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3. Brahmacariyakathā · 3. 梵行论义注

12 段 · CSCD 巴利原典
3. Brahmacariyakathā3. 梵行论
1. Suddhabrahmacariyakathāvaṇṇanā1. 纯净梵行论释
§269
269. Idāni brahmacariyakathā hoti. Tattha dve brahmacariyavāsā, maggabhāvanā ca pabbajjā ca. Pabbajjā sabbadevesu natthi. Maggabhāvanā ṭhapetvā asaññasatte sesesu appaṭisiddhā. Tattha ye paranimmitavasavattideve upādāya taduparidevesu maggabhāvanampi na icchanti seyyathāpi sammitiyā, te sandhāya natthi devesūti pucchā sakavādissa. ‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, ṭhānehi jambudīpakā manussā uttarakuruke ca manusse adhiggaṇhanti deve ca tāvatiṃse. Katamehi tīhi? Sūrā satimanto idha brahmacariyavāso’’ti (a. ni. 9.21) idaṃ suttaṃ nissāya dvepi brahmacariyavāsā natthi devesūti uppannaladdhivasena paṭiññā paravādissa. Puna dvinnampi brahmacariyānaṃ antarāyikadhammavaseneva sabbe devā jaḷāti pucchā sakavādissa. Tattha hatthasaṃvācikāti mūgā viya hatthamuddhāya vattāro. Parato atthi devesūti pucchā paravādissa, maggabhāvanaṃ sandhāya paṭiññā sakavādissa. Paṭiññāya adhippāyaṃ asallakkhetvā pabbajjāvasena anuyogo paravādissa.
269. 现在释迦牟尼的出世修行说起。其间有两种出世修行生活,一为修习道、二为出家。出家在所有天众中没有。专注于修道,但在余天中尚未成就其果。那里的众天若依止某种感官享乐,因此在彼等所依的享乐之外,对于修道也不心向往,如同对于正统教法没有依归一样,就问及众天说:『比库们,毗绮陀迦和北俱卢国的人类以三种状态获得天众三十五类。何为这三种呢?那时出家定念持心修行的人,则称为第一种』(见《阿含经·九·二十一》)。依据此经所示,认为众天中没有这两类出家修行者,因而对此异说提出反驳。且此两种出家生活皆为障碍,所有天众因嫉妒而问及正教弟子。所谓“象语”即愚痴者以手造假表象,手势以示意。其后若说有天众,则遭问责;若说无,则因修行苦集道灭者遭质疑。于是以修道为据,反驳眾天之异说。凭此反驳主张,不以出家为准,反以出家连结修行。
§270
270.Yattha natthi pabbajjāti pañhe gihīnañceva ekaccānañca devānaṃ maggapaṭilābhaṃ sandhāya paṭikkhepo tasseva. Puna puṭṭho paccantavāsino ceva asaññasatte ca sandhāya paṭiññā tasseva. Yo pabbajatītiādīsu pucchāsupi eseva nayo. Puna ‘‘atthi devesū’’ti pañhepi maggabhāvanaṃ sandhāyeva paṭiññā sakavādissa, ‘‘sabbadevesū’’ti vutte asaññasatte sandhāya paṭikkhepo tasseva.
270. 何谓无出家?即对于未出家者以及部分天众期望获得道果而放弃。复次,问及边国天人及余未证天人亦生疑问而反对。关于是否出家等问,亦据此原则加以说明。复次回答“有天众”关于修道皆有确证,但说“众天皆有”时,对临近天人则持否定态度。
§271
271.Manussesūti pañhadvaye jambudīpake sandhāya paṭiññā. Paccantavāsino sandhāya paṭikkhepo veditabbo.
271. 论人间时,以两问为准,根据毗绮陀迦法而证明此说。临近天人则以否定为准,须加以理解。
Atthi yattha atthīti atthi te devā, atthi vā so padeso, yattha atthīti evaṃ sattapadesavibhāgamukhena vissajjanaṃ sakavādissa. Iminā nayena sabbe ekantarikapañhā veditabbā.
“有”和“无”是指“有这些天众”或“有彼区域”;“何处有”则分为七个区域详细加以否定与肯定之分,这样的辩解中所有相关问题均可明确辨知。
§272
272. Suttānuyoge kuhiṃ phaluppattīti tassa anāgāmino arahattaphaluppatti kuhinti pucchā sakavādissa. Tatthevāti suddhāvāsesūti attho.
272. 论及依教略会之经文,何处有阿那含果证的得成?对此天人提出了疑问提出回答。此处的“净衣”喻指纯净之界。
Handa hīti kāraṇatthe nipāto. Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – yasmā anāgāmipuggalo idha loke bhāvitena maggena tattha suddhāvāsesu phalaṃ sacchikaroti, na tattha aññaṃ maggaṃ bhāveti, tasmā natthi devesu brahmacariyavāsoti.
“请听”为因果意辞。意思是说,阿那含果证者依已成之道,在此世得成净衣之果;不修他道,因此这里不存在所谓天众的出世修行。
2. Saṃsandanabrahmacariyavaṇṇanā2. 和合梵行释
§273
273. Idāni yadi aññattha bhāvitena maggena aññattha phalasacchikiriyā hoti, sotāpannādīnampi siyāti etamatthaṃ dassetuṃ puna anāgāmītiādīnaṃ saṃsandanapucchā sakavādissa. Tattha anāgāmissa phalasacchikiriyāya paṭiññā, sesānaṃ phalasacchikiriyāya paṭikkhepo paravādissa. Idha bhāvitamaggo hi anāgāmī idhavihāyaniṭṭho nāma hoti. So idha anāgāmimaggaṃ bhāvetvā ‘‘opapātiko tatthaparinibbāyī’’ti vacanato ‘‘puna maggabhāvanaṃ vinā upapattivaseneva arahattaphalaṃ sacchikarotī’’ti tassa laddhi. Sotāpannasakadāgāmino pana tattha maggaṃ bhāvetvā tatrupapattikā nāma hontīti tesaṃ idhāgamanaññeva natthi. Iti so anāgāmissa phalasacchikiriyaṃ puṭṭho paṭijānāti. Itaresaṃ paṭikkhipati.
现今若依他法修习的道得到他法的果报实现,那么连初果断行等亦可出现。为显现此义,复次对无余戒者等诸问讼者,于此如法自执。其处无余戒者果报实现之答复,是否定未证果之人果报实现。修习此道者即是彼处世终止无余戒者之道。彼修习无余戒道,谓之“生起后的灭尽者”。此说表明,若不复修道,必不成就阿拉汉果。断行初果断行者虽修此道,未得生起因,故无此成就。故此时诸人问释无余戒者果报实现,斯释方才证知。其他诸人则否定之。
Anāgāmī puggalo tattha bhāvitena maggenāti pañhe ‘‘anāgāmino tattha maggabhāvanāva natthī’’ti laddhiyā paṭikkhipati. Maggo ca bhāvīyati, na ca kilesā pahīyantīti pucchā sakavādissa , rūpāvacaramaggaṃ sandhāya paṭiññā itarassa. Rūpāvacaramaggena hi so idhavihāyaniṭṭho nāma jāto.
有问无余戒者何故修此道时,生疑谓“无余戒者无此道修习”。其道本成,烦恼未除。对此问诉,为答法之简明,而与他人之答不同。依色界之道修习,乃生诸处终止之名。
Anāgāmī puggalo katakaraṇīyoti pañhe ‘‘opapātiko tatthaparinibbāyī’’ti vacanato upapattiyāvassa katakaraṇīyādibhāvaṃ sandhāya paṭijānāti. Arahāti pañhe idhaparinibbāyino arahato vaseneva paṭikkhipati. Puna puṭṭho tatthaparinibbāyino vasena paṭijānāti.
问无余戒者如何时,答曰“生起、灭除者此间现起”。由此生起、灭除之因证察,方知云何。复问阿拉汉,即此处涅槃者,否定如是言辞。然复问,则知此间涅槃实证。
Atthi arahato punabbhavotiādīsupi tatthaparinibbāyī idhaparinibbāyīnaṃ vaseneva attho veditabbo. Appaṭividdhākuppova tatthaparinibbāyatīti puṭṭho idheva bhāvitena maggena tassa akuppapaṭivedhaṃ icchanto paṭikkhipati.
问阿拉汉复生否等,涅槃及不复生意等,理应依此间涅槃判定。若非被破坏之病者,便是此间涅槃。对此由修道知见增上,故意否定。
Yathā migoti paṭhamaṃ udāharaṇaṃ paravādissa, dutiyaṃ sakavādissa. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānatthamevāti.
如比喻之鹿者,初为答法所举,复为对他人说法时举,余者普遍一切处皆同理。
Brahmacariyakathā niṭṭhitā. · 梵行论已毕。
3. Odhisokathāvaṇṇanā3. 界限论释
§274
274. Idāni odhisokathā nāma hoti. Tattha ye sotāpannādīnaṃ nānābhisamayavasena dukkhadassanādīhi odhiso odhiso ekadesena ekadesena kilesappahānaṃ icchanti seyyathāpi etarahi sammitiyādayo, tesaṃ taṃ laddhiṃ bhindituṃ odhisoti pucchā sakavādissa, paṭiññā paravādissa. Puna anuyogo sakavādissa, ekadesena sotāpannādibhāvassa abhāvato paṭikkhepo paravādissa. Iminā upāyena sabbavāresu attho veditabboti.
现在谓之恶忧思。此中,诸初果断行等人,因各种分别之见,以痛苦见等而立求除烦恼者,如今愚痴妄见等亦复如是。于此答法问讼者断其疑见,答语谓否,复次诠明。因无初果断行等状态,否定之。由此方式,诸处诸时理应认知其义。
Odhisokathāvaṇṇanā. · 界限论释。