Nidānavaggapāḷi · Nidānavaggapāḷi
Nidānavaggapāḷi因缘品巴利
Nidānasaṃyutta
因缘相应
Paṭiccasamuppādasutta缘起经
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena nidānavaggasaṃyutte paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ paṭiccasamuppādasuttaṃ kattha taṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰——尊者！世尊所说的正自觉者在因缘部类内第一首歌《缘起经》，于何处起首，属何主题，且以何种内容述说？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante pañcasate janapadavāsino bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Pañcasatā bhante janapadavāsino bhikkhū sabbe ugghāṭitaññuno dhutaṅgadharā āraddhavīriyā yuttayogā vipassakā saṇhaṃ sukhumaṃ suññataṃ paccayākāradhammadesanaṃ patthayamānā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā bhagavantaṃ parivāretvā nisīdiṃsu. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘paṭiccasamuppādaṃ vo bhikkhave desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha sādhukaṃ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
应答——尊者！在舍卫城五百居民的比库中，世尊开示法义。五百舍卫居民的比库皆具开悟之智、身净戒坚、精勤修行、内观明察，了知缘起法，洞察细微空性，在观缘法时，礼敬世尊，围绕世尊而坐。于此主题中，世尊告诫比库们：「比库们，我将为汝等说缘起法，汝等当闻受，善心思惟，我当说之。」如是，世尊于此主题中开示法义。
Katamo ca bhikkhave paṭiccasamuppādo. Avijjāpaccayā bhikkhave saṅkhārā, saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ (peyyāla) jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāsā sambhavanti, evametassa kevalassa dukkhandhassa samudayo hoti. Ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave paṭiccasamuppādo.
比库们，缘起为何？因无明而生行，因行而生识，因识而生生，因生而生老死、愁悲、苦恼、忧愁、恼恨。此即是痛苦俱足之缘起法之生起。比库们，此名缘起。
Avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodho saṅkhāranirodho (peyyāla) jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti, evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti –
唯有无明断尽，行断尽，识断尽，生无有，老死、愁悲、苦恼、忧恼皆断尽，如此痛苦聚集全然灭绝，如此痛苦聚集全然灭绝即是缘起法苦集的灭。
Vibhaṅgasutta分别经
Pucchā – tatthāvuso dutiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ vibhaṅgasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰——尊者！世尊所说第二首歌《分解经》，于何处起首，属何主题，且以何种内容述说？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante pañcasate janapadavāsino vipañcitaññuno bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Pañcasatā bhante janapadavāsikā bhikkhū vipañcitaññuno dhutaṅgadharā āraddhavīriyā yuttayogā vissakā saṇhaṃ sukhumaṃ suññatapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ paccayākāradhammadesanaṃ patthayamānā bhagavantaṃ parivāretvā nisīdiṃsu. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘paṭicca samuppādaṃ vo bhikkhave dedessāmi vibhajissāmi, taṃ suṇātha sādhukaṃ manasikarotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑者说：在舍卫城，尊者们，约有五百位乡村出身的比库，具足通达智慧，开始围绕着所演说的内容而谈论。他们是五百位乡村出生的比库，通达智慧，身披沐浴净衣，精神振奋，专注和和合合，心情安宁柔和，色空相应，宣说缘起法，依此对世尊阐述法义后，围绕着世尊而坐。于此情况下，世尊告知说：『比库们，我将为汝等略说缘起法，分别阐释，尔等宜善聆听，认真思惟，我当开示。』尊者如是开示。
Pañcaverabhayasutta五怖畏经
Pucchā – pañcaverabhayasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问者请教：尊者，此《五怖经》是在哪里，以何起首并以何种方式宣说？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante anāthapiṇḍikaṃ gahapatiṃ ārabbha ‘‘yato kho gahapati ariyasāvakassa pañca bhayāni verāni vūpasantāni honti, catūhi ca sotāpattiyaṅgehi samannāgato hoti, ariyo cassa ñāyo paññāya sudiṭṭho hoti suppaṭividdho, so ākaṅkhamāno attanāva attānaṃ byākareyya khīṇanirayomi khīṇatiracchānayoni khīṇapettivisayo khīṇāpāyaduggativinipāto, sotāpannohamasmi avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyano’’ti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑者说：在舍卫城，尊者！世尊开始说起给孤独长者时说：『因为此长者，圣弟子负担五恐怖之痛，恐怖消除，具足四种初果证具，圣者其智慧明了通达，善解互观，欲用自身指证自己，灭尽无余，灭绝烦恼根源，灭尽贪欲火坑之死苦，永断恶道苦果，彼是已成初果果位者，永断退转，定志正觉。』尊者，如是世尊所说。
Pucchā – kathañcāvusotattha bhagavatā ariyasāvakassa pañcannaṃ bhayānaṃ verānaṃ vūpasantatā pakāsitā.
问者请教：尊者！为何世尊于此，显露圣弟子已断五怖之恐怖消除？
Vissajjanā – ‘‘katamāni pañca bhayāni verāni vūpasantāni honti. Yaṃ gahapati pāṇātipātī pāṇātipātapaccayā diṭṭhadhammikampi bhayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, samparāyikampi bhayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, cetasikampi dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Pāṇātipātā ṭiviratassa evaṃ taṃ bhayaṃ veraṃ vūpasantaṃ hotī’’ti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā ariyasāvakassa pañcannaṃ bhayānaṃ verānaṃ vūpasantatā pakāsitā.
释疑者说：世尊说：『何谓此五恐怖之恐怖消除耶？即：若此长者为杀生者，则因杀生所生的此种恐怖得断；此法相成的恐怖得断；心识所感之苦不安亦断。杀生令此恐怖极重，此恐怖因而断。』尊者，世尊以如是语，显露圣弟子断五恐怖之恐怖消除。
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā ariyasāvakassa catūhi sotāpattiyaṅgehi samannāgatatā pakāsitā.
问者请教：尊者！为何世尊于此展示圣弟子已具备四种初果证具？
Vissajjanā – katamehi catūhi sotāpattiyaṅgehi samannāgato hoti. Idha gahapati ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti ‘‘itipiso bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaropurisadammasārathi satthādevamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’’ti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā ariyasāvakassa catūhi sotāpattiyaṅgehi samannāgatatā pakāsitā.
净除者——具备哪四种初果相呢？这里长者为圣弟子，依止觉者而具足，心无疑惑，具足敬信，谓曰：「如彼世尊，是阿拉汉，是正自觉者，具足智慧与行为，善逝，世间解脱者，最高人师，天人师，是世尊。」如是，尊者，在此由世尊所示，证圣弟子具足这四种初果相。
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā ariyasāvakena ariyassa ñāyassa paññāya sudiṭṭhatā suppaṭividdhatā pakāsitā.
问曰——尊者，世尊如何令圣弟子以正断慧、智慧通达而得彰显显现？
Vissajjanā – katamo cassa ariyo ñāyo paññāya sudiṭṭho hoti suppaṭividdho. Idha gahapati ariyasāvako paṭiccasamuppādaññeva sādhukaṃ yoniso manasi karoti ‘‘iti imasmiṃ sati idaṃ hoti, imasmiṃ asati idaṃ na hoti, imassuppādā idaṃ uppajjati, imassa nirodhā idaṃ nirujjhati, yadidaṃ avijjāpaccayā (peyyāla) evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī’’ti, evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā tattha ariyasāvakena ariyassa ñāyassa paññāya sudiṭṭhatā suppaṭividdhatā pakāsitā.
净除者——何者为圣者之智，得以智慧明了，甚觉明显？这里长者圣弟子，正思惟缘起智，理智善审慎念：「此处有，则此处有，非此处无，因起故有，因灭故无，唯此为愚痴缘起，故此苦蕴断尽。」如是，尊者，于此由圣弟子以正断慧、智慧通达而得彰显显现。
Yato kho gahapati ariyasāvakassa imāni pañca bhayāni verāni vūpasantāni honti. Imehi catūhi sotāpattiyaṅgehi samannāgato hoti. Ayañcassa ariyo ñāyo paññāya sudiṭṭho hoti suppaṭividdho–
因为呢，长者圣弟子断除五恐五戒，皆已净除，这四种初果相因而具足。其圣者之智，正断慧甚觉明显者，是——
Dukkhasutta苦经
Pucchā – dukkhasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰——尊者，世尊说苦谛法，于何处何方由何端起，说说教示？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dukkhassa bhikkhave samudayañca atthaṅgamañca desessāmī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
净除者——沙瓦提城，尊者阿难多比库众多聚集时，佛告：「比库们，我当说苦之集及灭道。」如是，世尊是时说已。
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā dukkhasamudayo pakāsito.
问曰：尊者，世尊在那里如何示现苦的集起？
Vissajjanā – katamo ca bhikkhave dukkhassa samudayo. Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso, phassapaccayā vedanā, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā. Ayaṃ kho bhikkhave dukkhassa samudayo. Sotañca paṭicca sadde ca uppajjati sotaviññāṇaṃ…pe… ghānañca paṭicca gandhe ca…pe… jivhañca paṭicca rase ca…pe… kāyañca paṭicca phoṭṭhabbe ca…pe… manañca paṭicca dhamme ca uppajjati manoviññāṇaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso, phassapaccayā vedanā, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā. Ayaṃ kho bhikkhave dukkhassa samudayoti evaṃkho bhante tattha bhagavatā dukkhassa samudayo pakāsito.
答曰：比库们，何为苦的集起？由于眼根与色缘合，生起眼识，三者聚合为触；因触而生受，因受生渴爱。此即比库们苦的集起。耳根与声缘生耳识……鼻根与香缘生鼻识……舌根与味缘生舌识……身根与触缘生身识……意根与法缘生意识，三者聚合为触，因触生受，因受生渴爱。于是尊者如此示现苦的集起。
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā dukkhassa atthaṅgamo pakāsito.
问曰：尊者，世尊在那里如何示现苦的灭？
Vissajjanā – katamo ca bhikkhave dukkhassa atthaṅgamo. Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso, phassapaccayā vedanā, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā, tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodhā upādānanirodho upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho, bhavanirodhā jātinirodho, jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotīti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā dukkhassa atthaṅgamo pakāsito.
答曰：比库们，何为苦的灭？由于眼根与色缘合，生起眼识，三者聚合为触，因触生受，因受生渴爱。正是由于此渴爱，渴爱的断尽、灭尽即是断除执着，断除执着即断除有，断除有即断除生，断除生即断除老死、忧伤悲痛苦恼磨难皆息灭。如此此单纯苦蕴断尽，正如是诸尊者示现苦的灭。
Puttamaṃsūpamasutta子肉譬喻经
Pucchā – puttamaṃsūpamasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：尊者，有一篇名为《子肉喻经》，尊者此经由何处起首，于何事上开说？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule adhunā pabbajite bhikkhū ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Bhagavato ca bhante bhikkhusaṅghassa ca mahālābhasakkāro udapādi, ekacce ca bhante bhikkhū navā acirapabbajitā kulaputtā āhāraṃ apaccavekkhitvā paribhuñjiṃsu. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘cattārome bhikkhave āhārā bhūtānaṃ vā sattānaṃ ṭhitiyā sambhavesīnaṃ vā anuggahāya. Katame cattāro kabaḷīkāro āhāro oḷāriko vā sukhumo vā phasso dutiyo manosañcetanā tatiyā viññāṇaṃ catuttha’’nti evaṃ kho bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰：沙瓦提城，尊者许多新近出家比库起首开说。此时世尊及比库僧团显现大好声誉，数位新近出家的贵族子弟因饮食不节而病。于此事上开说：“比库们，食物有四种，为众生之存在、稳固与生长之所依。何等四者呢？其一为坚硬的食物，其二为软滑的食物，其三为受触的食物，其四为心作用。"尊者如此宣说。
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha kabaḷīkārassa āhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro bhagavatā pakāsito.
问曰：「尊者，世尊于彼处如何为人所展现关于邪恶食物应当观察的相貌？」
Vissajjanā – seyyathāpi bhikkhave dve jāyampatikā parittaṃ sambalaṃ ādāya kantāramaggaṃ paṭipajjeyyuṃ. Tesamassa ekaputtako piyo manāpoti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā kabaḷīkārassa āhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro pakāsito.
回答曰：「比库们，譬如有二只幼骡子，带着它们的护卫，沿着坎坷之路行进。其间有一子受到疼爱，称谓其父，因此世尊在彼处宣说了邪恶食物应当观察的相貌。」
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā phassāhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro pakāsito.
问曰：「尊者，世尊于彼处如何为人所展现关于触觉食物应当观察的相貌？」
Vissajjanā – seyyathāpi bhikkhave gāvī niccammā kuṭṭaṃ ce nissāya tiṭṭheyya, ye kuṭṭanissitā pāṇā, te naṃ khādeyyuṃ. Rukkhaṃ ce nissāya tiṭṭheyya. Udakaṃ ce nissāya tiṭṭheyya. Ākāsaṃ ce nissāya tiṭṭheyya, ye ākāsanissitā pāṇā, te naṃ khādeyyunti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā phassassa āhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro vitthāretvā pakāsito.
回答曰：「比库们，譬如一头母牛若常年依附于牛棚之处，依附于棚的牛粪，牛便不食用此粪。依附于树木，依附于水，乃至天空，依附这些处所的虫类，牛亦不食用。以此喻义，世尊在彼处详尽阐述了触觉食物应当观察的相貌。」
Evameva khvāhaṃ bhikkhave phassāhāro daṭṭhabboti vadāmi.
如是，我亦说，比库们，触觉食物应当观察。」
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā manosañcetanāhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro pakāsito.
问曰：「尊者，世尊于彼处如何为人所展现关于心所意识食物应当观察的相貌？」
Vissajjanā – seyyathāpi bhikkhave aṅgārakāsu sādhikaporisā puṇṇā aṅgārānaṃ vītaccikānaṃ vītadhūmānaṃ. Atha puriso āgaccheyya jīvitukāmo amaritukāmo sukha kāmo dukkhappaṭikūloti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā manosañcetanāhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro vitthārena pakāsito.
消灭——比如说，诸比库，在点燃的炭火中，充满燃烧木炭的灰烬与烟尘。然后人来到这里，心怀生欲、无死欲、乐欲和苦逆欲。诸如此类，尊者，应当详尽阐明，由世尊对心意食的示现形态加以说明。
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā viññāṇāhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro pakāsito.
问曰——尊者，世尊在那里如何示现心识食的形态？
Vissajjanā – seyyathāpi bhikkhave coraṃ āgucāriṃ gahetvā rañño dasseyyuṃ ‘‘ayaṃ te devacoro āgucārī, imassa yaṃ icchasi, taṃ daṇḍaṃ paṇehī’’ti evamādinā bhante tattha bhagavatā viññāṇāhārassa daṭṭhabbākāro pakāsito.
消灭——比如说，诸比库，有人携带盗贼、行丧者去见国王，说：“这是你的天界盗贼，这个盗贼所欲之物，赐予你处以惩罚。”诸如此类，尊者，世尊在此示现心识食的形态。
Susimaparibbājakasutta苏西玛游方者经
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena susimaparibbājaka suttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰——尊者，世尊那位正觉游方僧苏悉摩的教法经文起于何处？属于何类？内容如何说说？
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantaṃ susimaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante susimo yāvatako bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ ahosi kathāsallāpo, taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavato ārocesi. Tasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ‘‘pubbe kho susima dhammaṭṭhitiñāṇaṃ, pacchā nibbāne ñāṇa’’nti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
消灭——那是在王舍城，尊者，针对长老苏悉摩开始讲说。长老苏悉摩与众比库共同修行，进行了对话，所有对话内容皆由世尊宣说。内容中说：“从前苏悉摩具有法坚固智，后来得知涅槃智。”诸如此类，尊者，世尊说说此类内容。
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavā āyasmato susimattherassa sampatiarahattapattassa anuyogavasena paṭipucchitvā paṭipucchitvā uttari dhammadesanaṃ vitthāretvā desesi.
问曰——尊者，世尊在那里追问追究长老苏悉摩提出的心得体会，详细阐释宣说后行进教导？
Vissajjanā – jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇanti susima passasīti. Evaṃ bhante. Bhavapaccayā jātīti susima passasīti. Evaṃ bhanteti evamādinā bhante bhagavā tattha āyasmato susimassa sampatiarahattapattassa uttaripi anuyogavasena paṭipucchitvā paṭipucchitvā vitthārato dhammaṃ desesi.
“消灭”者，即「因生而成，因死而灭」之意，称为「老死」是正觉者所见之实相。尊者如是说。又称「因有而生」，谓之「老死」是正觉者所见之实相。尊者如是称述。由此等开示，世尊在此，对寿命已尽、功德圆满的尊者所作教诲，乃依次详加询问，周密循序而广泛详细地阐述法义。
Tassa me bhante bhagavā accayaṃ accayato paṭiggaṇhātu āyatiṃsaṃvarāya–
世尊对我说：「愿汝接受此断灭，一以断尽，守护未来。」
Abhisamayasaṃyutta
【通达相应】
Nakhasikhāsutta爪尖经
Pucchā – abhisamayasaṃyutte panāvuso paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ nakhasikhāsuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：在通达相应部，尊者，请问，第一曲《指甲尖经》，世尊最初于何地何处演说，内容如何？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ, yo vāyaṃ mayā paritto nakhasikhāyaṃ paṃsuāropito, ayaṃ vā mahāpathavī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰：尊者，该经由沙瓦提众多比库始发，世尊以如下偈语宣说：『汝等比库当思，此孰为大？是我环绕于指甲尖尘埃之中，仍或此大地耶？』
Dhātusaṃyutta
【界相应】
Caṅkamasutta经行经
Pucchā – dhātusaṃyutte panāvuso caṅkamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：有关色法相应部汇集的游意经，尊者这是在何处、何时起首开讲，如何宣说的？
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dhātusova bhikkhave sattā saṃsandanti samenti, hīnādhimuttikā hīnādhimuttikehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samenti, kalyāṇādhimuttikā kalyāṇādhimuttikehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samentī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
说曰：大多数比库在王舍城时，从尊者处闻说：『比库们啊，有关色法，众生彼此聚合亲密，共相连接。贪欲心微弱者，彼此与微弱贪欲者一同结聚。善良心甚者，彼此与善良者同结聚。』尊者就这样说法。
Assaddhasaṃsandanasutta无信者相应经
Pucchā – assaddhasaṃsandanasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：有关非信心亲密相应部汇集的无信亲密经，尊者这是在哪儿、何时起首开讲，如何宣说的？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dhātusova bhikkhave sattā saṃsandanti samenti, assaddhā assaddhehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samenti, ahirikā ahirikehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samenti, anottappino. Appassutā. Kusītā. Muṭṭhassatino. Duppaññā duppaññehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samentī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
说曰：尊者在舍卫城时，于大多数比库面前开示：『比库们啊，有关色法，众生彼此结聚相联；无信者与无信者同结聚；无耻者与无耻者同结聚；无怖者，无洁者，心不自由者，与无智者与无智者同结聚。』尊者就如此宣说。
Anamataggasaṃyutta
无始部汇集
Pathavīsutta地经
Pucchā – anamataggasaṃyutte āvuso dutiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ pathavīsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：无始部汇集中，尊者第二首唱的土地经，是在哪处、何时起首开讲，如何宣说的？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave saṃsāro, pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Seyyathāpi bhikkhave puriso imaṃ mahāpathaviṃ kolaṭṭhimattaṃ kolaṭṭhimattaṃ mattikāguḷikaṃ karitvā nikkhipeyya ‘ayaṃ me piyā, tassa me pitu ayaṃ pitā’ti. Apariyādinnāva bhikkhave tassa purisassa pitupitaro assu. Athāyaṃ mahāpathavī parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gaccheyya. Taṃ kissahetu, anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave saṃsāro, pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhā saṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ’’ evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
流转者——世尊说：在舍卫城，众多比库开始说：『比库们，这无始以来的轮回，过去无量劫难以穷尽，无明之蔽惑众生，其渴爱之缠缚无断绝，循环流转不停息。譬如，比库们，有人用泥土团团结实制成泥丸，逐一丢掷，以『这是我所爱，这是我的父亲』这样执著。彼人固执不改，他的父祖在彼处。于是这大地将被耗尽销毁。为何？因这无始以来的轮回，过去无量劫，众生在无明障蔽中流转，渴爱之缠缚未断，仍旧轮回流转。』佛陀如是宣说。
Evaṃ dīgharattaṃ vo bhikkhave dukkhaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ tibbaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ byasanaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ kaṭasī vaḍḍhitā.
比库们，长期以来，你们承受了剧烈的苦难，体验了强烈的痛苦，遭受了深重的灾难，恶业不断增加。
Alameva sabbasaṅkhāresu nibbindituṃ,
疲惫而厌倦于一切有为法，洒脱地厌弃一切，
Alaṃ virajjituṃ, alaṃ vimuccituṃ,
自由地离欲、解脱，
Assusutta泪经
Pucchā – tatthāvuso tatiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ assusuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：友，第三段经文是听佛说在何处、何时开始、如何开说的呢？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahuleyeva bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ, yaṃ vā vo iminā dīghena addhunā sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ amanāpasampayogā manāpavippayogā kandantānaṃ rodantānaṃ assu passannaṃ paggharitaṃ, yaṃ vā catūsu mahāsamuddesu udaka’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
流转者——世尊说：在舍卫城，众多比库开始说：『比库们，你们以为什么呢？哪种轮回最多？是这样的：近来长期不断的轮回，聚合厌离断绝的反面，充满苦恼者，哭泣者，哀叹者，悲伤者，以及在四大海中之水。』佛陀如是宣说。
Sāsapasutta芥子经
Pucchā – tatthāvuso chaṭṭhaṃ saṃgītaṃ sāsapasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：「尊者，世尊所作《六种音乐》的梵语偈颂，是从哪里起始？在什么章节中？以何种内容而说？」
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kīvadīgho nu kho bhante kappo’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘dīgho kho bhikkhu kappo, so na sukaro saṅkhātuṃ ettakāni vassāni itivā, (peyyāla) ettakāni vassasatasahassāni itivāti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰：「尊者，此偈是佛陀于沙瓦提，针对一位比库开示的。有一位比库曾对世尊言：‘尊者，这个时期真的是漫长无比。’此事即在所问章节中，佛陀说：‘这位比库真是岁月漫长，他非易数。为何？以现在为例，他至少经历数百乃至数万圣劫。’
Gaṅgāsutta恒河经
Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… sammāsambuddhena anamataggasaṃyutte gaṅgāsuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：「尊者，正自觉者所说无比圣劫相续汇聚的《恒河经》，是从哪里起始？在什么章节中？以何种内容而说？」
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante aññataraṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘kīva-
答曰：「尊者，佛陀于王舍城，面向一位婆罗门开示。有一位婆罗门曾对世尊言：‘迦牟尼，许多劫时已经过去并超越了。’此事即在所问章节中，世尊说：‘许多婆罗门劫时已过去且超越，他们非易数。说‘多少劫’或‘多少百劫’，乃至‘多少千劫’、‘多少千百劫’，都无法确数。’
Bahukā nu kho bho gotama kappā abbhatītā atikkantā’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘bahukā kho brāhmaṇa kappā abbhatītā atikkantā, te na sukarā saṅkhātuṃ ‘ettakā kappā’ iti vā ‘ettakāni kappasatāni’ iti vā ‘ettakāni kappasahassāni’ itivā ‘ettakāni kappasatasahassāni’ iti vā’’ti eva mādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
（前后文续）
Puggalasutta人经
Pucchā – puggalasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：「尊者，世尊说《诸人经》，是从哪里起始？在什么章节中？以何种内容而说？」
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave saṃsāro, pubbākoṭi na paññāyati avijjā nīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Ekapuggalassa bhikkhave kappaṃ sandhāvato saṃsarato siyā evaṃ mahā aṭṭhikaṅkalo aṭṭhipuñjo aṭṭhirāsi, yathā yaṃ vepullo pabbato. Sace saṃhārako assa, sambhatañca na vinassetyā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑者曰：在王舍城，尊者众多比库集会时，开始开示说：「比库们，这轮回是无有始际的，早期无数的世代都未曾觉察。无明蔽盖着众生，渴爱缠绕着众生，使他们不断轮回流转。若论个人，比库们，在这漫长周而复始的轮回中，犹如一大堆坚硬的骨块石堆，比喻如高耸的巨峰。如果那里有毁灭者，但集结者不灭，则这苦难之堆还存在。」——此等即为世尊所开示之言。
Duggatasutta, sukhitasutta苦者经、乐者经
Pucchā – tatthāvuso duggatasuttañca sukhitasuttañca bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问者问曰：尊者，关于恶趣与善趣的法门，世尊在何处、从何处起开示，又如何开示？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave saṃsāro, pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Yaṃ bhikkhave passeyyātha duggataṃ durūpetaṃ, niṭṭhamettha gantabbaṃ ‘amhehipi evarūpaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ iminā dīghena addhunā’ti, yaṃ bhikkhave passeyyātha sukhitaṃ susajjitaṃ,
释疑者曰：在舍卫城，尊者众多比库集会时，开始开示说：「比库们，这轮回是无始的，早劫未觉知。无明迷蔽众生，渴爱缠绕众生，使他们轮回不息。比库们，若观此轮回中所谓恶道，是丑陋苦恼的，应当断除远离，我们必须去彼处停止此苦；此外，若观此轮回中所谓善道，是安乐清净的，
Niṭṭhamettha gantabbaṃ, ‘‘amhehipi paccanubhūtaṃ iminā dīghena addhunā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
应当断除远离，我们必须去彼处停止此乐。」——此等即为世尊所开示之言。
Tiṃsamattasutta三十经
Pucchā – tiṃsamattasuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问者问曰：尊者，关于三恶趣法门，世尊是在哪里、从何处开始开示，又如何开示？
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante tiṃsamatte pāveyyake bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave saṃsāro, pubbākoṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ, yaṃ vā vo iminā dīghena addhunā sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ sīsacchinnānaṃ lohitaṃ passannaṃ paggharitaṃ, yaṃ vā catūsu mahāsamuddesu udaka’’nti evamādinā bhavagatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑者曰：在王舍城，尊者三十三位优婆塞聚集时，开始开示说：「比库们，这轮回是无始无尽的，早劫未觉知。无明遮蔽众生，渴爱缠绕众生，使他们轮回不息。比库们，你们看哪，那些被割断头颅、溅满鲜血、惊惶恐怖的众生，或在四大海中漂流的众生，这究竟是哪个更甚？这是世尊如此开示。」
Mātusutta母经
Pucchā – mātusuttādīni panāvuso chasuttāni bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：尊者，关于母系族等之族姓，世尊从何处何时开始宣说，又以何种说法？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘anamataggoyaṃ bhikkhave saṃsāro, pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sandhāvataṃ saṃsarataṃ. Na so bhikkhave satto sulabharūpo, yo na mātābhūtapubbo iminā dīghena addhunā. Yo na pitābhūtapubbo. Yo na bhātābhūtapubbo. Yo na bhaginibhūtapubbo. Yo na puttabhūtapubbo. Yo na dhītābhūtapubbo iminā dīghena addhunā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰：尊者，世尊在祇树给孤独园时，于众多比库前开示说：“比库们，无始以来轮回流转恒常未曾断绝，生生世世无明烦恼的众生所缠绕、所牵连。此众生非轻易成就者，而是现在已经有父母、兄弟姐妹、子女等者。”世尊如是开示。
Kassapasaṃyutta
《咖萨帕相应经》
Candūpamasutta月喻经
Pucchā – kassapasaṃyutte panāvuso candūpamasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：在《咖萨帕相应经》中，尊者，世尊从何处何时开始对比库宣讲《如月比喻经》，又以何种说法？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘candūpamā bhikkhave kulāni upasaṅkamatha apakasseva kāyaṃ apakassa cittaṃ niccanavakā kulesu appagabbhā. Seyyathāpi bhikkhave puriso jarudapānaṃ vā olokeyya pabbatavisamaṃ vā nadīviduggaṃ vā apakasseva kāyaṃ apakassa cittaṃ. Evameva kho bhikkhave candūpamā kulāni upasaṅkamatha apakasseva kāyaṃ apakassa cittaṃ niccanavakā kulesu appagabbhā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰：尊者，世尊在祇树给孤独园时，于众多比库前开示说：“比库们，如月光普照众家族，如同轻风吹拂身体与心，使之清凉柔和，族群之内无纷争。譬如有人远望山岳崎岖、河川湍急，身体心意却安然宁静。比库们，如月之光普照各家族，使身体心意清凉温和，族群无纷争。”世尊如是开示。
Taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, kathaṃ rūpā bhikkhu arahati kulāni upasaṅkamituṃ.
你们应当思惟，比库们，何以比库能够以如月之普照，清凉柔和之相去亲近族群？
Pucchā – kathañcāvuso tattha bhagavatā parisuddhāparisuddha dhammadesanaṃ dassetvā bhikkhūnaṃ ovādo dinno.
询问说——『尊者，世尊在那里宣说了清净与不清净的教法，且给予比库们开示。』
Vissajjanā – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, kathaṃ rūpassa bhikkhuno aparisuddhā dhammadesanā hoti, kathaṃ rūpassa bhikkhuno parisuddhā dhammadesanā hotī’’ti evamādinā parisuddhāparisuddhadhammadesanā vitthārato dassetvā ‘‘kassapena vā hi vo bhikkhave ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabba’’nti. Evaṃ kho bhante bhagavato bhikkhūnaṃ ovādo dinno.
释疑说——『比库们，你们应当思惟：比库对于色法，何以会有不清净的教法？如何色法的教法是清净的？』如此详细宣说清净与不清净的教法后，于是说：『我将由咖萨巴向你们开示，或有与咖萨巴相似者，皆当随开示法真实修行。』如此尊者确实给予比库们教诫。
Yo hi koci bhikkhave bhikkhu evaṃcitto paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti ‘‘aho vata me dhammaṃ suṇeyyuṃ, sutvā ca pana dhammaṃ pasīdeyyuṃ, pasannā ca me pasannākāraṃ kareyyuṃ–
如果有比库，内心如此，向他人宣说法说曰：『啊，我当听闻世尊之法，听已当欢喜，欢喜已当生欢喜之容；』
Svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehi passiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhi–
世尊所宣之法，本自善说、当观、亲证、即时，周遍明了，明者具足，内证得知。
Kassapena vā hi vo bhikkhave ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabbaṃ–
我将由咖萨巴向你们开示，或有与咖萨巴相似者，皆当随开示法真实修行。
Kulūpakasutta家访经
Pucchā – tenāvuso bhagavatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena kassapasaṃyutte catutthaṃ kulūpakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
询问说——『尊者，世尊在与正觉合会时，于第四部族起首经中，所从何处起讲，讲说何种内容？』
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, kathaṃ rūpo bhikkhu arahati kulūpako hotuṃ, kathaṃ rūpo bhikkhu na arahati kulūpako hotu’’nti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释尊于舍卫国时，众比库多起问说：『比库们，你们看这如何？比库何以不应当成为世家子弟的随顺者？比库如何不适于成为世家子弟的随顺者？』世尊即以此为由而说法。
Kassapena vā hi vo bhikkhave ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabbaṃ.
我以咖萨巴为师，比库们，你们当依从所教，以真正如实的佛法修习实践。
Dutiya ovādasutta第二教诫经
Pucchā – tatthevāvuso bhagavatā dutiya ovādasuttaṃ kattha kena saddhiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：尊者啊，世尊第二次教示的圣法经文，是于何处、与谁、如何共同说出？
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmatā mahākassapena saddhiṃ ‘‘ovada kassapa bhikkhū, karohi kassapa bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ, ahaṃ vā kassapa bhikkhū ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā, ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
舍卫城时，世尊与长老大咖萨巴同在，说：『咖萨巴比库们，汝当以何法教化咖萨巴比库？我当示汝以咖萨巴比库法，或汝为我示教，或我为汝示教，应如何实行比库法？』世尊即以此语教示。
Yassa kassaci bhante saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī natthi. Ottappaṃ natthi. Vīriyaṃ natthi. Paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu.
若一个人无于善法生信心，无羞耻，无恐怖，无精进，无智慧，则不能行善法。
Tatiya ovādasutta第三教诫经
Pucchā – tatthevāvuso bhagavatā tatiyaovādasuttaṃ kattha kena saddhiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：尊者啊，世尊第三次教示的圣法经文，于何处、与谁、如何共同说出？
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmatāyeva mahākassapena saddhiṃ ‘‘ovada kassapa bhikkhū. Karohi kassapa bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ, ahaṃ vā kassapa bhikkhū ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā. Ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammaṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
应答说——在王舍城，尊者大咖萨巴与世尊同在时说：『大咖萨巴比库，请教诲比库们。咖萨巴比库，应如何宣说比库们的法？是我来宣说比库们的法，还是您来？又或者我和您各自宣说比库们的法，此当如何？』世尊便以此方式说道。
Dubbacā kho bhante etarahi bhikkhū dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā akkhamā appadakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsaniṃ–
如今，比库们实难相处，他们因说法时言语不顺，缺乏承接，规矩懈怠，故此教诲他们困难重重——
Saddhammappatirūpakasutta相似正法经
Pucchā – tatthevāvuso bhagavatā pariyosānaṃ saddhammappatirūpakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：世尊，诚宿大德，所说正法终结之相应经，始于何处？为何所缘？以何法而说？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃyeva mahākassapaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante mahākassapo bhagavantaṃ etadevoca ‘‘ko nu kho bhante hetu ko paccayo, yena pubbe appatarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni ahesuṃ, bahutarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahiṃsu. Ko pana bhante hetu ko paccayo, yenetarahi bahutarāni ceva sakkhāpadāni appatarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahantī’’ti. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘evañcetaṃ kassapa hoti sattesu hāyamānesu saddhamme antaradhāyamāne bahutarāniceva sikkhāpadāni honti, appatarāca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahantī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
应答说——在舍卫城，尊者大咖萨巴首先展开教说。尊者大咖萨巴对世尊而说：『世尊啊，何因何缘，以前较少的戒律规矩得以建立，故多比库遵守；但何因何缘，如今众多的戒律规矩反而减少了，比库中许多人不了解而相违抗？』世尊便针对此事告知：『正如此，大咖萨巴，诸多比库在修习正法时渐渐消失，许多戒律规矩虽存，然而较少的比库反而相互违抗。』世尊便以此语说法。
Lābhasakkārasaṃyutta
「利得敬重」章节
Mīḷhakasutta愚痴经
Pucchā – tenāvuso…pe… sammāsambuddhena lābhasakkāraṃyutte pañcamaṃ saṃgītaṃ mīḷhakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：尊宿，关于正觉者所说的「利得敬重」系列中的第五首歌——贪欲歌经，始于何处？为何所缘？以何法而说？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dāruṇo bhikkhave lābhasakkārasiloko pharuso antarāyiko anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya. Seyyathāpi bhikkhave mīḷhakā gūthādī gūthapūrā puṇṇā gūthassa, purato cassa mahāgūthapuñjo, sā tena aññā mīḷhakā atimaññeyya ‘‘ahamhi gūthādī gūthapūrā puṇṇā gūthassa, purato ca myāyaṃ mahāgūthapuñjo’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
灭除者——在舍卫城，尊者们多聚时，有比库发起说：“比库们，贪恋利养名誉的世俗人，是严酷的、暴虐的、阻碍他人取得无上安稳的存在。譬如蜜蜂满载蜂巢，蜂巢充满蜜浆，蜂巢前又聚积大群蜜蜂，他以此认为至高无上，心中称赞自己：‘我就是这满载蜂巢的蜜蜂啊，前方是这大群蜂蜜的蜂巢。’世尊即以此喻示。”
Taṃ hi tassa bhikkhave moghapurisassa hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya.
这正是那贪恋利养名誉的世俗人，长久存在，导致有害与苦恼。
Evaṃ dāruṇo kho bhikkhave lābhasakkārasiloko.
由此可知，比库们，贪恋利养名誉的世俗人，确实是严酷的。
Tasmātiha bhikkhave evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ, ‘‘uppannaṃ lābhasakkārasi lokaṃ pajahissāma, na ca no uppanno lābhasakkārasiloko cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassabhī’’ti, evañhi kho bhikkhave sikkhitabbaṃ.
因此，比库们，正应如此受教：‘应断除显现的贪恋利养名誉的世俗人，勿使起贪恋利养名誉的心在心中生起’，确当如此受教。
Ekaputtakasutta独子经
Pucchā – tattho āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakehi saṃgītaṃ ekaputtakasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbhaṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问——尊者，请问，当初古老的法集持守者，以歌唱形式宣说独生子经，是在哪里、由谁发起、如何说的？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dāruṇo bhikkhave lābhasakkārasiloko kaṭuko pharuso antarāyiko anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya, saddhā bhikkhave upāsikā ekaputtakaṃ piyaṃ manāpaṃ evaṃ sammāāyācamānā āyāceyya tādiso tāta bhavāhi, yādiso citto ca gahapati hatthako ca āḷavako’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
灭除者——在舍卫城，尊者们多聚时，有比库发起说：“比库们，贪恋利养名誉的世俗人，是严酷的、暴虐的、阻碍他人取得无上安稳的存在。信女比库尼若誓愿以独生子为所爱所悦者，诚心恳请，应当成为此等人。诸位丈夫、农夫及阿拉维国人皆当如此。”世尊即以此喻示。
Esā bhikkhave tulā etaṃ pamāṇaṃ mama sāvakānaṃ upāsakānaṃ yadidaṃ citto ca gahapati hatthako ca āḷavako.
比库们，这就是我的弟子们、在家男居士和女居士的标准尺度，即包括丈夫、户主和阿拉维的人。
Sace kho tvaṃ tāta agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajasi, tādiso tāta bhavāhi, yādisā sāriputtamoggallānā.
如果你舍亲啊，从有家人转为无家出家者，那么你应当成为那种人，和沙利子、摩嘎剌那一样。
Mā ca kho tvaṃ tāta sekhaṃ appattamānasaṃ lābhasakkārasiloko anupāpuṇātu–
但切莫啊，舍亲，得不到对学者受戒者应有的尊敬与信赖。
Evaṃ dāruṇo bhikkhave lābhasakkārasiloko kaṭuko pharuso antarāyiko anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya.
比库们，如此残酷的、得不到尊敬与信赖的世间，必定是苦辣、粗乱、阻碍性的，难以获得无上的安全。
Ekavītusutta唯一织工经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāyakehi saṃgītaṃ ekadhītusuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
提问者问道：尊敬的长者，世尊在过去集聚众多法义者之地，唱诵的《单一女儿经》，是在哪里开始讲说的？讲说方式如何？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘dāruṇo bhikkhave lābhasakkārasiloko kaṭuko pharuso antarāyiko anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya. Saddhā bhikkhave upāsikā ekaṃ dhītaraṃ piyaṃ manāpaṃ evaṃ sammā āyācamānā āyāceyya ‘tādisā ayye bhavāhi, yādisā khujjuttarā ca upāsikā veḷukaṇḍakiyā ca nandamātā’ti. Esā bhikkhave tulā etaṃ pamāṇaṃ mama sāvikānaṃ upāsikānaṃ, yadidaṃ khujjuttarā ca upāsikā veḷukaṇḍakiyā ca nandamātā’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答复者说：尊敬的法师，在舍卫城，多数比库开始讲述『比库们，如此残酷的得不到尊敬与信赖的世间，苦辣、粗暴、阻碍性，难以获得无上的安全。比库们的女居士中，信心者若求请一位女儿，应该请求这位尊敬的长者成为这般（的相貌），就是和玉顾女居士、泥坷秸女居士，及南达母亲同类的。“这就是我弟子们、女居士们的标准尺度，即包括玉顾女居士、泥坷秸女居士，以及南达母亲。”』诸如此类，尊敬的世尊即以此语说。
Sace kho tvaṃ ayye agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajasi, bhādisā ayye bhavāhi, yādisā khemā ca bhikkhunī uppalavaṇṇā ca–
比库尼，假如尊者你从家出家断除俗务后，将成为正具持戒的比库尼，并且具备安稳的特质及纯洁美好之色相。
Tasmātiha bhikkhave evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ.
因此，比库们，当悉心修习此法，不可懈怠。
Rāhulasaṃyutta
罗睺罗相应篇
Pucchā – rāhulasaṃyuttaṃ panāvuso bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
请问：尊者，罗睺罗相应篇是从何处开始，以何内容起初说法的？
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante āyasmantaṃ rāhulaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante rāhulo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca ‘‘sādhu me bhante bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti, tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññasi rāhula, cakkhuniccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vāti. Aniccaṃ bhante. Yaṃ panāniccaṃ, dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vāti. Dukkhaṃ bhante. Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ ‘etaṃ mama, eso hamasmi, eso me attā’ti. No hetaṃ bhante’’ti evamādinā bhante bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
回答：尊者，罗睺罗相应篇始于舍卫城中尊者罗睺罗。尊者罗睺罗曾对世尊说：“世尊啊，请为我简要宣说法义，我愿听闻佛陀教法后保持独处，勤勉用功，精进不懈。”对此语境，世尊宣说：“你以为何解，罗睺罗？诸法是常住还是无常？”罗睺罗答言：“尊者，是无常。”世尊又说：“既然是无常，诸法是苦乐吗？”罗睺罗答言：“尊者，是苦。”世尊继续：“既无常且苦又常变易，难道可执着‘这是我的，这就是我的，我是这个’诸念吗？”罗睺罗答言：“不，尊者，不可。”世尊以此次第智慧训诲如是宣说。
Lakkhaṇasaṃyutta
拉卡那相应
Aṭṭhisutta骨经
Pucchā – lakkhaṇasaṃyutte panāvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakattherehi paṭhamaṃ saṃgītaṃ aṭṭhisuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：尊者，关于诸相相具的古德比库们的收集者们所述，世尊所说的第一首歌颂《八经》中，起于何处？讲述何因何事？如何表达？
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantañca lakkhaṇaṃ āyasmantañca mahāmoggallānaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante lakkhaṇo bhagavatā sammukhe āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ etadavoca ‘‘idhāyasmā mahāmoggallāno gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto aññatarasmiṃ padese sitaṃ pātvākāsi, ko nu kho āvuso moggallāna hetu, ko paccayo sitassa pātukammāyā’’ti. Āyasmā ca bhante mahāmoggallāno ‘‘idhāhaṃ āvuso gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto addasaṃ aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantiṃ’’ti evamādinā ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘cakkhubhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, ñāṇabhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, yatrahi nāma sāvako evarūpaṃ ñassati vā dakkhati vā sakkhiṃ vā karissatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰：在王舍城，尊敬的长老和尊敬的大摩嘎剌那起初论述了诸相相具。长老，诸相由世尊在面前告诉尊敬的大摩嘎剌那时说：“这里，尊敬的大摩嘎剌那，当你从吉吉哈库塔山下山时，看到某处有冰雪结成，哪个是冰雪产生的原因？又因什么缘故才结成？”尊敬的大摩嘎剌那答说：“我当时从吉吉哈库塔山下山，看见有石链悬挂飞舞。”这样陈述。在此事物中，世尊说：“沙门们，以眼为根本生慧，沙门们，以慧为根本生慧，确实，当弟子见此或识此或为之作证时，彼等乃具此慧。”
Acchariyaṃ vata bho, abbhutaṃ vata bho;
真是奇妙呵，真是不可思议呵，
Evarūpopi nāma satto bhavissati.
确有此类生命将来会存在。
Piṇḍasutta肉团经
Pucchā – tenāvuso jānatā…pe… sammāsambuddhena lakkhaṇasaṃyutte tatiyaṃ saṃgītaṃ piṇḍasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：尊者，关于诸相相具乃正觉所说的第三首歌颂《饼经》中，起于何处？讲述何因何事？如何表达？
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantañca lakkhaṇaṃ āyasmantañca mahāmoggallānaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante lakkhaṇo bhaggavato sammukhe āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ etadavoca ‘‘idhāyasmā mahāmoggallāno gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto aññatarasmiṃ padese sitaṃ pātvākāsi , ko nukho āvuso moggallānahetu, ko paccayo sitassa pātukammāyā’’ti. Āyasmā ca bhante mahāmoggallāno ‘‘idhāhaṃ āvuso gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto addasaṃ maṃsapiṇḍaṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantaṃ, tamenaṃ gijjhāpi kākāpi kulalāpi anupatitvā anupatitvā vitacchenti virājenti. Sā sudaṃ aṭṭassaraṃ karotī’’ti evamādinā ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘cakkhubhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, ñāṇabhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, yatrahi nāma sāvako evarūpaṃ ñassati vā dakkhati vā sakkhiṃ vā karissatī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰：在王舍城，尊敬的长老和尊敬的大摩嘎剌那起初论述诸相相具。长老，诸相由正觉在面前告诉尊敬的大摩嘎剌那时说：‘这里，尊敬的大摩嘎剌那，当你从吉吉哈库塔山下山时，看到某地有冰雪结成，哪个是原因？何故冰雪结成？’尊敬的大摩嘎剌那答说：‘我从吉吉哈库塔山下山时，看到有肉团脱落飞舞，连青蛙、乌鸦和陶工都跟随着，不断来去，纷乱炫耀。彼今乃作八声（歌声）此类陈说。’在这事物中，世尊说：‘沙门们，以眼为根源生慧，沙门们，以慧为根源生慧，确实，当弟子见此或识此或作证时，彼“具此慧”。’
Asilomasutta剑毛经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakehi mahātherehi saṃgītaṃ asilomasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：尊者，诸古老的法汇集长老们曾问，世尊以何处为何时为起点，于何种情境中说唱这段鸡皮疙瘩经？
Vissajjanā – rājagahe bhante āyasmantañca lakkhaṇaṃ āyasmantañca mahāmoggallānaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante lakkhaṇo bhagavato sammukhe āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ etadavoca ‘‘ko nu kho āvuso moggallāna hetu, ko paccayo sitassa pātukammāyā’’ti. Āyasmā ca bhante mahāmoggallānatthero ‘‘idhāhaṃ āvuso gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto addasaṃ asilomaṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantaṃ’’ti evamādinā ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ cakkhubhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, ñāṇabhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti. (Peyyāla) eso bhikkhave satto imasmiṃyeva rājagahe sūkariko ahosī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答曰：大尊者，此经是在王舍城，于长寿尊者与大摩嘎剌那尊者面前启讲。长寿尊者问：尊者，摩嘎剌那的本缘为何？什么是他发作胃病的因缘？大摩嘎剌那尊者答曰：『我曾见到他自吉甲库塔山上下来时，皮肤鸡皮疙瘩般发起寒气。』如是而述。此时，弟子们已具眼识，具智慧，确实存在于此处。世尊亦言：『此处，王舍城的猪贼便是此体。』
Sūcilomasutta针毛经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi saṃgītaṃ sūcilomasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问曰：尊者，诸古老的法汇集长老们曾问，世尊以何处为何时为起点，于何种情境中说唱这段鸡毛竖起经？
Vissajjanā – tattheva bhante rājagahe āyasmantañca lakkhaṇaṃ āyasmantañca mahāmoggallānaṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Āyasmā bhante lakkhaṇo bhagavato sammukhe tatheva avoca.
答曰：在王舍城，于长寿尊者与大摩嘎剌那尊者面前启讲。长寿尊者于世尊面前问此迹象。
Āyasmā ca bhante mahāmoggallāno tatheva ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘cakkhubhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, ñāṇabhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti, (peyyāla) eso bhikkhave satto imasmiṃyeva rājagahe sūto ahosī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitā.
大摩嘎剌那尊者于是说：此处弟子们已成具眼识，具智慧，（世尊）言：『此处，王舍城的猪贼即为此体。』如是而述。
Pāpabhikkhusutta恶比库经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi saṃgītāni pāpabhikkhusuttādīni pañcasuttāni bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kismiṃ vatthusmiṃ kathañca bhāsitāni.
问曰：尊者，诸古老的法汇集长老们曾问，世尊于何处为何时，为何在何种情境中说唱过诸恶比库经等五经段？
Vissajjanā – rājagahe āyasmantañca lakkhaṇaṃ āyasmantañca mahāmoggallānaṃ ārabbha bhāsitāni. Āyasmā bhante lakkhaṇo bhagavato sammukhe pubbe vuttanayeneva ārocesi. Āyasmā ca bhante mahāmoggallāno ‘‘idhāhaṃ āvuso gijjhakūṭā pabbatā orohanto addasaṃ bhikkhuṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantaṃ. Addasaṃ bhikkhuniṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantiṃ. Addasaṃ sikkhamānaṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantiṃ. Addasaṃ sāmaṇeraṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantaṃ. Addasaṃ sāmaṇeriṃ vehāsaṃ gacchantiṃ. Tassā saṅghāṭipi ādittā sampajjalitā sajotibhūtā, pattopi āditto sampajjalito sajotibhūto, kāyabandhanampi ādittaṃ sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ , kāyopi āditto sampajjalito sajotibhūto, sā sudaṃ aṭṭassaraṃ karotī’’ti evamādinā ārocesi. Tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘cakkhubhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti ñāṇabhūtā vata bhikkhave sāvakā viharanti. (Peyyāla). Eso bhikkhave bhikkhu kassapassasammāsambuddhassa pāvacane pāpabhikkhu ahosi. Esā bhikkhave bhikkhunī kassapassa sammāsambuddhassa pāvacane pāpabhikkhunī ahosi. Esā bhikkhave sikkhamānā kassapassa sammāsambuddhassa pāvacane pāpasikkhamānā ahosi. Eso bhikkhave sāmaṇero kassapassasammāsambuddhassa pāvacane pāpasāmaṇero ahosi. Esā bhikkhave sāmaṇerī kassapassa sammāsambuddhassa pāvacane pāpasāmaṇerī ahosī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitāni.
关于释疑——世尊于王舍城起首尊长以及大摩嘎剌那处所所说。尊长啊，您所说的记号，是世尊亲前先前所闻的，如此而示现。尊长又道，大摩嘎剌那说：“我在此，朋友，爬上龟山时，看见一比库正在行走，如风般疾速。又见一比库尼亦如风而行。又见一在学尼亦如风行走。又见一沙玛内拉如风前行。又见一沙玛内莉也是如风疾行。那比库的僧衣被火焰燃烧，明亮灿烂；袈裟同样被烈火烧灼，光明显现；身缠束带处亦燃烧着，光明辉映；身体本身也燃烧犹如明火。她发出清晰的哭声。”如此说明。在那事物中，正如世尊所说：『诸弟子啊，具眼智的比库住世；诸弟子啊，知见明了的比库住世。』（佩耶拉经断）这位诸比库，是喀萨巴正自觉者的教化中，不善的比库。这位比库尼，是喀萨巴正自觉者教化中，不善的比库尼。这位在学尼，是喀萨巴正自觉者教化中，不善的在学尼。此比库，是喀萨巴正自觉者教化中，不善的沙玛内拉。这位沙玛内莉，是喀萨巴正自觉者教化中，不善的沙玛内莉。”如此世尊所说。
Opammasaṃyutta
名称——『比喻相应经』
Nakhasikhasutta爪尖经
Pucchā – opammasaṃyutte āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi saṃgītaṃ nakhasikhasuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问——“朋友，在『比喻相应经』中，古老的诸大长老收集法义，世尊从何处、从何时开始说法，并且以怎样的方式说法？”
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ, yo cāyaṃ mayā paritto nakhasikhāyaṃ paṃsu āropito, yā cāyaṃ mahāpathavī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
释疑——“舍卫城，诸比库众多时，世尊开始说：‘诸比库啊，你们认为什么？究竟哪个更多？此地附着在我袈裟边缘上的尘埃，还是这广大的大地？’世尊如此说。”
Taṃ kiṃ maññatha bhikkhave, katamaṃ nu kho bahutaraṃ.
‘诸比库啊，你们认为什么？究竟哪个更多？’
Tasmātiha bhikkhave evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ.
因此，诸比库啊，应当这样修习。
Āṇisutta楔钉经
Pucchā – tattheva āvuso porāṇakehi dhammasaṃgāhakamahātherehi saṃgītaṃ āṇisuttaṃ bhagavatā kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问道：「尊者，如此，请教老年的诸大长老们所集的法句歌谣，是由世尊在何处、从何处开始，怎样宣说的？」
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃyeva bhante sambahule bhikkhū ārabbha ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ bhikkhave dasārahānaṃ ānako nāma mudiṅgo ahosi, tassa dasārahā ānake ghaṭite aññaṃ āṇiṃ odahiṃsu, ahu kho so bhikkhave samayo yaṃ ānakassa mudiṅgassa porāṇaṃ pokkharaphalakaṃ antaradhāyi , āṇisaṅghāṭova avasissī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答道：「尊者，就是在舍卫国，许多比库开始『比库们，过去曾有一只长着十根角的象，名为母象。那十根角的象在其群中引领其他象，这就是比库们，母象那旧时消失的莲叶消逝的时段，正如象群时节一样』，世尊即如是宣说的。」
Bhikkhusaṃyutta
比库结集门类。
Navasutta新经
Pucchā – bhikkhusaṃyutte āvuso bhagavatā navasuttaṃ kattha kaṃ ārabbha kathañca bhāsitaṃ.
问道：「尊者，在比库结集中，世尊新说的经文是从何处开始，怎样宣说的？」
Vissajjanā – sāvatthiyaṃ bhante aññataraṃ navaṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha bhāsitaṃ. Aññataro bhante navo bhikkhu pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto vihāraṃ pavisitvā apposukko tuṇhībhūto saṅkasāyabhi, na bhikkhūnaṃ veyyāvaccaṃ karoti cīvarakārasamaye tasmiṃ bhante vatthusmiṃ ‘‘mā kho tumhe bhikkhave etassa bhikkhuno ujjhāyitthā eso kho bhikkhave bhikkhu catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhamma sukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī akicchalābhī akasiralābhī’’ti evamādinā bhagavatā bhāsitaṃ.
答道：「尊者，就是在舍卫国，世尊先说过另一个年轻比库。有一年轻比库，饭后托钵结束后入寂静之处，心里疑虑，未能称为比库们的知识。他在那布施袈裟作业时，说：『比库们，不要对这位比库生起瞋恚，他是四禅中具大意念、见法、乐住、不贪着、不畏惧的圣者』，世尊即如是宣说的。」
Ahampi kho bhante sakaṃ kiccaṃ karomi,
我也同样，尊者，执行某些职责，
Eso kho bhikkhave bhikkhu catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī akicchalābhī akasiralābhī –
比库们，这四禅是由意念所随之的，已证见法的安乐境界，果实清净无染，果报不懈怠，果报无绝断，果报无衰减，
Nayidaṃ sithilamārabbha, nayidaṃ appena thāmasā;
这决非因懈怠而起，也不是因短暂停留而成；
Nibbānaṃ adhigantabbaṃ, sabbadukkhappamocanaṃ;
涅槃应当得至，是诸苦尽的解脱；
Ayañca daharo bhikkhu, ayamuttamapuriso;
这也正是年轻比库、堪称究竟之人；
Dhāreti antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhiniṃ–
他持守此终极身，胜过魔王及其兵众。