三藏之路 Tipitaka Path
巴利三藏 · 巴利语翻译标准中译
首页藏外VinayapiṭakaMahāvaggapāḷi

Mahāvaggapāḷi · Mahāvaggapāḷi

271 段 · CSCD 巴利原典
Mahāvaggapāḷi《大品巴利》
Saṃgāyanassa pucchā vissajjanā结集的问答
Pucchā – ubhato vibhaṅgānantaraṃ āvuso porāṇakehi saṃgītikāramahātherehi kaṃ nāma pāvacanaṃ saṃgītaṃ.
问曰:二者之间的章节区别何在?尊者们中称何名为「净业之律合唱」?
Vissajjanā – ubhato vibhaṅgānantaraṃ bhante porāṇakehi saṃgītikāramahātherehi khandhakā saṃgītā.
答曰:二者之间的章节区别中,尊者们所讲称「律藏合唱」。
Pucchā – te pana āvuso khandhakā vaggabhedena katividhā.
问曰:诸尊者!根据律藏章部分,种类有几何?
Vissajjanā – te pana bhante khandhakā duvidhā vaggabhedena mahāvaggo cūḷavaggoti.
答曰:诸尊者!律藏分为两大章部,即大师章与小师章。
Pucchā – mahāvagge āvuso kati khandhakā pariyāpannā.
问曰:大师章中,诸尊者!共有多少律藏章?
Vissajjanā – mahāvagge bhante dasakhandhakā pariyāpannā, seyyathidaṃ, mahākhandhako uposathakkhandhako vassūpanāyikakkhandhako pavāraṇākkhandhako cammakkhandhako bhesajjakkhandhako kathinakkhandhako cīvarakkhandhako campeyyakkhandhako kosambakakkhandhakoti.
答曰:大师章中,尊者们共具十律藏章,即大师律藏章、守斋律藏章、雨季扎净律藏章、忏悔律藏章、皮革律藏章、药物律藏章、难行律藏章、衣服律藏章、缝补律藏章及居住律藏章。
Pucchā – mahākhandhake āvuso bahū kathāyo, katamā tāsaṃ ādikathā.
问曰:大部中多有多种说法,哪些是这些说法的开端?
Vissajjanā – mahākhandhake bhante bodhikathā ādi.
答曰:大部中尊者,觉悟说法等为开端。
Mahākhandhaka大篇集
Mahābodhipucchā大菩提问
Pucchā – tasmātiha āvuso tato paṭṭhāya taṃ pucchissāmi, bhagavā āvuso paṭhamābhisambuddhakāle kattha kīvacīraṃ kenākārena vihāsi.
问曰:因此,尊者,我接下来整理后,将要问您,世尊在第一次正觉时,在哪里以何种方式久住?
Vissajjanā – bhagavā bhante paṭhamābhisambuddho bodhirukkhamūle sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena vihāsi vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedī.
答曰:世尊尊者,于第一次正觉时,于菩提树下,七日以单坐禅定安住,体会解脱之乐。
Pucchā – tadā āvuso bhagavā kīdisaṃ dhammaṃ manasikatvā kīdisaṃ udānaṃ udānesi.
问曰:当时尊者,世尊是以怎样的法念念,又以怎样的嘱咐嘱付?
Vissajjanā – tadā bhante bhagavā rattiyā paṭhamaṃ yāmaṃ rattiyā majjhimaṃ yāmaṃ rattiyā pacchimaṃ yāmaṃ paṭiccasamuppādaṃ anulomaṃ paṭilomaṃ manasikatvā tīṇi udānāni udānesi.
答曰:当时尊者,世尊于夜间第一更时、夜间中更时及夜间后三更时,分别以顺行、逆行缘起法念念,宣说三种嘱咐。
Ajapāla阿阇波罗
Pucchā – tassa āvuso sattāhassa accayena bhagavā kattha vihāsi.
问:尊者,请问世尊在此处整整停留了七天,所处何地?
Vissajjanā – tassa bhante sattāhassa accayena bhagavā ajapāla nigrodhamūle vihāsi, sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena vihāsi vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedī.
答:尊者,世尊在这七天内,住于阿闍世迦尼树根下,单坐一席,亲证解脱之乐。
Mucalindā穆遮林达
Pucchā – tassapi āvuso sattāhassa accayena bhagavā kattha vihāsi.
问:尊者,世尊同样这七天又在哪里住?
Vissajjanā – tassa bhante sattāhassa accayena bhagavā mucalindamūle sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisīdi.
答:尊者,世尊在这七天里,住于无遮木根下,单坐一席。
Pucchā – tassapi āvuso sattāhassa accayena bhagavā kattha vihāsi.
问:尊者,世尊这七天又在何处?
Vissajjanā – tassapi bhante sattāhassa accayena bhagavā rājāyatanamūle sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisīdi vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedī.
答:尊者,世尊这七天住于王舍城境内,单坐一席,亲证解脱之乐。
Pucchā – tassapi āvuso sattāhassa accayena bhagavā kattha vihāsi.
问曰——尊者啊,过去一周之久,世尊住在哪里?
Vissajjanā – tassa bhante sattāhassa accayena bhagavā punadeva ajapālanigrodhamūle vihāsi.
答曰——尊者啊,过去一周之久,世尊仍旧住于阿耶巴兰树根下。
Pucchā – tasmiṃ pana āvuso ajapālanigrodhe viharantassa bhagavato kathaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi.
问曰——然而尊者,在此阿耶巴兰树下修行的世尊心意如何生起转变?
Vissajjanā – tasmiṃ pana bhante ajapālanigrodhe viharantassa bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa dhammagambhīratāpaṭisaṃyutto cetaso parivitakko udapādi.
答曰——尊者,在此阿耶巴兰树下修行的世尊,由于深谙法义、隐密自守,心意生起与法深邃结合的转变。
Adhigato kho myāyaṃ dhammo gambhīro duddaso aranubodho santo paṇīto atakkāvacarā nipuṇo paṇḍitavedanīyo.
此法已为我所证,深刻微妙,不易理解,通达完备,定慧成熟,行为纯正,精巧圆融,智慧可称为贤达。
Ālayarāmākho panāyaṃ pajā ālayaratā ālayasammuditā,
众生安住于此安乐之所,心心守护此所,已浸染于此所觉悟之地,
Sahampati brahmā沙航巴帝梵天
Pucchā – kathaṃ āvuso tadā dhammadesanāya brahmayācanā ca bhagavato paṭiññāca ahosi.
问曰:「尊者,当时对世尊的法教与向婆罗门乞求施舍,情况如何?」
Vissajjanā – desetu bhante bhagavā dhammaṃ, desetu sugato dhammaṃ, santi sattā apparajakkhajātikā assavanatā dhammassa parihāyanti, bhavissanti dhammassa aññātāroti iti bhante brahmuno dhammadesanāya yācanā ahosi,
答曰:「愿世尊开示法语,愿世尊开示善法;众生因无退失而能守护其生,无有杂染欲著于法,于法将来必有人依止不失。」婆罗门对世尊法教如是乞求说道:
‘‘Apārutā tesaṃ amatassa dvārā,
『不闭塞他们通向不死之门的是,
Ye sotavanto pamuñcantu saddhaṃ;
这些有耳可闻者,愿他们放下信根;
Vihiṃsasaññī paguṇaṃ nabhāsiṃ,
能断除恶见者,宛如明净澄清的空际,
Dhammaṃ paṇītaṃ manujesu brahme’’ti.
在人间与婆罗门中而彰显出善法。』
Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavato dhammadesanāya paṭiññā ca ahosi.
如是,尊者,此为世尊教法之宣说,确已成就、成立。
Nassati vata loko…
世间实已灭灭无存……
Desetu bhante bhagavā dhammaṃ…
愿尊者说法,世尊当为宣说此法……
Apārutā tesaṃ amatassa dvārā,
无碍者,通向无上不死之门,
Ye sotavanto pamuñcantu saddhaṃ.
有听闻者,宜舍弃疑惑而放下信心。
Pucchā – evaṃ kho āvuso bhagavā dhammadesanāya paṭiññaṃ katvā paṭhamaṃ dhammaṃ desento kattha kīdisaṃ dhammaṃ kassa desesi.
问曰——如此,尊敬的比库,世尊于教法宣说成就后,于最初法中所说者,究竟何处?何种法?为谁而说?
Vissajjanā – bārāṇasiyaṃ bhante isipatane migadāye pañcavaggiya bhikkhupamukhānaṃ brahmagaṇānaṃ dhammacakkapavattanasuttaṃ desesi.
毗沙迦那尊者在巴拉那西,即仙人堕处鹿野苑,为五种比库部众及众梵天前说法轮初转经。
Pucchā – tasmiṃ kho pana āvuso dhammacakkapavattanasutte desiyamāne manussaloke kassa dhammābhisamayo ahosi.
问:大德,在此法轮初转经宣说之时,于人间世间,究竟谁得法的如实体验呢?
Vissajjanā – āyasmato bhante koṇḍaññassa dhammābhisamayo ahosi.
毗沙迦那答:尊者大德,法的如实体验,得于拘达玛尊者。
Pucchā – kathaṃ nu kho āvuso imasmiṃ buddhasāsane paṭhamaṃ pabbajjā ca upasampadā ca ahosi.
问:请问,大德,于此佛陀教法中,首次出家及具足上座戒如何发生?
Vissajjanā – imasmiṃ bhante buddhasāsane paṭhamaṃ ehibhikkhupasampadā ahosi.
毗沙迦那答:大德,于此佛陀教法中,首先成就的是比库戒的具足。
Labheyyāhaṃ bhante bhagavato santike pabbajaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampadaṃ.
我若得以大德,近侍世尊前出家,也愿得具足上座戒。
Ehi bhikkhu svākhāto dhammo, cara brahmacariyaṃ sammā dukkhassa antakiriyāya.
比库啊,此法已善宣说,当精进修习正行梵行,以断除苦之究竟。
Pucchā – itaresaṃ pana āvuso catunnaṃ pañcavaggiyānaṃ kadā dhammābhisamayo ahosi.
提问曰:尊者,诸比库中各五众何时完成法的专注和圆满?
Vissajjanā – pāṭipade bhante divase āyasmato vappassa, dutiye bhante divase āyasmato bhaddiyassa, tatiye bhante divase āyasmato mahānāmassa, catutthe bhante divase āyasmato assajissa dhammābhisamayo ahosi.
回答曰:比库,第一日即是尊者瓦普尊者完成,第二日是尊者巴迪尊者,第三日是尊者摩诃那摩,第四日是尊者阿萨吉,诸尊者于此四日完成法的专注圆满。
Pucchā – sabbesampi āvuso tesaṃ pañcavaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ kadā arahattapatti hoti.
提问曰:尊者,诸五众比库何时获得阿拉汉果?
Vissajjanā – sabbesampi bhante tesaṃ pañcavaggiyānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pakkhassa pañcamiyaṃ anattalakkhaṇasutte desiyamāne arahattapatti hoti.
回答曰:尊者,所有五众比库,在讲述关于无我相的第五注法时,般涅槃境界得以成就阿拉汉果。
Pucchā – kadā āvuso bhagavatā bhikkhū tattha tattha cārikaṃ caritvā dhammadesanatthāya pesitā.
提问曰:尊者,世尊何时遣比库们各处逗留走行,为宣说法义?
Vissajjanā – yasappamukhānaṃ bhante catupaññāsa sahāyakānaṃ pabbajitakāle bhagavatā bhikkhū tattha tattha cārikaṃ caritvā dhammadesanatthāya pesitā.
出家者──尊者,佛陀在那些年长五十岁以上的青年侍者出家时,嘱托他们在各处行脚修行,宣说法义。
Saraṇagamana皈依
Pucchā – kadā āvuso bhagavatā tīhi saraṇagamanehi pabbajjūpa sampadā anuññāto ahosi.
问──尊者,何时佛陀许可三皈依出家人能够完成具足?
Vissajjanā – yasappamukhānaṃ bhante catupaññāsāya gihi sahāyakānaṃ pabbajitvā tattha tattha cārikaṃ caritvā dhammadesanatthāya pesitakāle bhagavatā tīhi saraṇagamanehi pabbajjā ca upasampadā ca anuññātā.
出家者──尊者,佛陀曾在那些年长五十岁的居士侍者出家时,令他们在各处行脚,宣说法义;于此期间,佛陀许可了他们三皈依出家和具足沙弥戒。
Anujānāmi bhikkhave tumheva dāni tāsu tāsu disāsu tesu tesu janapadesu pabbājetha upasampādetha.
许可──比库们,我现在许可你们在各个方向、各个国土上出家和受具足戒。
Pucchā – bhagavatā āvuso bhikkhūnaṃ ārāmo paṭiggaṇhituṃ kattha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññāto.
问──尊者,佛陀允许比库们受持戒净道场,于何地何处?
Vissajjanā – bhagavatā bhante bhikkhūnaṃ ārāmaṃ paṭiggaṇhituṃ rājagahe anuññāto, rājā bhante māgadho seniyo bimbisāro buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa veḷuvanaṃ uyyānaṃ adāsi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññāto.
答──尊者,佛陀允许比库们于王舍城受持戒净道场。王为尊者、摩揭陀君主宾比萨拉,为佛陀所领导之比库僧团,给予了竹林园苑作为戒净之处,彼处被允许作为戒净之地。
Etāhaṃ bhante veḷuvanaṃ uyyānaṃ buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa dammi –
我,尊者,给予佛陀前方的比库僧团驻锡的竹林园林。
Anujānāmi bhikkhave ārāmaṃ.
我准许,比库们,此园林作为安住之所。
Pucchā – kathañca āvuso dvinnaṃ aggasāvakānaṃ pabbajjūpasampadā ahosi.
有人问:『尊者,请问两位首席弟子的出家受具足戒是如何成就的?』
Vissajjanā – dvinnaṃ bhante aggasāvakānaṃ ehi bhikkhupasampadā ahosi.
答曰:『两位首席弟子的出家受具足戒已经完成。』
Vippasannāni kho te āvuso indriyāni.
他们的根、识状态清净明朗。
Kaṃsi tvaṃ āvuso uddissa pabbajito.
尊者,为何你选择出家于彼处?
Ko vā te satthā.
谁是那位教师?
Kassa vā tvaṃ dhammaṃ rocesi.
你为何称赞这法?
Atthāvuso mahāsamaṇo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito.
尊者是一位伟大的沙门,是悉达多族出身的悉达多子,已出家修行。
Kiṃ vādī panāyasmato satthā kimakkhāyī.
尊敬的教师究竟是何种论说者?是辩论者还是证悟者?
Ye dhammā hetuppabhavā, tesaṃ hetuṃ tathāgato;
一切法皆由因缘而生,因缘者即为如来;
Āha tesañca yo nirodho, evaṃ vādī mahāsamaṇo.
又言一切法之灭尽,亦复如此,伟大的沙门即是如是论说者。
Alaṃ āvuso mā agamittha.
『啊兰,朋友,不要来此。』
Ete bhikkhave dve sahāyakā āgacchanti kolito upatisso ca etaṃ me sāvakayugaṃ bhavissati aggaṃ bhaddayugaṃ.
『这些,比库,两个助手来了,库利陀和乌帕提苏;这将是我弟子中最尊贵美好的时代。』
Labheyyāma mayaṃ bhante bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ labheyyāma upasampadaṃ.
『我们应当接受,世尊,我们应当在佛陀面前获得出家,接受比库戒。』
Etha bhikkhavo svākhāto dhammo, caratha brahmacariyaṃ sammā dukkhassa antakiriyāya.
『这里,比库们,佛法已被完整宣说,你们要正行梵行,究竟苦难的终止。』
Pucchā – upajjhāyo āvuso gaṇhituṃ bhagavatā kattha anuññāto, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññāto.
『请问——师父,尊者,受世尊委托可带领我们去何处,开始何种戒律何种课程?』
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha anuññāto, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū anupajjhāyakā anācariyakā anovadiyamānā ananusāsiyamānā dunnivatthā duppārutā anokappasampannā piṇḍāya cariṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññāto.
『解答:在王舍城,尊者,有很多比库开始获准持戒;许多比库没有导师,行为不端,不遵守规戒,不受教诲,是恶劣的,有恶习的,常靠乞食为生,此即许众之处。』
Pucchā – upajjhāyamhi āvuso na sammāvattantassa dukkaṭaṃ kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:善知识,在违犯戒法不符合正行者中,有何恶行被界定?自何时起,在哪些戒律中被界定?
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule saddhivihārike ārabbha paññattaṃ, sambahulā bhante saddhivihārikā upajjhāyamhi na sammāvattiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
释曰:尊者,于王舍城诸多信众修行者中起初被界定,因诸多信众修行者不顺正行者,故在其中戒律被界定。
Pucchā – kadā āvuso bhagavatā tīhi saraṇagamanehi upasampadaṃ paṭikkhipitvā ñāticatutthena kammena upasampadā anuññātā.
问曰:尊者,世尊何时以三皈依为戒,放弃笈多业戒、亲属如第四业戒,而未被允许受戒?
Vissajjanā – rādhabrāhmaṇassa bhante pabbajitakāle bhagavatā tīhi saraṇagamanehi upasampadaṃ paṭikkhipitvā ñātticatutthena kammena upasampadā anuññātā.
释曰:尊者,于往昔婆罗门瓦拉时期,世尊以三皈依为戒,弃守笈多业戒、亲属如第四业戒,故其受戒未被允许。
Konu kho bhikkhave tassa brāhmaṇassa adhikāraṃ sarati.
善知识们,彼婆罗门具有相应资格。
Ahaṃ kho bhante tassa brāhmaṇassa adhikāraṃ sarāmi.
我尊者确实承认彼婆罗门具备该资格。
Sādhu sādhu sāriputta, kataññuno hi sāriputta sappurisā katavedino.
善哉善哉,沙利佛!诚如沙利佛所说,坚忍之人乃真正识法的贤者。
Kathāhaṃ bhante taṃ brāhmaṇaṃ upasampādemi.
尊者,请问我该如何为那婆罗门授具足戒?
Yāsā bhikkhave mayā tīhi saraṇagamanehi upasampadāanuññātā, taṃ ajjatagge paṭikkhipāmi.
比库们,我因具足三皈依而获准授戒,今日我在此将其回避。
Anujānāmi bhikkhave ñātticatutthena kammena upasampādetuṃ.
比库们,我允准以四亲戚业能为缘代授具足戒。
Pucchā – ayācitakaṃ āvuso upasampadāpekkhaṃ upasampādentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:施戒者不请自来,若受具足戒之愿望者,其恶业何处由世尊所制限?起始为何?所制限于何事?
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha paññattaṃ, aññataro bhante bhikkhu upasampannasamanantaraṃ anācāraṃ acari, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
释曰:在王舍城,有比库初发知见,另一比库刚刚受具足戒后即作不净行为,即于此事有所限制。
Pucchā – catunnaṃ āvuso nissayānaṃ ācikkhaṇā bhagavatā kattha anuññātā, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātā.
问曰:『朋友,世尊为四种依止者作了教示,何处不许可?从何处开始?于何事上不许可?』
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha anuññātā, aññataro bhante bhikkhu udarassa kāraṇā pabbaji, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātā.
答曰:『在王舍城,尊者,世尊许可比库开始针对某位比库而不许可,某位比库因胃病出家,此事为不许可的缘由。』
Ehi dāni āvuso piṇḍāya carissāma.
『现在来吧,朋友,我们为此饭食行乞。』
Kathañhi nāma bhikkhu evaṃ svākkhāte dhammavinaye udarassa kāraṇā pabbajissati.
『如何,某比库依佛陀所明说的戒律教法,会因胃病的缘故而出家?』
Pucchā – ūnadasavassena āvuso upasampādentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:『朋友,对于将受比库戒未满十年的行人,世尊于何处定为恶行?从何处开始?于何事上定为恶?』
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantaṃ upasenaṃ vaṅgantaputtaṃ ārabbha paññattaṃ, āyasmā bhante upaseno vaṅgantaputto ekavasso saddhivihārikaṃ upasampādesi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:『在王舍城,尊者,世尊许可长老上尊比库波干陀子开始,为其一年间守戒清净,故此事为许可。』
Pucchā – bālena āvuso abyattena upasampādentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问:尊者,世尊为愚昧而未证授具足的沙弥所设立的恶行戒律,规定于何处?从何处开始?规定于何事?
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū ‘‘dasavassamhā dasavassamhā’’ti bālā abyattā upasampādesuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答:大王舍城,尊者,许多比库开始制定此戒律。许多比库说:“十年往复,十年往复”,愚昧而未证授具足者受授戒。戒律规定于此事上。
Pucchā – ācariyo āvuso gaṇhituṃ bhagavatā kattha anuññāto, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññāto.
问:尊者,老师,世尊为防止摄入,为何处所不应同意?从何处开始?为何事不宜同意?
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha anuññāto, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū upajjhāyesu pakkantesupi vibbhantesupi kālaṅkatesupi pakkhasaṅkantesupi anācariyakā anovadiyamānā ananusāsiyamānā dunnivatthā duppārutā anākappasampannā piṇḍāya cariṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññāto.
答:大王舍城,尊者,许多比库开始不予许可。许多比库对升座比库、去座比库、清扫比库、违犯教规者,不守戒律、不受教训,行为不良,再三未净,饮食无度,属于坏法中不许可者,规定于此事中。
Pucchā – pañcahi āvuso ābādhehi phuṭṭhaṃ pabbājentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问:尊者,为触及五种过患而出家者,世尊对恶行戒律的规定在哪里?从何处开始?规定于何事?
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū pañcahi ābādhehi phuṭṭhaṃ pabbājesuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答:大王舍城,尊者,许多比库开始制定此戒律。许多比库因触及五种过患而出家者,戒律规定于此事。
Sādhu bhante ayyā pañcahi ābādhehi phuṭṭhaṃ na pabbājeyyuṃ…
善哉尊者!长老比库尼因五种病患受触,故不得出家。
Pucchā – rājabhaṭaṃ āvuso pabbājentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:尊者,国王的家丁若出家,世尊在何处定坏?何因或何事中而定坏?
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū rājabhaṭe pabbājesuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:尊者,在王舍城内众多比库开始定坏,众多比库于国王的家丁出家中亦定坏,是于此事中定坏。
Pucchā – dhajabandhaṃ āvuso coraṃ pabbājentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:尊者,旗帜绑匪若出家,世尊在何处定坏?何因或何事中而定坏?
Vissajjanā – rājagaheyeva bhante aṅgulimālaṃ coraṃ ārabbha paññattaṃ, aṅgulimālo bhante coro bhikkhūsu pabbajito hoti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:尊者,在王舍城本处,指环盗匪开始定坏,指环盗匪即盗匪中出家的比库,是于此事中定坏。
Pucchā – kārabhedakaṃ āvuso coraṃ pabbājentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:尊者,开锁匪若出家,世尊在何处定坏?何因或何事中而定坏?
Vissajjanā – rājagaheyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū kārabhedakacoraṃ pabbājesuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
释疑者说:师长,在王舍城内众多比库开始时已有所约束,众多比库出家修戒犯破戒技法也已在此处有所约定。
Pucchā – iṇāyikaṃ āvuso pabbājentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问者问:尊者,出家为尼众的人,恶行何处由世尊规定?从何处起,又在何事项中有所约束?
Vissajjanā – rājagaheyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū iṇāyikaṃ pabbājesuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
释疑者说:师长,在王舍城内众多比库开始时已有所约束,众多比库在尼众出家事上亦有此约束规定。
Pucchā – dāsaṃ āvuso pabbajentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问者问:尊者,出家为奴婢的人,其恶行由世尊规定于何处?从何开始,又在何事项中有所约束?
Vissajjanā – rājagaheyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū dāsaṃ pabbājesuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
释疑者说:师长,在王舍城内众多比库开始时已有所约束,众多比库出家为奴婢亦于此事项有所约定。
Pucchā – bhaṇḍukammāya āvuso apalokanaṃ bhagavatā kattha anuññātaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
问者问:尊者,为坏事之意欲,世尊何处未允许?从何起,在何事项中未获许可?
Vissajjanā – rājagaheyeva bhante aññataraṃ kammārabhaṇḍuputtaṃ ārabbha anuññātaṃ aññataro bhante kammārabhaṇḍuputto mātāpitūhi saddhiṃ bhaṇḍitvā bhikkhūsu pabbajito hoti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
释疑者答言:在王舍城,某一比库弟子起初出家时,其父母并未知情,共同分割财物之后才得出家,此处即为所论境界。
Pucchā – ūnavīsativassassa āvuso puggalassa upasampadā bhagavatā kattha paṭikkhittā, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paṭikkhittā.
问曰:尊者,三十九岁获得具足比库比库戒时,由世尊所受具足戒法,于何处、依何事由而受具足戒?
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha paṭikkhittā, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū ūnavīsativassaṃ puggalaṃ upasampādesuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paṭikkhittā.
释疑者答言:在王舍城,多数比库弟子都是在三十九岁时接受具足戒的,故此处即为所论境界。
Na bhikkhave jānaṃ ūnavīsativasso puggalo upasampādetabbo, youpasampādeyya, yathādhammo kāretabbo.
比库们,明了解三十九岁的比库弟子应当受具足戒,且受具足戒后当依戒律行持。
Pucchā – mātāpitūhi āvuso ananuññātaṃ puttaṃ pabbājentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:尊者,对于未获父母许可即出家的子弟,世尊于何处、为何事而表明其行不善?
Vissajjanā – sakkesu bhante paññattaṃ, rājā bhante suddhodano bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā varaṃ yāci, sādhu bhante ayyāananuññātaṃ mātāpitūhi puttaṃ pabbājeyyunti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
释疑者答言:在萨咖处已明确此事,国王须跋陀那曾到世尊所求恩,称准许未获父母许可而出家的子弟,此处即为所论境界。
Na bhikkhave ananuññāto mātāpitūhi putto pabbājetabbo, yo pabbājeyya, āpattidukkaṭassa.
比库啊,不允许被父母反对的儿子出家。若有人出家,即属触犯戒律之事。
Pucchā – theyyasaṃvāsakassa āvuso upasampadā bhagavatā kattha paṭikkhittā, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paṭikkhittā.
问曰——尊者,承接刚才所说,世尊所设的具足比库戒在哪里被违犯,起始于何种戒法?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ purāṇakulaputtaṃ ārabbha paṭikkhittā, aññataro bhante purāṇakulaputto khīṇa kolañño sāmaṃ pattacīvaraṃ paṭiyādetvā kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā ārāmaṃ gantvā bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ saṃvasi, bhante vatthusmiṃ paṭikkhittā.
答曰——在舍卫城,尊者,有一位古老世家的男子开始违犯。他乃另一古老世家男子,剃除污秽之头发,舍弃缁衣袈裟,剪断发须,披覆袈裟,进入寺院与比库们共住,违犯在此戒法之事。
Pucchā – tiracchānagatassa āvuso upasampadā bhagavatā kattha paṭikkhittā, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paṭikkhittā.
问曰——尊者,堕地狱者的比库戒在哪里被违犯,起于何戒?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ nāgaṃ ārabbha paṭikkhittā, aññataro bhante nāgo māṇavakavaṇṇena bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā pabbajjaṃ yāci, taṃ bhikkhū pabbājesuṃ upasampādesuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paṭikkhittā.
答曰——在舍卫城,尊者,有一位天人开始违犯。又有一位天人,以男子相貌接近日众比库,请求出家。在比库们出家授戒之中,于此戒法违犯。
Pucchā – mātughātakassa ca āvuso pitughātakassa ca upasampadā bhagavatā kattha paṭikkhittā, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paṭikkhittā.
问曰——杀母者与杀父者所受的比库戒,在世尊处何地被违犯,起始于何戒?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante aññataraṃ māṇavakaṃ ārabbha paṭikkhittā, aññataro ca bhante māṇavako aññataro ca māṇavako mātaraṃ jīvitā voropesi pitaraṃ jīvitā voropesi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paṭikkhittā.
断绝者——在沙瓦提,尊者,有一名少年起头违背戒律,另有一名少年,另有一名少年害其母命,亦有害其父命者,在此事上,尊者,即于此事实上违背戒律。
Mātughātako bhikkhave anupasampanno naupasampādetabbo, upasampanno nāsetabbo, pitughātako bhikkhave anupasampanno naupasampādetabbo, upasampanno nāsetabbo.
比库们啊,杀母者若未得授具戒不得授具戒,已得授者不得除失;杀父者亦然,未得授者不得授具戒,已得授者不得除失。
Pucchā – apattacīvarakaṃ vā āvuso yācitapattacīvarakaṃ vā upasampādentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问——沙门,乞求不净衣或乞得不净衣者授具戒时,恶行由世尊何处规定?以何由起始?在何事上规定?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū apattacīvarakaṃ upasampādesuṃ, yācitakena pattacīvarena upasampādesuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
断绝者——在沙瓦提,尊者,大多数比库开始时遵行规定,多数比库借乞来的不净衣授具戒,正是在此事上规定。
Pucchā – upasampadaṃ pucchissaṃ, sanidānaṃ sauddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ āvuso kati āpattiyo.
问——当问授具戒,缘由及依处为何?诸共同犯戒者,沙门,多少过失?
Vissajjanā – upasampadaṃ vissajjissaṃ, sanidānaṃ saniddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ bhante dve āpattiyo.
断绝者——欲废授具戒,缘由明白说明。诸共同犯戒者,尊者,有二过失。
2. Uposathakkhandhaka第二 伍波萨他篇集
Pucchā – cātuddase ca āvuso pannarase ca pakkhassa ca aṭṭhamiyā sannipatitvā dhammaṃ bhāsituṃ bhagavatā kattha anuññātaṃ, kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
问曰:「尊者,十四日与十五日以及两个月的第八日聚会时,世尊于何处传授律仪?于何事传授律仪?」
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha anuññātā, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū cātuddesa pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipatitvā tuṇhī nisīdiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātā.
答曰:「尊者,在王舍城,众多比库们开始传授律仪,众多比库们于十四日与十五日及两个月第八日聚会时,静坐在那里,传授的内容即为此事。」
Anujānāmi bhikkhave cātuddase pannarase aṭṭhamiyā ca pakkhassa sannipatituṃ.
吾准许诸比库于十四日十五日及两个月第八日聚会。
Nanu nāma sannipatitehi dhammo bhāsitabbo.
然而,当集会时,法当得以宣说。
Pucchā – kadā āvuso bhikkhūnaṃ pātimokkhuddeso bhagavatā anuññāto.
问曰:「尊者,比库们的巴迪墨库戒律何时由世尊传授?」
Vissajjanā – yadā bhante bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi ‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ yāni mayā bhikkhūnaṃ paññattāni sikkhāpadāni, tāni nesaṃ pātimokkhuddesaṃ anujāneyyaṃ, so nesaṃ bhavissati uposathakamma’’nti tadā bhante bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṃ pātimokkhuddeso anuññāto.
答曰:「尊者,时当世尊出世隐居之时,心念环绕着此念:‘我所设比库们戒律课程,若非以此为巴迪墨库戒律而准许,彼则不成上堂仪式。’当时世尊传授了比库们的巴迪墨库戒律。」
Pucchā – sīmaṃ āvuso sammanituṃ bhagavatā kattha anuññātaṃ, kismiñca vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
问曰:善知识,何处何事由世尊开许却未开许?
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante anuññātaṃ, rājagahe bhante bhagavati viharati bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi ‘‘bhagavatā paññattaṃ ettāvatā sāmaggī, yāvatā ekāvāsoti kittāvatānukho ekāvāso hotī’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
答曰:在王舍城,世尊住处,有比库说:『世尊所开许的和合,只限于此;只要同住一处,即称为一和合。』此问中之事,亦是开许与否之所据。
Pucchā – kati āvuso uposathā divasavasena ca kārakapuggalavasena ca kātabbākāravasena ca.
问曰:善知识,依日数、依个别、依应为法之种类,持斋有几?
Vissajjanā – divasavasena bhante tayo uposathā, puggalavasena ca bhante tayo uposathā, kātabbākāravasena ca bhante tayo uposathā.
答曰:依日数者,有三持斋;依个别者,有三持斋;依应为法之种类者,有三持斋。
Pucchā – kati āvuso uposathakammāni tesu ca kīdisaṃ uposathakammaṃ bhagavatā anuññātaṃ, kīdisaṃ ananuññātaṃ.
问曰:善知识,持斋仪式中,世尊开许何种持斋,何种未开许?
Vissajjanā – cattārimāni bhante uposathakammāni, adhammena vaggaṃ uposathakammaṃ, adhammena samaggaṃ uposathakammaṃ, dhammena vaggaṃ uposathakammaṃ, dhammena samaggaṃ uposathakammaṃ. Tatra bhante yadidaṃ adhammena vaggaṃ uposathakammaṃ, adhammena samaggaṃ uposathakammaṃ dhammena vaggaṃ uposathakammaṃ, evarūpaṃ bhante uposathakammaṃ ananuññātaṃ, tatra bhante yadidaṃ dhammena samaggaṃ uposathakammaṃ, evarūpaṃ bhante uposathakammaṃ anuññātaṃ.
答曰:持斋仪式有四:违法部分持斋、违法合和持斋、合法部分持斋、合法合和持斋。其间,违法部分持斋、违法合和持斋、合法部分持斋,此三持斋属未开许;合法合和持斋则为世尊开许。
Pucchā – uposathaṃ pucchissaṃ, sanidānaṃ saniddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ āvuso kati āpattiyo.
询问——当询问伍波萨他节时,应当详尽说明缘由。关于容易犯的戒律,兄弟,你知道有多少种违犯吗?
Vissajjanā – uposathaṃ vissajjissaṃ, sanidānaṃ saniddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ bhante tisso āpattiyo.
应答——当回答伍波萨他节时,亦应详尽说明缘由。师父,有三种容易违犯的戒律。
3. Vassupanāyikakkhandhaka第三 入瓦萨篇集
Pucchā – vassūpanāyikaṃ āvuso bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
询问——兄弟,关于雨安居的规定,由世尊在哪儿确立?从什么时候,针对什么事项确立的?
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahulā bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū hemantampi gimhampi vassampi cārikaṃ cariṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
应答——师父,在王舍城,多数比库从那时起有了此规定。多数比库于雨季、夏季及冬季都外出托缽;这些事情都有相应的规定。
Pucchā – katipanāvuso vassūpanāyikā bhagavatā anuññātā.
询问——兄弟,有多少雨安居的规定是世尊特别允许的?
Vissajjanā – dvemā bhante vassūpanāyikā bhagavatā anuññātā purimikā pacchimikā, aparajjugatāya bhante āsaḷhiyā purimikā upagantabbā, māsagatāya bhante āsaḷhiyā pacchimikā upagantabbā, imā kho bhante dve vassūpanāyikā bhagavatā anuññātā.
应答——师父,有两条雨安居的规定是世尊特别允许的:前方的雨安居应在阿沙利月到达之前开始,后方的雨安居应在阿沙利月已到后开始。这两条雨安居规定是由世尊准许的。
Pucchā – vassaṃ āvuso upagantvā purimaṃ vā temāsaṃ pacchimaṃ vā temāsaṃ avasitvā cārikaṃ pakkamantassa dukkaṭaṃ kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:比库啊,届满雨季,昔日或当冬季退住之后,于出行时犯戒者,何处有犯戒之规定,何种戒律所摄?
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante chabbaggiye bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, chabbaggiyā bhante bhikkhū vassaṃ upagantvā antarā vassaṃ cārikaṃ pakkamiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:比库,在王舍城,长老众比库发起犯戒,长老众比库于雨季届满时半季外出,于此事上有犯戒的规定。
Pucchā – sattāha karaṇīyena āvuso pahite gantuṃ bhagavatā kattha anuññātaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
问曰:比库啊,于七日内理当告知去处,世尊从何处分许,何处有许可的规定?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha anuññātaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū udenena upāsakena pahite na gacchiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
答曰:比库,在舍卫城众多比库发起不许,众多比库不许与优陀那居士一同外出,此处分有许可的规定。
Pucchā – sattāhakaraṇīyena āvuso sattannaṃ apahitepi gantuṃ bhagavatā kattha anuññātaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
问曰:比库啊,七日法期间,十三日以后不许可而去,世尊从何处分许,何处有许可的规定?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññatarassa bhikkhuno mātugilāna vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
答曰:比库,在舍卫城某比库的母女聚落的处分中有许可。
Anujānāmi bhikkhave sattannaṃ sattāhakaraṇīyena apahitepi gantuṃ, pageva pahite.
比库们,我许可你们即使身带轻微损害,也得在一定的防护之地行住,唯不可进入严重要害之处。
Pucchā – kismiṃci āvuso antarāye sati antovassaṃ pakkamituṃ bhagavatā kattha anuññātaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
问曰:尊者,尊者世尊允准出入哪些场所,在哪些地方入雨季安居?起始哪些事由而被允准?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha anuññātaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū kosalesu janapadesu vassaṃ upagacchiṃsu, te vassūpagatā vāḷehi ubbāḷhā ahesuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
答曰:尊者,这允准始于长老们须伽陀那聚落处,彼处诸比库众多,亦有众多比库进入尸毗舍国诸区域雨季安居,这些雨季安居之地多被芦苇草丛滋生环绕,毗舍国此地即是被允准之处。
Pucchā – rukkha susire vā āvuso rukkhaviṭabhiyā vā ajjhokāse vā vassaṃ upagacchantassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:尊者,雨季入住于树荫繁盛之处、树丛之间、村庄附近时,世尊于何处为此恶行加以限定?起始于何事何地加以规定?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū rukkhasusirepi rukkhaviṭabhiyāpi ajjhokāsepi vassaṃ upagacchiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:尊者,限定始于长老们须伽陀那聚落处,此处诸比库众多,亦多比库入住于树荫繁盛、树丛之间、村庄附近之处,此为加以限定的处所。
Pucchā – asenāsanikena āvuso vassaṃ upagacchantassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:尊者,以未经烧除之村舍进入雨季安居者,世尊于何处对此恶行加以限定?起始于何事何地加以规定?
Vissajjanā – tasmiṃyeva bhante sāvatthiyaṃ sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū asenāsanikā vassaṃ upagacchiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
解除者——在此,尊者,沙瓦提众多比库中开始时曾有规定,许多尊者比库在雨季安居期间离开了住处,此事规定于当时。
Pucchā – chavakuṭikāya vā āvuso chatte vā cāṭiyā vā vassaṃ upagacchantassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰——尊者,雨季期间离开树下住所、遮篷或伞篷者,何处何因被世尊定为不善?始于何事,规定于什么内容?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū chavakuṭikāyapi chattepi cāṭiyāpi vassaṃ upagacchiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
解除者——在此,尊者,沙瓦提众多比库中开始时曾有规定,许多尊者比库即使离开树下住所、遮篷或伞篷,也曾安居雨季,此事被规定于当时。
Pucchā – paṭissavaṃ āvuso visaṃ vādentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰——离开住处者孳生争执时,世尊于何处规定其为不善?始于何事,规定于什么内容?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ ārabbha paññattaṃ, āyasmā bhante upanando sakyaputto rañño pasenadissa kosalassa vassaṃ vāsaṃ paṭissuṇitvā visaṃvādesi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
解除者——在此,尊者,沙瓦提长老近事男伍波难德被授以规定,尊者伍波难德离开国萨拉巴谢那帝王的雨季住所后,发生争论,此事被规定于当时。
Pucchā – vassūpanāyikaṃ pucchissaṃ, sanidānaṃ saniddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ āvuso kati āpattiyo.
问曰——雨季安居负责人询问时,依据其因由和依据后,此例中,尊者,请问违反规定的条目共有多少?
Vissajjanā – vassūpanāyikaṃ vissajjissaṃ, sanidānaṃ saniddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ bhante ekā āpatti.
放逸者——是指留夏期间懈怠懈弛的行为,详述了其因缘及详细阐释。若修行之人对此生起诸恶见,便构成一重戒犯。
4. Pavāraṇākkhandhaka第四 自恣篇集
Pucchā – vassaṃ vuṭṭhānaṃ āvuso bhikkhūnaṃ tīhi ṭhānehi pavārituṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问——请问尊者,关于比库们夏季出起的放逸,该由佛陀以哪三处为范围宣布?起于何时?于何事?规定为何?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha anuññātaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū sandiṭṭhā sambhattā antovassaṃ neva ālapiṃsu na sallapiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
放逸者——在舍卫城,许多比库起初未许他人未经允许而公开讨论夏季的放逸行为,众多比库事实上在一夏期间既未相谈也未交谈,因此对此事未经允许。
Anujānāmi bhikkhave vassaṃ vuṭṭhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ tīhi ṭhānehi pavāretuṃ, diṭṭheva vā sutena vā parisaṅkāya vā.
我准许诸比库在夏季出起时得以在三处为范围自由发言,且无论是亲见、听闻,或是传闻所致都可行之。
Pucchā – kati āvuso pavāraṇā divasavasena ca puggalavasena ca kātabbākāravasena ca.
问——尊者,必须按日数?还是须依个人?或须依事由?进行宣告?
Vissajjanā – divasavasena bhante tisso pavāraṇā, tathā puggalavasena kātabbākāravasenaca.
放逸者——应按日数,每日宣告三遍;并且依个人及其行为事由也应如此宣告。
Pucchā – katīnaṃ āvuso saṅghe pavāretuṃ bhagavatā anuññātaṃ, katīnaṃ panāvuso aññamaññaṃ pavāretuṃ bhagavatā anuññātaṃ.
询问:『尊者们,世尊允许僧团宣布多少次禁戒?又被允许彼此宣告多少次?』
Vissajjanā – pañcannaṃ bhante bhikkhūnaṃ saṅghe pavāretuṃ bhagavatā anuññātaṃ, catunnaṃ vā bhante tiṇṇaṃ vā dvinnaṃ vā aññamaññaṃ pavāretuṃ anuññātaṃ.
回答:『尊者,五名比库的僧团被世尊允许宣布禁戒;四名、三名或两名彼此宣告也是被允许的。』
Pucchā – ekena panāvuso vassaṃvuṭṭhena bhikkhunā kathaṃ paṭipajjitabbanti bhagavatā anuññātaṃ.
询问:『尊者,一位比库经过一次雨安居应如何行持,世尊允许如何?』
Vissajjanā – ekena pana bhante bhikkhunā ‘‘ajja me pavāraṇā’’ti adhiṭṭhātabbanti bhagavatā anuññātaṃ.
回答:『尊者,一位比库应持守“今日我应受禁戒”的决心,世尊允许如此。』
Pucchā – pavāraṇaṃ pucchissaṃ, sanidānaṃ saniddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ āvuso kati āpattiyo.
询问:『将提出禁戒,何时何地?已建立戒律者,尊者有多少过失?』
Vissajjanā – pavāraṇaṃ vissajjissaṃ, sanidānaṃ saniddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ bhante tisso āpattiyo.
回答:『将舍弃禁戒,何时何地?已建立戒律者,尊者有三种过失。』
5. Cammakkhandhaka第五 皮革篇集
Soṇamathera vatthu索那长老事
Pucchā – upāhanaṃ āvuso bhagavatā kattha anuññātaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
问曰:尊者,世尊所规定的衣服收纳(整齐收拢)行为是在何处开始规定的?对于何种法物开始作了规定?
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantaṃ soṇaṃ ārabbha anuññātaṃ, āyasmato bhante soṇassa accāraddhavīriyassa caṅkamato pādā bhijjiṃsu, caṅkamo lohitena phuṭo ahosi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
答曰:在王舍城,尊者沙利子开始作了规定。尊者沙利子行走时两脚浸湿,行走处足被血迹染红,由此于该法物上作了规定。
Pucchā – sabbanīlikā vā āvuso sabbapītikā vā sabbalohitikā vā sabbamañjiṭṭhikā vā sabbakaṇhā vā sabbamahāraṅgarattā vā sabbamahānāmarattā vā upāhanāyo dhārentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:诸如全蓝色、全黄色、全红色、全赤红色、全黑色、全部大草绿色、全部大南风色的清净衣服,穿着此等衣服是否有不善之处?世尊对其着色衣服于何处开始制定和作出了何种具体规定?
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante chabbaggiye bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, chabbaggiyā bhante bhikkhū sabbanīlikāyo upāhanāyo dhāresuṃ, sabbapītikāyo sabbalohitikāyo sabbamañjiṭṭhikāyo sabbakaṇhāyo sabbamahāraṅgarattā sabbamahānāmarattāyopi upāhanāyo dhāresuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:在王舍城,尊者们聚集的六十人僧团中开始制定规定。六十人僧团中尊者们穿着全蓝色衣、全黄色衣、全红色衣、全赤红色衣、全黑色衣、全部大草绿色衣、全部大南风色衣,诸如此类色彩的清净衣服皆可穿着,于此法物上作了明确规定。
Pucchā – khallakabandhā vā āvuso puṭabandhā vā pāliguṇṭhimā vā tūlapuṇṇikā vā tittirapattikā vā meṇḍavisāṇavaddhikā vā ajavisāṇavaddhikā vā vicchikāḷikā vā morapiñcha parisibbikā vā citrā vā upāhanāyo dhārentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:诸如小纱带、系腰带、巴利粗布、图拉重布、碎布补缀、增厚缁布、不加增厚缁布、夹层布、野棘草编制披肩、彩色披肩等衣服,穿着此类衣物是否有不善?世尊对此类衣物于何处开始定制规定?对于何种法物作了明确规定?
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante chabbaggiye bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, chabbaggiyā bhante bhikkhū khallakabandhā upāhanāyopi dhāresuṃ, puṭabandhā upāhanāyopi dhāresuṃ, pāliguṇṭhimā upāhanāyopi dhāresuṃ, tūlapuṇṇikā upāhanāyopi dhāresuṃ, tittirapattikā upāhanāyopi dhāresuṃ, meṇḍavisāṇavaddhikā upāhanāyopi dhāresuṃ, ajavisāṇavaddhikā upāhanāyopi dhāresuṃ, vicchikāḷikā upāhanāyopi dhāresuṃ, morapiñcha parisibbitā upāhanāyo dhāresuṃ, citrā upāhanāyopi dhāresuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:在王舍城,尊者聚集六十人僧团中开始制定规定。尊者们穿着小纱带、系腰带、巴利粗布、图拉重布、碎布补缀、增厚缁布、不加增厚缁布、夹层布、由野棘草编织披肩、彩色披肩等衣物,穿着诸此类衣物,于该法物上做了明确规定。
Pucchā – kaṭṭhapādukāyo āvuso dhārentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:友人,持木屐者所受的苦难,是世尊在哪处、对何事起首规定的呢?
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante chabbaggīyeva bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, chabbaggiyā bhante bhikkhū rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya kaṭṭhapādukāyo abhiruhitvā ajjhokāse caṅkamanti uccāsaddā mahāsaddā khaṭakhaṭasaddā anekavihitaṃ tiracchānakathaṃ kathentā, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:尊者,于王舍城,正如六师僧众开始的那样,已规定此事。六师僧众于夜间集结归来,履木屐而行,声音清越响亮,若有若无杂奏如斜席议论,正是在那事上作出规定。
Pucchā – yānena āvuso yāyantassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:友人,驾乘工具所受的苦难,是世尊在哪处、为哪事规定的呢?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante chabbaggiye bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, chabbaggiyā bhante bhikkhū yānena yāyiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:尊者,于舍卫城,正如六师僧众开始制定,六师僧众乘坐工具而行,正是在那事上有规定。
Pucchā – gilānassa āvuso yānaṃ bhagavatā kattha anuññātaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
问曰:友人,染病者所用车辆,世尊在哪处未予许可,为何事未予许可呢?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ gilānaṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha anuññātaṃ, aññataro bhante bhikkhu kosalesu janapade sāvatthiṃ gacchanto bhagavantaṃ dassanāya antarāmagge gilāno kukkuccāyanto yānaṃ nābhiruhi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
答曰:尊者,于舍卫城,有一名染病比库起首未予许可;又有一名比库在拘萨罗部地区,往来舍卫时,身体有疾愁烦,于中途不肯乘坐工具,正是在那个事上未予许可。
Pucchā – uccāsayanamahāsayanāni āvuso dhārentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:阿阇世,世尊所规定的高座、大卧具上的污秽从何时开始,限于何处,规定于何事?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante chabbaggiye bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, chabbaggiyā bhante bhikkhū uccāsayanamahāsayanāni dhāresuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:尊者,舍卫城的比库们在六分律的戒文中开始规定,高座、大卧具上的污秽即规定于此法当中。
Pucchā – gocammāni āvuso dhārentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:阿阇世,世尊所规定的牛皮等皮制品上的污秽又从何时开始,限于何处,规定于何事?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ pāpabhikkhuṃ ārabbha paññattaṃ, aññataro bhante bhikkhu pāṇātipāte samādapesi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:尊者,舍卫城有一名恶行比库的污秽开始规定,有一名比库犯杀生罪,污秽即规定于此法当中。
Pucchā – paccantimesu āvuso janapadesu vinayadharapañcamena gaṇena upasampadā ca guṇaṅguṇūpahanañca dhuvanahānañca cammāni attharaṇāni ca nissīmagatānaṃ cīvaradānañcāti imāni pañca bhagavatā kattha anuññātāni, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātāni.
问曰:阿阇世,外方诸国因律藏第五篇之团体规约,以及优越及劣劣法令、牛皮笫湿臭、取盗及衣物失落等因缘,以及给予袈裟等,此五事,世尊所许可于何处,不许可于何处?从何时起许可、不许可?限于何物?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ soṇaṃ kuṭikaṇṇaṃ ārabbha anuññātā, āyasmā bhante soṇo kuṭikaṇṇo etāni pañcavatthūni āyasmato mahākaccānassa vacanena bhagavantaṃ yāci, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātā.
答曰:尊者,舍卫城尊者索那·具足耳开始许可,尊者索那是依大摩诃迦吒那长老之请所许可,许可即限于五种物品。
Pucchā – cammasaññuttaṃ pucchissaṃ, sanidānaṃ saniddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ āvuso kati āpattiyo.
问下——在规定业相时问者,须说明缘起及具体解说。规定业相的根本戒律友人啊,多少过失存在?
Vissajjanā – cammasaññuttaṃ vissajjissaṃ, sanidānaṃ saniddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ bhante tisso āpattiyo.
放下——在规定业相放弃者,须说明缘起及具体解说。规定业相的根本戒律尊者啊,有三种过失。
6. Bhesajjakkhandhaka六、医药篇集
Pucchā – pañca āvuso bhesajjāni paṭiggahetvā kālepi vikālepi paribhuñjituṃ bhagavatā kattha anuññātaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
问下——友人啊,受五种药物后,在何处允许随时随地使用,世尊为何允许?从何处开始?在何种事项上允许?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha anuññātaṃ, sambahulānaṃ bhante bhikkhūnaṃ sāradikena ābādhena puṭṭhānaṃ yāgupi na sammā pariṇāmaṃ gacchi, bhattampi bhuttaṃ na sammā pariṇāmaṃ gacchi, te tena kisā ahesuṃ lūkhā dubbaṇṇā uppaṇḍuppaṇḍukajātā dhamanisanthatagattā, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
放下——尊者啊,释迦城中许多比库从哪里开始擅自使用?许多比库由於痼疾病患,服用药物未得善果,膳食虽已进食亦未得善果,因此怎样导致他们皮肤污秽、颜色难看、起斑疹、痂块、淤肿等,缘何在这些事项上违规?
Pucchā – mūlādibhesajjāni āvuso bhagavatā kattha anuññātāni, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātāni.
问下——友人啊,依据本根本药物,世尊何处允许?从何处开始?在哪些事项上许可?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule gilāne bhikkhū ārabbha anuññātāni, sambahulānaṃ gilānānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ mūlehi bhesajjehi attho ahosi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātāni.
放下——尊者啊,释迦城中许多病苦比库,从何处开始允许使用?多数病苦比库于根本药物有利益,因此在此事项上许可。
Pucchā – antovuṭṭhaṃvā āvuso antopakkaṃ vā sāmaṃpakkaṃ vā paribhuñjantassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:尊者,关于食用内脏或食用腹内或食用脏腑,世尊于何处制定了不善律制?以何因缘?在何事上制定的?
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ ārabbha paññattaṃ, āyasmā bhante ānando sāmaṃ tilampi taṇḍulampi muggampi viññāpetvā anto vāsetvā anto sāmaṃ paci, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:在王舍城,尊者阿难开始被制定律制,阿难尊者食用糙米和白米、麦糊后,住在屋内时将其煮熟食用,便在此事上制定了律制。
Suppiyā vatthu苏毗雅事
Pucchā – manussamaṃsaṃ āvuso paribhuñjantassa thullaccayañca appaṭivekkhitvā maṃsaṃ paribhuñjantassa dukkaṭañca bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:尊者,对于食用人肉者,若忽视地盗邪戒,则世尊于何处制定了不善律制?以何因缘?在何事上制定的?
Vissajjanā – bārāṇasiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha paññattaṃ, aññataro bhante bhikkhu appaṭivekkhitvā manussamaṃsaṃ bhuñji, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:在巴拉那西,尊者开始对某一比库制定律制,此比库食用人肉且忽视戒律,便在此事上制定律制。
Na bhikkhave manussamaṃsaṃ paribhuñjitabbaṃ, yo paribhuñjeyya, āpatti thullaccayassa, na ca bhikkhave appaṭivekkhitvā maṃsaṃ paribhuñjitabbaṃ, yo paribhuñjeyya āpatti dukkaṭassa.
比库们,食用人肉不得,若食用必犯大戒;若食用未审察之肉者,必犯不善戒。
Pucchā – hatthimaṃsaṃ vā āvuso assamaṃsaṃ vā paribhuñjantassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:尊者,对于食用象肉或驴肉者,世尊于何处制定了不善律制?以何因缘?在何事上制定的?
Vissajjanā – bārāṇasiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū hatthimaṃsampi assamaṃsampi paribhuñjiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:在巴拉那西,世尊所规定的多数比库中,众多比库食用手肉和非手肉混合的物品,悉皆包含在此规定之中。
Pucchā – sunakkhamaṃsaṃ vā āvuso ahimaṃsaṃ vā bhuñjantassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:若有比库食用枯干肉或非暴害肉,这于世尊所制定的过失中为何处为不善,起于何因,由何规定事项中所含?
Vissajjanā – bārāṇasiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū sunakkhamaṃsampi ahimaṃsampi paribhuñjiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:在巴拉那西,世尊所规定的多数比库中,众多比库食用枯干肉及非暴害肉,悉皆包含在此规定之中。
Pucchā – sīhamaṃsaṃ vā āvuso byagghamaṃsaṃ vā dīpimaṃsaṃ vā acchamaṃsaṃ vā taracchamaṃsaṃ vā bhuñjantassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:若有比库食用狮肉、虎肉、野兽肉、水生肉、毒蛇肉等,此于世尊所制定的过失为何处为不善,起于何因,由何规定事项中所含?
Vissajjanā – bārāṇasiyaṃyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū sīhamaṃsampi byagghamaṃsampi dīpimaṃsampi acchamaṃsampi taracchamaṃsampi paribhuñjiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:同样在巴拉那西,世尊所规定的多数比库中,众多比库食用狮肉、虎肉、野兽肉、水生肉、毒蛇肉,悉皆包含在此规定之中。
Pucchā – gilānassa āvuso guḷaṃ vā agilānassa guḷodakaṃ vā bhagavatā kattha anuññātaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
问曰:对于患病者,比库可否食用含有蜜或非患病者酿制的蜂蜜酒,此在世尊教法中何处受不允许,从何规定事项开始禁止?
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha anuññātaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū gilānasseva bhagavatā guḷo anuññāto no agilānassāti kukkuccāyantā guḷaṃ na bhuñjiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
放逸者云——王舍城,尊者,许多比库开始时无许可,众多比库因病时世尊许可他们不得病,便因忧愁不食药,尊者,在此事上许可存在。
Pucchā – jānaṃ āvuso uddissa kataṃ maṃsaṃ paribhuñjantassa dukkaṭaṃ paññapetvā tikoṭiparisuddhaṃ maṃsaṃ bhagavatā kattha anuññātaṃ.
问曰——善知友,世尊许可食用哪种肉时,有不善之处,世尊所许可的肉纯净至三净。
Vissajjanā – vesāliyaṃ bhante sīhassa seṭāpatino vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
放逸者云——尊者,在毗舍离狮子王尸体的所在之事上获许可。
Meṇḍaka vatthu
鼯鼠事例。
Pucchā – pātheyyaṃ āvuso pariyesituñca kappiyakārakānaṃ hatthe upanikkhittahiraññato nibbattaṃ kappiyapaccayaṃ sādituñca bhagavatā kattha anuññātaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
问曰——善知友,朝觐者及使役者所携带的缴存黄金熄灭灯火之许可,世尊许可于何处,许可从何时起,许可于什么事例中?
Vissajjanā – antarā ca bhante bhaddiyaṃ antarā ca aṅguttarāpaṃ meṇḍakaṃ gahapatiṃ ārabbha anuññātaṃ, meṇḍako bhante gahapati bhagavantaṃ yāci ‘‘santi bhante maggā kantārā appodakā appabhakkhā na sukarā apātheyyena gantuṃ, sādhu bhante bhagavā bhikkhūnaṃ pātheyyaṃ anujānātū’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
放逸者云——尊者,同时尊者之间及阿吒罗帕中启启静静的鼯鼠,豪户开始许可,鼯鼠,尊者豪户请求世尊:「有道,林中水少难食,路途险难通,愿世尊许可比库们朝觐。」尊者,此事上许可存在。
Keṇiya vatthu给尼耶事
Pucchā – aṭṭha āvuso pānāni bhagavatā kattha anuññātāni, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātāni.
问曰:尊者,世尊所许可的八种饮用物是什么?分别开始于何处?在何种事物中被许可?
Vissajjanā – āpaṇe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha anuññātāni, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā pānāni na paṭiggaṇhiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātāni.
解说曰:尊者,在水中,比库们多有开始饮用,许多比库因为忧愁而拒绝饮水,因此在此事物中被许可。
Rojamallā vatthu马喇人罗迦事
Pucchā – sabbañca āvuso ḍākaṃ sabbañca piṭṭhakhādanīyaṃ bhagavatā kattha anuññātaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
问曰:尊者,世尊所许可的一切食物以及所有可以吃后存放(储藏)之物是什么?分别开始于何处?在何种事物中被许可?
Vissajjanā – kusinārāyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha anuññātaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā ḍākañca piṭṭhakhādanīyañca na paṭiggahesuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
解说曰:尊者,在拘尸那处,多数比库已开始许可的,许多比库因忧愁而不接受所有食物及储藏之物,因此在此事物中被许可。
Pucchā – akappiyaṃ āvuso samādapentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:尊者,世尊对应当远离的恶行,何处广泛宣说其恶?分别开始于何处?在何种事物中被宣说?
Vissajjanā – ātumāyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ vuḍḍhapabbajitaṃ ārabbha paññattaṃ, aññataro bhante vuḍḍhapabbajito akappiye samādapeti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
解说曰:尊者,在闰月中,有些年长出家比库开始宣说,另外一些年长出家比库远离不当行为,对应此事物广泛宣说恶。
Pucchā – saṅghikāni vā āvuso puggalikāni vā bījāni puggalikāya vā saṅghikāya vā bhūmiyā ropitāni bhāgaṃ datvā paribhuñjituṃ bhagavatā kattha anuññātaṃ, kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
问曰:「尊者,集体种子或者个人种子,种植在个人或者集体的地基上,分配给予享用,世尊于何处予以许可?许可于何物事项上?」
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante anuññātaṃ, sāvatthiyaṃ bhante bhagavati viharati saṅghikānipi bījāni puggalikāya bhūmiyā ropiyiṃsu, puggalikānipi bījāni saṅghikāya bhūmiyā ropiyiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
答曰:「尊者,在舍卫城许可。舍卫城中,世尊所住之处,有集体种子种植于个人地基上,也有个人种子种植于集体地基上,此处事项中得以许可。」
Pucchā – vinayamahāpadesasaṅkhātāni āvuso cattāri kappiyākappiyaanulomāni bhagavatā kattha paññattāni, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattāni.
问曰:「尊者,律藏中所说的四种合宜与不合宜、相符与不相符者,世尊为何处为其界定?从何着手?许可于何物事项中?」
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha paññattāni, sambahulānaṃ bhante bhikkhūnaṃ kismiñci kismiñciṭhāne kukkuccaṃ uppajji, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattāni.
答曰:「尊者,舍卫城中多数比库开始界定。多数比库中,于某些地方生起忧恼,此处事项中即为界定。」
Pucchā – yāvakālikādīhi saṃsaṭṭhānaṃ āvuso yāmakālikādīnaṃ paribhogakālamariyādaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:「尊者,关于昼夜等轮转时间限制,关于夜间使用时间限度,世尊为何处开始界定?许可于何物事项中?」
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, sambahulānaṃ bhante bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi ‘‘kappati nukho yāvakālikena yāmakālikaṃ sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ, na nukho kappati. Kappatinukho yāmakālikena sattāhakālikaṃ yāvajīvikaṃ, na nukho kappati. Kappati nukho sattāhakālikena yāvajīvikaṃ, na nukho kappatī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:「尊者,舍卫城中多数比库开始界定。多数比库中有此说:‘昼夜时间限制为昼间时、夜间时、七昼夜、生计期:昼夜时限不相符、昼夜时限相符、七昼夜期间、生计期间:昼夜时限不相符。昼夜时限相符、七昼夜期间、生计期间:昼夜时相符。’此处事项中即为界定。」
Pucchā – bhesajjakaṃ pucchissaṃ, sanidānaṃ saniddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ āvuso kati āpattiyo.
问:对于投药者的问话,应作明白详尽的说明。关于共同制定的戒律,尊者问:违规有多少种?
Vissajjanā – bhesajjakaṃ vissajjissaṃ sanidānaṃ saniddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ bhante tisso āpattiyo.
答:对于投药者的答复,应作明白详尽的说明。关于共同制定的戒律,尊者答曰:共有三种违规。
7. Kathinakkhandhaka七、咖提那衣篇集
Pucchā – vassaṃvuṭṭhānaṃ āvuso bhikkhūnaṃ kathinaṃ attharituṃ bhagavatā kattha anuññātaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
问:尊者,云何解说比库们出瓦萨期间坚持咖提那的教义?世尊曾示现何事为未许可?以何由起,在何事上未许可?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante tiṃsamatte pāveyyake bhikkhū ārabbha anuññātaṃ, tiṃsamattā bhante pāveyyakā bhikkhū sāvatthiṃ āgacchantā bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upakaṭṭhāya vassūpanāyikāya nāsakkhiṃsu sāvatthiyaṃ vassūpanāyikaṃ sambhāvetuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
答:尊者,在沙瓦提有三十人左右犯戒比库,从事未许可行为;三十名左右犯戒比库至沙瓦提来,为供奉世尊观礼,担任出瓦萨服侍者,未曾目睹沙瓦提的出瓦萨服侍者不敬戒律,故此在彼事上为未许可。
Pucchā – kathinakaṃ pucchissaṃ, sanidānaṃ saniddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ āvuso kati āpattiyo.
问:对坚持咖提那者的问话,应作明白详尽的说明。关于共同制定的戒律,尊者问:违规有多少种?
Vissajjanā – kathinakaṃ vissajjissaṃ, sanidānaṃ saniddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ bhante na katamā āpatti.
答:对坚持咖提那者的答复,应作明白详尽的说明。关于共同制定的戒律,尊者答曰:没有任何违规。
8. Cīvarakkhandhaka第八 衣篇集
Jīvakavatthu基瓦咖事
Pucchā – gahapaticīvaraṃ āvuso sādiyituṃ bhagavatā kattha anuññātaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
问曰:尊者,世尊允许家居服饰的种类是从何时起开始允许的?准许于何种物品上?
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante jīvakaṃ komārabhaccaṃ ārabbha anuññātaṃ, jīvako bhante komārabhacco bhikkhūnaṃ gahapaticīvaraṃ anujānituṃ bhagavantaṃ yāci, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
答曰:王舍城尊者,始于比库吉瓦卡·基瓦卡的童年时代开始允许。尊者基瓦卡童年时,向世尊请允许比库使用家居服饰,因此在此物品上准许。
Pucchā – cha āvuso rajanāni bhagavatā kattha anuññātāni, kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātāni.
问曰:尊者,世尊允许布料使用始于多少布?准许于何种物品上?
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha anuññātāni, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū chakaṇenapi paṇḍumattikāyapi cīvaraṃ rajiṃsu, cīvaraṃ dubbaṇṇaṃ hoti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātāni.
答曰:王舍城尊者,自众多比库开始允许。众多比库使用用糙土混合料制成的布料作袈裟。此布料粗劣,故在此物品上准许。
Pucchā – acchinnakāni āvuso cīvarāni dhārentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:尊者,穿着无缝袈裟是否有难处?世尊对此有何规定?从何时起,准许于何种物品上?
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, sambahulā bhante bhikkhū acchinnakāni cīvarāni dhāresuṃ dantakasāvāni, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:王舍城尊者,自众多比库开始允许。众多比库穿着无缝袈裟,以牙制污物清洁袈裟,因此在此物品上准许。
Pucchā – kadā āvuso bhagavā anuññāsi chinnakaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ chinnakaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ chinnakaṃ antaravāsakaṃ.
问曰:尊者,世尊何时准许剃断的袈裟、剃断的上衣、剃断的内衣?
Vissajjanā – dakkhiṇāgirito bhante pacchāgatakāle bhagavā anuññāsi chinnakaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ chinnakaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ chinnakaṃ antaravāsakaṃ.
答曰:尊者,世尊在南面山麓,于后方时段准许剃断的袈裟、剃断的上衣、剃断的内衣。
Pucchā – aggaḷaṃ ca āvuso tunnañca ovaṭṭikañca kaṇḍusakañca daḷhīkammañca bhagavatā kattha anuññātaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
问曰:尊者,世尊准许的手帕、三角布、蚊帐以及固定作业的器具,于何处准许?从何时开始?在哪种物品上准许?
Vissajjanā – bārāṇasiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha anuññātaṃ, aññataro bhante bhikkhu aggaḷaṃ acchupesi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
答曰:尊者,在巴拉那西,从某一比库开始准许,另一比库撕毁了手帕,在该物品上准许。
Pucchā – vassikasāṭikā ca āvuso āgantukabhattañca gamikabhattañca gilānabhattañca gilānupaṭṭhākabhattañca gilānabhesajjañca dhuvayāgu ca bhikkhunisaṅghassa udakasāṭikācāti imā aṭṭha bhagavatā kattha anuññātā, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātā.
问曰:尊者,雨季帐篷及来乞食者、去乞食者、生病者照顾者、病人药物、清洁之物以及比库尼僧团饮水容器这八种,世尊于何处准许?从何时开始?在哪种物品上准许?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante visākhaṃ migāramātaraṃ ārabbha anuññātā, visākhā bhante migāramātā bhagavantaṃ aṭṭhavarāni yāci, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātā.
答曰:尊者,在沙维提,准许维萨卡母鹿起始许可,维萨卡向世尊乞求八次,在该物品上准许。
Pucchā – bhagavatā āvuso mātāpitūnaṃ dānaṃ anujānitvā saddhādeyyaṃ vinipātentassa dukkaṭaṃ kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:世尊,若知父母所受布施,因信而发生欢喜,但堕入过失者,其过失所在何处?从何处开始,于何事中执著?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha paññattaṃ, aññatarassa bhante bhikkhuno bahuṃ cīvaraṃ uppannaṃ ahosi, so ca taṃcīvaraṃ mātāpitūnaṃ dātukāmo ahosi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:尊者,有一比库先起此过失,因见他比库得多衣服,欲将该衣服布施于父母,此事即为过失之所在。
Mātāpitaroti kho bhikkhave dadamāne kiṃ vadeyyāma, anujānāmi bhikkhave mātāpitūnaṃ dātuṃ, na ca bhikkhave saddhādeyyaṃ vinipātetabbaṃ, yo vinipāteyya āpatti dukkaṭassa –
释义:比库们,若谓于布施父母时,该如何言说?我等知父母当受布施,且不应因信生错漏而堕罪;若堕罪,是因所堕过失何处?
Pucchā – aññatra vassaṃ vuṭṭhena āvuso aññatra cīvarabhāgaṃ sādiyantassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:世尊,唯有一岁的布施而得取他人衣物者,此苦事何处?从何处开始?于何事中执著?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ upanandaṃ sakyaputtaṃ ārabbha paññattaṃ, āyasmā bhante upanando sakyaputto aññatra vassaṃ vuṭṭho aññatra cīvarabhāgaṃ sādiyi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
答曰:尊者,有尊者乌波难陀迦叶子先起此过失,因取得非本所属衣服一岁,此事即为过失之所在。
Pucchā – anāthakaṃ āvuso bhikkhuṃ gilānaṃ na upaṭṭhahantassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
问曰:世尊,无依无助且病中之比库不以事奉,所生苦事何处?从何处开始?于何事中执著?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha paññattaṃ, bhagavati bhante sāvatthiyaṃ viharati aññatarassa bhikkhuno kucchivikārābādho ahosi, so sake muttakarīse palipanno sayi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
所说免罪者——尊者,舍卫城中有一比库,开始时犯了罪,尊者住舍卫城时,有一比库患生殖系统疾病,因之不能自制,且堕落为淫逸者,此罪在尊者所讲的戒律条目中被详细规定。
Pucchā – naggiyaṃ āvuso titthiyasamādānaṃ samādiyantassa thullaccayaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
询问者——朋友,关于裸体持戒,即异部中出家者所持持戒的严重罪过,此罪在世尊所制定的戒律中是在哪里被详细规定的?犯此罪应当依什么条文处理?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha paññattaṃ, aññataro bhante bhikkhu naggiyaṃ titthiyasamādānaṃ samādiyi, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
所说免罪者——尊者,舍卫城中有一比库,开始时犯了裸体持戒罪,另一比库也持有裸体持戒这一异部的戒律罪名,此罪在尊者所讲的戒律条目中被详细规定。
Pucchā – sabbanīlakāni vā āvuso cīvarāni sabbapītakāni vā sabbalohitakāni vā sabbamañjiṭṭhakāni vā sabbakaṇhānivāti evarūpāni cīvarāni dhārentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
询问者——朋友,穿全蓝色袈裟、全黄色袈裟、全红色袈裟、全枣红袈裟、全褐袈裟,其中穿着此类袈裟之人所犯错误,世尊所制定的戒律中在哪里详细规定?应依哪条文处理?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante chabbaggiye bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, chabbaggiyā bhante bhikkhū sabbanīlakādīni cīvarāni dhāresuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
所说免罪者——尊者,舍卫城中六种派别的比库,开始时犯了罪;这六派的比库都穿着包括全蓝色袈裟等在内的袈裟,此罪在尊者所讲的戒律条目中被详细规定。
Pucchā – kañcukaṃ vā āvuso veṭhanaṃ vā dhārentassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
询问者——朋友,穿着坎肩或衬裙者所犯错误,世尊所制定的戒律中在哪里被详细规定?应依哪条文处理?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante chabbaggiyeva bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, chabbaggiyā bhante bhikkhū kañcukampi dhāresuṃ veṭhanampi dhāresuṃ, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
释疑回应 —— 尊者,舍卫城中,六种绳索的比库群开始持有限制。比库们持有六种绳索的袋子,也披戴褶皱袈裟,这些均有明确的规定。
Pucchā – cīvarasaññuttaṃ pucchissaṃ, sanidānaṃ saniddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ āvuso kati āpattiyo.
质询 —— 关于袈裟约束,具问,希望说明缘由和详细内容。集体约束规定中,尊者,多少种过失行为?
Vissajjanā – cīvarasaññuttaṃ vissajjissaṃ, sanidānaṃ saniddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ bhante tisso āpattiyo.
释疑回应 —— 有关袈裟约束问题,将解释缘由和详细内容。集体约束规定中,尊者,有三种过失行为。
6. Campeyyakkhandhaka第六 瞻波篇集
Pucchā – suddhaṃ āvuso bhikkhuṃ anāpattikaṃ avatthusmiṃ akāraṇe ukkhipantassa dukkaṭaṃ bhagavatā kattha paññattaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
质询 —— 尊者,关于净戒比库无过失情况下,任意丢弃物品属于恶业,世尊何处有明确规定?自何因缘、何种行为中,规定此事?
Vissajjanā – campāyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha paññattaṃ, bhagavati bhante campāyaṃ viharati sambahulā bhikkhū kāsīsu vāsabhagāme suddhaṃ kassapagottaṃ bhikkhuṃ anāpattikaṃ avatthusmiṃ akāraṇe ukkhipiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ paññattaṃ.
释疑回应 —— 尊者,在此处,大众比库开始持有限制。世尊在此处教导,大众比库在迦尸国瓦萨巴邑净戒咖萨巴族比库中,无过失任意丢弃物品,此事明确规定。
Pucchā – campeyyakaṃ pucchissaṃ, sanidānaṃ saniddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ āvuso kati āpattiyo.
质询 —— 关于此项规定的具体事项,请求说明缘由与详细内容。集体约束规定中,尊者,有多少种过失行为?
Vissajjanā – campeyyakaṃ vissajjissaṃ, sanidānaṃ saniddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ bhante ekā āpatti.
释罪——如放逸罪,指行为放逸,依因缘依止解释。聚合犯戒者,尊者,此为一罪。
10. Kosambakakkhandhaka第十 国桑比篇集
Pucchā – bhedagarukehi bhikkhave bhikkhūhi na so bhikkhu āpattiyā adassane ukkhipitabboti ca, bhedagarukena bhikkhave bhikkhunā paresampi saddhāya āpattidesetabbāti ca āvuso ayaṃ sāmaggirasaovādo bhagavatā kattha dinno, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ dinno.
问——尊者,出家人当中违反戒律的比库,是否可因违律而揭发?又出家比库对他人因信仰而犯戒是否应劝戒?这合本尊说的和合规则,何处所授,始于何事?于何事项所授?
Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha dinno, bhagavati bhante kosambiyaṃ viharati aññataro bhikkhu āpattiṃ āpanno ahosi, so tassā āpattiyā āpatti diṭṭhi ahosi, aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā anāpatti diṭṭhino ahesuṃ. So aparena samayena tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhi ahosi, aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhino ahesuṃ. Atha kho te bhante bhikkhū sāmaggiṃ labhitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ āpattiyā adassane ukkhipiṃsu, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ dinno.
释罪——尊者,国桑比那边比库众多,因起违律,尊者常住国桑比有比库犯戒,此比库因其罪地产生犯戒见,其余比库则无犯戒见。后来其时,其罪见又转为无犯戒见,他比库反生有犯戒见。于是诸比库集和合,揭发其犯戒,尊者,罪论授于此事。
Pucchā – saṅghabhedassa āvuso mūlabhūte bhikkhumhi ukkhittake osārite tassa vatthussa vūpasamāya saṅghasāmaggiñca kātuṃ sāmaggī uposathañca kātuṃ bhagavatā kattha anuññātaṃ, kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
问——尊者,有关僧团分裂,起因在某比库被揭发,而处分相关事项,合僧和合、誓戒安住,何由尊者不许?始于何事?在何事项不许?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante teyeva ukkhittakānuvattake bhikkhū ārabbha anuññātaṃ, te bhante ukkhittakānuvattakā bhikkhū taṃ ukkhittakaṃ bhikkhuṃ osāretvā yena ukkhepakā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamiṃsu upasaṅkamitvā te ukkhepake bhikkhū ekadavocuṃ ‘‘yasmiṃ āvuso vatthusmiṃ ahosi saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṃ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṃ saṅghanānākaraṇaṃ, so eso bhikkhuṃ āpanno ca ukkhitto ca passi ca osārito ca, handa mayaṃ āvuso tassa vatthussa vūpasamāya saṅghasāmaggiṃ karomā’’ti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ anuññātaṃ.
释罪——尊者,沙瓦提有三位因揭发生事之比库,同行者揭发、驱逐其被揭发比库,起因之比库随即接近举报者,举报者诸比库一同言‘此事处生争端、乱说、纷争、分僧之故,称威仪破坏僧团秩序,乃有犯戒之比库、揭发之比库、驱逐之比库。我们应于此事处成立僧团合议’。此事处不许。
Pucchā – kosambakaṃ pucchissaṃ, sanidānaṃ saniddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ āvuso kati āpattiyo.
问——尊者,国桑比,释其因缘依止。合聚犯戒者,尊者有多少罪?
Vissajjanā – kosambakaṃ vissajjissaṃ, sanidānaṃ saniddesaṃ. Samukkaṭṭhapadānaṃ bhante ekā āpatti.
『答复』——我将答复国桑比(之事),连同其缘由、连同其指明。『尊者,(此为)诸殊胜句(所示)的一罪。』