三藏之路 Tipitaka Path
巴利三藏 · 巴利语翻译标准中译
首页藏外AṅguttaranikāyeAṅguttaranikāye

Aṅguttaranikāye · Aṅguttaranikāye

658 段 · CSCD 巴利原典
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa · 礼敬彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者
Suttantapiṭaka · 经藏
Aṅguttaranikāye增支部
Saṃgāyanassa pucchā vissajjanā结集的问答
Pucchā – paṭhamamahāsaṃgītikāle āvuso dhammasaṃgāhakā mahākassapādayo mahātheravarā porāṇasaṃgītikārā paṭhamaṃ vinayapiṭakaṃ saṃgāyitvā suttantapiṭake ca dīghamajjhimasaṃyuttasaṅkhāte tayo nikāye saṃgāyitvā tadanantaraṃ kiṃ nāma pāvacanaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.
询问者问道:第一次大结集时期,法集使者们——以大咖萨巴为首的长老众,既是旧时结集者,首次将律藏集结后,又将经藏中长部、中部、相应部三部收入集结;此后,他们又集结了名为『布瓦卡那』的教训集。
Vissajjanā – paṭhamamahāsaṃgītikāle bhante dhammasaṃgāhakā mahākassapādayo mahātheravarā porāṇasaṃgītikārā paṭhamaṃ vinayaṃ saṃgāyitvā suttantapiṭake ca dīghamajjhimasaṃyuttasaṅkhāte tayo nikāye saṃgāyitvā tadanantaraṃ navahi ca suttasahassehi pañcahi ca suttasattehi sattapaññāsāya ca suttehi paṭimaṇḍitaṃ vīsatibhāṇavārasataparimāṇaṃ aṅguttaranikāyaṃ nāma pāvacanaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.
回答者答道:第一次大结集时期,法集使者们——以大咖萨巴为首的长老众,既是旧时结集者,集结了律藏之后,又将经藏中的长部、中部、相应部三部收入集结;继而又集结了包含九千多经文,五百多经卷,七十五卷的讲述量,名为『增支部』的教训集。
Pucchā – aṅguttaranikāyepi āvuso ekakanipāto dukanipāto tikanipātotiādinā nipātapakaraṇaparicchedavasena ekādasavidhā. Tattha kataraṃ nipātapakaraṇaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.
询问者继续问道:关于增支部,经卷数量分为单卷二卷三卷等十一类,这些组卷分类中,他们集结的是哪一卷?
Vissajjanā – aṅguttaranikāye bhante ekādasasu nipātapakaraṇaparicchedesu ekakanipātaṃ paṭhamaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.
回答者答道:增支部中,在这十一种卷分类的单卷中,首卷即为他们所集结。
1. Rūpādivagga一、色等品
Pucchā – ekakanipātepi āvuso rūpādivaggo nīvaraṇappahānavaggo akammaniyavaggotiādinā vaggabhedavasena bahuvidhā. Tattha kataraṃ vaggaṃ paṭhamaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.
询问者续问:单卷中依内容不同,又分为色等类,染污断除类,烦恼未作类等诸多类别。在这些类别中,他们集结的是哪一类?
Vissajjanā – ekakanipāte bhante rūpādivaggo nīvaraṇappahānavaggotiādinā vīsatiyā vaggesu rūpādivaggaṃ paṭhamaṃ saṃgāyiṃsu.
回答者答道:在单卷中,以色等类,染污断除类等共二十类中,首类即为色等类,他们首先集结了此类。
Pucchā – sādhu sādhu āvuso, mayampi dāni āvuso tatoyeva paṭṭhāya saṃgāhanatthāya saṃgītipubbaṅgamāni dhammapucchanavissajjanakiccāni āvahituṃ samārabhāma. Tenāvuso bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye ekakanipāte rūpādivagge purimāni pañca suttāni kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitāni.
问:善哉善哉,尊者!现在我们也当根据此教法的规定,为了总括性起见,开始诵读前行的法问答篇章。尊者,当知由世尊观察、识知、具足阿拉汉道的加行者,在《相应部》一部单集色蕴等品中,先前的五经分别在何处,怎以何因缘开始说法?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha rūpādigarukānaṃ pañcannaṃ purisānaṃ ajjhāsayavasena ‘‘nāhaṃ bhikkhave aññaṃ ekarūpampi samanupassāmi, yaṃ evaṃ purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati, yathayidaṃ bhikkhave itthirūpaṃ, itthirūpaṃ bhikkhave purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitāni.
答:在舍卫城,大众比库众多时,世尊即从五位对于色等难行之法有执著的男子为主,开始说法。世尊以“我不见有他于一法上均等观察,如此男子之心恒住不变,正如此,舍卫城诸比库!此女子之色,如女子色者,女子之心恒住不变”意如是教授。
Nāhaṃ bhikkhave aññaṃ ekarūpampi samanupassāmi, yaṃ evaṃ purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati, yathayidaṃ bhikkhave itthirūpaṃ, itthirūpaṃ bhikkhave purisassa cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati.
我舍卫城诸比库!不曾见他对任何一法有均等观察,如此男子之心恒住一法,正如女子色如女子之心恒住不变。
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso pacchimāni pañca suttāni bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitāni.
问:正是如此,尊者,五部中的后五经,世尊于何处、何由起说?
Vissajjanā – tasmiṃyeva bhante sāvatthiyaṃ sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha rūpādigarukānaṃ pañcannaṃ itthīnaṃ ajjhāsayavasena ‘‘nāhaṃ bhikkhave aññaṃ ekarūpampi samanupassāmi, yaṃ evaṃ itthiyā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati, yathayidaṃ bhikkhave purisarūpaṃ, purisarūpaṃ bhikkhave itthiyā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitāni.
答:即在舍卫城大众比库众时,世尊也从五位对色等难行法执著的女子为主,说法。世尊以“我舍卫城诸比库!不曾见他对任何一法均等观察,如此女子之心恒住一法,正如男子之色者,男子色如男子之心恒住不变”意如是说法。
Nāhaṃ bhikkhave aññaṃ ekarūpampi samanupassāmi, yaṃ evaṃ itthiyā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati, yathayidaṃ bhikkhave purisarūpaṃ, purisarūpaṃ bhikkhave itthiyā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati.
我舍卫城诸比库!不曾见他对任何一法均等观察,如此女子之心恒住一法,正如男子之色如男子之心恒住不变。
Nītatthavasena, neyyatthavasena依了义,依未了义
Pucchā – imasmiṃ āvuso rūpādivagge bhagavatā nītatthavasena kiṃ kathitaṃ, neyyatthavasena pana kiṃ ñāpitaṃ.
问曰:在此,尊者,世尊在色等品中,作为正意解何以所说?作为非正意解又有何觉知?
Vissajjanā – imasmiṃ bhante rūpādivagge bhagavatā nītatthavasena vaṭṭaṃ kathitaṃ. Neyyatthavasena pana vivaṭṭampi ñāpitaṃ.
答曰:在此,尊者,世尊以正意解而说法轮。作为非正意解,则觉知即转相。
2. Nīvaraṇappahānavagga2. 盖断品
Pucchā – dutiyo pana āvuso nīvaraṇappahānavaggo bhagavatā kattha kathañca bhāsito.
问曰:再者,尊者,关于五盖断除品,世尊于何处何以说法?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante ‘‘nāhaṃ bhikkhave aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi, yena anuppanno vā kāmacchando uppajjati, uppanno vā kāmacchando bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya saṃvattati, yathayidaṃ bhikkhave subhanimittaṃ, subhanimittaṃ bhikkhave ayoniso manasikaroto anuppannoceva kāmacchando uppajjati, uppanno ca kāmacchando bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya saṃvattatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsito.
答曰:于沙瓦提城,尊者,世尊如是说:“比库们,我未曾见他有一法,令未生时欲贪产生,欲贪已生则更加增长旺盛,如此比库们,此为良善的相。不善的相,比库们,若人不以智慧思惟,即令未生欲贪也会产生,欲贪已生则刹那生更旺盛。”如是等语,世尊如是说。
Pucchā – imasmiṃ pana āvuso dutiye nīvaraṇappahānavagge bhagavatā kiṃ kathitaṃ.
问曰:在此,尊者,第二品五盖断除中,世尊说何?
Vissajjanā – imasmiṃ pana bhante dutiye nīvaraṇappahānavagge bhagavatā vaṭṭampi vivaṭṭampi kathitaṃ.
答曰:在此,尊者,世尊于第二品五盖断除,既说法轮,又说转相。
3. Akammaniyava3. 不适业品
Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye ekakanipāte tatiye akammaniyavagge kīdisī dhammadesanāyo desitā.
问曰:“居士,请问……正自觉者在《相应部》第三篇无为法品中,如何宣说此等法义?”
Vissajjanā – tatiye bhante akammaniyavagge ‘‘nāhaṃ bhikkhave aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi, yaṃ evaṃ abhāvitaṃ akammaniyaṃ hoti, yathayidaṃ bhikkhave cittaṃ, cittaṃ bhikkhave abhāvitaṃ akammaniyaṃ hoti. Nāhaṃ bhikkhave aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi, yaṃ evaṃ bhāvitaṃ kammaniyaṃ hoti, yathayidaṃ bhikkhave cittaṃ. Cittaṃ bhikkhave bhāvitaṃ kammaniyaṃ hotī’’ti evamādikā bhagavatā dhammadesanāyo desitā.
答曰:“尊者,此处无为法品中,世尊如是宣说:‘比库们,我不观察他一法为等法,唯独此种无为法成立,如是比库,心为无为法之所成立。比库们,我不观察他一法为等法,唯独此种有为法成立,如是比库,心为有为法之所成立。’如是类法,世尊乃宣说此等教法。
4. Adantavagga4. 不调品
Pucchā – catutthe panāvuso adantavagge bhagavatā kīdisī dhammadesanāyo desitā.
问曰:“居士,请问……世尊在第四品持戒品中,如何宣说此等法义?”
Vissajjanā – catutthe bhante adantavagge ‘‘nāhaṃ bhikkhave aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi, yaṃ evaṃ adantaṃ mahato anatthāya saṃvattati, yathayidaṃ bhikkhave cittaṃ, cittaṃ bhikkhave adantaṃ mahato anatthāya saṃvattati. Nāhaṃ bhikkhave aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi, yaṃ evaṃ dantaṃ mahato atthāya saṃvattati, yathayidaṃ bhikkhave cittaṃ, cittaṃ bhikkhave dantaṃ mahato atthāya saṃvattatī’’ti evamādikā bhagavatā dhammadesanāyo desitā.
答曰:“尊者,此处持戒品中,世尊如是宣说:‘比库们,我不观察他一法为等法,唯独此等不驯服的大恶事生起,如是比库,心受此不驯服大恶事支配。比库们,我不观察他一法为等法,唯独此等驯服的大善行发生,如是比库,心受此驯服大善行支配。’如是类法,世尊乃宣说此等教法。
5. Paṇihitaacchavagga5. 置箭品
Pucchā – pañcame āvuso paṇihitaacchavagge bhagavatā kīdisī dhammadesanāyo desitā.
问曰:“居士,请问……世尊在第五品密会品中,如何宣说此等法义?”
Vissajjanā – pañcame bhante paṇihitaacchavagge ‘‘seyyathāpi bhikkhave sālisūkaṃ vā yavasūkaṃ vā micchāpaṇihitaṃ hatthena vā pādena vā akkantaṃ hatthaṃ vā pādaṃ vā bhecchati, lohitaṃ vā uppādessatīti netaṃ ṭhāna vijjati. Taṃ kissahetu, micchāpaṇihitattā bhikkhave sūkassa. Evameva kho bhikkhave so vata bhikkhu micchāpaṇihitena cittena avijjaṃ bhecchati, vijjaṃ uppādessati, nibbānaṃ sacchikarissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, taṃ kissa hetu, micchāpaṇihitattā bhikkhave cittassā’’ti evamādikā bhagavatā dhammadesanāyo desitā.
答曰:“尊者,此处密会品中,世尊如是宣说:‘比库们,譬如稻秆或谷壳若被错误密会,用手足粗暴破坏,则无血迹产生,此非血之所在。缘何故?因为被错误密会。比库们,犹如彼比库,因错误密会之心割裂无明,生起明智,证得涅槃,亦无所留。缘何故?因错误密会心故。’如是类法,世尊乃宣说此等教法。
6. Accharāsaṅghātavagga6. 指弹品
Pucchā – accharāsaṅghātavagge āvuso paṭhama dutiyasuttāni bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitāni.
问曰:在《字句汇集》品中,尊者们,世尊如何宣说第一、第二经文?
Vissajjanā – accharāsaṅghātavagge bhante bhagavatā ‘‘pabhassaramidaṃ bhikkhave cittaṃ, tañca kho āgantukehi upakkilesehi upakkiliṭṭhaṃ, taṃ assutavā puthujjano yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, tasmā ‘assutavato puthujjanassa cittabhāvanā natthī’ti vadāmi. Pabhassaramidaṃ bhikkhave cittaṃ, tañca kho āgantukehi upakkilesehi vippamuttaṃ, taṃ subhavā ariyasāvako yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Tasmā ‘sutapato ariyasāvakassa cittabhāvanā atthī’ti vadāmī’’ti. Evaṃ kho bhagavatā bhāsitāni.
答曰:在《字句汇集》品中,尊者们,世尊言:『比库们,心是清净光明的,但因外来的污染而染污,未曾听闻者对此真实情况不知,因此我说“未曾听闻者无心的生成”。比库们,这心是清净光明的,因外来污染得以清净,圣弟子真实知见此心,因此我说“听闻者圣弟子有心的生成”。』如此世尊宣说。
Tatiyasutta第三经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso tatiyasuttādīni bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitāni.
问曰:在此处,尊者们,第三经等如何由世尊宣说?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante tatiyasuttādīni pañcasuttāni ‘‘accharāsaṅghātamattampi ce bhikkhave bhikkhu mettācittaṃ āsevati, bhāveti, manasikaroti. Ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave bhikkhu arittajjhāno viharati satthusāsanakaro ovādapatikaro amoghaṃ raṭṭhapiṇḍaṃ bhuñjati, ko pana vādo ye naṃ bahulīkaronti. Yekeci bhikkhave dhammā akusalā akusalabhāgiyā akusalapakkhikā, sabbete manopubbaṅgamā, mano tesaṃ dhammānaṃ paṭhamaṃ uppajjati, anvadeva akusalādhammā, yekeci bhikkhave dhammā kusalā kusalabhāgiyā kusalapakkhikā, sabbete manopubbaṅgamā, mano tesaṃ dhammānaṃ paṭhamaṃ uppajjati, anvadeva kusalā dhammā’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitāni.
答曰:尊者们,第三经等五经中,世尊言:『比库们,即便是《字句汇集》品中,比库若于心中培养慈心,发展慈心,留心慈心者,称为比库无知念,虽作佛法教导、劝戒,仍无成就,享用国土,何况不认真珍重此法者?有些比库,行为不善,惰于善行,恣意不善,是意行之根基;所有意行中,心为第一有情发起;否则就为善行者,善的根基,所有意行中,心为第一生起者,是为善法。』世尊如此宣说。
Aṭṭhamasutta第八经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso aṭṭhama navama dasamasuttāni ca vīriyārambhādivagge dasasuttāni ca kalyāṇamittādivagge paṭhamasuttañca bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitāni.
问曰:在此,尊者们,第八、第九、第十经以及勇进等品、第十经及善友等品第一经文,世尊如何宣说?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante aṭṭhama navama dasamasuttāni ca vīriyārambhādivagge dasasuttāni ca kalyāṇamittādivagge paṭhamasuttañca ‘‘nāhaṃ bhikkhave aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi, yena anuppannā vā akusalā dhammā uppajjanti, uppannā vā kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, yathayidaṃ bhikkhave pamādo, pamattassa bhikkhave anuppannā ceva akusalā dhammā uppajjanti, uppannā ca kusalā dhammā parihāyantī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitāni.
答曰:尊者们,世尊于第八、第九、第十经及勇进等品、第十经及善友等品第一经文言:『比库们,我不见有一法,能使未生者不善法起,已生善法灭,如此疏忽,疏忽之人未生不善法生,已生善法灭。』世尊如是宣说。
Dutiyasutta第二经
Pucchā – kalyāṇamittādivagge āvuso dutiya tatiyasuttāni bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitāni.
询问——于善友等品中,彼世尊如何说过第二、第三经?
Vissajjanā – kalyāṇamittādivagge bhante dutiya tatiyasuttāni ‘‘nāhaṃ bhikkhave aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi, yena anuppannā vā akusalā dhammā uppajjanti, uppannā vā kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, yathayidaṃ bhikkhave anuyogo akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ananuyogo kusalānaṃ dhammāna’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitāni.
回答——于善友等品中,世尊说:“比库们,我不见有别的法能使不善法未生时生起,或已生起的不善法消灭,使善法生起,或已生起的善法衰减,正如比库们,这种分别是对不善法的随顺,以及对善法的不随顺。”世尊如此宣说。
Chaṭṭhasutta第六经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso chaṭṭhasuttādīni ca pamādādivagge paṭhamasuttañca bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitāni.
询问——同样于粗心等品,第六品及以后诸品,世尊如何说首品?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante chaṭṭhasuttādīni ca pamādādivagge paṭhamasuttañca ‘‘appamattikā esā bhikkhave parihāni yadidaṃ ñātiparihāni. Etaṃ patikiṭṭhaṃ bhikkhave parihānīnaṃ yadidaṃ paññāparihānīti. Appamattikā esā bhikkhave vuddhi yadidaṃ ñātivuddhi. Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave vuddhīnaṃ yadidaṃ paññāvuddhi . Tasmātiha bhikkhave evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ ‘paññāvuddhiyā vaddhissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo bhikkhave sikkhitabba’’nti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitāni.
回答——同样,第六品及以后粗心等品及首品中,世尊说:“比库们,这种粗心是不善的损害,即亲族的损害。这是比库们损害中的最低者,是智慧的损害。粗心则是亲族的增长,这在比库们增长中是最上等的,这种增长即智慧的增长。因此,比库们应受如此教导:‘我们当以智慧增长而增长。’比库们,应当如此受教。”世尊如此宣说。
Pamādādivagga放逸等品
Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… sammāsambuddhena pamādādivagge dutiyasuttādīni kathaṃ bhāsitāni.
询问——尊者,请说正觉者于粗心等品中,第二经以后如何说?
Vissajjanā – nāhaṃ bhikkhave aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi, yo evaṃ mahato anatthāya saṃvattati, yathayidaṃ bhikkhave pamādo. Pamādo bhikkhave mahato anatthāya saṃvattati. Nāhaṃ bhikkhave aññaṃ ekadhammampi, yo evaṃ mahato atthāya saṃvattati, yathayidaṃ bhikkhave appamādo, appamādo bhikkhave mahato anatthāya saṃvattatīti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitāni.
回答——世尊说:“比库们,我未见有别的法使如此巨大恶果生起,正如比库们粗心。粗心带来极大恶果。比库们,我未曾见有法使如此巨大善果生起,正如比库们不粗心。不粗心则带来极大善果。”世尊如此宣说。
Dutiya pamādādivagga第二放逸等品
Pucchā – dutiye panāvuso pamādādivagge paṭhamasuttādīni bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitāni.
问曰:尊者,在第二品的懈怠等经中,世尊是如何开示最初的经文?
Vissajjanā – dutiye bhante pamādādivagge ajjhattikaṃ bhikkhave aṅganti karitvā nāññaṃ ekaṅgampi samanupassāmi, yaṃ evaṃ mahato anatthāya saṃvattati, yathayidaṃ bhikkhave pamādo. Pamādo bhikkhave mahato anatthāya saṃvattati. Ajjhattikaṃ bhikkhave aṅganti karitvā nāññaṃ ekaṅgampi samanupassāmi, yaṃ evaṃ mahato atthāya saṃvattati, yathayidaṃ bhikkhave appamādo. Appamādo bhikkhave mahato atthāya saṃvattatīti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitāni.
答曰:尊者,在第二品懈怠等经中,我亲身体察比库内在的部分,没有任何一部分与此相应,却有导致巨大害处之者,如同这懈怠(pamādo)。懈怠在比库中确实导致极大害处。我亲身体察比库内在的部分,没有任何一部分与此相应,却有导致极大利益之者,如同这不懈怠(appamādo)。不懈怠在比库中确实导致极大利益。世尊即是以这样的方式开示。
Dasasutta十经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso tettiṃsamādīnica dasasuttāni adhammavagge ca dasasuttāni bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitāni.
问曰:尊者,那么,三十三天及十大经品中,非正法品中这十段经文,世尊是如何开示?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante tettiṃsamādīni dasasuttāni ca adhammavagge dasasuttāni ca ye te bhikkhave bhikkhū adhammaṃ ‘‘dhammo’’ti dīpenti, te bhikkhave bhikkhū bahujanaahitāya paṭipannā bahujanaasukhāya bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ. Bahuñca te bhikkhave bhikkhū apuññaṃ pasavanti, te cimaṃ saddhammaṃ antaradhāpentīti evamādinā ca, ye te bhikkhave bhikkhū adhammaṃ ‘‘adhammo’’ti dīpenti, te bhikkhave bhikkhū bahujanahitāya paṭipannā bahujanasukhāya bahujano janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Bahuñca te bhikkhave bhikkhū puññaṃ pasavanti, te cimaṃ saddhammaṃ ṭhapentīti evamādinā ca bhante bhagavatā bhāsitāni.
答曰:尊者,那些三十三天及十大经品中,诸比库若将非正法误称为正法的,为广大众生利益而行,为大众安乐而行,然而却致许多人类乃至天人的害处、不利与痛苦。且有许多比库因此罪业凶恶,终将失伏正法。世尊便如此而开示。反之,若诸比库称正法为非正法,亦为广大众生利益而行,为大众安乐而行,利益安乐众生及天人。且有许多比库因此善业增长,终将坚固正法。世尊亦以此方式开示。
Ekapuggalavagga一人品
Pucchā – ekapuggalavagge āvuso bhagavatā kīdisī dhammadesanāyo desitā.
问曰:尊者,在「个体」品中,世尊所说的法教是何种内容?
Vissajjanā – ekapuggalavagge bhante bhagavatā ekapuggalo bhikkhave loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katamo ekapuggalo, tathāgato arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, ayaṃ kho bhikkhave ekapuggalo loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānanti evamādikā bhagavatā dhammadesanāyo desitā.
答曰:「个体」品中,世尊说:在世间生起的个体,为广大众生利益、安乐,以慈悲众生、利益众生、成全众生之境界,为众生及天人之利益与安乐而生。何者此「个体」?他即是如来、阿拉汉、正觉者。如此世尊所说的法教。
Etadaggavagga第一品
Aññāsikoṇḍañña vatthu阿念西果德念的故事
Pucchā – etadavagge āvuso āgatesu ekacattālīsāya theresu āyasmā aññāsikoṇḍaññatthero kathaṃ bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito.
问言——在这一章中,尊者啊,当时四十一位长老到来,尊者“阿耨索拘难长老”是怎样被世尊安置于此高座之上的?
Vissajjanā – etadaggavagge bhante āgatesu ekacattālīsāya mahātheresu ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ rattaññūnaṃ yadidaṃ aññāsikoṇḍañño’’ti, evaṃ kho bhante āyasmā aññāsikoṇḍaññatthero bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito.
答复——在此高座章中,尊者,来到的四十一位大长老中说:『这位高座是我的比库弟子中最具热忱者,为的是这位阿耨索拘难长老』,正如是,尊者阿耨索拘难长老由世尊安置于此高座。
Aggasāvakavatthu上首弟子的故事
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye ekakanipāte etadaggavagge āgatesu ekacattālīsāya mahātheresu āyasmā ca sāriputtatthero dhammasenāpati paṭhamo aggasāvako āyasmā ca mahāmoggallānatthero dutiyo aggasāvako kathaṃ etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito.
问言——因此,尊者世尊,在《增支部》某一品中此高座章里,来到的四十一位大长老中尊者沙利子长老为法军帅,第一卓越弟子;尊者大马哈摩嘎喇那长老为第二卓越弟子,怎样被安置于此高座?
Vissajjanā – āyasmā bhante sāriputtatthero dhammasenāpati ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ mahāpaññānaṃ yadidaṃ sāriputto’’ti. Āyasmā pana mahāmoggallānatthero ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ iddhimantānaṃ yadidaṃ mahāmoggallāno’’ti. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito.
答复——尊者沙利子长老为法军帅说:『这高座是我的比库弟子中最具大智慧者,为沙利子』。尊者大马哈摩嘎喇那长老说:『这高座是我的比库弟子中最有神通者,为大马哈摩嘎喇那』。如是,尊者,世尊由此而安置于此高座。
Idaṃ te āsanaṃ vīra, paññattaṃ tavanucchaviṃ;
此乃座位,勇士啊,乃为你特别预备;
Mama cittaṃ pasādento, nisīda pupphamāsane.
我心安宁,坐下于这华座之上。
Ye vata loke arahanto vā arahattamaggaṃ vā samāpannā, ayaṃ tesaṃ bhikkhu aññataro.
世间诸阿拉汉或已证阿拉汉之道者,此为彼中一比库。
Yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ bhikkhuṃ upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ puccheyyaṃ.
我今亲近此比库,当为问其义。
Ye dhammā hetuppabhavā,
诸法因缘而生者,
Tesaṃ hetuṃ tathāgato;
其因即为如来;
Āha tesañca yo nirodho,
又说彼诸法之灭者,
Evaṃvādī mahāsamaṇo –
此是如来真实之说,伟大神通世尊也。
Labheyyāma mayaṃ bhante bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyāma upasampadaṃ.
比库们,我们应该获得,尊敬的世尊身边的出家资格,应当获得具足的上座戒。
Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ mahāpaññānaṃ yadidaṃ sāriputto.
比库们,我弟子中最智慧者,即此沙利子,实为大师。
Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ iddhimantānaṃ yadidaṃ mahāmoggallāno.
比库们,我弟子中最具神通者,即此大目连,实为伟大。
Mahākassapavatthu大咖萨巴的故事
Pucchā – āyasmā pana āvuso mahākassapatthero paṭhamamahāsaṃgītikāle pāmokkhasaṅghanāyakabhūto bhagavatā kathaṃ etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito.
问曰——尊敬的老友大咖萨巴长老,于首次大结集主持比库僧团肃净时,世尊如何确立此项最高地位?
Vissajjanā – āyasmā bhante mahākassapatthero paṭhamamahāsaṃgītikāle saṅghapāmokkhabhūto ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhutavādānaṃ yadidaṃ mahākassapo’’ti. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito.
答曰——尊敬的,比库大咖萨巴长老,在首次大结集主持比库僧团肃净时,世尊宣说:‘此乃吾弟子中清净弘法者,此即大咖萨巴。’如是,世尊于此最高地位确立法中设立。
Anuruddhattheravatthu阿努儒达长老的故事
Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye ekakanipāte etadaggavagge āgatesu ekacattālīsāya mahātheresu āyasmā anuruddhatthero kathaṃ etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito.
问曰——尊敬的……如是……正觉世尊于《中部经》一节次集“此顶”品中,四十一位大长老中尊敬的阿努儒达长老,如何确立此最高地位?
Vissajjanā – āyasmā bhante anuruddhatthero ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dibbacakkhukānaṃ yadidaṃ anuruddho’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito.
释疑者曰:具寿尊者,阿努儒达长老『这乃吾等比库弟子中,具天眼通者阿努儒达』。世尊确于此尊位上安立此语。
Sīvalivatthu西瓦离事
Pucchā – āyasmā pana āvuso sīvalitthero bhagavatā kathaṃ etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito.
提问者曰:然则具寿尊者,西瓦利长老问曰:世尊何以于此尊位上安立此说?
Vissajjanā – āyasmā bhante sīvalitthero ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ lābhīnaṃ yadidaṃ sīvalī’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito.
释疑者曰:具寿尊者西瓦利长老『此乃吾等比库弟子中获益者,西瓦利』。世尊确于此尊位上安立此语。
Sammāsambuddho vata so bhagavā, yo imassa evarūpassa dukkhassa pahānāya dhammaṃ deseti.
正自觉者实为世尊,彼为破除此类苦难而宣说法义者。
Suppaṭipanno vata tassa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho, yo imassa evarūpassa dukkhassa pahānāya paṭipanno.
修行善行者为世尊之弟子众,彼行修以断除此类苦难。
Susukhaṃ vata nibbānaṃ, yatthidaṃ evarūpaṃ dukkhaṃ na saṃvijjati –
涅槃极为安乐,彼处此类苦恼不复现。
‘‘Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ lābhīnaṃ yadidaṃ sīvali’’ hu –
世尊告诫:『诸比库们,我的弟子中最大的利益者,是这名叫席婆离者。』
Ānandātheravatthu阿难长老事
Pucchā – āyasmā pana āvuso ānandatthero dhammabhaṇḍāgāriko paṭhamamahāsaṃgītikāle dhammavissajjakatherabhūto kathaṃ bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito.
问曰:尊者,这位阿难长老,作为法库,曾在第一次大结集时担任法义解释者,世尊如何确立这首『最大』(etadagga)处?
Vissajjanā – āyasmā bhante ānandatthero dhammabhaṇḍāgāriko paṭhamamahāsaṃgītikāle dhammavissajjakabhūto ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahussutānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando. Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ satimantānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando. Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ gatimantānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando. Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dhitimantānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando. Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ upaṭṭhākānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā pañcasu etadaggaṭṭhānesu ṭhapito.
答曰:尊敬的比库,阿难长老作为法库,于第一次大结集时担任法义解说者时说:『诸比库们,我的弟子中博闻多识的最大者是阿难;诸比库中具正念的最大者是阿难;诸比库中亡迟得趣的最大者是阿难;诸比库中具坚忍力的最大者是阿难;诸比库中勤勤恳恳供养护持的最大者是阿难。』如此,世尊在这五个最大处确立了阿难长老。
Satasahassena me kītaṃ,
以十万遍歌唱我,
Satasahassena māpitaṃ;
以十万遍歌颂我;
Sobhanaṃ nāma uyyānaṃ;
名为美丽的园林。
Paṭiggaṇha mahāmuni –
胜义大圣者接受——
‘‘Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahussutānaṃ. Satimantānaṃ. Gatimantānaṃ. Dhitimantānaṃ. Upaṭṭhākānaṃ yadidaṃ ānando’’ –
世尊言:『诸比库啊,这是我弟子中具多闻者、具正念者、具得趣者、具坚定者、具调护者之最胜法,谓此欢喜。』
Upālivatthu伍巴离事
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye ekakanipāte etadaggavagge āgatesu ekacattālīsāya mahātheresu āyasmā upālitthero paṭhamamahāsaṃgītikāle vinayavissajjakabhūto kathaṃ etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito.
有人提问:『尊敬的先生,在世尊于《增支部·独卷品·最胜章》中讲说此最胜法时,有四十一位大长老在场,具寿长老乌巴离在第一次大会议时担任律学教授,请问此最胜法是如何确立的?』
Vissajjanā – āyasmā bhante upālitthero paṭhamamahāsaṃgītikāle vinayavissajjakabhūto ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ vinayadharānaṃ yadidaṃ upālī’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito.
释疑者答:『尊者啊,长老乌巴离在第一次大会议时担任律学教授,因此世尊说:「诸比库啊,这是我弟子中持守戒律的上首者,谓此乌巴离。」世尊因此在最胜法处确立此说。』
Vinayo vāsayo mayhaṃ,
戒律是我所依存,
Vinayo ṭhānacaṅkamaṃ;
戒律是我依法所行之处;
Kappemi vinaye vāsaṃ,
我遵守戒律,穿着衣服。
Vinayo mama gocaro.
戒律是我所依止的。
Mahāpajāpatigotamītherīvatthu玛哈巴嘉巴娣果德弥长老尼事
Pucchā – etadaggavagge āvuso āgatāsu terasasu therīsu mahāpajāpati gotamītherī kathaṃ bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
询问者曰:『在此为上坐处这一章,朋友,来集之中十三位长老比库尼,玛哈巴嘉巴娣果德弥长老,是如何由世尊于此上坐处所安立的?』
Vissajjanā – etadaggavagge bhante āgatāsu terasasu therīsu mahāpajāpatigotamītherī ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvikānaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ rattaññūnaṃ yadidaṃ mahāpajāpati gotamī’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
答说者曰:『在此为上坐处这一章,尊者,来集之中十三位长老比库尼,玛哈巴嘉巴娣果德弥长老曾言:「此上坐处,诸比库尼为我等所设,为诸比库尼乐闻之所。」尊者,世尊确于此上坐处所安立。』
‘‘Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvikānaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ rattaññūnaṃ yadidaṃ mahāpajāpatigotamī’’ –
『此上坐处,诸比库尼为我等所设,为诸比库尼乐闻之所,正是玛哈巴嘉巴娣果德弥』——
Pucchā – khemātherī pana āvuso aggasāvikā bhagavatā kathaṃ etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
询问者曰:『但尊者,久远比库尼坷梅长老是首座比库尼,世尊如何于此上坐处所安立?』
Vissajjanā – khemātherī bhante paṭhamā aggasāvikā ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvikānaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ mahāpaññānaṃ yadidaṃ khemā’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
放逸者——尊者,第一位大长老比库尼说:“诸比库!凯玛长老是我这些比库尼长老中智慧最为广大者。”世尊便在此最高地位上加以确立。
‘‘Ye rāgarattānupatanti sotaṃ,
“凡听闻歌声,
Sayaṃkataṃ makkaṭova jālaṃ,
如同猿猴自缚网罗,
Etampi chetvāna vajanti dhīrā;
断除此网而自由的,是智者;
Anapekkhino sabbadukkhaṃ pahāya’’ –
不执着于一切苦恼,超越所有烦恼。”——
‘‘Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvikānaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ mahāpaññānaṃ yadidaṃ khemā’’ –
“诸比库!凯玛长老是我这些比库尼长老中智慧最为广大者。”——
Pucchā – uppalavaṇṇā pana āvuso therī dutiyaaggasāvikā bhagavatā kathaṃ etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
询问——尊敬的长老,此花呈莲蓝色的婆罗门尼第二等侍女,被世尊如何置于此极高地位?
Vissajjanā – uppalavaṇṇā bhante therī dutiyaaggasāvikā ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvikānaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ iddhimantīnaṃ yadidaṃ uppalavaṇṇā’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
回答——此青莲色者,尊者,此婆罗门尼是长老们第二等侍女。尊敬的比库们,这极高的地位乃是因她们为具神通之比库尼故,世尊便在此极高地位置于她。
‘‘Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvikānaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ iddhimantīnaṃ yadidaṃ uppalavaṇṇā’’ –
“此极高地位,尊敬的比库们,是我这些具神通之侍女比库尼所有,她便是这莲蓝色的。”
Paṭācārātherībhikkhunīmavatthu巴德佳拉长老尼事
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye ekakanipāte etadaggavagge āgatāsu terasasu therīsu paṭācārānāma therī kathaṃ etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
询问——因此,尊敬的世尊,在正觉者所说《中部》经中,单册名为《尊高》的章节中,所列十三位婆罗门尼中称为帕塔查拉长老者,是如何被置于此极高地位?
Vissajjanā – etadaggavagge bhante āgatāsu terasasu therikāsu paṭācārā therī ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvikānaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ vinayadharānaṃ yadidaṃ paṭācārā’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
回答——在《尊高》章节中,所至那十三位婆罗门尼中帕塔查拉长老,即“此极高地位,尊敬的比库们,属于我所护持戒律的侍女婆罗门尼,名为帕塔查拉者。”正是因此世尊置于此极高地位。
‘‘Ubho puttā kālaṅkatā,
“双亲俱受污浊者,
Panthe mayhaṃ patī mato;
父母兄弟皆悉供养于我;
Mātāpitā ca bhātā ca,
父母与兄弟临近于此,
Ekacitakasmiṃ ḍayhare’’ –
同一心于此地共处——
‘‘Catūsu samuddesu jalaṃ parittakaṃ,
在四水处水为防护,
Tato bahuṃ assujalaṃ anappakaṃ;
其后水多而不净,不能饮用;
Dukkhena phuṭṭhassa narassa socanā,
对受苦人若遇忧伤之事,产生悲痛,
Kiṃ kāraṇā amma tuvaṃ pamajjasi’’ –
『为何你却懈怠不精进?』
‘‘Na santi puttā tāṇāya,
『无子可作庇护,
Na pitā nāpi bandhavā;
亦无父亲和亲属;
Antakenādhipannassa,
没有靠山的强者,
Natthi ñātīsu tāṇatā;
亲属中无庇护者;
Etamatthavasaṃ ñatvā, paṇḍito sīlasaṃvuto;
明了此义理者,是精通戒律的智者;
Nibbānagamanaṃ maggaṃ, khippameva visodhaye’’ –
“涅槃之行路径,应当迅速净除。”
‘‘Yo ca vassasataṃ jīve,
“若有人寿命长达百年,
Apassaṃ udayabbayaṃ;
却未曾见生死起灭之相;
Ekāhaṃ jīvitaṃ seyyo,
一日(生命)胜过百年,
Passato udayabbayaṃ’’ –
见生死起灭之相。”
‘‘Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvikānaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ vinayadharānaṃ yadidaṃ paṭācārā’’ –
“此为在座各比库,当知乃我比库尼众持戒之上首,所遵循之净行法。”
Dhammadinnātherībhikkhunīmavatthu达摩甸那长老尼事
Pucchā – dhammadinnā pana āvuso therī bhagavatā kathaṃ etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
询问道:然而,尊敬的长老尼,请问这尊者是如何在此最高立场上立定的?
Vissajjanā – dhammadinnā bhante therī ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvikānaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ dhammakathikānaṃ yadidaṃ dhammadinnā’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
释疑道:尊敬的长老尼,尊者答曰:这最高者,尊敬的出家比库尼诸同伴中法义讲说者,我所说的正是这个法赠。正是如此,尊者就在此最高立场上立定。
‘‘Yassa pure ca pacchā ca,
“前后皆有,
Majjheca natthi kiñcanaṃ;
中间却无一物;
Akiñcanaṃ anādānaṃ,
无所得亦无持,
Tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ’’ –
我称此人为婆罗门。”
‘‘Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvikānaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ dhammakathikānaṃ yadidaṃ dhammadinnā’’ –
『此为第一,诸比库!此乃我比库尼随侍众中讲说法义者的第一。』
Yasodharātherībhikkhunīmavatthu耶输陀罗长老比库尼事
Pucchā – bhaddakaccānānāma āvuso yasodharātherī bhagavatā kathaṃ etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
问曰:尊者安陀罗,有一位名为巴达迦衍的比库尼,世尊如何在此第一处,设立此义?
Vissajjanā – bhaddakaccānā bhante yasodharātherī bhagavatā ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvikānaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ mahābhiññapattānaṃ yadidaṃ bhaddakaccānā’’ti. Evaṃ kho bhante etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
答曰:巴达迦衍尊者,世尊谓此第一,诸比库!此乃我比库尼随侍众中具大神通智慧现前者的第一,彼即为巴达迦衍。世尊如此在此第一处,设立此义。
‘‘Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvikānaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ mahābhiññapattānaṃ yadidaṃ bhaddakaccānā’’ –
『此为第一,诸比库!此乃我比库尼随侍众中具大神通智慧现前者的第一,彼即为巴达迦衍。』
Tapussabhallikavatthu塔普沙与跋利咖事
Pucchā – aṅguttaranikāye āvuso etadaggavagge āgatesu ekādasasu upāsakesu tapussabhallikānāma vāṇijā bhagavatā kathaṃ etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
问曰:在《增支部》中尊者,来至十一位居士间,有贾纳生与布道商人,世尊如何于此第一品中,设立此次义?
Vissajjanā – tapussabhallikā bhante vāṇijā ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ upāsakānaṃ paṭhamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchantānaṃ yadidaṃ tapussabhallikā vāṇijā’’ti, evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
答曰:贾纳生尊者,商人谓:『此为第一,诸比库!此乃我比库随侍众中近事居士,首次依归者的第一。』世尊于是如是,于此第一品中,设立此义。
‘‘Ete bhante mayaṃ bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāma dhammañca, upāsake no bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupete saraṇaṃ gate’’ hu –
“尊者们,我们皈依世尊,也皈依法,愿世尊不收持近事男的手”,如是说。
‘‘Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ upāsakānaṃ paṭhamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchantānaṃ yadidaṃ tapussabhallikā vāṇijā’’ –
“这第一皈依法,尊者们,是我弟子中近事众第一个皈依者,名为塔普萨巴里迦商人。”
Anāthapiṇḍakavatthu给孤独事
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā arahatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye ekakanipāte etadaggavagge āgatesu ekādasasu upāsakesu sudatto gahapati anāthapiṇḍiko kathaṃ etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito.
有人问道:“善友,请问世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者,在《增长经》第十一经分中的《增长章》里,有十一位近事男,其中有苏达陀居士和给孤独长者,这苏达陀居士是怎样被立在这个增长处的呢?”
Vissajjanā – etadaggavagge bhante āgatesu ekādasasu upāsakesu sudatto gahapati anāthapiṇḍiko ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ upāsakānaṃ dāyakānaṃ yadidaṃ sudatto gahapati anāthapiṇḍiko’’ti. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito.
回答说:“尊者们,在这个《增长章》中,十一位近事男里,有苏达陀居士、给孤独长者,称为‘这是我弟子中近事男布施者,苏达陀居士是给孤独长者’。如此,尊者们,此处由世尊被确立为增长处。”
Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ upāsakānaṃ dāyakānaṃ yadidaṃ sudatto gahapati anāthapiṇḍiko–
“这增长处,是我弟子中近事男的布施者,名为苏达陀居士。”
Sūrambaṭṭhaupāsakāvatthu苏兰跋塔近事男事
Pucchā – sūrambaṭṭho nāma āvuso upāsako bhagavatā kathaṃ etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito.
有人问:“有名为苏蓝巴陀的近事男,善友,请问世尊是如何将他立于此增长处的呢?”
Vissajjanā – sūrambaṭṭho upāsako ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ upāsakānaṃ aveccappasannānaṃ yadidaṃ sūrambaṭṭho’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapito.
毗赦迦那(Vissajjanā)是随顺放逸的近事男,他说:“这就是我诸弟子近事男中,放逸懈怠者的顶礼之处。”如此,尊者世尊便在此顶礼处安置了他。
‘‘Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ upāsakānaṃ aveccappasannānaṃ yadidaṃ sūrambaṭṭho’’ hu –
他说:“这是我诸弟子近事男中,放逸懈怠者的顶礼之处。”
Sujātā upāsikāvatthu苏嘉达近事女事
Pucchā – etadaggavagge āvuso āgatāsu dasasu upāsikāsu sujātānāma upāsikā seniyadhītā kathaṃ bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
有人问:“尊者,这顶礼品中,来到此处的十位名叫苏迦陀的近事女领袖们,是如何被尊者世尊安置在此顶礼处的?”
Vissajjanā – sujātā bhante seniyadhītā ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvikānaṃ upāsikānaṃ paṭhamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchantīnaṃ yadidaṃ sujātā seniyadhītā’’ti, evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
毗赦迦那答言:“苏迦陀尊者,这些近事女领袖们,是我诸弟子近事女中初皈依者的顶礼之处。”如此,尊者世尊便在此顶礼处安置了她们。
‘‘Etā mayaṃ bhante bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāma dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca, upāsikāyo no bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetā saraṇaṃ gatā’’ hu –
她们说:“我们皈依尊者世尊、皈依法、皈依僧团,愿尊者今天不要收摄我们,这些手持拐杖的近事女。”
‘‘Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvikānaṃ upāsikānaṃ paṭhamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchantīnaṃ yadidaṃ sujātā seniyadhītā’’ –
毗赦迦那说:“这是我诸弟子近事女中初皈依者的顶礼之处。”
Visākhā upāsikāvatthu维萨卡近事女事
Pucchā – visākhā pana āvuso upāsikā kathaṃ bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
问曰:维萨卡女士,彼近事女,向世尊问此最上位的地位是如何建立的。
Vissajjanā – visākhā bhante upāsikā migāramātā ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvikānaṃ upāsikānaṃ dāyikānaṃ yadidaṃ visākhā migāramātā’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
答复:维萨卡,比库们!此最上者是为我的弟子、近事女、施主建立的,即此维萨卡,尊为弟子近事女施主的母亲;是这样,世尊在此最上地位上设立。
‘‘Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvikānaṃ upāsikānaṃ dāyikānaṃ yadidaṃ visākhā migāramātā’’ hu –
谓曰:“此最上者,比库们,是为我的弟子、近事女、施主,正此维萨卡,弟子近事女的母亲。”
Khujjuttarā upāsikāvatthu近事女库朱德拉的故事
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye ekakanipāte etadaggavagge āgatāsu dasasu upāsikāsu khujjuttarānāma upāsikā kathaṃ etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
问曰:尊者!由正自觉者,于《中部·数部集·最上品》中所至之十位近事女里,名为库久特塔的近事女,是如何在此最上位建立的?
Vissajjanā – etadaggavagge bhante āgatāsu dasasu upāsikāsu khujjuttarā upāsikā ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvikānaṃ upāsikānaṃ bahussutānaṃ yadidaṃ khujjuttarā’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
答曰:尊者!于此最上品中所至之十位近事女中,有名为库久特塔的近事女,此最上者是为我的弟子、近事女、多闻者而设立,世尊即如是于此最上位设立。
‘‘Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṃ upāsikānaṃ bahussutānaṃ yadidaṃ khujjuttarā’’ hu –
谓曰:“此最上者,比库们,是为我的弟子、近事女、多闻者,正此库久特塔。”
Kāḷīupāsikāvatthu近事女咖离的故事
Pucchā – kāḷīnāma āvuso upāsikā kuraragharikā kathaṃ bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
问曰:「这名为迦梨的居士迦罗家女,世尊如何设立此处境界?」
Vissajjanā – kāḷī bhante upāsikā kuraragharikā ‘‘etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvikānaṃ anussavappasannānaṃ yadidaṃ kāḷī upāsikā kuraragharikā’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā etadaggaṭṭhāne ṭhapitā.
答曰:「迦梨,尊者,此居士迦罗家女说:『此此境界,是我诸居士持戒清净者所共同忆念的,如是,这迦梨居士迦罗家女』,如是尊者世尊设立此处境界。」
‘‘Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave mama sāvikānaṃ upāsikānaṃ anussavappasannānaṃ yadidaṃ kāḷī upāsikā kuraragharikā’’ –
『此处境界,是我诸居士及居士女众共同忆念清净者,所谓这迦梨居士迦罗家女。』
Aṭṭhānapāḷi不可能经
Pucchā – sakalāpi āvuso aṭṭhānapāḷi bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitā.
问曰:「尊者,世尊如何说尽八处典籍?」
Vissajjanā – aṭṭhānametaṃ bhikkhave anavakāso, yaṃ diṭṭhisampanno puggalo kañcisaṅkhāraṃ niccato upagaccheyya, netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Ṭhānañca kho etaṃ bhikkhave vijjati, yaṃ puthujjano kañcisaṅkhāraṃ niccato upagaccheyya, ṭhānametaṃ vijjatīti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā sakalāpi aṭṭhānapāḷi bhāsitā.
答曰:「八处,即无空处,彼有见者圣人,必定到近少微行,彼处不存在。此处境界,即存在着,凡夫若必定到近少微行,彼处境界便现。如此,尊者世尊以此开示说尽八处。」
Ekadhammapāḷi paṭhamavagga一法经 第一品
Pucchā – ekadhammapāḷiyaṃ āvuso paṭhamavagge kīdisī dhammadesanā bhagavatā desitā.
问曰:「尊者,法藏部首卷首章第一章,世尊如何说法?」
Vissajjanā – ekadhammapāḷiyaṃ bhante paṭhamavagge ‘‘ekadhammo bhikkhave bhāvito bahulīkato ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Katamo ekadhammo, buddhānussati, ayaṃ kho bhikkhave ekadhammo bhāvito bahulīkato ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattatī’’ti evamādikā bhagavatā dhammadesanā desitā.
破斥——在第一法藏品中,尊者,世尊说:『世尊!一法,诸比库!由此法生起、广为修习,仅专于对诸法的厌离、淡泊、断灭、静止、深入顿悟、正觉、涅槃而转。何为一法?是佛所忆念者,即佛陀的念想;此法,诸比库!由此一法生起、广为修习,专注于厌离、淡泊、断灭、静止、深入顿悟、正觉、涅槃而转。』如是等诸法,以此起始,世尊说法而已。
Pucchā – dutiyavagge pana āvuso bhagavatā kīdisī dhammadesanāyo desitā.
问——但在第二品中,尊者,世尊宣说怎样的法?
Vissajjanā – dutiyavagge bhante bhagavatā ‘‘nāhaṃ bhikkhave aññaṃ ekadhammampi samanupassāmi, yena anuppannā vā akusalā dhammā uppajjanti, uppannā vā akusalā dhammā bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya saṃvattanti, yathayidaṃ bhikkhave micchādiṭṭhi. Micchādiṭṭhikassa bhikkhave anuppannā ceva akusalā dhammā uppajjanti, uppannā ca akusalā dhammā bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Evamādikā bhagavatā dhammadesanāyo desitā.
破斥——在第二品中,尊者,世尊说:『诸比库!我不见有别一法生起,能生起未生恶法,未生恶法得生;已生恶法则于增盛、增长、扩展而熷盛,如此诸比库,邪见亦复如是。邪见者,诸比库!未生恶法生起,已生恶法因增长而熷盛。』如此开头,世尊宣说诸法。
Tatiyavagga第三品
Pucchā – tatiyavagge pana āvuso pañcamādīni aṭṭha suttāni bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitāni.
问——但在第三品中,尊者,世尊如何说及五种以上八种经文?
Vissajjanā – tatiyavagge bhante pañcamādīni aṭṭhasuttāni ‘‘durakkhāte bhikkhave dhammavinaye yo ca samādapeti, yañca samādapeti, yo ca samādapito tathattāya paṭipajjati. Sabbete bahuṃ apuññaṃ pasavanti. Taṃkissahetu, durakkhābhattā bhikkhave dhammassa. Svākkhāte bhikkhave dhammavinaye yo ca samādapeti, yañca samādapeti, yo ca samādapito, tathattāya paṭipajjati, sabbete bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavanti. Taṃkissahetu svākkhātattā bhikkhave dhammassā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitāni.
破斥——在第三品中,尊者,世尊说:『恶劣破坏诸比库!在法律中,凡修学一法者,且依此修学,依此成道,所修皆真实。此等诸人,广生恶行。其由何故?因未能闻法律诸义。善法已闻,诸比库!修学一法,依此修学,依此成就,真实修行者,皆多生善行。其故,为已闻诸法真实义故。』如是诸法,世尊说。
Apara accharāsaṅghātavagga另一奇妙聚品
Pucchā – aparaaccharāsaṅghātavagge pana āvuso bhagavatā kīdisī dhammadesanāyo desitā.
问——在第四聚教品中,尊者,世尊说何等法?
Vissajjanā – aparaaccharāsaṅghātavagge bhante ‘‘accharāsaṅghātamattampi ce bhikkhave bhikkhu paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ bhāveti, ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave bhikkhu arittajjhāno viharati satthusāsanakaro ovādapatikaro amoghaṃ raṭṭhapiṇḍaṃ bhuñjati, ko pana vādo ye naṃ bahulīkarontī’’ti evamādikā bhante bhagavatā dhammadesanāyo desitā.
释义:在“非戒毁犯行”品中,尊者开示曰:「比库们,若比库修习初禅,只能称为不完全禅,是住于世尊教令、劝诫所染污的,不得真实果报的;何况那些不重视此禅者呢?」如是如此,世尊便开示此教法。
Kāyagatāsativagga身至念品
Pucchā – sakalopi āvuso kāyagatāsativaggo bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsito.
问曰:尊者仁者,在入出身念章节中,世尊是如何开示的?
Vissajjanā – yassa kassaci bhikkhave mahāsamuddo cetasā phuṭo, antogadhā tassa kunnadiyo yākāci samuddaṅgamā, evameva bhikkhave yassa kassaci kāyagatāsati bhāvitā bahulīkatā, antogadhā tassa kusalā dhammā yekeci vijjābhāgiyā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā sakalopi kāyagatāsativaggo bhāsito.
释义:譬如有人心若能洞彻广大如大海,则其内中有妙珍珠、迦楼罗等通达海底之物。比库们,修习且多为作身内观念者,亦如是,其内所现有善法若干,是智慧的分布体。就此,如是世尊开示入出身念章节。
Amatavagga不死品
Pucchā – sakalopi āvuso amatavaggo bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsato.
问曰:尊者仁者,在不死品中,世尊如何开示?
Vissajjanā – amataṃ te bhikkhave na paribhuñjanti, ye kāyagatāsatiṃ na paribhuñjanti. Amataṃ te bhikkhave paribhuñjanti, ye kāyagatāsatiṃ paribhuñjanti. Amataṃ te bhikkhave aparibhuttaṃ, yesaṃ kāyagatāsati aparibhuttā. Amataṃ te bhikkhave paribhuttaṃ, yesaṃ kāyagatāsati paribhuttāti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā sakalopi amatavaggo bhāsito.
释义:比库们,不死之法不为那些不由入出身念修习者所享受;不死之法为由入出身念而修习者所享受。此不死之法为未被破坏者,是由未被破坏的入出身念者;此不死之法为被破坏者,是由被破坏的入出身念者。世尊如此开示不死品。
Kammakaraṇavagga, vajjasutta刑罚品,过失经
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye dukanipāte kammakaraṇavagge paṭhamaṃ vajjasuttaṃ kattha kassa kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:尊者,那末在《增一部》中“恶行章节”内的“初恶戒经”究竟何处是谁以何语所说?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahulānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ‘‘dvemāni bhikkhave vajjāni. Katamāni dve diṭṭhadhammikañca vajjaṃ samparāyikañca vajja’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑人问:长老,在沙瓦提,有许多比库说“比库们,有两种过失。何者为两种?即有见过失与俗世过失。”世尊曾如此说道。
Tasmātiha bhikkhave evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ ‘‘diṭṭhadhammikassa vajjassa bhāyissāma, samparāyikassa vajjassa bhāyissāma, vajjabhīruno bhavissāma vajjabhayadassāvino’’ti. Evañhi kho bhikkhave sikkhitabbaṃ.
因此,比库们应当如此学习:“我们应畏惧有见过失,应畏惧俗世过失,应成为对过失心有怖畏的,能觉知过失的人。”这正是比库们当学习的内容。
Padhānasutta精勤经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso dutiyaṃ padhānasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kassa kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:尊者,再请问,世尊于第二重修法论中,于何时何地向谁,怎样说法?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante sambahulānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ‘‘dvemāni bhikkhave padhānāni durabhisambhavāni lokasmiṃ. Katamāni dve, yañca gihīnaṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasataṃ cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppādanatthaṃ padhānaṃ, yañca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitānaṃ sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggattaṃ padhānaṃ. Imāni kho bhikkhave dve padhānāni durabhisambhavāni lokasmi’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑人答:就在沙瓦提,长老,有许多比库说:“比库们,有两种重修法于世难得实现。何者为两种?其一是居士所应修习,即居士以无家、安住处所、袈裟、食物、饮水、坐卧用具、病药、修治医护等等条件而作的重修。其二是出家人由离家出家后,放下所有烦恼具足条件的诸重修。这两种重修法于世间难得实现。”世尊曾如此说道。
Tapanīyasutta可悔恼经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso tapanīyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:尊者,就此,世尊tapanīyasutta热觉经又是怎样说的?
Vissajjanā – dveme bhikkhave dhammā tapanīyā. Katame dve, idha bhikkhave ekaccassa kāyaduccaritaṃ kataṃ hoti, akataṃ hoti kāya sucaritaṃ, vacīduccaritaṃ kataṃ hoti, akataṃ hoti vacīsucaritaṃ, manoduccaritaṃ kataṃ hoti, akataṃ hoti manosucaritaṃ. So ‘‘kāyaduccaritaṃ me kata’’nti tappati, ‘‘akataṃ me kāyasucarita’’nti tappati. Vacīduccaritaṃ (pa) ‘‘manoduccaritaṃ me kata’’nti tappati, ‘‘akataṃ me manosucarita’’nti tappati. Ime kho bhikkhave dve dhammā tapanīyāti. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑人答:比库们,有二种法是应当热觉的。何为二?此中,比库若有一人,其身恶行已作或未作,身善行已作或未作,语恶行已作或未作,语善行已作或未作,意恶行已作或未作,意善行已作或未作。此人会觉知“我身恶行已作”,亦觉知“我身善行未作”,觉知“我语恶行已作”,觉知“我意恶行已作”,亦觉知“我意善行未作”。这两法即为应当热觉法。世尊即如此说的。
Atapanīyasutta不可悔恼经
Pucchā – catutthaṃ pana āvuso atapanīyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰——第四,尊者,这部『不应激怒经』世尊是如何宣说的?
Vissajjanā – catutthaṃ bhante atapanīyasuttaṃ ‘‘dveme bhikkhave dhammā atapanīyā. Katame dve, idha bhikkhave ekaccassa kāyasucaritaṃ kataṃ hoti, akataṃ hoti kāyaduccaritaṃ. Vacīsucaritaṃ kataṃ hoti, akataṃ hoti vacīduccaritaṃ. Manosucaritaṃ kataṃ hoti, akataṃ hoti manoduccaritaṃ. So ‘kāyasucaritaṃ me kata’nti na tappati, ‘akataṃ me kāyaduccarita’nti natappati. ‘Vacīsucaritaṃ…pe… manosucaritaṃ me kata’nti na tappati. ‘Akataṃ me manoduccarita’nti na tappati. Ime kho bhikkhave dve dhammā atapanīyā’’ti. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答言——第四,尊者,这部『不应激怒经』中世尊说:『比库们,有两种不应激怒的法。何为二者?谓比库,身行清净已成,身行不善尚未成;语行清净已成,语行不善尚未成;意行清净已成,意行不善尚未成。身行清净我已成就,身行不善我未曾成就;语行清净……意行清净我已成就,意行不善我未曾成就。这是比库们,二种不应激怒的法。』如是,尊者,世尊如是宣说。
Upaññātasutta知名经
Pucchā – pañcamaṃ pana āvuso upaññātasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰——第五,尊者,这部『明智经』世尊是如何宣说的?
Vissajjanā – pañcamaṃ bhante upaññātasuttaṃ ‘‘dvinnāhaṃ bhikkhave dhammānaṃ upaññāsiṃ. Yā ca asantuṭṭhitā kusalesu dhammesu, yā ca appaṭivānitā padhānasmiṃ. Appaṭivāni sudāhaṃ bhikkhave padahāmi ‘kāmaṃ-taco ca nhāru ca aṭṭhi ca avasissatu upasussatu sarīre maṃsalohitaṃ, yaṃ taṃ purisathāmena purisavīriyena purisaparakkamena pattabbaṃ, na taṃ apāpuṇitvā vīriyassa saṇṭhānaṃ bhavissatī’’ti. Evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答言——第五,尊者,这部『明智经』中世尊说:『比库们,我曾明了诸法。有未遂如意善法,亦有未违背勤精进者。我举此不违背之例,曰「欲界之火、风、泥土、骨、血肉,或人当具充满坚毅、勇猛、刚毅、利根,必当成就,未得成就者,无有勇毅之林。」』诸如此类,尊者,世尊如是宣说。
Cariyasutta行经
Pucchā – navamaṃ pana āvuso cariyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰——第九,尊者,这部『行为经』世尊是如何宣说的?
Vissajjanā – navamaṃ bhante cariyasuttaṃ ‘‘dveme bhikkhave dhammā sukkā lokaṃ pālenti. Katame dve, hirīca ottappañca. Ime kho bhikkhave dve sukkā dhammā lokaṃ na pāleyyuṃ, nayidha paññāyetha ‘mātā’tivā ‘mātucchā’tivā ‘mātulānī’tivā ‘ācariyabhariyā’tivā ‘garūnaṃ dārā’ti’’vāti, evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答言——第九,尊者,这部『行为经』中世尊说:『比库们,有二法清净守护世界。何为二?谓羞耻与恐怖。此二清净法不守护世界,不能称为智慧,譬如「母亲过于慈爱」、「母家过于慈爱」、「母舅过于慈爱」、「师长及配偶过度慈爱」、「尊长家女儿」等言语。』诸如此类,尊者,世尊如是宣说。
Adhikaraṇavagga, sattamasutta诤事品,第七经
Pucchā – adhikaraṇavagge pana āvuso sattamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
询问——但在应论篇章中,尊者,请问世尊第七经说法时,是始于何处,依何事物,讲说了何内容?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante jāṇussoṇiṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Jāṇussoṇi bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ko nu kho bho gotama hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃmaraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjantī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘katattā ca brāhmaṇa akatattā ca evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃmaraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjantī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
闻者答——世尊,在舍卫城,曾对婆罗门迦奴颂尼作了开示。婆罗门迦奴颂尼对世尊说:‘尊敬的果德玛,因何缘故、基于何因果关系,某些众生在身体破坏后,终至死亡后,堕入恶趣、恶道、地狱?’对此,世尊便以‘婆罗门因何、非因何,某些众生在身体破坏后,终至死亡后,堕入恶趣、恶道、地狱’等诸如此类事由阐述宣说。
Ko nu kho bho gotama hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti.
‘因何缘故、基于何因果,某些众生在身体破坏后,终至死亡后,堕入恶趣、恶道、地狱’——
‘‘Katattāca brāhmaṇa akatattāca evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjanti’’ –
‘由因缘与非因缘,婆罗门,某些众生于身体破坏、死亡后,堕入恶趣、恶道、地狱’——
Ko pana bho gotama hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjanti –
‘那么,尊敬的果德玛,因何缘故、基于何因果,某些众生于身体破坏、死亡后,往生善趣、天界?’——
Katattā ca brāhmaṇa akatattā ca evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjanti.
‘由因缘与非因缘,婆罗门,某些众生于身体破坏、死亡后,往生善趣、天界’——
Na kho ahaṃ imassa bhoto gotamassa saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ –
非也,我甚少将此处尊者果德玛简略所说之语,详尽展开而不分割其义。
Sādhu me bhavaṃ gotamo tathā dhammaṃ desetu.
愿尊者果德玛善哉,广宣如法之法。
Aṭṭhamasutta第八经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso aṭṭhamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kassa kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:朋友,此处尊者所说第八经文,时间、地点及对象为何?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmato ānandassa ‘‘ekaṃsenāhaṃ ānanda akaraṇīyaṃ vadāmi kāyaduccaritaṃ manoduccarita’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:此是沙瓦提城,尊者阿难尊者所说“我阿难一人言,身行恶业,意行恶业”如是诸言,就是世尊所说。
‘‘Ekaṃsenāhaṃ ānanda karaṇīyaṃ vadāmi kāyasucaritaṃ vacīsucaritaṃ manosucaritaṃ’’ –
“我阿难独言,应当修习身行善法,语行善法,意行善法”……
Navamasutta第九经
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye dukanipāte adhikaraṇavagge navamasuttaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:朋友,因此世尊……正自觉者于《中部·小部》法集中第九经文如此宣说。
Vissajjanā – akusalaṃ bhikkhave pajahatha, sakkā bhikkhave akusalaṃ pajahituṃ. Nocedaṃ bhikkhave sakkā abhavissa akusalaṃ pajahituṃ, nāhaṃ evaṃ vadeyyaṃ ‘‘akusalaṃ bhikkhave pajahathā’’ti. Yasmā ca kho bhikkhave sakkā akusalaṃ pajahituṃ, tasmāhaṃ evaṃ vadāmi ‘‘akusalaṃ bhikkhave pajahathā’’ti. Akusalañca hidaṃ bhikkhave pahīnaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvatteyya, nāhaṃ evaṃvadeyyaṃ ‘‘akusalaṃ bhikkhave pajahathā’’ti. Yasmā ca kho bhikkhave akusalaṃ pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya saṃvattati, tasmāhaṃ evaṃ vadāmi ‘‘akusalaṃ bhikkhave pajahathā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
弃舍——比库们,应当舍弃不善。诚然,比库们,舍弃不善是可以的。若说比库们舍弃不善不可能,我不应如此说。正因为比库们可以舍弃不善,所以我才说“不善应当被舍弃”。不善此者,会生出不利与苦难,我不会说“应当舍弃不善”,因为不善的舍弃是为了利益与快乐而发生。因此,我说“不善应当被舍弃”。以上是世尊如是所说。
Dasamasutta, ekādasamasutta第十经、第十一经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso dasamaekādasamasuttāni bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitāni.
问——同处,尊者,世尊如何说第十与第十一经?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante dasamaekādasamasuttāni ‘‘dveme bhikkhave dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame dve, dunnikkhittañca padabyañjanaṃ attho ca dunnīto, dunnikkhittassa bhikkhave padabyañjanassa atthopi dunnayo hoti. Ime kho bhikkhave dve dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattantī’’ti ca. ‘‘Dveme bhikkhave dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame dve, sunikkhittañca padabyañjanaṃ attho ca sunīto, sunikkhittassa bhikkhave padabyañjanassa atthopi sunayo hoti. Ime kho bhikkhave dve dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattantī’’ti ca. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitāni.
释义——同处,尊者,世尊说:“比库们,有两个法,是正法消失乃至灭尽的原因。何为这两者?一者是错误的文字表达,二者是含义错误。若文字表达错误,其意义亦错乱。正是这两法,造成正法的消失乃至灭尽。”又说:“比库们,有两法,导致正法稳固且不灭。何为这两者?一者是正确的文字表达,二者是正确含义。若表达正当,其意义亦正。正是这两法,令正法稳固不灭。”是以,尊者,世尊如此说。
Bālavagga愚者品
Dutiyasutta第二经
Pucchā – bālavagge pana āvuso dutiyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问——在愚人品中,尊者,世尊如何说第二经?
Vissajjanā – bālavagge bhante dutiyaṃ suttaṃ ‘‘dveme bhikkhave tathāgataṃ abbhācikkhanti. Katame dve, duṭṭho vā dosantaro saddho vā duggahitena. Ime kho bhikkhave dve tathāgataṃ abbhācikkhantī’’ti, evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释义——在愚人品中,尊者,第二经曰:“比库们,有二者诋毁如来。何者二?一者是恶者,二者是有嗔恨的有信徒。正是这二者,诋毁如来。”如是,尊者,世尊如此说。
Tatiyasutta第三经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso tatiyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问——同处,尊者,世尊如何说第三经?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante tatiyasuttaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘dveme bhikkhave tathāgataṃ abbhācikkhanti. Katame dve, yo ca abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena ‘bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenā’ti dīpeti. Yo ca bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena ‘abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti’ dīpeti. Ime kho bhikkhave dve tathāgataṃ abbhācikkhanti. Dveme bhikkhave tathāgataṃ nābbhācikkhanti. Katame dve, yo ca abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena ‘abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenā’ti dīpeti. Yo ca bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena ‘bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenā’ti dīpeti. Ime kho bhikkhave dve tathāgataṃ nābbhācikkhantī’’ti, evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释义——尊者,在此正法中,世尊在第三经中说:『比库们,有两种人向如来揭示其内心所念。何等为二?一者,称如来说的言语为“所说所言之言”;另一者则称如来说的言语为“非所说非所言之言”。这两类人都向如来揭示心意。又有两种人不向如来揭示心意。何等为二?一者,称如来说的言语为“非所说非所言之言”;另一者则称如来说的言语为“所说所言之言”。这两类人不向如来揭示心意」。以上即尊者,世尊所说的话。
Catutthavagga, pañcamasutta第四品,第五经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso catutthapañcamasuttāni bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitāni.
问——尊者,在此现法中,第四第五经是世尊如何说法的?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante catutthapañcamasuttāni ‘‘dveme bhikkhave tathāgataṃ abbhācikkhanti. Katame dve, yo ca neyyatthaṃ suttantaṃ ‘nītattho suttanto’ti dīpeti, yo ca nītatthaṃ suttantaṃ ‘neyyattho suttanto’ti dīpetī’’ti, evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitāni.
释义——尊者,在此正法中,世尊于第四第五经中说:“比库们,有两种人向如来揭示其内心所念。何等为二?一者,以经文为无义经文者;另一者,以无义经文为义经文者。”如此类比,世尊如此宣说。
Samacittavagga, paṭhamasutta平等心品,第一经
Pucchā – samacittavagge āvuso paṭhamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问——尊者,在和心品中,第一经是世尊如何说法的?
Vissajjanā – samacittavagge bhante paṭhamasuttaṃ ‘‘asappurisabhūmiñca vo bhikkhave desessāmi sappurisabhūmiñca, taṃ suṇātha sādhukaṃ manasikarotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti, evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释义——尊者,在和心品中,第一经是世尊说:“比库们,我将为汝等说正人之境及邪人之境,汝等当听善之,当专一心善思惟,我将说之。”尊者,如是世尊说。
Dutiyasutta第二经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso dutiyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问——尊者,在此正法中,第二经是世尊如何说法的?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante dutiyasuttaṃ ‘‘dvinnāhaṃ bhikkhave na suppatikāra vadāmi. Katamesaṃ dvinnaṃ, mātu ca pitu cā’’ti, evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰——『尊者,在此正法中,我不宣说双亲之间的不善行为。』何谓双亲?谓母亲与父亲也。此如是经由世尊所说。
Samacittasutta平等心经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso pañcamaṃ samacittasuttaṃ kattha kassa kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰——『尊者,在此处,尊敬的第五部相应经中,于何处、由谁、以何说而宣说?』
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahulānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ‘‘ajjhattasaṃyojanañca āvuso puggalaṃ desessāmi bahiddhāsaṃyojanañca, taṃsuṇātha
答曰——『在娑伽底城,尊者,众多比库中有言:“我当为汝等说内在束缚与外在束缚,诸位当善念紧念。”』如是由尊者长老沙利佛、法军总帅所说。
Sādhukaṃ manasikarothā’’ti, evamādinā bhante āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.
『请善作意思惟』等,如此乃由具寿沙利子长老——法将——尊者所说。
Ovāda教诫
Pucchā – kathañca āvuso tattha bhagavā ovādaṃ adāsi.
问曰——『尊者,世尊于彼间如何为诸人开示?』
Vissajjanā – tattha bhante bhagavā ‘‘tasmātiha sāriputta evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ ‘santindriyā bhavissāma santamānasā’ti. Evañhi vo sāriputta sikkhitabba’’nti evamādinā ovādamadāsi.
答曰——『世尊因此对沙利佛开示:“因此,沙利佛,应如是修习:当心清净、意安然安稳也。沙利佛,尔当如是修习。”』如是启示已。
‘‘Eso bhante āyasmā sāriputto pubbārāme migāramātupāsā de bhikkhūnaṃ ajjhattasaṃyojanañca puggalaṃ deseti bahiddhā saṃyojanañca’’ –
世尊啊,那具寿沙利子曾住在前林鹿野苑的比库们的比库众中,教示于人内在的束缚,也教示外在的束缚。
Sādhu bhante bhagavā yena āyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāya.
善哉世尊,愿世尊以悲悯亲近那具寿沙利子。
Tā kho pana sāriputta devatā dasapi hutvā vīsampi hutvā tiṃsampi hutvā cattālīsampi hutvā paññāsampi hutvā saṭṭhipi hutvā āraggakoṭinitudanamattepi tiṭṭhanti, na ca aññamaññaṃ byābādhenti–
然而沙利子虽被视为十天神,二十天神,三十天神,四十天神,五十天神,甚至六十天神所庄严,且于热忱、坚定、谦卑的程度上屹立而立,却互不相碍。
Tasmātiha sāriputta evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ santindriyā bhavissāma santamānasā.
因此,沙利子理当如此修习,我们必将成为拥有安稳根身、安稳心意之人。
Parisavagga众品
Uttānasutta显露经
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye dukanipāte parisavagge paṭhamaṃ uttānasuttaṃ kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
有人问曰:比库!请问世尊……正觉者在《中部》二集经大品的第一第一“起立经”中是如何说的?
Vissajjanā – paṭhamaṃ bhante uttānasuttaṃ ‘‘dvemā sikkhave parisā, katamā dve, uttānā ca parisā gambhīrā ca parisā, katamā ca bhikkhave uttānā parisā, idha bhikkhave yassaṃ parisāyaṃ bhikkhū uddhatā honti unnaḷā capalā mukharā vikiṇṇavācā muṭṭhassatī asampajānā asamāhitā vibbhantacittā pākatindriyā. Ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave uttānā parisā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
回答说:比库们,第一“起立经”为如此讲述:“两种比库群体,何者为两?高昂者且为广大深厚者,何为其二?比库们,所谓高昂群体,彼比库意气扬扬,愤怒躁动,易怒多言,心不专注,缺乏觉知,心神纷乱,感官开怀。此群即称为比库中高昂群体。”世尊便以如此言说。
Soparisattaka有众者
Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave imāsaṃ dvinnaṃ parisānaṃ yadidaṃ gambhīrā parisā.
比库们,在此二众之中,此为深广之众。
Anaggavatīsutta无始经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso tatiyaṃ anaggavatīsuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:「尊者,此处世尊如实说了第三无胜者经吗?」
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante tatiyaṃ anaggavatīsuttaṃ ‘‘dvemā bhikkhave parisā. Katamā dve, anaggavatī ca parisā aggavatī ca parisā. Katamā ca bhikkhave anaggavatī parisā, idha bhikkhave yassaṃ parisāyaṃ therā bhikkhū bāhulikā honti sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā, na vīriyaṃ ārabhanti appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikabhassa sacchikiriyāyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:「尊者,世尊如实说了第三无胜者经:『二众,比库们。有哪二者?无胜众与胜众。哪者为无胜众呢?比库们,此处无胜众者,是指其中有长老比库多而亲密者,先入僧中,独处苦行者,不起精进,未得果位,未得证了不虚假真理行者。』世尊如是说。
Okkācitavinītasutta奥咖吉德维尼德经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso chaṭṭhaṃ okkācitavinītasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:「尊者,此处世尊如何说了第六放弃恶习善修习经?」
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante chaṭṭhaṃ okkācitavinītasuttaṃ ‘‘dvemā bhikkhave parisā. Katamā dve, okkācitavinītā parisā no paṭipucchāvinītā, paṭipucchā vinītā parisā no okkācitavinītā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:「尊者,世尊如是说了第六放弃恶习善修习经:『二众,比库们。哪二者?放弃恶习善修习众与善修习放弃恶习众。』世尊如是说。
Puggalavagga人品
Asantasannivāsasutta非有共住经
Pucchā – puggalavagge āvuso ekādasamaṃ asantasannivāsasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:「尊者,关于人品品第十一无安舍经,世尊如何说?」
Vissajjanā – puggalavagge bhante ekādasamaṃ asantasannivāsasuttaṃ ‘‘asantasannivāsañca vo bhikkhave desessāmi santasannivāsañca, taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasikarotha bhāsissāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释义:在《人物品》中,世尊讲过第十一篇名为《无所住经》。经中言及:“无所住者比库们,我将为汝等说无所住与有所住,尔等当善听,悉心思维,吾当详说。”世尊即以此开示。
Sukhavagga乐品
Pucchā – sukhavagge pana āvuso bhagavatā kīdisī dhammadesanāyo desitā.
问答:尊者,请问世尊在《安乐品》中所说的法句是何内容?
Vissajjanā – sukhavagge bhante bhagavatā ‘‘dvemāni bhikkhave sukhāni. Katamāni dve, gihisukhañca pabbajitasukhañca, imāni kho bhikkhave dve sukhāni. Etadaggaṃ bhikkhave imesaṃ dvinnaṃ sukhānaṃ yadidaṃ pabbajitasukha’’nti evamādikā dhammadesanāyo desitā.
释义:世尊在《安乐品》中说:“比库们,有两种快乐。何为二?一为在家之乐,一为出家之乐。此二种为比库二种快乐。诸比库中,最殊胜者是出家之乐。”世尊以上言宣说此类法教。
Āyācanavagga请求品
Pucchā – āyācanavagge pana āvuso bhagavatā paṭhamādīni cattāri suttāni kathaṃ bhāsitāni.
问答:尊者,请问世尊在《乞求品》中最初四经是如何说的?
Vissajjanā – āyācanavagge bhante paṭhamādīni cattāri suttāni ‘‘saddho bhikkhave bhikkhu evaṃ sammā āyācamāno āyāceyya tādiso homi, yādisā sāriputtamoggallānā’’ti, evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitāni.
释义:在《乞求品》中,世尊说:“比库们,比库若正当乞求,则当以如是之心乞求,应如沙利子与马哈摩嘎喇那般。”世尊以此类说启示。
Avaṇṇārahasutta不应毁呰经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso pañcamaṃ avaṇṇārahasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问答:尊者,请问世尊在同处《第五无称尊经》如何教授?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante pañcamaṃ avaṇṇārahasuttaṃ ‘‘dvīhi bhikkhave dhammehi samannāgato bālo abyatto asappuriso etaṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavatī’’ti, evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗沙伽那尊者答言:在此,尊者,如佛所说第五阿伽陀经中云:「比库们,凡具两种法者,愚痴无学非圣人,护持此受损自性者,既是罪恶又从愚痴中而来,且为智慧者所非难,积累大恶不善之业。」如是,世尊所说。
Appasādanīyasutta不可喜经
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye dukanipāte āyācanavagge chaṭṭhaṃ appasādanīyasuttaṃ kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:尊者!世尊在《中部·数部·求请品》第六不安立经中,是如何宣说的?
Vissajjanā – chaṭṭhaṃ bhante appasādanīyasuttaṃ ‘‘dvīhi bhikkhave dhammehi samannāgato bālo abyatto asappuriso etaṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati. Katamehi dvīhi, ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā appasādanīye ṭhāne pasādaṃ upadaṃseti, ananuvicca apariyo gāhetvā pasādanīye ṭhāne appasādaṃ upadaṃsetī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗沙伽那尊者答言:第六不安立经中言:「比库们,凡具两种法者,愚痴无学非圣人,护持此受损自性者,既是罪恶又从愚痴中而来,且为智慧者所非难,积累大恶不善之业。何者为这两种?不反思与无适当缘由时,于不安立境地生起安立;不反思无适当缘由时,于安立境地则生起不安立。」如是,世尊所说。
Mātāpitusutta父母经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso sattamaṃ mātāpitusuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:在此,尊者,第七父母经世尊如何宣说?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante sattamaṃ mātāpitusuttaṃ ‘‘dvīsu bhikkhave micchā paṭipajjamāno bālo abyatto asappuriso etaṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hohi sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati. Katamesu dvīsu, mātari ca pitari cā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗沙伽那尊者答言:在此,尊者,第七父母经中言:「比库们,有两种错误实践者,愚痴无学非圣人,护持此受损自性者,既是罪恶又从愚痴中生,且为智慧者所非难,积累大恶不善之业。何者为这两者?对母亲及父亲。」如是,世尊所说。
Tathāgatasutta如来经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso aṭṭhamaṃ tathāgatasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:在此,尊者,第八如来经世尊如何宣说?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante aṭṭhamaṃ tathāgatasuttaṃ ‘‘dvīsu bhikkhave micchāpaṭipajjamāno bālo abyatto asappuriso etaṃ upahataṃ attānaṃ pariharati, sāvajjo ca hoti sānuvajjo ca viññūnaṃ, bahuñca apuññaṃ pasavati. Katamesu dvīsu, tathāgate ca tathāgatasāvake cā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释者问:世尊,在第八本如来经中,谓“比库们,二者之中若行不正法者,愚人、心不专、无善质者,忍受自身所受之伤害,既伤害自身亦伤害他人。智者则不忍,且多造无功德。何为二者?即如来及如来弟子也”——世尊如是说。
Tikanipāta三集
Bālavagga, bhayasutta愚人品,怖畏经
Pucchā – tikanipāte pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ bhayasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kassa kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:立乎三藏部中的第一怖畏经,尊者,此经是对何处何人所说?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahulānaṃ ‘‘yāni kānici bhikkhave bhayāni uppajjanti, sabbāni tāni bālato uppajjanti no paṇḍitato. Ye keci uppaddavā uppajjanti, sabbete bālato uppajjanti no paṇḍitato. Yekeci upasaggā uppajjanti, sabbete bālato uppajjanti no paṇḍitato’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:世尊于舍卫城,告诉众人说:“比库们,所有生诸怖畏者,皆由愚人生,不由智者。凡一切所生恐怖,尽是由愚人而起,不是智者。即便是饰饰恐怖,皆从愚人而生,不是智者。”世尊如是开示。
Cintīsutta思惟经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso tatiyaṃ cintīsuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:尊者,三藏中的第三忧虑经,世尊是如何说的?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante cintīsuttaṃ ‘‘tīṇimāni bhikkhave bālassa bālalakkhaṇāni bālanimittāni bālāpadānāni. Katamāni tīṇi, idha bhikkhave bālo duccintitacintī ca hoti dubbhāsitabhāsī ca dukkaṭakammakārī cā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:世尊在忧虑经中说,“比库们,愚者有三种愚人之相、愚人之因、愚人之过。此三为何?即愚人多忧虑思惟,语言不善,行不善业。”世尊如是教诲。
Accayasutta《过失经》
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso catutthaṃ accayasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:尊者,三藏中第四本积累经,世尊是如何开示的?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante catutthaṃ accayasuttaṃ ‘‘tīhi bhikkhave dhammehi samannāgato bālo veditabbo. Katamehi tīhi, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ nappaṭikaroti, parassa kho pana accayaṃ desentassa yathādhammaṃ nappaṭiggaṇhātī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑者答言:那个地方,长老,世尊如是说第四种灭尽法曰——沙门们,应当认识有三种法具足者为愚者。何等三种?即灭尽乃由灭尽所见,依真实法而不违背;然他人所说之灭尽,虽讲解其理,却不依真实法而不接受也。
Malasutta《垢经》
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso dasamaṃ malasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问者请教:那个地方,居士,世尊如何说第十种秽法?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante dasamaṃ malasuttaṃ ‘‘tīhi bhikkhave dhammehi samannāgato tayo male appahāya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Katamehi tīhi, dussīlo ca hoti, dussīlyamalañcassa appahīnaṃ hoti. Issukī ca hoti, issāmalañcassa appahīnaṃ hoti. Maccharī ca hoti, maccharamalañcassa appahīnaṃ hotī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑者答言:那个地方,长老,世尊如是说第十种秽法曰——沙门们,具足三法者,三种秽垢已除,乃如实脱出,堕地狱中。何等三法?一者,恶不善行者;二者,对恶行污垢不放逸者;三者,忿恚纵愤者;四者,蚊蝇污垢不除者。
Rathakāravagga, ñātasutta车匠品,《知名经》
Pucchā – rathakāravagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ ñātasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问者请教:然则,在战车工匠品中,居士,世尊如何说第一识法?
Vissajjanā – paṭhamaṃ bhante ñātasuttaṃ ‘‘tīhi bhikkhave dhammehi samannāgato ñāto bhikkhu bahujanaahitāya paṭipanno hoti bahujana dukkhāya bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katamehi tīhi, ananulomike kāyakamme samādapeti, ananulomike vacīkamme samādapeti, ananulomikesu dhammesu samādapetī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑者答言:第一识法,长老,世尊如是说——沙门们,具足三法者,识通晓沙门,行诸大众利益,利益众生痛苦,令诸众生不善、不利、苦害众生及天人等。何等三法?即逆法身业,不顺法口业,不顺法行亦不见容也。
Āsaṃsasutta《期望经》
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso tatiyaṃ āsaṃsasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问者请教:那个地方,居士,世尊如何说第三依止法?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante tatiyaṃ āsaṃsasuttaṃ ‘‘tayome bhikkhave puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo nirāso āsaṃso’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑者答曰:尊者,在此法中,第三则牵涉教法《三比库为圣众于世间相应》中,世尊曾如是说。
Sacetanasutta《萨切德那经》
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye tikanipāte rathakāravagge pañcamaṃ sacetanasuttaṃ kattha kassa kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问者问曰:尊者,此善逝于《增支部》三分部《车夫品》第五经《三意经》中,于何处对何人与何事而说?
Vissajjanā – bārāṇasiyaṃ bhante sambahulānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ārabbha ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ bhikkhave rājā ahosi sacetano nāma, atha kho bhikkhave rājā sacetano rathakāraṃ āmantesi ito me samma rathakāra channaṃ māsānaṃ paccayena saṅgāmo bhavissati sakkhissasi me samma rathakāra navaṃ cakkayugaṃ kātu’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑者答曰:尊者,在巴拉那西众多比库中开始时,世尊如是说:过去曾有国王名为察提那,后察提那王召见一位车夫,对他说:“我这边将有由连续几个月雨水掩盖的战役,你须作我的正车夫,准备新的战车联军。”
Apaṇṇakasutta《无误经》
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso chaṭṭhaṃ apaṇṇakasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问者问曰:尊者,于此第六《不离根经》,世尊如何说法?
Vissajjanā – chaṭṭhaṃ bhante apaṇṇakasuttaṃ ‘‘tīhi bhikkhave dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu apaṇṇakapaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hoti, yoni cassa āraddhā hoti āsavānaṃ khayāya. Katamehi tīhi, idha bhikkhave bhikkhu indriyesu guttadvāro hoti, bhojane mattaññū hoti, jāgariyamanuyutto hotī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑者答曰:尊者,第六《不离根经》曰:‘比库具足三种法,乃修不离根之行,生起根本,入三毒断灭之门。何三者耶?谓比库根门紧闭,饮食有量,常保持清醒精进。’世尊如此说。
Devalokasutta天界经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso aṭṭhamaṃ devalokasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问者问曰:尊者,第八《天界经》,世尊如何说法?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante aṭṭhamaṃ devalokasuttaṃ ‘‘sace vo bhikkhave aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ puccheyyuṃ ‘‘devalokūpapattiyā āvuso samaṇe gotame brahmacariyaṃ vussathā’ti. Nanu tumhe bhikkhave evaṃ puṭṭhā aṭṭīyeyyātha harāyeyyātha jiguccheyyāthā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
问者说:尊者,正如世尊在第八天神所说的法中曾言:“若诸比库,若有外道游方者来问,‘尊者游方沙门果德玛,修行比库戒律几久?’尔时,诸比库应当如实答复、应当不隐讳、应当称发。”世尊即如是开示。
Paṭhama pāpaṇikasutta第一商贩经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso navamaṃ paṭhamapāpaṇikasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问者问:贤友,正如世尊在第九日第一劣行经中如何开示?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante navamaṃ paṭhamapāpaṇikasuttaṃ ‘‘tīhi bhikkhave aṅgehi samannāgato pāpaṇiko abhabbo anadhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ adhigantuṃ, adhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ phātiṃ kātuṃ. Katamehi tīhi, idha bhikkhave pāpaṇiko pubbaṇhasamayaṃ na sakkaccaṃ kammantaṃ adhiṭṭhātī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答者说:如经所载,尊者,世尊在第九日第一劣行经中开示:“诸比库,若有恶行比库,具备三恶因,则不能获得未得的利益,也不能摧毁已得的利益。何为三?此恶行比库于清晨尚未起行勤作恶业。”世尊乃如此宣说。
Puggalavagga人品
Gilānasutta病者经
Pucchā – puggalavagge pana āvuso dutiyaṃ gilānasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问者问:贤友,关于人物品中第二病人经,世尊又如何开示?
Vissajjanā – puggalavagge bhante dutiyaṃ gilānasuttaṃ ‘‘tayome bhikkhave gilānā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo, idha bhikkhave ekacco gilāno labhanto vā sappāyāni bhojanāni alabhanto vā sappāyāni bhojanāni, labhanto vā sappāyāni bhesajjāni alabhanto vā sappāyāni bhesajjāni, labhanto vā patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ alabhanto vā patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ vuṭṭhāti tamhā ābādhā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答者说:尊者,人物品中第二病人经中曰:“诸比库,有三种病者,安住世间受病苦。何为三者?若有比库病者,或得足食,或不得足食;得足药,或不得足药;得合宜侍者,或不得合宜侍者,即受此种病痛。”世尊乃如此开示。
Bahukārasutta多所助益经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso catutthaṃ bahukārasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问者问:贤友,正如世尊在第四日多作经中如何宣说?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante catutthaṃ bahukārasuttaṃ ‘‘tayo me bhikkhave puggalā puggalassa bahukārā. Katame tayo, yaṃ bhikkhave puggalaṃ āgamma puggalo buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti. Ayaṃ bhikkhave puggalo imassa puggalassa bahukāro’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑者答曰:尊者,当时世尊如此说第四种多所作人之经:“比库们,我有三种人,这三种人是多所作的。是哪些三种呢?所谓比库们,若有人,投靠佛陀作依止,投靠法作依止,投靠僧作依止,此人即为该人中之多所作人。”世尊如是说。
Jigucchitabbasutta应厌避经
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā jānatā passatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye tikanipāte puggalavagge sattamaṃ jigucchitabbasuttaṃ kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问者问曰:「尊者,那位受世尊所知所见者……略……正觉者在《相应部》的三品比库论品中第七『应厌恶经』是如何说的?」
Vissajjanā – sattamaṃ bhante jigucchitabbasuttaṃ ‘‘tayome bhikkhave puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo, atthi bhikkhave puggalo jigucchitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo, atthi bhikkhave puggalo ajjhupekkhitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo, atthi bhikkhave puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑者答曰:「第七应厌恶经说:‘比库们,三种人在世间安住和谐。是哪些三种呢?有比库,应当厌恶,不应亲近,不应侍奉,不应敬重;有比库,应当保持平等心,不应亲近,不应侍奉,不应敬重;有比库,应当亲近,应当侍奉,应当敬重。’世尊如此说。」
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā jigucchitabbo puggalo nasevitabbo nabhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo pakāsito.
问者问曰:「请问尊者,那里所说应当厌恶的人,为什么不应亲近、不应侍奉、不应敬重,世尊是如何揭示的?」
Vissajjanā – ‘‘katamo ca bhikkhave puggalo jigucchitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo. Idha bhikkhave ekacco dussīlo hoti pāpadhammo asucisaṅkassarasamācāro paṭicchannakammanto assamaṇo samaṇapaṭiñño abrahmacārī brahmacāripaṭiñño antopūti avassuto kasambujāto, evarūpo bhikkhave puggalo jigucchitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā jigucchitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo puggalo pakāsito.
释疑者答曰:「是哪一种比库应当厌恶、不应亲近、不应侍奉、不应敬重呢?这里有些比库品性恶劣,是恶法者,行为不净,秘密作恶,与僧团不和,违逆比库戒法,不守梵行,无名可玷辱,此类比库应当厌恶、不应亲近、不应侍奉、不应敬重。」世尊如此说明此类应当厌恶、不应亲近、不应侍奉、不应敬重之比库。
Pucchā – kathaṃ panāvuso tattha bhagavatā ajjhupekkhitabbo puggalo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo pakāsito.
问者问曰:「尊者,那些应当保持平等心,不应亲近、不应侍奉、不应敬重的人是如何揭示的?」
Vissajjanā – katamo ca bhikkhave puggalo ajjhupekkhitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo, idha bhikkhave ekacco puggalo kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo, appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati, kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukarotī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha ajjhupekkhitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo puggalo pakāsito.
释疑曰:「比库们,何等人应当被舍弃?不应往来、不应亲近、不应追随、不应敬奉?在此,比库们,有某些人性情忿怒,常多烦恼,哪怕极微小的言论也生怨恨,恼怒伤害,重蹈覆辙,激起愤恨与嗔恨。」以此类推,尊长世尊宣示:于此地,如是之人应被舍弃,不宜交往、亲近、追随、敬奉。此人业显明显,理应断绝交往。
Pucchā – kathaṃ panāvuso tattha bhagavatā sevitabbo puggalo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo pakāsito.
闻问曰:「善友,然则世尊所开示当亲近、当侍奉、当敬奉之人如何说?」
Vissajjanā – ‘‘katamo ca bhikkhave puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo, idha bhikkhave ekacco puggalo sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo, evarūpo bhikkhave puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo’’ti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā sevitabbo puggalo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo pakāsito.
释疑曰:「比库们,何等人应当亲近、当侍奉、当敬奉?在此地,比库们,有某些人持守戒律,为善法所具,此类之人,应当亲近、侍奉、敬奉。」以此类推,尊长世尊于是宣示:当亲近、当侍奉、当敬奉之人已明确指出。
Gūthabhāṇīsutta粪语经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso puggalavagge aṭṭhamaṃ gūthabhāṇīsuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
闻问曰:「善友,于此比库部派中,第八经《谋言经》世尊是如何说法?」
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante puggalavagge aṭṭhamaṃ gūthabhāṇīsuttaṃ ‘‘tayo me bhikkhave puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo, gūthabhāṇī pupphabhāṇī madhubhāṇī’’ti evaṃ kho bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑曰:「正是如是,尊者,在比库部中,第八经《谋言经》用语是:『比库们,我有三类人,在世间安住时心释然。三者为何?谋言者、花言者、美言者。』世尊即如是说法。」
Gūthabhāṇīpuggala粪语者
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā gūthabhāṇīpuggalo pakāsito.
闻问曰:「善友,于彼处世尊怎说谋言者之特质?」
Vissajjanā – katamo ca bhikkhave puggalo gūthabhāṇī, idha bhikkhave ekacco puggalo sabhaggato vā parisaggato vā ñātimajjhagatovā pūgamajjhagatovā rājakulamajjhagatovā abhinīto sakkhipuṭṭho ‘‘ehambho purisa yaṃ jānāsi, taṃ vadehī’’ti. So ajānaṃ vā āha ‘‘jānāmī’’ti, jānaṃ vā āha ‘‘na jānāmī’’ti, apassaṃ vā āha ‘‘passāmī’’ti, passaṃ vā āha ‘‘na passāmī’’ti. Iti attahetu vā parahetu vā āmisakiñcikkhahetu vā sampajānamusā bhāsitā hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave puggalo gūthabhāṇīti, evaṃ kho bhante tattha bhagavatā gūthabhāṇīpuggalo pakāsito.
释义-比库们,何为隐秘之语者?此处比库中有某人,对于同舍、朋友、亲属、部众、王族等有所熟识,亲近,目睹,并且对他说:“我即此人,你所知者,尽可言说。”此人或称“不知”,或称“我知”,或说“未见”,或说“已见”。无论是否自知或依他知,或因自身感觉所缘,说辞皆属虚妄不实。此即称为比库中隐秘之语者。如此,世尊在此亦开示隐秘之语者。
Pupphabhāṇīpuggala花语者
Pucchā – kathaṃ panāvuso tattha bhagavatā pupphabhāṇīpuggalo pakāsito.
问曰-尊者,此处世尊如何开示花语之人?
Vissajjanā – katamo ca bhikkhave puggalo pupphabhāṇī, idha bhikkhave ekacco puggalo sabhaggato vā parisaggato vā ñātimajjhagato vā pūgamajjhagatovā rājakulamajjhagato vā abhinīto sakkhipuṭṭho ‘‘ehambho purisa yaṃ pajānāsi, taṃ vadehī’’ti. So ajānaṃ vā āha ‘‘na jānāmī’’ti, jānaṃ vā āha ‘‘jānāmī’’ti, apassaṃ vā āha ‘‘na passāmī’’ti, passaṃ vā āha ‘‘passāmī’’ti, iti attahetu vā parahetu vā āmisakiñcikkhahetu vā na sampajānamusā bhāsitā hoti, ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave puggalo pupphabhāṇīti, evaṃ kho bhante tattha bhagavatā pupphabhāṇīpuggalo pakāsito.
释义-比库们,何为花语之人?此处比库中有某人,对于同舍、朋友、亲属、部众、王族等有所熟悉,亲近,目睹,并且对他说:“我即此人,你所知者,尽可言说。”此人或说“不知”,或说“我知”,或说“未见”,或说“已见”。无论是否从自身知见、他人知见,或因自身感觉为缘,所言语皆非虚妄不实。此即称比库中花语之人。如此,世尊在此亦开示花语之人。
Madhubhāṇīpuggala蜜语者
Pucchā – kathaṃ panāvuso tattha bhagavatā madhubhāṇī puggalo pakāsito.
问曰-尊者,此处世尊如何开示蜜语之人?
Vissajjanā – katamo ca bhikkhave puggalo madhubhāṇī, idha bhikkhave ekacco puggalo pharusaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato
释义-释义-比库们,何为蜜语之人?此处比库中有某人,舍弃粗恶之言,严禁粗恶言语,守护清净柔和之语。
Hotīti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā tattha madhubhāṇī puggalo pakāsito.
如是,如此,世尊亦在此开示蜜语之人。
Andhasutta盲经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso puggalavagge navamaṃ andhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:尊者,世尊在《人品》篇第九的《盲人经》如何说法?
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante puggalavagge navamaṃ andhasuttaṃ ‘‘tayome bhikkhave puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo andho ekacakkhu dvicakkhū’’ti, evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,在《人品》篇第九的《盲人经》中,世尊如是说:比库们,世上有三类安住的比库。哪三者呢?一者盲目者,一者独眼者,一者双眼者,世尊如是说。
Pucchā – kīdiso āvuso puggalo tattha bhagavatā andho akkhāto.
问曰:尊者,如此者中,世尊所称盲目者是何种人?
Vissajjanā – yassa bhante bhogesu ceva dhammesu ca paññācakkhu natthi, ediso bhante puggalo tattha bhagavatā andho akkhāto.
答曰:尊者,若有某人,其五根五力中无慧眼者,则世尊称此人为盲目者。
Pucchā – kīdiso pana āvuso puggalo tattha bhagavatā ekacakkhu akkhāto.
问曰:尊者,那世尊所称独眼者是何种人?
Vissajjanā – yassa bhante bhogesuyeva paññācakkhu atthi na dhammesu. Īdiso bhante puggalo tattha bhagavatā ekacakkhu akkhāto.
答曰:尊者,若有某人,其五根五力中虽有慧眼而无法眼,则世尊称此人为独眼者。
Pucchā – kīdiso pana āvuso puggalo tattha bhagavatā dvicakkhu akkhāto.
询问者问道:‘大德,在此,世尊所开示的这位人是怎样的人呢?’
Vissajjanā – yassa bhante bhogesu ceva dhammesu ca paññācakkhu atthi, īdiso bhante puggalo tattha bhagavatā dvicakkhu akkhāto.
答复者说:‘尊者,此人具备般若眼,能洞见诸世因缘,无有障碍,这样的尊者即是世尊在此所开示的那位具足般若眼的人。’
Avakujjasutta覆钵经
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā jānatā passatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye tikanipāte puggalavagge dasamaṃ avakujjasuttaṃ kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
询问者说:‘恳请大德,介绍世尊所知所见……依《增支部》中《三分法品》第十经"去污净人经"的教说,如何说明其义?’
Vissajjanā – dasamaṃ bhante avakujjasuttaṃ ‘‘tayo me bhikkhave puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo, avakujjapañño puggalo ucchaṅgapañño puggalo puthupañño puggalo. Katamo ca bhikkhave avakujjapañño puggalo. Idha bhikkhave ekacco puggalo ārāmaṃ gantā hoti abhikkhaṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammassavanāya, tassa bhikkhū dhammaṃ desentiādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsenti. So tasmiṃ āsane nisinno tassā kathāya nevādiṃ manasikaroti, na majjhaṃ manasikaroti, na pariyosānaṃ manasikaroti, vuṭṭhitopi tamhā āsanā tassā kathāya nevādiṃ manasikaroti, na majjhaṃ manasikaroti, na pariyosānaṃ manasikarotī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答复者说:‘正如大德,去污净人经第十说:“比库们,世间当中,有三种清净的比库。何为三?去污净慧者,比库高明者,新学慧者。又何为去污净慧者?比库们,有一比库常往园林,时常亲近比库听法。诸比库为其说法,宣说初善、中善、究竟善法,利益广大,具足殊胜,净洁梵行。当其座位上坐时,不生杂念,既不思惟中法,亦不思惟究竟法,虽然动起,仍不散乱”——如是诸法,世尊即这样开示。’
Devadūtavagga, sabrahmakasutta天使品,与梵天经
Pucchā – devadūtavagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ sabrahmakasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
询问者说:‘藏天使品中,尊者,这第一经“婆罗门经”世尊是如何宣说的?’
Vissajjanā – devadūtavagge bhante paṭhamaṃ sabrahmakasuttaṃ ‘‘sabrahmakāni bhikkhave tāni kulāni, yesaṃ puttānaṃ mātāpitaro ajjhāgāre pūjitā honti. Sapubbacariyakāni bhikkhave tāni kulāni, yesaṃ puttānaṃ mātāpitaro ajjhāgāre pūjitā honti. Āhuneyyāni bhikkhave tāni kulāni, yesaṃ puttānaṃ mātāpitaro ajjhāgāre pūjitā honti. Brahmāti bhikkhave mātāpitūnaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Pubbācariyāti bhikkhave mātāpitūnaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Āhuneyyāti bhikkhave etaṃ mātāpitūnaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu, bahukārā bhikkhave mātāpitaro puttānaṃ āpādakā posakā imassa lokassa dassetāro’’ti, evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答复者说:‘藏天使品中,第一婆罗门经云:“比库们,婆罗门即是那些家族,其子女父母在家中受尊敬者。先行者即是那些家族,其子女父母在家受到尊敬者。可供品即是那些家族,其子女父母在家中被尊敬者。婆罗门,乃父母的总代称;先行者,乃父母的称谓;可供品,乃父母的称谓。何以故?比库们,父母为子女多有利益、养育,披示此世。”如是,世尊如此宣说。’
Brahmāti mātāpitaro, pubbācariyāti vuccare;
「婆罗门」者,「父母」也,「前师」者亦称之。
Āhuneyyā ca puttānaṃ, pajāya anukampakā;
「应供」者,谓对儿女慈悲怜悯者。
Tasmā hi ne namasseyya, sakkareyya ca paṇḍito;
因此,智者当以此礼拜敬奉之。
Annena atha pānena, vatthena sayanena ca;
以饮食、饮水、衣服与卧具。
Ucchādanena nhāpanena, pādānaṃ dhovanena ca;
以剃除头发,焠洗沐浴,并洗涤足部。
Tāya naṃ pāricariyāya, mātāpitūsu paṇḍitā.
以此供养事奉父母者,为具智慧者。
Idheva naṃ pasaṃsanti, pecca sagge pamodatīti –
在此众人赞叹他,后来天上欢喜,谓之如是——
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso pañcamaṃ hatthakasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
询问曰:『尊者,这正是第五品〈象的经〉,世尊如何说的?』
Vissajjanā – pañcamaṃ bhante hatthakasuttaṃ āḷaviyaṃ hatthakaṃ āḷavakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Hatthako bhante āḷavako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kacci bhante bhagavā sukhamasayitthā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘evaṃ kumāra sukhamasayittha ye ca pana loke sukhaṃ senti, ahaṃ tesaṃ aññataro’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
解说曰:『第五品啊,尊者,是由阿拉维国的象作为起首所说。象啊,尊者,是阿拉维的象,它对世尊说道:「尊者,世尊是否安乐地坐着呢?」对此,世尊就此话题说:「是这样,年轻的比库,我安乐地坐着;而那世间上感受安乐的人们中,我是其中之一。」』
‘‘Kacci bhante bhagavā sukhamasayittha’’.
「尊者,世尊是否安乐地坐着呢?」
‘‘Evaṃ kumāra sukhamasayittha, ye ca pana loke sukhaṃ senti, ahaṃ tesaṃ aññataro’’.
「是这样,年轻的比库,我安乐地坐着;而那世间上感受安乐的人们中,我是其中之一。」
‘‘Evaṃ kumāra sukhamasayittha, ye ca pana loke sukhaṃ senti, ahaṃ tesaṃ aññataro’’.
「是这样,年轻的比库,我安乐地坐着;而那世间上感受安乐的人们中,我是其中之一。」
‘‘Sabbadā ve sukhaṃ seti,
“恒常安乐之者,
Brāhmaṇo parinibbuto;
婆罗门已得最终涅槃;
Yo na limpati kāmesu,
不为欲乐所染染,
Sītibhūto nirūpadhi;
清凉成就无挂碍;
Sabbā āsattiyo chetvā,
断除一切贪着,
Vineyya hadaye daraṃ;
调伏内心诸苦恼。
Upasanto sukhaṃ seti;
安静者承受安乐;
Santiṃ pappuyya cetaso’’ hu –
心得安宁者说——
Devadūtasutta天使经
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye tikanipāte devadūtavagge chaṭṭhaṃ devadūtasuttaṃ kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
有人问:『尊者,世尊于《相应部》第三集天使品中,论及第六天使经时,是怎样说法的?』
Vissajjanā – chaṭṭhaṃ bhante devadūtasuttaṃ ‘‘tīṇimāni bhikkhave devadūtāni. Katamāni tīṇi, idha bhikkhave ekacco kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, manasā duccaritaṃ carati. So kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā vācāya duccaritaṃ caritvā manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. Tamenaṃ bhikkhave nirayapālā nānābāhāsu gahetvā yamassa rañño dassenti-ayaṃ deva puriso amatteyyo apetteyyo asāmañño abrahmañño, na kule jeṭṭhapacāyī, imassa devo daṇḍaṃ paṇetū’’ti. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:『尊者!第六天使经云:「比库们,有三种天使。何等三种?此有比库或以身行、言语行、意行恶行者。此比库以身行恶、言语行恶、意行恶,身体破坏后,必堕入死后地狱,现恶趣、恶道、地狱中受苦。此时比库,应受多手恶鬼护持之苦,由主管阎王显现告知曰:『此为非人、非天、不合常、不合婆罗门、不出自世家之恶人,是此神所判鞭罚。』」如是世尊所说。』
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā yamassa rañño paṭhamadevadūta samanuyuñjanā pakāsitā.
问曰:『尊者,世尊是如何表明阎王于初天使附近修习附和的缘故?』
Vissajjanā – tamenaṃ bhikkhave yamo rājā paṭhamaṃ devadūtaṃ samanuyuñjati samanugāhati samanubhāsati ‘‘ambho purisa na tvaṃ addasa manussesu paṭhamaṃ devadūtaṃ pātubhūta’’nti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā yamassa rañño paṭhamadevadūtasamanuyuñjanā pakāsitā.
答曰:『尊者,阎王王近身附和第一天使,跟随他,伴随他,对他说:「人啊,你曾见过人中第一天使显现乎?」如此类言,世尊便说明阎王王附和第一天使之事。』
‘‘Ambho purisa na tvaṃ addasa manussesu paṭhamaṃ devadūtaṃ pātubhūtaṃ’’.
「噫,人哪,你未曾见过在人间首度现身的天人使者。」
Dutiya devadūta第二天使
Pucchā – kathaṃ panāvuso tattha bhagavatā yamassa rañño dutiyadevadūta samanuyuñjanā pakāsitā.
询问说:大师,世尊在那里如何示现了为阎罗王所遣第二天人使者的形象?
Vissajjanā – tamenaṃ bhikkhave yamo rājā paṭhamaṃ devadūtaṃ samanuyuñjitvā samanugāhitvā samanubhāsitvā dutiyaṃ devadūtaṃ samanuyuñjati samanugāhati samanubhāsati ‘‘ambho purisa na tvaṃ addasa manussesu dutiyaṃ devadūtaṃ pātubhūta’’nti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā yamassa rañño dutiyā devadūtasamanuyuñjanā pakāsitā.
释疑说:比库们,阎罗王作为王者,在现出第一天人使者形象之后,随即、效仿、模仿该天人,又现出第二天人使者的形象,并效法、伴随、模仿他,说道『噫,人哪,你未曾在世界中见过第二天人使者显现』。如是这般,世尊在彼时现出阎罗王所遣第二天天人使者的形象。
‘‘Ambho purisa na tvaṃ addasa manussesu dutiya devadūtaṃ pātubhūtaṃ’’.
「噫,人哪,你未曾见过在人中第二天人使者现身。」
‘‘Ambho purisa na tvaṃ addasa manussesu itthīṃ vā purisaṃ vā ābādhikaṃ dukkhitaṃ bāḷhagilānaṃ sake muttakarīse palipannaṃ semānaṃ aññehi vuṭṭhāpiyamānaṃ aññehi saṃvesiyamānaṃ’’ –
「噫,人哪,你未曾见过在人中受病苦、痛苦缠绕的男子或女子,或痛恼严重、病入膏肓而陷于沉沦者,他们被他人唤起或唤醒,被他人接触。」
Tatiya devadūta第三天使
Pucchā – kathaṃ panāvuso tattha bhagavatā yamassa rañño tatiyadevadūta samanuyuñjanā pakāsitā.
询问说:大师,世尊在那里如何示现了为阎罗王所遣第三天人使者的形象?
Vissajjanā – tamenaṃ bhikkhave yamo rājā dutiyaṃ devadūtaṃ samanuyuñjitvā samanugāhitvā samanubhāsitvā tatiyaṃ devadūtaṃ samanuyuñjati samanugāhati samanubhāsati ‘‘ambho purisa natvaṃ manussesu tatiyaṃ devadūtaṃ pātubhūtanti’’ evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā yamassa rañño tatiyā devadūtasamanuyuñjanā pakāsitā.
分析 — 比库们,如是,业报之王阎罗引导第二名天神使,亲自率领、追随、声明,紧接着引导第三名天神使,以此方式,尊者世尊便启示了关于阎罗王引导第三名天神使的情况。
‘‘Ambho purisa na tvaṃ addasa manussesu tatiyaṃ devadūtaṃ pātubhūtaṃ’’.
“水人啊,你是否未曾在凡人中见过第三名天神使出现在眼前?”
‘‘Ambho purisa na tvaṃ addasa manussesu itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā ekāhamataṃ vā dvīhamataṃ vā tīhamataṃ vā uddhumātakaṃ vinīlakaṃ vipubbakajātaṃ’’ –
“水人啊,你是否未曾见过凡人中出现一名女性或一名男性,或是一同出现一名,二名,三名同性相伴者,性情凶恶、放荡不羁、好妒害,秽恶肮脏?”
‘‘Nāsakkhissaṃ bhante pamādassaṃ bhante’’ –
“我实难以忍受,尊者,因他人疏忽怠慢,难以宽恕。”
Pucchā – kathaṃ panāvuso tattha bhagavatā nerayikassa sattassa niraya dukkhapaṭisaṃvedanā pakāsitā.
问曰:“那么尊者,如何由此显现地狱中众生感受地狱之苦?”
Vissajjanā – tamenaṃ bhikkhave ‘‘yamo rājā tatiyaṃ devadūtaṃ samanuyuñjitvā samanugāhitvā samanubhāsitvā tuṇhī hoti. Tamenaṃ bhikkhave nirayapālā pañcavidhabandhanaṃ nāma kāraṇaṃ karonti, tattaṃ ayokhilaṃ hatthe gamenti, tattaṃ ayokhilaṃ dutiyasmiṃ hatthe gamenti, tattaṃ ayokhilaṃ pāde gamenti, tattaṃ ayokhilaṃ dutiyasmiṃ pāde gamenti, tattaṃ ayokhilaṃ majjheurasmiṃ gamenti. So tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedayati, na ca tāva kālaṃ karoti, yāva na taṃ pāpakammaṃ byantīhotī’’ti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā nerayikassa nirayadukkhapaṭisaṃvedanā pakāsitā.
分析 — 如是,比库们,阎罗王引导第三名天神使亲自率领、追随、声明后,独自寂静无声。此时地狱守护者发生名为五种束缚的因缘:一手紧握左膀,一手紧握右膀,一脚紧握左足,一脚紧握右足,腰间紧握中脉。受此限制,众生感受剧烈而粗燥苦涩的痛楚,不堪忍受,直到其恶业全部成熟消散为止。由此,尊者揭示地狱众生感受地狱苦难的真实显现。
Saṃvejanīyakathā悚惧谈
Pucchā – kathaṃ panāvuso tattha bhagavatā saṃvejanīyakathā kathitā.
问曰:大师,当时世尊在那里所说的感动人心的话语是怎样的呢?
Vissajjanā – bhūtapubbaṃ bhikkhave yamassa rañño etadahosi ‘‘ye kira bho loke pāpakāni kammāni karonti, te evarūpā vividhā kammakaraṇā karīyanti, ahovatāhaṃ manussattaṃ labheyyaṃ, tathāgato ca loke uppajjeyya arahaṃ sammāsambuddho’’ti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā saṃvejanīyakathā kathitā.
答曰:比库们,过去曾有一次,国王对世尊说:『世尊啊,那些世间作恶业的人,他们所做的恶业千差万别。何等条件下,我若在人间出生,如来应当也将在世间出现,成为阿拉汉、正遍知者。』大德由此,世尊在那里说出了感动人心的话语。
‘‘Ye kira bho loke pāpakāni kammāni karonti’’.
『那些世上作恶业的人啊』。
‘‘Coditā devadūtehi, ye pamajjanti māṇavā;
『受天神使者催促而懈怠的人类啊;
Te dīgharattaṃ socanti, hīnakāyūpagā narā.
这些人因身体衰弱而长期忧伤;身处微贱之身的人们。』
Ye ca kho devadūtehi, santo sappurisā idha;
『但那些因天神使者而心安理得的圣人,』
Coditā na pamajjanti, ariyadhamme kudācanaṃ.
『被激发者』者,绝不懈怠,『圣法』于任何时刻皆不松懈。
Upādāne bhayaṃ disvā, jātimaraṇasambhave;
因见取执而生惧怕,于生死轮回的发生中,
Anupādā vimuccanti, jātimaraṇasaṅkhaye.
无取执者则得解脱,于生死的灭尽中获自由。
Te appamattā sukhino, diṭṭhadhammābhinibbutā;
他们无有散逸,安乐自在,绝断所见法的执着;
Sabbaverabhayātītā, sabbadukkhaṃ upaccaguṃ’’ hu –
远离一切恐怖,超越一切恐怖,超越一切苦难,如彼所说。
Catumahārājasutta四大王经
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye tikanipāte devadūtavagge aṭṭhamaṃ catumahārājasuttaṃ kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
请问——尊者,世尊如何宣说阿含经、增支部、第八品『天使品』中第八、四大王经?
Vissajjanā – aṭṭhamaṃ bhante catumahārājasuttaṃ ‘‘aṭṭhamiyaṃ bhikkhave pakkhassa catunnaṃ mahārājānaṃ amaccā pārisajjā imaṃ lokaṃ anuvicaranti kacci bahū manussā manussesu matteyyā petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhapacāyino, uposathaṃ upavasanti paṭijāgaronti, puññāni karontī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
『放逸』,尊者,此为第四大帝王经第八节:“比库们,四大帝王的子孙们游行于世间,有很多人类间的凡夫,在婆罗门种姓中为长上家族,他们守持戒律,修习于八关斋戒,受持布施,行善德。”世尊即是这样教说的。
Appakā kho mārisā manussā manussesu matteyyā petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhapacāyino, uposathaṃ upavasanti paṭijāgaronti, puññāni karonti.
魔王所嫉妒者实为少数,凡夫中却有不少人,在婆罗门种姓长上家的家庭中,守持八关斋戒,受持布施,行善德。
‘‘Dibbā vata bho kāyā parihāyissanti, paripūrissanti asura kāyā’’ –
“诸天必以神力令其身躯圆满,阿修罗则反是令其身坏损。”
Bahū kho mārisā manussā manussesu matteyyā petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhapacāyino, uposathaṃ upavasanti paṭijāgaronti, puññāni karonti.
凡夫中确有不少人,在婆罗门种姓长上家的家庭中,守持八关斋戒,受持布施,行善德。
‘‘Dibbā vata bho kāyā paripūrissanti, parihāyissanti asura kāyā’’ –
“诸天必以神力令其身躯圆满,阿修罗则反是令其身坏损。”
Ādhipateyyāsutta主导经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso dasamaṃ ādhipateyyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
提问者问:“善友,世尊就第十任主者经是如何说法的?”
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante dasamaṃ ādhipateyyasuttaṃ ‘‘tīṇimāni bhikkhave ādhipateyyāni. Katamāni tīṇi, attādhipateyyaṃ lokādhipateyyaṃ dhammādhipateyyaṃ. Katamañca bhikkhave attādhipateyyaṃ, idha bhikkhave bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā iti paṭisañcikkhatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑 - 尊者,当时正如世尊所说,第十长部《主宰经》中说:『比库们,有三种主宰。哪三种呢?即自我主宰、世间主宰、法主宰。所谓自我主宰者,是指:此处比库或独处于森林,或栖止于树根,或居住于寂静之处,自觉知心而修持者。』世尊就这样开说。
Brāhmaṇavagga, paribbājakasutta婆罗门品,游方者经
Pucchā – brāhmaṇavagge āvuso catutthaṃ paribbājakasuttaṃ bhagavatā kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问:尊者,《婆罗门品》第四出家人经中,世尊从何处开始,讲述何事,何以为体?
Vissajjanā – brāhmaṇavagge bhante catutthaṃ paribbājakasuttaṃ aññataraṃ brāhmaṇa paribbājakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante brāhmaṇaparibbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sanniṭṭhiko dhammo sandiṭṭhiko dhammoti bho gotama vuccati, kittāvatānu kho bho gotama sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘ratto kho brāhmaṇa rāgena abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhaya byābādhāyapi ceteti, cetasikampi dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti, rāge pahīne nevattabyābādhāyapi ceteti, naparabyābādhāyapi ceteti, naubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti, nacetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedetī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑 - 《婆罗门品》中尊者,第四出家人经,是由某一婆罗门出家人开始论述。此婆罗门出家人对世尊说:『正法、如实见者,谓世尊如是称誉:“所住法如真实之法,眼见之法,世尊可亲近,速证入,现前法,应以智慧直接证悟。”』在此事由中,述及:『婆罗门因贪爱为心所覆,心转转不安,既自苦恼亦苦恼他,苦恼双方;心亦感受苦不乐;贪欲消失,则不为自己痛苦所困,不为他人痛苦所侵,不为二者痛苦所扰,心亦不感受苦乐。』世尊就这样开说。
Vacchagottasutta瓦差果德经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso sattamaṃ vacchagottasuttaṃ bhagavatā kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问:尊者,在此第七长部《犊子氏经》中,世尊从何处开始,讲述何事,何以为体?
Vissajjanā – sattamaṃ bhante vacchagottasuttaṃ vacchagottaṃ paribbājakaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Vacchagotto bhante paribbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ bho gotama samaṇo gotamo evamāha ‘‘mayhameva dānaṃ dātabbaṃ, nāññesaṃ dānaṃ dātabba. (Peyyāla) anabbhakkhā tukāmāhi mayaṃ bhavantaṃ gotama’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘ye te vaccha evamāhaṃsu samaṇo gotamo evamāha mayhameva dānaṃ dātabbaṃ, nāññesaṃ dātabba’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑 - 第七长部《犊子氏经》中,是由犊子氏出家人开始开说。犊子氏出家人对世尊说:『世尊,我闻世尊大师如此说:“唯应供养于我等法徒,不应供养他人。我们等无所阻挡之意愿,唯赞世尊。”』就此而言,说:『若有人如此称言:“世尊大师唯当供养于我等,不当供养于他。”“』世尊就这样开说。
Saṅgāravasutta桑嘎拉瓦经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso dasamaṃ saṅgāravasuttaṃ bhagavatā kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问:尊者,在此第十长部《缠著经》中,世尊从何处开始,讲述何事,何以为体?
Vissajjanā – dasamaṃ bhante saṅgāravasuttaṃ saṅgāravaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Saṅgāravo bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘mayamassu bho gotama brāhmaṇā nāma yaññaṃ yajāmapi yajāpemapi, tatra bho gotama yo ceva yajati yo ca yajāpeti, sabbe te anekasārīrikaṃ puññappaṭipadaṃ paṭipannā honti, yadidaṃ yaññādhikaraṇaṃ, yopanāyaṃ bho gotama yassa vā kulā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito ekamattānaṃ dameti, ekamattānaṃ sameti, ekamattānaṃ parinibbāpeti, evamassāyaṃ ekasārīrikaṃ puññappaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hoti, yadidaṃ pabbajjādhikaraṇa’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘tenahi brāhmaṇa taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi, yathā te khameyya, tathā naṃ byākareyyāsī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
「Vissajjanā——第十篇,尊者,此为《聚集因缘经》,以‘聚集’婆罗门为题所述。婆罗门聚集,世尊曾被如此告知:『弟子啊,若果德玛诸婆罗门中,有行祭祀礼仪之人,彼等所祭所奉者,皆得多样身体功德的成就。此即祭祀的根本,辅以恭敬,若某家族出家,即自离世俗,独自抑制,独自修习,独自证得涅槃,也获得一体功德利益,此即出家之根本。』于此缘故,尊者,我将亲自诘问那婆罗门,愿彼如实答复。」世尊以此语宣说。
‘‘Iccāyapi bho gotama evaṃ bhante anekasārīrikā puññappaṭipadā hoti’’ –
「问曰:『世尊,如是,亦有多样身体功德得成就者乎?』」
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso dutiya anusandhimhi bhagavatā kīdisī dhammadesanā desitā.
「答曰:『正如您所问,在第二缘起中,世尊所宣说的法义为何样呢?』」
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante dutiye anusandhimhi tividhā pāṭihāriyā paṭisaṃyuttā dhammadesanā bhagavatā desitā.
「Vissajjanā——尊者,在第二缘起中,世尊所说有三种奇妙功德相应的法义。此法义,世尊曾详细宣说。」
‘‘Seyyathāpi bhavaṃ gotamo bhavañcānando, ete me pujjā ete me pāsaṃsā’’ –
「譬如说:倘若我果德玛及我弟子阿难,这等众人对我敬重、称赞、赞叹。」
‘‘Seyyathāpi bhavaṃ gotamo bhavañcānando, ete me pujjā ete me pāsaṃsā’’ –
「譬如说:倘若我果德玛及我弟子阿难,这等众人对我敬重、称赞、赞叹。」
Mahāvagga, venāgapurasutta大品,韦那伽城经
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye tikanimāte mahāvagge tatiyaṃ venāgapurasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:尊者,世尊在《相应部》第三十节大藏经第三篇《维那迦波罗经》中,此经在哪里、从何处开始、论述何事?
Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante venāgapure nāma brāhmaṇānaṃ gāme venāgapurikaṃ vacchagottaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Venāgapuriko bhante vacchagotto brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘acchariyaṃ bho gotama, abbhutaṃ bho gotama, yāvañcidaṃ bhoto gotamassa vippasannāni indriyāni, parisuddho chavivaṇṇo pariyodāto (peyyāla) evarūpānaṃ nūna bhavaṃ gotamo uccāsayana mahāsayanānaṃ nikāmalābhī akicchalābhī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yāni kho pana tāni brāhmaṇa uccāsayana mahāsayanāni. Seyyathidaṃ, āsandi pallaṅko gonako cittako paṭikā paṭalikā tūlikā vikatikā uddalomī ekantalomī kaṭṭissaṃ koseyyaṃ kuṭṭakaṃ hatthattharaṃ assattharaṃ rathattharaṃ ajinappaveṇī kadalimigapavarapaccattharaṇaṃ sauttaracchadaṃ ubhatolohitakūpadhānaṃ. Dullabhāni tāni pabbajitānaṃ, laddhā ca pana nakappantī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,此经是在拘舍离国维那迦波罗城,婆罗门聚居的乡村中,针对名为维那迦波罗族婆罗门 Vacchagotta 而说。维那迦波罗婆罗门对世尊说:“果德玛,你真令人惊奇,真实不可思议,唯独你具足清净光明的六根,明净无染,好似洁净的袈裟,真实如是,世尊,你是无垢无染者,尊贵广坐,善于安休,庄严无瑕。”尊者,此处所指的是婆罗门的广大卧榻诸物,如厚实的床垫、软枕、靠垫、细篦、发梳、葫芦杯、刺槐木髹、子席、净水缸、芭蕉席、象皮席等。这些为出家者极其难得所得,但却为居士享用。”世尊亦据此如是说。
‘‘Acchariyaṃ bho gotama abbhutaṃ bho gotama’’.
“你果真令人惊奇,真实不可思议,果德玛。”
Dibba uccāsayanamahāsayana天界的高广大床座
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā dibbaṃ uccāsayanamahāsayanaṃ desitaṃ.
问曰:尊者,请问世尊如何在彼处教示神圣的广大卧榻?
Vissajjanā – idhāhaṃ brāhmaṇa yaṃ gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya viharāmi, so pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya tameva gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya pavisāmi, so pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto vanantaññeva pavisāmīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā dibbaṃ uccāsayanamahāsayanaṃ desitaṃ.
答曰:这里,我依托婆罗门的村落或都会,每晨起时,脱去袈裟,携受缨衣,即入村落或都市乞食,饭毕后从乞食中退下,独自入林,在此情境中世尊教示了神圣的广大卧榻。
Brahma uccāsayanamahāsayana梵天的高床大床
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā brahmaṃ uccāsayanamahāsayanaṃ desitaṃ.
问曰:尊者,请问世尊如何在彼处教示梵的广大卧榻?
Vissajjanā – idhāhaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ yaṃ gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya viharāmi, so pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya tameva gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya pavisāmīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā brahmauccāsayanamahāsayanaṃ desitaṃ.
释曰:在此,我于婆罗门村落或集市中依止安住,早晨时分安居后,取衣钵,便入是村落或集市乞食。以此顺序,世尊于此讲说了有关梵天高座大床的教法。
Katamaṃ pana taṃ bho gotama brahmauccāsayanamahāsayanaṃ.
问曰:世尊所说的梵天高座大床究竟为何?
Ariya uccāsayanamahāsayana圣者的高床大床
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā ariyaṃ uccāsayanamahāsayanaṃ desitaṃ.
问曰:大德,请问世尊在那里讲说了圣洁的高座大床经吗?
Vissajjanā – idhāhaṃ brāhmaṇa yaṃ gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya viharāmi, so pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya tameva gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā piṇḍāya pavisāmi. So pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapāta paṭikkanto vanantaññeva pavisāmīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā ariyaṃ uccāsayanamahāsayanaṃ desitaṃ.
释曰:在此,我于婆罗门村落或集市中依止安住,早晨时分安居后,取衣钵,便入是村落或集市乞食。午饭后乞食完毕,乃入林中。如此次第,世尊在此讲说了圣洁的高座大床教义。
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso mahāvagge pañcamaṃ kesamuttisuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:大德,在该部伟大经文中,第五章发发弃发结经,世尊在何处、何时、以何事起首,讲说了此经?
Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante kesamuttenāma kālāmānaṃ nigame kesamuttiye kālāme ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Kesamuttiyā bhante kālāmā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ ‘‘santi bhante eke samaṇa brāhmaṇā kesamuttaṃ āgacchanti, te sakaṃyeva vādaṃ dīpenti, jotenti, parappavādaṃ pana khuṃsenti vambhenti paribhavanti, omakkhiṃ karonti, aparepi bhante eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā kesamuttaṃ āgacchanti, tepi sakaṃyeva vādaṃ dīpenti jotenti, parappavādaṃ pana khuṃsenti vambhenti paribhavanti, omakkhiṃ karonti. Tesaṃ no bhante amhākaṃ hoteva kaṅkhā, hoti vicikicchā ko su nāma imesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ saccaṃ āha, ko musā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘alañhi vo kālāmā kaṅkhituṃ alaṃ vicikicchituṃ, kaṅkhīyeva pana vo ṭhāne vicikicchā uppannā’’ti eva mādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释曰:于迦兰陀国,有处名为发发弃,世尊在迦兰陀集市的发发弃时段开始讲说。发发弃时段,诸众对世尊言:“尊者,有些沙门婆罗门来此发发弃,他们彼此辩论论说明亮,彼此狂妄骂讪毁谤践踏,彼此目怒殴打。又有他些沙门婆罗门来此,彼亦辩论论说明亮,彼亦狂妄骂讪毁谤践踏,彼亦目怒殴打。彼等于我等中起疑虑,起怀疑,这些沙门婆罗门之说究竟是真或假?”世尊于此说:“迦兰陀人啊,你们无须怀疑,无须疑虑,须知疑虑乃在你等本身生起。”以此开示世尊讲说。
Uposatasutta伍波萨他经
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye tikanipāte mahāvagge dasamaṃ uposathasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:尊者,当此时代世尊——正自觉者,于《中部》三藏《增支部》第三品《大品》中,第十篇《优婆塞他经》何处开端,以何种方式说说法?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante visākhaṃ migāramātaraṃ ārabbha ‘‘tayo kho me visākhe uposathā. Katame tayo. Gopālakuposatho nigaṇṭhuposatho ariyuposatho’’ti evaṃ kho bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:在沙瓦提城,尊者,世尊以维萨迦为起首,即如是说:『维萨迦啊,我有三种优婆塞他。其三者为何?牧牛的优婆塞他、尼拘陀的优婆塞他以及圣者优婆塞他。』这便是世尊所诲。
Handa kuto nu tvaṃ visākhe āgacchasi divā divassa.
彼时,问曰:那末维萨迦,你日间何由而来的呢?
‘‘Tayo kho me visākhe uposathā. Katame tayo, gopālakuposatho nigaṇṭhuposatho ariyuposatho’’ –
答曰:『我有三种优婆塞他。其三者是:牧牛的优婆塞他、尼拘陀的优婆塞他以及圣者优婆塞他。』
Gopālakaupuggala牧牛者之人
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā gopālakuposatho pakāsito.
问曰:何以世尊说有牧牛的优婆塞他?
Vissajjanā – kathañca visākhe gopālakuposatho hoti, seyyathāpi visākhe gopālako sāyanhasamaye sāmikānaṃ gāvo niyyātetvā iti paṭisañcikkhati ‘‘ajja kho gāvo amukasmiñca amukasmiñca padese cariṃsu, amukasmiñca amukasmiñca padese pānīyāni piviṃsu.
答曰:牧牛的优婆塞他者,如此:牧牛者至傍晚时分,驱赶主人之牛,盘点思量曰,『今日牛群散布在何处何地,至何处饮水。』
Sve dāni gāvo amukasmiñca amukasmiñca padese carissanti, amukasmiñca amukasmiñca padese pānīyāni pivissantī’’ti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā gopālakuposatho pakāsito.
如今牛群将在某些地方行走,在某些地方饮水,如是等情况,尊者,由于世尊宣布了牧牛守戒。
Nigaṇṭhaupuggala尼干陀之人
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā nigaṇṭhuposatho pakāsito.
有人问:『尊者,世尊是如何宣布尼干陀守戒的?』
Vissajjanā – kathañca visākhe nigaṇṭhuposatho hoti, atthi visākhe nigaṇṭhānāma samaṇajātikā, te sāvakaṃ evaṃ samādapenti, ‘‘ehitvaṃ ambhopurisa ye puratthimāya disāya pāṇā paraṃ yojanasataṃ, tesu daṇḍaṃ nikkhipāhi, ye pacchimāya disāya. Ye uttarāya disāya. Ye dakkhiṇāya disāya pāṇā paraṃ yojanasataṃ, tesu daṇḍaṃ nikkhipāhī’’ti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā nigaṇṭhuposatho pakāsito.
作答:『在维萨迦月期间,尼干陀守戒是怎样?确有一种称为尼干陀的沙门弟子,他们以此教法制规劝诫弟子,说:“将牛群引到东方方向一百由旬之外,在那里插下柱桩;亦在西方、北方、南方一百由旬之外各设柱桩。”由此,尊者,世尊宣布了尼干陀守戒。』
Ehi tvaṃ ambho purisa.
“过去吧,牛群。”
Ehi tvaṃ ambho purisa sabbacelāni nikkhipitvā evaṃ vadehi.
“过去吧,牛群,将所有牛用绳索拴好后,如是说。”
Nāhaṃ kvacani kassaci kiñcanatasmiṃ, na ca mama kvacani katthaci kiñcana tatthi.
“我从未在某处拥有任何物品,也从未在任何处所做过任何事情。”
Ariyā uposatho圣者的伍波萨他
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā ariyuposatho vitthārena vibhajitvā pakāsito.
问曰——尊者,请问在那里,世尊如何详细地阐述圣戒?
Vissajjanā – kathañca visākhe ariyuposatho hoti, upakkiliṭṭhassa visākhe cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti. Kathañca visākhe upakkiliṭṭhassa cittassa upakkamena pariyodapanā hoti. Idha visākhe ariyasāvako tathāgataṃ anussarati ‘‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’’ti. Tassa tathāgataṃ anussarato cittaṃ pasīdati, pāmojjaṃ uppajjati, ye cittassa upakkilesā te pahīyantīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā ariyo uposatho vitthāretvā pakāsito.
答曰——譬如在维萨迦月间,如何为圣戒的污秽心清净而使圣戒成立。维萨迦月间,污秽的心通过净除而得到清净。此处有圣弟子在此观想如来,如是观想『世尊确为阿拉汉、正自觉者,具足智慧与行持,善逝,世间的智者,无上人师,是天人与人之佛,世尊』。以此而观如来,心生安乐,生欢喜,污心得净除。诸如此类,尊者,是世尊详细阐明圣戒的缘由与意义。
Pucchā – evaṃ upavutthassa pana āvuso ariyuposathassa kathaṃ mahapphalatā mahānisaṃsatā vuttā bhagavatā.
问曰——如此所问之尊者,请说尊者大果报、大欢喜是如何由世尊所说?
Vissajjanā – kīvamahapphalā hoti, kīvamahānisaṃso, kīvamahājutiko, kīvamahāvipphāro, seyyathāpi visākhe yo imesaṃ soḷasannaṃ mahājanapadānaṃ pahūtarattajanapadānaṃ issariyādhipaccaṃ rajjaṃ kāreyya, seyyathidaṃ ‘‘aṅgānaṃ magadhānaṃ kāsīnaṃ kosalānaṃ vajjīnaṃ mallānaṃ cetīnaṃ vaṅgānaṃ kurūnaṃ pañcālānaṃ macchānaṃ sūrasenānaṃ assakānaṃ avantīnaṃ gandhārānaṃ kambojānaṃ, aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatassa uposathassa etaṃ kalaṃ nāgghati soḷasi’’nti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā evaṃ upavutthassa ariyuposathassa mahapphalatā mahānisaṃsatā vuttā.
答曰——大果报为何物?大欢喜为何物?大坚固、大大破坏为何物?例如在维萨迦月间,有一位统御十六众多大国、多众人民的领主,宰治国土。如『这些国土:昂伽、摩揭陀、迦尸、萨拉、瓦集、摩罗、拘舍那、五部族(即五国)、摩呾、素罗森那、阿设迦、阿瓦提、犍陀罗、拘摩竭。拥有八种具足的圣戒,圣戒之日无人能违犯,守此圣戒』。诸如此类,尊者,是世尊说如是大果报、大欢喜。
Ānandavagga阿难品
Ājīvakasutta邪命外道经
Pucchā – aṅguttaranikāye āvuso tikanipāte ānandavagge dutiyaṃ ājīvakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰——《相应部·三品·阿难品》中,第二部《业经》在哪里?由谁开始?是什么内容?用何方法说法?
Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ ājīvakasāvakaṃ gahapatiṃ ārabbha āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante ājīvakasāvako gahapati āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kesaṃ no bhante ānanda dhammo svākkhāto, ke loke suppaṭipannā, ke loke sukatā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘tena hi gahapati taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi, yathā te khameyya, tathā naṃ byākareyyāsī’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ.
答曰——在拘萨弥国,有一位阿阇世信徒居士,由长老阿难尊者说法。此信徒问尊长阿难曰:『尊长阿难,何法为正说?谁在世间为善行?谁在世间为善根?』此经中此议题即由此居士如是问法:『既然如此居士必问问法意图,得自在解脱;如此阿难长老说法。
‘‘Kesaṃ no bhante ānanda dhammo svākkhāto, ke loke suppaṭipannā, ke loke sukatā’’.
『世尊,阿难,何为真正正法?何人为世间善行者?何人为世间善人?』
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi gahapati’’ –
『你以为如何,长者?』——
‘‘Iti kho gahapati tayāvetaṃ byākataṃ’’ –
『长者,此事已经阐明,』——
‘‘Abhikkantaṃ bhante, abhikkantaṃ bhante, seyyathāpi bhante nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya’’ –
『甚善,长者,甚善。譬如长者,譬若坠入泥淖而欲脱出之,』——
Gandhajātasutta香生经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso navamaṃ gandhajātasuttaṃ bhagavatā kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:尊者,当时世尊从何起首,在何题目中,以何种方式讲说了第九品香品经?
Vissajjanā – āyasmantaṃ bhante ānandaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘tīṇimāni bhante gandhajātāni, yesaṃ anuvātaṃyeva gandho gacchati no paṭivātaṃ…pe… atthi nu kho bhante kiñci gandhajātaṃ, yassa anuvātampi gandho gacchati paṭivātampi gandho gacchati, anuvātapaṭivātampi gandho gacchatī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘atthānanda kiñci gandhajātaṃ, yassa anuvātampi gandho gacchati, paṭivātampi gandho gacchati, anuvātapaṭivātampi gandho gacchatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:从尊者阿难处起始讲说。尊者阿难告诉世尊曰:『世尊,有三种香,其香气随风吹而行,而非逆风而行……那么,世尊,有没有某种香,其香气既随风吹亦逆风吹,更既随风吹又逆风吹呢?』对此题目,世尊说:『阿难,确有某种香,其香气既随风吹亦逆风吹,更既随风吹又逆风吹』,如此等语而讲之。
Na pupphagandho paṭivātameti;
非花香亦非逆风,
Na candanaṃ tagaramallikā vā;
亦非檀香或麝香,
Satañca gandho paṭivātameti;
虽有百种香气亦如逆风,
Sabbā disā sappuriso pavāyati;
诸方诸处,如人善风吹拂。
Gadrabhasutta驴经
Pucchā – samaṇavagge āvuso dutiyaṃ gadrabhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:在沙门品中,尊者,请问世尊如何说第二《驽骡经》?
Vissajjanā – samaṇavagge bhante dutiyaṃ gadrabhasuttaṃ ‘‘seyyathāpi bhikkhave gadrabho gogaṇaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandho hoti ‘ahampi dammo ahampi dammo’ti, tassa na tādiso vaṇṇo hoti seyyathāpi gunnaṃ, na tādiso saro hoti seyyathāpi gunnaṃ, na tādisaṃ padaṃ hoti seyyathāpi gunnaṃ, so gogaṇaṃyeva piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandho hoti ahampi dammo ahampi dammo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释曰:在沙门品中,尊者,第二《驽骡经》如是说——“譬如诸比库,驽骡背部相联着脊束,彼亦谓‘我即是驽骡,我即是驽骡’,然其色非是,声非是,脚步亦非是,仅仅背部相联着,彼亦谓‘我即是驽骡,我即是驽骡’”——世尊如是说。
Tasmātiha bhikkhave evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ.
由此,比库们,当如此加以修习。
‘‘Tibbo no chando bhavissati adhisīlasikkhāsamādāne…pe… adhipaññāsikkhāsamādāne’’ –
『贪欲必定强盛,若不修习持戒;若不修习定业;若不修习智慧业。』
Saṅkavāsutta疑经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso ekādasamaṃ saṅkavāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:尊者,此时世尊所说的十一品紧那含经,始自何处?于何因缘、以何内容开示?
Vissajjanā – kosalesu bhante saṅkavāyaṃ nāma kosalānaṃ nigame kassapagottaṃ nāma bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Kassapa gotto bhante bhikkhu bhagavati manopadūsitvā bhagavato santike accayaṃ accayato desesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘thero cepi kassapa bhikkhu na sikkhākāmo na sikkhāsamādānassa vaṇṇavādī. Ye caññe bhikkhū na sikkhākāmā, te ca na sikkhāya samādapeti, ye caññe bhikkhū sikkhākāmā tesañca na vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālenā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:在拘萨罗国,世尊在拘萨罗城中,于名为咖萨巴的比库所处之处,启示此经。咖萨巴比库以恶念染污于世尊心,于世尊面前,由始至终宣说。此经中云:『长老咖萨巴比库,非欲修习,亦非藏摄持戒说法之辩;又有他比库非欲修习法,亦非藏摄持戒;若有他比库欲修习,然不为辩说实义正法。』如是法,世尊所说。
Loṇakapallavagga盐叶品
Accāyikasutta急迫经
Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye tikanipāte loṇakapallavagge paṭhamaṃ accāyikasuttaṃ kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:尊者,于《增支部》《品类三分集》《盐粉品》中,如何说第一长老经?
Vissajjanā – loṇakapallavagge bhante paṭhamaṃ accāyikasuttaṃ ‘‘tīṇimāni bhikkhave kassakassa gahapatissa accāyikāni karaṇīyāni. Katamāni tīṇi, idha bhikkhave kassako gahapati sīghaṃ sīghaṃ khettaṃ sukaṭṭhaṃ karoti sumatikataṃ. Sīghaṃ sīghaṃ khettaṃ sukaṭṭhaṃ karitvā sumatikataṃ sīghaṃ sīghaṃ bījāni patiṭṭhāpeti. Sīghaṃ sīghaṃ bījāni patiṭṭhāpetvā sīghaṃ sīghaṃ udakaṃ abhinetipi apanetipi. Imāni kho bhikkhave tīṇi kassakassa gahapatissa accāyikāni karaṇīyāni’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:盐粉品中,第一长老经云:「比库们,农户咖萨卡当造三事。何等为三?此间农户咖萨卡,速速耕作良田,勤勤恳恳精细用心。勤耕良田已,勤勤播种精良果实。勤勤播种果实后,勤勤灌溉水源,勤勤引水至田。此三事,农户咖萨卡当行。」世尊如是说。
Sambodhavagga正觉品
Ruṇṇasutta哭泣经
Pucchā – sambodhavagge panāvuso pañcamaṃ ruṇṇasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰——在觉悟品中,尊者请示世尊如何说法第五段关于奔跑的经文。
Vissajjanā – sambodhavagge bhante pañcamaṃ ruṇṇasuttaṃ ‘‘ruṇṇamidaṃ bhikkhave ariyassa vinaye yadidaṃ gītaṃ, ummattakamidaṃ bhikkhave ariyassa vinaye yadidaṃ naccaṃ, komārakamidaṃ bhikkhave ariyassa vinaye yadidaṃ ativelaṃ dantavidaṃsakahasitaṃ. Tasmātiha bhikkhave setughāto gīte setughāto nacce, alaṃ vo dhammappamoditānaṃ sataṃ sitaṃ sitamattāyā’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰——在觉悟品中,世尊教诲说:『比库们,这奔跑,是圣者戒律中所歌颂的。它是狂乱的奔跑,是圣者戒中被禁止的舞蹈,是少儿玩耍般的过度戏谑的笑声。因此,比库们,歌唱中和舞蹈中有桥梁的破坏,这对法喜的人们而言,是令人厌恶的,此乃厌恶之法之极致。』世尊如此说道。
Arakkhīkasutta无守护经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso sattamaṃ arakkhitasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰——同处,尊者请示世尊第七节关于未加观察者的经文,世尊从何处何以方式开始说法?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante anātapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ ārabbha ‘‘citte gahapati arakkhite kāyakammampi arakkhitaṃ hoti, vacīkammampi. Manokammampi arakkhitaṃ hoti. Tassa arakkhitakāyakammantassa arakkhitavacīkammantassa arakkhitamanokammantassa kāyakammampi avassutaṃ hoti, vacīkammampi avassutaṃ hoti, manokammampi avassutaṃ hotī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰——世尊说:在舍卫城,居士给孤独长者开始说法曰,『居士,若心不受持守,身业亦不受持守,语业亦不受持守,心行为不被守护,则其身行为必受损害,语行为必受损害,心行为必受损害。』世尊由此开示说法。
Āpāyikavagga恶趣品
Apaṇṇakasutta无过失经
Pucchā – āpāyikavagge āvuso chaṭṭhaṃ apaṇṇakasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰——在恶趣品中,好友请问世尊第六段关于不善法的经文,世尊如何开示?
Vissajjanā – āpāyikavagge bhante chaṭṭhaṃ apaṇṇakasuttaṃ ‘‘tisso imā bhikkhave vipattiyo. Katamā tisso sīlavipatti, cittavipatti, diṭṭhivipatti. Katamā ca bhikkhave sīlavipatti, idha bhikkhave ekacco pāṇātipātī hoti…pe… samphappalāpī hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave sīlavipattī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰——在恶趣品中,世尊教示第六不善法经曰:『比库们,有三种危害。何为三种危害?是戒受损、心受损、见受损。戒受损是指:此处比库有人犯有杀生等戒律……以及杂秽恶语言辞,此即谓戒受损。』世尊如是教诲。
Kusināravagga拘尸那罗品
Kusinārasutta拘尸那罗经
Pucchā – kusināravagge panāvuso paṭhamaṃ kusinārasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:请问尊者,在拘尸那城节中,世尊从何处开始,如何说古尸那经的?
Vissajjanā – kusinārāyaṃ bhante baliharaṇe vanasaṇḍe sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘idha bhikkhave bhikkhu aññataraṃ gāmaṃ vā nigamaṃ vā upanissāya viharati, tamenaṃ gahapati vā gahapatiputto vā upasaṅkamitvā svātanāya bhattena nimantetī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,当时在拘尸那城,树林丰茂的巴利婆罗提樹林中,众多比库们开始说:“比库们,若有比库依止某乡村或市镇而住,地主或地主之子前来,用自家的饭食请托他。”如是,世尊即以此类说法开示。
Hatthakasutta哈他咖经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso pañcamaṃ hatthakasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kena saddhiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:同样尊者,请问世尊从何时何处,与何人一同开始、如何说第五篇象经?
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante hatthakena devaputtena saddhiṃ ‘‘ye te hatthaka dhammā pubbe manussabhūtassa pavattino ahesuṃ, apinu te te dhammā etarahi pavattino’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:在沙瓦提城,世尊与象王子同住,宣说:“你诸象王子们,过去已曾作人,这些象性为昔日人的业果,现在这些象性正在发生。”如是,世尊以此而说。
Anuruddhasutta阿努儒达经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso aṭṭhamaṃ anuruddhasuttaṃ kaṃ ārabbha kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:同样尊者,请问世尊从何处以何法说第八篇阿奴鲁达经?
Vissajjanā – aṭṭhamaṃ bhante anuruddhasuttaṃ āyasmantaṃ anuruddhattheraṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā ‘‘yaṃ kho te āvuso anuruddhaṃ evaṃ hoti ‘ahaṃ dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena sahassaṃ lokaṃ volokemī’ti, idaṃ te mānasmiṃ’’ti evamādinā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:第八篇阿奴鲁达经,自具寿长老阿奴鲁达起,具寿长老沙利迦作为法军长,以此语开示:“阿奴鲁达,你只是这样,‘我以神眼清净,超越凡眼,观看千世界。’此乃你心中之法。”世尊以此而说。
‘‘Sādhu vatāyasmā anuruddho ime tayo dhamme pahāya ime tayo dhamme amanasikaritvā amatāya dhātuyā cittaṃ upasaṃharatu’’ –
「善哉,具寿阿努儒达!当舍弃这三种法,勿使心意思惟这三种法,宜收摄心意于不灭根本。」
Kusināravagga拘尸那罗品
Paṭicchannasutta隐覆经
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye tikanipāte kusināravagge navamaṃ paṭicchannasuttaṃ kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:「尊者,请问世尊……在阿含经、增支部中,库西那罗卷,第九篇遮蔽经是如何说的?」
Vissajjanā – navamaṃ bhante paṭicchannasuttaṃ ‘‘tīṇimāni bhikkhave paṭicchannāni āvahanti no vivaṭāni. Katamāni tīṇi, mātugāmo bhikkhave paṭicchanno āvahati no vivaṭo, brāhmaṇānaṃ bhikkhave mantā paṭicchannā āvahanti no vivaṭā, micchādiṭṭhi bhikkhave paṭicchannā āvahati no vivaṭā. Imāni kho bhikkhave tīṇi paṭicchannāni āvahanti no vivaṭānī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:「尊者,第九篇遮蔽经中,世尊说:『比库们,三种遮蔽法缠绕着众生,非解除而是覆盖。何等三者?母行遮蔽缠绕,比库们,非解除;婆罗门众的思想遮蔽缠绕,比库们,非解除;邪见遮蔽缠绕,比库们,非解除。此三遮蔽,缠绕着众生,非解除。』世尊即这样说法。」
Lekhasutta刻痕经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso dasamaṃ lekhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:「正当时,具寿!请问世尊,第十篇卷轴经是如何说的?」
Vissajjanā – dasamaṃ bhante lekhasuttaṃ ‘‘tayome bhikkhave puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo, pāsāṇalekhūpamo puggalo pathavilekhūpamo puggalo udakalekhūpamo puggalo. Katamo ca bhikkhave pāsāṇa lekhūpamo puggalo, idha bhikkhave ekacco puggalo abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati, so ca khvassa kodho dīgharattaṃ anuseti. Seyyathāpi bhikkhave pāsāṇalekhā na khippaṃ lujjati vātena vā udakena vā, ciraṭṭhitikā hoti, evameva kho bhikkhave idhekacco puggalo abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati, so ca khvassa kodho dīgharattaṃ anuseti. Ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave pāsāṇalekhūpamo puggalo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:「尊者,第十篇卷轴经说:『比库们,此有三种人,圣者共存于世。何等三者?类似石画的人,类似地画的人,类似水画的人。何为类似石画的人?此有一些人,内心常怀恚怒,恚怒久远延续。譬如石画,不易因风或水而迅速消散,乃长久存留。诸比库,此有些人,内心常怀恚怒,并且恚怒久远延续者,谓之类似石画之人。』世尊即如此说法。」
Yodhājīvavagga战士品
Kesakambalasutta毛发毯经
Pucchā – yodhājīvavagge pana āvuso pañcamaṃ kesakambalasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:「尊者,在战士生活卷中,第五篇毛毡衣经,世尊是如何说的?」
Vissajjanā – yodhājīvavagge bhante pañcamaṃ kesakambalasuttaṃ ‘‘seyyathāpi bhikkhave yāni kānici tantāvutānaṃ vatthānaṃ, kesakambalo tesaṃ paṭikiṭṭho akkhāyati. Kesakambalo bhikkhave sīte sīto uṇhe uṇho dubbaṇṇo duggandho dukkhasamphasso. Evameva kho bhikkhave yānikānici puthusamaṇabrāhmaṇavādānaṃ, makkhalivādo tesaṃ paṭikiṭṭho akkhāyatīti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
『净弃法』——在战斗谋生一类中,尊者,讲述了第五篇《发髻衣经》说:“譬如,比库们,有诸多各样纺织而成的织物,其中发髻衣被称为粗糙粗陋。发髻衣,尊者比库们,夏天炎热、冬天寒冷,颜色不佳,气味难闻,接触极苦。比库们,如是,诸多婆罗门、沙门的说法,也被称作是粗陋难堪的邪见。诸如此类,世尊以此方式说法。”
Maṅgalavagga吉祥品
Vandanāsutta礼敬经
Pucchā – maṅgalavagge panāvuso navamaṃ vandanāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
『问』——在吉祥品中,善友,世尊怎样宣说第九篇《净敬经》?
Vissajjanā – maṅgalavagge bhante navamaṃ vandanāsuttaṃ ‘‘tisso imā bhikkhave vandanā. Katamā tisso, kāyena vācāya manasā. Imā kho bhikkhave tisso vandanā’’ti, evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
『净释』——在吉祥品中,尊者讲述了第九篇《净敬经》:“比库们,有三种敬礼。何为三?以身敬、以语敬、以意敬,是为三种敬礼。”尊者即如此宣说。
‘‘Tisso imā bhikkhave vandanā. Katamā tisso, kāyena vācāya manasā. Imā kho bhikkhave tisso vandanā’’.
“比库们,有三种敬礼。何为三?以身敬、以语敬、以意敬,是为三种敬礼。”
Pubbaṇhasutta清晨经
Pucchā – tattho āvuso dasamaṃ pubbaṇhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
『问』——善友,在那里,世尊怎样宣说第十篇《晨课经》?
Vissajjanā – dasamaṃ bhante pubbaṇhasuttaṃ ‘‘ye bhikkhave sattā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ kāyena sucaritaṃ caranti, vācāya sucaritaṃ caranti, manasā sucaritaṃ caranti. Supubbaṇho bhikkhave tesaṃ sattānaṃ. Ye bhikkhave sattā majjhanhikasamayaṃ…pe… sāyanhasamayaṃ kāyena sucaritaṃ caranti, vācāya sucaritaṃ caranti, manasā sucaritaṃ caranti. Susāyanho bhikkhave tesaṃ sattāna’’nti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
『净释』——第十篇《晨课经》尊者说:“比库们,众生于晨初时分,以身有善行、以语有善行、以心有善行而生活。对于这些众生,尊者称为‘晨初善人’。又比库们,众生于午时……傍晚时分,以身有善行、以语有善行、以心有善行而生活。对于这些众生,尊者称为‘傍晚善人’。”诸如此类,尊者如此宣说。
Sunakkhattaṃ sumaṅgalaṃ, suppabhātaṃ suhuṭṭhitaṃ;
清净吉祥,安稳恰当,
Sukhaṇo sumuhutto ca, suyiṭṭhaṃ brahmacārisu.
安乐适时,安居于出家人中。
Bhaṇḍagāmavagga盘德嘎马品
Anubuddhasutta随觉经
Pucchā – catukkanipāte pana āvuso bhaṇḍagāmavagge paṭhamaṃ anubuddhasuttaṃ bhagavatā sattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:『比库们,世尊在四集部中、婆阇迦村品第一经,即觉经,是从何而起?如何说?』
Vissajjanā – vajjīsu bhante bhaṇḍagāme sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘catunnaṃ bhikkhave dhammānaṃ ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva tumhākañca. Katamesaṃ catunnaṃ, ariyassa bhikkhave sīlassa ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva tumhākañca. Ariyassa bhikkhave samādhissa…. Ariyāya bhikkhave paññāya…. Ariyāya bhikkhave vimuttiyā ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva tumhākañcā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:『比库们,在婆阇迦村众多比库中,世尊开始说:『比库们,四法若不解,若无领会,正如这般长长中间相续,如我为你们说的。这四者为何?比库们,圣道中戒法若不解,若无领会,正如这般长长中间相续,如我为你们说的。比库们,圣道中定法……比库们,圣道中慧法……比库们,圣道中解脱法若不解,若无领会,正如这般长长中间相续,如我为你们说的。』世尊如此宣说。
Appassutasutta少闻经
Pu – tattheva āvuso chaṭṭhaṃ appassutasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
又问:『比库们,世尊如何说第六——不净法经?』
Vi – tattha bhante chaṭṭhaṃ appassutasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro, appassuto sutena anupapanno, appassuto sutena upapanno, bahussuto sutena anupapanno, bahussuto sutena upapanno’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:『比库们,世尊说第六不净法经时称说:『世界上现存四类人,比库们。所谓这四类,即是不净法所闻不随入者,不净法所闻随入者,广闻法所闻不随入者,广闻法所闻随入者。』世尊如此宣说。
Caravagga行品
Carasutta行经
Pu – caravagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ carasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
于放逸品中,尊者,请问世尊最初是如何宣说行经的?
Vi – caravagge bhante paṭhamaṃ carasuttaṃ ‘‘carato cepi bhikkhave bhikkhuno uppajjati kāmavitakko vā byāpādavitakko vā vihiṃsāvibhatto vā, taṃ ce bhikkhu adhivāseti nappajahati na vinodeti na byantīkaroti na anabhāvaṃ gametī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,于放逸品中,世尊如是宣说:『比库们啊,行者即便生起欲念、嗔恨念,或害心念等,如果比库能控制它,不放逸、不熄灭、不消散,也不生灭灭无则者,便是如此。』
Uruvelavagga伍儒韦喇品
Lokasutta世间经
Pu – tenāvuso…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye catukkanipāte uruvelavagge tatiyaṃ lokasuttaṃ kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
于不可思议品中,尊者请问正自觉者在增支部四分尼品中的乌鲁韦罗品第三级讲述世谛经是如何宣说的?
Vi – uruvelavagge bhante tatiyaṃ lokasuttaṃ ‘‘loko bhikkhave tathāgatena abhisambuddho, lokasmā tathāgato visaṃyutto, lokasamudayo bhikkhave tathāgatena abhisambuddho, lokasamudayo tathāgatassa pahīno, lokanirodho bhikkhave tathāgatena abhisambuddho lokanirodho tathāgatassa sacchikato, lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadā bhikkhave tathāgatena abhisambuddhā, lokanirodhagāmini paṭipadā tathāgatassa bhāvitā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,于乌鲁韦罗品中,世尊如是宣说:『比库们啊,世间由如来完全觉悟,世间因如来而断灭,世间的起因由如来觉知,世间的起因断除,世间的灭谛由如来所证,世间灭谛的道由如来所修,故此灭谛道由如来所成就。』
Danto damayataṃ seṭṭho,
驯服者为上,
Santo samayataṃ isi;
清净者为尊;
Mutto mocayataṃ aggo,
超越无碍,解脱先导,
Tiṇṇo tārayataṃ varo–
完成并超拔,卓然第一,
Sabbaṃ lokaṃ abhiññāya,
遍知世间诸法,
Sabbaṃ loke yathātathaṃ;
在世间中如实显现;
Sabbaṃ lokaṃ visaṃyutto,
脱离一切世间牵累,
Sabbaloke anūpayo.
在世间中无所依止。
Sa ve sabbābhibhū dhīro,
此人具足智慧、坚定不移,
Sabbaganthappamocano;
能断除一切烦恼缠绕;
Puṭṭha’ssa paramā santi,
他的最高安乐已显现,
Nibbānaṃ akuto bhayaṃ.
涅槃无量无畏。
Esa khīṇāsavo buddho,
此人为已断尽烦恼者佛,
Anīgho chinnasaṃsayo;
心无烦恼、疑虑皆断绝;
Sabbakammakkhayaṃ patto,
断尽一切业力,
Vimutto upadhisaṅkhaye;
解脱烦恼之结;
Esa so bhagavā buddho,
此即世尊觉者,
Esa sīho anuttaro;
此乃狮子无上;
Sadevakassa lokassa,
为诸天人及世间众生,
Brahmacakkaṃ pavattayī.
转动梵行圣轮。
Iti devā manussā ca,
诸天人众,
Ye buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā;
所有依止佛陀者;
Saṅgamma taṃ namassanti,
结集而来,恭敬礼拜,
Mahantaṃ vītasāradaṃ.
恭敬此伟大无障碍者。
Danto damayataṃ seṭṭho,
制伏欲念最为尊胜,
Santo samayataṃ isi;
清净调伏为胜王。
Mutto mocayataṃ aggo,
自在而解脱者为首,
Tiṇṇo tārayataṃ varo.
超越并引导者为尊,
Iti hetaṃ namassanti,
如此,众生敬礼,
Mahantaṃ vītasāradaṃ;
这伟大者,无所阻碍;
Sadevakasmiṃ lokasmiṃ,
在此世界上所有侍者,
Natthi me paṭipuggalo–
我无更胜之人。
Brahmacariyasutta梵行经
Pu – tattheva āvuso pañcamaṃ brahmacariyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普问:尊者,在此处尊者是如何说第五个关于梵行的经的?
Vi – pañcamaṃ bhante brahmacariyasuttaṃ ‘‘nayidaṃ bhikkhave brahmacariyaṃ vussati janakuhanatthaṃ, na janalapanatthaṃ, na lābhasakkārasilokānisaṃsuttaṃ , na itivādappamokkhānisaṃsatthaṃ, na ‘iti maṃ jano jānātū’ti. Atha kho idaṃ bhikkhave brahmacariyaṃ vussati saṃvaratthaṃ pahānatthaṃ virāgatthaṃ nirodhattha’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
师答:尊者说,『第五梵行经,诸比库,此梵行非为安养世人,不为取悦世人,也非为利禄、尊重、世故所引导,并非仅为宣说“世人当知如此”而设。此梵行乃是为自我制止、弃断、离欲及涅槃之缘故而修持』,世尊便如此开示。
Ariyavaṃsasutta圣种经
Pu – tattheva āvuso aṭṭhamaṃ ariyavaṃsasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普问:尊者,在此处尊者是如何说第八部圣传经的?
Vi – tattheva bhante aṭṭhamaṃ ariyavaṃsasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave ariyavaṃsā aggaññā rattaññā vaṃsaññā porāṇā, asaṃkiṇṇā asaṃkiṇṇapubbāna saṃkīyissanti, appaṭikuṭṭhā samaṇehi brāhmaṇehi viññūhi. Katame cattāro, idha bhikkhave bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti itarītarena cīvarena, itarītaracīvarasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī, na ca cīvarahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati, aladdhā ca cīvaraṃ na paritassati, laddhā ca cīvaraṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhopanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati, tāya ca pana itarītaracīvarasantuṭṭhiyā nevattānukkaṃseti no paraṃ vambheti. Yo hi tattha dakkho analaso sampajāno paṭissabho, ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave bhikkhu porāṇe aggaññe ariyavaṃse ṭhito’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
师答:尊者说,第八部圣传经云:『诸比库,世间有四种圣传,传承古老、无间断且不败坏者,是由沙门、婆罗门及智者维持。何为此四?诸比库,如有比库对此衣服心生满足,心乐不同衣,不因衣生邪见,不犯不正行为,不憎弃所获衣,不随意损坏衣,衣虽被污损、无蓄置、未熏香、无系缚,乃能及除一切艰难、以智慧而护持,并且对不同衣的满足不生嫉妒、不生欺瞒,则此比库称为古老圣传者,安住此法位』,如是世尊所说。
Cakkavagga轮品
Cakkasutta轮经
Pu – cakkavagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ cakkasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普问:尊者,关于「眼章」中,请问尊者是如何说第一眼经的?
Vi – cakkavagge bhante paṭhamaṃ cakkasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārimāni bhikkhave cakkāni, yehi samannāgatānaṃ devamanussānaṃ catucakkaṃ vattati, yehi samannāgatā devamanussā nacirasseva mahantattaṃ vepullattaṃ pāpuṇanti bhogesu. Katamāni cattāri, patirūpadesavāso sappurisāvassayo attasammāpaṇidhi pubbe ca katapuññatā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
师答:尊者说,眼章中第一眼经云:“诸比库,有四眼,此四眼是诸天人与人皆有的四重眼界,具此四眼者,即长久常住诸优良具足的福报。何等四?一者,威仪端正体相完备;二者,贤人所安居处;三者,自身正当所住之处;四者,前世所作功德。”世尊便如是开示。
Saṅgahasutta摄事经
Pu – tattheva āvuso dutiyaṃ saṅgahasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普问:尊者,请问世尊是如何说第二部集经的?
Vi – tattheva bhante dutiyaṃ saṅgahasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārimāni bhikkhave saṅgahavatthūni. Katamāni cattāri, dānaṃ peyyavajjaṃ atthacariyā samānattatā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗答:正如尊者所说,第二部集经中世尊言道:『比库们,集经中有四种所集之义。何等为四?布施、戒律护持及平等行。』世尊即是如此开示。
Sīhasutta狮子经
Pu – bhattheva āvuso tatiyaṃ sīhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普问:尊者,请问世尊是如何说第三狮子经的?
Vi – tattheva bhante tatiyaṃ sīhasuttaṃ ‘‘sīho bhikkhave migarājā sāyanusamayaṃ āsayā nikkhamati, āsayā nikkhamitvā vijambhati, vijambhitvā samantā catuddisā anuviloketi, samantā catuddisā anuviloketvā tikkhattuṃ sīhanādaṃ nadati, tikkhattuṃ sīhanādaṃ naditvā gocarāya pakkamatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗答:正如尊者所说,第三狮子经中世尊言道:『比库们,狮子乃群兽之王,傍晚时分离开栖处,离开后展开身躯,展开后环视四方,环视四方后雄厉发出三声狮吼,发声后即离去觅食。』世尊即是如此开示。
Doṇasutta度那经
Pu – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye catukkanipāte cakkavagge chaṭṭhaṃ doṇasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
普问:尊者,请问世尊在正觉者所说《相续部》种集《轮藏品》第六《多那经》从何处何义开示?
Vi – antarā ca bhante ukkaṭṭhaṃ antarā ca setabyaṃ doṇaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Doṇo bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘devo no bhavaṃ bhavissatī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘na kho ahaṃ brāhmaṇa devo bhavissāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗答:尊者,此经其间由篱邑至沙邑,开示一婆罗门名为多那。婆罗门对世尊言:『他日此生我将成天。』于此其义世尊言:『我非婆罗门,不当成天。』世尊即是如此开示。
‘‘Acchariyaṃ vata bho, abbhutaṃ vata bho, na vatimāni manussabhūtassa padāni bhavissanti’’.
「实在是奇异啊,实在是不可思议啊,凡夫之人绝不会有此等脚步。」
‘‘Devo no bhavaṃ bhavissati’’.
「天神必将有此福报。」
‘‘Na kho ahaṃ brāhmaṇa devo bhavissami’’.
「我这婆罗门绝不会成为天神。」
‘‘Gandhabbo no bhavaṃ bhavissati’’.
「乾闼婆必将获得此福报。」
‘‘Na kho ahaṃ brāhmaṇa gandhabbo bhavissāmi’’.
「我这婆罗门绝不会成为乾闼婆。」
Ujjayasutta伍迦亚经
Pu – tattheva āvuso navamaṃ ujjayasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普——友人,这正是世尊所说的第九上升经的内容。
Vi – navamaṃ bhante ujjayasuttaṃ ‘‘na kho ahaṃ brāhmaṇa sabbaṃ yaññaṃ vaṇṇemi, na panāhaṃ brāhmaṇa sabbaṃ yaññaṃ na vaṇṇemi. Yathārūpe kho brāhmaṇa yaññe gāvo haññanti, ajeḷakā haññanti, kukkuṭasūkarā haññanti, vividhā pāṇā saṅghātaṃ āpajjantī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
维尊者说:「世尊,弟子不赞叹所有婆罗门所行的牺牲仪式,亦不谴责所有婆罗门所行的牺牲仪式。因为在实相中,牺牲仪式中杀害牛、杀害羯羊、杀害鸡豚,及各种手足相加之生灵遭灾。」如是世尊宣说。
‘‘Bhavampi no gotamo yaññaṃ vaṇṇeti’’.
「甚至果德玛也不赞叹牺牲仪式。」
Rohitassavagga罗希德萨品
Samādhibhāvanāsutta定修习经
Pu – rohitassavagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ samādhibhāvanāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
与罗提尊者篇中,尊者曾如是向比库们讲说第一则关于禅定修习的经文。
Vi – rohitassavagge bhante paṭhamaṃ samādhibhāvanāsuttaṃ ‘‘catasso imā bhikkhave samādhibhāvanā, katamā catasso, atthi bhikkhave samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārāya saṃvattati, atthi bhikkhave samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā ñāṇadassanappaṭilābhāya saṃvattati, atthi bhikkhave samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā satisampajaññāya saṃvattati, atthi bhikkhave samādhibhāvanā bhāvitā bahulīkatā āsavānaṃ khayāya saṃvattatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
维罗提尊者篇中,世尊说:诸比库,禅定修习有四种,何等为四?禅定修习得以增长、广泛运用,遂成就持见法乐住;禅定修习得以增长、广泛运用,遂成就智慧见照授得;禅定修习得以增长、广泛运用,遂成就念觉察调伏;禅定修习得以增长、广泛运用,遂成就烦恼尽灭。如此世尊宣说。
Pañhabyākaraṇasutta问答经
Pu – tattheva āvuso dutiyaṃ pañhabyākaraṇasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
与罗提尊者篇中,尊者亦曾如是讲说第二则问答经。
Vi – tattheva bhante dutiyaṃ pañhabyākaraṇasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārimāni bhikkhave pañhabyākaraṇāni. Katamāni cattāri, atthi bhikkhave pañho ekaṃsabyākaraṇīyo, atthi bhikkhave pañho vibhajjabyākaraṇīyo, atthi bhikkhave pañho paṭipucchābyākaraṇīyo, atthi bhikkhave pañho ṭhapanīyo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
维罗提尊者说:世尊,第二问答经有四问,何等为四?有问总说者问,有问分析者问,有问复问者问,有问确立者问。如此世尊宣说。
Puññābhisandavagga福德流品
Paṭhamasaṃvāsasutta第一同住经
Pu – puññābhisandavagge pana āvuso tatiyaṃ saṃvāsasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:施福增上品中,请问尊者,世尊在何处开始说第三篇集会经,讲说了怎样的内容?
Vi – puññābhisandavagge bhante tatiyaṃ saṃvāsasuttaṃ antarā ca madhuraṃ antarā ca verañjaṃ sambahule gahapatayo ca gahapatāniyo ca ārabbha ‘‘cattārome gahapatayo saṃvāsā. Katame cattāro, chavo chavāya saddhiṃ saṃvasati, chavo deviyā saddhiṃ saṃvasati, devo chavāya saddhiṃ saṃvasati, devo deviyā saddhiṃ saṃvasatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:施福增上品中,尊者,第三篇集会经中间,世尊说了甘甜愉悦与苦恼恶劣之间的区别,开始论述诸长者与长者之妻之间的共处情况,言及四类长者相处:丈夫与妻和合相处,丈夫与妻相处,丈夫与天女相处,天神与妻和合相处,乃至诸如此类,如是世尊所说。
Paṭhamasamajīvīsutta第一同等生活经
Pu – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye catukkanipāte puññābhisandavagge pañcamaṃ samajīvisuttaṃ kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:尊者,请为说说由正觉觉悟者,在《相应部》中“四集篇”施福增上品中第五篇同居经,是如何说的?
Vi – pañcamaṃ bhante samajīvisuttaṃ ‘‘ākaṅkheyyuṃ ce gahapatayo ubho jānipatayo diṭṭhe ceva dhamme aññamaññaṃ passituṃ, abhisamparāyañca aññamaññaṃ passituṃ, ubhova assu samasaddhā samasīlā samacāgā samapaññā, te diṭṭhe ceva dhamme aññamaññaṃ passanti, abhisamparāyañca aññamaññaṃ passantī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,第五篇同居经言:“诸长者如果彼此同心同慧,彼此观察所见法,彼此相互亲近、勉励,具有同等信心、戒律、施舍与智慧,彼此彼此观察所见法,彼此相互亲近、勉励”,如是世尊所说。
Pattakammavagga应作之事品
Ānaṇyasukhasutta无债乐经
Pu – pattakammavagge pana āvuso dutiyaṃ ānaṇyasukhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:作业品中,请问尊者,世尊在何处开始讲第二篇无忧乐经,讲说了什么?
Vi – pattakammavagge bhante dutiyaṃ ānaṇyasukhasuttaṃ sāvatthiyaṃ anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ ārabbha ‘‘cattārimāni gahapati sukhāni adhigamanīyāni gihinā kāmabhoginā kālena kālaṃ samayena samayaṃ upādāya. Katamāni cattāri, atthisukhaṃ bhogasukhaṃ anaṇyasukhaṃ anavajjasukha’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:作业品中,第二篇无忧乐经,是世尊在舍卫城,对有施主阿难婆罗门讲:“有四种长者幸福应当获得,由家中享欲者时与时相应而得。其四者为何?一者是世间的快乐,二者是享受的快乐,三者是无忧的快乐,四者是无垢的快乐。”如是世尊所说。
Ānaṇyasukhaṃ ñatvāna, atho atthisukhaṃ paraṃ;
洞察非彼乐趣者,乃知真正的快乐;
Bhuñjaṃ bhogasukhaṃ macco, tato paññā vipassati;
人间享乐死者尝受,继而以智慧作内观;
Vipassamāno jānāti, ubho bhāge sumedhaso;
深入观察遂知晓,聪慧者二乐皆了然;
Anavajjasukhassetaṃ, kalaṃ nāgghati soḷasiṃ–
正乐无缺此时间,于十六夜不消逝;
Appaṇṇakavagga无误品
Sappurisasutta善士经
Pu – apaṇṇakavagge pana āvuso tatiyaṃ sappurisasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
关于《无过失品》中,在第三品《善人品》第三经里,世尊如何宣说此经。
Vi – apaṇṇakavagge bhante tatiyaṃ sappurisasuttaṃ ‘‘catūhi bhikkhave dhammehi samannāgato asappuriso veditabbo. Katamehi catūhi, idha bhikkhave asappuriso yo hoti parassa avaṇṇo taṃ apuṭṭhopi pātu karoti ko pana vādo puṭṭhassā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
《无过失品》中,世尊称:『比库们,应知具备四种品性的则为非善人。何为此四?比库们,非善人者,见他人恶时默然不护,谁还会言争?』世尊如是说。
Adhunāgatavadhukāsamena cetasā viharissāma’’ –
『如今当以欢喜明朗之心安住』,意谓当前应以欢悦开朗的心态生活。
Acinteyyasutta不可思议经
Pu – tattheva āvuso sattamaṃ acinteyyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
『尊者,世尊是如何说第七无思议经的?』此问请教世尊对第七无思议经的开示。
Vi – sattamaṃ bhante acinteyyasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārimāni bhikkhave acinteyyāni na cintetabbāni, yāni cintento ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assa. Katamāni cattāri, buddhānaṃ bhikkhave buddhavisayo acinteyyo na cintetabbo, yaṃ cintento ummādassa vighātassa bhāgī assā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:『尊者,世尊如此说第七无思议经:“比库们,有四种不可思议之事,不可思惟思议,因为思惟此等将成为疯狂烦恼的因缘。何者为四?佛弟子阿难,比库们,不可思议不可思惟者,佛境界不可思议不可思惟,应当不思惟,思惟必致疯狂烦恼。”诸如此类,世尊如此开示。
Macalavagga不动摇品
Tamotamasutta暗至暗经
Pu – macalavagge pana āvuso pañcamaṃ tamotamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
『尊者,世尊在振振部中第五陷阱经是如何说的?』此为请求说明振振部中第五陷阱经之原意。
Vi – macalavagge bhante pañcamaṃ tamotamasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro, tamotamaparāyaṇo, tamojotiparāyaṇo, jotitamaparāyaṇo, jotijotiparāyaṇo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:『尊者,世尊如此说振振部中第五陷阱经:“比库们,世间存在四类人安住:陷于黑暗者,归于黑暗之人;归于黑暗光明者;归于光明黑暗者;归于光明光明者。”诸如此类,世尊如此开示。
Asuravagga阿修罗品
Asurasutta阿修罗经
Pu – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena aṅguttaranikāye catukkanipāte asuravagge paṭhamaṃ asurasuttaṃ kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
『尊者,世尊于正觉梵志部第一天魔经中是如何开示的?』此为请教阿含经集中正觉佛陀如何述说天魔众的教法。
Vi – asuravagge bhante paṭhamaṃ asurasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro, asuro asuraparivāro, asuro devaparivāro, devo asuraparivāro, devo devaparivāro’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者维摩诘问曰:尊敬的比库们,在魔众品中,世尊所讲第一魔经说:“比库们,世间上当有四种人是安住且现有的。何等为四?是魔,是魔的随从,是魔之天众,是天众的魔随从,是天众,也是天众的随从”世尊如是说。
Samādhisutta定经
Pu – tattheva āvuso catutthaṃ samādhisuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者布提问曰:世尊,当时如何宣说第四禅经?
Vi – catutthaṃ bhante samādhisuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro, idha bhikkhave ekacco puggalo lābhī hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa na lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya. Idha pana bhikkhave puggalo lābhī hoti adhipaññādhammavipassanāya, na lābhī ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa. Idha pana bhikkhave ekacco puggalo na ceva lābhī hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, na ca lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya. Idha pana bhikkhave ekacco puggalo lābhī ceva hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, lābhī ca adhipaññādhammavipassanāyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者维摩诘答曰:尊敬的比库们,世尊所讲第四禅经云:“比库们,世间上有四种安住且现有的人。何等为四?在这里,有的比库获得内心的安静而未得卓越智慧的观察;又有的比库得卓越智慧的观察而未得内心的安静;还有的比库既未得内心的安静,也未得卓越智慧的观察;再者,有的比库既得内心的安静,也得卓越智慧的观察。”世尊如是宣说。
Rāgavinayasutta调伏贪经
Pu – tattheva āvuso chaṭṭhaṃ rāgavinayasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者布提问曰:世尊,当时如何宣说第六恼怒律经?
Vi – chaṭṭhaṃ bhante rāgavinayasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro, attahitāya paṭipanno no parahitāya, parahitāya paṭipanno no attahitāya, nevattahitāya paṭipanno no parahitāya, attahitāya ceva paṭipanno parahitāya cā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者维摩诘答曰:尊敬的比库们,世尊所讲第六恼怒律经云:“比库们,世间上有四种安住且现有的人。何等为四?为自己利益而修行,但非为利益他人;为他人利益而修行,但非为利益自己;既非为自己利益,也非为他人利益;既为自己利益,也为他人利益。”世尊如是宣说。
Valāhakavagga云品
Paṭhamavalāhakasutta第一云经
Pu – valāhakavagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ valāhakasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
尊者布提问曰:在阨落贺品,世尊第一阨落贺经从何地何时开始宣说?
Vi – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave valāhakā. Katame cattāro, gajjitā no vassitā, vassitā no gajjitā, neva gajjitā no vassitā, gajjitā ca vassitā ca. Ime kho bhikkhave cattāro valāhakā. Evameva kho bhikkhave cattāro valāhakūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjāmānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro, gajjitā no vassitā, vassitā no gajjitā, neva gajjitā no vassitā, gajjitā ca vassitā cā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗-尊者,在沙瓦提众多比库集会时开启说法:「四种,众比库,称为雨季。何为四?为有雨非雷,有雷非雨,非雷非雨,既有雷又有雨。此四者,即是雨季。正如世尊所说,世间现存有四种如雨季之人。何为四?有雷非雨,有雨非雷,非雷非雨,既有雷亦有雨。」如是,如是,世尊云。
Udakarahadasutta水池经
Pu – tattheva āvuso catutthaṃ udakarahadasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
蒲-正如所言,善知识,世尊如何讲说第四部《水与雷之经》?
Vi – catuttha bhante udakarahadasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave udakarahadā. Katame cattāro, uttāno gambhīrobhāso, gambhīro uttānobhāso, uttāno uttānobhāso, gambhīro gambhīrobhāso, ime kho bhikkhave cattāro udakarahadā. Evameva kho bhikkhave cattāro udakarahadūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro, uttāno gambhīrobhāso, gambhīro uttānobhāso, uttāno uttānobhāso, gambhīro gambhīrobhāso’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗-尊者,第四部《水与雷之经》云:「四种,众比库,称为水与雷。何为四?雷上有雨,雨上有雷,雨上有雨,雷上有雷。此四者,即是水与雷。正如世尊所说,世间现存有四种如水与雷之人。何为四?雷上有雨,雨上有雷,雨上有雨,雷上有雷。」如是,如是,世尊云。
Mūsikasutta鼠经
Pu – tattheva āvuso sattamaṃ mūsikasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
蒲-善知识,世尊如何讲说第七部《鼠经》?
Vi – sattamaṃ bhante mūsikasuttaṃ ‘‘catasso imā bhikkhave mūsikā. Katamā catasso, gādhaṃ kattā no vasitā, vasitā no gādhaṃ kattā, neva gādhaṃ kattā no vasitā, gādhaṃ kattā ca vasitā ca. Imā kho bhikkhave catasso mūsikā. Evameva kho bhikkhave cattāro mūsikūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro, gādhaṃ kattā no vasitā, vasitā no gādhaṃ kattā, neva gādhaṃ kattā no vasitā, gādhaṃ kattā ca vasitā cā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗-尊者,第七部《鼠经》云:「此四,尊者,乃鼠类。何为四?喜好争斗非居止,居止非喜好争斗,非争斗非居止,既争斗亦居止。此四者,乃鼠类。正如世尊所说,世间现存有四种如鼠之人。何为四?喜好争斗非居止,居止非喜好争斗,非争斗非居止,既争斗亦居止。」如是,如是,世尊云。
Balībaddhasutta《系缚公牛经》
Pu – saṃgītāpi āvuso aṅguttaranikāyato kānici suttāni uddharitvā paṭipucchissāmi bahujanassa sutavuḍḍhiyā. Saṃgīte āvuso aṅguttaranikāye catukkanipāte valāhakavagge aṭṭhamaṃ balībaddhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
蒲-尊者,我亦当从增益大众闻法之故,引举《增支部》若干经文问询。请问在《增支部》四分法品雨季章中,第八部《强固绳缚经》,世尊如何说法?
Vi – valāhakavagge bhante aṭṭhamaṃ balībaddhasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave balībaddhā. Katame cattāro, sagavacaṇḍo no paragavacaṇḍo, paragavacaṇḍo no sagavacaṇḍo, sagavacaṇḍo ca paragavacaṇḍo ca, neva sagavacaṇḍo no paragavacaṇḍo. Ime kho bhikkhave cattāro balībaddhā. Evameva kho bhikkhave cattāro balībaddhūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
在《风雨品》中,尊者,所讲第八经为《四种强暴经》:「比库们,强暴者有四种。何等为四?一者是‘同族强暴’,非‘异族强暴’;一者是‘异族强暴’,非‘同族强暴’;一者是‘同族强暴与异族强暴俱有’;一者是‘非同族强暴亦非异族强暴’。比库们,这四种皆为强暴者。比库们,实有四种强暴者,这样的四强暴者在世间与人交往时生起。」世尊如是说。
Kesisutta《凯西经》
Pu – kesivagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ kesisuttaṃ bhagavatā kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
在《发王须品》中,尊者,提到《须》品第一经,《须王经》的开端,介绍了帝释于何事何处讲说以及讲说方式。
Vi – kesiṃ bhante assadammasārathiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Kesi bhante assadammasārathi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘bhagavā pana bhante anuttaro purisadammasārathi, kathaṃ pana bhante bhagavā purisadammaṃ vinetī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘ahaṃ kho kesi purisadammaṃ saṇhenapi vinemi, pharusenapi vinemi, saṇhapharusenapi vinemi. Tatridaṃ kesi saṇhasmiṃ – iti kāyasucaritaṃ iti kāyasucaritassa vipāko, iti vacīsucaritaṃ iti vacīsucaritassa vipāko, iti manosucaritaṃ iti manosucaritassa vipāko, iti devā iti manussā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,世尊于《须王经》中称须王为猛虎车夫。尊者问:「世尊,须王为猛虎车夫,世尊又云世尊为无上正人车夫,那么世尊如何遣责正人呢?」于此事,世尊说:「我对须王即使严厉,也能善遣责;既用严厉言语,也用平和言语,严厉和和平两俱用谤斥。须王对严厉的表现者,身体行为受后报,语言行为受后报,意念行为受后报。此乃诸天与人皆所知。」世尊如此说。
‘‘Tvaṃ khosi kesi paññāto assadammasārathīti, kathaṃ pana tvaṃ kesi assadammasārathi’’ –
「你是被称为猛虎车夫,如何你竟是猛虎车夫?」
‘‘Ahaṃ kho bhante assadammaṃ saṇhenapi vinemi, pharusenapi vinemi, saṇhapharusenapi vinemi’’ –
「尊者,我对猛虎即使严厉,也能善遣责;用粗言恶语,也能善遣责,严厉及粗言恶语两俱用。」
‘‘Sace te kesi assadammo saṇhena vinayaṃ na upeti, pharusena vinayaṃ na upeti, saṇhapharusena vinayaṃ na upeti, kinti naṃ karosi’’ –
「若是你对猛虎的严厉言辞不能使其服从,粗言恶语也使其不服从,则你将作何处置?」
‘‘Bhagavā pana bhante anuttaro purisadammasārathi, kathaṃ pana bhante bhagavā purisadammaṃ vineti’’ –
世尊啊,您是无上正人导师,那么世尊如何教化正法,于世人导引?
Na 0.0087 kho bhante bhagavato pāṇātipāto kappati, atha ca pana bhagavā evamāha ‘‘hanāmi naṃ kesī’’ti.
尊者,我说世尊绝不曾造作杀生业,然而世尊却说『我不杀戮』。
Attānuvādasutta《自责经》
Pu – bhayavagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ attānuvādasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
于《自现经》中,尊者,世尊如何说首篇关于自现的经文?
Vi – bhayavagge bhante paṭhamaṃ attānuvādasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārimāni bhikkhave bhayāni. Katamāni cattāri, attānuvādabhayaṃ parānuvādabhayaṃ daṇḍabhayaṃ duggatibhaya’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,于《自现经》首篇世尊说:『五欲比库们,四种恐怖。何为这四?自现恐怖、他现恐怖、刑罚恐怖、恶趣恐怖』,诸如此类世尊如是说。
Dhammakathikasutta《说法者经》
Pu – idāni āvuso bahujanassa sutavuḍḍhiyā saṃgītā aṅguttaranikāyatopi kānici suttāni uddharitvā paṭipucchissāmi, saṃgīte āvuso aṅguttaranikāye catukkanipāte puggalavagge navamaṃ dhammakathikasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
现在,尊者,由于大众增多,且有人在经藏中演唱,我将引出《增支部》及若干经文,询问这些经文。于《增支部·四分集》中,第九经,名曰《法说经》,世尊如何说?
Vi – puggalavagge bhante navamaṃ dhammakathikasuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave dhammakathikā. Katame cattāro, idha bhikkhave ekacco dhammakathiko appañca bhāsati asahitañca, parisā cassa na kusalā hoti sahitāsahitassa. Evarūpo bhikkhave dhammakathiko evarūpāya parisāya dhammakathikotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者,于《增支部·四分集》第九经《法说经》说:『比库们,有四种说法者。何为四?此中有些比库法说者少说且不和谐,其群体不得善,不和谐者共处。如此法说者,随彼群体即成丧失法说资格』,诸如此类世尊如是说。
Rogasutta《病经》
Pu – indriyavagge pana āvuso sattamaṃ rogasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
梵文律藏卷中,尊者请问,第七处章节中,世尊如何宣说疾病经?
Vi – sattamaṃ bhante rogasuttaṃ ‘‘dveme bhikkhave rogā. Katame dve, kāyiko ca rogo, cetasiko ca rogo. Dissanti bhikkhave sattā kāyikena rogena ekampi vassaṃ ārogyaṃ paṭijānamānā dvepi vassāni tīṇipi vassāni cattāripi vassāni pañcapi vassāni dasapi vassāni vīsampi vassāni tiṃsampi vassāni cattārīsampi vassāni paññāsampi vassāni ārogyaṃ paṭijānamānā vassasatampi bhiyyopi ārogyaṃ paṭijānamānā. Te bhikkhave sattā sudullabhā lokasmiṃ, ye cetasikena rogena muhuttampi ārogyaṃ paṭijānanti aññatra khīṇāsavehī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答复:尊者,第七处疾病经中,世尊说,『比库们,有两种疾病。何为这两种呢?一是身的疾病,一是心的疾病。诸众生中,比库们,虽然因身病有时放弃一年的健康,有时放弃二年、三年、四年、五年、十年、二十年、三十年、四十年、五十年以上的健康,即使放弃百年健康,仍能获得健康。这些众生在世间极难得,是因心得疾病,片刻也获得不到健康,唯有除尽漏者方得健康。』世尊即如是宣说。
Cattārome 0.0096 bhikkhave pabbajitassa rogā.
四种疾病,即比库所染的四种疾病。
Yuganaddhasutta《双连经》
Pu – paṭipadāvagge āvuso dasamaṃ yuganaddhasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
梵文律藏卷中尊者请问,第十处修行章中,疏论从何时何由而起,世尊如何宣说?
Vi – kosambiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘yo hi koci āvuso bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā mama santike arahattappattiṃ byākaroti, sabbo so catūhi maggehi etesaṃ vā aññatarenā’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ.
答复:尊者,在国桑比,有许多比库开始修行时,赞叹说『若有人比库或比库尼,于我面前宣说阿拉汉果的成就,悉皆四种道中或他一法』,如是,尊者由长老阿难尊者与法藏师宣说此文。
Pāṭibhogasutta担保经
Pu – brāhmaṇavagge pana āvuso dutiyaṃ pāṭibhogasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
梵文律藏卷中尊者请问,婆罗门章中,第二处饮食具足经,世尊如何宣说?
Vi – brāhmaṇavagge bhante dutiyaṃ pāṭibhogasuttaṃ ‘‘catunnaṃ bhikkhave dhammānaṃ natthi koci pāṭibhogo samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro vā brahmā vā koci vā lokasmi’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
闻说:在婆罗门品中,尊者,第二个有关证据的经称为『四种法中,没有任何证据能同等适用于比库、婆罗门、天人、魔、梵天或其他任何世间存有』,即如是,世尊如此说。
Sutasutta所闻经
Pu – tattheva āvuso tatiyaṃ sutasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:当时尊者,第三个听闻经,是世尊在哪儿、从什么处着手、就何事以何方式说法的?
Vi – rājagahe bhante vassakāraṃ brāhmaṇaṃ magadhamahāmattaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Vassakāro bhante brāhmaṇo magadhamahāmatto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ahañhi bho gotama evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi yo koci diṭṭhaṃ bhāsati ‘evaṃ me diṭṭha’nti, natthi tato doso. Yo koci sutaṃ bhāsati ‘evaṃ me suta’nti, natthi tato doso’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘nāhaṃ brāhmaṇa sabbaṃ diṭṭhaṃ ‘bhāsitabba’nti vadāmi, na panāhaṃ brāhmaṇa sabbaṃ diṭṭhaṃ ‘na bhāsitabba’nti vadāmi, nāhaṃ brāhmaṇa sabbaṃ sutaṃ ‘bhāsitabba’nti vadāmi, na panāhaṃ brāhmaṇa sabbaṃ sutaṃ ‘na bhāsitabba’nti vadāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,世尊在王舍城对年长的婆罗门、摩揭陀大富长老说法。该婆罗门谛听后对世尊言:‘我所见所知,果德玛正如所说,若有人说“我见如是”,则无过失;若有人说“我闻如是”,亦无过失。’关于此事,该婆罗门声明:‘我不说婆罗门应当说所有所见之事;但我亦不说婆罗门应当说不可说之见;我不说婆罗门应当说所有所闻之事;亦不说婆罗门应当说不可说之闻。’世尊亦如是说。
Abhayasutta无畏经
Pu – aṅguttaranikāye āvuso catukkanipāte brāhmaṇavagge catutthaṃ abhayasuttaṃ bhagavatā kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:阿含部编纂的数集经中,婆罗门品第四个无畏经,世尊是从何处出发、对何事以何方式说法的?
Vi – brāhmaṇavagge bhante catutthaṃ abhayasuttaṃ jāṇussoṇiṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Jāṇussoṇi bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘natthi yo maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘atthi brāhmaṇa maraṇadhammo samāno bhāyati, santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassa. Atthi pana brāhmaṇa maraṇadhammo samāno na bhāyati, na santāsaṃ āpajjati maraṇassā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,无畏经第四段中,世尊从婆罗门贾那苏那处开始说法。该婆罗门对世尊言:‘没有人在临终时感到恐惧,也无迎来痛苦。’世尊对此说:‘婆罗门,有人在临终时感到恐惧,迎来痛苦;但又有人临终时不感恐惧,也不迎来痛苦。’世尊如是说。
Sotānugatasutta随耳所闻经
Pu – mahāvagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ sotānugatasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:在长部中,大品第一段随顺听法经,世尊是如何说法的?
Vi – mahāvagge bhante paṭhamaṃ sotānugatasuttaṃ ‘‘sotānugatānaṃ bhikkhave dhammānaṃ vacasā paricitānaṃ manasānupekkhitānaṃ diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhānaṃ cattāro ānisaṃsā pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗——在大品中,尊者!最初讲述了随顺闻法的经,“比库们,随顺闻法者,是熟知法之语句、心忆如法者,且见解正确而切分明白者,四重因缘所期者。”以上乃世尊如此开示。
Ayaṃ vā so dhammavinayo, yatthāhaṃ pubbe brahmacariyaṃ acariṃ.
此即为法与律,即我昔日所修习的梵行。
Bhaddiyasutta跋提耶经
Pu – aṅguttaranikāye āvuso catukkanipāte mahāvagge tatiyaṃ bhaddiyasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
普——在增支部,尊侄!友伴部,四集品,大品中第三本,尊者世尊讲述了尊严经,说明了经文所起始的处所、主题及其说法。
Vi – vesāliyaṃ bhante bhaddiyaṃ licchavi ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Bhaddiyo bhante licchavi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ bhante ‘māyāvī samaṇo gotamo āvaṭṭaniṃ māyaṃ jānāti, yāya aññatitthiyānaṃ sāvake āvaṭṭetī’ti. Ye te bhante evamāhaṃsu ‘māyāvī samaṇo gotamo āvaṭṭaniṃ māyaṃ jānāti, yāya aññatitthiyānaṃ sāvake āvaṭṭetī’ti…pe… anabbhakkhātukāmā hi mayaṃ bhante bhagavanta’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘etha tumhe bhaddiya mā anussavena mā paramparāya mā itikirāya mā piṭakasampadānena mā takkahetu mā nayahetu mā ākāravitakkena mā diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā mā bhabbarūpatāya mā samaṇo no garūti. Yadā tumhe bhaddiya attanāva jāneyyātha ‘ime dhammā akusalā, ime dhammā sāvajjā, ime dhammā viññū garahitā, ime dhammā samattā samādinnā ahitāya dukkhāya saṃvattantī’ti. Atha tumhe bhaddiya pajaheyyāthā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗——在舍卫城,尊者!尊严住在氏族中开始说法。尊严对舍卫氏族说道:“尊者,这个‘幻术师沙门果德玛识知沉迷幻术,使得他人信仰邪道’的传闻,众人皆如是说……其实,我们不愿意也不能侵犯世尊。”于此问题上,尊者告诫舍卫氏族:“舍卫氏族!汝等不可因传闻、传统、世系、经藏知识、推理缘由、说法方式、见解偏好或副本之说,断定沙门非尊者。当你们自己明了:‘此等法不善、不正道、被智慧者明断,已圆满且专注,乃生苦害之法’时,尔等应舍弃。”这乃世尊如是开示。
Pu – imissā ca pana āvuso desanāya desitāya bhaddiyassa licchavissa kīdiso dhammasavanānisaṃso adhigato. Kathañca naṃ bhagavā anuyuñjitvā taṃ vacanaṃ viniveṭhesi.
普——尊者!关于此部分,为何舍卫氏族对所闻法心得到证实?世尊又如何依此语令调伏其心?
Vi – imissā bhante dhammadesanāya desitāya bhaddiyassa licchavissa sotāpattiphalasaṅkhāto dhammasavanānisaṃso adhigato. Api nu tāhaṃ bhaddiya evaṃ avacaṃ ‘‘ehi me tvaṃ bhaddiya sāvako hohi, ahaṃ satthā bhavissāmī’’ti evamādinā ca naṃ bhante bhagavā paṭipucchitvā anuyuñjitvā taṃ vacanaṃ viniveṭhesi.
毗——尊者!舍卫氏族对尊严所讲法得了初果证的法闻之依止。尊者!舍卫氏族对尊严言:“与我同在舍卫,愿为弟子,我当为师长”时,世尊依此言调伏其心。
Mallikādevīsutta玛丽嘉王后经
Pu – tattheva āvuso sattamaṃ mallikādevīsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
普:阿阇世,世尊在那里、对于第七个《玛丽嘉德维经》,是从何处、以何事为始、以何内容而说?
Vi – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante mallikādeviṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Mallikā bhante devī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ko nu kho bhante hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacco mātugāmo dubbaṇṇā ca hoti durūpā supāpikā dassanāya, daliddā ca hoti appassakā appabhogā appesakkhā ca…pe… ko pana bhante hetu ko paccayo, yena midhekacco mātugāmo abhirūpā ca hoti dassanīyā pāsādikā paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgatā, aḍḍhā ca hoti mahaddhanā mahābhogā mahesakkhā cā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘idha mallike mātugāmo kodhanā hoti upāyāsabahulā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗:尊者,这段说法是世尊在舍卫城,从玛丽嘉德维女神开始讲述的。玛丽嘉德维女神对世尊说:“世尊啊,为何原因,为何条件,使得有些妇女婚嫁后身形丑陋,容貌恶劣,行为坏恶,不易见闻,贫穷难视,不善享用,难以亲近……又为何原因,为何条件,使得有些妇女婚嫁后身形美好,容貌可见,令人悦目,具备最极美丽的色相光彩,且拥有大量财富,富饶盛大,拥有极强势力呢?”世尊在此经中即以“这里的玛丽嘉妇女愤怒多疑”为由起初展开说法。
Dasakammasutta十业经
Pu – aṅguttaranikāye āvuso catukkanipāte sappurisavagge catutthaṃ dasakammasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普:在《增支部》中,阿阇世,关于《善人品》第四品第四十经,世尊是如何说法的?
Vi – sappurisavagge bhante catutthaṃ dasakammasuttaṃ ‘‘asappurisañca vo bhikkhave desessāmi asappurisena asappurisatarañca sappurisañca sappurisena sappurisatarañca, taṃ suṇātha sādhukaṃ manasi karothā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗:尊者,世尊如此说法:在《善人品》中第四十经里说『比库们,我将为你们说比不上善人的人和比不上善人者之上的善人,听闻此法应当欢喜于心』。世尊以此法语开示。
Parisāsutta众经
Pu – tattheva āvuso parisāvagge paṭhamaṃ parisāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普:阿阇世,在《众会品》中,关于第一品第一经,世尊如何说法?
Vi – parisāvagge bhante paṭhamaṃ parisāsuttaṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave parisadūsanā. Katame cattāro, bhikkhu bhikkhave dussīlo pāpadhammo parisadūsano, bhikkhunī bhikkhave dussīlā pāpadhammā parisadūsanā, upāsako bhikkhave dussīlo pāpadhammo parisadūsano, upāsikā bhikkhave dussīlā pāpadhammā parisadūsanā. Ime kho bhikkhave cattāro parisadūsanā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗:尊者,在《众会品》中,世尊说第一品第一经:『比库们,众会中有四种败坏。哪四种呢?比库中有不善行、不善法而败坏众会,比库尼中有不善行、不善法而败坏众会,居士男中有不善行、不善法而败坏众会,居士女中有不善行、不善法而败坏众会。这四众是众会败坏之因』。世尊以此语开示。
Sekhabalavagga有学力品
Saṃkhittasutta略经
Pu – pañcakanipāte pana āvuso paṭhame sekhabalavagge paṭhamaṃ saṃkhittasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:第五部集里的第一分教行品中,世尊作了简略经文,述说了什么题目,起于何处,以及怎样宣说的?
Vi – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘pañcimāni bhikkhave sekhabalāni. Katamāni pañca, saddhābalaṃ hirībalaṃ ottappabalaṃ vīriyabalaṃ paññābalaṃ. Imāni kho bhikkhave pañca sekhabalānī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:世尊曾在舍卫城,对众多比库说:『比库们,有五种教行力量。五者为何?一者信心力,二者羞耻力,三者恐怖力,四者精进力,五者智慧力。这五种便是比库们的五教行力量。』世尊如是开示。
Dukkhasutta苦经
Pu – tattheva āvuso tatiyaṃ dukkhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:请问第三篇苦经,世尊是怎样宣说的?
Vi – tatiyaṃ bhante dukkhasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcahi bhikkhave dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhaṃ viharati savighātaṃ saupāyāsaṃ sapariḷāhaṃ kāyassa ca bhedā paraṃ maraṇā duggati pāṭikaṅkhā. Katamehi pañcahi, idha bhikkhave bhikkhu asaddho hoti ahiriko hoti, anottappī hoti, kusīto hoti, duppañño hotī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:世尊说:『比库们,具备这五法的比库,在现法中必感受苦,身心遭逢伤害、难事、痛苦及身体坏坏,终辞此世,堕入恶趣,必为所恨。何为此五法?即比库不信、不羞、不畏、不勤、不智。』世尊如是宣说。
Samāpattisutta等至经
Pu – tattheva āvuso chaṭṭhaṃ samāpattisuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:请问第六篇禅定经,世尊是如何宣说的?
Vi – chaṭṭhaṃ bhante samāpattisuttaṃ ‘‘na tāva bhikkhave akusalassa samāpatti hoti, yāva saddhā paccupaṭṭhitā hoti kusalesu dhammesu. Yato ca kho bhikkhave saddhā antarahitā hoti asaddhiyaṃ pariyuṭṭhāya tiṭṭhati, atha akusalassa samāpatti hotī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:世尊言:『比库们,劣业禅定尚未生起,只因信心未坚立于善法之中。信心若断,不能绵续,则劣业禅定必然生起。』世尊如是开示。
Kāmasutta欲经
Pu – tattheva āvuso sattamaṃ kāmasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:在此,尊者,这第七品欲法经,世尊是如何说的?
Vi – sattamaṃ bhante kāmasuttaṃ ‘‘yebhuyyena bhikkhave sattā kāmesu laḷitā. Asitabyābhaṅgiṃ bhikkhave kulaputto ohāya agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti, saddhāpabbajito kulaputtoti alaṃ vacanāyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,第七品欲法经中,世尊说:“比库们,众生于欲乐中多所驰逐。比库们,出生于富贵之家者,舍弃家宅,出家为无家行者,怀有信心而出家。此即『出生于富贵之家者出家,即信心出家』之意。”
Vimuttāyatanasutta解脱处经
Pu – aṅguttaranikāye pañcakanipāte pañcaṅgikavagge chaṭṭhaṃ vimuttāyatanasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:在小部第五集五品中,第六品解脱境界经,世尊是如何说的?
Vi – pañcaṅgikavagge bhante chaṭṭhaṃ vimuttāyatanasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcimāni bhikkhave vimuttāyatanāni, yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā vā āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattaṃ vā anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇātī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,于五品集第六品解脱境界经中,世尊说:“比库们,诸比库有五种解脱境界,彼处比库勤谨用功,调伏心念,心离放逸,乃至未生烦恼亦得断灭,达到未超越者亦未能至最高安稳之境。”此世尊如是说。
Caṅkamasutta经行经
Pu – tattheva āvuso navamaṃ caṅkamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:在此,尊者,第九品行品经,世尊是如何说的?
Vi – navamaṃ bhante caṅkamasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcime bhikkhave caṅkame ānisaṃsā. Katame pañca, addhānakkhamo hoti, padhānakkhamo hoti, appābādho hoti, asitaṃ pītaṃ khāyitaṃ sāyitaṃ sammā pariṇāmaṃ gacchati, caṅkamādhigato samādhi ciraṭṭhitiko hoti. Ime kho bhikkhave pañca caṅkame ānisaṃsā’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,第九品行品经说:‘比库们,五项行业为缘。何等五?行进境界为高,停止境界为下,少障碍,所食饮食无恶,食后适当转变,定力住于行持不移。此五为比库们行业缘。’此即世尊所说。
Sumanasutta苏玛那经
Pu – sumanavagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ sumanasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
在普苏曼品中,尊者须陀第一则由世尊宣说的须曼经,于何处起,属何内容,如何宣说。
Vi – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sumanaṃ rājakumāriṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Sumanā bhante rājakumārī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘idhassu bhante bhagavato dve sāvakā samasaddhā samasīlā samapaññā eko dāyako eko adāyako. Te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyuṃ. Devabhūtānaṃ pana nesaṃ bhante siyā viseso siyā nānākaraṇa’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘yo so sumane dāyako, so amhaṃ adāyakaṃ devabhūto samāno pañcahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhāti, dibbena āyunā dibbena vaṇṇena dibbena sukhena dibbena yasena dibbena ādhipateyyena. Yo so sumane dāyako, so amhaṃ adāyakaṃ devabhūto samāno imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi adhigaṇhātī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
吠舍离,有一位名须曼的王女展开言说。须曼尊者对世尊说:『世尊,在此尊者处,有二位弟子,彼此同信、同戒、同慧,有一人施舍,有一人不施舍。他们的身体虽死,过后得善趣,往生天界。然天众中,该施者与非施者,是否有差别?』对此事,世尊说:『须曼啊,那位施舍者者,便是我不施者,同等为天众,能在五处皆得利益,凭神力长寿、色相、快乐、威望、主宰自在。那施者者,即我不施者,天众同等,能在此五处皆获利益。』如是,世尊如此说。
‘‘Yathāpi cando vimalo, gacchaṃ ākāsadhātuyā;
『譬如天空清朗明净,明月行于空中;
Sabbe tārāgaṇe loke, ābhāya atirocati;
诸星众多,在圈中以光辉超出常态;
Tatheva sīlasampanno, saddho purisapuggalo;
同样修持善戒的、信心坚定的人间之士,
Sabbe maccharino loke, cāgena atirocati’’–
犹如世俗中饥蚊,以布施而超越光芒。』
Uggahasutta伍嘎哈经
Pu – tattheva āvuso tatiyaṃ uggahasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
蒲陀问:尊者,在此处,尊者世尊说的第三个摘要讲法是从哪里开始,在什么内容上说的,又是如何说的?
Vi – tatiyaṃ bhante uggahasuttaṃ bhaddiye uggahaṃ meṇḍakanattāraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Uggaho bhante meṇḍakanattā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘imā me bhante kumāriyo patikulāni gamissanti, ovadatu tāsaṃ bhante bhagavā, anusāsatu tāsaṃ bhante bhagavā, yaṃ tāsaṃ assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘tasmātiha kumāriyo evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ’’ yassa vo mātāpitaro bhattuno dassanti atthakāmā hitesino anukampakā anukampaṃ upādāya, tassa bhavissāma pubbuṭṭhāyino pacchānipātiniyo kiṃ kārapaṭissāviniyo manāpacāriniyo piyavādiniyo’ti. Evañhi vo kumāriyo sikkhitabba’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗答:第三个摘要讲法,尊者,是尊者世尊在美好的比库中从关于童女戒律的要点开始说起的。尊者,童女戒律,世尊说:“这些童女将会离开家弃绝亲属,比库当开导她们,比库当教诲她们,使她们为长远安乐利益得法教。”对此事,“因此童女当如此受教”,因为她们的父母为养育者、心怀利益与慈悲、以慈悲为念,将会成为她们未来早期与后来守戒、反省戒失、内心谨守、持戒护念的助缘。正如如此,尊者世尊即是如是说的。
Sīhasenāpatisutta狮子将军经
Pu – aṅguttaranikāye āvuso pañcakanipāte sumanavagge catutthaṃ sīhasenāpatisuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
蒲陀问:在《增支部》五分法喻品中,尊者世尊讲述第四部狮子长军法是什么地方开始,针对什么主题,如何说的?
Vi – vesāliyaṃ bhante sīhaṃ senāpatiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Sīho bhante senāpati bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sakkā nu kho bhante sandiṭṭhikaṃ dānaphalaṃ paññāpetu’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘sakkā sīha, dāyako sīha dānapati bahuno janassa piyo hoti manāpo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗答:尊者,世尊是在王舍城开始以狮子长军为例说法。狮子长军对世尊说:“狮子啊,是否能指示当下所见的布施果报?”对此事,世尊说:“狮子啊,布施者众为施主,众多民众亲爱他,心悦施主。”正如如此,尊者世尊即是这样说的。
Kāladānasutta时施经
Pu – tattheva āvuso chaṭṭhaṃ kāladānasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
蒲陀问:尊者,第六个时节布施经,尊者世尊是怎样宣说的?
Vi – chaṭṭhaṃ bhante kāladānasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcimāni bhikkhave kāladānāni. Katamāni pañca, āgantukassa dānaṃ deti, gamikassa dānaṃ deti, gilānassa dānaṃ deti, dubbhikkhe dānaṃ deti, yāni tāni navasassāni navaphalāni, tāni paṭhamaṃ sīlavantesu patiṭṭhāpeti. Imāni kho bhikkhave pañca kāladānānī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗答:尊者,第六时节布施经中,世尊说:“比库们,有五种时节布施。哪五种?给来访者的布施,给行路人的布施,给病者的布施,给饥饿者的布施。这些都是九种果报、九种利益中的第一。它们得于持戒清净之人。比库们,这五种时节布施。”正如如此,尊者世尊即是如此说的。
Bhojanasutta食物经
Pu – tattheva āvuso sattamaṃ bhojanasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者优陀悉提阿难,尊敬的长老啊,世尊如何说第七篇饮食经?
Vi – sattamaṃ bhante bhojanasuttaṃ ‘‘bhojanaṃ bhikkhave dadamāno dāyako paṭiggāhakānaṃ pañca ṭhānāni deti. Katamāni pañca, āyuṃ deti, vaṇṇaṃ deti, sukhaṃ deti, balaṃ deti, paṭibhānaṃ deti. Āyuṃ kho pana datvā āyussa bhāgī hoti dibbassa vā mānusassa vā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
尊者毗婆诃,尊敬的长老,第七篇饮食经中世尊说:“比库们,施与饮食者,即施主,给予受者五种利益。这五种利益是什么呢?施主给予受者寿命,给予其相好,给予其安乐,给予其力量,给予其才智。施与寿命者,受者便成为寿命的共享者,无论是天人还是人众。”世尊就是这样宣说的。
Puttasutta子经
Pu – tattheva āvuso navamaṃ puttasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
尊者优陀悉提阿难,尊敬的长老,世尊如何说第九篇子女经?
Vi – navamaṃ bhante puttasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcimāni bhikkhave ṭhānāni sampassanto mābhāpitaro puttaṃ icchanti kule jāyamānaṃ. Katamāni pañca,
尊者毗婆诃,尊敬的长老,世尊说第九篇子女经:“比库们,观察五种状态后,父母不会厌弃在家族中出生的子女。哪五种状态呢?
Bhato vā no bharissati, kiccaṃ vā no karissati, kulavaṃso ciraṃ ṭhassati, dāyajjaṃ paṭipajjissatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
‘他是否为我们的承担,是否为我们的事务用心,家族血脉是否久住,是否遵守遗产法’等,世尊就是这样宣说的。
Nāradasutta那拉德经
Pu – muṇḍarājavagge panāvuso dasamaṃ nāradasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
尊者优陀悉提,尊敬的长老,在著名的出家人经典中,第十篇那罗陀经从何处开讲,论述何种内容,请说明。
Vi – pāṭaliputte bhante muṇḍaṃ rājānaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Muṇḍassa bhante rañño bhaddā devī kālaṅkatā hoti piyā manāpā. So bhaddāya deviyā kālaṅkatāya piyāya manāpāya neva nhāyati na vilimpati na bhattaṃ bhuñjati, na kammantaṃ payojeti, rattindivaṃ bhaddāya deviyā sarīre ajjhomucchito. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘pañcimāni mahārāja alabbhanīyāni ṭhānāni samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmi’’nti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā nāradattherena rañño pasenadissa kosalassa bhagavatā desitaniyāmena desitaṃ.
毗——在巴达厘子,尊者,如是世尊所说关于剃发王的话。尊者,剃发王的贤良王后是不洁净的,既不被喜爱,也不得意。尊者,这位贤良王后既不沐浴,也不沾染污秽,不食食物,不从事作业,夜夜白日都离开贤良王后身体。尊者,此中有所指:‘五处大王不可得之地,不能被沙门、婆罗门、天人、魔王、梵天或世间其他任何者所获。’依此如是,尊者,由寿长尊者那罗陀按照国王罗舍利的可宣说法,由世尊宣说。
Ko nāmo ayaṃ bhante dhammapariyāyo.
尊者,这名相法叫作什么?
Taggha bhante sokasallaharaṇo.
确实,尊者,此为离忧解脱。
Samayasutta时机经
Pu – aṅguttaranikāye āvuso pañcakanipāte nīvaraṇavagge catutthaṃ samayasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普——在增支部,善男子,于五部中除碍品第四议时经,世尊如何开示?
Vi – nīvaraṇavagge bhante catutthaṃ samayasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcime bhikkhave asamayā padhānāya. Katame pañca, idha bhikkhave bhikkhu jiṇṇo hoti jarāyābhibhūto. Ayaṃ bhikkhave paṭhamo asamayo padhānāyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗——在离碍品,第四议时经中,世尊如是说:‘比库们,有五处非时分,用于精进。何为五处?此比库,比库老朽,被老苦所逼。此为第一非时分。’依此如是,世尊开示。
Ṭhānasutta处经
Pu – tattheva āvuso sattamaṃ ṭhānasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普——在场,善男子,关于第七位地经,世尊如何开示?
Vi – sattamaṃ bhante ṭhānasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcimāni bhikkhave ṭhānāni abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbāni itthiyā vā purisena vā gahaṭṭhena vā pabbajitena vā. Katamāni pañca, jarādhammomhi jaraṃ anatītoti abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ itthiyā vā purisena vā gahaṭṭhena vā pabbajitena vā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
佛陀以此如是称说,第七篇法《所在经》中,说:“比库们,有五种所在,应当明了了知,不论是妇女、男子、家人,或出家者,皆应如是观察,此五者为何?于老法中,老者虽有,但老不过也,是五者,必须明了观察,不论是妇女、男子、家人,或出家者。”
Dhammavihārīsutta住法者经
Pu – yodhājīvavagge panāvuso tatiyaṃ dhammavihārisuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
在《战争业篇》中,有一篇第三法《正业行者经》,问佛陀如何说法。
Vi – yodhājīvavagge bhante tatiyaṃ dhammavihārisuttaṃ ‘‘idha bhikkhu bhikkhu dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇāti suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthaṃ udānaṃ dutivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ, so tāya dhammapariyattiyā divasaṃ atināmeti, riñcati paṭisallānaṃ, nānuyuñjati ajjhattaṃ cetosamathaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhu bhikkhu pariyattibahulo no dhammavihārī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
佛陀以此如是称说,在《战争业篇》第三法《正业行者经》中言:“若比库闻法悉知,能诵经文、歌谣、论说、偈颂、欢喜称颂、故事、奇异之法、深妙之理,斯法勤学过量,日甚一日,喜于独处,不修内心安静者,此谓比库,虽多闻法,却非真实修习法者。”
Dhammavihārī dhammavihārīti bhante vuccati, kittāvatā nu kho bhante bhikkhu dhammavihārī hoti.
‘正业行者’即‘正法修习者’,问曰:“比库所称之正业修习者,称誉至何?”
Dutiyaanāgatabhayasutta第二未来怖畏经
Pu – aṅguttaranikāye āvuso pañcakanipāte yodhājīvavagge aṭṭhamaṃ dutiyaanāgatabhayasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
于《增支部·五分卷》中,尊者问佛陀,第八篇第二经《未来怖畏经》,佛陀如何说法?
Vi – yodhājīvavagge bhante aṭṭhamaṃ dutiyaanāgatabhayasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcimāni bhikkhave anāgatabhayāni sampassamānena alameva bhikkhunā appamattena ātāpinā pahitattena viharituṃ appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
佛陀以此如是称说,在《战争业篇》第八篇第二《未来怖畏经》中言:“比库们,有五种未来怖畏,凡是明了清醒,以热诚正念,调伏正行,少有灾患,无所失落,若未得则努力求得,毕竟真实,如实现证。”
Tatiyaanāgatabhayasutta第三未来怖畏经
Pu – tattheva āvuso navamaṃ tatiyaanāgatabhayasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普:善知识,第九篇第三未来怖畏经,世尊是如何说法的?
Vi – tattheva bhante navamaṃ katiyaanāgatabhayasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcimāni bhikkhave anāgatabhayāni etarahi asamuppannāni āyatiṃ samuppajjissanti, tāni vo paṭibujjhitabbāni, paṭibujjhitvā ca tesaṃ pahānāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Katamāni pañca, bhavissanti bhikkhave bhikkhū anāgatamaddhānaṃ abhāvitakāyā abhāvitasīlā abhāvitacittā abhāvitapaññā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗:善知识,如实答复。尊者,第九篇未来怖畏经说:『比库们,此时有五种未来怖畏暂未现起,未来必将出现,尔等当了知;既了知当当努力断除。此五者为何?未来比库们必有未生身行破坏、戒破坏、意破坏、慧破坏。』世尊即如是说。
Catutthaanāgatabhayasutta第四未来怖畏经
Pu – aṅguttaranikāye āvuso pañcakanipāte yodhājīvavagge dasamaṃ catutthaanāgatabhayasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普:在《增一部》善知识,五类部,战士生计章节中,第十篇第四未来怖畏经,世尊是如何说法的?
Vi – yodhājīvavagge bhante dasamaṃ catutthaanāgatabhayasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcimāni bhikkhave anāgatabhayāni etarahi asamuppannāni āyatiṃ samuppajjissanti, tāni vo paṭibujjhitabbāni, paṭibujjhitvā ca tesaṃ pahānāya vāyamitabba’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗:尊者,如实答复。战士生计章节中,第十篇第四未来怖畏经说:『比库们,有五种未来怖畏暂未现起,未来必将生起,尔等当了知,了知后应努力断除。』世尊即如是说。
Kakudhavagga咖库达品
Sīhasutta狮子经
Pu – kakudhavagge āvuso navamaṃ sīhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普:在《中部》善知识,骷髅经章节,第九篇狮子经,世尊是如何说法的?
Vi – kakudhavagge bhante navamaṃ sīhasuttaṃ ‘‘sīho bhikkhave migarājā sāyanhasamayaṃ āsayā nikkhamati, āsayā nikkhamitvā vijambhati, vijambhitvā samantā catuddisaṃ anuviloketi, samantā catuddisaṃ anuviloketvā tikkhattuṃ sīhanādaṃ nadatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗:尊者,如实答复。骷髅经章节第九篇狮子经说:『比库们,狮子如猎兽王,在暮时离坐,离坐后张开吼声,随后环视四方,环视四方后发出锋利狮吼。』世尊即如是说。
Andhakavindavagga盲林品
Kulūpakasutta家族近事经
Pu – andhakavindavagge pana āvuso ‘‘paṭhamaṃ kulūpakasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普提问:在盲目者莲花品中,尊者,请问世尊是如何说起第一部《愚昧弟子经》的?
Vi – andhakavindavagge bhante paṭhamaṃ kulūpakasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcahi bhikkhave dhammehi samannāgato kulūpako bhikkhu kulesu appiyo ca hoti amanāpo ca agaru ca abhāvanīyo cā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗罗答:在盲目者莲花品中,尊者,世尊如此说起第一部《愚昧弟子经》:『比库们,具足五法的愚昧弟子比库在家族中是不受欢迎的,既不受尊敬,也不成就,也不被喜爱』。世尊即是如此开示的。
Andhakavindasutta盲林经
Pu – tattheva āvuso catutthaṃ andhakavindasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
普提问:尊者,请问盲目者莲花经第四品,世尊从哪里开始,如何开示的?
Vi – magadhesu bhante andhakavinde āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ ārabbha ‘‘ye te ānanda bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā adhunāgatā imaṃ dhammavinayaṃ, te vo ānanda bhikkhū pañcasu dhammesu samādapetabbā nivesetabbā patiṭṭhāpetabbā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗罗答:在摩揭陀,尊者,世尊开始对具寿比库阿难说:『阿难,比库们,初出家不久、新近入门的众比库,现在应当安住于此法戒律,受持、增长、建立于五法』。世尊即是如此开示的。
Gilānavagga病品
Satisūpaṭṭhitasutta念现起经
Pu – aṅguttaranikāye āvuso pañcakanipāte gilānavagge dutiyaṃ satisūpaṭṭhitasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普提问:在增支部五篇病患品第二处现观经,世尊是如何开示的?
Vi – gilānavagge bhante dutiyaṃ satisūpaṭṭhitasuttaṃ ‘‘yo hi koci bhikkhave bhikkhu vā bhikkhunī vā pañca dhamme bhāveti, pañca dhamme bahulīkaroti, tassa dvinnaṃ phalānaṃ aññataraṃ phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ ‘diṭṭheva dhamme aññā, sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā’. Katame pañca, idha bhikkhave bhikkhuno ajjhattaññeva satisūpaṭṭhitā hotī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗罗答:在病患品中,尊者,世尊如此说第二现观经:『比库们,若有比库或比库尼修习五法、精勤多方行持者,则其二果之中,必得其一果,即现法中得无上智慧,或者禅定念住不退转证得。何等为五?即比库内心已现正念为五』。世尊即是如此开示。
Upaṭṭhākasutta看护者经
Pu – tattheva āvuso tatiyaṃ upaṭṭhākasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
须菩提,于此,阿阇世,世尊如何说第三尊侍经?
Vi – tatiyaṃ bhante upaṭṭhākasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcahi bhikkhave dhammehi samannāgato gilāno dūpaṭṭhāko hoti. Katamehi pañcahi, asappāyakārī hoti, sappāye mattaṃ na jānāti, bhesajjaṃ nappaṭisevitā hotī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗婆沙答曰:世尊如是说第三尊侍经:『比库们,患病的侍者具足五种法。何等为五?疾病者是无益者,不知何为有益,无服药用。』世尊如是宣说。
Anāyussāsutta无寿经
Pu – tattheva āvuso pañcamaṃ anāyussāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
须菩提,于此,阿阇世,世尊如何说第五无寿经?
Vi – pañcamaṃ bhante anāyussāsuttaṃ ‘‘pañcime bhikkhave dhammā anāyussā. Katame pañca, asappāyakārī hoti, sappāye mattaṃ na jānāti, apariṇatabhojī ca hoti, akālacārī ca hoti, abrahmacārī ca. Ime kho bhikkhave pañca dhammā anāyussā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗婆沙答曰:世尊如是说第五无寿经:『比库们,有五种法为无寿。何等为五?无益者,不知有益者,食无成熟者,时节不正者,非梵行者。此五法为无寿。』世尊如是宣说。
Samaṇasukhasutta沙门乐经
Pu – tattheva āvuso aṭṭhamaṃ samaṇasukhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
须菩提,于此,阿阇世,世尊如何说第八沙门苦经?
Vi – aṭṭhamaṃ bhante samaṇasukhasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcimāni bhikkhave samaṇadukkhāni. Katamāni pañca, idha bhikkhave bhikkhu asantuṭṭho hoti itarītarena cīvarena, asantuṭṭho hoti itarītarena piṇḍapātena, asantuṭṭho hoti itarītarena senāsanena, asantuṭṭho hoti itarītarena gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena, anabhirato ca brahmacariyaṃ carati. Imāni kho bhikkhave pañca samaṇadukkhānī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗婆沙答曰:世尊如是说第八沙门苦经:『比库们,有五则沙门苦。何为五?此处比库不满意他衣,不满意他乞食,不满意他坐具,不满意他病药检查,且不爱乐梵行。此五为沙门苦。』世尊如是宣说。
Byasanasutta衰损经
Pu – tattheva āvuso dasamaṃ byasanasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普 – 尊者,请问世尊如何说第十篇『堕落经』?
Vi – dasamaṃ bhante byasanasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcimāni bhikkhave byasanāni. Katamāni pañca, ñātibyasanaṃ bhogabyasanaṃ rogabyasanaṃ sīlabyasanaṃ diṭṭhibyasana’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗 – 尊者,第十篇『堕落经』中,世尊说:『比库们,堕落有五种。何等为五?亲属堕落、财物堕落、疾病堕落、戒法堕落、见解堕落。』世尊如是说。
Rājavagga王品
Patthanāsutta愿求经
Pu – rājavagge pana āvuso chaṭṭhaṃ patthanāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普 – 王篇中尊者,请问世尊如何说第六篇『起始经』?
Vi – rājavagge bhante chaṭṭhaṃ patthanāsuttaṃ ‘‘pañcahi bhikkhave aṅgehi samannāgato rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa jeṭṭho putto oparajjaṃ patthetī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗 – 王篇中,世尊说第六篇『起始经』云:『比库们,具有五根的王族者,即贵族出身、家隆氏族、长子为王储、尊贵世袭者,宜当摄受王位。』世尊如是说。
Sappurisadānasutta善士施经
Pu – tikaṇḍakīvagge āvuso aṭṭhamaṃ sappurisadānasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普 – 三昧根经节中尊者,请问世尊如何说第八篇『善人供养经』?
Vi – tikaṇḍakīvagge bhante aṭṭhamaṃ sappurisadānasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcimāni bhikkhave sappurisadānāni. Katamāni pañca, saddhāya dānaṃ deti, sakkaccaṃ dānaṃ deti, kālena dānaṃ deti, anuggahitacitto dānaṃ deti, attānañca parañca anupahacca dānaṃ detī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗 – 三昧根经节中,世尊说第八篇『善人供养经』云:『比库们,善人供养有五种。何等为五?以信心布施、适时布施、巡时布施、意乐布施、不分别自身及他布施。』世尊如是说。
Saddhammavagga正法品
Paṭhamasammattaniyāmasutta第一正性决定经
Pu – saddhammavagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ sammattaniyāmasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:在正法品中,善士初次讲说正法的受持和守护如何由世尊说出?
Vi – saddhammavagge bhante paṭhamaṃ sammattaniyāmasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcahi bhikkhave dhammehi samannāgato sunakkhopi saddhammaṃ abhabbo niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi, kathaṃ paribhoti, kathikaṃ paribhoti, attānaṃ paribhotī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,世尊如此讲说正法品中初次受持和守护经言:『比库们啊,由五法具足,即使最柔顺者亦不能违犯正法的规范。这五法是什么?如何违犯?如何说违犯?自己又怎样违犯?』世尊以此类推而述。
Paṭhamasaddhammasammosasutta第一正法混乱经
Pu – tattheva āvuso catutthaṃ paṭhamasaddhammasammosasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:同处,善士怎由世尊所说正法品第四首正法磨灭经出世?
Vi – tattheva bhante catutthaṃ paṭhamasaddhammasammosasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcime bhikkhave dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca, idha bhikkhave bhikkhū na sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ suṇanti, na sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇanti, na sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ dhārenti, na sakkaccaṃ dhātānaṃ dhammānaṃ atthaṃ upaparikkhanti, na sakkaccaṃ atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya dhammānudhammaṃ paṭipajjanti. Ime kho bhikkhave pañca dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattantī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,世尊如是说正法品第四首正法磨灭经言:『比库们啊,有五法导致正法磨灭及消失。何为这五?这里,比库们,如果比库们不谨慎听法,不谨慎周遍学习法,不谨慎持守法,不谨慎检验法的根本,不谨慎理解法义而依法行者,则此五法导致正法磨灭及消失。』世尊如此说。
Dutiyasaddhammasammosasutta第二正法混乱经
Pu – tattheva āvuso pañcamaṃ dutiyasaddhammasammosasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:同处,善士又如何由世尊讲说正法品第五首正法磨灭次经?
Vi – tattheva bhante pañcamaṃ dutiyasaddhammasammosasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcime bhikkhave dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca, idha bhikkhave bhikkhū dhammaṃ na pariyāpuṇanti suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthaṃ udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ. Ayaṃ bhikkhave paṭhamo dhammo saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,世尊如是说正法品第五首正法磨灭次经言:『比库们啊,有五法导致正法磨灭及消失。何为这五?这里,比库们,比库们不周遍学习佛陀所说之经、歌咏、说明、偈语、讽喻、传记、不可思议法及文字资料等,此即五法之首,导致正法磨灭及消失。』世尊如是说。
Tatiyasaddhammasammosasutta第三正法混乱经
Pu – tattheva āvuso chaṭṭhaṃ tatiyasaddhammasammosasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普问:尊者,请问世尊是如何说〈第六卷第三正法净灭经〉的?
Vi – tattheva bhante chaṭṭhaṃ tatiyasaddhammasammosasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcime bhikkhave dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca, idha bhikkhave bhikkhū duggahitaṃ suttantaṃ pariyāpuṇanti dunnikkhittahi padabyañjanehi. Dunnikkhittassa bhikkhave padabyañjanassa atthopi dunnayo hoti. Ayaṃ bhikkhave paṭhamo dhammo saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
师答:尊者,世尊确如是说〈第六卷第三正法净灭经〉中谓:『比库们,五种要素导致正法的净灭与消失。何为五者?此处,比库们,诸比库对于经文有所错误理解,糟粕词义滥用。此滥用词义之处,实则义理受损。此为导致正法净灭与消失的第一因。』世尊如是宣说。
Dukkatāsutta恶作经
Pu – aṅguttaranikāye āvuso pañcakanipāte saddhammavagge sattamaṃ dukkathāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普问:尊者,请问世尊于《增支部》中五单位品正法集中所说的第七苦语经是怎样说的?
Vi – saddhammavagge bhante sattamaṃ dukkathāsuttaṃ ‘‘pañcannaṃ bhikkhave puggalānaṃ kathā dukkathā puggale puggalaṃ upanidhāya. Katamesaṃ pañcannaṃ, assaddhassa bhikkhave saddhākathā dukkathā, dussīlassa sīlakathā dukkathā, appassutassa bāhusaccakathā dukkathā, maccharissa cāgakathā dukkathā, duppaññassa paññākathā dukkathā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
师答:正法集中第七苦语经云:『比库们,五类人之所言皆苦语;以一人压迫另一人而言。何人五类?不信者言正法皆苦语;品德恶劣者言戒律皆苦语;无常识多人言语皆苦语;好施舍者所说布施语皆苦语;愚痴者所说智慧语亦皆苦语。』世尊如是说。
Udāyīsutta伍答夷经
Pu – tattheva āvuso navamaṃ udāyisuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
普问:尊者,请问世尊述说那〈第九卷优陀夷经〉时从何处何事起讲?
Vi – kosambiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante udāyī mahatiyā gīhiparisāya parivuto dhammaṃ desento nisinno hoti. Addasā kho āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ mahatiyā gihiparisāya parivutaṃ dhammaṃ desentaṃ nisinnaṃ. Disvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘āyasmā bhante udāyī mahatiyā gihiparisāya parivuto dhammaṃ desetī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘na kho ānanda sukaraṃ paresaṃ dhammaṃ desetuṃ, paresaṃ ānanda dhammaṃ desentena pañca dhamme ajjhattaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā paresaṃ dhammo desetabbo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
师答:世尊是从迦毗罗卫国尊者优陀夷起讲的。尊者优陀夷环绕广大居家众多,坐着宣讲法义。时,阿难见尊者优陀夷环绕广大居家众多坐着宣讲法义,见之后往世尊处,顶礼世尊,坐一侧。阿难为世尊言:“尊者,优陀夷环绕广大居家众多宣讲法义。”世尊告曰:“阿难,难以为他人宣说法义。由阿难当亲自证悟五法置入内心,方能为他人宣说法义。”世尊如是说。
Āghātavagga怨恨品
Paṭhamaāghātapaṭivinayasutta第一调伏怨恨经
Pu – āghātavagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ āghātapaṭivinayasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
大众品中,善知识,世尊如何说第一章拘禁罪违犯戒律之法?
Vi – āghātavagge bhante paṭhamaṃ āghātapaṭivinayasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcime bhikkhave āghātapaṭivinayā, yattha bhikkhuno uppanno āghāto sabbaso paṭivinetabbo. Katame pañca, yasmiṃ bhikkhave puggale āghāto jāyetha, mettā tasmiṃ puggale bhāvetabbā, evaṃ tasmiṃ puggale āghāto paṭivinetabbo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
大众品中,尊者,世尊如此说:『诸比库啊,拘禁罪违犯戒律有五种,其中一人若生拘禁罪,应当一切违犯拘禁罪。五者为何?是此五事之人若生拘禁罪,应当于彼之人培养慈心。由此,如是之人拘禁罪应当被违犯。』世尊即如此说。
Upāsakavagga近事男品
Caṇḍālasutta贱民经
Pu – upāsakavagge pana āvuso pañcamaṃ caṇḍālasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
比库尼品中,善知识,世尊如何说第五章贱民经?
Vi – upāsakavagge bhante pañcamaṃ caṇḍālasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcahi bhikkhave dhammehi samannāgato upāsako upāsakacaṇḍālo ca hoti upāsakamalañca upāsakapatikuṭṭho cā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
比库尼品中,尊者,世尊如此说:『诸比库啊,有具足五法之近事男女,是贱民,是近事贱民,是近事污秽者,是近事凶恶者。』世尊即如此说。
Pītisutta喜经
Pu – tattheva āvuso chaṭṭhaṃ pītisuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
又,善知识,第六章喜悦经,世尊何处何由开说乎?
Vi – chaṭṭhaṃ bhante pītisuttaṃ sāvatthiyaṃ anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ ārabbha ‘‘tumhe kho gahapati bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paccupaṭṭhitā cīvara piṇḍapāta senāsana gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena . Na kho gahapati tāvatakeneva tuṭṭhi karaṇīyā ‘‘mayaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paccupaṭṭhitā cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilāna paccaya bhesajjaparikkhārenā’’ti. Tasmātiha gahapati evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ ‘‘kindi mayaṃ kālena kālaṃ pavivekaṃ pītiṃ upasampajja vihareyyāmā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
第六章喜悦经,于释迦族安那烂陀长者处开示:『尔等哉,长者,恭敬比库僧团,供养比库衣食、住处、病患、其实验、医疗等。然长者不应以仅此足已而满足,谓:「我等供养比库僧团、衣食住处、病病医疗足矣。」因是故,长者当修习此法:「当随时随刻,修习清净、远离分别、喜悦之心而修持安住。」』世尊即如此说。
Vaṇijjāsutta商业经
Pu – tattheva āvuso sattamaṃ vaṇijjāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普问:尊者,在此处世尊如何说第七篇 التجارة 经?
Vi – tattheva bhante sattamaṃ vaṇijjāsuttaṃ ‘‘pañcimā bhikkhave vaṇijjā upāsakena akaraṇīyā. Katamā pañca, satthavaṇijjā sattavaṇijjā maṃsavaṇijjā majjavaṇijjā visavaṇijjā. Imā kho bhikkhave pañca vaṇijjā upāsakena akaraṇīyā’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
威答:尊者,在此处世尊说第七篇贸易经云:『比库们,有五种贸易是居士不可从事的。何等为五者?卖师之贸易、杀生贸易、肉食贸易、酒类贸易与毒药贸易。比库们,这五种贸易是居士不应从事的。』世尊如是说。
Gavesīsutta伽韦西经
Pu – tattheva āvuso dasamaṃ gavesīsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
普问:尊者,在此处世尊从何处、以何事为起点说第十篇 探求经?
Vi – dasamaṃ bhante gavesīsuttaṃ kosalesu āyasmantaṃ ānandattheraṃ dhammabhaṇḍāgārikaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante ānandatthero dhammabhaṇḍāgāriko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ko nu kho bhante hetu ko paccayo bhagavato sitassa pātukammāya, na akāraṇena tathāgatā sitaṃ pātukarontī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ ānanda imasmiṃ padese nagaraṃ ahosi iddhañceva phītañca bahujanaṃ ākiṇṇamanussaṃ, taṃ kho panānanda nagaraṃ kassapo bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho upanissāya vihāsī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
威答:尊者,第十篇探求经是从拘萨罗国长老阿难尊者——法库房管理者起初说起的。尊者阿难是法库房管理者,曾问世尊曰:『尊敬的世尊,为何缘故、因何条件,已证得涅槃的如来不为所作?』在此事中,世尊如是说:『阿难,从前在此地有一城镇,具有神通力、广大富饶、众生众多且人口稠密。此城镇即为那时耶舍佛为依止而住。』世尊依此开示。
Vācāsutta语经
Pu – brāhmaṇavagge āvuso aṭṭhamaṃ vācāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普问:尊者,在婆罗门品中世尊如何说第八篇 言语经?
Vi – brāhmaṇavagge bhante aṭṭhamaṃ vācāsuttaṃ ‘‘pañcahi bhikkhave dhammehi samannāgatā vācā subhāsitā hoti no dubbhāsitā, anavajjā ca ananuvajjā ca viññūnaṃ. Katamehi pañcahi, kālena bhāsitā hoti, saccā ca bhāsitā hoti, saṇhā ca bhāsitā hoti, atthasaṃhitā ca bhāsitā hoti, mettācittena ca bhāsitā hoti, imehi kho bhikkhave pañcahi aṅgehi samannāgatā vācā subhāsitā hoti no dubbhāsitā, anavajjā ca ananuvajjā ca viññūna’’nti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
威答:尊者,在婆罗门品中,世尊说第八篇言语经曰:『比库们,具备五种品质而成就的言语,谓之善语,不作恶语;于智者而言,既无过失亦无背离。何以为五?言语应时合宜,实事求是,条理清晰,合乎意义,以慈心言语。具此五德者,言语乃善,无恶,无过,无背离。』世尊如是说。
Kulasutta家族经
Pu – tattheva āvuso navamaṃ kulasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
提婆:善知识,于第九《家系经》中,世尊是如何说的?
Vi – tattheva bhante navamaṃ kulasuttaṃ ‘‘yaṃ bhikkhave sīlavanto pabbajitā kulaṃ upasaṅkamanti, tattha manussā pañcahi ṭhānehi bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavanti. Katamehi pañcahi, yasmiṃ bhikkhave samaye sīlavante pabbajite kulaṃ upasaṅkamante manussā disvā cittāni pasādenti, saggasaṃvattanikaṃ bhikkhave taṃ kulaṃ tasmiṃ samaye paṭipadaṃ paṭipannaṃ hotī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗婆舍那:善知识,如实说道,第九《家系经》中云:『比库们,那些具戒行的比库出家后,临近家族时,人们因五种境界而生起多种善业。何为这五种?即在比库们具戒出家时期,临近家众看到时,心清净安稳。如此时此家成为享受天福之地,且当时有比库在此修行行持。』世尊即以此类法而说。
Kimilavagga虫品
Dhammassavanasutta闻法经
Pu – kimilavagge pana āvuso dutiyaṃ dhammassavanasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
提婆:善知识,第六卷中第二个《法闻经》,世尊是如何开示的?
Vi – kimilavagge bhante dutiyaṃ dhammassavanasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcime bhikkhave ānisaṃsā dhammassavane. Katame pañca, assutaṃ suṇāti, sutaṃ pariyodāpeti, kaṅkhaṃ vitarati, diṭṭhiṃ ujuṃ karoti, cittamassa pasīdati, ime kho bhikkhave pañca ānisaṃsā dhammassavane’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗婆舍那:善知识,如实说道,第六卷中第二个《法闻经》说:『比库们,闻法有五种因缘。何为五者?即是未闻而听闻,闻已加以净彻,使疑惑消除,正直正见,心生清净。诸比库,这五种皆为闻法之因缘。』世尊即以此为说。
Akkosakavagga骂詈品
Akkhantisutta不忍经
Pu – akkosakavagge pana āvuso pañcamaṃ akkhantisuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
提婆:善知识,于《嗔怒经》第五品中,世尊是如何宣说的?
Vi – akkosakavagge bhante pañcamaṃ akkhantisuttaṃ ‘‘pañcime bhikkhave ādīnavā akkhantiyā. Katame pañca, bahuno janassa appiyo hoti amanāpo, verabahulo ca hoti, vajjabahulo ca, sammūḷho kālaṃ karoti, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗婆舍那:善知识,如实说道,《嗔怒经》第五品言:『比库们,因嗔怒有五种危害。何为五者?一是为多人所厌恶,不受欢迎;二是招致敌意增多;三是招受攻击增多;四是常自恼怒;五是导致身身分裂及他死,并堕苦趣恶道地狱。』世尊即以此而说。
Apāsādikasutta不净信经
Pu – tattheva āvuso aṭṭhamaṃ apāsādikasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:在此尊者,当知世尊如何说第八篇“不敬法经”?
Vi – tattheva bhante aṭṭhamaṃ apāsādikasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcime bhikkhave ādīnavā apāsādike. Katame pañca, appasannā nappasīdanti, pasannānañca ekaccānaṃ aññathattaṃ hoti, satthusāsanaṃ akataṃ hoti, pacchimā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati, cittamassa nappasīdati. Ime kho bhikkhave pañca ādīnavā apāsādike’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,在此世尊说第八篇不敬法经时称:“比库们,有五种不敬法害。何等为五?一者心不清净,二者不息灭,三者对清净者持异见,四者令世尊教法未被圆满,五者西方众生随流。比库们,这五种为不敬法害。”世尊即这样开示。
Āvāsikavagga住处品
Āvāsikasutta住处经
Pu – āvāsikavagge panāvuso paṭhamaṃ āvāsikasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:尊者,在长住经部中,世尊如何说第一篇“长住经”?
Vi – āvāsikavagge bhante paṭhamaṃ āvāsikasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcahi bhikkhave dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu abhāvanīyo hoti. Katamehi pañcahi, na ākappasampanno hoti na vattasampanno, na bahussuto hoti na sutadharo, na paṭisallekhitā hoti na paṭisallānārāmo, na kalyāṇavāco hoti na kalyāṇavākkaraṇo, duppañño hoti jaḷo eḷamūgo. Imehi kho bhikkhave pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu abhāvanīyo hotī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,世尊在长住经部说第一篇时称:“比库们,具备五法的长住比库不可成长。何等为五?一者不坚固,二者不守持,三者不多闻广学,四者不持戒远离隐处,五者不善言不善语,六者愚痴愚钝如盲如聋。比库们,具足此五法的长住比库不可成长。”世尊即如此说。
Avaṇṇārahasutta应毁经
Pu – tattheva āvuso sattamaṃ avaṇṇārahasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
问曰:尊者,在此尊者,请问世尊如何说第七篇“难色经”?
Vi – tattheva bhante sattamaṃ avaṇṇārahasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcahi bhikkhave dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Katamehi pañcahi, ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā avaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā vaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, āvāsamaccharī hoti āvāsapaligedhī, kulamaccharī hoti kulapaligedhi, saddhādeyyaṃ vinipāteti. Imehi kho bhikkhave pañcahi dhammehi samannāgato āvāsiko bhikkhu yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰:尊者,世尊于第七篇难色经中言:“比库们,具足五法的长住比库,如实堕落地狱。何等五法?他无思虑无正缘说难色,或正缘说难色;为长住而犯戒,为家族而犯戒,失去信心戒法。比库们,具足此五法的长住比库如实堕落地狱。”世尊即如是开示。
Duccaritavagga恶行品
Paṭhamaduccaritasutta第一恶行经
Pu – duccaritavagge pana āvuso paṭhamaṃ duccaritasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普——尊者,尊者请问,世尊如何说第一难行经呢?
Vi – duccaritavagge bhante paṭhamaṃ duccaritasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcime bhikkhave ādīnavā duccarite. Katame pañca, attāpi attānaṃ upavadati, anuvicca viññū garahanti, pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchati, sammūḷho kālaṃ karoti, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. Ime kho bhikkhave pañca ādīnavā duccarite’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗——尊者,世尊说第一难行经时道:『比库们,有五种难治之事,谓之恶行之厄。何等为五?自我损害自己,先智者不赞许,恶名远扬,混乱妄为,迟延时间,身体受损而死,堕入恶趣,陷于地狱。比库们,此五难行之厄。』世尊以此五事如斯宣说。
Sivathikasutta坟场经
Pu – tattheva āvuso navamaṃ sivathikasuttaṃ bhagavatā kathaṃ bhāsitaṃ.
普——正此,尊者,世尊如何说第九锡瓦提迦经呢?
Vi – tattheva bhante navamaṃ sivathikasuttaṃ ‘‘pañcime bhikkhave ādīnavā sivathikāya. Katame pañca, asuci, duggandhā, sappaṭibhayā, vāḷānaṃ amanussānaṃ āvāso, bahuno janassa ārodanā. Ime kho bhikkhave pañca ādīnavā sivathikāyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
毗——正此,尊者,世尊说第九锡瓦提迦经时云:『比库们,有五难治之事,谓之锡瓦提迦难行。何等为五?不净,臭秽,害怕寄生虫,恶鬼居所,多人之嚎哭。比库们,此五难治之事,谓锡瓦提迦难行。』世尊以此五事如此宣说。