Khandhavaggasaṃyuttapāḷi · Khandhavaggasaṃyuttapāḷi
Khandhavaggasaṃyuttapāḷi《蕴品相应圣典》
Saṃgāyanassa pucchā vissajjanā结集的问答
Nakulapitusutta《那拘罗父经》
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā jānatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena khandhavaggasaṃyutte paṭhamaṃ nakulapitusuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：尊者，世尊所知，正自觉者以蕴品结集而成的首经中，名为牟古罗毗头经，起于何处，属何主题，如何宣说？
Vissajjanā – bhaggesu bhante susumāragire bhesakaḷāvane migadāye nakulapitaraṃ gahapatiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Nakulapitā bhante gahapati bhagavantaṃ ‘‘ahamasmi bhante jiṇṇo vuḍḍho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto āturakāyo abhikkhaṇātaṅko, aniccadassāvī kho panāhaṃ bhante bhagavato manobhāvanīyānañca bhikkhūnaṃ, ovadatu maṃ bhante bhagavā, anusāsatu maṃ bhante bhagavā, yaṃ mamassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘evametaṃ gahapati, evametaṃ gahapati, āturo hāyaṃ gahapati kāyo aṇḍabhūto pariyonaddho, yo hi gahapati imaṃ kāyaṃ pariharanto muhuttampi ārogyaṃ paṭijāneyya, kimaññatra bālyā. Tasmātiha te gahapati evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ ‘āturakāyassa me sato cittaṃ anāturaṃ bhavissatī’ti. Evañhi te gahapati sikkhitabba’’nti. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
解答曰：尊者，在竹山天上峰的医师林鹿野苑中，世尊开示牟古罗毗头长老一位居士。该居士对世尊言：我年事已高，体弱多病，衰老病苦缠身。愿世尊慈悲，为我及众比库开示教诲，令我获得长久利益与安乐。于此事中，世尊告曰：此居士如是，身病多恙，形体衰颓，近乎瓜果的坏烂。若有人护持此身体，若片刻能获健康，何况他时幼年之时？因此尔时应当如此教化该居士，使其于病体上怀念心不秃坏。居士当如是修学。如此，世尊开示。
Tasmātiha te gahapati evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ.
因此，彼居士应当受此教化。
Pucchā – tañcāvuso bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsitaṃ vitthārena kena kathañca vibhattaṃ.
问曰：尊者，世尊先简略开示，后如何详细宣说，释义分明？
Vissajjanā – taṃ kho bhante bhagavatā saṃkhittena desitaṃ ‘‘kathañca gahapati āturakāyo ceva hoti āturacitto ca. Idha gahapati assutavā puthujjano ariyānaṃ adassāvī ariyadhammassa akovido ariyadhamme avinīto, sappurisānaṃ adassāvī sappurisadhammassa akovido sappurisadhamme avinīto rūpaṃ attato samanupassati rūpavantaṃ vā attānaṃ, attani vā rūpaṃ, rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ, ‘‘ahaṃ rūpaṃ mama rūpa’’nti pariyuṭṭhaṭṭhāyī hoti. Tassa ‘‘ahaṃ rūpaṃ mama rūpa’’nti pariyuṭṭhaṭṭhāyino taṃ rūpaṃ vipariṇamati aññathā hoti. Tassa rūpavipariṇāmaññathābhāvā uppajjanti sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā vitthārena vibhattaṃ.
解答曰：尊者，世尊先简略教诲曰：居士病体且病心皆显现。此处，彼病躯居士是无闻凡夫，不见圣者，亦不解圣法，违犯圣法，亦不守善行，不识善法，体察自身与身色，或身自观或色自观，又对色身分别执著，心中有我我色、我有形象之见。此执著形态变异则异样。此异样形态无常，生起忧愁、悲叹、苦恼与愁闷。以上由此而起，尊者沙利佛法军领袖亲自详尽释明。
Aniccasutta《无常经》
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso dutiyavagge porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhaka mahātherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ aniccasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：彼时，尊者，第二品中，诸古大长老诸法集合，世尊所说无常经首经，起于何处，如何宣说？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘rūpaṃ bhikkhaveaniccaṃ, vedanā aniccā, saññā aniccā, saṅkhārā aniccā, viññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ. Evaṃ passaṃ bhikkhave sutavā ariyasāvako rūpasmimpi nibbindati, vedanāyapi nibbindati, saññāyapi nibbindati, saṅkhāresupi nibbindati, viññāṇasmimpi nibbindati, nibbindaṃ virajjati, virāgā vimuccati, vimuttasmiṃ ‘vimutta’miti ñāṇaṃ hotī’’ti. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释义——此语出于舍卫城，很多比库开始讲说：“诸比库，色是无常，受是无常，想是无常，行是无常，识也是无常。诸比库，如是观察后，若有闻法的圣弟子，在色法中厌离，在受、想、行、识中也都生起厌离，厌离生起后离欲放逸解脱，解脱中有‘已得解脱’的智慧。”这正是世尊所说。
Dukkhaanattasutta《苦与无我经》
Pucchā – dukkhaanattasuttāni panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitāni.
问曰——请问尊者，诸苦无我经是何时何处由世尊开始提说，内容如何？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘rūpaṃ bhikkhave dukkhaṃ, vedanā dukkhā, saññā dukkhā, saṅkhārā dukkhā, viññāṇaṃ dukkhaṃ. Rūpaṃ bhikkhave anattā, vedanā anattā, saññā anattā, saṅkhārā anattā, viññāṇaṃ anattā. Evaṃ passaṃ bhikkhave sutavā ariyasāvako rūpasmimpi nibbindati, vedanāyapi nibbindati, saññāyapi nibbindati, saṅkhāresupi nibbindati, viññāṇasmimpi nibbindati, nibbindaṃ virajjati, virāgā vimuccati, vimuttasmiṃ ‘vimutta’miti ñāṇaṃ hoti, khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitāni.
释义——此语亦出于舍卫城，很多比库开始讲说：“诸比库，色是苦，受是苦，想是苦，行是苦，识是苦。色是无我，受是无我，想是无我，行是无我，识是无我。诸比库，若如是观察，闻法的圣弟子，在色中厌离，在受、想、行、识中也都生起厌离，厌离生起后离欲放逸解脱，有‘已得解脱’的智慧，已断生死，已完成正行，知道无有第二这般真理。”这正是世尊所说。
Bhārasutta《重担经》
Pucchā – bhārasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰——请问尊者，负重经是何时何处由世尊开始提说，内容如何？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘bhārañca vo bhikkhave desessāmi bhārahārañca bhārādānañca bhāranikkhepanañca, taṃ suṇātha. Katamo ca bhikkhavebhāro, ‘pañcupādānakkhandhā’ tissa vacanīyaṃ. Katame pañca, rūpupādānakkhandho vedanupādānakkhandho saññupādānakkhandho saṅkhārupādānakkhandho viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave bhāro’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释义——此语亦出于舍卫城，很多比库开始讲说：“诸比库，我将为汝等说负重、负货和负载的舍弃，现在听闻。汝等所称负重者为何？五种取蕴谓：色取蕴、受取蕴、想取蕴、行取蕴、识取蕴。诸比库，此谓负重。”世尊即由此开讲。
Bhārā have pañcakkhandhā, bhārahāro ca puggalo;
负重即是五蕴，负重所载者即是人。
Bhārādānaṃ dukhaṃ loke, bhāranikkhepanaṃ sukhaṃ;
担负重担在世间是苦，卸下重担则为乐；
Nikkhipitvā garuṃ bhāraṃ, aññaṃ bhāraṃ anādiya;
放下沉重的负担，而不去承担别的重担；
Samūlaṃ taṇhamabbuyha, nicchāto parinibbuto.
连根拔除渴爱，彻底断灭，涅槃寂静。
Natumhākasutta非你们所有经
Pucchā – na tumhākasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：「尊者！佛陀所说的佛法主旨起于何处？怎么宣说？」
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhu ārabbha ‘‘yaṃ bhikkhave natumhākaṃ taṃ pajahatha, taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāyabhavissatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答言：「是在拘尸那城吧，尊者，佛陀多次开示说：『沙门们啊，你们应舍弃那不是你们的所有，这样你们既得利益又得安乐』如是宣说。
Anattalakkhaṇasutta无我相经
Pucchā – anattalakkhaṇasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：「无我特性的经论主旨起于何处？怎么宣说？」
Vissajjanā – bārāṇasiyaṃ bhante isipatane migadāye pañcavaggiye bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘rūpaṃ bhikkhave anattā, rūpañca hidaṃ bhikkhave attā abhavissa, nayidaṃ rūpaṃ ābādhāya saṃvatteyya, labbhetha ca rūpe evaṃ me rūpaṃ hotu, evaṃ me rūpaṃ mā ahosī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释义说——尊者，在巴拉那西的仙人堕处鹿野苑中，五众比库开始集会时说：“比库们，色非我，诸比库啊，色亦非我所有。色并非比库们所应执著所致之固定存在，不应以此色为自身之所求。愿得此色如是，则如是我色，不生不灭。”世尊如是开示。
Yamakasutta亚玛咖经
Pucchā – theravagge panāvuso tatiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ yamakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰——尊者，请问长老部中第三品《双对经》是从何处、以何事、以何种方式开讲的？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ yamakattheraṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmato bhante yamakattherassa evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti ‘‘tathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, yathā khīṇāsavo bhikkhu kāyassa bhedā ucchijjati vinassati, na hoti paraṃmaraṇā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi āvuso yamaka, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.
释义说——尊者，在沙瓦提，长老雅玛卡尊者开始讲述，其内容乃由长老沙利查尊者这位法军领袖所述。尊者雅玛卡有此恶见生起，谓“我知世尊已说法，已知断尽烦恼，比库断身坏命不复生，不再有后死”。就此问题，尊者沙利查作为法军统率反问尊者雅玛卡：“听者，你以为色为常还是无常？”世尊如是开示。
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha āyasmā sāriputtatthero dhammasenāpati āyasmato yamakattherassa paṭividdhasaccassa diṭṭhisampannassa anuyogavattajhāpanavasena paṭipucchitvā uttari dhammadesanaṃ vitthārena desesi.
问曰——尊者沙利查法军领袖，以何方法对长老雅玛卡坚定之真理见解，循序渐进地深入追问，并详尽宣说后续法义？
Vissajjanā – taṃ kiṃ maññasi āvuso yamaka, rūpaṃ ‘tathāgato’ti samanupassasīti. ‘No hetaṃ āvuso’. Vedanaṃ. Saññaṃ. Saṅkhāre. Viññāṇaṃ ‘tathāgato’ti samanupassasīti. ‘No hetaṃ āvuso’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmā sāriputtatthero dhammasenāpati āyasmato yamakattherassa anuyogavattajhāpanavasena paṭipucchitvā paṭipucchitvā uttari dhammadesanaṃ pavattesi.
释义说——尊者沙利查法军领袖反问：“听者雅玛卡，你以为色是否如来所观？否？”颜色、受、想、行、识，是否皆如来所观察？否？”以此方式逐层引导，尊者沙利查对尊者雅玛卡循序渐进追问，详尽展开后续法义。
Taṃ kiṃ maññasi āvuso yamaka, rūpaṃ, vedanaṃ, saññaṃ, saṅkhāre, viññāṇaṃ ‘tathāgato’ti samanupassasi–
“听者雅玛卡，你以为色、受、想、行、识是否如来所观？……
Vakkalisutta瓦卡离经
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena khandhavaggasaṃyutte theravagge pañcamaṃ vakkalisuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：『尊者，世尊……正自觉者，在蕴部联结中长老部第五经《瓦迦利经》从何处起首，于何事中说法？』
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantaṃ vakkaliṃ theraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante vakkalithero ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘cirapaṭikāhaṃ bhante bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamitukāmo, natthi ca me kāyasmiṃ tāvatikā balamattā, yāvatāhaṃ bhagavantaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkameyya’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘alaṃ vakkali, kiṃ te iminā pūtikāyena diṭṭhena, yo kho vakkali dhammaṃ passati, so maṃ passati, yo maṃ passati, so dhammaṃ passati. Dhammañhi vakkali passanto maṃ passati, maṃ passanto dhammaṃ passati. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi vakkali , rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰：『在王舍城，世尊开始对尊者瓦迦利长老说法。尊者瓦迦利长老身患疾病，苦恼不安，精神萎靡，曾对世尊言：「世尊，我长期以来渴望得见世尊面授法义，但我身无多少力量，无法亲近世尊。」对于此事，世尊言：「瓦迦利啊，你以何净明的眼观？瓦迦利，那个以净明眼见法者，即见我；见我者，即见法。在法中见瓦迦利，即见我；见我者，即见法。你以为瓦迦利，色法是常法或无常法？」世尊如是开示。』
‘‘Ahaṃ vakkali, kiṃ te iminā pūtikāyena diṭṭhena’’ –
『我啊瓦迦利，你以何净明眼观？』
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi vakkali, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ –
『你以为瓦迦利，色法是常法或无常法？』
Aniccaṃ bhante.
『无常也，世尊。』
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ, dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’–
『那无常者，是苦还是乐？』
Dukkhaṃ bhante.
世尊，这苦。
Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ ‘‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’–
若谓无常而是苦、变化之法，则怎能安住于此，心念‘这是我的，这个是我，我即是此我’呢？
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso punapi bhagavā bhikkhū pesetvā āyasmato vakkalittherassa paggahavacanaṃ ārocāpesi. Sopi kathaṃ attano pavattiṃ bhagavato paccārocāpesi. Kathañcassa abhisamparāyo ahosi.
问曰：请问尊者，世尊以比库遣使，自 Āyasmā Vakkali 长老处传达嘱托语时，如何启发他对自身行为的反观？此中缘由是怎样？
Vissajjanā – suṇāvuso tvaṃ vakkali bhagavato vacanaṃ dvinnañca devatānaṃ, imaṃ āvuso rattiṃ dve devatāyo abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ gijjhakūṭaṃ obhāsetvā yena
放逸者说：你听闻了吗，瓦卡利，此处世尊之语及两天众，今夜两天众聚集在知见山，终夜照耀全山。
Bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu, ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho āvuso ekā devatā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘vakkali bhante bhikkhu vimokkhāya cetetī’ti. Aparā devatā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘so hi nūna bhante suvimutto vimuccissatī’ti. Bhagavā ca taṃ āvuso vakkali evamāha ‘mā bhāyi vakkali, mā bhāyi vakkali, apāpakaṃ te maraṇaṃ bhavissati, apāpikā kālakiriyā’ti. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavā punapi bhikkhū pesetvā āyasmato vakkalittherassa paggahavacanaṃ ārocāpesi. Sopi bhante āyasmā tenahāvuso mama vacanena bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatha ‘‘vakkali bhante bhikkhu ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno, so bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatī’’ti, evañca vadetha ‘‘rūpaṃ aniccaṃ, tāhaṃ bhante na kaṅkhāmi, yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhanti navicikicchāmi, yadaniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, natthi me tattha chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃvāti na vicikicchāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavato attano pavattiṃ paccārocāpesi. So hi bhante āyasmā acirapakkantesu tesu bhikkhūsu satthaṃ āharitvā vedanaṃ vikkhambhetvā mūlakammaṭṭhānaṃ ādāya sampajāno arahattaṃ sacchikatvā kālamakāsi. Evaṃ kho bhante tassa āyasmato abhisamparāyo ahosi.
世尊由此进止，致敬后，默立一旁，乃有一天众向世尊说：“瓦卡利比库，为解脱而生清净心。”另一天众告世尊：“此比库已得究竟自在，必能解脱。”世尊对瓦卡利说：“毋恐慌，瓦卡利，毋恐慌，恶过之死难临于你，有善时终必至。”如是，世尊多次遣使传语 Āyasmā Vakkali 长老。长老应声以头顶礼佛足说：“瓦卡利比库，病苦身弱且痛苦，彼以佛足为敬。”如是复言：“色无常，我对此无疑；何为无常即是苦，何为无常苦即变异法，于心无疑，无贪无爱无迷惑。”云云，如是启示佛之行径。此 Āyasmā 于无多时聚集比库，传播佛法，缓解痛苦，取根本修道，具足正念，证阿拉汉果，作善所成。
Assajisutta阿沙基经
Pucchā – assajisuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：请问，阿沙基经中说，世尊从何处何因起修何法，且彼时如何开示？
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantaṃ assajiṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante assaji ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘pubbe khvāhaṃ bhante gelaññe passambhetvā passambhetvā kāyasaṅkhāre viharāmi, sohaṃ samādhiṃ nappaṭilabhāmi. Tassa mayhaṃ bhante taṃ samādhiṃ appaṭilabhato evaṃ hoti no cassāhaṃ parihāyāmī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘ye te assaji samaṇabrāhmaṇā samādhisārakā samādhisāmaññā, tesaṃ taṃ samādhiṃ appaṭilabhataṃ evaṃ hoti ‘no cassu mayaṃ parihāyāmā’ti. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi assaji, rūpaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答复说：在王舍城，有位尊者阿沙基比库受病之苦，忧愁苦恼，对世尊说：“以前，我常常于呕吐后心情安静下来，而于身心变化处安住，我却无法证得定境。世尊，这定境对我而言难以获得，正因如此，我也不曾舍弃它。”对此事，世尊说：“阿沙基，比库及婆罗门中，能够证得定境的，要么是证得见谛、究竟定谛者，但你对那定境无所获得，正如你言自己没有舍弃，此乃实相。你如何看待，阿沙基，色法是常住还是无常？”以此类言，世尊如是说。
Khemakasutta奎玛咖经
Pucchā – khemakasuttaṃ panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：关于吉祥经，尊者，何处开示，谈论何种内容，以何方式陈说？
Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ bhante sambahule there bhikkhū ārabbha āyasmatā khemakattherena bhāsitaṃ. Sambahulā bhante therā bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ dāsakaṃ pesetvā catukkhattuṃ āyasmantaṃ khemakaṃ ābādhikaṃ dukkhitaṃ bāḷhagilānaṃ gelaññakāraṇañca dhammañca pucchiṃsu , tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘pañcime āvuso upādānakkhandhā vuttā bhagavatā. Seyyathidaṃ, rūpupādānakkhandho vedanupādānakkhandho saññupādānakkhandho saṅkhārupādānakkhandho viññāṇupādānakkhandho, imesu khvāhaṃ āvuso pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu na kiñci attaṃ vā attaniyaṃ vā samanupassāmī’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā khemakattherena bhāsitaṃ.
答复说：在国桑比城，有尊者吉祥经比库多为长老们说法。众多长老比库派遣侍者四十人，问尊者吉祥经，为何其患病苦恼、烦闷？对此事，尊者告知：“世尊说，五种取蕴为根本，即色取蕴、受取蕴、想取蕴、行取蕴、识取蕴，我于这五种取蕴中，既无自我，也无他我者”。尊者吉祥经以此语解答诸位长老。
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha āyasmā khemako uttari dhammadesanaṃ pavaḍḍhetvā vitthārena therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ desesi. Kīdiso ca nesaṃ dhammadesakadhammappaṭiggāhakānaṃ dhammadesanāya ānisaṃso adhigato.
问曰：尊者吉祥，经如何增长后续正法说教，详尽为众长老比库演说？且其教导对那些承受教法者有何因缘？
Vissajjanā – catutthe bhante vāre āyasmā khemako ‘‘alaṃ āvuso dāsaka kiṃ imāya sandhāvanikāya, āharāvuso daṇḍaṃ, ahameva therānaṃ santikaṃ gamissāmī’’ti daṇḍamolubbha āyasmā khemako yena therā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā therehi bhikkhūhi pucchito ‘‘nakhvāhaṃ āvuso rūpaṃ asmīti vadāmi, napi aññatra rūpā asmīti vadāmi. Na khvāhaṃ āvuso vedanaṃ asmīti vadāmi, napi aññatra vedanā asmīti vadāmī’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmā khemako uttaripi dhammadesanaṃ pavaḍḍhetvā vitthārena desesi. Imasmiñca pana bhante veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne saṭṭhimattānaṃ therānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anupādāya āsavehi cittāni vimucciṃsu āyasmatoca khemakassa. Evaṃ kho bhante tesaṃ therānaṃ dhammadesakadhammappaṭiggāhakānaṃ dhammābhisamayo ahosi.
答复说：在第四周，尊者吉祥对侍者说：“来吧，为了这次会面，请带兵器，我将亲往长老们处。”持兵器尊者吉祥前往向长老们请教，问：“我所说‘色即是色’义，是否另有所指，还是唯有色即是色？我不言‘受即是受’，亦不言‘受即是受’。”尊者吉祥依此继续增进后续正法说道。此时尊者吉祥所作教义解释，使约六十名长老比库的心离分别执着，烦恼皆得解脱。尊者吉祥，因而于长老比库中教法获广泛认受。
Channasutta阐那经
Pucchā – channasuttaṃ panāvuso kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：关于被盖经，尊者，何处开示，谈论何种内容，以何方式宣说？
Vissajjanā – kosambiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ channattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante channatthero āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ovadatu maṃ āyasmā ānando, anusāsatu maṃ āyasmā ānando, karotu me āyasmā ānando dhammiṃ kathaṃ, yathāhaṃ dhammaṃ passeyya’’nti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘sammukhā me taṃ āvuso channa bhagavato sutaṃ, sammukhā paṭiggahitaṃ kaccānagottaṃ bhikkhuṃ ovadantassa, dvayanissito khvāyaṃ kaccāna loko yebhuyyena atthitañceva natthitañca, lokasamudayaṃ kho kaccāna yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya passato yā loke natthitā, sā na hotī’’ti evamādinā bhante āyasmatā ānandattherena dhammabhaṇḍāgārikena bhāsitaṃ.
讲述开始——尊敬的长老，尊敬的阿阇世长老巴萨曼尊者对尊敬的阿难尊者说道：“请阿难尊者教诲我，指示我吧，阿难尊者，请以法为我说，令我得见如何才是真正的法。”在这段经文中，说明有这样一件事情：“我眼前的这位长老尊者，名为长老萨伽那出身比库，是受戒时被善知识指导的。这个世间的人依赖于这两者（人身与法果），既有成就也有缺失。世间的起源，萨伽那长老以正智慧真实洞察，世间的不存在不存在的真理，皆非真如。”这样，尊敬的阿难长老以法器的身份宣讲这法义。
Ovadatu maṃ āyasmā ānando, anusāsatu maṃ āyasmā ānando.
请阿难尊者教诲我，指示我吧，阿难尊者。
Pupphasutta花经
Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… sammāsambuddhena khandhavaggasaṃyutte pupphavagge pupphasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
请问——尊敬的阿朋友，关于正觉佛所宣说的藏部集合中脉络章节的花类经（花经）是在哪里开始、以什么方式讲说的？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘nāhaṃ bhikkhave lokena vivadāmi, lokova mayā vivadati, na bhikkhave dhammavādī kenaci lokasmiṃ vivadati, yaṃ bhikkhave natthi sammataṃ loke paṇḍitānaṃ, ahampitaṃ ‘‘natthī’’ti vadāmi, yaṃ bhikkhave atthisammataṃ loke paṇḍitānaṃ, ahampitaṃ ‘‘atthī’’ti vadāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
讲述开始——尊敬的沙瓦提，有一次比库众多时开始讲说：“我并非与世间辩论，是世间与我辩论；我不是论法者，是有人在世间辩论；世间不存在为贤者所认可的事，我个人则说‘不存在’；世间存在为贤者所认可的事，我个人则称‘存在’。”世尊如此开示。
Nāhaṃ bhikkhave lokena vivadāmi.
我并非与世间辩论。
Na bhikkhave dhammavādī kenaci lokasmiṃ vivadati.
我不是论法者，是世间有人在辩论。
Pheṇapiṇḍūpamasutta泡沫团喻经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso pheṇapiṇḍūpamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：「尊者，请问世尊所说的泡沫团相喻法门是从何处开始讲述？内容如何？」
Vissajjanā – ayujjhāyaṃ bhante gaṅgāya nadiyā tīre sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘seyyathāpi bhikkhave ayaṃ gaṅgā nadī mahantaṃ pheṇapiṇḍaṃ āvaheyya, tamenaṃ cakkhumā puriso passeyya nijjhāyeyya yoniso upaparikkheyya, tassa taṃ passato nijjhāyato yoniso upaparikkhato rittakaññeva khāyeyya, tucchakaññeva khāyeyya, asārakaññeva khāyeyya, kiṃ siyā bhikkhave pheṇapiṇḍe sāro. Evameva kho bhikkhave yaṃ kiñci rūpaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ ajjhattaṃvā bahiddhā vā oḷārikaṃ vā sukhumaṃ vā hīnaṃ vā paṇītaṃ vā yaṃ dūre santike vā, taṃ bhikkhu passati nijjhāyati yoniso upaparikkhati, tassa taṃ passato nijjhāyato yoniso upaparikkhato rittakaññeva khāyati, tucchakaññeva khāyati, asārakaññeva khāyati, kiñhi siyā bhikkhave rūpe sāro’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释曰：「比库们，假若在河边众多比库聚集处，有人说：‘比库们，譬如这恒河水上漂浮着大量泡沫团，有智慧的人若眼见之，理智审察之，便会洞察其虚幻本质；见之即能深入明了，理智地细察，那泡沫团便如空无所有，毫无价值，无用无益无实质，其实质何在？’比库们，诸如过去未来现在现前的各种色相，无论内外、粗细、劣劣、善善、远近或亲近之色，若比库眼见，能深入理智细察，终究如空无实，无用无益无实体，诸色的实性何在？」世尊即如此开示。
Pheṇapiṇḍūpamaṃ rūpaṃ, vedanā pubbuḷupamā;
泡沫团喻色相，感受喻如水泡；
Marīcikūpamā saññā, saṅkhārā kadalūpamā;
知觉喻如火焰，行喻如波浪；
Māyūpamañca viññāṇaṃ, desitādiccabandhunā;
识亦喻如幻象，由觉行比库宣说；
Yathā yathā nijjhāyati, yoniso upaparikkhati;
无论何时深入理智地细察，必然洞察无实之理。
Rittakaṃ tucchakaṃ hoti, yo naṃ passati yoniso.
若不经过精严正思考观看，此物便成空虚无益之物。
Imañca kāyaṃ ārabbha, bhūripaññena desitaṃ;
从此身躯开始讲说，是以广大智慧所示现的；
Pahānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ dhammānaṃ, rūpaṃ passatha chaḍḍitaṃ.
观见应当断除之三法，即远离的色法，应观察弃舍的色法。
Āyu usmāca viññāṇaṃ, yadā kāyaṃ jahantimaṃ;
当舍弃此身时，乃舍弃寿命、热恼及识法；
Apaviddho tadā seti, parabhattaṃ acetanaṃ.
彼时已破坏此躯体，为无觉有之故，已成遗弃之体。
Etādisāyaṃ santāno, māyāyaṃ bālalāpinī;
如是一切世代，乃无智之幼子妄语虚妄之物。
Vadhako esa akkhāto, sāro ettha na vijjati.
『Vadhako』者，意为杀害者，此语虽言杀害，但于此处并无实质内容可得。
Evaṃ khandhe avekkheyya, bhikkhu āraddhavīriyo;
比库应当如是观察五蕴，发起精进勤奋。
Divā vā yadi vā rattiṃ, sampajāno paṭissato.
昼夜不论，唯当正知正念而内省。
Jaheyya sabbasaṃyogaṃ, kareyya saraṇattano;
应舍弃一切缠累，修习依止坚定不移。
Careyyādittasīsova, patthayaṃ accutaṃ padaṃ.
如同持着燃烧的火把，谨慎迈步不失前行道路。
Dutiyadhammakatikasutta第二法种类经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso dhammakathikavagge dutiyadhammakathikasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：尊者，在《法师品》第二法师经中，世尊自何处开端，讨论何等主题？其语如何？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññatamo bhante bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘dhammakathiko dhammakathikoti bhante vuccati, kittāvatā nu kho bhante dhammakathiko hoti, kittāvatā dhammānudhammappaṭipanno hoti, kittāvatā diṭṭhadhammanibbānappatto hotī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘rūpassa ce bhikkhu nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya dhammaṃ deseti, ‘dhammakathiko bhikkhū’ti alaṃ vacanāyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释义——在舍卫城，尊者对另一比库宣说此语。尊者说：『有一比库对世尊说：「法师，法师啊，世尊所谓法师，究竟有多广呢？法师所行法度广泛到何等程度？法师证得的现法涅槃又有多广大呢？」』对这问题，世尊以此事理说曰：『若比库因于色蕴生起厌离、离欲、灭尽，彼即为「比库中的法师」一语之正义。』以此文义，世尊如是说。
Sīlavantasutta, sutavantasutta具戒者经、多闻者经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi saṃgītaṃ sīlavantasuttañca sutavantasuttañca kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰——汝等！彼时以往之诸大长老，持有众多经典，所唱诵《戒律经》《听闻经》，其开始处何在？于何所事？凭何方法而宣说？
Vissajjanā – bārāṇasiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ mahākoṭṭhikaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante mahākoṭṭhiko sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sīlavatāvuso sāriputta bhikkhunā katame dhammā yoniso manasikātabbā. Sutāvatāvuso sāriputta bhikkhunā katame dhammā yoniso manasikātabbā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘sīlavatāvuso koṭṭhika bhikkhunā, sutāvatāvuso koṭṭhika bhikkhunā pañcupādānakkhandhā aniccato dukkhato rogato gaṇḍato sallato aghato ābādhato parato palokato suññato anattato yoniso manasikātabbā’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.
释义——在巴罗奈西，尊者对尊者摩诃寇提说法。尊者摩诃寇提于傍晚时分独处，尊者沙利耶那前来造访，前来已至，即对尊者沙利耶那说：「持戒之友沙利耶那比库应当正念观察何法？听法之友沙利耶那比库应当正念观察何法？」对此事理，尊者沙利耶那回答说：「持戒之友寇提比库，应当正念观察五取蕴皆为无常、苦、病、肿、疮、毒、侵扰、灭绝、空虚、无我。」世尊以此义理，于尊者沙利耶那为首的法军中说法。
Rādhasaṃyutta
【落火会章节】
Sattasutta七经
Pucchā – rādhasaṃyutte panāvuso dutiyaṃ sattasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰——《落火会》章节中，第二七偈，世尊自何处、关于何事、以何方法说法？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ rādhattheraṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante rādhatthero bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘satto sattoti bhante vuccati, kittāvatā nu kho bhante sattoti vuccatī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘rūpe kho rādha yo chando yo rāgo yā nandī yā taṇhā, tatra satto tatra visatto, tasmā sattoti vuccatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释义——在舍卫城，尊者对尊者落茶说法。尊者落茶问世尊：「所谓‘有’之谓也。世尊，可说‘有’者何等广大？」对此事理，世尊说：「色蕴中，所谓渴爱、贪欲、欢喜、渴求，彼为‘有’，其间亦有不净——是为有也。」以此理义，世尊说法。
Diṭṭhisaṃyutta
见相应
Soattāsutta索阿塔经
Pucchā – diṭṭhisaṃyutte panāvuso tatiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ soattā suttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：在见部中，尊者，此处《第三音乐自说经》是世尊从何处开始讲说、以何因缘而说的？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘kismiṃ nu kho bhikkhave sati kiṃ upādāya kiṃ abhinivissa evaṃ diṭṭhi uppajjati so attā so loko so pecca bhavissāmi nicco dhuvo sassato avipariṇāmadhammo’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰：尊者，在舍卫城，许多比库集会时，世尊开示说：『比库们，有何因缘，因何执著、何等固守，使得此种见解产生？此我、此世间，此后世将存常久不变、不灭无异，不变不乱，永恒不变法？』世尊如是开示。
Natthidinnasutta无施经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso pañcamaṃ natthidinnasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：尊者，同处地，尊者，此处《第五无所给予经》世尊从何处开始讲说、以何因缘而说的？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘kismiṃ nu kho bhikkhave sati kiṃ upādāya kiṃ abhinivissa evaṃ diṭṭhi uppajjati natthi dinnaṃ, natthi yiṭṭhaṃ, natthi hutaṃ, natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰：舍卫城内，许多比库集会时，世尊开示说：『比库们，有何因缘，因何执著、何等固守，使得此种见解产生：无所给予（无所供养）、无所胜过、无所听闻、无所善恶业果报之见，』世尊如是开示。
Okkantasaṃyutta
趣入相应
Cakkhusutta眼经
Pucchā – okkantasaṃyutte panāvuso paṭhamaṃ cakkhusuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰——在眼随处相关集内，尊者，请问《初转眼经》由世尊何处开始，如何宣说？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘cakkhuṃ bhikkhave aniccaṃ vipariṇāmi aññathābhāvi. Sotaṃ. Ghānaṃ. Jivhaṃ. Kāyo. Mano anicco vipariṇāmī aññathābhāvī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰——尊者，世尊在舍卫城时，多比库集会，开示道：“比库们，眼根是无常变异且变化无常的。耳根、鼻根、舌根、身根、意根亦是无常变异且变化无常的。”以此开端，世尊如此宣说。
Sāriputtasaṃyutta
沙利子相关集
Sucimukhīsutta苏吉穆奇经
Pucchā – sāriputtasaṃyutte panāvuso dasamaṃ sucimukhīsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kena kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰——在沙利子相关集内，尊者，请问《第十净面经》由何处开始，讲何主题，依何法门如何宣说？
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sucimukhiṃ paribbājikaṃ ārabbha āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ. Sucimukhī bhante paribbājikā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kiṃ nu kho samaṇa adhomukho bhuñjasī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘na khvāhaṃ bhagini adhomukho bhuñjāmī’’ti evamādinā paṭikkhipitvā ‘‘ye hi keci bhagini samaṇabrāhmaṇā vatthuvijjā tiracchānavijjāya micchājīvena jīvikaṃ kappenti, ime vuccanti bhagini samaṇabrāhmaṇā adhomukhā bhuñjantī’’ti evamādinā āyasmatā sāriputtattherena dhammasenāpatinā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰——尊者，此经在王舍城，由净面游方比库长老沙利子这位法军统帅开示。净面比库游方问尊者沙利子：“阿姊，何谓觉者之斜向堕落？”此处经文中，尊者答曰：“我绝不会堕入斜向之道者。”接着袒露说：“诸阿姊，比库、婆罗门中，若有以对法无知、邪见、邪业过活者，如此者谓之斜向堕落比库婆罗门。”这即是由沙利长老法军统帅所说。
Kiṃ nu kho samaṇa adho mukho bhuñjasi.
何谓觉者，你为何堕入斜向？
Na khvāhaṃ bhagini adhomukho bhuñjāmi.
不，我妹妹，我不食用下贱之物。
Tena hi samaṇa ubbhamukho bhuñjasi.
因此，沙门，你食用的是上品之物。
Na khvāhaṃ bhagini ubbhamukho bhuñjāmi.
不，我妹妹，我不食用上品之物。