nahotīti. Chando kho devānaminda vitakkanidāno vitakkasamudayo vitakkajātiko vitakkapabhavo, vitakke sati chando hoti, vitakke asati chando na hotīti.
但魔王的欲望究竟为何缘起、缘起的原因、产生的性质、存在的性质?在何条件下欲望成立,何条件下不成立?同样,天人的思维欲望是指念头的缘起、思维的生起、思维的性质和存在;当念起时即是欲望,不起时则非欲望。
Ettakaṃ rūpassa bhavissati, ettakaṃ saddassa, ettakaṃ gandhassa, ettakaṃ rasassa, ettakaṃ phoṭṭhabbassa bhavissati, ettakaṃ mayhaṃ bhavissati, ettakaṃ parassa bhavissati, ettakaṃ nidahissāmi, ettakaṃ parassa dassāmīti vavatthānaṃ vitakkavinicchayena hoti. Tenāha chando kho devānaminda vitakkanidānoti.
色有多少?声有多少?香有多少?味有多少?触有多少?为我所有,有多少?为他所有,有多少?我将显现多少?他将显现多少?此为断思辨论的解释。由此知天帝便发起意欲(即贪欲)。
Kathaṃ paṭipanno pana mārisa bhikkhu papañcasaññāsaṅkhānirodhasāruppagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hotīti.
那么,魔主的比库如何修习这通向断除分别执取之作用的道路?
Somanassaṃpāhaṃ devānaminda duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbaṃpi asevitabbaṃpi. Domanassaṃpāhaṃ devānaminda duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbaṃpi asevitabbaṃpi. Upekkhaṃpāhaṃ devānaminda duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbaṃpi asevitabbaṃpi.
对于欢喜的滋味,天帝分别说应当亲近与不应当亲近。对于苦恼的滋味,天帝同样分别说应当亲近与不应当亲近。对于无喜无苦的舍,那天帝亦复如是分别应亲近与不亲近。
Kiṃ pana bhagavatā pucchitaṃ kathitaṃ apucchitaṃ, sānusandhikaṃ ananusandhikanti.
那么,世尊所问者、所说者、未问者、以及追问者、未追问者,意指何义?
Pucchitameva kathitaṃ no apucchitaṃ. Sānusandhikameva no ananusandhikaṃ.
所问者即是所说者,非所未问者。追问者乃是未追问者,非未追问者。
Ime pañcakkhandhā kiṃ hetukāti upaparikkhandho avijjādihetukāti passati.
这五蕴为何为缘?谓其为假合蕴,且由无明等所生因缘。
Ahosukhaṃ ahosukhanti vācaṃ nicchārayamānavasena uppajjati.
或喜悦,或非喜悦,言语随之自然流露而生起。
Ahodukkhaṃ ahodukkhanti vippalāpayamānameva uppajjati.
或苦恼,或非苦恼,恼乱之心亦由此而生。
‘‘Somanassaṃpāhaṃ devānaminda duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbaṃpi asevitabbaṃpī’’ti itikho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ. Tattha yaṃ jaññā somanassaṃ ‘‘imaṃ kho me somanassaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’’ti, evarūpaṃ somanassaṃ na sevitabbaṃ. Tattha yaṃ jaññā somanassaṃ ‘‘imaṃ kho me somanassaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’’ti, evarūpaṃ somanassaṃ sevitabbaṃ. Tattha yaṃ ce savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ, yaṃce avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ, ye avitakke avicāre, te paṇītatare. ‘‘Somanassaṃpāhaṃ devānaminda duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbaṃpi asevitabbaṃpī’’ti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
“关于天神之喜悦我说有二:应当修习的与不应当修习的。”此说源于某因。于其中,若知此喜悦,一旦修习,恶法增长,善法退转,则此喜悦不可修习。若知此喜悦一旦修习,恶法退转,善法增长,则此喜悦应当修习。又分为有正念正思惟者与无正念正思惟者,后者较胜上乘。关于“关于天神之喜悦说有二,应修习与不应修习”,此说即由此因缘成立。
Na laddhaṃ vata me sabrahmacārīhi saddhiṃ visuddhipavāraṇaṃ pavāretunti āvajjato domanassaṃ uppajjati, assudhārā pavattanti gāmanta pabbhāravāsī mahāsīvattherassa viya.
实不获与诸出家人相应,共同严格守清净戒律,因由生忧愁烦恼,恶流四起,如同村里深居的老大比库。
Amhākaṃ ācariyo aññesaṃ avassayo hoti, attano bhavituṃ na sakkoti, ovādamassa dassāmīti ākāsena gantvā vihārasamīpe otaritvā divāṭṭhāne nisinnaṃ ācariyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā vattaṃ dassetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
我师为他人施于帮助,而自己无力自护,乃至远行空地,近住寺院,昼夜坐处,闻教导立正前来示现,以示其行,独自一隅而坐。
Kiṃ kāraṇā āgatosi piṇḍapātikāti āha.
“你来何因?求食乞食吗?”如此问之。
Na te tumhākaṃ anumodanāya atthoti ākāse uppatitvā agamāsi.
你不是为了赞同你自己而在空中升起然后回来。
Imassa bhikkhuno pariyattiyā kammaṃ natthi, mayhaṃ pana aṅkusako bhavissāmīti āgatoti ñatvā idāni okāso na bhavissati, paccūsakāle gamissāmīti pattacīvaraṃ samīpe katvā sabbaṃ divasabhāgaṃ paṭhamayāma majjhimayāmañca dhammaṃ vācetvā pacchimayāme ekasmiṃ there uddesaṃ gahetvā nikkhante pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā teneva saddhiṃ nikkhanto.
此比库的迴向之业不存在,我却知晓说‘我将做起杖师’,如今没有空闲,待时机成熟必会前往。因此,我带着袈裟前往近处,整整一日三次诵说佛法,并在下午时分携带一个长老的教诲离去,持袈裟与其同行而出。
Tato ‘‘na mañce mayhaṃ catūhi iriyāpathehi maggaphalaṃ uppajjissati arahattaṃ apatvā neva mañce piṭṭhiṃ pasāressāmi, na pāde dhovissāmīti mañcaṃ ussāpetvā ṭhapesi.
后来,他对我说:‘我必不会凭四种行路之道而见得道果成阿拉汉,若不成阿拉汉,我则不会铺设坐垫,亦不会洗脚。’随即他舍火使其熄灭并放置。
Idāni me tiṃsavassāni samaṇadhammaṃ karontassa, nāsakkhiṃ arahattaṃ pāpuṇituṃ, addhā me imasmiṃ attabhāve maggovā phalaṃvā natthi, na me laddhaṃ sabrahmacārīhi saddhiṃ visuddhipavāraṇaṃ pavāretunti cintesi.
现在我修行圣道已有三十载,绝无眼见成就阿拉汉果,我现下所执此自身本性之道,既无法践行亦无有果报,故我思虑不与修行者共行清净戒律。
Bho mahāsīvatthera devatāpi tayā saddhiṃ keḷiṃ karonti, anucchavikaṃ nu kho te etanti vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ aggahesi. So idāni nipajjissāmīti senāsanaṃ paṭijaggitvā mañcakaṃ paññapetvā udakaṭṭhāne udakaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetvā pāde dhovissāmīti sopānaphalake nisīdi.
继而大长老及其天众与其同嬉嬉戏,且如是我实在问你:他们是增进慧观与解脱之力,并伴随智慧之精进而得成阿拉汉吗?他如今准备入寂,以座位作安置,施香掌握扇并设水器洗脚,坐于阶梯垫上。
Apetha bhante mātugāmoti okāsaṃ kāretvā theraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā purato ukkuṭiko nisīditvā pāde dhovissāmīti āha.
我说:‘上师,请起身前往母家村。’说完便起身前行,来至长老之前,礼拜后在前方方座上就座,说要洗脚。
Te paṇītatarā devā,
彼为最尊贵者的天众,
Akaniṭṭhā yasassino;
最上最盛名闻者;
Antime vattamānamhi,
在其末期来到时,
So nivāso bhavissati;
当有其住所;
Dhammadāyādā me bhikkhave bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā, atthi me tumhesu anukampā, kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādāti. Tumhe ca bhikkhave āmisadāyādā bhaveyyātha, no dhammadāyādā. Tumhepi tena ādiyā bhaveyyātha, āmisa dāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no dhammadāyādāti. Ahampitena ādiyo bhaveyyaṃ āmisadāyādā satthu sāvakā viharanti, no dhammadāyādāti. Tumhe ca me bhikkhave dhammadāyādā bhaveyyātha no āmisadāyādā. Tumhepi tena ādiyā bhaveyyātha dhammadāyādā satthu sāvakā viharanti, no āmisadāyādāti. Ahampi tena na ādiyo bhaveyyaṃ. Dhammadāyādā satthu sāvakā viharanti, no āmisadāyādāti. Tasmātiha me bhikkhave dhammadāyādā bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā, atthime tumhesu anukampā, kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādāti.
比库啊,请成为法布施者,不作世俗布施者。于你们中应有悲愍,无论如何应当成为法布施的弟子,不作世俗布施者。你们这些比库当成为世俗布施者,不作法布施者。你们也因此应成为世俗布施者,因世俗布施者而修行,非因法布施者。若我为初因,世尊弟子因世俗布施而修行,而非法布施者。你们当成为法布施者,不要世俗布施者。你们也因此应成为法布施者,因法布施者而修行,不是因世俗布施者。我亦非初因,弟子因法布施修行,不是因世俗布施者。故此,比库们,应成为法布施者,不是世俗布施者。愿于你们中彼此有悲悯,无论如何愿弟子成为法布施者,不作世俗布施者。
Kahaṃ buddho kahaṃ bhagavā kahaṃ devadevo narāsabho purisasīhoti bhagavantaṃ pariyesanti.
世尊、世尊者、天帝、众生之尊、雄狮人中之王,众生寻找彼世尊。
Vuttampicetaṃ ‘‘tena kho pana samayena bhagavā sakkato hoti garukato mānito pūjito apacito lābhī cīvara piṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ, bhikkhusaṅghopi kho sakkato hoti…pe… parikkhārāna’’nti.
又说,当时世尊以天帝般的尊贵庄严、受人尊重供养,受到赞誉而未遭轻慢,受用如袈裟、乞食、席坐、呕吐物、疾病、药物、清洁用具等因缘,而比库众僧也以天帝般的尊敬相待……及其用具。
Yāvatā kho cunda etarahi saṅgho vā gaṇo vā loke uppanno, nāhaṃ cunda aññaṃ ekasaṅghampi samanupassāmi, evaṃ lābhagga yasaggapattaṃ, yathariva cunda bhikkhusaṅghoti.
直到现在,准德还如同比库众僧般的团体或聚会在人间出现,我准德没有见过另有任何一众僧众能比拟,具有如此利益和捨离的样貌,这正如准德比库众僧一般。
Amhākaṃ ācariyassa detha, upajjhāyassa dethāti uccāsadda mahāsaddaṃ karonti. Sā ca nesaṃ pavatti bhagavatopi pākaṭā ahosi. Tato bhagavā ananucchavikanti dhammasaṃvegaṃ uppādetvā cintesi.
我们对尊师、长老的供养及恩赐,当高声隆重地宣布。这种情况以佛陀示现为显著而广为人知。于是世尊生起对佛法的深刻悲愤,生发精进之念,独自深思。
Paccayā akappiyāti na sakkā sikkhāpadaṃ paññapetuṃ. Paccayapaṭibaddhā hi kulaputtānaṃ samaṇadhammavutti. Handāhaṃ dhammadāyādapaṭipadaṃ desemi.
所谓因缘不可亲近,是指不应授与受戒。因缘所系者即是出家人依止于家族的戒律修行。眼下我正宣说法之给予与实行的轨则。
Sā sikkhākāmānaṃ kulaputtānaṃ sikkhāpadapaññatti viya bhavissati nagaradvāre ṭhapitasabbakāyikaādāso viya ca, yathā hi nagara dvāre ṭhapite sabbakāyike ādāse cattāro vaṇṇā attano chāyaṃ disvā vajjaṃ pahāya niddosā honti.
此将成为欲受戒的出家人戒律的定型,就如设在城门口的全身覆盖衣饰牌般,城门口以有四种颜色的全身覆盖衣饰标示,修行人见其影子即知戒律且行戒,故舍弃罪业无过。
So hi brāhmaṇa bhagavā anuppannassa maggassa uppādetā, asañjātassa maggassa sañjanetā, anakkhātassa maggassa akkhātā, maggaññū maggavidū maggakovidotica. So hāvuso bhagavā jānaṃ jānāti, passaṃ passati cakkhubhūto ñāṇabhūto dhammabhūto brahmabhūto vattā pavattā atthassa ninnetā amatassa dātā dhammassāmī tathāgatotica, ….
那位婆罗门世尊是未现之道的发明者,是未曾被认识之道的显现者,是未被说明之道的说明者,是道的知者、道的解说者、道的实践者、道的显现者、解脱的指引者、无死者的赐予者、法的主宰、如来的导师……。
Paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi.
以净洁的副食和主食,在正确的时机予以适度供养,使之得以滋养和增长。
Are tvaṃ sugatātirittampi piṇḍapātaṃ paṭikkhipitvā īdisaṃ icchaṃ uppādesi.
『若汝即便已超越如来而去,仍放弃供养饭食,便起此等欲心。』
Dubbharo bhikkhu na sakkā posituṃ.
比库负担沉重,难以维持生命。
Amhākaṃ bhadanto subharo thokenapi tussati, mayameva naṃ posissāmāti paṭiññaṃ katvā posenti.
贤者们乃心安理得地满足于少许,唯有我们承诺承担此事而养护。
‘‘Are tvaṃ nāma tadā sugatātirittampi piṇḍapātaṃ paṭikkhipitvā tathā jighacchādubbalyaparetopi samaṇadhammaṃ katvā ajja kosajjamanuyuñjasi’’ –
『汝当知,即便越过如来,弃置供养饭食,仍能修行比库法,于今安于寂静精勤修习。』——
Yā ca kho ānandakathā abhisallekhitā cetovinīvaraṇasappāyā ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Seyyathidaṃ appicchakathāti …,.
此即阿难之语,浸染心识烦恼障碍、覆蔽心智,导致一味厌离、断灭、平息、三明、觉悟、涅槃涌现。譬如这简略论述……。
Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ pāvisi.
世尊于是说说完此语后,善逝从坐席上起身进入住所。
Imaṃ mayā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddiṭṭhaṃ vitthārena avibhattaṃ, dhammapaṭiggāhakā bhikkhū uggahetvā ānandaṃ vā kaccānaṃ vā upasaṅkamitvā pucchissanti, te mayhaṃ ñāṇena saṃsandetvā kathessanti, tato dhammapaṭiggāhakā puna maṃ pucchissanti, tesaṃ ahaṃ sukathitaṃ bhikkhave ānandena, sukathitaṃ kaccānena, maṃ cepi tumhe ekamatthaṃ puccheyyātha, ahampi naṃ evameva byākareyyanti.
此义由我简略陈说,详细阐明未曾省略。取得法的比库们将接续前来,或是阿难,或是咖吒那等,前往就近询问,他们依我智慧融会贯通后详加说明。随后取得法者又将再来问讯,我因而与阿难、与咖吒那等都善说之。汝等若也一齐询问,我自亦照此方法详细释说。
Cūḷagosiṅgasutta小牛角经
Evaṃ me sutaṃ ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā nātike viharati giñjakāvasathe, tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ca anuruddho āyasmā ca nandiyo āyasmā ca kimilo gosiṅgasālavanadāye viharanti. Athakho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena gosiṅgasālavanadāyo, tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho dāyapālo bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘mā mahāsamaṇa etaṃ dāyaṃ pāvisi, santettha tayo kulaputtā attakāmarūpā viharanti, mā tesaṃ aphāsukamakāsī’’ti.
如是我闻,一时世尊不远处住于树林中草舍。正是此时,长老阿努儒达、长老难提及长老基米罗等三位长老栖息于基米罗树林居处。傍晚时分,世尊从禅定中起,向该树林居处前去。时见守护者大护法远远走来。见世尊,便语曰:「大沙门勿入此林,此地三族子身虽在此,心却不安,不可轻忽亲近。」
Ahaṃ ime kulaputte paggaṇhitvā ukkaṃsitvā paṭisanthāraṃ katvā dhammaṃ nesaṃ desessāmīti.
我已思惟计较,决定作殊胜教授而非他说法,意欲为三族子作法。
Assosi kho āyasmā anuruddho dāyapālassa bhagavatā saddhiṃ mantayamānassa. Sutvāna dāyapālaṃ etadavoca, mā āvuso dāyapāla bhagavantaṃ vāresi, satthā no bhagavā anuppattoti.
长老阿努儒达听闻时,于与大护法共议时,说言:「莫担忧,大护法,世尊不会厌弃,他乃导师,无有几时不出现。」
Mayaṃ tayo janā idha viharāma, aññe pabbajitā nāma natthi, ayañca dāyapālo pabbajitena viya saddhiṃ katheti, ko nu kho bhavissatīti.
我等三人栖于此,无他出家众,且护法如出家人般与我等谈论,谁能说将来会如何?」
Ayaṃ dāyapālo phaṇakataṃ āsivisaṃ gīvāya gahetuṃ hatthaṃ pasārentoviya loke aggapuggalena saddhiṃ kathentova na jānāti, aññatarabhikkhunā viya saddhiṃ kathetīti.
此人有怜悯心,伸开双手仿佛要抓取挂在颈侧的箭矢,但却不知世间上与这位至尊共语者是谁,宛如某一比库与之共语者一般。
Mayaṃ tayo janā samaggavāyaṃ vasāma. Sacāhaṃ ekakova paccuggamanaṃ karissāmi. Samaggavāso nāma na bhavissatīti piyamitte gahetvāva paccuggamanaṃ karissāmi. Yathā ca bhagavā mayhaṃ piyo, evaṃ sahāyānampi me piyoti, tehi saddhiṃ paccuggamanaṃ kātukāmo sayaṃ akatvāva upasaṅkami.
我们三人同住于一处。我将单独先行一步。友爱相合的同住将不复存在,我愿持所爱之善友,先行独自离开。若世尊对我亲爱,亦如世尊所爱助伴者,他们亦爱我,故我自愿先行未动,径直前去。
Tassa mayhaṃ bhante evaṃ hoti, yaṃ nūnāhaṃ sakaṃ cittaṃ nikkhipitvā imesaṃyeva āyasmantānaṃ cittassa vasena vatteyyanti. So kho ahaṃ bhante sakaṃ cittaṃ nikkhipitvā imesaṃyeva āyasmantānaṃ cittassa vasena vattāmi, nānāhi kho no bhante kāyā ekañca pana maññe cittanti.
如此,我尊者亲近你时,认为我真已将心专注于这些尊者们的心中。我则确实如此,将心专注于这些尊者的心中,虽然各自体躯众多,但我认为身体各部分唯有一心存在。
Sādhu sādhu anuruddhā, kacci pana vo anuruddhā appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharathāti.
很好很好,尊者安努律!你们安努律等是否均精进用功,勤勉专注,守护清净地生活?
Taggha mayaṃ bhante appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharāmāti.
如实是,尊者,我们勤勉专注,守护清净地生活。
Yathā kathaṃ pana tumhe anuruddhā appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharathāti.
然后,请问你们如何精进用功,勤勉专注,守护清净地生活?
Atthi pana vo anuruddhā evaṃ appamattānaṃ ātāpīnaṃ pahitattānaṃ viharantānaṃ uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāroti.
但是,对于你们这些修习不疏忽、具热诚且专注于正法的阿努儒达人来说,所修持的上上人法是具有无染污清净的智慧见解特质的清净行持。
Kiṃ hi no siyā bhante. Idha mayaṃ bhante yāvadeva ākaṅkhāma, vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāma, ayaṃ kho no bhante amhākaṃ appamattānaṃ ātāpīnaṃ pahitattānaṃ viharantānaṃ uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanaviseso adhigato phāsuvihāroti.
尊敬的比库们,有何不可呢?在此,我等尊敬的比库们只要如愿意,远离欲乐,远离不善法,怀有正确念头与思惟,由此生起的离俗而成就的喜乐幸福,进入第一禅定而修习时,这正是我们这些不疏忽、具有热诚并专注正法的比库们所成就的上上人法,即具明了断疑的智慧见解特质的真实修行。
Sagāthāvaggasaṃyutta aṭṭhakathā《相应部·有偈品》注释
Yakkhasaṃyutta亚卡相应
Āḷavakasutta阿拉瓦咖经
Evaṃ me sutaṃ ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā āḷaviyaṃ viharati āḷavakassa yakkhassa bhavane.
如是我闻:一时,世尊住在阿阇耶国中,住于阿阇耶国城内一位耆鬼的府邸。
Nāsakkhi migaṃ gahetunti apavādamocanatthaṃ kājenādāya āgacchanto nagarassāvidūre bahalapattapalāsaṃ mahānigrodhaṃ disvā parissamavinodanatthaṃ tassa mūlamupagato.
为了捕捉鹿,以解除淫欲放逸,从家中离开,来到城郊,见到许多广阔巨大枝叶繁茂的婆罗树,为了纵情消遣而近前其根部。
Ye ye vajjā honti, te te sandhāya ‘‘yo jīvitatthiko, so nikkhamatū’’ti bhaṇati.
各诸部族聚集时,各自议论说:‘谁是生命的基缘者,他应当出家。’
Rājā core gahetvā yakkhassa detīti manussā corakamma to paṭiviratā. Tato aparena samayena navacorānaṃ abhāvena purāṇacorānañca parikkhayena bandhanāgārāni suññāni ahesuṃ.
国王将盗匪逮捕交给耆鬼,因此人们不再盗窃。从此以后,由于新盗匪的消失,过去旧盗匪的监狱牢房也空无一人。
Rājā amhākaṃ pitaraṃ amhākaṃ pitāmahaṃ pesetīti manussā khobhaṃ karissanti, mā vo etaṃ ruccīti vāresi.
人们说:『国王派遣我们的父亲,我们的祖父,必然会引起我们的愤怒。不要让你们喜欢这种事。』
Natthi deva nagare dārako ṭhapetvā antepure tava puttaṃ āḷavakakumāranti.
在天城中,没有少年放置于内院成为阿拉维的儿子。
Atha kho āḷavako yakkho yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca nikkhama samaṇāti. Sādhāvusoti bhagavā nikkhami. Pavisa samaṇāti. Sādhāvusoti bhagavā pāvisi. Dutiyampi kho oḷavako yakkho bhagavantaṃ etadavoca nikkhama samaṇāti. Sādhāvusoti bhagavā nikkhami. Pavisa samaṇāti. Sādhāvusoti bhagavā pāvisi. Tatiyampi kho āḷavako yakkho bhagavantaṃ etadavoca nikkhama samaṇāti. Sādhāvusoti bhagavā nikkhami. Pavisa samaṇāti. Sādhāvusoti bhagavā pāvisi. Catutthampi kho āḷavako yakkho bhagavantaṃ etadavoca nikkhama samaṇāti. Na khvāhaṃ taṃ āvuso nikkhamissāmi. Yaṃ te karaṇīyaṃ, taṃ karohīti. Pañhaṃ taṃ samaṇa pucchissāmi, sace me na byākarissasi, cittaṃ vā te khipissāmi, hadayaṃ vā te phālessāmi, pādesu vā gahetvā pāragaṅgāya khipissāmīti. Na khvāhaṃ taṃ āvuso passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya, yo me cittaṃ vā khipeyya hadayaṃ vā phāleyya pādesu vā gahetvā pāragaṅgāya khipeyya. Apica tvaṃ āvuso puccha yadā kaṅkhasīti.
之后阿拉维的夜叉因世尊而来,来见世尊后对佛言:『出家人啊,世尊出去了。』世尊答曰:『善哉,我出去。』『世尊进去了。』答曰:『善哉,我进去。』阿拉维夜叉第二次向世尊说:『出家人啊,世尊出去了。』世尊答曰:『善哉,我出去。』说世尊进去了,答:『善哉,我进去。』第三次,阿拉维夜叉对世尊说:『出家人啊,世尊出去了。』答:『善哉,我出去。』进去了,答:『善哉,我进去。』第四次,阿拉维夜叉对世尊说:『出家人啊,我不想出去。你该做的,就去做吧。我要问你问题,若你不能回答,我会损害你的心智,打破你的心房,甚至抓住你的脚将你扔到河岸上。』我不愿目睹你在这世间与魔王、调戏的婆罗门、沙门及世人同处,若有人损害我的心智,打破我的心房,抓住脚将我扔到河岸上。你若生起疑心,请问吧。
Ko so bhagavānāma, yo mama bhavanaṃ paviṭṭhoti āha.
世尊啊,您叫什么名字?闯入我府上的人是谁?
Na tvaṃ āvuso jānāsi bhagavantaṃ amhākaṃ satthāraṃ, yo tusitabhavane ṭhito pañcamahāvilokitaṃ viloketvātiādinā nayena yāva dammacakkapavattanā kathentā paṭisandhiādīsu dvattiṃsapubbanimittāni vatvā imānipi tvaṃ āvuso acchariyāni nāddasāti codesuṃ.
你不知道世尊是我们的导师吗?他住于忉利天宫,观四大千世界五次大观,他说法转动法轮,述说复次相续等说法,已说二十三种前行相。你难道不感到惊异而生起愤怒吗?
Passatha dāni tumhākaṃ vā satthā mahānubhāvo, ahaṃ vāti dakkhiṇapādena saṭṭhiyojanamattaṃ kelāsapabbatakūṭaṃ akkami.
现在观看你们的导师这位大德者,他说:『我带着右脚行走了约六十由旬,游历花山之巅。』
Yaṃ nūnāhaṃ kenaci ajeyyaṃ dussāvudhaṃ muñceyyanti.
我实在不知道究竟是谁会放弃这不可战胜的恶兵器。
Idaṃ kāraṇaṃ mettāvihārayutto samaṇo, handa naṃ rosetvā mettāya viyojemīti iminā sambandhenetaṃ vuttaṃ, atha kho āḷavako yakkho yena bhagavā…pe… nikkhama samaṇāti.
因为此缘,一位修习慈心的出家人,万勿对他生恼怒,应以慈心对待。关于这点有此说法:阿拉维亚夜叉对世尊说……世尊谓之出家修行者。
‘‘Subbaco vatāyaṃ samaṇo ekavacaneneva nikkhanto, evaṃ nāma nikkhametuṃ sukhaṃ samaṇaṃ akāraṇenevāhaṃ sakalarattiṃ yuddhena abbhuyyāsinti muducitto hutvā puna cintesi –
苏巴诃此出家人,仅凭一句话离去,他这样说:“出家确实是一件幸福的事。”我反复苦思,整日沉湎于战争,心怯懦,继而思惟——
Subbaco ayaṃ samaṇo nikkhamāti vutto nikkhamati. Pavisāti vutto pavisati. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ samaṇaṃ evameva sakalarattiṃ kilametvā pāde gahetvā pāragaṅgāya khipeyyanti pāpakaṃ cittaṃ uppādetvā catutthavāraṃ āha nikkhama samaṇāti.
“苏巴诃说此人出家了,确实出家了,说他入道了,确实入道了。假使有人终日侮辱此出家人,践踏其足,溯大河将其投入水中,生起恶念,第四次却仍称他为‘出家人’。”
Kiṃ sūdha vittaṃ purisassa seṭṭhaṃ,
何物是人的最好财富,
Kiṃsu suciṇṇaṃ sukhamāvahāti;
何物能带来清净与安乐?
Kiṃsu have sādutaraṃ rasānaṃ,
有什么比美妙的味道更为可贵呢?
Kathaṃ jīviṃ jīvitamāhu seṭṭhanti;
怎样的生命方式才能被称为最优呢?
Saddhīdha vittaṃ purisassa seṭṭhaṃ,
信心如财富,是人的最佳财产,
Dhammo suciṇṇo sukhamāvahāti;
法则如净水,为人带来真正的愉悦;
Saccaṃ have sādutaraṃ rasānaṃ,
真理乃是最美妙的滋味,
Paññājīviṃ jīvitamāhu seṭṭhanti.
智慧是生命中最尊贵的存在。
Saddho sīlena sampanno,
信心坚定且具足戒律,
Yaso bhogasamappito;
声誉与财物皆备,
Yaṃ yaṃ padesaṃ bhajati,
无论何处奉事,
Tattha tattheva pūjitoti vacanato –
正说为『在彼处即受敬重』者,
Saccena vācenudakampi dhāvati,
真理之言亦如流水奔流,
Visampi saccena hananti paṇḍitā;
智者以真理斥破谬妄。
Saccena devo thanayaṃ pavassati,
真实无妄者,天神降雨普润世间,
Sacce ṭhitā nibbutiṃ patthayanti.
真实确立者,证得涅槃寂灭。
Yekecime atthi rasā pathabyā,
世间或存若干感官乐趣,
Saccaṃ tesaṃ sādutaraṃ rasānaṃ;
其中真实为最殊胜善美之乐;
Sacce ṭhitā samaṇabrāhmaṇā ca,
真实确立者,即得出家修行婆罗门,
Taranti jātimaraṇassa pāranti.
超越生死轮回,解脱彼岸。
Kathaṃsu tarati oghaṃ, kathaṃsu tarati aṇṇavaṃ;
如何渡过洪流,如何渡过激流?
Kathaṃsu dukkhamacceti, kathaṃsu parisujjhati.
如何尽离苦,如何得安住?
Saddhāya tarati oghaṃ, appamādena aṇṇavaṃ;
以信心渡过洪流,以不懈精进渡过激流;
Vīriyena dukkhamacceti, paññāya parisujjhati.
以精进尽离苦,以智慧得安住。
Kathaṃsu labhate paññaṃ, kathaṃsu vindate dhanaṃ;
如何获得智慧,如何得到财富?
Kathaṃsu kittiṃ pappoti, kathaṃ mittāni ganthati;
如何获得名誉,如何结交朋友?
Asmā lokā paraṃ lokaṃ, kathaṃ pecca na socatīti–
我们这一世界之外还有他界,究竟为何往生彼方而不生忧忧悲伤?
Saddahāno arahataṃ, dhammaṃ nibbānapattiyā;
是因为坚定信解阿拉汉圣者之法,对涅槃的实现心生信顺;
Sussūsaṃ labhate paññaṃ, appamatto vicakkhaṇo.
故而获得充足的智慧,有觉悟且精进善巧。
Patirūpakārī dhuravā, uṭṭhātā vindate dhanaṃ;
其善根如同织造复杂华美织物般珍贵稀有,努力奋发者能得财物;
Saccena kittiṃ pappoti, dadaṃ mittāni ganthati.
凭真实名声得享声誉,慷慨施与,结交众多善友;
Asmā loko paraṃ lokaṃ, evaṃ pecca na socati.
因此我们这一世界之外的彼方世界,往生后乃不生忧愁悲哀。
Yassete caturo dhammā,
若有人具足四法,
Saddhassa gharamesino;
在信心坚定者之家,
Saccaṃ dammo dhiti cāgo,
真实性、戒律、忍耐与布施,
Sa ve pecca na socati;
彼于来世不生忧恼;
Iṅgha aññepi pucchassu,
且让他人尽可询问,
Puthū samaṇabrāhmaṇe;
婆罗门沙门大众中。
Yadi saccā dhammā cāgā,
若真法实,则应付出奉献,
Khantyā bhiyyodha vijjhati.
以宽忍为重,亦更胜于刺伤。
Kathaṃ nu dāni puccheyyaṃ, puthū samaṇabrāhmaṇe;
今当如何而问,众多沙门婆罗门,
Yohaṃ ajja pajānāmi, yo attho samparāyiko.
我今日所知,究竟利益何在?
Atthāya vata me buddho, vāsāyāḷavimāgamā;
因世尊来临,具足仁慈方便,
Yohaṃ ajja pajānāmi, yattha dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ.
我今日所知,乃是授予之大果实。
So ahaṃ vicarissāmi, gāmā gāmaṃ purā puraṃ;
我将游行,村落接村落,城镇接城镇,
Namassamāno sambuddhaṃ, dhammassa ca sudhammataṃ.
一边礼敬无上正觉者,一边礼敬清净法,
Imaṃ kumāraṃ satapuññalakkhaṇaṃ,
这位少年,具足圣洁功德标志,
Sabbaṅgupetaṃ paripuṇṇabyañjanaṃ;
完备庄严,所有相具足;
Udaggacitto sumano dadāmi te,
我心高昂欢喜,愿将其赠予于你,
Paṭiggaha lokahitāya cakkhumāti.
承诺为护持众生利益的慧眼。
Dīghāyuko hotu ayaṃ kumāro,
愿此少年寿命长久,
Tuvañca yakkha sukhito bhavāhi;
愿侍者天安乐自在;
Abyādhitā lokahitāya tiṭṭhatha;
愿他无病,为众生利益而立。
Ayaṃ kumāro saraṇamupeti buddhaṃ…pe… dhammaṃ…pe… saṅghaṃ.
此少年依止佛、法、僧三宝。
Mahāvaggasaṃyutta aṭṭhakathā大品相应注疏
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā sāriputto magadhesu viharati nālakagāmake ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Cundo ca samaṇuddeso āyasmato sāriputtassa upaṭṭhāko hoti.
过去某时,世尊住于沙瓦提城,揭德林中给孤独长者的林苑。那时长老沙利子在摩揭陀国的那拉迦村住持病苦,遭受严重病痛。准提同修者準提(Cundo)担当沙利子长老的侍者。
Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto teneva ābādhena parinibbāyi. Atha kho cundo samaṇuddeso āyasmato sāriputtassa pattacīvaramādāya yena sāvatthi jetavanaṃ anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmo, yenā yasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho cundo samaṇuddeso āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca ‘‘āyasmā bhante sāriputto parinibbuto, idamassa pattacīvara’’nti. Atthi kho idaṃ āvuso cunda kathā pābhataṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya, āyāmāvuso cunda, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamissāma, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocessāmāti. ‘‘Evaṃ bhante’’ti kho cundo samaṇuddeso āyasmato ānandassa paccassosi.
随后,长老沙利子因病证得般涅槃。然后,准提同修者携带长老沙利子的袈裟,自那拉迦村往沙瓦提揭德林给孤独长者的林苑。因阿难赴见世尊,准提抵达后,向长老阿难问安,随即坐于一旁。他告知阿难说:“长老沙利子已般涅槃,这袈裟即是其遗物。”准提与世尊相会的缘由,正是为此。阿难对准提如是回答:“如是,如是。”
Buddhā nu kho paṭhamaṃ parinibbāyanti, udāhu aggasāvakāti.
佛陀们果先成阿拉汉,故称为首席弟子。
Anujānātu me bhante bhagavā, anujānātu sugato. Parinibbāna kālo me, ossaṭṭho me āyusaṅkhāroti.
世尊,愿您许可,愿善逝许可。我的般涅槃时刻,我的寿命已尽。
Kattha parinibbāyissasi sāriputtāti.
世尊问:“沙利子,你将在哪里般涅槃?”
Atthi bhante magadhesu nālakagāme jātovarako, tatthāhaṃ parinibbāyissāmīti.
沙利子答:“世尊,在摩揭陀国那兰伽村,我将在那里般涅槃。”
Yassa dāni tvaṃ sāriputta kālaṃ maññasi, idāni pana te jeṭṭhakaniṭṭha bhātikānaṃ tādisassa bhikkhuno dassanaṃ dullabhaṃ bhavissati, desehi nesaṃ dhammanti āha.
世尊告诫沙利子:“如今你认为时机未到,但以后对于长老和年轻比库们,像你这样的比库出现将难得,他们的住处就是这里的佛法。”
Athakho āyasmā ca ānando cundo ca samaṇuddeso yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ayaṃ bhante cundo samaṇuddeso ‘evamāha āyasmā bhante sāriputto parinibbuto, idamassa pattacīvara’nti. Apica me bhante ‘madhuraka jāto viya kāyo, disāpi me na pakkhāyanti, dhammāpi maṃ nappaṭibhanti āyasmā sāriputto parinibbuto’ti’’ sutvā–
当时长老阿难和准比库准德,以修行者身分前往世尊所处之地,敬礼世尊后坐于一旁。长老阿难对世尊说:“世尊,此比库准德谓‘长老沙利子已般涅槃,得其袈裟。且谓我身如甘露之出生,四方无朋,法亦不亲近,长老沙利子已般涅槃。’听闻如此——
Appakenapi medhāvī, pābhatena vicakkhaṇo;
即使是愚钝者,智慧者,或是先见明达者,
Samuṭṭhāpeti attānaṃ, aṇuṃ aggiṃva sandhamanti.
都能激起自身,就像细微火焰相连一样,彼此相属。
Yo pabbajī jātisatāni pañca,
若有比库,历经多生,长夜漫漫五劫,
Pahāya kāmāni manoramāni;
舍弃情欲,断绝爱好,
Taṃvītarāgaṃ susamāhitindriyaṃ;
以无贪欲、心念坚固、诸根收摄,
Parinibbutaṃ vandatha sāriputtaṃ.
如来已灭尽者,沙利迦,即应当礼敬。
Khantibalo pathavisamo na kuppati,
耐心有力如同大地平稳不动,
Nacāpi cittassa vasena vattati;
心意无所左右无法被支配;
Anukampako kāruṇiko ca nibbuto,
慈悲柔和,已经圆寂者,
Parinibbutaṃ vandatha sāriputtaṃ.
请敬礼已入般涅槃的沙利子长老。
Caṇḍālaputto yathā nagaraṃ paviṭṭho,
如同乞丐的儿子进入城镇,
Nīcamano carati kaḷopihattho;
卑劣无耻,手持坏棍四处游荡;
Tathā ayaṃ viharati sāriputto,
如是,沙利子住于此处,
Parinibbutaṃ vandatha sāriputtaṃ.
众人敬礼已灭尽的沙利子。
Usabho yathā chinnavisāṇako,
犊牛如同被拔除刺矛,
Aheṭṭhayanto carati purantare vane;
无挂碍地自在行走于林野旷野,
Tathā ayaṃ viharati sāriputto;
如是,沙利子住于此处,
Parinibbutaṃ vandatha sāriputtanti.
众人敬礼已灭尽者沙利子。
Apica me bhante madhurakajāto viya kāyo.
比库啊,我的身体就如同生了蜜般甘甜。
Kiṃ nukho te ānanda sāriputto sīlakkhandhaṃ vā ādāya parinibbuto, samādhikkhandhaṃ vā ādāya parinibbuto, paññākkhandhaṃ vā ādāya parinibbuto, vimuttikkhandhaṃ vā ādāya parinibbuto, vimutti ñāṇadassanakkhandhaṃ vā ādāya parinibbutoti.
阿难啊,难道那些如沙利多一样持戒的比库,或持定之蕴的比库,或具慧之蕴的比库,或具解脱之蕴的比库,或具解脱知见之蕴的比库,都是由这些蕴而涅槃吗?
Nanu taṃ ānanda mayā paṭikacceva akkhātaṃ sabbehi piyehi manā pehi nānābhāvo vinābhāvo aññathābhāvo, taṃ kutettha ānanda labbhā ‘‘yaṃ taṃ jātaṃ bhūtaṃ saṅkhataṃ palokadhammaṃ, taṃ vata māpalujjī’’ti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
阿难啊,我确实已经用诸般深爱、意念、无分别及分别等分别,详尽诠释过了,何处能获得这句“那已生、已成、生灭、诸法无常者,切不可贪恋”?这样的立足点又从何而得呢?
Dasakaniddesa十法释
Tattha katamaṃ tathāgatassa ṭhānañca ṭhānato aṭṭhānañca aṭṭhānato yathābhūtaṃ ñāṇaṃ. Idha tathāgato ‘‘aṭṭhānametaṃ anavakāso yaṃ diṭṭhisampanno puggalo kañci saṅkhāraṃ niccato upagaccheyya netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī’’ti pajānāti, ‘‘ṭhānañca kho etaṃ vijjati yaṃ puthujjano kañci saṅkhāraṃ niccato upagaccheyya ṭhānametaṃ vijjatī’’ti –
这里,关于如来的立足处,从立足处及八处如实认识的知识。此处如来所知“这八处是无遗漏的,任何见解异端之人,若确有恒常之取,必生入此立场”,他由此知晓,“恒常立场乃产生于任何世人一切有为处”。
Kammato dvārato ceva;
此处为业之门,
Kappaṭṭhitiyato tathā;
亦为生命之所系;
Pākasādhāraṇādīhi;
由果熟、因普遍等诸项而成;
Viññātabbo vinicchayo.
应当分别审察判断。
Mayā bhante uppanno coro na sakkā paṭibāhituṃ, saṅgho parasamuddaṃ gacchatu, ahaṃ samuddārakkhaṃ karissāmīti.
我对世尊说:贵尊所生之盗贼无力反抗,僧团当如波海般来护持,我当作海上守卫。
Āvuso mahāsoṇa abhiruha mahāulumpanti.
友人大索那乘上法座,高声欢呼。
Nāhaṃ bhante tumhesu agacchantesu gamissāmīti yāvatatiyaṃ kathetvāpi theraṃ āropetuṃ asakkontā nivattiṃsu.
我不愿与诸尊同行,长老虽一再劝说欲令其从崇高位置受教,却无所成,遂告退。
Evarūpassa nāma lābhaggayasaggappattassa sarīradhātunicayaṭṭhānaṃ anāthaṃ jātanti cintayamāno nisīdi.
如此利益及果位已得者,因身法聚集于中立之处,陷入无依,生起忧虑而坐。
Bhante etaṃ paṇṇakhādakamanussānaṃ vasanaṭṭhānaṃ, dhūmo paññāyati, ahaṃ purato gamissāmīti theraṃ vanditvā attano bhavanaṃ agamāsi. Thero sabbampi bhayakālaṃ paṇṇakhādakamanusse nissāya vasi.
尊者说:这是人间食叶者的栖息之所,尘烟遮蔽智慧。我向长老顶礼,表示今当前往,于是至其住处。长老在这全然恐怖的时期,依止于食叶者的修行而安居。
Āvuso mahāsoṇa bhikkhāhāro paññāyatīti vatvā pattacīvaraṃ āropetvā cīvaraṃ pārupitvā pattaṃ nīharitvā aṭṭhāsi.
朋友,称大索那比库明白比库以食为资粮,取衣披衣、整衣清扫、收起叶片之事。
Mahāsoṇatthero pañcabhikkhusataparivāro maṇḍalārāmavihāraṃ patto, ekeko navahatthasāṭakena saddhiṃ ekekakahāpaṇagghanakaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ detūti manusse avocuṃ.
大索那长老与五比库群体一同,抵达圆满园林精舍,分别用九十九手掌和各自大小的饭器施予供养,人们如是说。
Anāyatane naṭṭhānaṃ attabhāvānaṃ pamāṇaṃ natthi, buddhānaṃ upaṭṭhānaṃ karissāmīti cetiyaṅgaṇaṃ gantvā appaharitaṃ karoti.
无栖处者无自我真实大小,欲为佛陀侍卫,遂往祭祀场所,进行清理。
Mayaṃ tāva mahallakā, idaṃ nāma bhavissatīti na sakkā jānituṃ, tuvaṃ attānaṃ rakkheyyāsīti.
我们乃长者,不可预知此事将来如何,惟愿汝善护自安。
Kahaṃ vattabbakanigrodhatthero, kahaṃ vattabbakanigrodhattheroti pucchitvā tassa santikaṃ agamaṃsu.
询问:当思念如来尼拘陀长老之所应在何处乎?遂至其面前问讯。
Kiṃ thero piyāyatīti.
何谓长老亲爱者?
Kīdiso theroti.
何以称之为长老?
Dhammasakaṭassa akkho bhijjati akkho bhijjatīti paridevamāno vicari.
修习法者之眼睛湿润,心生悲悯而深思。
8. Sammappadhānavibhaṅga8. 正勤分别
1. Suttantabhājanīyavaṇṇanā1. 经藏分类解释
Cattārome āvuso sammappadhānā. Katame cattāro. Idhāvuso bhikkhu anuppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyunti ātappaṃ karoti, uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyunti ātappaṃ karoti, anuppannā me kusalā dhammā anuppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyunti ātappaṃ karoti, anuppannā me kusalā dhammā anuppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyunti ātappaṃ karoti, uppannā me kusalā dhammā nirujjhamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyunti ātappaṃ karotīti.
四种精进法,善友啊,何谓此四?在此,善友比库于未生起之恶不善法中,为其将生亦为导致损害而发起精进;于已生恶不善法中,为其未断亦导致损害而发起精进;于未生善法中,为其将生且能导致无损害而发起精进;于未生善法中,为其未生且能导致无损害而发起精进;于已生起善法中,为其灭尽且能导致无损害而发起精进。
Upajjhāyo me ativiya pasannacitto vandati, kiṃ nu kho pupphāni labhitvā pūjaṃ kareyyāsīti cintesi.
导师以极为欢喜之心而礼敬我,思忖说:“若能得花以供养者,当如何?”
‘‘Kadā āgatosīti pucchi’’
问曰:“何时到来?”
Tvaṃ amhe uccākulāti sallakkhesi.
你称呼我们为高洁圣众。
16. Ñāṇavibhaṅga十六、智分别
10. Dasakaniddesavaṇṇanā十、十法义释注释
Ekissā lokadhātuyā于一个世界界中
Aṭṭhānametaṃ anavakāso yaṃ ekissā lokadhātuyā dve arahanto sammāsambuddhā apubbaṃ acarimaṃ uppajjeyyuṃ, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatīti pajānāti.
此地无可容身,如一世界中仅有两个阿拉汉正自觉者轮流初转法轮,却无此处可立,是人所能知晓的。
Ajja satthā parinibbāyati, ajja sāsanaṃ osakkati, pacchimadassanaṃ dāni idaṃ amhākanti dasabalassa parinibbutadivasato mahantataraṃ kāruññaṃ karissanti.
今世尊正入般涅槃,今法亦将湮灭,今朝我们这十方众多强大阿拉汉入灭之日,将示现更大悲悯。
Ekapuggalo bhikkhave loke uppajjamāno uppajjati acchariyamanusso, katamo ekapuggalo tathāgato bhikkhave arahaṃ sammāsambuddhoti.
比库,世间生一人者为奇异,人中谁是如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者?
Jhānavibhaṅga禅那分别
Suttantabhājanīya经分别
Abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hoti.
净信起时是觉悟周全的行为者。
Sato sampajāno abhikkamati,
具念且全觉者即生净信。
Sato sampajāno paṭikkamatīti vuttaṃ.
念住具正知,谓之调伏。
Kinnū me ettha gatena attho atthi natthīti atthānatthaṃ pariggahetvā atthapariggaṇhanaṃ sātthakasampajaññaṃ.
于此当晓无论有义无义,皆取义义取,谓义取即正智觉。
Āmisatopi vaḍḍhi atthoyeva, taṃ nissāya brahmacariyā nuggahāya paṭipannattāti vadanti.
布施亦增长正义,依此而行修行戒律者,是谓此义。
Mayā pabbajitadivasato paṭṭhāya bhikkhunā saddhiṃ dvekathā nāma nakathitapubbā, aññasmiṃ divase uparivisesaṃ nibbattessāmīti cintetvā ‘‘kiṃ bhante’’ti paṭivacanaṃ adāsi.
我出家已历数日,曾与比库共言二事,即将事前叙,念彼日终盼殊胜事生,问曰:「沙门尊者,何事?」
Bhante ete manussā tumhākaṃ kiṃhonti, mātipakkhato sambandhā pitipakkhatoti.
尊者,人间诸人谓汝等是何?眷属谓彼称父母。
Āvusoyaṃ mātāpitūhipi dukkaraṃ, taṃ ete manussā amhākaṃ karonti, pattacīvarampi no etesaṃ santakameva, etesaṃ ānubhāvena neva bhaye bhayaṃ na chātake chātakaṃ jānāma, edisānāma amhākaṃ upakārino natthīti tesaṃ guṇe kathento gacchati.
父母令人生苦难,然此众生为我等所造,饱饮衣物非为自私,惟以助我我不惧惧,似曰识鸠悉知鸠物,吾等称之助护及善德言之者行。
Kammaṭṭhānaṃ nāma atthītipi saññaṃ akatvā gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pavisitvā ananulomikena gihisaṃsaggena saṃsaṭṭho caritvā ca bhuñjitvā ca tuccho nikkhamati.
所谓业处者,是指不持有对所在之处的固着观念,入村乞食时,不逆行扰乱俗人,举止整齐安稳,饮食之后,不值此无益之行而退去。
Āvuso tumhe na iṇaṭṭā na bhayaṭṭā na ājīvikā pakatā pabbajitā, dukkhā muccitukāmā panettha pabbajitā. Tasmā gamane uppannakilesaṃ gamaneyeva nigaṇhatha. Ṭhāne, nisajjāya, sayane uppannakilesaṃ sayaneyeva niggaṇhathāti.
尊友!你们非邪恶、不懼怕、不依赖生计而出家,是为欲断苦而出家。行住坐卧时,现起烦恼即当断除。立时当断立时烦恼,坐时当断坐时烦恼,卧时当断卧时烦恼。
Ayaṃ bhikkhu tuyhaṃ uppannaṃ vitakkaṃ jānāti, ananucchavikaṃ te etanti attānaṃ paṭicodetvā vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā ariyabhūmiṃ okkamati.
这位比库知晓自身现起之念头,审慎不放逸,由此自励增长观慧,进入圣境。
Ayaṃ thero punappunaṃ nivattitvā gacchati, kiṃ nukho maggamūḷho udāhu kiñci pamuṭṭhoti samullapanti.
此长老反复往来,何必迷惑于修行道途,却口中胡言乱语。
Kinnū kho ete amheheva saddhiṃ na sallapanti udāhu añña maññampi, yadi aññamaññampi na sallapanti, addhā vivādajātā bhavissanti.
这等人彼此不共语,甚至互不交谈,若不能彼此交流,必生争论。
Aññaṃ uppajjate cittaṃ, aññaṃ cittaṃ nirujjhati;
心生异见,心亦灭绝;
Avīci manusambandho, nadī sotova vattati.
地狱无间断相,犹如河水流转不断。
Ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti.
被光明照耀、注视时,能够具足正念正知。
Sace bhikkhave nandassa puratthimā disā āloketabbā hoti, sabbaṃ cetasā samannāharitvā nando puratthimaṃ disaṃ āloketi ‘evaṃ me puratthimaṃ disaṃ ālokayato nābhijjhā domanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssavissantī’ti. Itiha sātthaka sampajāno hoti. Sace bhikkhave nandassa pacchimā disā, uttarā disā, dakkhiṇā disā, uddhaṃ, adho, anudisā anuviloketabbā hoti, sabbaṃ cetasā samannāharitvā nando anudisaṃ anuviloketi ‘evaṃ me anudisaṃ anuvilokayato…pe… sampajāno hotīti….
比库们,若难陀应当观照东方,须以全心全意观照,难陀观照东方时,念言:『我观照东方时,贪欲、忧愁等恶不善法不生。』由是而生具义的正念正知。若难陀当观照西方、北方、南方、上方、下方、旁方,也须以全心全意观照,难陀观照旁方时念言:『我观照旁方时,……具足正念正知。』
Bhavaṅgā vajjanañceva, dassanaṃ sampaṭicchanaṃ;
心所念现的状况显现,所见所取入三摩地;
Santīraṇaṃ voṭṭhabbanaṃ, javanaṃ bhavati sattamaṃ.
清净与圆满之念形成禅那之果;
Samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti.
内心安稳并扩展,保持正念正知。
Samiñjite pahāriteti pabbānaṃ samiñjana pasāraṇe.
『弯曲时击打』者,即弯曲与伸展膝关节也。
Kasmā bhante sahasā hatthaṃ samiñjitvā puna yathāṭhāne ṭhapetvā saṇikaṃ samiñjitthāti.
何以尊者?突然以手收摄,然后又如原处放回,逐渐渐进地收摄。此法显示收摄非一蹴而就,须渐进而行。
Yato paṭṭhāya mayā āvuso kammaṭṭhānaṃ manasikātuṃ āraddho, na me kammaṭṭhānaṃ muñjitvā hattho samiñjitapubbo, idāni pana me tumhehi saddhiṃ kathayamānena kammaṭṭhānaṃ muñcitvā samiñjito, tasmā puna yathā ṭhāne ṭhapetvā samiñjesinti.
因我等同学初起意趣于修行处所用心观照前,未曾放下所修行处手而先行收摄;如今诸汝共言放下修行处手后再收摄,故复如原位放置而收摄已。
Sādhu bhante bhikkhunā nāma evarūpena bhavitabbanti.
善哉尊者,此乃比库应当如是而成就。
Saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti.
于穿着僧袍、受持衣物时,应具足正念正知而行。
Puggalapaññattiaṭṭhakathā《人施设》注疏
Ekakaniddesa一法解说
Katamo ca puggalo samayavimutto, idhekacco puggalo kālena kālaṃ samayena samayaṃ aṭṭha vimokkhe kāyena phusitvā viharati, paññāya cassa disvā ekacce āsavā parikkhīṇā honti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo samayavimutto.
何谓『时间解脱者』?彼中有一人随顺时间之际,于某时刻得见,于时得解脱,身体得触诸法而行。如是之人名为时间解脱者,有些见智慧,而其余烦恼皆已尽除。
Asamayavimutta非时解脱
Katamo ca puggalo asamayavimutto, idhekacco puggalo naheva kho kālena kālaṃ samayena samayaṃ aṭṭhavimokkhe kāyena phusitvā viharati, paññāya cassa disvā āsavā parikkhīṇā honti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo asamayavimutto. Sabbepi ariya puggalā ariye vimokkhe asamayavimuttā.
何者谓人不受时节束缚者?有此人,非也,彼不随时节逐刻遨游,然于时机解脱时,身触清净,智慧见证其内染尽除。此谓人不受时节束缚也。所有圣者,于圣解脱中悉皆不受时节束缚。
Kuppākuppaniddesa动与不动解说
Katamo ca puggalo kuppadhammo, idhekacco puggalo lābhī hoti rūpasahagatānaṃ vā arūpasahagatānaṃ vā samāpattīnaṃ, so ca kho na nikāmalābhī hoti na akicchalābhī na akasira lābhī, na yatthicchakaṃ yadicchakaṃ yāvaticchakaṃ samāpajjatipi vuṭṭhātipi, ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjhati, yaṃ tassa puggalassa pamādamāgamma tā samāpattiyo kuppeyyuṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo kuppadhammo.
何者谓人有恶业?此有一人,虽获色界或无色界成就,然彼非贪得成就,非断除成就,非无限成就,非愿得愿弃成就。若其有得,亦为堕落,因其疏忽,成就则堕落。此谓人有恶业。
Sattakkhattuparama sotāpanna极七返预流者
Katamo ca puggalo sattakkhattuparamo, idhekacco puggalo tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpanno hoti avinipāta dhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo, so sattakkhattuṃ deve ca mānuse ca sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti, ayaṃ vuccati puggalo sattakkhattuparamo.
何者谓人超七生者?此有一人,断除三结,成为初果阿拉汉,性不改变,坚决求悟,历七生会天人与人间,行转轮圣王所行,令苦尽灭。此谓人超七生。
Sotāpanna adhippāyya预流意向
Soto sototi hidaṃ sāriputta vuccati, katamo nukho sāriputta sototi. Ayameva hi bhante ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo soto. Seyyathidaṃ, sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhīti. Sotāpanno sotāpannoti hidaṃ sāriputta vuccati, katamo nukho sāriputta sotāpannoti. Yo hi bhante iminā ariyena aṭṭhaṅgikena maggena samannāgato, ayaṃ vuccati sotāpanno, svāyaṃ āyasmā evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto iti vāti, itivā….
声即为声,沙利子此谓听闻之音。何为听闻?乃圣八正道之声也。举例谓:正见……至正定。初果即为初果,沙利子此谓初果,缘圣八正道具足,故名初果,自称者云是名。如是……
Kolaṃ kola sotāpanna家家预流者
Katamo ca puggalo kolaṃ kolo. Idhekacco puggalo tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpanno hoti avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo, so dve vā tīṇi vā kulāni sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti, ayaṃ vuccati kolaṃ kolo.
何者谓人族多?此有一人,断三结,成为初果,性不变,坚求觉悟,历二族或三族,人天交往,令苦尽灭。此谓人族多。
Ekabījī sotāpanna一种子须陀洹
Katamo ca puggalo ekabījī, idhekacco puggalo tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpanno hoti avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo, so ekaṃyeva mānusakaṃ bhavaṃ nibbattetvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti, ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ekabījī.
何者谓人一种子?此有一人,断三结,成为初果,性不变,坚求觉悟,于某一人间界归灭苦尽。此谓人一种子。
Sakadāgāminiddesa斯陀含的解说
Katamo ca puggalo sakadāgāmī, idhe kacco puggalo tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmī hoti sakideva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo sakadāgāmī.
何等人是须往来果比库?于此谓之何如比库者,彼于三结缚断尽之时,除却贪嗔痴,乃至断除烦恼,乃成为须往来果。只有此人,往至此世,断除苦恼。此人谓为须往来果比库。