Niddeso分别
Niddeso分别
1. Ekakapuggalapaññatti1. 一法人施设
§1
Katamo ca puggalo samayavimutto? Idhekacco puggalo kālena kālaṃ samayena samayaṃ aṭṭha vimokkhe kāyena phusitvā viharati, paññāya cassa disvā ekacce āsavā parikkhīṇā honti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘samayavimutto’’.
什么是时解脱补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗时时地、期期地以身触八解脱而住,以慧见,他的某些漏已尽 – 此被称为「时解脱」补特伽罗。
§2
Katamo ca puggalo asamayavimutto? Idhekacco puggalo na heva kho kālena kālaṃ samayena samayaṃ aṭṭha vimokkhe kāyena phusitvā viharati, paññāya cassa disvā āsavā parikkhīṇā honti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘asamayavimutto’’. Sabbepi ariyapuggalā ariye vimokkhe asamayavimuttā.
什么是不时解脱补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗并非时时地、期期地以身触八解脱而住,以慧见,他的诸漏已尽 – 此被称为「不时解脱」补特伽罗。一切圣补特伽罗于圣解脱是不时解脱。
§3
Katamo ca puggalo kuppadhammo? Idhekacco puggalo lābhī hoti rūpasahagatānaṃ vā arūpasahagatānaṃ vā samāpattīnaṃ. So ca kho na nikāmalābhī hoti na akicchalābhī na akasiralābhī; na yatthicchakaṃ yadicchakaṃ yāvaticchakaṃ samāpajjatipi vuṭṭhātipi. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ tassa puggalassa pamādamāgamma tā samāpattiyo kuppeyyuṃ – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘kuppadhammo’’.
什么是动摇法补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗是色相应或无色相应诸等至的获得者。而且他不是随意获得者、不是无困难获得者、不是无艰苦获得者;不能在所欲处、如所欲、尽所欲地入定与出定。然而,有此可能性:由于放逸之故,那补特伽罗的那些等至会动摇 – 此被称为「动摇法」补特伽罗。
§4
Katamo ca puggalo akuppadhammo? Idhekacco puggalo lābhī hoti rūpasahagatānaṃ vā arūpasahagatānaṃ vā samāpattīnaṃ. So ca kho nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī; yatthicchakaṃ yadicchakaṃ yāvaticchakaṃ samāpajjatipi vuṭṭhātipi. Aṭṭhānametaṃ anavakāso yaṃ tassa puggalassa pamādamāgamma tā samāpattiyo kuppeyyuṃ – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘akuppadhammo’’. Sabbepi ariyapuggalā ariye vimokkhe akuppadhammā.
什么是不动摇法补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗是色相应或无色相应诸等至的获得者。而且他是随意获得者、无困难获得者、无艰苦获得者;能在所欲处、如所欲、尽所欲地入定与出定。无此可能,无此机会:由于放逸之故,那补特伽罗的那些等至会动摇 – 此被称为「不动摇法」补特伽罗。一切圣补特伽罗于圣解脱是不动摇法。
§5
Katamo ca puggalo parihānadhammo? Idhekacco puggalo lābhī hoti rūpasahagatānaṃ vā arūpasahagatānaṃ vā samāpattīnaṃ. So ca kho na nikāmalābhī hoti na akicchalābhī na akasiralābhī; na yatthicchakaṃ yadicchakaṃ yāvaticchakaṃ samāpajjatipi vuṭṭhātipi. Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ vijjati, yaṃ so puggalo pamādamāgamma tāhi samāpattīhi parihāyeyya – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘parihānadhammo’’.
什么是退堕法补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗是色相应或无色相应诸等至的获得者。而且他不是随意获得者、不是无困难获得者、不是无艰苦获得者;不能在所欲处、如所欲、尽所欲地入定与出定。然而,有此可能性:由于放逸之故,那补特伽罗会从那些等至退堕 – 此被称为「退堕法」补特伽罗。
§6
Katamo ca puggalo aparihānadhammo? Idhekacco puggalo lābhī hoti rūpasahagatānaṃ vā arūpasahagatānaṃ vā samāpattīnaṃ. So ca kho nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī; yatthicchakaṃ yadicchakaṃ yāvaticchakaṃ samāpajjatipi vuṭṭhātipi. Aṭṭhānametaṃ anavakāso yaṃ so puggalo pamādamāgamma tāhi samāpattīhi parihāyeyya – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘aparihānadhammo’’. Sabbepi ariyapuggalā ariye vimokkhe aparihānadhammā.
什么是不退堕法补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗是色相应或无色相应诸等至的获得者。而且他是随意获得者、无困难获得者、无艰苦获得者;能在所欲处、如所欲、尽所欲地入定与出定。无此可能,无此机会:由于放逸之故,那补特伽罗会从那些等至退堕 – 此被称为「不退堕法」补特伽罗。一切圣补特伽罗于圣解脱是不退堕法。
§7
Katamo ca puggalo cetanābhabbo? Idhekacco puggalo lābhī hoti rūpasahagatānaṃ vā arūpasahagatānaṃ vā samāpattīnaṃ. So ca kho na nikāmalābhī hoti na akicchalābhī na akasiralābhī; na yatthicchakaṃ yadicchakaṃ yāvaticchakaṃ samāpajjatipi vuṭṭhātipi. Sace anusañceteti, na parihāyati tāhi samāpattīhi. Sace na anusañceteti, parihāyati tāhi samāpattīhi – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘cetanābhabbo’’.
什么是思能补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗是色相应或无色相应诸等至的获得者。而且他不是随意获得者、不是无困难获得者、不是无艰苦获得者;不能在所欲处、如所欲、尽所欲地入定与出定。若他随思,则不从那些等至退堕。若他不随思,则从那些等至退堕 – 此被称为「思能」补特伽罗。
§8
Katamo ca puggalo anurakkhaṇābhabbo? Idhekacco puggalo lābhī hoti rūpasahagatānaṃ vā arūpasahagatānaṃ vā samāpattīnaṃ. So ca kho na nikāmalābhī hoti na akicchalābhī na akasiralābhī; na yatthicchakaṃ yadicchakaṃ yāvaticchakaṃ samāpajjatipi vuṭṭhātipi. Sace anurakkhati, na parihāyati tāhi samāpattīhi. Sace na anurakkhati, parihāyati tāhi samāpattīhi – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘anurakkhaṇābhabbo’’.
什么是护能补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗是色相应或无色相应诸等至的获得者。而且他不是随意获得者、不是无困难获得者、不是无艰苦获得者;不能在所欲处、如所欲、尽所欲地入定与出定。若他守护,则不从那些等至退堕。若他不守护,则从那些等至退堕 – 此被称为「护能」补特伽罗。
§9
Katamo ca puggalo puthujjano? Yassa puggalassa tīṇi saṃyojanāni appahīnāni; na ca tesaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya paṭipanno – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘puthujjano’’.
什么是凡夫补特伽罗?对于那个补特伽罗,三结未断;并且他未行道以断那些法——这被称为凡夫补特伽罗。
§10
Katamo ca puggalo gotrabhū? Yesaṃ dhammānaṃ samanantarā ariyadhammassa avakkanti hoti tehi dhammehi samannāgato – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘gotrabhū’’.
什么是种姓者补特伽罗?紧接着那些法之后,有圣法的入,具足那些法——这被称为种姓者补特伽罗。
§11
Katamo ca puggalo bhayūparato? Satta sekkhā bhayūparatā, ye ca puthujjanā sīlavanto. Arahā abhayūparato.
什么是因怖畏而止息的补特伽罗?七有学因怖畏而止息,以及那些凡夫具戒者。阿拉汉是无怖畏而止息者。
§12
Katamo ca puggalo abhabbāgamano? Ye te puggalā kammāvaraṇena samannāgatā, kilesāvaraṇena samannāgatā, vipākāvaraṇena samannāgatā, assaddhā acchandikā duppaññā eḷā, abhabbā niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ – ime vuccanti puggalā ‘‘abhabbāgamanā’’.
什么是不能前往的补特伽罗?那些补特伽罗具有业障、具有烦恼障、具有果报障,无信、无欲、劣慧、愚钝,不能于善法中入正性离生——这些被称为不能前往的补特伽罗。
§13
Katamo ca puggalo bhabbāgamano? Ye te puggalā na kammāvaraṇena samannāgatā, na kilesāvaraṇena samannāgatā, na vipākāvaraṇena samannāgatā, saddhā chandikā paññavanto aneḷā, bhabbā niyāmaṃ okkamituṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ – ime vuccanti puggalā ‘‘bhabbāgamanā’’.
什么是能前往的补特伽罗?那些补特伽罗不具有业障、不具有烦恼障、不具有果报障,有信、有欲、有慧、不愚钝,能于善法中入正性离生——这些被称为能前往的补特伽罗。
§14
Katamo ca puggalo niyato? Pañca puggalā ānantarikā, ye ca micchādiṭṭhikā niyatā, aṭṭha ca ariyapuggalā niyatā. Avasesā puggalā aniyatā.
什么是决定的补特伽罗?五无间补特伽罗,以及那些邪见者是决定的,八圣补特伽罗是决定的。其余的补特伽罗是不决定的。
§15
Katamo ca puggalo paṭipannako? Cattāro maggasamaṅgino puggalā paṭipannakā, cattāro phalasamaṅgino puggalā phale ṭhitā.
什么是行道者补特伽罗?四道具足者补特伽罗是行道者,四果具足者补特伽罗是住于果者。
§16
Katamo ca puggalo samasīsī? Yassa puggalassa apubbaṃ acarimaṃ āsavapariyādānañca hoti jīvitapariyādānañca – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘samasīsī’’.
什么是同头的补特伽罗?对于那个补特伽罗,诸漏的灭尽与寿命的灭尽无前无后——这被称为同头的补特伽罗。
§17
Katamo ca puggalo ṭhitakappī? Ayañca puggalo sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno assa, kappassa ca uḍḍayhanavelā assa, neva tāva kappo uḍḍayheyya yāvāyaṃ puggalo na sotāpattiphalaṃ sacchikaroti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘ṭhitakappī’’. Sabbepi maggasamaṅgino puggalā ṭhitakappino.
什么是住劫补特伽罗?这位补特伽罗正在为作证入流果而行道,而劫的毁坏时刻已到,劫不会毁坏,直到这位补特伽罗作证入流果。这被称为「住劫补特伽罗」。一切具道的补特伽罗都是住劫者。
§18
Katamo ca puggalo ariyo? Aṭṭha ariyapuggalā ariyā. Avasesā puggalā anariyā.
什么是圣补特伽罗?八圣补特伽罗是圣者。其余的补特伽罗是非圣者。
§19
Katamo ca puggalo sekkho? Cattāro maggasamaṅgino tayo phalasamaṅgino puggalā ‘‘sekkhā’’. Arahā asekkho. Avasesā puggalā nevasekkhanāsekkhā.
什么是有学补特伽罗?四位具道者和三位具果者是「有学」。阿拉汉是无学。其余的补特伽罗是非有学非无学。
§20
Katamo ca puggalo tevijjo? Tīhi vijjāhi samannāgato puggalo ‘‘tevijjo’’.
什么是三明补特伽罗?具足三明的补特伽罗是「三明者」。
§21
Katamo ca puggalo chaḷabhiñño? Chahi abhiññāhi samannāgato puggalo ‘‘chaḷabhiñño’’.
什么是六通补特伽罗?具足六神通的补特伽罗是「六通者」。
§22
Katamo ca puggalo sammāsambuddho? Idhekacco puggalo pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhati; tattha ca sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇāti, balesu ca vasībhāvaṃ – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘sammāsambuddho’’.
什么是正等正觉者补特伽罗?这里,某位补特伽罗对于以前未曾听闻的诸法,自己正觉诸谛;在那里,他获得一切知性,以及对诸力的自在——这被称为「正等正觉者」补特伽罗。
§23
Katamo ca puggalo paccekasambuddho? Idhekacco puggalo pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhati; na ca tattha sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇāti, na ca balesu vasībhāvaṃ – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘paccekasambuddho’’.
什么是独觉补特伽罗?这里,某位补特伽罗对于以前未曾听闻的诸法,自己正觉诸谛;但在那里,他不获得一切知性,也不获得对诸力的自在——这被称为「独觉」补特伽罗。
§24
Katamo ca puggalo ubhatobhāgavimutto? Idhekacco puggalo aṭṭha vimokkhe kāyena phusitvā viharati; paññāya cassa disvā āsavā parikkhīṇā honti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘ubhatobhāgavimutto’’.
什么是俱分解脱补特伽罗?这里,某位补特伽罗以身触八解脱而住;以慧见,他的诸漏已尽——这被称为「俱分解脱」补特伽罗。
§25
Katamo ca puggalo paññāvimutto? Idhekacco puggalo na heva kho aṭṭha vimokkhe kāyena phusitvā viharati; paññāya cassa disvā āsavā parikkhīṇā honti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘paññāvimutto’’.
什么是慧解脱者?这里,某人不以身触八解脱而住;以慧见,他的诸漏已尽。这被称为慧解脱者。
§26
Katamo ca puggalo kāyasakkhī? Idhekacco puggalo aṭṭha vimokkhe kāyena phusitvā viharati ; paññāya cassa disvā ekacce āsavā parikkhīṇā honti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘kāyasakkhī’’.
什么是身证者?这里,某人以身触八解脱而住;以慧见,他的某些漏已尽。这被称为身证者。
§27
Katamo ca puggalo diṭṭhippatto? Idhekacco puggalo ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Tathāgatappaveditā cassa dhammā paññāya vodiṭṭhā honti vocaritā. Paññāya cassa disvā ekacce āsavā parikkhīṇā honti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘diṭṭhippatto’’.
什么是见至者?这里,某人如实了知「这是苦」,如实了知「这是苦集」,如实了知「这是苦灭」,如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」。如来所宣说的诸法,他以慧善见、善行。以慧见,他的某些漏已尽——这被称为见至者。
§28
Katamo ca puggalo saddhāvimutto? Idhekacco puggalo ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Tathāgatappaveditā cassa dhammā paññāya vodiṭṭhā honti vocaritā. Paññāya cassa disvā ekacce āsavā parikkhīṇā honti, no ca kho yathā diṭṭhippattassa – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘saddhāvimutto’’.
什么是信解脱者?这里,某人如实了知「这是苦」,如实了知「这是苦集」,如实了知「这是苦灭」,如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」。如来所宣说的诸法,他以慧善见、善行。以慧见,他的某些漏已尽,但不如见至者——这被称为信解脱者。
§29
Katamo ca puggalo dhammānusārī? Yassa puggalassa sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipannassa paññindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti, paññāvāhiṃ paññāpubbaṅgamaṃ ariyamaggaṃ bhāveti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘dhammānusārī’’. Sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno puggalo dhammānusārī phale ṭhito diṭṭhippatto.
什么是随法行者?为现证入流果而行道的补特伽罗,其慧根殊胜,修习以慧为导、以慧为先导的圣道——这被称为随法行者。为现证入流果而行道的补特伽罗是随法行者,住于果位者是见至者。
§30
Katamo ca puggalo saddhānusārī? Yassa puggalassa sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipannassa saddhindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti, saddhāvāhiṃ saddhāpubbaṅgamaṃ ariyamaggaṃ bhāveti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘saddhānusārī’’. Sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno puggalo saddhānusārī phale ṭhito saddhāvimutto.
什么是随信行者?为现证入流果而行道的补特伽罗,其信根殊胜,修习以信为导、以信为先导的圣道——这被称为随信行者。为现证入流果而行道的补特伽罗是随信行者,住于果位者是信解脱者。
§31
Katamo ca puggalo sattakkhattuparamo? Idhekacco puggalo tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpanno hoti avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyano . So sattakkhattuṃ deve ca mānuse ca sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘sattakkhattuparamo’’.
什么是极七返者?这里,某人以三结尽,成为入流者,不堕恶趣法,决定趣向正觉。他于天与人中往返流转七次后,作苦之终结——这被称为极七返者。
§32
Katamo ca puggalo kolaṅkolo? Idhekacco puggalo tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpanno hoti avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyano. So dve vā tīṇi vā kulāni sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘kolaṅkolo’’.
什么是家家者?这里,某人以三结尽,成为入流者,不堕恶趣法,决定趣向正觉。他往返流转二或三家后,作苦之终结——这被称为家家者。
§33
Katamo ca puggalo ekabījī? Idhekacco puggalo tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpanno hoti avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyano. So ekaṃyeva mānusakaṃ bhavaṃ nibbattetvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘ekabījī’’.
什么是一种子者补特伽罗?这里,某人以三结的灭尽,成为入流者,不退堕法,决定趣向正觉。他只生起一次人的有,作苦的终结——这称为「一种子者」补特伽罗。
§34
Katamo ca puggalo sakadāgāmī? Idhekacco puggalo tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmī hoti , sakideva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘sakadāgāmī’’.
什么是一来者补特伽罗?这里,某人以三结的灭尽,以贪嗔痴的减弱,成为一来者,只来此世一次,作苦的终结——这称为「一来者」补特伽罗。
§35
Katamo ca puggalo anāgāmī? Idhekacco puggalo pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti, tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘anāgāmī’’.
什么是不来者补特伽罗?这里,某人以五下分结的灭尽,成为化生者,在那里般涅槃,不从那个世界再来之法——这称为「不来者」补特伽罗。
§36
Katamo ca puggalo antarāparinibbāyī? Idhekacco puggalo pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti, tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. So upapannaṃ vā samanantarā appattaṃ vā vemajjhaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ ariyamaggaṃ sañjaneti upariṭṭhimānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘antarāparinibbāyī’’.
什么是中般涅槃者补特伽罗?这里,某人以五下分结的灭尽,成为化生者,在那里般涅槃,不从那个世界再来之法。他于生起之后立即,或未达到寿量的中间,生起圣道,为了断除上分诸结——这称为「中般涅槃者」补特伽罗。
§37
Katamo ca puggalo upahaccaparinibbāyī? Idhekacco puggalo pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti, tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. So atikkamitvā vemajjhaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ upahacca vā kālakiriyaṃ ariyamaggaṃ sañjaneti upariṭṭhimānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘upahaccaparinibbāyī’’.
什么是损害般涅槃者补特伽罗?这里,某人以五下分结的灭尽,成为化生者,在那里般涅槃,不从那个世界再来之法。他超越寿量的中间,以损害或死亡,生起圣道,为了断除上分诸结——这称为「损害般涅槃者」补特伽罗。
§38
Katamo ca puggalo asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī? Idhekacco puggalo pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti, tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. So asaṅkhārena ariyamaggaṃ sañjaneti upariṭṭhimānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘asaṅkhāraparinibbāyī’’.
什么是无行般涅槃者补特伽罗?这里,某人以五下分结的灭尽,成为化生者,在那里般涅槃,不从那个世界再来之法。他以无行生起圣道,为了断除上分诸结——这称为「无行般涅槃者」补特伽罗。
§39
Katamo ca puggalo sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī? Idhekacco puggalo pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti, tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. So sasaṅkhārena ariyamaggaṃ sañjaneti upariṭṭhimānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyī’’.
什么是有行般涅槃者补特伽罗?这里,某人以五下分结的灭尽,成为化生者,在那里般涅槃,不从那个世界再来之法。他以有行生起圣道,为了断除上分诸结——这称为「有行般涅槃者」补特伽罗。
§40
Katamo ca puggalo uddhaṃsoto akaniṭṭhagāmī? Idhekacco puggalo pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti, tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. So avihā cuto atappaṃ gacchati, atappā cuto sudassaṃ gacchati, sudassā cuto sudassiṃ gacchati, sudassiyā cuto akaniṭṭhaṃ gacchati; akaniṭṭhe ariyamaggaṃ sañjaneti upariṭṭhimānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘uddhaṃsoto akaniṭṭhagāmī’’.
什么是上流至阿咖尼吒者补特伽罗?这里,某人以五下分结的灭尽,成为化生者,在那里般涅槃,不从那个世界再来之法。他从无烦天死去,前往无热天;从无热天死去,前往善现天;从善现天死去,前往善见天;从善见天死去,前往阿咖尼吒天;在阿咖尼吒天生起圣道,为了断除上分诸结——这称为「上流至阿咖尼吒者」补特伽罗。
§41
Katamo ca puggalo sotāpanno sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno? Tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ pahānāya paṭipanno puggalo sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno. Yassa puggalassa tīṇi saṃyojanāni pahīnāni – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘sotāpanno’’.
什么是为作证入流果而行道的补特伽罗?为断三结而行道的补特伽罗是为作证入流果而行道者。凡补特伽罗已断三结——此被称为补特伽罗「入流者」。
§42
Kāmarāgabyāpādānaṃ tanubhāvāya paṭipanno puggalo sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno . Yassa puggalassa kāmarāgabyāpādā tanubhūtā – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘sakadāgāmī’’.
为使欲贪嗔恨变薄弱而行道的补特伽罗是为作证一来果而行道者。凡补特伽罗的欲贪嗔恨已变薄弱——此被称为补特伽罗「一来者」。
§43
Kāmarāgabyāpādānaṃ anavasesappahānāya paṭipanno puggalo anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno. Yassa puggalassa kāmarāgabyāpādā anavasesā pahīnā – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘anāgāmī’’.
为无余断欲贪嗔恨而行道的补特伽罗是为作证不来果而行道者。凡补特伽罗的欲贪嗔恨已无余断——此被称为补特伽罗「不来者」。
§44
Rūparāgaarūparāgamānauddhaccaavijjāya anavasesappahānāya paṭipanno puggalo arahattaphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno. Yassa puggalassa rūparāgo arūparāgo māno uddhaccaṃ avijjā anavasesā pahīnā – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘arahā’’.
为无余断色贪、无色贪、慢、掉举、无明而行道的补特伽罗是为作证阿拉汉果而行道者。凡补特伽罗的色贪、无色贪、慢、掉举、无明已无余断——此被称为补特伽罗「阿拉汉」。
Ekakaniddeso. · 一法分别
2. Dukapuggalapaññatti2. 二法人施设
§45
Katamo ca puggalo kodhano? Tattha katamo kodho? Yo kodho kujjhanā kujjhitattaṃ doso dussanā dussitattaṃ byāpatti byāpajjanā byāpajjitattaṃ virodho paṭivirodho caṇḍikkaṃ asuropo anattamanatā cittassa – ayaṃ vuccati kodho. Yassa puggalassa ayaṃ kodho appahīno – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘kodhano’’.
什么是易怒的补特伽罗?于此,什么是怒?凡怒、发怒、发怒状态、嗔、嗔恨、嗔恨状态、嗔恚、嗔恚行、嗔恚状态、对抗、反对、凶暴、凶恶、心的不满意——此被称为怒。凡补特伽罗此怒未断——此被称为补特伽罗「易怒者」。
§46
Katamo ca puggalo upanāhī? Tattha katamo upanāho? Pubbakālaṃ kodho aparakālaṃ upanāho. Yo evarūpo upanāho upanayhanā upanayhitattaṃ aṭṭhapanā ṭhapanā saṇṭhapanā anusaṃsandanā anuppabandhanā daḷhīkammaṃ kodhassa – ayaṃ vuccati upanāho . Yassa puggalassa ayaṃ upanāho appahīno – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘upanāhī’’.
什么是怀恨的补特伽罗?于此,什么是恨?前时是怒,后时是恨。凡如此的恨、怀恨、怀恨状态、置放、放置、安置、连续、持续、怒的坚固——此被称为恨。凡补特伽罗此恨未断——此被称为补特伽罗「怀恨者」。
§47
Katamo ca puggalo makkhī? Tattha katamo makkho? Yo makkho makkhāyanā makkhāyitattaṃ niṭṭhuriyaṃ niṭṭhuriyakammaṃ – ayaṃ vuccati makkho. Yassa puggalassa ayaṃ makkho appahīno – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘makkhī’’.
什么是覆恼的补特伽罗?于此,什么是覆恼?凡覆恼、覆恼行、覆恼状态、残酷、残酷行——此被称为覆恼。凡补特伽罗此覆恼未断——此被称为补特伽罗「覆恼者」。
§48
Katamo ca puggalo paḷāsī? Tattha katamo paḷāso? Yo paḷāso paḷāsāyanā paḷāsāyitattaṃ paḷāsāhāro vivādaṭṭhānaṃ yugaggāho appaṭinissaggo – ayaṃ vuccati paḷāso. Yassa puggalassa ayaṃ paḷāso appahīno – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘paḷāsī’’.
什么是恼害的补特伽罗?于此,什么是恼害?凡恼害、恼害行、恼害状态、恼害语、诤论之处、轭的执取、不舍弃——此被称为恼害。凡补特伽罗此恼害未断——此被称为补特伽罗「恼害者」。
§49
Katamo ca puggalo issukī? Tattha katamā issā? Yā paralābhasakkāragarukāramānanavandanapūjanāsu issā issāyanā issāyitattaṃ usūyā usūyanā usūyitattaṃ – ayaṃ vuccati issā. Yassa puggalassa ayaṃ issā appahīnā – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘issukī’’.
什么是嫉妒的补特伽罗?于此,什么是嫉妒?凡是对他人的利养、恭敬、尊重、礼敬、顶礼、供养的嫉妒、嫉妒性、嫉妒状态、嫉羡、嫉羡性、嫉羡状态——这称为嫉妒。凡是补特伽罗未断此嫉妒——这称为「嫉妒的」补特伽罗。
§50
Katamo ca puggalo maccharī? Tattha katamaṃ macchariyaṃ? Pañca macchariyāni – āvāsamacchariyaṃ, kulamacchariyaṃ, lābhamacchariyaṃ, vaṇṇamacchariyaṃ, dhammamacchariyaṃ. Yaṃ evarūpaṃ maccheraṃ maccharāyanā maccharāyitattaṃ vevicchaṃ kadariyaṃ kaṭukañcukatā aggahitattaṃ cittassa – idaṃ vuccati macchariyaṃ. Yassa puggalassa idaṃ macchariyaṃ appahīnaṃ – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘maccharī’’.
什么是悭吝的补特伽罗?于此,什么是悭吝?有五种悭吝——住所悭、家族悭、利养悭、称赞悭、法悭。凡是如此的悭吝、悭吝性、悭吝状态、吝啬、小气、吝啬性、心的不施与——这称为悭吝。凡是补特伽罗未断此悭吝——这称为「悭吝的」补特伽罗。
§51
Katamo ca puggalo saṭho? Tattha katamaṃ sāṭheyyaṃ? Idhekacco saṭho hoti parisaṭho. Yaṃ tattha saṭhaṃ saṭhatā sāṭheyyaṃ kakkaratā kakkariyaṃ parikkhattattā pārikkhattiyaṃ – idaṃ vuccati sāṭheyyaṃ. Yassa puggalassa idaṃ sāṭheyyaṃ appahīnaṃ – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘saṭho’’.
什么是狡诈的补特伽罗?于此,什么是狡诈?于此,某人狡诈、极狡诈。凡于此的狡诈、狡诈性、狡诈状态、刚硬、刚硬性、欺骗性、欺骗——这称为狡诈。凡是补特伽罗未断此狡诈——这称为「狡诈的」补特伽罗。
§52
Katamo ca puggalo māyāvī? Tattha katamā māyā? Idhekacco kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā vācāya duccaritaṃ caritvā manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā tassa paṭicchādanahetu pāpikaṃ icchaṃ paṇidahati – ‘‘mā maṃ jaññā’’ti icchati, ‘‘mā maṃ jaññā’’ti saṅkappati ‘‘mā maṃ jaññā’’ti vācaṃ bhāsati, ‘‘mā maṃ jaññā’’ti kāyena parakkamati. Yā evarūpā māyā māyāvitā accāsarā vañcanā nikati vikiraṇā pariharaṇā gūhanā parigūhanā chādanā paṭicchādanā anuttānīkammaṃ anāvikammaṃ vocchādanā pāpakiriyā – ayaṃ vuccati māyā. Yassa puggalassa ayaṃ māyā appahīnā – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘māyāvī’’.
什么是虚伪的补特伽罗?于此,什么是虚伪?于此,某人以身行恶行、以语行恶行、以意行恶行后,为了覆藏它而发起恶欲——他欲「愿人不知我」,他思惟「愿人不知我」,他说「愿人不知我」之语,他以身努力「愿人不知我」。凡是如此的虚伪、虚伪性、欺骗、诡诈、诈术、散布、隐藏、覆藏、遮藏、覆盖、不显露行、不开显行、隐蔽、恶作——这称为虚伪。凡是补特伽罗未断此虚伪——这称为「虚伪的」补特伽罗。
§53
Katamo ca puggalo ahiriko? Tattha katamaṃ ahirikaṃ? Yaṃ na hirīyati hiriyitabbena na hirīyati pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā – idaṃ vuccati ahirikaṃ. Iminā ahirikena samannāgato puggalo ‘‘ahiriko’’.
什么是无惭的补特伽罗?于此,什么是无惭?凡是对应惭者不惭、对诸恶不善法的获得不惭——这称为无惭。具备此无惭的补特伽罗为「无惭的」。
§54
Katamo ca puggalo anottappī? Tattha katamaṃ anottappaṃ? Yaṃ na ottappati ottappitabbena na ottappati pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā – idaṃ vuccati anottappaṃ. Iminā anottappena samannāgato puggalo ‘‘anottappī’’.
什么是无愧的补特伽罗?于此,什么是无愧?凡是对应愧者不愧、对诸恶不善法的获得不愧——这称为无愧。具备此无愧的补特伽罗为「无愧的」。
§55
Katamo ca puggalo dubbaco? Tattha katamo dovacassatā? Sahadhammike vuccamāne dovacassāyaṃ dovacassiyaṃ dovacassatā vippaṭikulaggāhitā vipaccanīkasātatā anādariyaṃ anādariyatā agāravatā appatissavatā – ayaṃ vuccati dovacassatā. Imāya dovacassatāya samannāgato puggalo ‘‘dubbaco’’.
什么是难劝的补特伽罗?于此,什么是难劝性?当被如法劝告时的难劝、难劝性、难劝状态、执取对立、持续对立、不恭敬、不恭敬性、不尊重、不顺从——这称为难劝性。具备此难劝性的补特伽罗为「难劝的」。
§56
Katamo ca puggalo pāpamitto? Tattha katamā pāpamittatā? Ye te puggalā assaddhā dussīlā appassutā maccharino duppaññā, yā tesaṃ sevanā nisevanā saṃsevanā bhajanā sambhajanā bhatti sambhatti sampavaṅkatā – ayaṃ vuccati pāpamittatā. Imāya pāpamittatāya samannāgato puggalo ‘‘pāpamitto’’.
什么是恶友的补特伽罗?于此,什么是恶友性?凡是那些无信、破戒、少闻、悭吝、劣慧的补特伽罗,凡是对他们的亲近、常亲近、遍亲近、交往、常交往、爱好、常爱好、亲密——这称为恶友性。具备此恶友性的补特伽罗为「恶友的」。
§57
Katamo ca puggalo indriyesu aguttadvāro? Tattha katamā indriyesu aguttadvāratā? Idhekacco puggalo cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā nimittaggāhī hoti anubyañjanaggāhī; yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya na paṭipajjati, na rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye na saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā…pe… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā…pe… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya nimittaggāhī hoti anubyañjanaggāhī; yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya na paṭipajjati, na rakkhati manindriyaṃ, manindriye na saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Yā imesaṃ channaṃ indriyānaṃ agutti agopanā anārakkho asaṃvaro – ayaṃ vuccati indriyesu aguttadvāratā. Imāya indriyesu aguttadvāratāya samannāgato puggalo ‘‘indriyesu aguttadvāro’’.
什么是诸根门不守护的补特伽罗?于此,什么是诸根门不守护性?于此,某人以眼见色后,成为取相者、取随相者;由于他住于不防护眼根之因,贪忧、诸恶不善法会流入,他不行于防护,不守护眼根,不达到眼根的防护。以耳闻声后……以鼻嗅香后……以舌尝味后……以身触所触后……以意识法后,成为取相者、取随相者;由于他住于不防护意根之因,贪忧、诸恶不善法会流入,他不行于防护,不守护意根,不达到意根的防护。对这六根的不守护、不守护、不守护、不防护——这称为诸根门不守护性。具备这诸根门不守护性的补特伽罗为「诸根门不守护者」。
§58
Katamo ca puggalo bhojane amattaññū? Tattha katamā bhojane amattaññutā? Idhekacco puggalo appaṭisaṅkhā ayoniso āhāraṃ āhāreti davāya madāya maṇḍanāya vibhūsanāya, yā tattha asantuṭṭhitā amattaññutā appaṭisaṅkhā bhojane – ayaṃ vuccati bhojane amattaññutā. Imāya bhojane amattaññutāya samannāgato puggalo ‘‘bhojane amattaññū’’.
什么是食不知量的补特伽罗?于此,什么是食不知量性?于此,某人不省察、不如理地食用食物,为了嬉戏、为了骄慢、为了装饰、为了庄严,于此的不知足、不知量、不省察于食——这称为食不知量性。具备这食不知量性的补特伽罗为「食不知量者」。
§59
Katamo ca puggalo muṭṭhassati? Tattha katamaṃ muṭṭhassaccaṃ? Yā assati ananussati appaṭissati assati assaraṇatā adhāraṇatā pilāpanatā sammusanatā – idaṃ vuccati muṭṭhassaccaṃ. Iminā muṭṭhassaccena samannāgato puggalo ‘‘muṭṭhassati’’.
什么是失念的补特伽罗?于此,什么是失念性?凡是不念、不随念、不现念、不念、不忆念性、不持性、忘失性、遗忘性——这称为失念性。具备这失念性的补特伽罗为「失念者」。
§60
Katamo ca puggalo asampajāno? Tattha katamaṃ asampajaññaṃ? Yaṃ aññāṇaṃ adassanaṃ anabhisamayo ananubodho asambodho appaṭivedho asaṅgāhaṇā apariyogāhaṇā asamapekkhaṇā apaccavekkhaṇā apaccakkhakammaṃ dummejjhaṃ bālyaṃ asampajaññaṃ moho pamoho sammoho avijjā avijjogho avijjāyogo avijjānusayo avijjāpariyuṭṭhānaṃ avijjālaṅgī moho akusalamūlaṃ – idaṃ vuccati asampajaññaṃ. Iminā asampajaññena samannāgato puggalo ‘‘asampajāno’’.
什么是不正知的补特伽罗?于此,什么是不正知?凡是无智、不见、不现观、不随觉、不等觉、不通达、不把握、不深入、不观察、不观察、不作证、愚钝、愚痴、不正知、痴、愚痴、极痴、无明、无明流、无明轭、无明随眠、无明缠、无明障、痴、不善根——这称为不正知。具备这不正知的补特伽罗为「不正知者」。
§61
Katamo ca puggalo sīlavipanno? Tattha katamā sīlavipatti? Kāyiko vītikkamo vācasiko vītikkamo kāyikavācasiko vītikkamo – ayaṃ vuccati sīlavipatti. Sabbampi dussilyaṃ sīlavipatti. Imāya sīlavipattiyā samannāgato puggalo ‘‘sīlavipanno’’.
什么是戒失坏的补特伽罗?于此,什么是戒失坏?身的违犯、语的违犯、身语的违犯——这称为戒失坏。一切恶戒都是戒失坏。具备这戒失坏的补特伽罗为「戒失坏者」。
§62
Katamo ca puggalo diṭṭhivipanno? Tattha katamā diṭṭhivipatti? ‘‘Natthi dinnaṃ, natthi yiṭṭhaṃ, natthi hutaṃ, natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko, natthi ayaṃ loko , natthi paro loko , natthi mātā, natthi pitā, natthi sattā opapātikā, natthi loke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sammaggatā sammāpaṭipannā ye imañca lokaṃ parañca lokaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentī’’ti. Yā evarūpā diṭṭhi diṭṭhigataṃ diṭṭhigahanaṃ diṭṭhikantāro diṭṭhivisūkāyikaṃ diṭṭhivipphanditaṃ diṭṭhisaṃyojanaṃ gāho paṭiggāho abhiniveso parāmāso kummaggo micchāpatho micchattaṃ titthāyatanaṃ vipariyāsaggāho , ayaṃ vuccati diṭṭhivipatti. Sabbāpi micchādiṭṭhi diṭṭhivipatti. Imāya diṭṭhivipattiyā samannāgato puggalo ‘‘diṭṭhivipanno’’.
什么是见失坏的补特伽罗?于此,什么是见失坏?「无布施,无供养,无祭祀,无善作恶作诸业的果与异熟,无此世,无他世,无母,无父,无化生有情,世间无正行、正行道的沙门婆罗门,他们以自己的证智作证后宣说此世与他世。」凡是如此的见、见处、见稠林、见旷野、见诤、见动摇、见结、执取、执持、执着、执取、邪道、邪路、邪性、外道处、颠倒执——这称为见失坏。一切邪见都是见失坏。具备这见失坏的补特伽罗为「见失坏者」。
§63
Katamo ca puggalo ajjhattasaṃyojano? Yassa puggalassa pañcorambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni appahīnāni – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘ajjhattasaṃyojano’’.
什么是内结的补特伽罗?凡是补特伽罗的五下分结未断——这称为补特伽罗「内结者」。
§64
Katamo ca puggalo bahiddhāsaṃyojano? Yassa puggalassa pañcuddhambhāgiyāni saṃyojanāni appahīnāni – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘bahiddhāsaṃyojano’’.
什么是外结的补特伽罗?凡是补特伽罗的五上分结未断——这称为补特伽罗「外结者」。
§65
Katamo ca puggalo akkodhano? Tattha katamo kodho? Yo kodho kujjhanā kujjhitattaṃ doso dussanā dussitattaṃ byāpatti byāpajjanā byāpajjitattaṃ virodho paṭivirodho caṇḍikkaṃ asuropo anattamanatā cittassa – ayaṃ vuccati kodho. Yassa puggalassa ayaṃ kodho pahīno – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘akkodhano’’.
什么是无嗔者?于此,什么是嗔?凡是嗔、嗔怒、嗔怒状态、恚、恚怒、恚怒状态、嗔恨、嗔恨行、嗔恨状态、敌对、对抗、凶暴、凶恶、心的不满意——这称为嗔。凡是补特伽罗已舍断此嗔——这称为补特伽罗「无嗔者」。
§66
Katamo ca puggalo anupanāhī? Tattha katamo upanāho? Pubbakālaṃ kodho aparakālaṃ upanāho yo evarūpo upanāho upanayhanā upanayhitattaṃ aṭṭhapanā ṭhapanā saṇṭhapanā anusaṃsandanā anuppabandhanā daḷhīkammaṃ kodhassa – ayaṃ vuccati upanāho. Yassa puggalassa ayaṃ upanāho pahīno – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘anupanāhī’’.
什么是无恼害者?于此,什么是恼害?前时是嗔,后时是恼害,凡是如此的恼害、恼害行、恼害状态、置放、放置、安置、继续、持续、嗔的坚固化——这称为恼害。凡是补特伽罗已舍断此恼害——这称为补特伽罗「无恼害者」。
§67
Katamo ca puggalo amakkhī? Tattha katamo makkho? Yo makkho makkhāyanā makkhāyitattaṃ niṭṭhuriyaṃ niṭṭhuriyakammaṃ – ayaṃ vuccati makkho. Yassa puggalassa ayaṃ makkho pahīno – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘amakkhī’’.
什么是无覆者?于此,什么是覆?凡是覆、覆行、覆状态、残酷、残酷行——这称为覆。凡是补特伽罗已舍断此覆——这称为补特伽罗「无覆者」。
§68
Katamo ca puggalo apaḷāsī? Tattha katamo paḷāso? Yo paḷāso paḷāsāyanā paḷāsāyitattaṃ paḷāsāhāro vivādaṭṭhānaṃ yugaggāho appaṭinissaggo – ayaṃ vuccati paḷāso. Yassa puggalassa ayaṃ paḷāso pahīno – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘apaḷāsī’’.
什么是无恼者?于此,什么是恼?凡是恼、恼行、恼状态、恼语、诤论之处、轭的执取、不舍弃——这称为恼。凡是补特伽罗已舍断此恼——这称为补特伽罗「无恼者」。
§69
Katamo ca puggalo anissukī? Tattha katamā issā? Yā paralābhasakkāragarukāramānanavandanapūjanāsu issā issāyanā issāyitattaṃ usūyā usūyanā usūyitattaṃ – ayaṃ vuccati issā. Yassa puggalassa ayaṃ issā pahīnā – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘anissukī’’.
什么是无嫉者?于此,什么是嫉?凡是对他人的利养、恭敬、尊重、礼敬、礼拜、供养的嫉、嫉行、嫉状态、妒、妒行、妒状态——这称为嫉。凡是补特伽罗已舍断此嫉——这称为补特伽罗「无嫉者」。
§70
Katamo ca pugalo amaccharī? Tattha katamaṃ macchariyaṃ? Pañca macchariyāni – āvāsamacchariyaṃ, kulamacchariyaṃ, lābhamacchariyaṃ, vaṇṇamacchariyaṃ, dhammamacchariyaṃ. Yaṃ evarūpaṃ maccheraṃ maccharāyanā maccharāyitattaṃ vevicchaṃ kadariyaṃ kaṭukañcukatā aggahitattaṃ cittassa – idaṃ vuccati macchariyaṃ. Yassa puggalassa idaṃ macchariyaṃ pahīnaṃ – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘amaccharī’’.
什么是无悭者?于此,什么是悭?五种悭——住所悭、家族悭、利养悭、称赞悭、法悭。凡是如此的悭、悭行、悭状态、分离、吝啬、紧缩、心的不施与——这称为悭。凡是补特伽罗已舍断此悭——这称为补特伽罗「无悭者」。
§71
Katamo ca puggalo asaṭho? Tattha katamaṃ sāṭheyyaṃ? Idhekacco saṭho hoti parisaṭho. Yaṃ tattha saṭhaṃ saṭhatā sāṭheyyaṃ kakkaratā kakkariyaṃ parikkhattatā pārikkhattiyaṃ – idaṃ vuccati sāṭheyyaṃ. Yassa puggalassa idaṃ sāṭheyyaṃ pahīnaṃ – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘asaṭho’’.
什么是无诳者?于此,什么是诳?于此,某人是诳者、极诳者。凡于此的诳、诳性、诳状态、狡猾、狡猾性、欺骗、欺骗性——这称为诳。凡是补特伽罗已舍断此诳——这称为补特伽罗「无诳者」。
§72
Katamo ca puggalo amāyāvī? Tattha katamā māyā? Idhekacco puggalo kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā vācāya duccaritaṃ caritvā manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā tassa paṭicchādanahetu pāpikaṃ icchaṃ paṇidahati – ‘‘mā maṃ jaññā’’ti icchati, ‘‘mā maṃ jaññā’’ti saṅkappati, ‘‘mā maṃ jaññā’’ti vācaṃ bhāsati, ‘‘mā maṃ jaññā’’ti kāyena parakkamati. Yā evarūpā māyā māyāvitā accāsarā vañcanā nikati vikiraṇā pariharaṇā gūhanā parigūhanā chādanā paṭicchādanā anuttānīkammaṃ anāvikammaṃ vocchādanā pāpakiriyā – ayaṃ vuccati māyā. Yassa puggalassa ayaṃ māyā pahīnā – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘amāyāvī’’.
什么是无谄者?于此,什么是谄?于此,某补特伽罗以身行恶行后、以语行恶行后、以意行恶行后,为了覆藏它而发起恶欲——他欲「愿他们不知道我」,他思惟「愿他们不知道我」,他说「愿他们不知道我」之语,他以身努力「愿他们不知道我」。凡是如此的谄、谄曲、欺诈、欺骗、诡计、散布、回避、隐藏、覆藏、遮盖、覆盖、不显露、不公开、遮蔽、恶行——这称为谄。凡是补特伽罗已舍断此谄——这称为补特伽罗「无谄者」。
§73
Katamo ca puggalo hirimā? Tattha katamā hirī? Yaṃ hirīyati hiriyitabbena hirīyati pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā – ayaṃ vuccati hirī. Imāya hiriyā samannāgato puggalo ‘‘hirimā’’.
什么是有惭的补特伽罗?于此,什么是惭?凡以应惭而惭,惭于诸恶不善法的获得——这称为惭。具足此惭的补特伽罗为「有惭者」。
§74
Katamo ca puggalo ottappī? Tattha katamaṃ ottappaṃ? Yaṃ ottappati ottappitabbena ottappati pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā – idaṃ vuccati ottappaṃ. Iminā ottappena samannāgato puggalo ‘‘ottappī’’.
什么是有愧的补特伽罗?于此,什么是愧?凡以应愧而愧,愧于诸恶不善法的获得——这称为愧。具足此愧的补特伽罗为「有愧者」。
§75
Katamo ca puggalo suvaco? Tattha katamā sovacassatā? Sahadhammike vuccamāne sovacassāyaṃ sovacassiyaṃ sovacassatā avippaṭikulaggāhitā avipaccanīkasātatā sādariyaṃ sādariyatā sagāravatā sappatissavatā – ayaṃ vuccati sovacassatā. Imāya sovacassatāya samannāgato puggalo ‘‘suvaco’’.
什么是易受教的补特伽罗?于此,什么是易受教性?当以如法而说时的易受教性、易受教、易受教性、不违逆地接受、不反对地持续、恭敬、恭敬性、尊重、尊敬——这称为易受教性。具足此易受教性的补特伽罗为「易受教者」。
§76
Katamo ca puggalo kalyāṇamitto? Tattha katamā kalyāṇamittatā? Ye te puggalā saddhā sīlavanto bahussutā cāgavanto paññavanto, yā tesaṃ sevanā nisevanā saṃsevanā bhajanā sambhajanā bhatti sambhatti sampavaṅkatā – ayaṃ vuccati kalyāṇamittatā. Imāya kalyāṇamittatāya samannāgato puggalo ‘‘kalyāṇamitto’’.
什么是善友的补特伽罗?于此,什么是善友性?凡那些具信、具戒、多闻、慷慨、具慧的补特伽罗,对他们的亲近、亲近、常亲近、交往、常交往、亲爱、常亲爱、倾向——这称为善友性。具足此善友性的补特伽罗为「善友者」。
§77
Katamo ca puggalo indriyesu guttadvāro? Tattha katamā indriyesu guttadvāratā? Idhekacco puggalo cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī; yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā…pe… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā…pe… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī; yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati manindriyaṃ, manindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Yā imesaṃ channaṃ indriyānaṃ gutti gopanā ārakkho saṃvaro – ayaṃ vuccati indriyesu guttadvāratā. Imāya indriyesu guttadvāratāya samannāgato puggalo ‘‘indriyesu guttadvāro’’.
什么是诸根门防护的补特伽罗?于此,什么是诸根门防护性?于此,某补特伽罗以眼见色后,不取相、不取随相;因为当住于眼根未防护时,贪忧、诸恶不善法会流入,他为其防护而行道,守护眼根,于眼根达到防护。以耳闻声后……以鼻嗅香后……以舌尝味后……以身触所触后……以意识法后,不取相、不取随相;因为当住于意根未防护时,贪忧、诸恶不善法会流入,他为其防护而行道,守护意根,于意根达到防护。凡对这六根的守护、保护、防护、防护——这称为诸根门防护性。具足此诸根门防护性的补特伽罗为「诸根门防护者」。
§78
Katamo ca puggalo bhojane mattaññū? Tattha katamā bhojane mattaññutā? Idhekacco puggalo paṭisaṅkhā yoniso āhāraṃ āhāreti – ‘‘neva davāya, na madāya, na maṇḍanāya, na vibhūsanāya; yāvadeva imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā yāpanāya vihiṃsūparatiyā brahmacariyānuggahāya. Iti purāṇañca vedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi, navañca vedanaṃ na uppādessāmi, yātrā ca me bhavissati anavajjatā ca phāsuvihāro cā’’ti. Yā tattha santuṭṭhitā mattaññutā paṭisaṅkhā bhojane – ayaṃ vuccati bhojane mattaññutā. Imāya bhojane mattaññutāya samannāgato puggalo ‘‘bhojane mattaññū’’.
什么是饮食知量的补特伽罗?于此,什么是饮食知量性?于此,某补特伽罗如理省察而食用食物——「非为嬉戏,非为骄慢,非为装饰,非为庄严;只是为了此身的住立、存续,为了止息伤害,为了资助梵行。如此,我将灭除旧受,不生起新受,我将有存续、无过失与安乐住。」凡于此的知足、知量、省察于饮食——这称为饮食知量性。具足此饮食知量性的补特伽罗为「饮食知量者」。
§79
Katamo ca puggalo upaṭṭhitassati? Tattha katamā sati? Yā sati anussati paṭissati sati saraṇatā dhāraṇatā apilāpanatā asammusanatā sati satindriyaṃ satibalaṃ sammāsati – ayaṃ vuccati sati. Imāya satiyā samannāgato puggalo ‘‘upaṭṭhitassati’’.
什么是现起念的补特伽罗?于此,什么是念?凡念、随念、回忆、念、忆念性、持、不忘失、不失念、念、念根、念力、正念——这称为念。具足此念的补特伽罗为「现起念者」。
§80
Katamo ca puggalo sampajāno? Tattha katamaṃ sampajaññaṃ? Yā paññā pajānanā vicayo pavicayo dhammavicayo sallakkhaṇā upalakkhaṇā paccupalakkhaṇā paṇḍiccaṃ kosallaṃ nepuññaṃ vebhabyā cintā upaparikkhā bhūrī medhā pariṇāyikā vipassanā sampajaññaṃ patodo paññā paññindriyaṃ paññābalaṃ paññāsatthaṃ paññāpāsādo paññāāloko paññāobhāso paññāpajjoto paññāratanaṃ amoho dhammavicayo sammādiṭṭhi – idaṃ vuccati sampajaññaṃ. Iminā sampajaññena samannāgato puggalo ‘‘sampajāno’’.
什么是正知的补特伽罗?于此,什么是正知?凡慧、了知、简择、抉择、择法、观察、思察、近观察、聪睿、巧妙、精巧、辨别、思惟、考察、广慧、睿智、导慧、观、正知、激励、慧、慧根、慧力、慧剑、慧殿、慧光、慧明、慧炬、慧宝、无痴、择法、正见——这称为正知。具足此正知的补特伽罗为「正知者」。
§81
Katamo ca puggalo sīlasampanno? Tattha katamā sīlasampadā? Kāyiko avītikkamo vācasiko avītikkamo kāyikavācasiko avītikkamo – ayaṃ vuccati sīlasampadā. Sabbopi sīlasaṃvaro sīlasampadā. Imāya sīlasampadāya samannāgato puggalo ‘‘sīlasampanno’’.
什么是具戒者?在此,什么是戒具足?身不违犯、语不违犯、身语不违犯——这称为戒具足。一切戒律仪都是戒具足。具备此戒具足的补特伽罗为「具戒者」。
§82
Katamo ca puggalo diṭṭhisampanno? Tattha katamā diṭṭhisampadā? ‘‘Atthi dinnaṃ, atthi yiṭṭhaṃ, atthi hutaṃ, atthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko, atthi ayaṃ loko, atthi paro loko, atthi mātā, atthi pitā, atthi sattā opapātikā, atthi loke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sammaggatā sammāpaṭipannā ye imañca lokaṃ parañca lokaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentī’’ti. Yā evarūpā paññā pajānanā…pe… amoho dhammavicayo sammādiṭṭhi – ayaṃ vuccati diṭṭhisampadā. Sabbāpi sammādiṭṭhi diṭṭhisampadā. Imāya diṭṭhisampadāya samannāgato puggalo ‘‘diṭṭhisampanno’’.
什么是具见者?在此,什么是见具足?「有布施,有供养,有祭祀,有善作恶作诸业的果与异熟,有此世,有他世,有母,有父,有化生众生,于世间有正行、正行道的沙门婆罗门,他们以自己的证智作证后宣说此世与他世。」凡如是的慧、了知……(中略)……无痴、择法、正见——这称为见具足。一切正见都是见具足。具备此见具足的补特伽罗为「具见者」。
§83
Katame dve puggalā dullabhā lokasmiṃ? Yo ca pubbakārī, yo ca kataññū katavedī – ime dve puggalā dullabhā lokasmiṃ.
哪两种补特伽罗在世间难得?先作者与知恩、知报恩者——这两种补特伽罗在世间难得。
§84
Katame dve puggalā duttappayā? Yo ca laddhaṃ laddhaṃ nikkhipati, yo ca laddhaṃ laddhaṃ vissajjeti – ime dve puggalā ‘‘duttappayā’’.
哪两种补特伽罗难以满足?凡所得的一再积聚者,与凡所得的一再施舍者——这两种补特伽罗「难以满足」。
§85
Katame dve puggalā sutappayā? Yo ca laddhaṃ laddhaṃ na nikkhipati, yo ca laddhaṃ laddhaṃ na vissajjeti – ime dve puggalā ‘‘sutappayā’’.
哪两种补特伽罗易于满足?凡所得的不积聚者,与凡所得的不施舍者——这两种补特伽罗「易于满足」。
§86
Katamesaṃ dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ āsavā vaḍḍhanti? Yo ca na kukkuccāyitabbaṃ kukkuccāyati, yo ca kukkuccāyitabbaṃ na kukkuccāyati – imesaṃ dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ āsavā vaḍḍhanti.
哪两种补特伽罗的诸漏增长?不应追悔而追悔者,与应追悔而不追悔者——这两种补特伽罗的诸漏增长。
§87
Katamesaṃ dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ āsavā na vaḍḍhanti? Yo ca na kukkuccāyitabbaṃ na kukkuccāyati, yo ca kukkuccāyitabbaṃ kukkuccāyati – imesaṃ dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ āsavā na vaḍḍhanti.
哪两种补特伽罗的诸漏不增长?不应追悔而不追悔者,与应追悔而追悔者——这两种补特伽罗的诸漏不增长。
§88
Katamo ca puggalo hīnādhimutto? Idhekacco puggalo dussīlo hoti pāpadhammo, so aññaṃ dussīlaṃ pāpadhammaṃ sevati bhajati payirupāsati – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘hīnādhimutto’’.
什么是意向低劣者?于此,某补特伽罗是破戒者、恶法者,他亲近、结交、须跋其他破戒的恶法者——这称为补特伽罗「意向低劣者」。
§89
Katamo ca puggalo paṇītādhimutto? Idhekacco puggalo sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo, so aññaṃ sīlavantaṃ kalyāṇadhammaṃ sevati bhajati payirupāsati – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘paṇītādhimutto’’.
什么是胜意乐者?这里,某人具戒,是善法者,他亲近、交往、须跋其他具戒的善法者——这被称为「胜意乐者」。
§90
Katamo ca puggalo titto? Paccekasambuddhā ye ca tathāgatassa sāvakā arahanto tittā. Sammāsambuddho titto ca tappetā ca .
什么是满足者?辟支佛们以及如来的阿拉汉弟子们是满足者。正等正觉者既是满足者也是令满足者。
Dukaniddeso. · 二法分别
3. Tikapuggalapaññatti3. 三法人施设
§91
Katamo ca puggalo nirāso? Idhekacco puggalo dussīlo hoti pāpadhammo asuci saṅkassarasamācāro paṭicchannakammanto assamaṇo samaṇapaṭiñño abrahmacārī brahmacāripaṭiñño antopūti avassuto kasambujāto. So suṇāti – ‘‘itthannāmo kira bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Tassa na evaṃ hoti – ‘‘kudāssu nāmāhampi āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissāmī’’ti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘nirāso’’.
什么是无希望者?这里,某人破戒,是恶法者,须跋,行为可疑,隐藏所作,非沙门而自称沙门,非梵行者而自称梵行者,内部腐烂,漏泄,污秽所生。他听闻:「某某比库据说以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证,具足住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。」他不这样想:「什么时候我也能以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证,具足住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱呢?」这被称为「无希望者」。
§92
Katamo ca puggalo āsaṃso? Idhekacco puggalo sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo. So suṇāti – ‘‘itthannāmo kira bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘‘kudāssu nāmāhampi āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissāmī’’ti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘āsaṃso’’.
什么是有希望者?这里,某人具戒,是善法者。他听闻:「某某比库据说以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证,具足住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。」他这样想:「什么时候我也能以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证,具足住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱呢?」这被称为「有希望者」。
§93
Katamo ca puggalo vigatāso? Idhekacco puggalo āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. So suṇāti – ‘‘itthannāmo kira bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Tassa na evaṃ hoti – ‘‘kudāssu nāmāhampi āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissāmī’’ti. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yā hissa pubbe avimuttassa vimuttāsā, sā paṭippassaddhā. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘vigatāso’’.
什么是离希望者?这里,某人以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证,具足住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。他听闻:「某某比库据说以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证,具足住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。」他不这样想:「什么时候我也能以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证,具足住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱呢?」那是什么原因?因为他先前未解脱时的解脱希望已经止息了。这被称为「离希望者」。
§94
Tattha katame tayo gilānūpamā puggalā? Tayo gilānā – idhekacco gilāno labhanto vā sappāyāni bhojanāni alabhanto vā sappāyāni bhojanāni, labhanto vā sappāyāni bhesajjāni alabhanto vā sappāyāni bhesajjāni, labhanto vā patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ alabhanto vā patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ, neva vuṭṭhāti tamhā ābādhā. (1)
在那里,什么是三种如病人的补特伽罗?三种病人——这里,某病人无论得到适宜的食物或未得到适宜的食物,无论得到适宜的药物或未得到适宜的药物,无论得到适当的看护者或未得到适当的看护者,都不能从那疾病痊愈。(1)
Idha panekacco gilāno labhanto vā sappāyāni bhojanāni alabhanto vā sappāyāni bhojanāni, labhanto vā sappāyāni bhesajjāni alabhanto vā sappāyāni bhesajjāni, labhanto vā patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ alabhanto vā patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ, vuṭṭhāti tamhā ābādhā. (2)
这里,某病人无论得到适宜的食物或未得到适宜的食物,无论得到适宜的药物或未得到适宜的药物,无论得到适当的看护者或未得到适当的看护者,都能从那疾病痊愈。(2)
Idha panekacco gilāno labhanto sappāyāni bhojanāni no alabhanto, labhanto sappāyāni bhesajjāni no alabhanto, labhanto patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ no alabhanto, vuṭṭhāti tamhā ābādhā. (3)
这里,某病人得到适宜的食物才能痊愈而非未得到,得到适宜的药物才能痊愈而非未得到,得到适当的看护者才能痊愈而非未得到,能从那疾病痊愈。(3)
Tatra yvāyaṃ gilāno labhanto sappāyāni bhojanāni no alabhanto, labhanto sappāyāni bhesajjāni no alabhanto, labhanto patirūpaṃ upaṭṭhākaṃ no alabhanto, vuṭṭhāti tamhā ābādhā, imaṃ gilānaṃ paṭicca bhagavatā gilānabhattaṃ anuññātaṃ gilānabhesajjaṃ anuññātaṃ gilānupaṭṭhāko anuññāto. Imañca pana gilānaṃ paṭicca aññepi gilānā upaṭṭhātabbā.
于此,这位病人,得到适宜的食物或不得到,得到适宜的药物或不得到,得到适当的看护者或不得到,他从那疾病中痊愈,因这位病人之故,世尊允许病人食、允许病人药、允许病人看护者。而且,因这位病人之故,其他病人也应被看护。
Evamevaṃ tayo gilānūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Idhekacco puggalo labhanto vā tathāgataṃ dassanāya alabhanto vā tathāgataṃ dassanāya, labhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savaṇāya alabhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savaṇāya, neva okkamati niyāmaṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ. (1)
如是,三种如病人的补特伽罗存在、被发现于世间。哪三种?于此,某补特伽罗,得到见如来或不得到见如来,得到听闻如来所宣说的法与律或不得到听闻如来所宣说的法与律,他不进入善法中的正性决定。(1)
Idha panekacco puggalo labhanto vā tathāgataṃ dassanāya alabhanto vā tathāgataṃ dassanāya, labhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savaṇāya alabhanto vā tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savaṇāya, okkamati niyāmaṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ. (2)
于此,某补特伽罗,得到见如来或不得到见如来,得到听闻如来所宣说的法与律或不得到听闻如来所宣说的法与律,他进入善法中的正性决定。(2)
Idha panekacco puggalo labhanto tathāgataṃ dassanāya no alabhanto, labhanto tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savaṇāya no alabhanto, okkamati niyāmaṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ. (3)
于此,某补特伽罗,得到见如来而非不得到,得到听闻如来所宣说的法与律而非不得到,他进入善法中的正性决定。(3)
Tatra yvāyaṃ puggalo labhanto tathāgataṃ dassanāya no alabhanto, labhanto tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ savaṇāya no alabhanto , okkamati niyāmaṃ kusalesu dhammesu sammattaṃ, imaṃ puggalaṃ paṭicca bhagavatā dhammadesanā anuññātā, imañca puggalaṃ paṭicca aññesampi dhammo desetabbo. Ime tayo gilānūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.
于此,这位补特伽罗,得到见如来而非不得到,得到听闻如来所宣说的法与律而非不得到,他进入善法中的正性决定,因这位补特伽罗之故,世尊允许说法,而且因这位补特伽罗之故,也应对其他人说法。这三种如病人的补特伽罗存在、被发现于世间。
§95
Katamo ca puggalo kāyasakkhī? Idhekacco puggalo aṭṭha vimokkhe kāyena phusitvā viharati, paññāya cassa disvā ekacce āsavā parikkhīṇā honti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘kāyasakkhī’’.
什么是身证者补特伽罗?于此,某补特伽罗以身触八解脱而住,以慧见之后,他的某些漏已被灭尽——这被称为「身证者」补特伽罗。
§96
Katamo ca puggalo diṭṭhippatto? Idhekacco puggalo ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, tathāgatappaveditā cassa dhammā paññāya vodiṭṭhā honti vocaritā, paññāya cassa disvā ekacce āsavā parikkhīṇā honti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘diṭṭhippatto’’.
什么是见至者补特伽罗?于此,某补特伽罗如实了知「这是苦」,如实了知「这是苦集」,如实了知「这是苦灭」,如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」,如来所宣说的诸法以慧被审察、被思量,以慧见之后,他的某些漏已被灭尽——这被称为「见至者」补特伽罗。
§97
Katamo ca puggalo saddhāvimutto? Idhekacco puggalo ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… tathāgatappaveditā cassa dhammā paññāya vodiṭṭhā honti vocaritā, paññāya cassa disvā ekacce āsavā parikkhīṇā honti, no ca kho yathādiṭṭhippattassa – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘saddhāvimutto’’.
什么是信解脱者补特伽罗?于此,某补特伽罗如实了知「这是苦」……(中略)……如来所宣说的诸法以慧被审察、被思量,以慧见之后,他的某些漏已被灭尽,但不如见至者那样——这被称为「信解脱者」补特伽罗。
§98
Katamo ca puggalo gūthabhāṇī? Idhekacco puggalo musāvādī hoti sabhaggato vā parisaggato vā ñātimajjhagato vā pūgamajjhagato vā rājakulamajjhagato vā abhinīto sakkhipuṭṭho – ‘‘ehambho , purisa, yaṃ jānāsi taṃ vadehī’’ti, so ajānaṃ vā āha – ‘‘jānāmī’’ti, jānaṃ vā āha – ‘‘na jānāmī’’ti, apassaṃ vā āha – ‘‘passāmī’’ti, passaṃ vā āha – ‘‘na passāmī’’ti. Iti attahetu vā parahetu vā āmisakiñcikkhahetu vā sampajānamusā bhāsitā hoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘gūthabhāṇī’’.
什么是粪语者补特伽罗?这里,某人是妄语者,到了集会,或到了众中,或到了亲族中间,或到了团体中间,或到了王族中间,被带去作为证人被询问——「喂,你这个人,你知道什么就说什么」,他不知道却说「我知道」,或知道却说「我不知道」,或没看见却说「我看见」,或看见了却说「我没看见」。如此,为了自己的缘故,或为了他人的缘故,或为了些微利养的缘故,他故意说妄语——这被称为「粪语者」补特伽罗。
§99
Katamo ca puggalo pupphabhāṇī? Idhekacco puggalo musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato hoti sabhaggato vā parisaggato vā ñātimajjhagato vā pūgamajjhagato vā rājakulamajjhagato vā abhinīto sakkhipuṭṭho – ‘‘ehambho, purisa, yaṃ jānāsi taṃ vadehī’’ti, so ajānaṃ vā āha – ‘‘na jānāmī’’ti, jānaṃ vā āha – ‘‘jānāmī’’ti, apassaṃ vā āha – ‘‘na passāmī’’ti, passaṃ vā āha – ‘‘passāmī’’ti. Iti attahetu vā parahetu vā āmisakiñcikkhahetu vā na sampajānamusā bhāsitā hoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘pupphabhāṇī’’.
什么是花语者补特伽罗?这里,某人舍断妄语,离妄语,到了集会,或到了众中,或到了亲族中间,或到了团体中间,或到了王族中间,被带去作为证人被询问——「喂,你这个人,你知道什么就说什么」,他不知道就说「我不知道」,或知道就说「我知道」,或没看见就说「我没看见」,或看见了就说「我看见」。如此,为了自己的缘故,或为了他人的缘故,或为了些微利养的缘故,他不故意说妄语——这被称为「花语者」补特伽罗。
§100
Katamo ca puggalo madhubhāṇī? Idhekacco puggalo yā sā vācā nelā kaṇṇasukhā pemaniyā hadayaṅgamā porī bahujanakantā bahujanamanāpā, tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘madhubhāṇī’’.
什么是蜜语者补特伽罗?这里,某人说那种柔和的、悦耳的、可爱的、深入人心的、优雅的、众人喜爱的、众人可意的语言——这被称为「蜜语者」补特伽罗。
§101
Katamo ca puggalo arukūpamacitto? Idhekacco puggalo kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo, appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati , kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Seyyathāpi nāma duṭṭhāruko kaṭṭhena vā kaṭhalāya vā ghaṭṭito bhiyyoso mattāya āsavaṃ deti , evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo, appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati, kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘arukūpamacitto’’.
什么是疮心补特伽罗?这里,某人易怒,多恼害,即使被说少许也激怒、发怒、嗔恨、固执,显示忿怒、嗔恨、不满。譬如恶疮被木棍或瓦片触碰就更加流脓,同样地,这里某人易怒,多恼害,即使被说少许也激怒、发怒、嗔恨、固执,显示忿怒、嗔恨、不满——这被称为「疮心」补特伽罗。
§102
Katamo ca puggalo vijjūpamacitto? Idhekacco puggalo ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Seyyathāpi nāma cakkhumā puriso rattandhakāratimisāya vijjantarikāya rūpāni passeyya, evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti , ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘vijjūpamacitto’’.
什么是电心补特伽罗?这里,某人如实了知「这是苦」,如实了知「这是苦集」,如实了知「这是苦灭」,如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」。譬如有眼之人在黑夜黑暗中借闪电之光看见诸色,同样地,这里某人如实了知「这是苦」,如实了知「这是苦集」,如实了知「这是苦灭」,如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」——这被称为「电心」补特伽罗。
§103
Katamo ca puggalo vajirūpamacitto? Idhekacco puggalo āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Seyyathāpi nāma vajirassa natthi kiñci abhejjaṃ maṇi vā pāsāṇo vā, evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘vajirūpamacitto’’.
什么是金刚心补特伽罗?这里,某人以诸漏尽,于现法中以自己的证智作证、具足住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。譬如金刚没有任何不能破的宝石或石头,同样地,这里某人以诸漏尽,于现法中以自己的证智作证、具足住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱——这被称为「金刚心」补特伽罗。
§104
Katamo ca puggalo andho? Idhekaccassa puggalassa tathārūpaṃ cakkhu na hoti yathārūpena cakkhunā anadhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ adhigaccheyya, adhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ phātiṃ kareyya; tathārūpampissa cakkhu na hoti yathārūpena cakkhunā kusalākusale dhamme jāneyya, sāvajjānavajje dhamme jāneyya, hīnappaṇīte dhamme jāneyya, kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāge dhamme jāneyya – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘andho’’.
什么是盲者补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗没有那样的眼,以那样的眼他能获得未获得的财富,或能增长已获得的财富;他也没有那样的眼,以那样的眼他能知善不善法,能知有罪无罪法,能知劣胜法,能知黑白相对法——这被称为「盲者」补特伽罗。
§105
Katamo ca puggalo ekacakkhu? Idhekaccassa puggalassa tathārūpaṃ cakkhu hoti , yathārūpena cakkhunā anadhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ adhigaccheyya, adhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ phātiṃ kareyya; tathārūpampissa cakkhu na hoti yathārūpena cakkhunā kusalākusale dhamme jāneyya, sāvajjānavajje dhamme jāneyya, hīnappaṇīte dhamme jāneyya, kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāge dhamme jāneyya – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘ekacakkhu’’.
什么是独眼者补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗有那样的眼,以那样的眼他能获得未获得的财富,或能增长已获得的财富;但他没有那样的眼,以那样的眼他能知善不善法,能知有罪无罪法,能知劣胜法,能知黑白相对法——这被称为「独眼者」补特伽罗。
§106
Katamo ca puggalo dvicakkhu? Idhekaccassa puggalassa tathārūpaṃ cakkhu hoti yathārūpena cakkhunā anadhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ adhigaccheyya, adhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ phātiṃ kareyya; tathārūpampissa cakkhu hoti yathārūpena cakkhunā kusalākusale dhamme jāneyya, sāvajjānavajje dhamme jāneyya, hīnappaṇīte dhamme jāneyya, kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāge dhamme jāneyya – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘dvicakkhu’’.
什么是双眼者?这里,某人有如此之眼,以如此之眼,他能获得未获得的财富,或能增长已获得的财富;他有如此之眼,以如此之眼,他能了知善与不善法,能了知有罪与无罪法,能了知劣与胜法,能了知黑白相对法——这称为「双眼者」。
§107
Katamo ca puggalo avakujjapañño? Idhekacco puggalo ārāmaṃ gantā hoti abhikkhaṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammassavaṇāya . Tassa bhikkhū dhammaṃ desenti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsenti. So tasmiṃ āsane nisinno tassā kathāya neva ādiṃ manasi karoti, na majjhaṃ manasi karoti, na pariyosānaṃ manasi karoti. Vuṭṭhitopi tamhā āsanā tassā kathāya neva ādiṃ manasi karoti, na majjhaṃ manasi karoti, na pariyosānaṃ manasi karoti. Seyyathāpi nāma kumbho nikkujjo tatra udakaṃ āsittaṃ vivaṭṭati, no saṇṭhāti; evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo ārāmaṃ gantā hoti abhikkhaṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammassavaṇāya . Tassa bhikkhū dhammaṃ desenti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsenti. So tasmiṃ āsane nisinno tassā kathāya neva ādiṃ manasi karoti, na majjhaṃ manasi karoti, na pariyosānaṃ manasi karoti. Vuṭṭhitopi tamhā āsanā tassā kathāya neva ādiṃ manasi karoti, na majjhaṃ manasi karoti, na pariyosānaṃ manasi karoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘avakujjapañño’’.
什么是覆慧者?这里,某人常去园林,常到比库们那里听法。比库们为他说法,初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,开显完全圆满、清净的梵行。他坐在那座位上,对那说法既不作意开始,不作意中间,不作意结尾。从那座位起来后,对那说法也既不作意开始,不作意中间,不作意结尾。譬如倒覆的水瓶,倒入其中的水流散,不停留;同样地,这里某人常去园林,常到比库们那里听法。比库们为他说法,初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,开显完全圆满、清净的梵行。他坐在那座位上,对那说法既不作意开始,不作意中间,不作意结尾。从那座位起来后,对那说法也既不作意开始,不作意中间,不作意结尾——这称为「覆慧者」。
§108
Katamo ca puggalo ucchaṅgapañño? Idhekacco puggalo ārāmaṃ gantā hoti abhikkhaṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammassavaṇāya. Tassa bhikkhū dhammaṃ desenti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsenti. So tasmiṃ āsane nisinno tassā kathāya ādimpi manasi karoti, majjhampi manasi karoti, pariyosānampi manasi karoti. Vuṭṭhito ca kho tamhā āsanā tassā kathāya neva ādiṃ manasi karoti, na majjhaṃ manasi karoti, na pariyosānaṃ manasi karoti. Seyyathāpi nāma purisassa ucchaṅge nānākhajjakāni ākiṇṇāni – tilā taṇḍulā modakā badarā. So tamhā āsanā vuṭṭhahanto satisammosā pakireyya. Evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo ārāmaṃ gantā hoti abhikkhaṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammassavaṇāya. Tassa bhikkhū dhammaṃ desenti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsenti. So tasmiṃ āsane nisinno tassā kathāya ādimpi manasi karoti, majjhampi manasi karoti, pariyosānampi manasi karoti. Vuṭṭhito ca kho tamhā āsanā tassā kathāya neva ādimpi manasi karoti, na majjhampi manasi karoti, na pariyosānampi manasi karoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘ucchaṅgapañño’’.
什么是膝慧者?这里,某人常去园林,常到比库们那里听法。比库们为他说法,初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,开显完全圆满、清净的梵行。他坐在那座位上,对那说法作意开始,也作意中间,也作意结尾。但从那座位起来后,对那说法既不作意开始,不作意中间,不作意结尾。譬如在男子的膝上堆满各种食物——芝麻、米、糕点、枣子,他从那座位起来时,因念混乱而散落;同样地,这里某人常去园林,常到比库们那里听法。比库们为他说法,初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,开显完全圆满、清净的梵行。他坐在那座位上,对那说法作意开始,也作意中间,也作意结尾。但从那座位起来后,对那说法既不作意开始,也不作意中间,也不作意结尾——这称为「膝慧者」。
§109
Katamo ca puggalo puthupañño? Idhekacco puggalo ārāmaṃ gantā hoti abhikkhaṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammassavaṇāya. Tassa bhikkhū dhammaṃ desenti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsenti. So tasmiṃ āsane nisinno tassā kathāya ādimpi manasi karoti, majjhampi manasi karoti, pariyosānampi manasi karoti. Vuṭṭhitopi tamhā āsanā tassā kathāya ādimpi manasi karoti, majjhampi manasi karoti, pariyosānampi manasi karoti. Seyyathāpi nāma kumbho ukkujjo tatra udakaṃ āsittaṃ saṇṭhāti, no vivaṭṭati; evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo ārāmaṃ gantā honti abhikkhaṇaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dhammassavaṇāya. Tassa bhikkhū dhammaṃ desenti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsenti. So tasmiṃ āsane nisinno tassā kathāya ādimpi manasi karoti, majjhampi manasi karoti, pariyosānampi manasi karoti. Vuṭṭhitopi tamhā āsanā tassā kathāya ādimpi manasi karoti, majjhampi manasi karoti, pariyosānampi manasi karoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘puthupañño’’.
什么是广慧者?这里,某人常去园林,常到比库们那里听法。比库们为他说法,初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,开显完全圆满、清净的梵行。他坐在那座位上,对那说法作意开始,也作意中间,也作意结尾。从那座位起来后,对那说法也作意开始,也作意中间,也作意结尾。譬如正立的水瓶,倒入其中的水停留,不流散;同样地,这里某人常去园林,常到比库们那里听法。比库们为他说法,初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,开显完全圆满、清净的梵行。他坐在那座位上,对那说法作意开始,也作意中间,也作意结尾。从那座位起来后,对那说法也作意开始,也作意中间,也作意结尾——这称为「广慧者」。
§110
Katamo ca puggalo kāmesu ca bhavesu ca avītarāgo? Sotāpannasakadāgāmino – ime vuccanti puggalā ‘‘kāmesu ca bhavesu ca avītarāgā’’.
什么是对诸欲与诸有未离贪者?入流者与一来者——这些称为「对诸欲与诸有未离贪者」。
§111
Katamo ca puggalo kāmesu vītarāgo, bhavesu avītarāgo? Anāgāmī – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘kāmesu vītarāgo, bhavesu avītarāgo’’.
什么是对诸欲已离贪、对诸有未离贪者?不来者——这称为「对诸欲已离贪、对诸有未离贪者」。
§112
Katamo ca puggalo kāmesu ca bhavesu ca vītarāgo? Arahā – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘kāmesu ca bhavesu ca vītarāgo’’.
什么是对诸欲与诸有已离贪者?阿拉汉——这称为「对诸欲与诸有已离贪者」。
§113
Katamo ca puggalo pāsāṇalekhūpamo? Idhekacco puggalo abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho ciraṃ dīgharattaṃ anuseti. Seyyathāpi nāma pāsāṇe lekhā na khippaṃ lujjati vātena vā udakena vā, ciraṭṭhitikā hoti; evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho ciraṃ dīgharattaṃ anuseti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘pāsāṇalekhūpamo’’.
什么是如石刻者?这里,某人常常生气,他的那愤怒长久、长夜随逐。譬如石上的刻痕,不会被风或水迅速消除,能长久存在;同样地,这里某人常常生气,他的那愤怒长久、长夜随逐——这称为「如石刻者」。
§114
Katamo ca puggalo pathavilekhūpamo? Idhekacco puggalo abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho na ciraṃ dīgharattaṃ anuseti. Seyyathāpi nāma pathaviyā lekhā khippaṃ lujjati vātena vā udakena vā, na ciraṭṭhitikā hoti; evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho na ciraṃ dīgharattaṃ anuseti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘pathavilekhūpamo’’.
什么是地上画线相似的补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗时常生气,但他的嗔恚不会长久地随逐。犹如在地上画线,很快就被风或水所消除,不会长久存在;同样地,这里某补特伽罗时常生气,但他的嗔恚不会长久地随逐——这被称为「地上画线相似」的补特伽罗。
§115
Katamo ca puggalo udakalekhūpamo? Idhekacco puggalo āgāḷhenapi vuccamāno pharusenapi vuccamāno amanāpenapi vuccamāno saṃsandatimeva sandhiyatimeva sammodatimeva . Seyyathāpi nāma udake lekhā khippaṃ lujjati, na ciraṭṭhitikā hoti; evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo āgāḷhenapi vuccamāno pharusenapi vuccamāno amanāpenapi vuccamāno saṃsandatimeva sandhiyatimeva sammodatimeva – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘udakalekhūpamo’’.
什么是水上画线相似的补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗即使被说深刻的话、被说粗恶的话、被说不喜欢的话,仍然和合、和睦、欢喜。犹如在水上画线,很快就消失,不会长久存在;同样地,这里某补特伽罗即使被说深刻的话、被说粗恶的话、被说不喜欢的话,仍然和合、和睦、欢喜——这被称为「水上画线相似」的补特伽罗。
§116
Tattha katame tayo potthakūpamā puggalā? Tayo potthakā – navopi potthako dubbaṇṇo ceva hoti dukkhasamphasso ca appaggho ca, majjhimopi potthako dubbaṇṇo ceva hoti dukkhasamphasso ca appaggho ca, jiṇṇopi potthako dubbaṇṇo ceva hoti dukkhasamphasso ca appaggho ca. Jiṇṇampi potthakaṃ ukkhaliparimajjanaṃ vā karonti saṅkārakūṭe vā naṃ chaḍḍenti. Evamevaṃ tayome potthakūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā bhikkhūsu. Katame tayo? Navo cepi bhikkhu hoti dussīlo pāpadhammo, idamassa dubbaṇṇatāya. Seyyathāpi so potthako dubbaṇṇo, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Ye kho panassa sevanti bhajanti payirupāsanti diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjanti, tesaṃ taṃ hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya. Idamassa dukkhasamphassatāya. Seyyathāpi so potthako dukkhasamphasso, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Yesaṃ kho pana so paṭiggaṇhāti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ , tesaṃ taṃ na mahapphalaṃ hoti na mahānisaṃsaṃ. Idamassa appagghatāya. Seyyathāpi so potthako appaggho, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
在那里,什么是三种破布相似的补特伽罗?有三种破布——新的破布也是色恶、触苦、价贱,中等的破布也是色恶、触苦、价贱,旧的破布也是色恶、触苦、价贱。即使是旧破布,人们也用来擦拭臼,或将它丢弃在垃圾堆。同样地,这三种破布相似的补特伽罗存在、可见于诸比库中。哪三种?即使是新比库,若是破戒、恶法者,这是他的色恶。犹如那破布色恶,此补特伽罗相似于此。凡是亲近他、交往他、须跋他、随顺他见者,对他们来说,那会长久地导致无益与苦。这是他的触苦。犹如那破布触苦,此补特伽罗相似于此。凡是他接受衣、食、卧坐处、病者所需药品资具者,对他们来说,那不会有大果报、大利益。这是他的价贱。犹如那破布价贱,此补特伽罗相似于此。
Majjhimo cepi bhikkhu hoti…pe… thero cepi bhikkhu hoti dussīlo pāpadhammo, idamassa dubbaṇṇatāya. Seyyathāpi so potthako dubbaṇṇo, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Ye kho panassa sevanti bhajanti payirupāsanti diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjanti, tesaṃ taṃ hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya. Idamassa dukkhasamphassatāya. Seyyathāpi so potthako dukkhasamphasso, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Yesaṃ kho pana so paṭiggaṇhāti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ, tesaṃ taṃ na mahapphalaṃ hoti na mahānisaṃsaṃ. Idamassa appagghatāya. Seyyathāpi so potthako appaggho, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
即使是中等比库……即使是长老比库,若是破戒、恶法者,这是他的色恶。犹如那破布色恶,此补特伽罗相似于此。凡是亲近他、交往他、须跋他、随顺他见者,对他们来说,那会长久地导致无益与苦。这是他的触苦。犹如那破布触苦,此补特伽罗相似于此。凡是他接受衣、食、卧坐处、病者所需药品资具者,对他们来说,那不会有大果报、大利益。这是他的价贱。犹如那破布价贱,此补特伽罗相似于此。
Evarūpo ce thero bhikkhu saṅghamajjhe bhaṇati. Tamenaṃ bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho tuyhaṃ bālassa abyattassa bhaṇitena, tvampi nāma bhaṇitabbaṃ maññasī’’ti! So kupito anattamano tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ nicchāreti yathārūpāya vācāya saṅgho taṃ ukkhipati, saṅkārakūṭeva naṃ potthakaṃ. Ime tayo potthakūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā bhikkhūsu.
若这样的长老比库在僧团中说话,诸比库对他这样说——「你这愚痴者、无能者说什么呢?你也认为应该说话吗?」他愤怒、不满,说出这样的话,以这样的话,僧团驱摈他,犹如将破布丢弃在垃圾堆。这三种破布相似的补特伽罗存在、可见于诸比库中。
§117
Tattha katame tayo kāsikavatthūpamā puggalā? Tīṇi kāsikavatthāni – navampi kāsikavatthaṃ vaṇṇavantañceva hoti sukhasamphassañca mahagghañca, majjhimampi kāsikavatthaṃ vaṇṇavantañceva hoti sukhasamphassañca mahagghañca, jiṇṇampi kāsikavatthaṃ vaṇṇavantañceva hoti sukhasamphassañca mahagghañca. Jiṇṇampi kāsikavatthaṃ ratanapaliveṭhanaṃ vā karonti gandhakaraṇḍake vā naṃ nikkhipanti.
在那里,什么是三种咖西咖布相似的补特伽罗?有三种咖西咖布——新的咖西咖布也是色美、触乐、价贵,中等的咖西咖布也是色美、触乐、价贵,旧的咖西咖布也是色美、触乐、价贵。即使是旧咖西咖布,人们也用来包裹宝物,或将它放置在香盒中。
Evamevaṃ tayome kāsikavatthūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā bhikkhūsu. Katame tayo? Navo cepi bhikkhu hoti sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo , idamassa suvaṇṇatāya. Seyyathāpi taṃ kāsikavatthaṃ vaṇṇavantaṃ, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Ye kho panassa sevanti bhajanti payirupāsanti diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjanti, tesaṃ taṃ hoti dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya. Idamassa sukhasamphassatāya. Seyyathāpi taṃ kāsikavatthaṃ sukhasamphassaṃ, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Yesaṃ kho pana so paṭiggaṇhāti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ, tesaṃ taṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti mahānisaṃsaṃ. Idamassa mahagghatāya. Seyyathāpi taṃ kāsikavatthaṃ mahagghaṃ, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
同样地,这三种咖西咖布相似的补特伽罗存在、可见于诸比库中。哪三种?即使是新比库,若是持戒、善法者,这是他的善色。犹如那咖西咖布色美,此补特伽罗相似于此。凡是亲近他、交往他、须跋他、随顺他见者,对他们来说,那会长久地导致利益与安乐。这是他的触乐。犹如那咖西咖布触乐,此补特伽罗相似于此。凡是他接受衣、食、卧坐处、病者所需药品资具者,对他们来说,那会有大果报、大利益。这是他的价贵。犹如那咖西咖布价贵,此补特伽罗相似于此。
Majjhimo cepi bhikkhu…pe… thero cepi bhikkhu hoti sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo, idamassa suvaṇṇatāya. Seyyathāpi taṃ kāsikavatthaṃ vaṇṇavantaṃ, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Ye kho panassa sevanti bhajanti payirupāsanti diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjanti, tesaṃ taṃ hoti dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya. Idamassa sukhasamphassatāya. Seyyathāpi taṃ kāsikavatthaṃ sukhasamphassaṃ, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Yesaṃ kho pana so paṭiggaṇhāti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ, tesaṃ taṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti mahānisaṃsaṃ. Idamassa mahagghatāya. Seyyathāpi taṃ kāsikavatthaṃ mahagghaṃ, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
即使是中等比库……即使是长老比库,若是持戒、善法者,这是他的善色。犹如那咖西咖布色美,此补特伽罗相似于此。凡是亲近他、交往他、须跋他、随顺他见者,对他们来说,那会长久地导致利益与安乐。这是他的触乐。犹如那咖西咖布触乐,此补特伽罗相似于此。凡是他接受衣、食、卧坐处、病者所需药品资具者,对他们来说,那会有大果报、大利益。这是他的价贵。犹如那咖西咖布价贵,此补特伽罗相似于此。
Evarūpo ce thero bhikkhu saṅghamajjhe bhaṇati, tamenaṃ bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘appasaddā āyasmanto hotha, thero bhikkhu dhammañca vinayañca bhaṇatī’’ti. Tassa taṃ vacanaṃ ādheyyaṃ gacchati, gandhakaraṇḍakeva naṃ kāsikavatthaṃ. Ime tayo kāsikavatthūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā bhikkhūsu.
如果这样的长老比库在僧团中说话,诸比库对他这样说——「愿具寿们安静,长老比库正在说法与律」。他的话被接受,犹如香盒中的咖西咖布。这三种咖西咖布譬喻的人,存在、可见于诸比库中。
§118
Katamo ca puggalo suppameyyo? Idhekacco puggalo uddhato hoti unnaḷo capalo mukharo vikiṇṇavāco muṭṭhassati asampajāno asamāhito vibbhantacitto pākaṭindriyo – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘suppameyyo’’.
什么是易测度的人?这里,某人掉举、高举、轻躁、饶舌、杂语、失念、不正知、不得定、心散乱、诸根不防护——这被称为「易测度的人」。
§119
Katamo ca puggalo duppameyyo? Idhekacco puggalo anuddhato hoti anunnaḷo acapalo amukharo avikiṇṇavāco upaṭṭhitassati sampajāno samāhito ekaggacitto saṃvutindriyo – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘duppameyyo’’.
什么是难测度的人?这里,某人不掉举、不高举、不轻躁、不饶舌、不杂语、具念、正知、得定、心一境、诸根防护——这被称为「难测度的人」。
§120
Katamo ca puggalo appameyyo? Idhekacco puggalo āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘appameyyo’’.
什么是不可测度的人?这里,某人以诸漏尽,于现法自己以证智作证、具足无漏心解脱、慧解脱而住——这被称为「不可测度的人」。
§121
Katamo ca puggalo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo? Idhekacco puggalo hīno hoti sīlena samādhinā paññāya. Evarūpo puggalo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo, aññatra anuddayā aññatra anukampā.
什么是不应亲近、不应交往、不应须跋的人?这里,某人在戒、定、慧方面低劣。这样的人不应亲近、不应交往、不应须跋,除了怜悯,除了悲愍。
§122
Katamo ca puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo? Idhekacco puggalo sadiso hoti sīlena samādhinā paññāya. Evarūpo puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? ‘‘Sīlasāmaññagatānaṃ sataṃ sīlakathā ca no bhavissati, sā ca no phāsu bhavissati, sā ca no pavattinī bhavissati; samādhisāmaññagatānaṃ sataṃ samādhikathā ca no bhavissati, sā ca no phāsu bhavissati, sā ca no pavattinī bhavissati; paññāsāmaññagatānaṃ sataṃ paññākathā ca no bhavissati, sā ca no phāsu bhavissati, sā ca no pavattinī bhavissatī’’ti. Tasmā evarūpo puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo.
什么是应亲近、应交往、应须跋的人?这里,某人在戒、定、慧方面相等。这样的人应亲近、应交往、应须跋。那是什么原因?「与戒相等的善人们,我们将有戒的谈论,那对我们将是安乐的,那对我们将是进行的;与定相等的善人们,我们将有定的谈论,那对我们将是安乐的,那对我们将是进行的;与慧相等的善人们,我们将有慧的谈论,那对我们将是安乐的,那对我们将是进行的」。因此,这样的人应亲近、应交往、应须跋。
§123
Katamo ca puggalo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo? Idhekacco puggalo adhiko hoti sīlena samādhinā paññāya. Evarūpo puggalo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? ‘‘Aparipūraṃ vā sīlakkhandhaṃ paripūressāmi, paripūraṃ vā sīlakkhandhaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmi; aparipūraṃ vā samādhikkhandhaṃ paripūressāmi, paripūraṃ vā samādhikkhandhaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmi; aparipūraṃ vā paññākkhandhaṃ paripūressāmi, paripūraṃ vā paññākkhandhaṃ tattha tattha paññāya anuggahessāmī’’ti. Tasmā evarūpo puggalo sakkatvā garuṃ katvā sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo.
什么是应恭敬、应尊重而亲近、交往、须跋的人?这里,某人在戒、定、慧方面殊胜。这样的人应恭敬、应尊重而亲近、交往、须跋。那是什么原因?「我将圆满未圆满的戒蕴,或以慧在各处随护已圆满的戒蕴;我将圆满未圆满的定蕴,或以慧在各处随护已圆满的定蕴;我将圆满未圆满的慧蕴,或以慧在各处随护已圆满的慧蕴」。因此,这样的人应恭敬、应尊重而亲近、交往、须跋。
§124
Katamo ca puggalo jigucchitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo? Idhekacco puggalo dussīlo hoti pāpadhammo asuci saṅkassarasamācāro paṭicchannakammanto assamaṇo samaṇapaṭiñño abrahmacārī brahmacāripaṭiñño antopūti avassuto kasambujāto. Evarūpo puggalo jigucchitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? Kiñcāpi evarūpassa puggalassa na diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati, atha kho naṃ pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchati – ‘‘pāpamitto purisapuggalo pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko’’ti. Seyyathāpi nāma ahi gūthagato kiñcāpi na ḍaṃsati, atha kho naṃ makkheti; evamevaṃ kiñcāpi evarūpassa puggalassa na diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati, atha kho naṃ pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchati – ‘‘pāpamitto purisapuggalo pāpasahāyo pāpasampavaṅko’’ti! Tasmā evarūpo puggalo jigucchitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo.
什么是应厌恶、不应亲近、不应交往、不应须跋的人?这里,某人破戒、恶法、须跋、可疑行为、隐蔽业、非沙门而自称沙门、非梵行者而自称梵行者、内腐、漏泄、垢秽所生。这样的人应厌恶、不应亲近、不应交往、不应须跋。那是什么原因?虽然不陷入这样的人的见随行,但恶名声传出——「恶友的人、恶伴侣、恶同伴」。譬如蛇入粪中,虽然不咬,但涂污;同样地,虽然不陷入这样的人的见随行,但恶名声传出——「恶友的人、恶伴侣、恶同伴」!因此,这样的人应厌恶、不应亲近、不应交往、不应须跋。
§125
Katamo ca puggalo ajjhupekkhitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo? Idhekacco puggalo kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo, appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati, kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Seyyathāpi nāma duṭṭhāruko kaṭṭhena vā kaṭhalāya vā ghaṭṭito bhiyyoso mattāya āsavaṃ deti, evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo, appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati, kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Seyyathāpi nāma tindukālātaṃ kaṭṭhena vā kaṭhalāya vā ghaṭṭitaṃ bhiyyoso mattāya cicciṭāyati ciṭiciṭāyati, evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo, appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati, kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti. Seyyathāpi nāma gūthakūpo kaṭṭhena vā kaṭhalāya vā ghaṭṭito bhiyyoso mattāya duggandho hoti, evamevaṃ idhekacco puggalo kodhano hoti upāyāsabahulo, appampi vutto samāno abhisajjati kuppati byāpajjati patitthīyati, kopañca dosañca appaccayañca pātukaroti; evarūpo puggalo ajjhupekkhitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? ‘‘Akkoseyyapi maṃ paribhāseyyapi maṃ anatthampi me kareyyā’’ti! Tasmā evarūpo puggalo ajjhupekkhitabbo na sevitabbo na bhajitabbo na payirupāsitabbo.
什么是应当舍置、不应亲近、不应结交、不应须跋的人呢?这里,某人易怒、多恼,即使被说少许,也会激怒、生气、嗔恨、固执,显现忿怒、嗔恨与不满。犹如恶疮,被木棍或瓦片触碰时,会流出更多脓液;同样地,这里某人易怒、多恼,即使被说少许,也会激怒、生气、嗔恨、固执,显现忿怒、嗔恨与不满。犹如丁杜咖木炭,被木棍或瓦片触碰时,会发出更多嘶嘶声、劈啪声;同样地,这里某人易怒、多恼,即使被说少许,也会激怒、生气、嗔恨、固执,显现忿怒、嗔恨与不满。犹如粪坑,被木棍或瓦片触碰时,会更加恶臭;同样地,这里某人易怒、多恼,即使被说少许,也会激怒、生气、嗔恨、固执,显现忿怒、嗔恨与不满;这样的人应当舍置,不应亲近、不应结交、不应须跋。那是什么原因呢?「他可能会辱骂我、诽谤我、对我作不利之事」!因此,这样的人应当舍置,不应亲近、不应结交、不应须跋。
§126
Katamo ca puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo? Idhekacco puggalo sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo – evarūpo puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo. Taṃ kissa hetu? Kiñcāpi evarūpassa puggalassa na diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjati, atha kho naṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchati – ‘‘kalyāṇamitto purisapuggalo kalyāṇasahāyo kalyāṇasampavaṅko’’ti! Tasmā evarūpo puggalo sevitabbo bhajitabbo payirupāsitabbo.
什么是应亲近、应结交、应须跋的人呢?这里,某人具戒、善法者——这样的人应亲近、应结交、应须跋。那是什么原因呢?虽然不会陷入这样的人的见随行,但善名声会传扬——「善友之人、善伴、善侣」!因此,这样的人应亲近、应结交、应须跋。
§127
Katamo ca puggalo sīlesu paripūrakārī, samādhismiṃ mattaso kārī, paññāya mattaso kārī? Sotāpannasakadāgāmino – ime vuccanti puggalā sīlesu paripūrakārino, samādhismiṃ mattaso kārino, paññāya mattaso kārino.
什么是在诸戒中圆满行者、在定中适度行者、在慧中适度行者呢?入流者、一来者——这些被称为在诸戒中圆满行者、在定中适度行者、在慧中适度行者。
§128
Katamo ca puggalo sīlesu ca paripūrakārī, samādhismiñca paripūrakārī, paññāya mattaso kārī? Anāgāmī – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo sīlesu ca paripūrakārī, samādhismiñca paripūrakārī, paññāya mattaso kārī.
什么是在诸戒中圆满行者、在定中圆满行者、在慧中适度行者呢?不来者——这被称为在诸戒中圆满行者、在定中圆满行者、在慧中适度行者。
§129
Katamo ca puggalo sīlesu ca paripūrakārī, samādhismiñca paripūrakārī, paññāya ca paripūrakārī? Arahā – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo sīlesu ca paripūrakārī, samādhismiñca paripūrakārī, paññāya ca paripūrakārī.
什么是在诸戒中圆满行者、在定中圆满行者、在慧中圆满行者呢?阿拉汉——这被称为在诸戒中圆满行者、在定中圆满行者、在慧中圆满行者。
§130
Tattha katame tayo satthāro? Idhekacco satthā kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti , na rūpānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, na vedanānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti. Idha panekacco satthā kāmānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti, rūpānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti, na vedanānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti. Idha panekacco satthā kāmānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti, rūpānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti, vedanānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti.
在那里,什么是三种导师呢?这里,某导师施设诸欲的遍知,不施设诸色的遍知,不施设诸受的遍知。这里,某导师施设诸欲的遍知,施设诸色的遍知,不施设诸受的遍知。这里,某导师施设诸欲的遍知,施设诸色的遍知,施设诸受的遍知。
Tatra yvāyaṃ satthā kāmānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, na rūpānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, na vedanānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, rūpāvacarasamāpattiyā lābhī satthā tena daṭṭhabbo. Tatra yvāyaṃ satthā kāmānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti, rūpānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti, na vedanānaṃ pariññaṃ paññapeti, arūpāvacarasamāpattiyā lābhī satthā tena daṭṭhabbo. Tatra yvāyaṃ satthā kāmānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti, rūpānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti, vedanānañca pariññaṃ paññapeti, sammāsambuddho satthā tena daṭṭhabbo. Ime tayo satthāro.
在那里,凡那位施设诸欲的遍知、不施设诸色的遍知、不施设诸受的遍知的导师,应以获得色界等至的导师来看待。在那里,凡那位施设诸欲的遍知、施设诸色的遍知、不施设诸受的遍知的导师,应以获得无色界等至的导师来看待。在那里,凡那位施设诸欲的遍知、施设诸色的遍知、施设诸受的遍知的导师,应以正等正觉者导师来看待。这些是三种导师。
§131
Tattha katame aparepi tayo satthāro? Idhekacco satthā diṭṭhe ceva dhamme attānaṃ saccato thetato paññapeti, abhisamparāyañca attānaṃ saccato thetato paññapeti. Idha panekacco satthā diṭṭhe ceva dhamme attānaṃ saccato thetato paññapeti, no ca kho abhisamparāyaṃ attānaṃ saccato thetato paññapeti. Idha panekacco satthā diṭṭhe ceva dhamme attānaṃ saccato thetato na paññapeti, abhisamparāyañca attānaṃ saccato thetato na paññapeti.
在那里,什么是另外三种导师呢?这里,某导师在现见法中施设真实、确定的我,在来世也施设真实、确定的我。这里,某导师在现见法中施设真实、确定的我,但不在来世施设真实、确定的我。这里,某导师在现见法中不施设真实、确定的我,在来世也不施设真实、确定的我。
Tatra yvāyaṃ satthā diṭṭhe ceva dhamme attānaṃ saccato thetato paññapeti, abhisamparāyañca attānaṃ saccato thetato paññapeti, sassatavādo satthā tena daṭṭhabbo. Tatra yvāyaṃ satthā diṭṭhe ceva dhamme attānaṃ saccato thetato paññapeti, no ca kho abhisamparāyaṃ attānaṃ saccato thetato paññapeti, ucchedavādo satthā tena daṭṭhabbo. Tatra yvāyaṃ satthā diṭṭhe ceva dhamme attānaṃ saccato thetato na paññapeti, abhisamparāyañca attānaṃ saccato thetato na paññapeti, sammāsambuddho satthā tena daṭṭhabbo. Ime aparepi tayo satthāro.
于此,凡此导师于现见法中以真实、确定宣说我,于来世亦以真实、确定宣说我,此导师应被视为常见论者。于此,凡此导师于现见法中以真实、确定宣说我,但于来世不以真实、确定宣说我,此导师应被视为断见论者。于此,凡此导师于现见法中不以真实、确定宣说我,于来世亦不以真实、确定宣说我,此导师应被视为正等正觉者。这些是另外三种导师。
Tikaniddeso. · 三法分别
4. Catukkapuggalapaññatti4. 四法人施设
§132
Katamo ca puggalo asappuriso? Idhekacco puggalo pāṇātipātī hoti, adinnādāyī hoti, kāmesumicchācārī hoti, musāvādī hoti, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhāyī hoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘asappuriso’’.
什么是非善人之人?于此,某人是杀生者,是不与取者,是欲邪行者,是妄语者,是放逸之因的诸酒类者——此被称为「非善人」之人。
§133
Katamo ca puggalo asappurisena asappurisataro? Idhekacco puggalo attanā ca pāṇātipātī hoti parañca pāṇātipāte samādapeti , attanā ca adinnādāyī hoti parañca adinnādāne samādapeti, attanā ca kāmesumicchācārī hoti parañca kāmesumicchācāre samādapeti, attanā ca musāvādī hoti parañca musāvāde samādapeti, attanā ca surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhāyī hoti parañca surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhāne samādapeti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘asappurisena asappurisataro’’.
什么是比非善人更非善人之人?于此,某人自己是杀生者,也劝导他人杀生;自己是不与取者,也劝导他人不与取;自己是欲邪行者,也劝导他人欲邪行;自己是妄语者,也劝导他人妄语;自己是放逸之因的诸酒类者,也劝导他人放逸之因的诸酒类——此被称为「比非善人更非善人」之人。
§134
Katamo ca puggalo sappuriso? Idhekacco puggalo pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti , adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti, musāvādā paṭivirato hoti, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘sappuriso’’.
什么是善人之人?于此,某人离杀生,离不与取,离欲邪行,离妄语,离放逸之因的诸酒类——此被称为「善人」之人。
§135
Katamo ca puggalo sappurisena sappurisataro? Idhekacco puggalo attanā ca pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti parañca pāṇātipātā veramaṇiyā samādapeti, attanā ca adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti parañca adinnādānā veramaṇiyā samādapeti, attanā ca kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti parañca kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇiyā samādapeti, attanā ca musāvādā paṭivirato hoti parañca musāvādā veramaṇiyā samādapeti, attanā ca surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti parañca surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā veramaṇiyā samādapeti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘sappurisena sappurisataro’’.
什么是比善人更善人之人?于此,某人自己离杀生,也劝导他人离杀生;自己离不与取,也劝导他人离不与取;自己离欲邪行,也劝导他人离欲邪行;自己离妄语,也劝导他人离妄语;自己离放逸之因的诸酒类,也劝导他人离放逸之因的诸酒类——此被称为「比善人更善人」之人。
§136
Katamo ca puggalo pāpo? Idhekacco puggalo pāṇātipātī hoti, adinnādāyī hoti, kāmesumicchācārī hoti, musāvādī hoti, pisuṇavāco hoti, pharusavāco hoti, samphappalāpī hoti, abhijjhālu hoti, byāpannacitto hoti, micchādiṭṭhi hoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘pāpo’’.
什么是恶人之人?于此,某人是杀生者,是不与取者,是欲邪行者,是妄语者,是两舌者,是粗恶语者,是杂秽语者,是贪婪者,是嗔恨心者,是邪见者——此被称为「恶人」之人。
§137
Katamo ca puggalo pāpena pāpataro? Idhekacco puggalo attanā ca pāṇātipātī hoti parañca pāṇātipāte samādapeti, attanā ca adinnādāyī hoti parañca adinnādāne samādapeti, attanā ca kāmesumicchācārī hoti parañca kāmesumicchācāre samādapeti, attanā ca musāvādī hoti parañca musāvāde samādapeti, attanā ca pisuṇavāco hoti parañca pisuṇāya vācāya samādapeti, attanā ca pharusavāco hoti parañca pharusāya vācāya samādapeti, attanā ca samphappalāpī hoti parañca samphappalāpe samādapeti, attanā ca abhijjhālu hoti parañca abhijjhāya samādapeti, attanā ca byāpannacitto hoti parañca byāpāde samādapeti, attanā ca micchādiṭṭhi hoti parañca micchādiṭṭhiyā samādapeti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘pāpena pāpataro’’.
什么是比恶人更恶人之人?于此,某人自己是杀生者,也劝导他人杀生;自己是不与取者,也劝导他人不与取;自己是欲邪行者,也劝导他人欲邪行;自己是妄语者,也劝导他人妄语;自己是两舌者,也劝导他人两舌;自己是粗恶语者,也劝导他人粗恶语;自己是杂秽语者,也劝导他人杂秽语;自己是贪婪者,也劝导他人贪婪;自己是嗔恨心者,也劝导他人嗔恨;自己是邪见者,也劝导他人邪见——此被称为「比恶人更恶人」之人。
§138
Katamo ca puggalo kalyāṇo? Idhekacco puggalo pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti , kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti, musāvādā paṭivirato hoti, pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti, pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti, samphappalāpā paṭivirato hoti, anabhijjhālu hoti, abyāpannacitto hoti, sammādiṭṭhi hoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘kalyāṇo’’.
什么是善良人之人?于此,某人离杀生,离不与取,离欲邪行,离妄语,离两舌,离粗恶语,离杂秽语,不贪婪,无嗔恨心,是正见者——此被称为「善良人」之人。
§139
Katamo ca puggalo kalyāṇena kalyāṇataro? Idhekacco puggalo attanā ca pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti parañca pāṇātipātā veramaṇiyā samādapeti, attanā ca adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti parañca adinnādānā veramaṇiyā samādapeti, attanā ca kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti parañca kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇiyā samādapeti, attanā ca musāvādā paṭivirato hoti parañca musāvādā veramaṇiyā samādapeti, attanā ca pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti parañca pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇiyā samādapeti, attanā ca pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti parañca pharusāya vācāya veramaṇiyā samādapeti, attanā ca samphappalāpā paṭivirato hoti parañca samphappalāpā veramaṇiyā samādapeti, attanā ca anabhijjhālu hoti parañca anabhijjhāya samādapeti, attanā ca abyāpannacitto hoti parañca abyāpāde samādapeti, attanā ca sammādiṭṭhi hoti parañca sammādiṭṭhiyā samādapeti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘kalyāṇena kalyāṇataro’’.
什么是善者中更善的补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗自己离杀生,也劝导他人离杀生;自己离不与取,也劝导他人离不与取;自己离欲邪行,也劝导他人离欲邪行;自己离妄语,也劝导他人离妄语;自己离两舌,也劝导他人离两舌;自己离粗恶语,也劝导他人离粗恶语;自己离杂秽语,也劝导他人离杂秽语;自己不贪婪,也劝导他人不贪婪;自己无嗔恨心,也劝导他人无嗔恨;自己具正见,也劝导他人具正见——这被称为「善者中更善的」补特伽罗。
§140
Katamo ca puggalo pāpadhammo? Idhekacco puggalo pāṇātipātī hoti, adinnādāyī hoti…pe… micchādiṭṭhi hoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘pāpadhammo’’.
什么是恶法的补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗是杀生者,是不与取者……乃至……是邪见者——这被称为「恶法的」补特伽罗。
§141
Katamo ca puggalo pāpadhammena pāpadhammataro? Idhekacco puggalo attanā ca pāṇātipātī hoti parañca pāṇātipāte samādapeti, attanā ca adinnādāyī hoti parañca adinnādāne samādapeti…pe… attanā ca micchādiṭṭhi hoti parañca micchādiṭṭhiyā samādapeti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘pāpadhammena pāpadhammataro’’.
什么是恶法者中更恶法的补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗自己是杀生者,也劝导他人杀生;自己是不与取者,也劝导他人不与取……乃至……自己是邪见者,也劝导他人邪见——这被称为「恶法者中更恶法的」补特伽罗。
§142
Katamo ca puggalo kalyāṇadhammo? Idhekacco puggalo pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti…pe… samādiṭṭhi hoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘kalyāṇadhammo’’.
什么是善法的补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗离杀生,离不与取……乃至……具正见——这被称为「善法的」补特伽罗。
§143
Katamo ca puggalo kalyāṇadhammena kalyāṇadhammataro? Idhekacco puggalo attanā ca pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti parañca pāṇātipātā veramaṇiyā samādapeti…pe… attanā ca sammādiṭṭhi hoti parañca sammādiṭṭhiyā samādapeti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘kalyāṇadhammena kalyāṇadhammataro’’.
什么是善法者中更善法的补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗自己离杀生,也劝导他人离杀生……乃至……自己具正见,也劝导他人具正见——这被称为「善法者中更善法的」补特伽罗。
§144
Katamo ca puggalo sāvajjo? Idhekacco puggalo sāvajjena kāyakammena samannāgato hoti, sāvajjena vacīkammena samannāgato hoti, sāvajjena manokammena samannāgato hoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘sāvajjo’’.
什么是有过失的补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗具有有过失的身业,具有有过失的语业,具有有过失的意业——这被称为「有过失的」补特伽罗。
§145
Katamo ca puggalo vajjabahulo? Idhekacco puggalo sāvajjena bahulaṃ kāyakammena samannāgato hoti appaṃ anavajjena, sāvajjena bahulaṃ vacīkammena samannāgato hoti appaṃ anavajjena, sāvajjena bahulaṃ manokammena samannāgato hoti appaṃ anavajjena – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘vajjabahulo’’.
什么是多过失的补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗具有多有过失的身业、少无过失的,具有多有过失的语业、少无过失的,具有多有过失的意业、少无过失的——这被称为「多过失的」补特伽罗。
§146
Katamo ca puggalo appavajjo? Idhekacco puggalo anavajjena bahulaṃ kāyakammena samannāgato hoti appaṃ sāvajjena, anavajjena bahulaṃ vacīkammena samannāgato hoti appaṃ sāvajjena, anavajjena bahulaṃ manokammena samannāgato hoti appaṃ sāvajjena – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘appavajjo’’.
什么是少过失的补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗具有多无过失的身业、少有过失的,具有多无过失的语业、少有过失的,具有多无过失的意业、少有过失的——这被称为「少过失的」补特伽罗。
§147
Katamo ca puggalo anavajjo? Idhekacco puggalo anavajjena kāyakammena samannāgato hoti, anavajjena vacīkammena samannāgato hoti, anavajjena manokammena samannāgato hoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘anavajjo’’.
什么是无过失者?于此,某人具足无过失的身业,具足无过失的语业,具足无过失的意业——此被称为「无过失者」。
§148
Katamo ca puggalo ugghaṭitaññū? Yassa puggalassa saha udāhaṭavelāya dhammābhisamayo hoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘ugghaṭitaññū’’.
什么是速知者?当法被说出时,那个人即刻通达法——此被称为「速知者」。
§149
Katamo ca puggalo vipañcitaññū? Yassa puggalassa saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthe vibhajiyamāne dhammābhisamayo hoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘vipañcitaññū’’.
什么是广演知者?当总说之义被详细分别论时,那个人通达法——此被称为「广演知者」。
§150
Katamo ca puggalo neyyo? Yassa puggalassa uddesato paripucchato yoniso manasikaroto kalyāṇamitte sevato bhajato payirupāsato evaṃ anupubbena dhammābhisamayo hoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘neyyo’’.
什么是所引导者?那个人通过学习、遍问、如理作意、亲近善友、交往、须跋,如此次第地通达法——此被称为「所引导者」。
§151
Katamo ca puggalo padaparamo? Yassa puggalassa bahumpi suṇato bahumpi bhaṇato bahumpi dhārayato bahumpi vācayato na tāya jātiyā dhammābhisamayo hoti – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘padaparamo’’.
什么是句为最上者?那个人虽多闻、多说、多持、多诵,但以那种方式不能通达法——此被称为「句为最上者」。
§152
Katamo ca puggalo yuttappaṭibhāno no muttappaṭibhāno? Idhekacco puggalo pañhaṃ puṭṭho samāno yuttaṃ vadati no sīghaṃ – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘yuttappaṭibhāno no muttappaṭibhāno’’.
什么是应理辩才者而非敏捷辩才者?于此,某人被问问题时,说应理的而非迅速的——此被称为「应理辩才者而非敏捷辩才者」。
§153
Katamo ca puggalo muttappaṭibhāno no yuttappaṭibhāno? Idhekacco puggalo pañhaṃ puṭṭho samāno sīghaṃ vadati no yuttaṃ – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘muttappaṭibhāno no yuttappaṭibhāno’’.
什么是敏捷辩才者而非应理辩才者?于此,某人被问问题时,说迅速的而非应理的——此被称为「敏捷辩才者而非应理辩才者」。
§154
Katamo ca puggalo yuttappaṭibhāno ca muttappaṭibhāno ca? Idhekacco puggalo pañhaṃ puṭṭho samāno yuttañca vadati sīghañca – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘yuttappaṭibhāno ca muttappaṭibhāno ca’’.
什么是应理辩才者且敏捷辩才者?于此,某人被问问题时,既说应理的又说迅速的——此被称为「应理辩才者且敏捷辩才者」。
§155
Katamo ca puggalo neva yuttappaṭibhāno no muttappaṭibhāno? Idhekacco puggalo pañhaṃ puṭṭho samāno neva yuttaṃ vadati no sīghaṃ – ayaṃ vuccati, puggalo ‘‘neva yuttappaṭibhāno no muttappaṭibhāno’’.
什么是既非适时应答者亦非迅速应答者的补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗被问问题时,既不适时说亦不迅速——这被称为「既非适时应答者亦非迅速应答者」的补特伽罗。
§156
Tattha katame cattāro dhammakathikā puggalā? Idhekacco dhammakathiko appañca bhāsati asahitañca, parisā cassa na kusalā hoti sahitāsahitassa. Evarūpo dhammakathiko evarūpāya parisāya dhammakathikotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
在那里,什么是四种说法者补特伽罗?这里,某说法者说得少且不相应,而他的会众不善巧于相应与不相应。如是的说法者对如是的会众,被算作说法者。
Idha panekacco dhammakathiko appañca bhāsati sahitañca, parisā cassa kusalā hoti sahitāsahitassa. Evarūpo dhammakathiko evarūpāya parisāya dhammakathikotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
然而这里,某说法者说得少且相应,而他的会众善巧于相应与不相应。如是的说法者对如是的会众,被算作说法者。
Idha panekacco dhammakathiko bahuñca bhāsati asahitañca, parisā cassa na kusalā hoti sahitāsahitassa. Evarūpo dhammakathiko evarūpāya parisāya dhammakathikotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati.
然而这里,某说法者说得多且不相应,而他的会众不善巧于相应与不相应。如是的说法者对如是的会众,被算作说法者。
Idha panekacco dhammakathiko bahuñca bhāsati sahitañca, parisā cassa kusalā hoti sahitāsahitassa. Evarūpo dhammakathiko evarūpāya parisāya dhammakathikotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Ime cattāro ‘‘dhammakathikā puggalā’’.
然而这里,某说法者说得多且相应,而他的会众善巧于相应与不相应。如是的说法者对如是的会众,被算作说法者。这些是四种「说法者补特伽罗」。
§157
Tattha katame cattāro valāhakūpamā puggalā? Cattāro valāhakā – gajjitā no vassitā, vassitā no gajjitā, gajjitā ca vassitā ca, neva gajjitā no vassitā. Evamevaṃ cattārome valāhakūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro ? Gajjitā no vassitā, vassitā no gajjitā, gajjitā ca vassitā ca, neva gajjitā no vassitā.
在那里,什么是四种如云的补特伽罗?有四种云——雷鸣而不降雨、降雨而不雷鸣、既雷鸣又降雨、既不雷鸣亦不降雨。如是,这四种如云的补特伽罗存在、被发现于世间。哪四种?雷鸣而不降雨、降雨而不雷鸣、既雷鸣又降雨、既不雷鸣亦不降雨。
Kathañca puggalo gajjitā hoti no vassitā? Idhekacco puggalo bhāsitā hoti, no kattā. Evaṃ puggalo gajjitā hoti, no vassitā. Seyyathāpi so valāhako gajjitā no vassitā, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
如何补特伽罗是雷鸣而不降雨?这里,某补特伽罗是说者而非行者。如是,补特伽罗是雷鸣而不降雨。犹如那雷鸣而不降雨的云,这补特伽罗如是相似。
Kathañca puggalo vassitā hoti no gajjitā? Idhekacco puggalo kattā hoti, no bhāsitā. Evaṃ puggalo vassitā hoti no gajjitā. Seyyathāpi so valāhako vassitā no gajjitā, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
如何补特伽罗是降雨而不雷鸣?这里,某补特伽罗是行者而非说者。如是,补特伽罗是降雨而不雷鸣。犹如那降雨而不雷鸣的云,这补特伽罗如是相似。
Kathañca puggalo gajjitā ca hoti vassitā ca? Idhekacco puggalo bhāsitā ca hoti, kattā ca. Evaṃ puggalo gajjitā ca hoti vassitā ca. Seyyathāpi so valāhako gajjitā ca vassitā ca, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
如何是既雷鸣又降雨的人呢?这里,某人既善说又实行。如此,此人既雷鸣又降雨。犹如那既雷鸣又降雨的云,此人可比作如此。
Kathañca puggalo neva gajjitā hoti no vassitā? Idhekacco puggalo neva bhāsitā hoti no kattā. Evaṃ puggalo neva gajjitā hoti no vassitā. Seyyathāpi so valāhako neva gajjitā no vassitā, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
如何是既不雷鸣也不降雨的人呢?这里,某人既不善说也不实行。如此,此人既不雷鸣也不降雨。犹如那既不雷鸣也不降雨的云,此人可比作如此。
Ime cattāro valāhakūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.
这四种如云的人存在、出现于世间。
§158
Tattha katame cattāro mūsikūpamā puggalā? Catasso mūsikā – gādhaṃ kattā no vasitā, vasitā no gādhaṃ kattā, gādhaṃ kattā ca vasitā ca, neva gādhaṃ kattā no vasitā. Evamevaṃ cattārome mūsikūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Gādhaṃ kattā no vasitā, vasitā no gādhaṃ kattā, gādhaṃ kattā ca vasitā ca, neva gādhaṃ kattā no vasitā.
于此,什么是四种如鼠的人呢?有四种鼠——挖洞而不居住、居住而不挖洞、既挖洞又居住、既不挖洞也不居住。如是,这四种如鼠的人存在、出现于世间。哪四种呢?挖洞而不居住、居住而不挖洞、既挖洞又居住、既不挖洞也不居住。
Kathañca puggalo gādhaṃ kattā hoti no vasitā? Idhekacco puggalo dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇāti – suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthaṃ udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ. So ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Evaṃ puggalo gādhaṃ kattā hoti no vasitā. Seyyathāpi sā mūsikā gādhaṃ kattā no vasitā, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
如何是挖洞而不居住的人呢?这里,某人学习法——经、应颂、记说、偈颂、自说、如是语、本生、未曾有法、吠陀罗。他不如实了知「这是苦」,不如实了知「这是苦集」,不如实了知「这是苦灭」,不如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」。如此,此人挖洞而不居住。犹如那挖洞而不居住的鼠,此人可比作如此。
Kathañca puggalo vasitā hoti no gādhaṃ kattā? Idhekacco puggalo dhammaṃ na pariyāpuṇāti – suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthaṃ udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ. So ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Evaṃ puggalo vasitā hoti no gādhaṃ kattā. Seyyathāpi sā mūsikā vasitā no gādhaṃ kattā, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
如何是居住而不挖洞的人呢?这里,某人不学习法——经、应颂、记说、偈颂、自说、如是语、本生、未曾有法、吠陀罗。他如实了知「这是苦」,如实了知「这是苦集」,如实了知「这是苦灭」,如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」。如此,此人居住而不挖洞。犹如那居住而不挖洞的鼠,此人可比作如此。
Kathañca puggalo gādhaṃ kattā ca hoti vasitā ca? Idhekacco puggalo dhammaṃ pariyāpuṇāti – suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthaṃ udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ. So ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Evaṃ puggalo gādhaṃ kattā ca hoti vasitā ca. Seyyathāpi sā mūsikā gādhaṃ kattā ca vasitā ca, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
如何是既挖洞又居住的人呢?这里,某人学习法——经、应颂、记说、偈颂、自说、如是语、本生、未曾有法、吠陀罗。他如实了知「这是苦」,如实了知「这是苦集」,如实了知「这是苦灭」,如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」。如此,此人既挖洞又居住。犹如那既挖洞又居住的鼠,此人可比作如此。
Kathañca puggalo neva gādhaṃ kattā hoti no vasitā? Idhekacco puggalo dhammaṃ na pariyāpuṇāti – suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthaṃ udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ. So ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Evaṃ puggalo neva gādhaṃ kattā hoti no vasitā. Seyyathāpi sā mūsikā neva gādhaṃ kattā no vasitā, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
如何是既不挖洞也不居住的人呢?这里,某人不学习法——经、应颂、记说、偈颂、自说、如是语、本生、未曾有法、吠陀罗。他不如实了知「这是苦」,不如实了知「这是苦集」,不如实了知「这是苦灭」,不如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」。如此,此人既不挖洞也不居住。犹如那既不挖洞也不居住的鼠,此人可比作如此。
Ime cattāro mūsikūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.
这四种如鼠之人存在、可见于世间。
§159
Tattha katame cattāro ambūpamā puggalā? Cattāri ambāni – āmaṃ pakkavaṇṇi , pakkaṃ āmavaṇṇi , āmaṃ āmavaṇṇi, pakkaṃ pakkavaṇṇi. Evamevaṃ cattārome ambūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Āmo pakkavaṇṇī, pakko āmavaṇṇī, āmo āmavaṇṇī, pakko pakkavaṇṇī.
于此,什么是四种如芒果之人?四种芒果——生的看似熟的,熟的看似生的,生的看似生的,熟的看似熟的。如是,这四种如芒果之人存在、可见于世间。哪四种?生的看似熟的,熟的看似生的,生的看似生的,熟的看似熟的。
Kathañca puggalo āmo hoti pakkavaṇṇī? Idhekaccassa puggalassa pāsādikaṃ hoti abhikkantaṃ paṭikkantaṃ ālokitaṃ vilokitaṃ samiñjitaṃ pasāritaṃ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṃ. So ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Evaṃ puggalo āmo hoti pakkavaṇṇī. Seyyathāpi taṃ ambaṃ āmaṃ pakkavaṇṇi, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
如何是生的看似熟的人?于此,某人的前进、后退、前视、旁视、屈伸、持桑喀帝、钵与衣是令人欢喜的。他不如实了知「这是苦」,不如实了知「这是苦集」,不如实了知「这是苦灭」,不如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」。如是,此人是生的看似熟的。犹如那芒果是生的看似熟的,此人如是相似。
Kathañca puggalo pakko hoti āmavaṇṇī? Idhekaccassa puggalassa na pāsādikaṃ hoti abhikkantaṃ paṭikkantaṃ ālokitaṃ vilokitaṃ samiñjitaṃ pasāritaṃ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṃ. So ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Evaṃ puggalo pakko hoti āmavaṇṇī. Seyyathāpi taṃ ambaṃ pakkaṃ āmavaṇṇi, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
如何是熟的看似生的人?于此,某人的前进、后退、前视、旁视、屈伸、持桑喀帝、钵与衣不是令人欢喜的。他如实了知「这是苦」,如实了知「这是苦集」,如实了知「这是苦灭」,如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」。如是,此人是熟的看似生的。犹如那芒果是熟的看似生的,此人如是相似。
Kathañca puggalo āmo hoti āmavaṇṇī? Idhekaccassa puggalassa na pāsādikaṃ hoti abhikkantaṃ paṭikkantaṃ ālokitaṃ vilokitaṃ samiñjitaṃ pasāritaṃ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṃ. So ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti…pe… ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Evaṃ puggalo āmo hoti āmavaṇṇī. Seyyathāpi taṃ ambaṃ āmaṃ āmavaṇṇi, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
如何是生的看似生的人?于此,某人的前进、后退、前视、旁视、屈伸、持桑喀帝、钵与衣不是令人欢喜的。他不如实了知「这是苦」……不如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」。如是,此人是生的看似生的。犹如那芒果是生的看似生的,此人如是相似。
Kathañca puggalo pakko hoti pakkavaṇṇī? Idhekaccassa puggalassa pāsādikaṃ hoti abhikkantaṃ paṭikkantaṃ ālokitaṃ vilokitaṃ samiñjitaṃ pasāritaṃ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṃ . So ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti …pe… ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Evaṃ puggalo pakko hoti pakkavaṇṇī. Seyyathāpi taṃ ambaṃ pakkaṃ pakkavaṇṇi, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
如何是熟的看似熟的人?于此,某人的前进、后退、前视、旁视、屈伸、持桑喀帝、钵与衣是令人欢喜的。他如实了知「这是苦」……如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」。如是,此人是熟的看似熟的。犹如那芒果是熟的看似熟的,此人如是相似。
Ime cattāro ambūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.
这四种如芒果之人存在、可见于世间。
§160
Tattha katame cattāro kumbhūpamā puggalā? Cattāro kumbhā – tuccho pihito, pūro vivaṭo, tuccho vivaṭo, pūro pihito. Evamevaṃ cattārome kumbhūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Tuccho pihito, pūro vivaṭo, tuccho vivaṭo, pūro pihito.
于此,什么是四种如瓶之人?四种瓶——空的盖着的,满的敞开的,空的敞开的,满的盖着的。如是,这四种如瓶之人存在、可见于世间。哪四种?空的盖着的,满的敞开的,空的敞开的,满的盖着的。
Kathañca puggalo tuccho hoti pihito? Idhekaccassa puggalassa pāsādikaṃ hoti abhikkantaṃ paṭikkantaṃ ālokitaṃ vilokitaṃ samiñjitaṃ pasāritaṃ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṃ. So ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti…pe… ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Evaṃ puggalo tuccho hoti pihito. Seyyathāpi so kumbho tuccho pihito, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
又,什么样的人是空的、覆盖的呢?这里,某人的前进、后退、前视、旁视、屈伸、持桑喀帝、钵与衣是令人欢喜的。他不如实了知「这是苦」……不如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」。这样,这个人是空的、覆盖的。犹如那个空的、覆盖的水瓶,这个人也是如此相似。
Kathañca puggalo pūro hoti vivaṭo? Idhekaccassa puggalassa na pāsādikaṃ hoti abhikkantaṃ paṭikkantaṃ ālokitaṃ vilokitaṃ samiñjitaṃ pasāritaṃ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṃ. So ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Evaṃ puggalo pūro hoti vivaṭo. Seyyathāpi so kumbho pūro vivaṭo, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
又,什么样的人是满的、开放的呢?这里,某人的前进、后退、前视、旁视、屈伸、持桑喀帝、钵与衣不是令人欢喜的。他如实了知「这是苦」……如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」。这样,这个人是满的、开放的。犹如那个满的、开放的水瓶,这个人也是如此相似。
Kathañca puggalo tuccho hoti vivaṭo? Idhekaccassa puggalassa na pāsādikaṃ hoti abhikkantaṃ paṭikkantaṃ ālokitaṃ vilokitaṃ samiñjitaṃ pasāritaṃ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṃ. So ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti…pe… ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Evaṃ puggalo tuccho hoti vivaṭo. Seyyathāpi so kumbho tuccho vivaṭo, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
又,什么样的人是空的、开放的呢?这里,某人的前进、后退、前视、旁视、屈伸、持桑喀帝、钵与衣不是令人欢喜的。他不如实了知「这是苦」……不如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」。这样,这个人是空的、开放的。犹如那个空的、开放的水瓶,这个人也是如此相似。
Kathañca puggalo pūro hoti pihito? Idhekaccassa puggalassa pāsādikaṃ hoti abhikkantaṃ paṭikkantaṃ ālokitaṃ vilokitaṃ samiñjitaṃ pasāritaṃ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṃ. So ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Evaṃ puggalo pūro hoti pihito. Seyyathāpi so kumbho pūro pihito, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Ime cattāro kumbhūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.
又,什么样的人是满的、覆盖的呢?这里,某人的前进、后退、前视、旁视、屈伸、持桑喀帝、钵与衣是令人欢喜的。他如实了知「这是苦」……如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」。这样,这个人是满的、覆盖的。犹如那个满的、覆盖的水瓶,这个人也是如此相似。这些四种如水瓶相似的人存在、可见于世间。
§161
Tattha katame cattāro udakarahadūpamā puggalā? Cattāro udakarahadā – uttāno gambhīrobhāso, gambhīro uttānobhāso, uttāno uttānobhāso, gambhīro gambhīrobhāso. Evamevaṃ cattārome udakarahadūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Uttāno gambhīrobhāso, gambhīro uttānobhāso, uttāno uttānobhāso, gambhīro gambhīrobhāso.
在那里,什么是四种如水池相似的人呢?四种水池——浅的、深的外观,深的、浅的外观,浅的、浅的外观,深的、深的外观。正是如此,这四种如水池相似的人存在、可见于世间。哪四种呢?浅的、深的外观,深的、浅的外观,浅的、浅的外观,深的、深的外观。
Kathañca puggalo uttāno hoti gambhīrobhāso? Idhekaccassa puggalassa pāsādikaṃ hoti abhikkantaṃ paṭikkantaṃ ālokitaṃ vilokitaṃ samiñjitaṃ pasāritaṃ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṃ. So ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti…pe… ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Evaṃ puggalo uttāno hoti gambhīrobhāso. Seyyathāpi so udakarahado uttāno gambhīrobhāso, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
又,什么样的人是浅的、深的外观呢?这里,某人的前进、后退、前视、旁视、屈伸、持桑喀帝、钵与衣是令人欢喜的。他不如实了知「这是苦」……不如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」。这样,这个人是浅的、深的外观。犹如那个浅的、深的外观的水池,这个人也是如此相似。
Kathañca puggalo gambhīro hoti uttānobhāso? Idhekaccassa puggalassa na pāsādikaṃ hoti abhikkantaṃ paṭikkantaṃ ālokitaṃ vilokitaṃ samiñjitaṃ pasāritaṃ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṃ. So ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Evaṃ puggalo gambhīro hoti uttānobhāso. Seyyathāpi so udakarahado gambhīro uttānobhāso, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
又,什么样的人是深的、浅的外观呢?这里,某人的前进、后退、前视、旁视、屈伸、持桑喀帝、钵与衣不是令人欢喜的。他如实了知「这是苦」……如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」。这样,这个人是深的、浅的外观。犹如那个深的、浅的外观的水池,这个人也是如此相似。
Kathañca puggalo uttāno hoti uttānobhāso? Idhekaccassa puggalassa na pāsādikaṃ hoti abhikkantaṃ paṭikkantaṃ ālokitaṃ vilokitaṃ samiñjitaṃ pasāritaṃ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṃ. So ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti…pe… ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Evaṃ puggalo uttāno hoti uttānobhāso. Seyyathāpi so udakarahado uttāno uttānobhāso, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
又,什么样的人是浅的、浅的外观呢?这里,某人的前进、后退、前视、旁视、屈伸、持桑喀帝、钵与衣不是令人欢喜的。他不如实了知「这是苦」……不如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」。这样,这个人是浅的、浅的外观。犹如那个浅的、浅的外观的水池,这个人也是如此相似。
Kathañca puggalo gambhīro hoti gambhīrobhāso? Idhekaccassa puggalassa pāsādikaṃ hoti abhikkantaṃ paṭikkantaṃ ālokitaṃ vilokitaṃ samiñjitaṃ pasāritaṃ saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇaṃ. So ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Evaṃ puggalo gambhīro hoti gambhīrobhāso. Seyyathāpi so udakarahado gambhīro gambhīrobhāso, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Ime cattāro udakarahadūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.
又,什么样的人是甚深的、甚深外观的呢?这里,某人的前进、后退、前视、旁视、屈伸、持桑喀帝、钵与衣是可喜的。他如实了知「这是苦」……(中略)……他如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」。如此,这个人是甚深的、甚深外观的。犹如那个水池是甚深的、甚深外观的,这个人也如此相似。这四种如水池之譬喻的人存在、可见于世间。
§162
Tattha katame cattāro balībaddūpamā puggalā? Cattāro balībaddā – sakagavacaṇḍo no paragavacaṇḍo, paragavacaṇḍo no sakagavacaṇḍo, sakagavacaṇḍo ca paragavacaṇḍo ca, neva sakagavacaṇḍo no paragavacaṇḍo. Evamevaṃ cattārome balībaddūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Sakagavacaṇḍo no paragavacaṇḍo, paragavacaṇḍo no sakagavacaṇḍo, sakagavacaṇḍo ca paragavacaṇḍo ca, neva sakagavacaṇḍo no paragavacaṇḍo.
在那里,什么是四种如公牛之譬喻的人呢?四种公牛——对自己的牛群凶猛而非对他人的牛群,对他人的牛群凶猛而非对自己的牛群,对自己的牛群凶猛且对他人的牛群也凶猛,既非对自己的牛群凶猛也非对他人的牛群凶猛。如是,这四种如公牛之譬喻的人存在、可见于世间。哪四种呢?对自己的牛群凶猛而非对他人的牛群,对他人的牛群凶猛而非对自己的牛群,对自己的牛群凶猛且对他人的牛群也凶猛,既非对自己的牛群凶猛也非对他人的牛群凶猛。
Kathañca puggalo sakagavacaṇḍo hoti no paragavacaṇḍo? Idhekacco puggalo sakaparisaṃ ubbejitā hoti, no paraparisaṃ. Evaṃ puggalo sakagavacaṇḍo hoti no paragavacaṇḍo. Seyyathāpi so balībaddo sakagavacaṇḍo no paragavacaṇḍo, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
又,什么样的人对自己的牛群凶猛而非对他人的牛群呢?这里,某人激怒自己的众会,而非他人的众会。如此,这个人对自己的牛群凶猛而非对他人的牛群。犹如那头公牛对自己的牛群凶猛而非对他人的牛群,这个人也如此相似。
Kathañca puggalo paragavacaṇḍo hoti no sakagavacaṇḍo? Idhekacco puggalo paraparisaṃ ubbejitā hoti, no sakaparisaṃ. Evaṃ puggalo paragavacaṇḍo hoti no sakagavacaṇḍo. Seyyathāpi so balībaddo paragavacaṇḍo no sakagavacaṇḍo, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
又,什么样的人对他人的牛群凶猛而非对自己的牛群呢?这里,某人激怒他人的众会,而非自己的众会。如此,这个人对他人的牛群凶猛而非对自己的牛群。犹如那头公牛对他人的牛群凶猛而非对自己的牛群,这个人也如此相似。
Kathañca puggalo sakagavacaṇḍo ca hoti paragavacaṇḍo ca? Idhekacco puggalo sakaparisañca ubbejitā hoti, paraparisañca. Evaṃ puggalo sakagavacaṇḍo ca hoti paragavacaṇḍo ca. Seyyathāpi so balībaddo sakagavacaṇḍo ca paragavacaṇḍo ca, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
又,什么样的人对自己的牛群凶猛且对他人的牛群也凶猛呢?这里,某人激怒自己的众会,也激怒他人的众会。如此,这个人对自己的牛群凶猛且对他人的牛群也凶猛。犹如那头公牛对自己的牛群凶猛且对他人的牛群也凶猛,这个人也如此相似。
Kathañca puggalo neva sakagavacaṇḍo hoti no paragavacaṇḍo? Idhekacco puggalo neva sakaparisaṃ ubbejitā hoti no paraparisaṃ. Evaṃ puggalo neva sakagavacaṇḍo hoti no paragavacaṇḍo. Seyyathāpi so balībaddo neva sakagavacaṇḍo no paragavacaṇḍo, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Ime cattāro balībaddūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.
又,什么样的人既非对自己的牛群凶猛也非对他人的牛群凶猛呢?这里,某人既不激怒自己的众会,也不激怒他人的众会。如此,这个人既非对自己的牛群凶猛也非对他人的牛群凶猛。犹如那头公牛既非对自己的牛群凶猛也非对他人的牛群凶猛,这个人也如此相似。这四种如公牛之譬喻的人存在、可见于世间。
§163
Tattha katame cattāro āsīvisūpamā puggalā? Cattāro āsīvisā – āgataviso no ghoraviso, ghoraviso no āgataviso, āgataviso ca ghoraviso ca, neva āgataviso no ghoraviso. Evamevaṃ cattārome āsīvisūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Āgataviso no ghoraviso, ghoraviso no āgataviso, āgataviso ca ghoraviso ca, neva āgataviso no ghoraviso.
在那里,什么是四种如毒蛇之譬喻的人呢?四种毒蛇——毒来了而非毒猛烈,毒猛烈而非毒来了,毒来了且毒猛烈,既非毒来了也非毒猛烈。如是,这四种如毒蛇之譬喻的人存在、可见于世间。哪四种呢?毒来了而非毒猛烈,毒猛烈而非毒来了,毒来了且毒猛烈,既非毒来了也非毒猛烈。
Kathañca puggalo āgataviso hoti no ghoraviso? Idhekacco puggalo abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho na ciraṃ dīgharattaṃ anuseti. Evaṃ puggalo āgataviso hoti, no ghoraviso. Seyyathāpi so āsīviso āgataviso no ghoraviso, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
又,什么样的人是毒来了而非毒猛烈呢?这里,某人时常生气。但他的那个忿怒不会长久、长时间地随逐。如此,这个人是毒来了而非毒猛烈。犹如那条毒蛇毒来了而非毒猛烈,这个人也如此相似。
Kathañca puggalo ghoraviso hoti no āgataviso? Idhekacco puggalo naheva kho abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho ciraṃ dīgharattaṃ anuseti. Evaṃ puggalo ghoraviso hoti, no āgataviso. Seyyathāpi so āsīviso ghoraviso no āgataviso, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
如何是具猛毒而非常来毒之人?这里,某人确实不常发怒,但他的嗔恨长久、长夜随眠。如此,此人具猛毒而非常来毒。犹如那条毒蛇具猛毒而非常来毒,此人可比作如此。
Kathañca puggalo āgataviso ca hoti ghoraviso ca? Idhekacco puggalo abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho ciraṃ dīgharattaṃ anuseti. Evaṃ puggalo āgataviso ca hoti ghoraviso ca. Seyyathāpi so āsīviso āgataviso ca ghoraviso ca, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
如何是既常来毒又具猛毒之人?这里,某人常发怒,且他的嗔恨长久、长夜随眠。如此,此人既常来毒又具猛毒。犹如那条毒蛇既常来毒又具猛毒,此人可比作如此。
Kathañca puggalo neva āgataviso hoti no ghoraviso? Idhekacco puggalo naheva kho abhiṇhaṃ kujjhati. So ca khvassa kodho na ciraṃ dīgharattaṃ anuseti. Evaṃ puggalo neva āgataviso hoti no ghoraviso. Seyyathāpi so āsīviso neva āgataviso no ghoraviso, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Ime cattāro āsīvisūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.
如何是既非常来毒又非猛毒之人?这里,某人确实不常发怒,且他的嗔恨不长久、长夜随眠。如此,此人既非常来毒又非猛毒。犹如那条毒蛇既非常来毒又非猛毒,此人可比作如此。这些四种毒蛇譬喻之人,存在、可见于世间。
§164
Kathañca puggalo ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā avaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti? Idhekacco puggalo duppaṭipannānaṃ micchāpaṭipannānaṃ titthiyānaṃ titthiyasāvakānaṃ vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati – ‘‘suppaṭipannā’’ itipi, ‘‘sammāpaṭipannā’’ itipīti. Evaṃ puggalo ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā avaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti.
如何是未经审察、未经深究而对应受呵责者说赞叹之人?这里,某人对恶行道、邪行道的外道、外道弟子说赞叹——「善行道」等,「正行道」等。如此,此人未经审察、未经深究而对应受呵责者说赞叹。
Kathañca puggalo ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā vaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti? Idhekacco puggalo suppaṭipannānaṃ sammāpaṭipannānaṃ buddhānaṃ buddhasāvakānaṃ avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati – ‘‘duppaṭipannā’’ itipi, ‘‘micchāpaṭipannā’’ itipīti. Evaṃ puggalo ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā vaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti.
如何是未经审察、未经深究而对应受赞叹者说呵责之人?这里,某人对善行道、正行道的诸佛、佛弟子说呵责——「恶行道」等,「邪行道」等。如此,此人未经审察、未经深究而对应受赞叹者说呵责。
Kathañca puggalo ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā appasādanīye ṭhāne pasādaṃ upadaṃsitā hoti? Idhekacco puggalo duppaṭipadāya micchāpaṭipadāya pasādaṃ janeti – ‘‘suppaṭipadā’’ itipi , ‘‘sammāpaṭipadā’’ itipīti. Evaṃ puggalo ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā appasādanīye ṭhāne pasādaṃ upadaṃsitā hoti.
如何是未经审察、未经深究而于不应净信处显示净信之人?这里,某人对恶道、邪道生起净信——「善道」等,「正道」等。如此,此人未经审察、未经深究而于不应净信处显示净信。
Kathañca puggalo ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā pasādanīye ṭhāne appasādaṃ upadaṃsitā hoti? Idhekacco puggalo suppaṭipadāya sammāpaṭipadāya appasādaṃ janeti – ‘‘duppaṭipadā’’ itipi, ‘‘micchāpaṭipadā’’ itipīti. Evaṃ puggalo ananuvicca apariyogāhetvā pasādanīye ṭhāne appasādaṃ upadaṃsitā hoti.
如何是未经审察、未经深究而于应净信处显示须跋信之人?这里,某人对善道、正道生起须跋信——「恶道」等,「邪道」等。如此,此人未经审察、未经深究而于应净信处显示须跋信。
§165
Kathañca puggalo anuvicca pariyogāhetvā avaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti? Idhekacco puggalo duppaṭipannānaṃ micchāpaṭipannānaṃ titthiyānaṃ titthiyasāvakānaṃ avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati – ‘‘duppaṭipannā’’ itipi, ‘‘micchāpaṭipannā’’ itipīti. Evaṃ puggalo anuvicca pariyogāhetvā avaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti.
如何是经审察、深究后对应受呵责者说呵责之人?这里,某人对恶行道、邪行道的外道、外道弟子说呵责——「恶行道」等,「邪行道」等。如此,此人经审察、深究后对应受呵责者说呵责。
Kathañca puggalo anuvicca pariyogāhetvā vaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti? Idhekacco puggalo suppaṭipannānaṃ sammāpaṭipannānaṃ buddhānaṃ buddhasāvakānaṃ vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati – ‘‘suppaṭipannā’’ itipi, ‘‘sammāpaṭipannā’’ itipīti. Evaṃ puggalo anuvicca pariyogāhetvā vaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti.
又,什么样的人是经过审察、深入考察后,对值得称赞者说称赞呢?这里,某人对善行道者、正行道者、诸佛、诸佛弟子说称赞——「善行道者」如此,「正行道者」如此。如此,这个人是经过审察、深入考察后,对值得称赞者说称赞。
Kathañca puggalo anuvicca pariyogāhetvā appasādanīye ṭhāne appasādaṃ upadaṃsitā hoti? Idhekacco puggalo duppaṭipadāya micchāpaṭipadāya appasādaṃ janeti – ‘‘duppaṭipadā’’ itipi, ‘‘micchāpaṭipadā’’ itipīti. Evaṃ puggalo anuvicca pariyogāhetvā appasādanīye ṭhāne appasādaṃ upadaṃsitā hoti.
又,什么样的人是经过审察、深入考察后,在不应净信之处显示须跋信呢?这里,某人对恶行道、邪行道生起须跋信——「恶行道」如此,「邪行道」如此。如此,这个人是经过审察、深入考察后,在不应净信之处显示须跋信。
Kathañca puggalo anuvicca pariyogāhetvā pasādanīye ṭhāne pasādaṃ upadaṃsitā hoti? Idhekacco puggalo suppaṭipadāya sammāpaṭipadāya pasādaṃ janeti – ‘‘suppaṭipadā’’ itipi, ‘‘sammāpaṭipadā’’ itipīti. Evaṃ puggalo anuvicca pariyogāhetvā pasādanīye ṭhāne pasādaṃ upadaṃsitā hoti.
又,什么样的人是经过审察、深入考察后,在应净信之处显示净信呢?这里,某人对善行道、正行道生起净信——「善行道」如此,「正行道」如此。如此,这个人是经过审察、深入考察后,在应净信之处显示净信。
§166
Kathañca puggalo avaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, no ca kho vaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena? Idhekacco puggalo vaṇṇopi saṃvijjati avaṇṇopi saṃvijjati . Yo tattha avaṇṇo taṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, yo tattha vaṇṇo taṃ na bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena. Evaṃ puggalo avaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, no ca kho vaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena.
又,什么样的人是对值得非难者说非难,是真实的、确实的、适时的,但不对值得称赞者说称赞,是真实的、确实的、适时的呢?这里,某人既有称赞也有非难。对于其中的非难,他说那真实的、确实的、适时的;对于其中的称赞,他不说那真实的、确实的、适时的。如此,这个人是对值得非难者说非难,是真实的、确实的、适时的,但不对值得称赞者说称赞,是真实的、确实的、适时的。
Kathañca puggalo vaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, no ca kho avaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena? Idhekacco puggalo vaṇṇopi saṃvijjati avaṇṇopi saṃvijjati . Yo tattha vaṇṇo taṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, yo tattha avaṇṇo taṃ na bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena. Evaṃ puggalo vaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, no ca kho avaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena.
又,什么样的人是对值得称赞者说称赞,是真实的、确实的、适时的,但不对值得非难者说非难,是真实的、确实的、适时的呢?这里,某人既有称赞也有非难。对于其中的称赞,他说那真实的、确实的、适时的;对于其中的非难,他不说那真实的、确实的、适时的。如此,这个人是对值得称赞者说称赞,是真实的、确实的、适时的,但不对值得非难者说非难,是真实的、确实的、适时的。
Kathañca puggalo avaṇṇārahassa ca avaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, vaṇṇārahassa ca vaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena? Idhekacco puggalo vaṇṇopi saṃvijjati avaṇṇopi saṃvijjati. Yo tattha avaṇṇo taṃ bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, yopi tattha vaṇṇo tampi bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena. Tatra kālaññū hoti tassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇāya. Evaṃ puggalo avaṇṇārahassa ca avaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, vaṇṇārahassa ca vaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena.
又,什么样的人是对值得非难者说非难,是真实的、确实的、适时的,也对值得称赞者说称赞,是真实的、确实的、适时的呢?这里,某人既有称赞也有非难。对于其中的非难,他说那真实的、确实的、适时的;对于其中的称赞,他也说那真实的、确实的、适时的。在那里,他是知时者,对那个问题的解答。如此,这个人是对值得非难者说非难,是真实的、确实的、适时的,也对值得称赞者说称赞,是真实的、确实的、适时的。
Kathañca puggalo neva avaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, nopi vaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena? Idhekacco puggalo vaṇṇopi saṃvijjati avaṇṇopi saṃvijjati. Yo tattha avaṇṇo taṃ na bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, yopi tattha vaṇṇo tampi na bhaṇati bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena. Upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno. Evaṃ puggalo neva avaṇṇārahassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena, nopi vaṇṇārahassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsitā hoti bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ kālena.
又,什么样的人是既不对值得非难者说非难,是真实的、确实的、适时的,也不对值得称赞者说称赞,是真实的、确实的、适时的呢?这里,某人既有称赞也有非难。对于其中的非难,他不说那真实的、确实的、适时的;对于其中的称赞,他也不说那真实的、确实的、适时的。他住于舍,具念、正知。如此,这个人是既不对值得非难者说非难,是真实的、确实的、适时的,也不对值得称赞者说称赞,是真实的、确实的、适时的。
§167
Katamo ca puggalo uṭṭhānaphalūpajīvī no puññaphalūpajīvī? Yassa puggalassa uṭṭhahato ghaṭato vāyamato ājīvo abhinibbattati, no puññato – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘uṭṭhānaphalūpajīvī, no puññaphalūpajīvī’’.
又,什么样的人是依精勤之果而活命,不依福德之果而活命呢?凡是某人奋起、努力、精进时,生活得以产生,不是从福德——这被称为「依精勤之果而活命,不依福德之果而活命」的人。
Katamo ca puggalo puññaphalūpajīvī no uṭṭhānaphalūpajīvī? Paranimmitavasavattī deve upādāya tatūpari devā puññaphalūpajīvino na uṭṭhānaphalūpajīvino.
什么是依福果而活非依精勤果而活的补特伽罗?他化自在天以上的诸天人依福果而活,非依精勤果而活。
Katamo ca puggalo uṭṭhānaphalūpajīvī ca puññaphalūpajīvī ca? Yassa puggalassa uṭṭhahato ghaṭato vāyamato ājīvo abhinibbattati puññato ca – ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘uṭṭhānaphalūpajīvī ca puññaphalūpajīvī ca’’.
什么是既依精勤果而活又依福果而活的补特伽罗?凡任何补特伽罗,当他奋起、努力、精勤时,生计从精勤和从福而生起——这被称为「既依精勤果而活又依福果而活的补特伽罗」。
Katamo ca puggalo neva uṭṭhānaphalūpajīvī no puññaphalūpajīvī? Nerayikā neva uṭṭhānaphalūpajīvino no puññaphalūpajīvino.
什么是既非依精勤果而活又非依福果而活的补特伽罗?地狱众生既非依精勤果而活又非依福果而活。
§168
Kathañca puggalo tamo hoti tamaparāyano? Idhekacco puggalo nīce kule paccājāto hoti – caṇḍālakule vā nesādakule vā venakule vā rathakārakule vā pukkusakule vā dalidde appannapānabhojane kasiravuttike, yattha kasirena ghāsacchādo labbhati. So ca hoti dubbaṇṇo duddasiko okoṭimako bahvābādho kāṇo vā kuṇī vā khañjo vā pakkhahato vā, na lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālāgandhavilepanassa seyyāvasathapadīpeyyassa. So kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, manasā duccaritaṃ carati. So kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā vācāya duccaritaṃ caritvā manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. Evaṃ puggalo tamo hoti tamaparāyano.
补特伽罗如何是黑暗而趣向黑暗?这里,某补特伽罗生于卑贱家族——旃陀罗家族、猎人家族、竹工家族、车匠家族、清除工家族,贫穷、少食少饮,生活艰难,在那里艰难地获得衣食。他容貌丑陋、难看、畸形、多病,或眼瞎、或驼背、或跛脚、或半身不遂,不得食物、饮料、衣服、车乘、花鬘香料涂料、卧具住所灯烛。他以身行恶行,以语行恶行,以意行恶行。他以身行恶行,以语行恶行,以意行恶行后,身坏命终后,投生到苦处、恶趣、堕处、地狱。如此,补特伽罗是黑暗而趣向黑暗。
Kathañca puggalo tamo hoti jotiparāyano? Idhekacco puggalo nīce kule paccājāto hoti – caṇḍālakule vā nesādakule vā venakule vā rathakārakule vā pukkusakule vā dalidde appannapānabhojane kasiravuttike, yattha kasirena ghāsacchādo labbhati. So ca hoti dubbaṇṇo duddasiko okoṭimako bahvābādho kāṇo vā kuṇī vā khañjo vā pakkhahato vā, na lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālāgandhavilepanassa seyyāvasathapadīpeyyassa. So kāyena sucaritaṃ carati, vācāya sucaritaṃ carati , manasā sucaritaṃ carati. So kāyena sucaritaṃ caritvā vācāya sucaritaṃ caritvā manasā sucaritaṃ caritvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Evaṃ puggalo tamo hoti jotiparāyano.
补特伽罗如何是黑暗而趣向光明?这里,某补特伽罗生于卑贱家族——旃陀罗家族、猎人家族、竹工家族、车匠家族、清除工家族,贫穷、少食少饮,生活艰难,在那里艰难地获得衣食。他容貌丑陋、难看、畸形、多病,或眼瞎、或驼背、或跛脚、或半身不遂,不得食物、饮料、衣服、车乘、花鬘香料涂料、卧具住所灯烛。他以身行善行,以语行善行,以意行善行。他以身行善行,以语行善行,以意行善行后,身坏命终后,投生到善趣、天界。如此,补特伽罗是黑暗而趣向光明。
Kathañca puggalo joti hoti tamaparāyano? Idhekacco puggalo ucce kule paccājāto hoti – khattiyamahāsālakule vā brāhmaṇamahāsālakule vā gahapatimahāsālakule vā aḍḍhe mahaddhane mahābhoge pahūtajātarūparajate pahūtavittūpakaraṇe pahūtadhanadhaññe. So ca hoti abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato, lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālāgandhavilepanassa seyyāvasathapadīpeyyassa. So kāyena duccaritaṃ carati, vācāya duccaritaṃ carati, manasā duccaritaṃ carati. So kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā vācāya duccaritaṃ caritvā manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. Evaṃ puggalo joti hoti tamaparāyano.
补特伽罗如何是光明而趣向黑暗?这里,某补特伽罗生于高贵家族——刹帝利大族、婆罗门大族或居士大族,富有、大财富、大资产,有很多金银,有很多财产资具,有很多财谷。他容貌端正、好看、悦意,具足最胜的肤色,得到食物、饮料、衣服、车乘、花鬘香料涂料、卧具住所灯烛。他以身行恶行,以语行恶行,以意行恶行。他以身行恶行,以语行恶行,以意行恶行后,身坏命终后,投生到苦处、恶趣、堕处、地狱。如此,补特伽罗是光明而趣向黑暗。
Kathañca puggalo joti hoti jotiparāyano? Idhekacco puggalo ucce kule paccājāto hoti – khattiyamahāsālakule vā brāhmaṇamahāsālakule vā gahapatimahāsālakule vā aḍḍhe mahaddhane mahābhoge pahūtajātarūparajate pahūtavittūpakaraṇe pahūtadhanadhaññe. So ca hoti abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato, lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālāgandhavilepanassa seyyāvasathapadīpeyyassa. So kāyena sucaritaṃ carati, vācāya sucaritaṃ carati, manasā sucaritaṃ carati. So kāyena sucaritaṃ caritvā vācāya sucaritaṃ caritvā manasā sucaritaṃ caritvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Evaṃ puggalo joti hoti jotiparāyano.
补特伽罗如何是光明而趣向光明?这里,某补特伽罗生于高贵家族——刹帝利大族、婆罗门大族或居士大族,富有、大财富、大资产,有很多金银,有很多财产资具,有很多财谷。他容貌端正、好看、悦意,具足最胜的肤色,得到食物、饮料、衣服、车乘、花鬘香料涂料、卧具住所灯烛。他以身行善行,以语行善行,以意行善行。他以身行善行,以语行善行,以意行善行后,身坏命终后,投生到善趣、天界。如此,补特伽罗是光明而趣向光明。
§169
Kathañca puggalo oṇatoṇato hoti…pe… evaṃ puggalo oṇatoṇato hoti.
补特伽罗如何是愈来愈减损?……(略)……如此,补特伽罗是愈来愈减损。
Kathañca puggalo oṇatuṇṇato hoti…pe… evaṃ puggalo oṇatuṇṇato hoti.
如何是人为劣而被胜者围绕?……如是,人为劣而被胜者围绕。
Kathañca puggalo uṇṇatoṇato hoti…pe… evaṃ puggalo uṇṇatoṇato hoti.
如何是人为胜而被劣者围绕?……如是,人为胜而被劣者围绕。
Kathañca puggalo uṇṇatuṇṇato hoti…pe… evaṃ puggalo uṇṇatuṇṇato hoti.
如何是人为胜而被胜者围绕?……如是,人为胜而被胜者围绕。
§170
Tattha katame cattāro rukkhūpamā puggalā? Cattāro rukkhā – pheggu sāraparivāro, sāro phegguparivāro, pheggu phegguparivāro, sāro sāraparivāro. Evamevaṃ cattārome rukkhūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Pheggu sāraparivāro, sāro phegguparivāro, pheggu phegguparivāro, sāro sāraparivāro.
于此,什么是四种树喻之人?四种树——边材而心材围绕、心材而边材围绕、边材而边材围绕、心材而心材围绕。如是,这四种树喻之人存在、被发现于世间。哪四种?边材而心材围绕、心材而边材围绕、边材而边材围绕、心材而心材围绕。
Kathañca puggalo pheggu hoti sāraparivāro? Idhekacco puggalo dussīlo hoti pāpadhammo, parisā ca khvassa hoti sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā. Evaṃ puggalo pheggu hoti sāraparivāro. Seyyathāpi so rukkho pheggu sāraparivāro, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
如何是人为边材而被心材围绕?于此,某人破戒、恶法,但他的众会具戒、善法。如是,人为边材而被心材围绕。犹如那树为边材而心材围绕,此人如是相似。
Kathañca puggalo sāro hoti phegguparivāro? Idhekacco puggalo sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo, parisā ca khvassa hoti dussīlā pāpadhammā. Evaṃ puggalo sāro hoti phegguparivāro. Seyyathāpi so rukkho sāro phegguparivāro, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
如何是人为心材而被边材围绕?于此,某人具戒、善法,但他的众会破戒、恶法。如是,人为心材而被边材围绕。犹如那树为心材而边材围绕,此人如是相似。
Kathañca puggalo pheggu hoti phegguparivāro? Idhekacco puggalo dussīlo hoti pāpadhammo, parisāpissa hoti dussīlā pāpadhammā. Evaṃ puggalo pheggu hoti phegguparivāro. Seyyathāpi so rukkho pheggu phegguparivāro, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo.
如何是人为边材而被边材围绕?于此,某人破戒、恶法,他的众会也破戒、恶法。如是,人为边材而被边材围绕。犹如那树为边材而边材围绕,此人如是相似。
Kathañca puggalo sāro hoti sāraparivāro? Idhekacco puggalo sīlavā hoti kalyāṇadhammo, parisāpissa hoti sīlavatī kalyāṇadhammā. Evaṃ puggalo sāro hoti sāraparivāro. Seyyathāpi so rukkho sāro sāraparivāro, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Ime cattāro rukkhūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.
如何是人为心材而被心材围绕?于此,某人具戒、善法,他的众会也具戒、善法。如是,人为心材而被心材围绕。犹如那树为心材而心材围绕,此人如是相似。这四种树喻之人存在、被发现于世间。
§171
Katamo ca puggalo rūpappamāṇo rūpappasanno? Idhekacco puggalo ārohaṃ vā passitvā pariṇāhaṃ vā passitvā saṇṭhānaṃ vā passitvā pāripūriṃ vā passitvā tattha pamāṇaṃ gahetvā pasādaṃ janeti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo rūpappamāṇo rūpappasanno.
什么是以色为量、以色为净信的补特伽罗?这里,某人见到威仪,或见到举止,或见到形态,或见到圆满,在那里取量而生起净信。这称为以色为量、以色为净信的补特伽罗。
Katamo ca puggalo ghosappamāṇo ghosappasanno? Idhekacco puggalo paravaṇṇanāya parathomanāya parapasaṃsanāya paravaṇṇahārikāya tattha pamāṇaṃ gahetvā pasādaṃ janeti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ghosappamāṇo ghosappasanno.
什么是以声为量、以声为净信的补特伽罗?这里,某人由于他人的称赞、他人的赞叹、他人的赞美、他人的称赞之语,在那里取量而生起净信。这称为以声为量、以声为净信的补特伽罗。
§172
Katamo ca puggalo lūkhappamāṇo lūkhappasanno? Idhekacco puggalo cīvaralūkhaṃ vā passitvā pattalūkhaṃ vā passitvā senāsanalūkhaṃ vā passitvā vividhaṃ vā dukkarakārikaṃ passitvā tattha pamāṇaṃ gahetvā pasādaṃ janeti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo lūkhappamāṇo lūkhappasanno.
什么是以粗为量、以粗为净信的补特伽罗?这里,某人见到衣的粗劣,或见到钵的粗劣,或见到住所的粗劣,或见到种种难行之行,在那里取量而生起净信。这称为以粗为量、以粗为净信的补特伽罗。
Katamo ca puggalo dhammappamāṇo dhammappasanno? Idhekacco puggalo sīlaṃ vā passitvā samādhiṃ vā passitvā paññaṃ vā passitvā tattha pamāṇaṃ gahetvā pasādaṃ janeti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo dhammappamāṇo dhammappasanno.
什么是以法为量、以法为净信的补特伽罗?这里,某人见到戒,或见到定,或见到慧,在那里取量而生起净信。这称为以法为量、以法为净信的补特伽罗。
§173
Kathañca puggalo attahitāya paṭipanno hoti no parahitāya? Idhekacco puggalo attanā sīlasampanno hoti, no paraṃ sīlasampadāya samādapeti; attanā samādhisampanno hoti, no paraṃ samādhisampadāya samādapeti; attanā paññāsampanno hoti, no paraṃ paññāsampadāya samādapeti; attanā vimuttisampanno hoti, no paraṃ vimuttisampadāya samādapeti; attanā vimuttiñāṇadassanasampanno hoti, no paraṃ vimuttiñāṇadassanasampadāya samādapeti. Evaṃ puggalo attahitāya paṭipanno hoti no parahitāya.
如何是为自利而行道而非为他利的补特伽罗?这里,某人自己达上,不劝导他人于戒的成就;自己具足定,不劝导他人于定的成就;自己具足慧,不劝导他人于慧的成就;自己具足解脱,不劝导他人于解脱的成就;自己具足解脱智见,不劝导他人于解脱智见的成就。如此,补特伽罗为自利而行道而非为他利。
Kathañca puggalo parahitāya paṭipanno hoti no attahitāya? Idhekacco puggalo attanā na sīlasampanno hoti, paraṃ sīlasampadāya samādapeti; attanā na samādhisampanno hoti, paraṃ samādhisampadāya samādapeti; attanā na paññāsampanno hoti, paraṃ paññāsampadāya samādapeti; attanā na vimuttisampanno hoti, paraṃ vimuttisampadāya samādapeti; attanā na vimuttiñāṇadassanasampanno hoti, paraṃ vimuttiñāṇadassanasampadāya samādapeti. Evaṃ puggalo parahitāya paṭipanno hoti no attahitāya.
如何是为他利而行道而非为自利的补特伽罗?这里,某人自己不达上,劝导他人于戒的成就;自己不具足定,劝导他人于定的成就;自己不具足慧,劝导他人于慧的成就;自己不具足解脱,劝导他人于解脱的成就;自己不具足解脱智见,劝导他人于解脱智见的成就。如此,补特伽罗为他利而行道而非为自利。
Kathañca puggalo attahitāya ceva paṭipanno hoti parahitāya ca? Idhekacco puggalo attanā ca sīlasampanno hoti, parañca sīlasampadāya samādapeti; attanā ca samādhisampanno hoti, parañca samādhisampadāya samādapeti; attanā ca paññāsampanno hoti, parañca paññāsampadāya samādapeti; attanā ca vimuttisampanno hoti, parañca vimuttisampadāya samādapeti; attanā ca vimuttiñāṇadassanasampanno hoti, parañca vimuttiñāṇadassanasampadāya samādapeti. Evaṃ puggalo attahitāya ceva paṭipanno hoti parahitāya ca.
如何是为自利而行道且为他利的补特伽罗?这里,某人自己达上,也劝导他人于戒的成就;自己具足定,也劝导他人于定的成就;自己具足慧,也劝导他人于慧的成就;自己具足解脱,也劝导他人于解脱的成就;自己具足解脱智见,也劝导他人于解脱智见的成就。如此,补特伽罗为自利而行道且为他利。
Kathañca puggalo neva attahitāya paṭipanno hoti no parahitāya? Idhekacco puggalo attanā na sīlasampanno hoti, no paraṃ sīlasampadāya samādapeti; attanā na samādhisampanno hoti, no paraṃ samādhisampadāya samādapeti; attanā na paññāsampanno hoti, no paraṃ paññāsampadāya samādapeti; attanā na vimuttisampanno hoti, no paraṃ vimuttisampadāya samādapeti; attanā na vimuttiñāṇadassanasampanno hoti, no paraṃ vimuttiñāṇadassanasampadāya samādapeti. Evaṃ puggalo neva attahitāya paṭipanno hoti no parahitāya.
如何是既非为自利而行道也非为他利的补特伽罗?这里,某人自己不达上,不劝导他人于戒的成就;自己不具足定,不劝导他人于定的成就;自己不具足慧,不劝导他人于慧的成就;自己不具足解脱,不劝导他人于解脱的成就;自己不具足解脱智见,不劝导他人于解脱智见的成就。如此,补特伽罗既非为自利而行道也非为他利。
§174
Kathañca puggalo attantapo hoti attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto? Idhekacco puggalo acelako hoti muttācāro hatthāpalekhano , naehibhaddantiko natiṭṭhabhaddantiko nābhihaṭaṃ na uddissakataṃ na nimantanaṃ sādiyati, so na kumbhimukhā paṭiggaṇhāti na kaḷopimukhā paṭiggaṇhāti, na eḷakamantaraṃ na daṇḍamantaraṃ na musalamantaraṃ na dvinnaṃ bhuñjamānānaṃ na gabbhiniyā na pāyamānāya na purisantaragatāya, na saṅkittīsu na yattha sā upaṭṭhito hoti na yattha makkhikā saṇḍasaṇḍacārinī, na macchaṃ na maṃsaṃ na suraṃ na merayaṃ na thusodakaṃ pivati. So ekāgāriko vā hoti ekālopiko, dvāgāriko vā hoti dvālopiko…pe… sattāgāriko vā hoti sattālopiko; ekissāpi dattiyā yāpeti, dvīhipi dattīhi yāpeti…pe… sattahipi dattīhi yāpeti; ekāhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti, dvīhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti…pe… sattāhikampi āhāraṃ āhāreti. Iti evarūpaṃ aḍḍhamāsikampi pariyāyabhattabhojanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. So sākabhakkho vā hoti sāmākabhakkho vā hoti nīvārabhakkho vā hoti daddulabhakkho vā hoti haṭabhakkho vā hoti kaṇabhakkho vā hoti ācāmabhakkho vā hoti piññākabhakkho vā hoti tiṇabhakkho vā hoti gomayabhakkho vā hoti, vanamūlaphalāhāro yāpeti pavattaphalabhojī. So sāṇānipi dhāreti masāṇānipi dhāreti chavadussānipi dhāreti paṃsukūlānipi dhāreti tirīṭānipi dhāreti ajinampi dhāreti ajinakkhipampi dhāreti kusacīrampi dhāreti vākacīrampi dhāreti phalakacīrampi dhāreti kesakambalampi dhāreti vāḷakambalampi dhāreti ulūkapakkhampi dhāreti, kesamassulocakopi hoti kesamassulocanānuyogamanuyutto, ubbhaṭṭhakopi hoti āsanapaṭikkhitto, ukkuṭikopi hoti ukkuṭikappadhānamanuyutto, kaṇṭakāpassayikopi hoti kaṇṭakāpassaye seyyaṃ kappeti, sāyatatiyakampi udakorohanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Iti evarūpaṃ anekavihitaṃ kāyassa ātāpanaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto viharati . Evaṃ puggalo attantapo hoti attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto.
如何是自苦者、从事于自我折磨之行呢?这里,某人是裸行者、行为放逸者、以手舔食者、不来善来者、不住善来者,不接受特地带来的食物、不接受特地准备的食物、不接受邀请,他不从壶口接受、不从钵口接受,不接受门槛内的、不接受棍棒间的、不接受杵间的、不接受二人正在食用的、不接受怀孕者的、不接受正在哺乳者的、不接受与男子交会者的,不接受在募集处的、不接受有狗站立处的、不接受苍蝇群集处的,不吃鱼、不吃肉、不饮谷酒、不饮果酒、不饮糠汁。他是一家食者、一团食者,或是二家食者、二团食者……乃至……或是七家食者、七团食者;他依一施而活命,依二施而活命……乃至……依七施而活命;他一日食一餐,二日食一餐……乃至……七日食一餐。如此,他从事于如是半月一次的定期食用之行而住。他是食菜者、或是食稗子者、或是食野米者、或是食陀杜拉草者、或是食哈达草者、或是食糠者、或是食米汁者、或是食胡麻粉者、或是食草者、或是食牛粪者,他依森林的根与果而活命,食落下的果实。他穿麻衣、或穿麻混衣、或穿尸衣、或穿尘堆衣、或穿提利答树皮衣、或穿羚羊皮、或穿羚羊皮条衣、或穿吉祥草衣、或穿树皮衣、或穿木片衣、或穿发毯、或穿兽毛毯、或穿猫头鹰翅膀衣,他是拔发须者、从事于拔发须之行者,他是常立者、拒绝座位者,他是蹲踞者、从事于蹲踞之努力者,他是卧刺者、在刺床上作卧处者,他从事于一日三次的入水浴之行而住。如此,他从事于如是种种的身体热恼折磨之行而住。如是,此人是自苦者、从事于自我折磨之行。
§175
Kathañca puggalo parantapo hoti paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto? Idhekacco puggalo orabbhiko hoti sūkariko sākuṇiko māgaviko luddo macchaghātako coro coraghātako goghātako bandhanāgāriko, ye vā panaññepi keci kurūrakammantā. Evaṃ puggalo parantapo hoti paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto.
如何是苦他者、从事于折磨他人之行呢?这里,某人是屠羊者、或是屠猪者、或是捕鸟者、或是猎鹿者、或是猎人、或是渔夫、或是盗贼、或是刽子手、或是屠牛者、或是狱卒,或是任何其他残酷业者。如是,此人是苦他者、从事于折磨他人之行。
§176
Kathañca puggalo attantapo ca hoti attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto, parantapo ca paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto? Idhekacco puggalo rājā vā hoti khattiyo muddhāvasitto brāhmaṇo vā mahāsālo. So puratthimena narassa navaṃ sandhāgāraṃ kārāpetvā kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kharājinaṃ nivāsetvā sappitelena kāyaṃ abbhañjitvā migavisāṇena piṭṭhiṃ kaṇḍuvamāno sandhāgāraṃ pavisati saddhiṃ mahesiyā brāhmaṇena ca purohitena. So tattha anantarahitāya bhūmiyā haritupalittāya seyyaṃ kappeti. Ekissā gāviyā sarūpavacchāya yaṃ ekasmiṃ thane khīraṃ hoti tena rājā yāpeti, yaṃ dutiyasmiṃ thane khīraṃ hoti tena mahesī yāpeti, yaṃ tatiyasmiṃ thane khīraṃ hoti tena brāhmaṇo purohito yāpeti, yaṃ catutthasmiṃ thane khīraṃ hoti tena aggiṃ juhati, avasesena vacchako yāpeti. So evamāha – ‘‘ettakā usabhā haññantu yaññatthāya, ettakā vacchatarā haññantu yaññatthāya, ettakā vacchatariyo haññantu yaññatthāya, ettakā ajā haññantu yaññatthāya, ettakā urabbhā haññantu yaññatthāya, (ettakā assā haññantu yaññatthāya) ettakā rukkhā chijjantu yūpatthāya, ettakā dabbhā lūyantu barihisatthāyā’’ti . Yepissa te honti dāsāti vā pessāti vā kammakarāti vā, tepi daṇḍatajjitā bhayatajjitā assumukhā rudamānā parikammāni karonti. Evaṃ puggalo attantapo ca hoti attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto, parantapo ca paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto.
如何是自苦者、从事于自我折磨之行,又是苦他者、从事于折磨他人之行呢?这里,某人是王、灌顶的刹帝利,或是大富的婆罗门。他在城市东边建造新的集会堂后,剃除发须,穿上粗羚羊皮,以酥油涂身,以鹿角搔背,进入集会堂,与王后及婆罗门司祭一起。他在那里,在未耕过的地上、涂以绿草的地方作卧处。一头有相似犊的母牛,其一乳房的乳汁供王活命,第二乳房的乳汁供王后活命,第三乳房的乳汁供婆罗门司祭活命,第四乳房的乳汁用以供养火,其余的供犊牛活命。他如此说:『为了祭祀,应杀这么多头公牛;为了祭祀,应杀这么多头小公牛;为了祭祀,应杀这么多头小母牛;为了祭祀,应杀这么多头山羊;为了祭祀,应杀这么多头绵羊;(为了祭祀,应杀这么多匹马;)为了祭柱,应砍伐这么多棵树;为了祭草,应割取这么多把达巴草。』那些是他的奴仆、或是仆役、或是工人者,他们受杖威胁、受恐怖威胁,面带泪水、哭泣着作准备工作。如是,此人是自苦者、从事于自我折磨之行,又是苦他者、从事于折磨他人之行。
§177
Kathañca puggalo neva attantapo ca hoti na attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto, na parantapo na paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto? So anattantapo aparantapo diṭṭheva dhamme nicchāto nibbuto sītībhūto sukhappaṭisaṃvedī brahmabhūtena attanā viharati.
如何是不自苦者、不从事于自我折磨之行,不苦他者、不从事于折磨他人之行呢?他不自苦、不苦他,于现法中无欲、寂灭、清凉、感受安乐,以梵为自己而住。
Idha tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā. So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Taṃ dhammaṃ suṇāti gahapati vā gahapatiputto vā aññatarasmiṃ vā kule paccājāto . So taṃ dhammaṃ sutvā tathāgate saddhaṃ paṭilabhati. So tena saddhāpaṭilābhena samannāgato iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘‘sambādho gharāvāso rajāpatho, abbhokāso pabbajjā. Nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya’’nti! So aparena samayena appaṃ vā bhogakkhandhaṃ pahāya mahantaṃ vā bhogakkhandhaṃ pahāya appaṃ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ pahāya mahantaṃ vā ñātiparivaṭṭaṃ pahāya kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati.
这里,如来出现于世间,是阿拉汉、正等正觉者、明行具足者、善逝、世间解、无上士、调御丈夫者、天人师、佛陀、世尊。他以自己的证智证悟后,宣说这包括天、魔、梵的世界,包括沙门、婆罗门、天、人的众生界。他教导法,初善、中善、后善,有义、有文,宣说完全圆满、清净的梵行。那法,家主、或家主之子、或生于其他族姓者听闻。他听闻那法后,对如来获得信。他具足那信的获得后,如此省察:『在家生活是障碍、是尘垢之道,出家是空旷处。住在家中,不容易行完全圆满、完全清净、如磨光的海螺般的梵行。我何不剃除发须,披着袈裟衣,从在家出家成为非家呢?』他于后时,舍弃少量的财富聚、或舍弃大量的财富聚,舍弃少量的亲族圈、或舍弃大量的亲族圈,剃除发须,披着袈裟衣,从在家出家成为非家。
§178
So evaṃ pabbajito samāno bhikkhūnaṃ sikkhāsājīvasamāpanno pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti nihitadaṇḍo nihitasattho lajjī dayāpanno sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharati.
他如此出家后,具足比库们的学处与活命,舍断杀生,离杀生,放下棍棒、放下刀剑,有惭、有悲愍,对一切有生命者的利益与悲愍而住。
Adinnādānaṃ pahāya adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti dinnādāyī dinnapāṭikaṅkhī, athenena sucibhūtena attanā viharati.
舍断不与取,离不与取,取所与、期待所与,以不盗取而清净的自己而住。
Abrahmacariyaṃ pahāya brahmacārī hoti ārācārī paṭivirato methunā gāmadhammā.
舍断非梵行,是梵行者,远离、离淫欲的俗法。
Musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato hoti saccavādī saccasandho theto paccayiko avisaṃvādako lokassa.
舍断妄语,他离妄语,是真实语者、真实的结合者、可信赖者、可依靠者、对世间不欺诳者。
Pisuṇaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti, ito sutvā na amutra akkhātā imesaṃ bhedāya, amutra vā sutvā na imesaṃ akkhātā amūsaṃ bhedāya. Iti bhinnānaṃ vā sandhātā sahitānaṃ vā anuppadātā samaggārāmo samaggarato samagganandī samaggakaraṇiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti.
舍断两舌,他离两舌,从此处听到后不在彼处说以破坏这些人,或从彼处听到后不对这些人说以破坏那些人。如此,他是已破裂者的结合者,或已结合者的支持者,乐于和合、喜爱和合、欢喜和合,说造成和合之语。
Pharusaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti. Yā sā vācā nelā kaṇṇasukhā pemanīyā hadayaṅgamā porī bahujanakantā bahujanamanāpā tathārūpiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā hoti.
舍断粗恶语,他离粗恶语。凡是那柔和的、悦耳的、可爱的、动心的、优雅的、众人所喜的、众人所爱的语,他说如此之语。
Samphappalāpaṃ pahāya samphappalāpā paṭivirato hoti, kālavādī bhūtavādī atthavādī dhammavādī vinayavādī nidhānavatiṃ vācaṃ bhāsitā kālena sāpadesaṃ pariyantavatiṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ.
舍断杂秽语,他离杂秽语,是适时语者、真实语者、利益语者、法语者、律语者,说有价值之语,适时的、有理由的、有限度的、与利益相应的。
§179
So bījagāmabhūtagāmasamārambhā paṭivirato hoti, ekabhattiko hoti rattūparato virato vikālabhojanā, naccagītavāditavisūkadassanā paṭivirato hoti, mālāgandhavilepanadhāraṇamaṇḍanavibhūsanaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti, uccāsayanamahāsayanā paṭivirato hoti, jātarūparajatapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti.
他离种子类、草木类的损坏,是一日一食者,夜间停止,离非时食,离观看跳舞、歌唱、音乐、表演,离持花鬘、香、涂香及装饰、庄严之具,离高床、大床,离接受金银。
Āmakadhaññapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti, āmakamaṃsapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti, itthikumārikāpaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti, dāsidāsapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti, ajeḷakapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti, kukkuṭasūkarapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti, hatthigavāssavaḷavapaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti, khettavatthupaṭiggahaṇā paṭivirato hoti, dūteyyapahiṇagamanānuyogā paṭivirato hoti, kayavikkayā paṭivirato hoti, tulākūṭakaṃsakūṭamānakūṭā paṭivirato hoti, ukkoṭanavañcananikatisāciyogā paṭivirato hoti, chedanavadhabandhanaviparāmosaālopasahasākārā paṭivirato hoti.
他离接受生谷,离接受生肉,离接受妇女、少女,离接受婢女、奴仆,离接受山羊、绵羊,离接受鸡、猪,离接受象、牛、马、骡,离接受田地、宅地,离从事送信、使者之行,离买卖,离在秤、伪币、度量上的欺诈,离贿赂、欺骗、诈欺、狡诈之行,离断截、杀害、捆绑、抢夺、掠夺、强暴之行。
§180
So santuṭṭho hoti kāyaparihārikena cīvarena kucchiparihārikena piṇḍapātena. So yena yeneva pakkamati samādāyeva pakkamati, seyyathāpi nāma pakkhī sakuṇo yena yeneva ḍeti sapattabhārova ḍeti. Evamevaṃ bhikkhu santuṭṭho hoti kāyaparihārikena cīvarena kucchiparihārikena piṇḍapātena. So yena yeneva pakkamati samādāyeva pakkamati. So iminā ariyena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato ajjhattaṃ anavajjasukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti.
他以护身的衣、护腹的钵食为满足。他无论去何处,只是携带着而去,犹如名为鸟的飞禽,无论飞往何处,只是带着翅膀之负担而飞。同样地,比库以护身的衣、护腹的钵食为满足。他无论去何处,只是携带着而去。他具备此圣戒蕴,于内感受无过失之乐。
§181
So cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati; sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā…pe… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā…pe… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati manindriyaṃ, manindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. So iminā ariyena indriyasaṃvarena samannāgato ajjhattaṃ abyāsekasukhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti.
他以眼见色后,不取相,不取随相。因为若住于不防护此眼根者,贪忧、诸恶不善法会流入,他为其防护而行道,保护眼根,在眼根上达到防护;以耳听声后……以鼻嗅香后……以舌尝味后……以身触所触后……以意识法后,不取相,不取随相。因为若住于不防护此意根者,贪忧、诸恶不善法会流入,他为其防护而行道,保护意根,在意根上达到防护。他具备此圣根律仪,于内感受无染之乐。
§182
So abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hoti, ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti, saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccārapassāvakamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti.
他在前进、后退时是正知而行者,在前视、旁视时是正知而行者,在屈、伸时是正知而行者,在持桑喀帝、钵、衣时是正知而行者,在食、饮、嚼、尝时是正知而行者,在大小便时是正知而行者,在行、住、坐、卧、醒、语、默时是正知而行者。
So iminā ca ariyena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato iminā ca ariyena indriyasaṃvarena samannāgato iminā ca ariyena satisampajaññena samannāgato imāya ca ariyāya santuṭṭhiyā samannāgato vivittaṃ senāsanaṃ bhajati araññaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ pabbataṃ kandaraṃ giriguhaṃ susānaṃ vanapatthaṃ abbhokāsaṃ palālapuñjaṃ. So pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. So abhijjhaṃ loke pahāya vigatābhijjhena cetasā viharati, abhijjhāya cittaṃ parisodheti; byāpādapadosaṃ pahāya abyāpannacitto viharati sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī, byāpādapadosā cittaṃ parisodheti; thinamiddhaṃ pahāya vigatathinamiddho viharati ālokasaññī sato sampajāno, thinamiddhā cittaṃ parisodheti; uddhaccakukkuccaṃ pahāya anuddhato viharati ajjhattaṃ vūpasantacitto, uddhaccakukkuccā cittaṃ parisodheti; vicikicchaṃ pahāya tiṇṇavicikiccho viharati akathaṃkathī kusalesu dhammesu, vicikicchāya cittaṃ parisodheti.
他具备此圣戒蕴,具备此圣根律仪,具备此圣念与正知,具备此圣知足,亲近远离的住所:森林、树下、山岳、山洞、山窟、冢间、林丛、露地、稻草堆。他在午后,从托钵乞食返回,结跏趺坐,保持身体正直,使念现起于面前。他舍断世间的贪,以离贪之心而住,从贪净化其心;舍断嗔恨恼害,以无嗔之心而住,对一切有情众生怀有慈愍,从嗔恨恼害净化其心;舍断昏沉睡眠,以离昏沉睡眠而住,有光明想、具念、正知,从昏沉睡眠净化其心;舍断掉举追悔,以不掉举而住,内心寂静,从掉举追悔净化其心;舍断疑,以度脱疑而住,对诸善法无疑惑,从疑净化其心。
§183
So ime pañca nīvaraṇe pahāya cetaso upakkilese paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati; vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati; pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato ca sampajāno sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati; sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
他舍断这五盖——心的随烦恼、慧的弱化者——远离诸欲,远离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜乐,证入初禅那而住;由于寻伺的止息,内净、心一境性,无寻、无伺,定生喜乐,证入第二禅那而住;由于喜的离去,他住于舍、具念、正知,以身体验乐,正如圣者们所说的「舍、具念、乐住」,证入第三禅那而住;由于乐的舍断与苦的舍断,先前喜忧已灭没,不苦不乐,舍念清净,证入第四禅那而住。
So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmeti. So anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe – ‘‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhapaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhapaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’’ti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.
当其心如此得定、清净、明净、无秽、离随烦恼、柔软、适业、住立、达到不动时,他使心倾向于宿住随念智。他忆念种种宿住,即:一生、二生、三生、四生、五生、十生、二十生、三十生、四十生、五十生、百生、千生、百千生,许多坏劫、许多成劫、许多坏成劫——「我在那里是这样的名、这样的姓、这样的容貌、这样的食物、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿量,从那里死后,在那里出生;在那里也是这样的名、这样的姓、这样的容貌、这样的食物、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿量,从那里死后,在这里出生」。如此,他忆念种种宿住,有相、有细节。
§184
So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte sattānaṃ cutūpapātañāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmeti. So dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti – ‘‘ime vata bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā, vacīduccaritena samannāgatā, manoduccaritena samannāgatā, ariyānaṃ upavādakā, micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā. Te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā. Ime vā pana bhonto sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā. Te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā’’ti. So iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti.
当其心如此得定、清净、明净、无秽、离随烦恼、柔软、适业、住立、达到不动时,他使心倾向于诸有情死生智。他以清净、超越人的天眼,见诸有情死时、生时,卑贱、高贵,美好、丑陋,善趣、恶趣,了知有情随业流转——「这些尊者有情具足身恶行、具足语恶行、具足意恶行,诽谤圣者,邪见,受持邪见业。他们身坏命终后,生于苦处、恶趣、堕处、地狱。而这些尊者有情具足身善行、具足语善行、具足意善行,不诽谤圣者,正见,受持正见业。他们身坏命终后,生于善趣、天界」。如此,他以清净、超越人的天眼,见诸有情死时、生时,卑贱、高贵,美好、丑陋,善趣、恶趣,了知有情随业流转。
§185
So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte āsavānaṃ khayañāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmeti. So ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ime āsavā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ āsavasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ āsavanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ āsavanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Tassa evaṃ jānato evaṃ passato kāmāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati, bhavāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati, avijjāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati. Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’’ti pajānāti. Evaṃ puggalo neva attantapo ca hoti na attaparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto, na parantapo na paraparitāpanānuyogamanuyutto. So anattantapo aparantapo diṭṭheva dhamme nicchāto nibbuto sītībhūto sukhappaṭisaṃvedī brahmabhūtena attanā viharati.
当其心如此得定、清净、明净、无秽、离随烦恼、柔软、适业、住立、达到不动时,他使心倾向于诸漏尽智。他如实了知「这是苦」,如实了知「这是苦集」,如实了知「这是苦灭」,如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」,如实了知「这些是漏」,如实了知「这是漏集」,如实了知「这是漏灭」,如实了知「这是导至漏灭之道」。当他如此知、如此见时,心从欲漏解脱,心从有漏解脱,心从无明漏解脱。于解脱中,有「已解脱」之智。他了知「生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有此存在」。如此,此人既不自苦,不从事自我折磨之行,也不苦他,不从事折磨他人之行。他不自苦、不苦他,于现法中无渴、涅槃、清凉、体验乐,以梵化之自我而住。
§186
Katamo ca puggalo sarāgo? Yassa puggalassa rāgo appahīno, ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘sarāgo’’.
何为有贪者?凡某人的贪未舍断,此人称为「有贪者」。
Katamo ca puggalo sadoso? Yassa puggalassa doso appahīno, ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘sadoso’’.
何为有嗔者?凡某人的嗔未舍断,此人称为「有嗔者」。
Katamo ca puggalo samoho? Yassa puggalassa moho appahīno, ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘samoho’’.
什么是有痴的补特伽罗?凡补特伽罗的痴未被断除,这被称为「有痴」的补特伽罗。
Katamo ca puggalo samāno? Yassa puggalassa māno appahīno, ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘samāno’’.
什么是有慢的补特伽罗?凡补特伽罗的慢未被断除,这被称为「有慢」的补特伽罗。
§187
Kathañca puggalo lābhī hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, na lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya? Idhekacco puggalo lābhī hoti rūpasahagatānaṃ vā arūpasahagatānaṃ vā samāpattīnaṃ, na lābhī lokuttaramaggassa vā phalassa vā. Evaṃ puggalo lābhī hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, na lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya.
如何补特伽罗是获得内心寂止者,而非获得增上慧法观者?这里,某补特伽罗是获得色界或无色界诸等至者,而非获得出世间道或果者。如此,补特伽罗是获得内心寂止者,而非获得增上慧法观者。
Kathañca puggalo lābhī hoti adhipaññādhammavipassanāya, na lābhī ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa? Idhekacco puggalo lābhī hoti lokuttaramaggassa vā phalassa vā, na lābhī rūpasahagatānaṃ vā arūpasahagatānaṃ vā samāpattīnaṃ. Evaṃ puggalo lābhī hoti adhipaññādhammavipassanāya, na lābhī ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa.
如何补特伽罗是获得增上慧法观者,而非获得内心寂止者?这里,某补特伽罗是获得出世间道或果者,而非获得色界或无色界诸等至者。如此,补特伽罗是获得增上慧法观者,而非获得内心寂止者。
Kathañca puggalo lābhī ceva hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, lābhī ca adhipaññādhammavipassanāya? Idhekacco puggalo lābhī hoti rūpasahagatānaṃ vā arūpasahagatānaṃ vā samāpattīnaṃ, lābhī lokuttaramaggassa vā phalassa vā. Evaṃ puggalo lābhī ceva hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, lābhī ca adhipaññādhammavipassanāya.
如何补特伽罗既是获得内心寂止者,也是获得增上慧法观者?这里,某补特伽罗是获得色界或无色界诸等至者,也是获得出世间道或果者。如此,补特伽罗既是获得内心寂止者,也是获得增上慧法观者。
Kathañca puggalo neva lābhī hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, na lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya? Idhekacco puggalo neva lābhī hoti rūpasahagatānaṃ vā arūpasahagatānaṃ vā samāpattīnaṃ, na lābhī lokuttaramaggassa vā phalassa vā. Evaṃ puggalo neva lābhī hoti ajjhattaṃ cetosamathassa, na lābhī adhipaññādhammavipassanāya.
如何补特伽罗既非获得内心寂止者,也非获得增上慧法观者?这里,某补特伽罗既非获得色界或无色界诸等至者,也非获得出世间道或果者。如此,补特伽罗既非获得内心寂止者,也非获得增上慧法观者。
§188
Katamo ca puggalo anusotagāmī? Idhekacco puggalo kāme ca paṭisevati pāpañca kammaṃ karoti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘anusotagāmī’’.
什么是随流而行的补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗既受用诸欲,也造作恶业。这被称为「随流而行」的补特伽罗。
Katamo ca puggalo paṭisotagāmī? Idhekacco puggalo kāme ca na paṭisevati pāpañca kammaṃ na karoti. So sahāpi dukkhena sahāpi domanassena assumukhenapi rudamāno paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carati. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘paṭisotagāmī’’.
什么是逆流而行的补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗既不受用诸欲,也不造作恶业。他即使伴随着苦,即使伴随着忧,即使流着泪哭泣,也行圆满清净的梵行。这被称为「逆流而行」的补特伽罗。
Katamo ca puggalo ṭhitatto? Idhekacco puggalo pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘ṭhitatto’’.
什么是住于彼岸的补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗以五下分结的灭尽,成为化生者,在那里般涅槃,不从那个世间再来。这被称为「住于彼岸」的补特伽罗。
Katamo ca puggalo tiṇṇo pāraṅgato thale tiṭṭhati brāhmaṇo? Idhekacco puggalo āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo tiṇṇo pāraṅgato thale tiṭṭhati brāhmaṇo.
什么是已渡、到彼岸、住于陆地的婆罗门补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗以诸漏的灭尽,于现法自己以证智作证、具足无漏的心解脱、慧解脱而住。这被称为已渡、到彼岸、住于陆地的婆罗门补特伽罗。
§189
Kathañca puggalo appassuto hoti sutena anupapanno? Idhekaccassa puggalassa appakaṃ sutaṃ hoti suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthaṃ udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ. So tassa appakassa sutassa na atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya dhammānudhammappaṭipanno hoti. Evaṃ puggalo appassuto hoti sutena anupapanno.
如何补特伽罗是少闻者、以所闻未成就?这里,某补特伽罗所闻少,即经、应颂、记说、偈颂、自说、如是语、本生、未曾有法、吠陀罗。他对那少所闻不知义、不知法,不是随法行道者。如此,补特伽罗是少闻者、以所闻未成就。
Kathañca puggalo appassuto hoti sutena upapanno? Idhekaccassa puggalassa appakaṃ sutaṃ hoti suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthaṃ udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ. So tassa appakassa sutassa atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya dhammānudhammappaṭipanno hoti. Evaṃ puggalo appassuto hoti sutena upapanno.
如何补特伽罗是少闻者、以所闻成就?这里,某补特伽罗所闻少,即经、应颂、记说、偈颂、自说、如是语、本生、未曾有法、吠陀罗。他对那少所闻知义、知法,是随法行道者。如此,补特伽罗是少闻者、以所闻成就。
Kathañca puggalo bahussuto hoti sutena anupapanno? Idhekaccassa puggalassa bahukaṃ sutaṃ hoti suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthaṃ udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ. So tassa bahukassa sutassa na atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya dhammānudhammappaṭipanno hoti. Evaṃ puggalo bahussuto hoti sutena anupapanno.
如何补特伽罗是多闻者、以所闻未成就?这里,某补特伽罗所闻多,即经、应颂、记说、偈颂、自说、如是语、本生、未曾有法、吠陀罗。他对那多所闻不知义、不知法,不是随法行道者。如此,补特伽罗是多闻者、以所闻未成就。
Kathañca puggalo bahussuto hoti sutena upapanno? Idhekaccassa puggalassa bahukaṃ sutaṃ hoti suttaṃ geyyaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ gāthaṃ udānaṃ itivuttakaṃ jātakaṃ abbhutadhammaṃ vedallaṃ. So tassa bahukassa sutassa atthamaññāya dhammamaññāya dhammānudhammappaṭipanno hoti. Evaṃ puggalo bahussuto hoti sutena upapanno.
如何补特伽罗是多闻者、以所闻成就?这里,某补特伽罗所闻多,即经、应颂、记说、偈颂、自说、如是语、本生、未曾有法、吠陀罗。他对那多所闻知义、知法,是随法行道者。如此,补特伽罗是多闻者、以所闻成就。
§190
Katamo ca puggalo samaṇamacalo? Idhekacco puggalo tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpanno hoti avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyano. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘samaṇamacalo’’.
什么是沙门莲花补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗以三结的灭尽,成为入流者,不堕恶趣法,决定,以正觉为彼岸。这被称为「沙门莲花」补特伽罗。
Katamo ca puggalo samaṇapadumo? Idhekacco puggalo tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmī hoti, sakideva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantaṃ karoti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘samaṇapadumo’’.
什么是沙门白莲花补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗以三结的灭尽、贪嗔痴的减弱,成为一来者,只来此世间一次,作苦的终结。这被称为「沙门白莲花」补特伽罗。
Katamo ca puggalo samaṇapuṇḍarīko? Idhekacco puggalo pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘samaṇapuṇḍarīko’’.
什么是沙门中的白莲花补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗以五下分结的灭尽,成为化生者,在那里般涅槃,不从那个世间再来。这被称为「沙门中的白莲花」补特伽罗。
Katamo ca puggalo samaṇesu samaṇasukhumālo? Idhekacco puggalo āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ‘‘samaṇesu samaṇasukhumālo’’ti.
什么是沙门中最胜微妙的沙门补特伽罗?这里,某补特伽罗以诸漏的灭尽,于现法自己以证智作证、具足无漏的心解脱、慧解脱后而住。这被称为「沙门中最胜微妙的沙门」补特伽罗。
Catukkaniddeso. · 四法分别
5. Pañcakapuggalapaññatti5. 五法人施设
§191
Tatra yvāyaṃ puggalo ārabhati ca vippaṭisārī ca hoti, tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti , so evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘āyasmato kho ārambhajā āsavā saṃvijjanti, vippaṭisārajā āsavā pavaḍḍhanti. Sādhu vatāyasmā ārambhaje āsave pahāya vippaṭisāraje āsave paṭivinodetvā cittaṃ paññañca bhāvetu. Evamāyasmā amunā pañcamena puggalena samasamo bhavissatī’’ti.
于此,凡那个精勤且追悔的补特伽罗,他不如实了知那心解脱、慧解脱,在那里他已生起的诸恶不善法无余灭尽,应当对他这样说——「具寿确实存在从精勤而生的诸漏,从追悔而生的诸漏增长。善哉!具寿舍断从精勤而生的诸漏,遣除从追悔而生的诸漏后,修习心与慧。如此,具寿将与那第五种补特伽罗相等。」
Tatra yvāyaṃ puggalo ārabhati na vippaṭisārī hoti, tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti, so evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘āyasmato kho ārambhajā āsavā saṃvijjanti, vippaṭisārajā āsavā nappavaḍḍhanti. Sādhu vatāyasmā ārambhaje āsave pahāya cittaṃ paññañca bhāvetu. Evamāyasmā amunā pañcamena puggalena samasamo bhavissatī’’ti.
于此,凡那个精勤而不追悔的补特伽罗,他不如实了知那心解脱、慧解脱,在那里他已生起的诸恶不善法无余灭尽,应当对他这样说——「具寿确实存在从精勤而生的诸漏,从追悔而生的诸漏不增长。善哉!具寿舍断从精勤而生的诸漏后,修习心与慧。如此,具寿将与那第五种补特伽罗相等。」
Tatra yvāyaṃ puggalo na ārabhati vippaṭisārī hoti, tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti, so evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘āyasmato kho ārambhajā āsavā na saṃvijjanti, vippaṭisārajā āsavā pavaḍḍhanti. Sādhu vatāyasmā vippaṭisāraje āsave paṭivinodetvā cittaṃ paññañca bhāvetu. Evamāyasmā amunā pañcamena puggalena samasamo bhavissatī’’ti.
于此,凡那个不精勤而追悔的补特伽罗,他不如实了知那心解脱、慧解脱,在那里他已生起的诸恶不善法无余灭尽,应当对他这样说——「具寿确实不存在从精勤而生的诸漏,从追悔而生的诸漏增长。善哉!具寿遣除从追悔而生的诸漏后,修习心与慧。如此,具寿将与那第五种补特伽罗相等。」
Tatra yvāyaṃ puggalo na ārabhati na vippaṭisārī hoti, tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, yatthassa te pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti, so evamassa vacanīyo – ‘‘āyasmato kho ārambhajā āsavā na saṃvijjanti, vippaṭisārajā āsavā nappavaḍḍhanti. Sādhu vatāyasmā cittaṃ paññañca bhāvetu. Evamāyasmā amunā pañcamena puggalena samasamo bhavissatī’’ti. Ime cattāro puggalā amunā pañcamena puggalena evaṃ ovadiyamānā evaṃ anusāsiyamānā anupubbena āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇanti.
于此,凡那个不精勤、不追悔的补特伽罗,他不如实了知那心解脱、慧解脱,在那里他已生起的诸恶不善法无余灭尽,应当对他这样说——「具寿确实不存在从精勤而生的诸漏,从追悔而生的诸漏不增长。善哉!具寿修习心与慧。如此,具寿将与那第五种补特伽罗相等。」这四种补特伽罗被那第五种补特伽罗如此教诫、如此教导后,次第达到诸漏的灭尽。
§192
Kathañca puggalo datvā avajānāti? Idhekacco puggalo yassa puggalassa deti cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ, tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘‘ahaṃ dammi, ayaṃ paṭiggaṇhātī’’ti, tamenaṃ datvā avajānāti. Evaṃ puggalo datvā avajānāti.
补特伽罗如何施后轻视?这里,某补特伽罗对他所施与衣、食、住所、病者所需药品资具的补特伽罗,他这样想:「我施与,这位受取。」他施后轻视他。如此,补特伽罗施后轻视。
Kathañca puggalo saṃvāsena avajānāti? Idhekacco puggalo yena puggalena saddhiṃ saṃvasati dve vā tīṇi vā vassāni, tamenaṃ saṃvāsena avajānāti. Evaṃ puggalo saṃvāsena avajānāti.
补特伽罗如何以共住而轻视?这里,某补特伽罗与他共住二或三雨安居的补特伽罗,他以共住而轻视他。如此,补特伽罗以共住而轻视。
Kathañca puggalo ādheyyamukho hoti? Idhekacco puggalo parassa vaṇṇe vā avaṇṇe vā bhāsiyamāne khippaññeva adhimuccitā hoti. Evaṃ puggalo ādheyyamukho hoti .
如何是易受影响之人呢?于此,某人当他人说赞叹或毁谤时,很快就受影响。如此,此人是易受影响之人。
Kathañca puggalo lolo hoti? Idhekacco puggalo ittarasaddho hoti ittarabhattī ittarapemo ittarappasādo. Evaṃ puggalo lolo hoti.
如何是轻浮之人呢?于此,某人信心轻浮,虔诚轻浮,爱好轻浮,净信轻浮。如此,此人是轻浮之人。
Kathañca puggalo mando momūho hoti? Idhekacco puggalo kusalākusale dhamme na jānāti, sāvajjānavajje dhamme na jānāti, hīnappaṇīte dhamme na jānāti, kaṇhasukkasappaṭibhāge dhamme na jānāti. Evaṃ puggalo mando momūho hoti.
如何是愚钝痴迷之人呢?于此,某人不知善不善法,不知有罪无罪法,不知劣胜法,不知黑白相对法。如此,此人是愚钝痴迷之人。
§193
Tattha katame pañca yodhājīvūpamā puggalā? Pañca yodhājīvā – idhekacco yodhājīvo rajaggaññeva disvā saṃsīdati visīdati na santhambhati na sakkoti saṅgāmaṃ otarituṃ. Evarūpopi idhekacco yodhājīvo hoti. Ayaṃ paṭhamo yodhājīvo santo saṃvijjamāno lokasmiṃ.
于此,什么是五种如战士的人呢?有五种战士——于此,某战士仅见尘埃之相即沮丧、消沉,不能坚持,不能进入战斗。如此类的某战士也存在于此。这是第一种战士,真实存在于世间。
Puna caparaṃ idhekacco yodhājīvo sahati rajaggaṃ, api ca kho dhajaggaññeva disvā saṃsīdati visīdati na santhambhati na sakkoti saṅgāmaṃ otarituṃ. Evarūpopi idhekacco yodhājīvo hoti. Ayaṃ dutiyo yodhājīvo santo saṃvijjamāno lokasmiṃ.
再者,于此,某战士能忍受尘埃之相,但仅见旗帜之相即沮丧、消沉,不能坚持,不能进入战斗。如此类的某战士也存在于此。这是第二种战士,真实存在于世间。
Puna caparaṃ idhekacco yodhājīvo sahati rajaggaṃ sahati dhajaggaṃ, api ca kho ussāraṇaññeva sutvā saṃsīdati visīdati na santhambhati na sakkoti saṅgāmaṃ otarituṃ. Evarūpopi idhekacco yodhājīvo hoti. Ayaṃ tatiyo yodhājīvo santo saṃvijjamāno lokasmiṃ.
再者,于此,某战士能忍受尘埃之相,能忍受旗帜之相,但仅听到喧嚣声即沮丧、消沉,不能坚持,不能进入战斗。如此类的某战士也存在于此。这是第三种战士,真实存在于世间。
Puna caparaṃ idhekacco yodhājīvo sahati rajaggaṃ sahati dhajaggaṃ sahati ussāraṇaṃ, api ca kho sampahāre haññati byāpajjati. Evarūpopi idhekacco yodhājīvo hoti. Ayaṃ catuttho yodhājīvo santo saṃvijjamāno lokasmiṃ.
再者,于此,某战士能忍受尘埃之相,能忍受旗帜之相,能忍受喧嚣声,但在交锋中被杀、被击败。如此类的某战士也存在于此。这是第四种战士,真实存在于世间。
Puna caparaṃ idhekacco yodhājīvo sahati rajaggaṃ sahati dhajaggaṃ sahati ussāraṇaṃ sahati sampahāraṃ. So taṃ saṅgāmaṃ abhivijinitvā vijitasaṅgāmo tameva saṅgāmasīsaṃ ajjhāvasati. Evarūpopi idhekacco yodhājīvo hoti. Ayaṃ pañcamo yodhājīvo santo saṃvijjamāno lokasmiṃ. Ime pañca yodhājīvā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ.
再者,于此,某战士能忍受尘埃之相,能忍受旗帜之相,能忍受喧嚣声,能忍受交锋。他战胜那场战斗,成为战胜者,住于那战场之首。如此类的某战士也存在于此。这是第五种战士,真实存在于世间。这五种战士真实存在于世间。
§194
Evamevaṃ pañcime yodhājīvūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā bhikkhūsu. Katame pañca? Idhekacco bhikkhu rajaggaññeva disvā saṃsīdati visīdati na santhambhati na sakkoti brahmacariyaṃ sandhāretuṃ , sikkhādubbalyaṃ āvikatvā sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati. Kimassa rajaggasmiṃ? Idha bhikkhu suṇāti – ‘‘asukasmiṃ nāma gāme vā nigame vā itthī vā kumārī vā abhirūpā dassanīyā pāsādikā paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgatā’’ti. So taṃ sutvā saṃsīdati visīdati na santhambhati na sakkoti brahmacariyaṃ sandhāretuṃ, sikkhādubbalyaṃ āvikatvā sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati. Idamassa rajaggasmiṃ.
如是,这五种如战士的人确实存在、可见于比库们中。哪五种?这里,某位比库仅仅见到尘埃就沮丧、消沉,不能坚持,不能维持梵行,显示学的软弱后,舍弃学而还归于低劣。什么是他的尘埃?这里,比库听闻:『在某某村或镇,有妇女或少女,美丽、好看、可爱,具足最胜的美色』。他听闻此后就沮丧、消沉,不能坚持,不能维持梵行,显示学的软弱后,舍弃学而还归于低劣。这是他的尘埃。
Seyyathāpi so yodhājīvo rajaggaññeva disvā saṃsīdati visīdati na santhambhati na sakkoti saṅgāmaṃ otarituṃ, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Evarūpopi idhekacco puggalo hoti. Ayaṃ paṭhamo yodhājīvūpamo puggalo santo saṃvijjamāno bhikkhūsu.
犹如那位战士仅仅见到尘埃就沮丧、消沉,不能坚持,不能进入战斗,这种人与此相似。如是,这里也有某种这样的人。这是第一种如战士的人,确实存在、可见于比库们中。
§195
Puna caparaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu sahati rajaggaṃ, api ca kho dhajaggaññeva disvā saṃsīdati visīdati na santhambhati na sakkoti brahmacariyaṃ sandhāretuṃ, sikkhādubbalyaṃ āvikatvā sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati. Kimassa dhajaggasmiṃ? Idha bhikkhu na heva kho suṇāti – ‘‘asukasmiṃ nāma gāme vā nigame vā itthī vā kumārī vā abhirūpā dassanīyā pāsādikā paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgatā’’ti, api ca kho sāmaṃ passati itthiṃ vā kumāriṃ vā abhirūpaṃ dassanīyaṃ pāsādikaṃ paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgataṃ. So taṃ disvā saṃsīdati visīdati na santhambhati na sakkoti brahmacariyaṃ sandhāretuṃ, sikkhādubbalyaṃ āvikatvā sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati. Idamassa dhajaggasmiṃ.
再者,这里,某位比库能忍受尘埃,但是仅仅见到旗帜就沮丧、消沉,不能坚持,不能维持梵行,显示学的软弱后,舍弃学而还归于低劣。什么是他的旗帜?这里,比库不是听闻:『在某某村或镇,有妇女或少女,美丽、好看、可爱,具足最胜的美色』,而是自己看见妇女或少女,美丽、好看、可爱,具足最胜的美色。他见到此后就沮丧、消沉,不能坚持,不能维持梵行,显示学的软弱后,舍弃学而还归于低劣。这是他的旗帜。
Seyyathāpi so yodhājīvo sahati rajaggaṃ, api ca kho dhajaggaññeva disvā saṃsīdati visīdati na santhambhati na sakkoti saṅgāmaṃ otarituṃ, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Evarūpopi idhekacco puggalo hoti. Ayaṃ dutiyo yodhājīvūpamo puggalo santo saṃvijjamāno bhikkhūsu.
犹如那位战士能忍受尘埃,但是仅仅见到旗帜就沮丧、消沉,不能坚持,不能进入战斗,这种人与此相似。如是,这里也有某种这样的人。这是第二种如战士的人,确实存在、可见于比库们中。
§196
Puna caparaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu sahati rajaggaṃ sahati dhajaggaṃ, api ca kho ussāraṇaññeva sutvā saṃsīdati visīdati na santhambhati na sakkoti brahmacariyaṃ sandhāretuṃ, sikkhādubbalyaṃ āvikatvā sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati. Kimassa ussāraṇāya? Idha bhikkhuṃ araññagataṃ vā rukkhamūlagataṃ vā suññāgāragataṃ vā mātugāmo upasaṅkamitvā ūhasati ullapati ujjagghati uppaṇḍeti. So mātugāmena ūhasiyamāno ullapiyamāno ujjagghiyamāno uppaṇḍiyamāno saṃsīdati visīdati na santhambhati na sakkoti brahmacariyaṃ sandhāretuṃ, sikkhādubbalyaṃ āvikatvā sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattati. Idamassa ussāraṇāya.
再者,这里,某位比库能忍受尘埃,能忍受旗帜,但是仅仅听到喧嚣就沮丧、消沉,不能坚持,不能维持梵行,显示学的软弱后,舍弃学而还归于低劣。什么是他的喧嚣?这里,当比库去到林野、去到树下、去到空闲处时,妇女前来接近后,戏笑、调戏、嬉闹、挑逗。他被妇女戏笑、调戏、嬉闹、挑逗后,就沮丧、消沉,不能坚持,不能维持梵行,显示学的软弱后,舍弃学而还归于低劣。这是他的喧嚣。
Seyyathāpi so yodhājīvo sahati rajaggaṃ sahati dhajaggaṃ, api ca kho ussāraṇaññeva sutvā saṃsīdati visīdati na santhambhati na sakkoti saṅgāmaṃ otarituṃ, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Evarūpopi idhekacco puggalo hoti. Ayaṃ tatiyo yodhājīvūpamo puggalo santo saṃvijjamāno bhikkhūsu.
犹如那位战士能忍受尘埃,能忍受旗帜,但是仅仅听到喧嚣就沮丧、消沉,不能坚持,不能进入战斗,这种人与此相似。如是,这里也有某种这样的人。这是第三种如战士的人,确实存在、可见于比库们中。
§197
Puna caparaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu sahati rajaggaṃ sahati dhajaggaṃ sahati ussāraṇaṃ, api ca kho sampahāre haññati byāpajjati. Kimassa sampahārasmiṃ? Idha bhikkhuṃ araññagataṃ vā rukkhamūlagataṃ vā suññāgāragataṃ vā mātugāmo upasaṅkamitvā abhinisīdati abhinipajjati ajjhottharati. So mātugāmena abhinisīdiyamāno abhinipajjiyamāno ajjhotthariyamāno sikkhaṃ appaccakkhāya dubbalyaṃ anāvikatvā methunaṃ dhammaṃ paṭisevati. Idamassa sampahārasmiṃ.
再者,这里,某位比库能忍受尘埃,能忍受旗帜,能忍受喧嚣,但是在交锋中被击败、被伤害。什么是他的交锋?这里,当比库去到林野、去到树下、去到空闲处时,妇女前来接近后,坐近、卧近、紧贴。他被妇女坐近、卧近、紧贴后,不舍弃学,不显示软弱,而行淫欲法。这是他的交锋。
Seyyathāpi so yodhājīvo sahati rajaggaṃ sahati dhajaggaṃ sahati ussāraṇaṃ, api ca kho sampahāre haññati byāpajjati, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Evarūpopi idhekacco puggalo hoti. Ayaṃ catuttho yodhājīvūpamo puggalo santo saṃvijjamāno bhikkhūsu.
犹如那位战士能忍受尘埃,能忍受旗帜,能忍受喧嚣,但是在交锋中被击败、被伤害,这种人与此相似。如是,这里也有某种这样的人。这是第四种如战士的人,确实存在、可见于比库们中。
§198
Puna caparaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu sahati rajaggaṃ sahati dhajaggaṃ sahati ussāraṇaṃ sahati sampahāraṃ. So taṃ saṅgāmaṃ abhivijinitvā vijitasaṅgāmo tameva saṅgāmasīsaṃ ajjhāvasati. Kimassa saṅgāmavijayasmiṃ? Idha bhikkhuṃ araññagataṃ vā rukkhamūlagataṃ vā suññāgāragataṃ vā mātugāmo upasaṅkamitvā abhinisīdati abhinipajjati ajjhottharati. So mātugāmena abhinisīdiyamāno abhinipajjiyamāno ajjhotthariyamāno viniveṭhetvā vinimocetvā yena kāmaṃ pakkamati.
再者,这里,某位比库忍受尘土的顶端,忍受旗帜的顶端,忍受喧嚣,忍受战斗。他征服了那场战斗,成为战胜者,住于那战场的顶端。什么是他在战斗中的胜利?这里,比库去到林野,或去到树下,或去到空屋,女人前来接近他,坐近他,躺近他,紧贴他。他被女人坐近、躺近、紧贴时,挣脱后、解脱后,随意离去。
So vivittaṃ senāsanaṃ bhajati araññaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ pabbataṃ kandaraṃ giriguhaṃ susānaṃ vanapatthaṃ abbhokāsaṃ palālapuñjaṃ. So araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. So abhijjhaṃ loke pahāya vigatābhijjhena cetasā viharati, abhijjhāya cittaṃ parisodheti; byāpādapadosaṃ pahāya abyāpannacitto viharati, sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī byāpādapadosā cittaṃ parisodheti; thinamiddhaṃ pahāya vigatathinamiddho viharati ālokasaññī sato sampajāno, thinamiddhā cittaṃ parisodheti; uddhaccakukkuccaṃ pahāya anuddhato viharati ajjhattaṃ vūpasantacitto, uddhaccakukkuccā cittaṃ parisodheti; vicikicchaṃ pahāya tiṇṇavicikiccho viharati akathaṃkathī kusalesu dhammesu, vicikicchāya cittaṃ parisodheti.
他亲近远离的住所:林野、树下、山岳、洞窟、山洞、冢间、森林、露地、稻草堆。他去到林野,或去到树下,或去到空屋,结跏趺坐,保持身体正直,使念现起于面前。他舍断世间的贪,以离贪之心而住,从贪净化其心;舍断嗔恨恼害,以无嗔之心而住,对一切有情众生怀有利益与悲悯,从嗔恨恼害净化其心;舍断昏沉睡眠,离昏沉睡眠而住,有光明想,具念、正知,从昏沉睡眠净化其心;舍断掉举追悔,住于不掉举,内心寂静,从掉举追悔净化其心;舍断疑,度脱疑而住,对诸善法无疑惑,从疑净化其心。
So ime pañca nīvaraṇe pahāya cetaso upakkilese paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati; vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
他舍断这五盖——心的随烦恼、慧的弱化者——离诸欲,离诸不善法,有寻、有伺,离生喜乐,证入初禅而住;由于寻伺的止息,证入第二禅……乃至……第三禅……乃至……证入第四禅而住。
So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte āsavānaṃ khayañāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmeti. So ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ime āsavā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ āsavasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti , ‘‘ayaṃ āsavanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ āsavanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti.
当其心如此得定、清净、明净、无秽、离随烦恼、柔软、适业、住立、达到不动时,他使心倾向于诸漏尽智。他如实了知「这是苦」,如实了知「这是苦集」,如实了知「这是苦灭」,如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」,如实了知「这些是漏」,如实了知「这是漏集」,如实了知「这是漏灭」,如实了知「这是导至漏灭之道」。
Tassa evaṃ jānato evaṃ passato kāmāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati, bhavāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati, avijjāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccati. Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’’ti pajānāti. Idamassa saṅgāmavijayasmiṃ. Seyyathāpi so yodhājīvo sahati rajaggaṃ sahati dhajaggaṃ sahati ussāraṇaṃ sahati sampahāraṃ, so taṃ saṅgāmaṃ abhivijinitvā vijitasaṅgāmo tameva saṅgāmasīsaṃ ajjhāvasati, tathūpamo ayaṃ puggalo. Evarūpopi idhekacco puggalo hoti. Ayaṃ pañcamo yodhājīvūpamo puggalo santo saṃvijjamāno bhikkhūsu. Ime pañca yodhājīvūpamā puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā bhikkhūsu.
当他如此知、如此见时,心从欲漏解脱,心从有漏解脱,心从无明漏解脱。于解脱,生起「已解脱」之智。他了知「生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有此存在」。这是他在战斗中的胜利。犹如那位战士忍受尘土的顶端,忍受旗帜的顶端,忍受喧嚣,忍受战斗,他征服了那场战斗,成为战胜者,住于那战场的顶端,这个人也是如此相似。这里,某位这样的人存在。这是第五种战士相似的人,存在、可见于诸比库中。这五种战士相似的人,存在、可见于诸比库中。
§199
Tattha katame pañca piṇḍapātikā? Mandattā momūhattā piṇḍapātiko hoti, pāpiccho icchāpakato piṇḍapātiko hoti, ummādā cittavikkhepā piṇḍapātiko hoti, ‘‘vaṇṇitaṃ buddhehi buddhasāvakehī’’ti piṇḍapātiko hoti, api ca appicchataṃyeva nissāya santuṭṭhiṃyeva nissāya sallekhaṃyeva nissāya idamatthitaṃyeva nissāya piṇḍapātiko hoti. Tatra yvāyaṃ piṇḍapātiko appicchataṃyeva nissāya santuṭṭhiṃyeva nissāya sallekhaṃyeva nissāya idamatthitaṃyeva nissāya piṇḍapātiko, ayaṃ imesaṃ pañcannaṃ piṇḍapātikānaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca pāmokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca.
其中,哪五种乞食者?因愚钝、痴迷而为乞食者,因恶欲、为欲所驱使而为乞食者,因疯狂、心散乱而为乞食者,因「被诸佛、诸佛弟子所赞叹」而为乞食者,又,仅依止少欲、仅依止知足、仅依止削减、仅依止此是真实而为乞食者。其中,凡此乞食者仅依止少欲、仅依止知足、仅依止削减、仅依止此是真实而为乞食者,这是这五种乞食者中的最上、最胜、最高、最殊胜、最优。
Seyyathāpi nāma gavā khīraṃ, khīramhā dadhi, dadhimhā navanītaṃ , navanītamhā sappi, sappimhā sappimaṇḍo, sappimaṇḍaṃ tattha aggamakkhāyati; evamevaṃ yvāyaṃ piṇḍapātiko appicchataṃyeva nissāya santuṭṭhiṃyeva nissāya sallekhaṃyeva nissāya idamatthitaṃyeva nissāya piṇḍapātiko hoti, ayaṃ imesaṃ pañcannaṃ piṇḍapātikānaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca pāmokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca. Ime pañca piṇḍapātikā.
犹如从牛有乳,从乳有酪,从酪有生酥,从生酥有熟酥,从熟酥有酥精,酥精在那里被称为最上;同样地,凡此乞食者仅依止少欲、仅依止知足、仅依止削减、仅依止此是真实而为乞食者,这是这五种乞食者中的最上、最胜、最高、最殊胜、最优。这是五种乞食者。
§200
Tattha katame pañca khalupacchābhattikā…pe… pañca ekāsanikā…pe… pañca paṃsukūlikā…pe… pañca tecīvarikā…pe… pañca āraññikā…pe… pañca rukkhamūlikā …pe… pañca abbhokāsikā…pe… pañca nesajjikā…pe… pañca yathāsanthatikā…pe….
其中,哪五种次第乞食者……乃至……五种一坐食者……乃至……五种尘堆衣者……乃至……五种三衣者……乃至……五种林野住者……乃至……五种树下住者……乃至……五种露地住者……乃至……五种不卧者……乃至……五种随处住者……乃至……
§201
Tattha katame pañca sosānikā? Mandattā momūhattā sosāniko hoti, pāpiccho icchāpakato sosāniko hoti, ummādā cittavikkhepā sosāniko hoti, ‘‘vaṇṇitaṃ buddhehi buddhasāvakehī’’ti sosāniko hoti, api ca appicchataṃyeva nissāya santuṭṭhiṃyeva nissāya sallekhaṃyeva nissāya idamatthitaṃyeva nissāya sosāniko hoti. Tatra yvāyaṃ sosāniko appicchataṃyeva nissāya santuṭṭhiṃyeva nissāya sallekhaṃyeva nissāya idamatthitaṃyeva nissāya sosāniko, ayaṃ imesaṃ pañcannaṃ sosānikānaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca pāmokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca.
其中,什么是五种冢间住者?因愚钝、愚痴而为冢间住者,因恶欲、为欲所缚而为冢间住者,因疯狂、心散乱而为冢间住者,因「为诸佛、诸佛弟子所赞叹」而为冢间住者,又,依止少欲、依止知足、依止削减、依止远离而为冢间住者。其中,凡依止少欲、依止知足、依止削减、依止远离而为冢间住者,此为这五种冢间住者中最上、最胜、最高、最尊、最妙者。
Seyyathāpi nāma gavā khīraṃ, khīramhā dadhi, dadhimhā navanītaṃ, navanītamhā sappi, sappimhā sappimaṇḍo, sappimaṇḍaṃ tattha aggamakkhāyati; evamevaṃ yvāyaṃ sosāniko appicchataṃyeva nissāya santuṭṭhiṃyeva nissāya sallekhaṃyeva nissāya idamatthitaṃyeva nissāya sosāniko hoti, ayaṃ imesaṃ pañcannaṃ sosānikānaṃ aggo ca seṭṭho ca pāmokkho ca uttamo ca pavaro ca. Ime pañca sosānikā.
譬如从牛出乳,从乳出酪,从酪出生酥,从生酥出熟酥,从熟酥出醍醐,醍醐于其中被称为最上;如是,凡依止少欲、依止知足、依止削减、依止远离而为冢间住者,此为这五种冢间住者中最上、最胜、最高、最尊、最妙者。这些是五种冢间住者。
Pañcakaniddeso. · 五法分别
6. Chakkapuggalapaññatti6. 六法人施设
§202
Tatra yvāyaṃ puggalo pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhati, tattha ca sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇāti balesu ca vasībhāvaṃ, sammāsambuddho tena daṭṭhabbo.
其中,凡此人于以前未曾听闻的诸法中自己现证诸谛,并于其中获得一切知性及诸力的自在,应以正等正觉者视之。
Tatra yvāyaṃ puggalo pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhati, na ca tattha sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇāti na ca balesu vasībhāvaṃ, paccekasambuddho tena daṭṭhabbo.
其中,凡此人于以前未曾听闻的诸法中自己现证诸谛,但于其中未获得一切知性及诸力的自在,应以辟支佛视之。
Tatra yvāyaṃ puggalo pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni anabhisambujjhati, diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhassantakaro hoti , sāvakapāramiñca pāpuṇāti, sāriputtamoggallānā tena daṭṭhabbā.
其中,凡此人于以前未曾听闻的诸法中自己未现证诸谛,但于现法中成为苦的作终结者,并获得弟子波罗蜜,应以沙利子、摩嘎剌那视之。
Tatra yvāyaṃ puggalo pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni anabhisambujjhati , diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhassantakaro hoti, na ca sāvakapāramiṃ pāpuṇāti, avasesā arahantā tena daṭṭhabbā.
其中,凡此人于以前未曾听闻的诸法中自己未现证诸谛,但于现法中成为苦的作终结者,却未获得弟子波罗蜜,应以其余诸阿拉汉视之。
Tatra yvāyaṃ puggalo pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni anabhisambujjhati, na ca diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhassantakaro hoti, anāgāmī hoti anāgantā itthattaṃ, anāgāmī tena daṭṭhabbo.
其中,凡此人于以前未曾听闻的诸法中自己未现证诸谛,且于现法中未成为苦的作终结者,但为不来者、不再来此状态者,应以不来者视之。
Tatra yvāyaṃ puggalo pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni anabhisambujjhati, na ca diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhassantakaro hoti, āgantā itthattaṃ, sotāpannasakadāgāmino tena daṭṭhabbā.
其中,凡此人于以前未曾听闻的诸法中自己未现证诸谛,且于现法中未成为苦的作终结者,但会再来此状态者,应以入流者、一来者视之。
Chakkaniddeso. · 六法分别
7. Sattakapuggalapaññatti7. 七法人施设
§203
Kathañca puggalo sakiṃ nimuggo nimuggova hoti? Idhekacco puggalo samannāgato hoti ekantakāḷakehi akusalehi dhammehi. Evaṃ puggalo sakiṃ nimuggo nimuggova hoti.
如何是一沉没即沉没之人?这里,某人具足纯一黑暗的诸不善法。如此是一沉没即沉没之人。
Kathañca puggalo ummujjitvā nimujjati? Idhekacco puggalo ummujjati ‘‘sāhu saddhā kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu hirī kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu ottappaṃ kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu vīriyaṃ kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu paññā kusalesu dhammesū’’ti. Tassa sā saddhā neva tiṭṭhati no vaḍḍhati hāyatiyeva , tassa sā hirī neva tiṭṭhati no vaḍḍhati hāyatiyeva, tassa taṃ ottappaṃ neva tiṭṭhati no vaḍḍhati hāyatiyeva, tassa taṃ vīriyaṃ neva tiṭṭhati no vaḍḍhati hāyatiyeva, tassa sā paññā neva tiṭṭhati no vaḍḍhati hāyatiyeva. Evaṃ puggalo ummujjitvā nimujjati.
如何是浮起后沉没之人?这里,某人浮起「善哉,对诸善法的信;善哉,对诸善法的惭;善哉,对诸善法的愧;善哉,对诸善法的精进;善哉,对诸善法的慧」。他的那信既不住也不增长,只是衰退;他的那惭既不住也不增长,只是衰退;他的那愧既不住也不增长,只是衰退;他的那精进既不住也不增长,只是衰退;他的那慧既不住也不增长,只是衰退。如此是浮起后沉没之人。
Kathañca puggalo ummujjitvā ṭhito hoti? Idhekacco puggalo ummujjati ‘‘sāhu saddhā kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu hirī kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu ottappaṃ kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu vīriyaṃ kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu paññā kusalesu dhammesū’’ti. Tassa sā saddhā neva hāyati no vaḍḍhati ṭhitā hoti, tassa sā hirī neva hāyati no vaḍḍhati ṭhitā hoti, tassa taṃ ottappaṃ neva hāyati no vaḍḍhati ṭhitaṃ hoti, tassa taṃ vīriyaṃ neva hāyati no vaḍḍhati ṭhitaṃ hoti, tassa sā paññā neva hāyati no vaḍḍhati ṭhitā hoti. Evaṃ puggalo ummujjitvā ṭhito hoti.
如何是浮起后站立之人?这里,某人浮起「善哉,对诸善法的信;善哉,对诸善法的惭;善哉,对诸善法的愧;善哉,对诸善法的精进;善哉,对诸善法的慧」。他的那信既不衰退也不增长,是住立的;他的那惭既不衰退也不增长,是住立的;他的那愧既不衰退也不增长,是住立的;他的那精进既不衰退也不增长,是住立的;他的那慧既不衰退也不增长,是住立的。如此是浮起后站立之人。
Kathañca puggalo ummujjitvā vipassati viloketi? Idhekacco puggalo ummujjati ‘‘sāhu saddhā kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu hirī kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu ottappaṃ kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu vīriyaṃ kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu paññā kusalesu dhammesū’’ti. So tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpanno hoti avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyano. Evaṃ puggalo ummujjitvā vipassati viloketi.
如何是浮起后观察、观看之人?这里,某人浮起「善哉,对诸善法的信;善哉,对诸善法的惭;善哉,对诸善法的愧;善哉,对诸善法的精进;善哉,对诸善法的慧」。他以三结的灭尽,成为入流者,不堕恶趣法,决定趣向正觉。如此是浮起后观察、观看之人。
Kathañca puggalo ummujjitvā patarati? Idhekacco puggalo ummujjati ‘‘sāhu saddhā kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu hirī kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu ottappaṃ kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu vīriyaṃ kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu paññā kusalesu dhammesū’’ti. So tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmī hoti sakideva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantakaro hoti. Evaṃ puggalo ummujjitvā patarati.
如何是浮起后横渡之人?这里,某人浮起「善哉,对诸善法的信;善哉,对诸善法的惭;善哉,对诸善法的愧;善哉,对诸善法的精进;善哉,对诸善法的慧」。他以三结的灭尽,以贪嗔痴的减弱,成为一来者,只来此世间一次即作苦的终结者。如此是浮起后横渡之人。
Kathañca puggalo ummujjitvā patigādhappatto hoti? Idhekacco puggalo ummujjati ‘‘sāhu saddhā kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu hirī kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu ottappaṃ kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu vīriyaṃ kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu paññā kusalesu dhammesū’’ti. So pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Evaṃ puggalo ummujjitvā patigādhappatto hoti.
如何是浮起后到达浅处之人?这里,某人浮起「善哉,对诸善法的信;善哉,对诸善法的惭;善哉,对诸善法的愧;善哉,对诸善法的精进;善哉,对诸善法的慧」。他以五下分结的灭尽,成为化生者,在那里般涅槃,不从那世间再来。如此是浮起后到达浅处之人。
Kathañca puggalo ummujjitvā tiṇṇo hoti pāraṅgato thale tiṭṭhati brāhmaṇo? Idhekacco puggalo ummujjati ‘‘sāhu saddhā kusalesu dhammesu , sādhu hirī kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu ottappaṃ kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu vīriyaṃ kusalesu dhammesu, sādhu paññā kusalesu dhammesū’’ti. So āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Evaṃ puggalo ummujjitvā tiṇṇo hoti pāraṅgato thale tiṭṭhati brāhmaṇo.
如何是浮起后已渡、到彼岸、站在陆地的婆罗门?这里,某人浮起「善哉,对诸善法的信;善哉,对诸善法的惭;善哉,对诸善法的愧;善哉,对诸善法的精进;善哉,对诸善法的慧」。他以诸漏的灭尽,于现法自己以证智作证、具足无漏的心解脱、慧解脱后而住。如此是浮起后已渡、到彼岸、站在陆地的婆罗门。
§204
Katamo ca puggalo ubhatobhāgavimutto? Idhekacco puggalo aṭṭha vimokkhe kāyena phusitvā viharati paññāya cassa disvā āsavā parikkhīṇā honti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ubhatobhāgavimutto.
什么是两部分解脱之人?这里,某人以身触八解脱而住,以慧见,他的诸漏已灭尽。这称为两部分解脱之人。
§205
Katamo ca puggalo paññāvimutto…pe… kāyasakkhī… diṭṭhippatto… saddhāvimutto… dhammānusārī ….
什么是慧解脱者……(中略)……身证者……见至者……信解脱者……随法行者……
§206
Katamo ca puggalo saddhānusārī? Yassa puggalassa sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipannassa saddhindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti, saddhāvāhiṃ saddhāpubbaṅgamaṃ ariyamaggaṃ bhāveti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo saddhānusārī. Sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno puggalo saddhānusārī, phale ṭhito saddhāvimuttoti.
什么是随信行者?对于为现证入流果而行道的补特伽罗,其信根极强,修习以信为导、以信为先导的圣道。这称为随信行补特伽罗。为现证入流果而行道的补特伽罗是随信行者,住于果位者是信解脱者。
Sattakaniddeso. · 七法分别
8. Aṭṭhakapuggalapaññatti8. 八法人施设
§207
Tattha katame cattāro maggasamaṅgino, cattāro phalasamaṅgino puggalā? Sotāpanno, sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno; sakadāgāmī, sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno; anāgāmī, anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno; arahā, arahattaphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno; ime cattāro maggasamaṅgino, ime cattāro phalasamaṅgino puggalā.
于此,什么是四道具足者、四果具足者补特伽罗?入流者、为现证入流果而行道者;一来者、为现证一来果而行道者;不来者、为现证不来果而行道者;阿拉汉、为现证阿拉汉果而行道者;这些是四道具足者,这些是四果具足者补特伽罗。
Aṭṭhakaniddeso. · 八法分别
9. Navakapuggalapaññatti9. 九法人施设
§208
Katamo ca puggalo sammāsambuddho? Idhekacco puggalo pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhati, tattha ca sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇāti balesu ca vasībhāvaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo sammāsambuddho.
什么是正等正觉者补特伽罗?于此,某补特伽罗对于以前未曾听闻的诸法,自己现证诸谛,并于此获得一切知性及诸力的自在。这称为正等正觉者补特伽罗。
Katamo ca puggalo paccekasambuddho? Idhekacco puggalo pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu sāmaṃ saccāni abhisambujjhati, na ca tattha sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇāti na ca balesu vasībhāvaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo paccekasambuddho.
什么是辟支佛补特伽罗?于此,某补特伽罗对于以前未曾听闻的诸法,自己现证诸谛,但于此不获得一切知性,也不获得诸力的自在。这称为辟支佛补特伽罗。
Katamo ca puggalo ubhatobhāgavimutto? Idhekacco puggalo aṭṭha vimokkhe kāyena phusitvā viharati paññāya cassa disvā āsavā parikkhīṇā honti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo ubhatobhāgavimutto.
什么是俱分解脱者补特伽罗?于此,某补特伽罗以身触八解脱而住,以慧见故,其诸漏已尽。这称为俱分解脱者补特伽罗。
Katamo ca puggalo paññāvimutto? Idhekacco puggalo na heva kho aṭṭha vimokkhe kāyena phusitvā viharati paññāya cassa disvā āsavā parikkhīṇā honti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo paññāvimutto.
什么是慧解脱者补特伽罗?于此,某补特伽罗并非以身触八解脱而住,但以慧见故,其诸漏已尽。这称为慧解脱者补特伽罗。
Katamo ca puggalo kāyasakkhī? Idhekacco puggalo aṭṭha vimokkhe kāyena phusitvā viharati paññāya cassa disvā ekacce āsavā parikkhīṇā honti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo kāyasakkhī.
什么是身证者补特伽罗?于此,某补特伽罗以身触八解脱而住,以慧见故,其某些漏已尽。这称为身证者补特伽罗。
Katamo ca puggalo diṭṭhippatto? Idhekacco puggalo ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, tathāgatappaveditā cassa dhammā paññāya vodiṭṭhā honti vocaritā, paññāya cassa disvā ekacce āsavā parikkhīṇā honti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo diṭṭhippatto.
什么是得见者?这里,某人如实了知「这是苦」……(中略)……如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」,如来所宣说的诸法已被他以慧善见、善行,以慧见而他的某些漏已被灭尽。这称为得见者。
Katamo ca puggalo saddhāvimutto? Idhekacco puggalo ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, tathāgatappaveditā cassa dhammā paññāya vodiṭṭhā honti vocaritā, paññāya cassa disvā ekacce āsavā parikkhīṇā honti, no ca kho yathā diṭṭhippattassa. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo saddhāvimutto.
什么是信解脱者?这里,某人如实了知「这是苦」……(中略)……如实了知「这是导至苦灭之道」,如来所宣说的诸法已被他以慧善见、善行,以慧见而他的某些漏已被灭尽,但不如得见者。这称为信解脱者。
Katamo ca puggalo dhammānusārī? Yassa puggalassa sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipannassa paññindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti, paññāvāhiṃ paññāpubbaṅgamaṃ ariyamaggaṃ bhāveti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo dhammānusārī. Sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno puggalo dhammānusārī, phale ṭhito diṭṭhippatto.
什么是随法行者?对于为现证入流果而行道的补特伽罗,慧根是增上的,他修习以慧为导、以慧为前导的圣道。这称为随法行者。为现证入流果而行道的补特伽罗是随法行者,住于果者是得见者。
Katamo ca puggalo saddhānusārī? Yassa puggalassa sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipannassa saddhindriyaṃ adhimattaṃ hoti, saddhāvāhiṃ saddhāpubbaṅgamaṃ ariyamaggaṃ bhāveti. Ayaṃ vuccati puggalo saddhānusārī. Sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanno puggalo saddhānusārī, phale ṭhito saddhāvimuttoti.
什么是随信行者?对于为现证入流果而行道的补特伽罗,信根是增上的,他修习以信为导、以信为前导的圣道。这称为随信行者。为现证入流果而行道的补特伽罗是随信行者,住于果者是信解脱者。
Navakaniddeso. · 九法分别
10. Dasakapuggalapaññatti10. 十法人施设
§209
Katamesaṃ pañcannaṃ idha niṭṭhā? Sattakkhattuparamassa kolaṅkolassa ekabījissa sakadāgāmissa yo ca diṭṭheva dhamme arahā – imesaṃ pañcannaṃ idha niṭṭhā.
哪五种在此处终结?七次往返者、家家者、一种子者、一来者、以及于现法中成为阿拉汉者——这五种在此处终结。
Katamesaṃ pañcannaṃ idha vihāya niṭṭhā? Antarāparinibbāyissa upahaccaparinibbāyissa asaṅkhāraparinibbāyissa sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyissa uddhaṃsotassa akaniṭṭhagāmino – imesaṃ pañcannaṃ idha vihāya niṭṭhāti.
哪五种离此处而终结?中般涅槃者、生般涅槃者、无行般涅槃者、有行般涅槃者、上流至色究竟天者——这五种离此处而终结。
Ettāvatā puggalānaṃ puggalapaññattīti.
如此为诸补特伽罗的补特伽罗施设。
Dasakaniddeso. · 十法分别
Puggalapaññattipakaraṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ. · 人施设论完