1. Piṭakattayaparicchedo · 1. Piṭakattayaparicchedo
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa · 礼敬彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者
Cūḷaganthavaṃsapāḷi · 《小典籍史》本文
1. Piṭakattayaparicchedo一、三藏的判分
Namassetvāna sambuddhaṃ, aggavaṃsavaraṃvaraṃ;
礼敬已然圆满无上正等觉世尊，至尊世系中的至高无上者；
Natvāna dhammaṃ buddhajaṃ, saṅghañcāpiniraṅgaṇaṃ.
礼拜出世佛陀所说正法，及那无有杂染的僧伽；
Ganthavaṃsampi nissāya, ganthavaṃsaṃ pakathissaṃ;
且依止佛法僧三宝的传承，详细宣说该传承脉络；
Tipeṭakasamāhāraṃ, sādhunaṃ jaṅghadāsakaṃ.
这即是三藏教义的汇集，如同行脚僧所依的拐杖；
Vimatinodanamārambhaṃ, taṃ me suṇātha sādhavo;
烦恼忧害的剖判已经开始，善友们啊，请聆听我的诠释；
Sabbampi buddhavacanaṃ, vimutti ca sahetukaṃ.
一切皆出自佛陀之语，亦是一切解脱的种因缘。
Hoti ekavidhaṃyeva, tividhaṃ piṭakena ca;
只有一种形态，并且只有三种藏法；
Tañca sabbampi kevalaṃ, pañcavidhaṃ nikāyato.
而这一切仅是以五种部分类别归纳整理。
Aṅgato ca navavidhaṃ, dhammakkhandhagaṇanato;
法藏中有九十九种组成部分，称之为法蕴的聚合；
Caturāsīti sahassa, dhammakkhandhapabhedananti.
总计四万八千，谓之法蕴之区分。
Kathaṃ piṭakato piṭakañhi tividhaṃ hoti?
那么藏法的藏中为何会有三种区别？
Vinayapiṭakaṃ, abhidhammapiṭakaṃ suttantapiṭakanti. Tattha katamaṃ vinaya piṭakaṃ? Pārājikakaṇḍaṃ, pācittiyakaṇḍaṃ, mahāvaggakaṇḍaṃ, cullavaggakaṇḍaṃ, parivārakaṇḍanti. Imāni kaṇḍāni vinayapiṭakaṃ nāma.
即律藏、论藏与经藏。所谓律藏者，包含巴拉吉分、悔过分、大部分、小部分及附属分，这些部分合称律藏。
Katamaṃ abhidhammapiṭakaṃ? Dhammasaṅgaṇī-pakaraṇaṃ, vibhaṅga-pakaraṇaṃ, dhātukathā-pakaraṇaṃ, puggalapaññatti-pakaraṇaṃ, kathāvatthu-pakaraṇaṃ, yamaka-pakaraṇaṃ, paṭṭhāna-pakaraṇanti. Imāni satta pakaraṇāni abhidhammapiṭakaṃ nāma. Katamaṃ suttantapiṭakaṃ? Sīlakkhandhavaggādikaṃ, avasesaṃ buddhavacanaṃ suttantapiṭakaṃ nāma.
何者为阿毗达摩藏？谓法集论、分论、界论、名相论、说处论、双论、依正论。此七种论著名曰阿毗达摩藏。何者为经藏？由戒品等篇章及其余佛所说之语集成，名为经藏。
Kathaṃ nikāyato? Nikāyā pañca vidhā honti. Dīghanikāyo, majjhimanikāyo, saṃyuttanikāyo, aṅguttaranikāyo, khuddakanikāyoti.
尼柯耶如何？尼柯耶有五种：长部尼柯耶、中部尼柯耶、相应部尼柯耶、增支部尼柯耶、小部尼柯耶。
Tattha katamo dīgha-nikāyo? Sīlakkhandhavaggo, mahāvaggo, pāthikavaggoti, ime tayo vaggā dīghanikāyo nāma. Imesu tīsu vaggesu, catutiṃsa vaggāni ca honti. [Catutiṃseva suttantā, sīlakkhandhavaggādikā, yassa bhavanti so yeva dīghanikāya nāma hoti.]
其中何者为长部尼柯耶？戒品章、大品章、跛品章，此三品章合称长部尼柯耶。三品章中各有三十四品经文。[这三十四经文，自戒品章等始，故称长部尼柯耶。]
Katamo majjhimanikāyo? Mūlapaṇṇāso, majjhimapaṇṇāso, uparipaṇṇāsoti, ime tayo paṇṇāsā majjhimanikāyo nāma. Imesu tīsu paṇṇāsesu dvepaññāsādhika-sutta-satāni honti [diyaḍḍhasatasuttantā, dvi suttaṃ yassa santiso, majjhimanikāyo nāmo mūlapaṇṇāsamādi hoti.]
何者为中部尼柯耶？根本五十经、中等五十经、高等五十经，此三五十经合称中部尼柯耶。三组五十经中，有两组各百二十五经[中部尼柯耶初组百二十五经]。
Katamo saṃyuttanikāyo? Sagāthāvaggo, nidānavaggo, khandhakavaggo, saḷāyatanavaggo, mahāvaggoti, ime pañca vaggā saṃyuttanikāyo nāma. Imesu pañcasu vaggesu dvāsaṭṭhisuttasattasatādhikasatta-suttasahassāni honti. [Dvāsaṭṭhi-satta-satāni, sattasahassakāni ca.] Suttāni yassa honti so, sagāthādikavaggako, saṃyuttanikāyo nāmo veditabbo ca viññūnāti.
何者为相应部尼柯耶？有合诵章、缘起章、结章、六入章、大品章，此五章合称相应部尼柯耶。五章中共有二千七百二十多经。[二千七百多经，数以千计。]此经文集，谓有合诵等五章，是相应部尼柯耶，智慧者当识之。
Katamo aṅguttaranikāyo? Ekkanipāto, dukkanipāto, tikkanipāto, catukkanipāto, pañcakanipāto, chakkanipāto, sattakanipāto, aṭṭhakanipāto, navakanipāto, dasakanipāto, ekādasanipātoti, ime ekādasa nipātā aṅguttaranikāyo nāma. Imesu ekādasa nipātesu satta-paññāsa-pañca-satādhikanava-sutta-sahassāni honti. [Navasuttasahassāni, pañcasatamattāni ca, sattapaññāsādhikāni, suttāni yassa honti so, aṅguttaranikāyoti, ekkanipātakādikoti.]
何者为增支部尼柯耶？有一分、二分、三分、四分、五分、六分、七分、八分、九分、十分、十一分，合十一分，名为增支部尼柯耶。十一分中，有七十五百多九千多经文。[九千经文之多，约五百以上七十多组，此经文集成称增支部尼柯耶，起自一分等章节。]
Katamo khuddakanikāyo? Khuddakapāṭho, dhammapadaṃ, udānaṃ, itivuttakaṃ, suttanipāto, vimānavatthu, petavatthu, therakathā, therīkathā, jātakaṃ, mahāniddeso, paṭisambhidāmaggo, apadānaṃ, buddhavaṃso, cariyāpiṭakaṃ, vinayapiṭakaṃ, abhidhammapiṭakanti. Imesu sattarasasu ganthesu anekāni sutta-sahassāni honti. [Anekāni sutta-sahassāni, niddiṭṭhāni mahesinā, nikāye pañcame ime, khuddake iti visuteti.]
何为小部？小部即小部经、小法句经、犹如说律、释经、经部集、天宫故事、鬼神故事、长老传、长尼传、本生故事、大总说、解经道、赞颂集、佛传、行藏藏、律藏、阿毗达摩藏。此中这十七种著作包含许多经文千数。[许多经文千数者，由尊者所示，属于经部第五，即小部经也。]
Kathaṃ aṅgato aṅgahi nava vidhaṃ hoti? Suttaṃ, geyyaṃ, veyyākaraṇaṃ, gāthā, udānaṃ, itivuttakaṃ, jātakaṃ, abbhutadhammaṃ, vedallanti, navappabhedaṃ hoti. Tattha ubhato vibhaṅganiddesakhandhakaparivārā, suttanipāte, maṅgalasutta, ratanasutta, tuvaṭṭakasuttāni. Aññampi suttanāmakaṃ tathāgatavacanaṃ, suttanti veditabbaṃ. Sabbaṃ sagāthakaṃ geyyanti veditabbaṃ. Visesanasaṃyuttake sakalopi sagāthakavaggo, sakalaṃ abhidhammapiṭakaṃ nigāthakañca suttayañca aññampi aṭṭhahi aṅgehi asaṅgahitaṃ buddhavacanaṃ taṃ veyyākaraṇanti veditabbaṃ. Dhammapadaṃ, therakathā, therīkathā, suttanipāte, no suttanāmikā suddhikagāthā, gāthāti veditabbā. Somanassa ñāṇamayikagāthā paṭika-saṃyuttā dve asītisuttantā udānanti veditabbā. Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatātiādinayappavattā dasuttarasatasuttantā, itivuttakanti veditabbā. Apaṇṇakajātakādīni paññāsādikāni. Pañcajātakasatāni, jātakanti veditabbaṃ. Cattāro me bhikkhave acchariyā abhūtadhammā, ānandetiādinayappavattā sabbepi acchariya abhūtadhammapaṭisaṃyuttā suttantā abhūtadhammanti veditabbā. Cullavedalla, mahāvedalla, sammādiṭṭhi, sakkapañha, saṅkhārabhājaniya, mahāpuṇṇamasuttantādayo sabbepi vedañca tuṭṭhiñca laddhā [puccha] laddhā pucchitasuttantā, vedallanti veditabbā. Katamāni caturāsīti dhammakkhandhasahassāni dujānāni, caturāsīti dhammakkhandhasahassāni sace vitthārena kathissaṃ atipapañco bhavissati. Tasmā naya vasena kathissāmi. Ekaṃ vatthu, eko dhammakkhandho, ekaṃ nidānaṃ eko dhammakkhandho, ekaṃ pañhā pucchantaṃ eko dhammakkhandho, ekaṃ pañhā visajjanaṃ eko dhammakkhandho, caturāsīti dhammakkhandhasahassāni kena bhāsitāni, kattha bhāsitāni, kadā bhāsitāni, kamārabbha bhāsitāni, kimatthaṃ bhāsitāni, kena dhāritāni, kenābhatāni, kimatthaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbāni. Tatrāyaṃ visajjanā, kena bhāsitānīti? Buddhānu buddhehi bhāsitāni. Kattha bhāsitānīti? Devesu ca mānussesu ca, bhāsitāni. Kadā bhāsitānīti? Bhagavato dharamānakāle ceva pacchimakāle ca bhāsitāni. Katamārabbha bhāsitānīti? Pañcavaggiyādike veneyya bandhave ārabbha bhāsitānīti. Kimatthaṃ bhāsitānīti? Tivajjañca avajjañca ñatvā vajjaṃ pahāya avajje paṭipattitvā nibbānapariyante. Diṭṭha-dhammikasamparāyikatthe sampāpuṇituṃ.
何为部分？部中有九类。此九类为：经文、歌谣、论解、诗偈、誓愿语、犹如说语、本生故事、神变异法及解说。此中含有二分之别：包括分章指示法条以及经文集、吉祥经、宝经、动摇经等。还有诸其他名为经的世尊语，即经文应知。凡为偈文者皆为歌谣。特殊篇章汇集且带全部偈文之章节，以及全阿毗达摩藏及偈文和其他八部未集成的佛语即论解，应知为论解。法句经、长老传、长尼传、经部集中，没有名为经的纯诵偈，皆为歌谣。欢喜智识化的偈语，附带译释的有两十八部经文、犹如说语，应知为犹如说语。不坏本生故事等，总计五十部，名为本生。四种奇事法及以安乐等名称呈说之无上奇事法，又称无上奇事法者，应知为奇事。而小维摩诘、大小维摩诘、正见经、天帝问与行相分解经、满月经等都是具有了知与满足特性的提问经，应知为解说。四十八千法蕴经难纂，若要详细论述，将过于冗长。故我以方便法略述。一事即题，一个法蕴，一因缘，乃一法蕴。一个提问一法蕴，一解答一法蕴。四十八千法蕴而为所说，何时所说，何地所说，由谁所说，何故所说，如何保持，依谁依靠，何为宜修？此中解答何谓解答？即是佛及众佛所说。何地所说？天人及人间皆说。何时所说？世尊于法住时及其后时所说。由谁所说？自五部众等弟子及其族人开始所说。何故所说？了知三宝及非三宝放弃非三宝，入灭之际成就见法依止。
Kena dhāritānīti? Anubuddhehi ceva sissānusissehi ca dhāritāni. Kenā bhatānīti? Ācariya paraṃparehi ābhatāni. Kimatthaṃ pariyāpuṇitabbānīti? Vajjañca avajjañca ñatvā vajjaṃ pahāya avajje paṭipattitvā nibbānapariyante diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikatthe, saṃpāpuṇituṃ, yadevaṃ tāya nibbānapariyante diṭṭhadhammikasamparāyikatthe sādhikāni honti. Teva tattha kehi appamattena pariyāpuṇitabbāni dhāretabbāni dhāretabbāni vācetabbāni sajjhāyaṃ kātabbānīti [iti cullaganthavaṃse piṭakattaya dīpako nāma paṭhamo paricchedo.]
如何保持？由见谛者及弟子传承保持。依靠何者？老师世世相传依靠。何故应修？已了知应修与不应修，放弃不应修而修应修，即于灭尽之际成就法依止，如是灭尽之际成就法依止时即为善巧。于此处应谨慎修持、保持、护持、宣讲并亲近阅读教诲。[此为小部续藏第一分，称为藏灯。]