SN 16 · 5. 迦叶相应
15. 迦叶相应
5. Kassapasaṃyuttaṃ
21. 知足经
1. Santuṭṭhasuttaṃ
144在舍卫城……（中略）“比丘们，迦叶满足于任何样的衣服，并称赞对任何样衣服的知足；他不会因为衣服而去做不正当、不适当的营求；没有得到衣服时，不会忧虑；得到衣服后，不贪恋、不迷恋、不陷入，观察其过患，以出离的智慧去受用。”
Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati…pe… ‘‘santuṭṭhāyaṃ , bhikkhave, kassapo itarītarena cīvarena, itarītaracīvarasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī; na ca cīvarahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati; aladdhā ca cīvaraṃ na paritassati; laddhā ca cīvaraṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhāpanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati’’.
4“比丘们，迦叶满足于任何样的食物，并称赞对任何样食物的知足；他不会因为食物而去做不正当、不适当的营求；没有得到食物时，不会忧虑；得到食物后，不贪恋、不迷恋、不陷入，观察其过患，以出离的智慧去受用。”
‘‘Santuṭṭhāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kassapo itarītarena piṇḍapātena, itarītarapiṇḍapātasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī; na ca piṇḍapātahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati; aladdhā ca piṇḍapātaṃ na paritassati; laddhā ca piṇḍapātaṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhāpanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati.
5“比丘们，迦叶满足于任何样的住处，并称赞对任何样住处的知足；他不会因为住处而去做不正当、不适当的营求；没有得到住处时，不会忧虑；得到住处后，不贪恋、不迷恋、不陷入，观察其过患，以出离的智慧去受用。”
‘‘Santuṭṭhāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kassapo itarītarena senāsanena, itarītarasenāsanasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī; na ca senāsanahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati; aladdhā ca senāsanaṃ na paritassati; laddhā ca senāsanaṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhāpanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati.
6“比丘们，迦叶满足于任何样的医药资具，并称赞对任何样医药资具的知足；他不会因为医药资具而去做不正当、不适当的营求；没有得到医药资具时，不会忧虑；得到医药资具后，不贪恋、不迷恋、不陷入，观察其过患，以出离的智慧去受用。”
‘‘Santuṭṭhāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kassapo itarītarena gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena, itarītaragilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī; na ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjati; aladdhā ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ na paritassati; laddhā ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ agadhito amucchito anajjhāpanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati.
7“因此，比丘们，你们应当这样学：‘我们将满足于任何样的衣服，并称赞对任何样衣服的知足；我们将不会因为衣服而去做不正当、不适当的营求；没有得到衣服时，不会忧虑；得到衣服后，不贪恋、不迷恋、不陷入，观察其过患，以出离的智慧去受用。’（对于住处、食物、医药资具也是如此。）”
‘‘Tasmātiha , bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘santuṭṭhā bhavissāma itarītarena cīvarena, itarītaracīvarasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādino; na ca cīvarahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjissāma; aladdhā ca cīvaraṃ na ca paritassissāma; laddhā ca cīvaraṃ agadhitā amucchitā anajjhāpannā ādīnavadassāvino nissaraṇapaññā paribhuñjissāma’’’. (Evaṃ sabbaṃ kātabbaṃ).
8“‘我们将满足于任何样的食物……我们将满足于任何样的住处……我们将满足于任何样的医药资具，并称赞对任何样医药资具的知足；我们将不会因为医药资具而去做不正当、不适当的营求；没有得到医药资具时，不会忧虑；得到医药资具后，不贪恋、不迷恋、不陷入，观察其过患，以出离的智慧去受用。’比丘们，你们应当这样学。比丘们，我以迦叶教诫你们，或以像迦叶那样的人；你们被教诫后，应当为了这个真实的利益而修行。”
‘‘‘Santuṭṭhā bhavissāma itarītarena piṇḍapātena…pe… santuṭṭhā bhavissāma itarītarena senāsanena…pe… santuṭṭhā bhavissāma itarītarena gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārena, itarītaragilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārasantuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādino; na ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārahetu anesanaṃ appatirūpaṃ āpajjissāma aladdhā ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ na paritassissāma; laddhā ca gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ agadhitā amucchitā anajjhāpannā ādīnavadassāvino nissaraṇapaññā paribhuñjissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṃ. Kassapena vā hi vo, bhikkhave, ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabba’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ.
92. 无惭愧经
2. Anottappīsuttaṃ
145如是我闻：有一次，大迦叶尊者和舍利弗尊者住在波罗奈的仙人落处鹿野苑。那时，舍利弗尊者在傍晚从独处禅修中起来，去到大迦叶尊者那里。到了之后，他和大迦叶尊者互相问候。谈了一些亲切、让人记住的话之后，他坐到一边。坐定后，舍利弗尊者对大迦叶尊者这样说：“迦叶贤友，人们这么说：'不热诚、没有惭的人，没有能力证得觉悟，没有能力证得涅槃，没有能力达到无上的离轭安稳；而热诚、有惭的人，才有能力证得觉悟，有能力证得涅槃，有能力达到无上的离轭安稳。'”
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ca mahākassapo āyasmā ca sāriputto bārāṇasiyaṃ viharanti isipatane migadāye. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā mahākassapena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘vuccati hidaṃ, āvuso kassapa, anātāpī anottappī abhabbo sambodhāya abhabbo nibbānāya abhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya; ātāpī ca kho ottappī bhabbo sambodhāya bhabbo nibbānāya bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāyā’’ti.
11“贤友，怎样才算是不热诚、没有惭，没有能力证得觉悟，没有能力证得涅槃，没有能力达到无上的离轭安稳呢？而热诚、有惭，有能力证得觉悟，有能力证得涅槃，有能力达到无上的离轭安稳，又是怎样的呢？”“贤友，这里有个比丘，他对于'我未生起的恶、不善法，如果生起会带来不利'这件事，不激发热诚；对于'我已生起的恶、不善法，如果不加以断除会带来不利'这件事，不激发热诚；对于'我未生起的善法，如果不生起会带来不利'这件事，不激发热诚；对于'我已生起的善法，如果消灭了会带来不利'这件事，不激发热诚。贤友，这样就是不热诚。”
‘‘Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, anātāpī hoti anottappī abhabbo sambodhāya abhabbo nibbānāya abhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya; kittāvatā ca panāvuso, ātāpī hoti ottappī bhabbo sambodhāya bhabbo nibbānāya bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāyā’’ti? ‘‘Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘anuppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ātappaṃ karoti, ‘uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ātappaṃ karoti, ‘anuppannā me kusalā dhammānuppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ātappaṃ karoti, ‘uppannā me kusalā dhammā nirujjhamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ātappaṃ karoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, anātāpī hoti’’.
12“贤友，那怎样是没有惭呢？贤友，这里有个比丘，他对于'我未生起的恶、不善法，如果生起会带来不利'这件事，不起惭心；对于'我已生起的恶、不善法，如果不加以断除会带来不利'这件事，不起惭心；对于'我未生起的善法，如果不生起会带来不利'这件事，不起惭心；对于'我已生起的善法，如果消灭了会带来不利'这件事，不起惭心。贤友，这样就是没有惭。贤友，正因为这样，不热诚、没有惭的人，没有能力证得觉悟，没有能力证得涅槃，没有能力达到无上的离轭安稳。”
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, anottappī hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘anuppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ottappati, ‘uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ottappati, ‘anuppannā me kusalā dhammānuppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ottappati, ‘uppannā me kusalā dhammā nirujjhamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti na ottappati. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, anottappī hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, anātāpī anottappī abhabbo sambodhāya abhabbo nibbānāya abhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya.
13“贤友，那怎样是热诚呢？贤友，这里有个比丘，他对于'我未生起的恶、不善法，如果生起会带来不利'这件事，激发热诚；对于'我已生起的恶、不善法，如果不加以断除会带来不利'这件事，激发热诚；对于'我未生起的善法……（中略）……激发热诚。贤友，这样就是热诚。”
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, ātāpī hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘anuppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ātappaṃ karoti, ‘uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ātappaṃ karoti, anuppannā me kusalā dhammā…pe… ātappaṃ karoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, ātāpī hoti.
14“贤友，那怎样是有惭呢？贤友，这里有个比丘，他对于'我未生起的恶、不善法，如果生起会带来不利'这件事，起惭心；对于'我已生起的恶、不善法，如果不加以断除会带来不利'这件事，起惭心；对于'我未生起的善法，如果不生起会带来不利'这件事，起惭心；对于'我已生起的善法，如果消灭了会带来不利'这件事，起惭心。贤友，这样就是有惭。贤友，正因为这样，热诚、有惭的人，有能力证得觉悟，有能力证得涅槃，有能力达到无上的离轭安稳。” 第二经。
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, ottappī hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu ‘anuppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā uppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ottappati, ‘uppannā me pāpakā akusalā dhammā appahīyamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ottappati, ‘anuppannā me kusalā dhammā anuppajjamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ottappati, ‘uppannā me kusalā dhammā nirujjhamānā anatthāya saṃvatteyyu’nti ottappati. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, ottappī hoti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, ātāpī ottappī bhabbo sambodhāya bhabbo nibbānāya bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāyā’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
153. 月喻经
3. Candūpamasuttaṃ
146在舍卫城……（经文这样开头）……“比丘们，你们要像月亮一样去接近在家人家庭——要退缩身体，退缩内心，在在家人中总是像新来的一样，不傲慢。比丘们，就像一个去看老旧水井、去看陡峭山崖、去看险恶河滩的人，他会退缩身体，退缩内心；同样的，比丘们，你们要像月亮一样去接近在家人家庭——要退缩身体，退缩内心，在在家人中总是像新来的一样，不傲慢。”
Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati…pe… ‘‘candūpamā, bhikkhave, kulāni upasaṅkamatha – apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ, niccanavakā kulesu appagabbhā . Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, puriso jarudapānaṃ vā olokeyya pabbatavisamaṃ vā nadīviduggaṃ vā – apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ; evameva kho, bhikkhave, candūpamā kulāni upasaṅkamatha – apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ, niccanavakā kulesu appagabbhā’’.
17“比丘们，迦叶就像月亮一样去俗家人那里——保持身体的距离，保持心的距离，在俗家人面前永远像新人一样不唐突。比丘们，你们怎么想？什么样的比丘适合去俗家人那里呢？”
“尊者，我们的法以世尊为根本，以世尊为引导，以世尊为依归。尊者，最好还是让世尊来说明这句话的含义。听了世尊的开示后，比丘们就会记住。”
‘‘Kassapo, bhikkhave, candūpamo kulāni upasaṅkamati – apakasseva kāyaṃ, apakassa cittaṃ, niccanavako kulesu appagabbho. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, kathaṃrūpo bhikkhu arahati kulāni upasaṅkamitu’’nti? ‘‘Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā bhagavaṃnettikā bhagavaṃpaṭisaraṇā. Sādhu vata, bhante, bhagavantaṃyeva paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho. Bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī’’ti.
18那时，世尊在空中摇了摇手掌。“比丘们，就像这只在空中的手掌，不粘着，不被抓住，不被束缚；同样的，比丘们，任何比丘去俗家人那里时，如果在俗家人当中，他的心也不粘着，不被抓住，不被束缚——心想：‘愿希求利养的人得到利养，愿希求福德的人造作福德。’就像对自己所得到的利养感到欢喜、满意一样，对别人所得到的利养也同样感到欢喜、满意。比丘们，这样的比丘才适合去俗家人那里。”
Atha kho bhagavā ākāse pāṇiṃ cālesi. ‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ayaṃ ākāse pāṇi na sajjati na gayhati na bajjhati; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci bhikkhuno kulāni upasaṅkamato kulesu cittaṃ na sajjati na gayhati na bajjhati – ‘labhantu lābhakāmā, puññakāmā karontu puññānī’ti; yathāsakena lābhena attamano hoti sumano, evaṃ paresaṃ lābhena attamano hoti sumano; evarūpo kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu arahati kulāni upasaṅkamituṃ.
19“比丘们，当迦叶去俗家人那里时，在俗家人当中，他的心不粘着，不被抓住，不被束缚——心想：‘愿希求利养的人得到利养，愿希求福德的人造作福德。’就像对自己所得到的利养感到欢喜、满意一样，对别人所得到的利养也同样感到欢喜、满意。”
‘‘Kassapassa, bhikkhave, kulāni upasaṅkamato kulesu cittaṃ na sajjati na gayhati na bajjhati – ‘labhantu lābhakāmā, puññakāmā karontu puññānī’ti; yathāsakena lābhena attamano hoti sumano; evaṃ paresaṃ lābhena attamano hoti sumano.
20“比丘们，你们怎么想？什么样比丘的说法是不清净的，什么样比丘的说法是清净的？”
“尊者，我们的法以世尊为根本，以世尊为引导，以世尊为依归。尊者，最好还是让世尊来说明这句话的含义。听了世尊的开示后，比丘们就会记住。”
“那么，比丘们，仔细听，好好注意，我要说了。”
“是的，尊者。”那些比丘回答世尊。
世尊这样说：
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, kathaṃrūpassa bhikkhuno aparisuddhā dhammadesanā hoti, kathaṃrūpassa bhikkhuno parisuddhā dhammadesanā hotī’’ti? ‘‘Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā bhagavaṃnettikā bhagavaṃpaṭisaraṇā. Sādhu vata, bhante, bhagavantaṃyeva paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho . Bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
21“比丘们，如果有任何比丘以这样的心态对别人说法：‘啊，但愿他们来听我讲法，听了法之后对我生起信心，生了信心之后对我作出信心的表示。’比丘们，这样比丘的说法是不清净的。”
‘‘Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃcitto paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti – ‘aho vata me dhammaṃ suṇeyyuṃ, sutvā ca pana dhammaṃ pasīdeyyuṃ, pasannā ca me pasannākāraṃ kareyyu’nti; evarūpassa kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno aparisuddhā dhammadesanā hoti.
22“比丘们，如果有比丘以这样的心态对别人说法：‘法是世尊善说的、现见的、不待时的、来见的、导向的、智者各自证知的。啊，但愿他们来听我讲法，听了法之后能了知法，了知之后能照着去修行。’这样，他是基于法的殊胜而对别人说法，是基于悲悯、基于同情、基于慈愍而对别人说法。比丘们，这样比丘的说法是清净的。”
‘‘Yo ca kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃcitto paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti – ‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhīti . Aho, vata me dhammaṃ suṇeyyuṃ, sutvā ca pana dhammaṃ ājāneyyuṃ, ājānitvā ca pana tathattāya paṭipajjeyyu’nti. Iti dhammasudhammataṃ paṭicca paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti, kāruññaṃ paṭicca anuddayaṃ paṭicca anukampaṃ upādāya paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti. Evarūpassa kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno parisuddhā dhammadesanā hoti.
23“比丘们，迦叶就是以这样的心为别人说法:‘法是世尊善说的、现见的、无时的、来见的、引导向前的、智者各自证知的。啊，但愿他们能听闻我的法，听闻之后又能了知法，了知之后又能为了那样的状态而修行。’像这样，他出于法是真正之法的缘故而为别人说法，出于悲悯、出于同情、出于怜愍而为别人说法。比丘们，我将用迦叶来教导你们，或者用像迦叶那样的人来教导你们，而你们在被教导之后，应当为了那样的状态而修行。” 第三经。
‘‘Kassapo, bhikkhave, evaṃcitto paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti – ‘svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhīti. Aho, vata me dhammaṃ suṇeyyuṃ, sutvā ca pana dhammaṃ ājāneyyuṃ, ājānitvā ca pana tathattāya paṭipajjeyyu’nti. Iti dhammasudhammataṃ paṭicca paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti, kāruññaṃ paṭicca anuddayaṃ paṭicca anukampaṃ upādāya paresaṃ dhammaṃ deseti. Kassapena vā hi vo, bhikkhave, ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso, ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabba’’nti. Tatiyaṃ.
244. 家近住经
4. Kulūpakasuttaṃ
147住在舍卫城……“比丘们，你们怎么想呢？什么样的比丘配做拜访俗家的人，什么样的比丘不配做拜访俗家的人呢？” “尊者，我们的法以世尊为根……” 世尊这样说：
Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati…pe… ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, kathaṃrūpo bhikkhu arahati kulūpako hotuṃ, kathaṃrūpo bhikkhu na arahati kulūpako hotu’’nti? Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā…pe… bhagavā etadavoca –
26“比丘们，如果有任何比丘，以这样的心拜访诸俗家：‘但愿他们确实给我，不要不给我；但愿他们确实多给我，不要少给；但愿他们确实给我好的，不要给粗劣的；但愿他们确实快点给我，不要慢吞吞；但愿他们确实恭敬地给我，不要不恭敬。’比丘们，如果那位比丘以这样的心去拜访诸俗家，而他们不给，那比丘就会因此恼火；他就会以此为因缘，感受到痛苦和忧恼。如果给的少，不是多……给的粗劣，不是好……给的慢，不是快，那比丘就会因此恼火；他就会以此为因缘，感受到痛苦和忧恼。如果不恭敬地给，不是恭敬地给，那比丘就会因此恼火；他就会以此为因缘，感受到痛苦和忧恼。比丘们，这样的比丘不配做拜访俗家的人。
‘‘Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃcitto kulāni upasaṅkamati – ‘dentuyeva me, mā nādaṃsu; bahukaññeva me dentu, mā thokaṃ; paṇītaññeva me dentu, mā lūkhaṃ; sīghaññeva me dentu, mā dandhaṃ; sakkaccaññeva me dentu, mā asakkacca’nti. Tassa ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno evaṃcittassa kulāni upasaṅkamato na denti, tena bhikkhu sandīyati; so tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Thokaṃ denti, no bahukaṃ…pe… lūkhaṃ denti, no paṇītaṃ… dandhaṃ denti, no sīghaṃ, tena bhikkhu sandīyati; so tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Asakkaccaṃ denti, no sakkaccaṃ; tena bhikkhu sandīyati; so tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Evarūpo kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na arahati kūlūpako hotuṃ.
27“然而，比丘们，如果有比丘以这样的心拜访诸俗家：‘在别人家里，我怎么能这样想呢——但愿他们确实给我，不要不给我；但愿他们确实多给我，不要少给；但愿他们确实给我好的，不要给粗劣的；但愿他们确实快点给我，不要慢吞吞；但愿他们确实恭敬地给我，不要不恭敬。’比丘们，如果那位比丘以这样的心去拜访诸俗家，而他们不给，那比丘不会因此恼火；他不会以此为因缘，感受到痛苦和忧恼。给的少，不是多……给的粗劣，不是好……给的慢，不是快……不恭敬地给，不是恭敬地给；那比丘不会因此恼火；他不会以此为因缘，感受到痛苦和忧恼。比丘们，这样的比丘配做拜访俗家的人。
‘‘Yo ca kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃcitto kulāni upasaṅkamati – ‘taṃ kutettha labbhā parakulesu – dentuyeva me, mā nādaṃsu; bahukaññeva me dentu, mā thokaṃ; paṇītaññeva me dentu, mā lūkhaṃ; dīghaññeva me dentu, mā dandhaṃ; sakkaccaññeva me dentu, mā asakkacca’nti. Tassa ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno evaṃcittassa kulāni upasaṅkamato na denti; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Thokaṃ denti, no bahukaṃ; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Lūkhaṃ denti, no paṇītaṃ; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Dandhaṃ denti, no sīghaṃ; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Asakkaccaṃ denti, no sakkaccaṃ; tena bhikkhu na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Evarūpo kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu arahati kulūpako hotuṃ.
28“比丘们，迦叶就是以这样的心拜访诸俗家：‘在别人家里，我怎么能这样想呢——但愿他们确实给我，不要不给我；但愿他们确实多给我，不要少给；但愿他们确实给我好的，不要给粗劣的；但愿他们确实快点给我，不要慢吞吞；但愿他们确实恭敬地给我，不要不恭敬。’比丘们，如果迦叶以这样的心去拜访诸俗家，而他们不给，迦叶不会因此恼火；他不会以此为因缘，感受到痛苦和忧恼。给的少，不是多……给的粗劣，不是好……给的慢，不是快……不恭敬地给，不是恭敬地给；迦叶不会因此恼火；他不会以此为因缘，感受到痛苦和忧恼。比丘们，我将用迦叶来教导你们，或者用像迦叶那样的人来教导你们。而你们在被教导之后，应当为了那样的状态而修行。” 第四经。
‘‘Kassapo, bhikkhave, evaṃcitto kulāni upasaṅkamati – ‘taṃ kutettha labbhā parakulesu – dentuyeva me, mā nādaṃsu; bahukaññeva me dentu, mā thokaṃ; paṇītaññeva me dentu, mā lūkhaṃ; sīghaññeva me dentu, mā dandhaṃ; sakkaccaññeva me dentu, mā asakkacca’nti. Tassa ce, bhikkhave, kassapassa evaṃcittassa kulāni upasaṅkamato na denti; tena kassapo na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Thokaṃ denti, no bahukaṃ; tena kassapo na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Lūkhaṃ denti , no paṇītaṃ; tena kassapo na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Dandhaṃ denti, no sīghaṃ; tena kassapo na sandīyati; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Asakkaccaṃ denti, no sakkaccaṃ; tena kassapo na sandīyati ; so na tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Kassapena vā hi vo, bhikkhave, ovadissāmi yo vā panassa kassapasadiso. Ovaditehi ca pana vo tathattāya paṭipajjitabba’’nti. Catutthaṃ.
295. 老经
5. Jiṇṇasuttaṃ
148如是我闻……在王舍城竹林精舍。那时，大迦叶尊者来到世尊那里；到了之后，礼敬世尊，坐在一边。大迦叶尊者坐在一边后，世尊对他说：“迦叶，你现在老了，你这些麻布粪扫衣又重又破，成了你的累赘。所以，迦叶，从现在起，你就穿居士施的衣吧，接受邀请用餐吧，住在我附近吧。”
Evaṃ me sutaṃ…pe… rājagahe veḷuvane. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘jiṇṇosi dāni tvaṃ, kassapa, garukāni ca te imāni sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanāni. Tasmātiha tvaṃ, kassapa, gahapatāni ceva cīvarāni dhārehi, nimantanāni ca bhuñjāhi, mama ca santike viharāhī’’ti.
31“尊者，我长久以来是住林野者，也是赞叹住林野的人；是托钵乞食者，也是赞叹托钵乞食的人；是穿粪扫衣者，也是赞叹穿粪扫衣的人；是仅持三衣者，也是赞叹仅持三衣的人；是少欲者，也是赞叹少欲的人；是知足者，也是赞叹知足的人；是远离独住者，也是赞叹远离独住的人；是不交际者，也是赞叹不交际的人；是精进努力者，也是赞叹精进努力的人。”
‘‘Ahaṃ kho, bhante, dīgharattaṃ āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva piṇḍapātikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, paṃsukūliko ceva paṃsukūlikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, tecīvariko ceva tecīvarikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, appiccho ceva appicchatāya ca vaṇṇavādī, santuṭṭho ceva santuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī, pavivitto ceva pavivekassa ca vaṇṇavādī, asaṃsaṭṭho ceva asaṃsaggassa ca vaṇṇavādī, āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī’’ti.
32“迦叶，你到底看到了什么利益，才长久以来既是住林野者，又赞叹住林野；既是托钵乞食者……既是穿粪扫衣者……既是仅持三衣者……既是少欲者……既是知足者……既是远离独住者……既不交际者……既是精进努力者，又赞叹精进努力呢？”
‘‘Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, kassapa, atthavasaṃ sampassamāno dīgharattaṃ āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva…pe… paṃsukūliko ceva… tecīvariko ceva… appiccho ceva… santuṭṭho ceva… pavivitto ceva… asaṃsaṭṭho ceva… āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī’’ti?
33“尊者，我看到了两种利益，所以长久以来既是住林野者，又赞叹住林野；既是托钵乞食者……既是穿粪扫衣者……既是仅持三衣者……既是少欲者……既是知足者……既是远离独住者……既不交际者……既是精进努力者，又赞叹精进努力。我看见了自己当下这一生的安乐住，也怜悯着后来的人，心想：‘或许后来的人能追随我们的榜样而行吧。’他们会想：‘听说那些过去曾经存在、紧随佛陀的大弟子们，他们长久以来既是住林野者，又赞叹住林野……既是托钵乞食者……既是穿粪扫衣者……既是仅持三衣者……既是少欲者……既是知足者……既是远离独住者……既不交际者……既是精进努力者，又赞叹精进努力。’如此，他们就会照着那样去修行，这对于他们将会有长久的利益与安乐。”
‘‘Dve khvāhaṃ, bhante, atthavase sampassamāno dīgharattaṃ āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva…pe… paṃsukūliko ceva… tecīvariko ceva… appiccho ceva… santuṭṭho ceva… pavivitto ceva… asaṃsaṭṭho ceva… āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī. Attano ca diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāraṃ sampassamāno, pacchimañca janataṃ anukampamāno – ‘appeva nāma pacchimā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjeyyuṃ’ . ‘Ye kira te ahesuṃ buddhānubuddhasāvakā te dīgharattaṃ āraññikā ceva ahesuṃ āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino…pe… piṇḍapātikā ceva ahesuṃ …pe… paṃsukūlikā ceva ahesuṃ… tecīvarikā ceva ahesuṃ… appicchā ceva ahesuṃ… santuṭṭhā ceva ahesuṃ… pavivittā ceva ahesuṃ… asaṃsaṭṭhā ceva ahesuṃ… āraddhavīriyā ceva ahesuṃ vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādino’ti. Te tathattāya paṭipajjissanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya.
34“尊者，正是看到了这两种利益，我长久以来既是住林野者，又赞叹住林野；既是托钵乞食者……既是穿粪扫衣者……既是仅持三衣者……既是少欲者……既是知足者……既是远离独住者……既不交际者……既是精进努力者，又赞叹精进努力。”
‘‘Ime khvāhaṃ, bhante, dve atthavase sampassamāno dīgharattaṃ āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva…pe… paṃsukūliko ceva… tecīvariko ceva… appiccho ceva… santuṭṭho ceva… pavivitto ceva… asaṃsaṭṭho ceva… āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī’’ti.
35“很好，很好，迦叶。你确实是为了许多人的利益、许多人的安乐、出于对世间的悲悯、为了人天的利益、益处与安乐而行道。既然如此，迦叶，你就继续穿着粗麻粪扫衣，继续托钵乞食，继续住在森林里吧。”第五经。
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, kassapa. Bahujanahitāya kira tvaṃ, kassapa, paṭipanno bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Tasmātiha tvaṃ, kassapa, sāṇāni ceva paṃsukūlāni dhārehi nibbasanāni, piṇḍāya ca carāhi, araññe ca viharāhī’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
366. 教诫经
6. Ovādasuttaṃ
149在王舍城的竹林精舍。那时，大迦叶尊者来到世尊那里，到了之后，向世尊礼敬行礼，然后坐在一边。世尊对坐在一边的大迦叶尊者这样说：“迦叶，你去教诫比丘们吧；迦叶，你去为比丘们作佛法开示吧。迦叶，教诫比丘这件事，要么我来做，要么你来做；为比丘们作佛法开示这件事，要么我来做，要么你来做。”
Rājagahe veḷuvane. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘ovada, kassapa, bhikkhū; karohi, kassapa, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ. Ahaṃ vā, kassapa , bhikkhū ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā; ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti.
38尊者，现在的比丘们真难教导啊。他们身上有那种让人不听劝的品质：不能忍耐，听不进教诲，根本不把教导当回事。尊者，不管是谁，只要对善法没有信心，对善法没有惭心，对善法没有愧心，对善法没有精进，对善法没有智慧——这样的人，不管过了一天还是过了一夜，在善法上只会退步，不会进步。
‘‘Dubbacā kho, bhante, etarahi bhikkhū, dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā akkhamā appadakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsaniṃ. Yassa kassaci, bhante, saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī natthi kusalesu dhammesu, ottappaṃ natthi kusalesu dhammesu, vīriyaṃ natthi kusalesu dhammesu, paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati , hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi.
39于是，世尊对某一位比丘说：“来吧，比丘，你以我的名义，去把阿难的共住弟子班达比丘，以及阿那律的共住弟子阿比基咖比丘叫来，就说：‘大师召见两位具寿。’” “好的，尊者。”那位比丘回应了世尊后，就朝着那些比丘所在的地方走去。到了之后，他对那些比丘说：“大师召见两位具寿。”
Atha kho bhagavā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, mama vacanena bhaṇḍañca bhikkhuṃ ānandassa saddhivihāriṃ abhijikañca bhikkhuṃ anuruddhassa saddhivihāriṃ āmantehi – ‘satthā āyasmante āmantetī’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato paṭissutvā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘satthā āyasmante āmantetī’’ti.
40“好的，贤友。”那些比丘回应了那位比丘后，就朝着世尊所在的地方走去。到了之后，他们礼敬世尊，然后坐在一旁。等那些比丘坐定后，世尊对他们说：“比丘们，听说你们真的在互相以学识来比拼、叫板：‘来吧，比丘，看谁讲得更多，看谁讲得更漂亮，看谁讲得更久！’是吗？” “是的，尊者。” “比丘们，你们难道从我这样宣讲的教法中，领悟到的意思是：‘来，比丘们，你们互相以学识比拼吧——来吧，比丘，看谁讲得更多，看谁讲得更漂亮，看谁讲得更久’吗？” “绝不是这样，尊者。” “比丘们，既然你们没有从我宣讲的教法中领悟到这样的意思，那么，你们这些愚痴人，到底是什么知见，竟让你们在如此完善宣说的法和律中出家之后，互相以学识来比拼、叫板：‘来吧，比丘，看谁讲得更多，看谁讲得更漂亮，看谁讲得更久’呢？”
‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū tassa bhikkhuno paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho te bhikkhū bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadatha – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Kiṃ nu kho me tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānātha – ‘etha tumhe, bhikkhave, aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadatha – ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘No ce kira me tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānātha, atha kiṃ carahi tumhe, moghapurisā, kiṃ jānantā kiṃ passantā evaṃ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajitā samānā aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadatha – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’’’ti.
41这时，那些比丘将头伏在世尊的脚上，对世尊说：“尊者，我们错了，过失战胜了我们，我们就像愚者、像迷途者、像不善巧者一样。我们在这样完善宣说的法和律中出家之后，竟然互相以学识来比拼、叫板：‘来吧，比丘，看谁讲得更多，看谁讲得更漂亮，看谁讲得更久。’ 尊者，为了我们未来能自我节制，请世尊接受我们的过失是过失，原谅我们吧。”
Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘accayo no, bhante, accagamā, yathābāle yathāmūḷhe yathāakusale , ye mayaṃ evaṃ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajitā samānā aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadimha – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati , ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’ti. Tesaṃ no, bhante, bhagavā accayaṃ accayato paṭiggaṇhātu āyatiṃ saṃvarāyā’’ti.
42“比丘们，你们确实错了，过失战胜了你们。你们就像愚者、像迷途者、像不善巧者一样，在如此完善宣说的法和律中出家之后，竟互相以学识来比拼、叫板：‘来吧，比丘，看谁讲得更多，看谁讲得更漂亮，看谁讲得更久。’ 然而，比丘们，既然你们看到了过失就是过失，并且依法改正，我们便接受你们的悔过。比丘们，在圣者的律法中，一个人能见到过失是过失，依法改正，并在未来达到自我节制，这本身就是一种进步。”第六经。
‘‘Taggha tumhe, bhikkhave, accayo accagamā yathābāle yathāmūḷhe yathāakusale, ye tumhe evaṃ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajitā samānā aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadittha – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’ti. Yato ca kho tumhe, bhikkhave, accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikarotha, taṃ vo mayaṃ paṭiggaṇhāma. Vuddhi hesā, bhikkhave, ariyassa vinaye yo accayaṃ accayato disvā yathādhammaṃ paṭikaroti āyatiñca saṃvaraṃ āpajjatī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
437. 第二教诫经
7. Dutiyaovādasuttaṃ
150在王舍城的竹林精舍。那时，大迦叶尊者朝着世尊所在的地方走来……（中略）……世尊对大迦叶尊者坐在一旁后，对他说：“迦叶，你去教诫比丘们吧；迦叶，你去为比丘们做一场说法的开示吧。迦叶，教诫比丘们这件事，要么由我来做，要么由你来做；为比丘们做说法的开示这件事，要么由我来做，要么由你来做。”
Rājagahe viharati veḷuvane . Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘ovada, kassapa, bhikkhū; karohi, kassapa, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ. Ahaṃ vā, kassapa , bhikkhū ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā; ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti.
45“尊者，现在的比丘们真难教导啊。他们具备那些让人难以教导的特质，不能忍耐，对于教导不虚心接受。尊者，就在这里，我亲眼看见那位名叫班达的比丘——他是阿难的共住弟子，还有那位名叫阿比基咖的比丘——他是阿那律的共住弟子，他们俩在比拼学识，互相叫板：‘来吧，比丘，看谁讲得更多，看谁讲得更漂亮，看谁讲得更久！’”
‘‘Dubbacā kho, bhante, etarahi bhikkhū, dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā, akkhamā, appadakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsaniṃ. Idhāhaṃ, bhante, addasaṃ bhaṇḍañca nāma bhikkhuṃ ānandassa saddhivihāriṃ abhijikañca nāma bhikkhuṃ anuruddhassa saddhivihāriṃ aññamaññaṃ sutena accāvadante – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko bahutaraṃ bhāsissati, ko sundarataraṃ bhāsissati, ko cirataraṃ bhāsissatī’’’ti.
46尊者，就像在月亮的黑半月里，不管过了一天还是过了一夜，它的颜色都在衰减，它的圆轮都在衰减，它的光芒都在衰减，它的整个形状都在衰减。完全一样地，尊者，不管是谁，对善法没有信心……对善法没有惭心……对善法没有愧心……对善法没有精进……对善法没有智慧，这样的人，不管过了一天还是过了一夜，在善法上只会退步，不会进步。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhante, kāḷapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāyateva vaṇṇena, hāyati maṇḍalena, hāyati ābhāya, hāyati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, bhante, yassa kassaci saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu…pe… hirī natthi… ottappaṃ natthi … vīriyaṃ natthi… paññā natthi… kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi.
47尊者，一个没有信心的人，这就是退步；一个没有惭心的人，这就是退步；一个没有愧心的人，这就是退步；一个懒惰的人，这就是退步；一个智慧不足的人，这就是退步；一个爱生气的人，这就是退步；一个记仇的人，这就是退步；没有比丘能引导他，这就是退步。
‘‘‘Assaddho purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘ahiriko purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘anottappī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘kusīto purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘duppañño purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘kodhano purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘upanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ; ‘na santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, bhante, parihānametaṃ.
48尊者，不管是谁，只要对善法有信心，对善法有惭心，对善法有愧心，对善法有精进，对善法有智慧——这样的人，不管过了一天还是过了一夜，在善法上只会进步，不会退步。
‘‘Yassa kassaci, bhante, saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu, hirī atthi kusalesu dhammesu, ottappaṃ atthi kusalesu dhammesu, vīriyaṃ atthi kusalesu dhammesu, paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu, tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.
49尊者，就像在月亮的白半月里，不管过了一天还是过了一夜，它的颜色都在增长，它的圆轮都在增长，它的光芒都在增长，它的整个形状都在增长。完全一样地，尊者，不管是谁，对善法有信心……对善法有惭心……对善法有愧心……对善法有精进……对善法有智慧，这样的人，不管过了一天还是过了一夜，在善法上只会进步，不会退步。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhante, juṇhapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vaḍḍhateva vaṇṇena, vaḍḍhati maṇḍalena , vaḍḍhati ābhāya, vaḍḍhati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, bhante, yassa kassaci saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu… hirī atthi…pe… ottappaṃ atthi… vīriyaṃ atthi… paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.
50尊者，一个有信心的人，这就是不会退步；一个有惭心的人，这就是不会退步；一个有愧心的人，这就是不会退步；一个精进不懈的人，这就是不会退步；一个有智慧的人，这就是不会退步；一个不生气的人，这就是不会退步；一个不记仇的人，这就是不会退步；有比丘能引导他，这就是不会退步。
‘‘‘Saddho purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘hirimā purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘ottappī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘āraddhavīriyo purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘paññavā purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘akkodhano purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘anupanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, bhante, aparihānametaṃ; ‘santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, bhante, aparihānameta’’nti.
51“萨度，萨度，迦叶。迦叶，任何人如果对善法没有信……对善法没有惭……没有愧……没有精进……没有慧，那么无论夜晚还是白天到来，他在善法上只会退减，不会增长。
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, kassapa. Yassa kassaci, kassapa, saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu…pe… hirī natthi… ottappaṃ natthi… vīriyaṃ natthi… paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi.
52“迦叶，就像月亮在黒月时分，无论夜晚还是白天到来，它的色泽都在消退……它在圆度和体积上都在缩减。同样地，迦叶，任何人如果对善法没有信……没有惭……没有愧……没有精进……没有慧，那么无论夜晚还是白天到来，他在善法上只会退减，不会增长。‘这个人没有信’，迦叶，这是一种退减；‘这个人没有惭’……‘没有愧’……‘懈怠’……‘没有慧’……‘这个人有忿怒’，迦叶，这是一种退减；‘这个人有怨恨’，迦叶，这是一种退减；‘没有比丘能够教诫他’，迦叶，这也是一种退减。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, kassapa, kāḷapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāyateva vaṇṇena…pe… hāyati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, kassapa, yassa kassaci saddhā natthi kusalesu dhammesu…pe… hirī natthi… ottappaṃ natthi… vīriyaṃ natthi… paññā natthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, hāniyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no vuddhi. ‘Assaddho purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, parihānametaṃ ; ahiriko…pe… anottappī… kusīto… duppañño… kodhano… ‘upanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, parihānametaṃ; ‘na santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, kassapa, parihānametaṃ.
53“迦叶，任何人如果对善法有信……有惭……有愧……有精进……有慧，那么无论夜晚还是白天到来，他在善法上只会增长，不会退减。
‘‘Yassa kassaci, kassapa, saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu…pe… hirī atthi… ottappaṃ atthi… vīriyaṃ atthi… paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.
54“迦叶，就像月亮在白月时分，无论夜晚还是白天到来，它的色泽都在增长，圆轮在增长，光芒在增长，圆度和体积都在增长。同样地，迦叶，任何人如果对善法有信、有惭、有愧、有精进、有慧，那么无论夜晚还是白天到来，他在善法上只会增长，不会退减。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, kassapa, juṇhapakkhe candassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vaḍḍhateva vaṇṇena, vaḍḍhati maṇḍalena, vaḍḍhati ābhāya, vaḍḍhati ārohapariṇāhena. Evameva kho, kassapa, yassa kassaci saddhā atthi kusalesu dhammesu hirī atthi… ottappaṃ atthi… vīriyaṃ atthi… paññā atthi kusalesu dhammesu tassa yā ratti vā divaso vā āgacchati, vuddhiyeva pāṭikaṅkhā kusalesu dhammesu, no parihāni.
55“‘这个人有信’，迦叶，这是一种不退减；‘这个人有惭’……‘有愧’……‘精进不懈’……‘有慧’……‘没有忿怒’，迦叶，这是一种不退减；‘这个人没有怨恨’，迦叶，这是一种不退减；‘有比丘能教诫他’，迦叶，这也是一种不退减。” 第七经。
‘‘‘Saddho purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, aparihānametaṃ; hirimā…pe… ottappī… āraddhavīriyo… paññavā… akkodhano… ‘anupanāhī purisapuggalo’ti, kassapa, aparihānametaṃ; ‘santi bhikkhū ovādakā’ti, kassapa, aparihānameta’’nti. Sattamaṃ.
568. 第三教诫经
8. Tatiyaovādasuttaṃ
151在王舍城的迦兰陀竹园。那时，大迦叶尊者来到世尊那里。到了以后，向世尊礼敬，然后坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的大迦叶尊者这样说：“迦叶，你去教诫比丘们吧；迦叶，你为比丘们说法吧。迦叶，由我来教诫比丘们，或者由你来教诫；由我来为比丘们说法，或者由你来说法。”
Rājagahe kalandakanivāpe . Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘ovada, kassapa, bhikkhū; karohi, kassapa, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ. Ahaṃ vā, kassapa, bhikkhūnaṃ ovadeyyaṃ tvaṃ vā; ahaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ kareyyaṃ tvaṃ vā’’ti.
58「尊者，现在的比丘们难以教诫，具有难以教诫的诸法，不能忍受，不恭敬地接受教诫。尊者，我在这里看见名叫班达的比丘——阿难的同住弟子，以及名叫阿比基咖的比丘——阿那律的同住弟子，彼此以所闻竞胜：『来吧，比丘，谁能说得更多，谁能说得更好，谁能说得更久？』」
‘‘Dubbacā kho, bhante, etarahi bhikkhū, dovacassakaraṇehi dhammehi samannāgatā, akkhamā, appadakkhiṇaggāhino anusāsanī’’nti. ‘‘Tathā hi pana, kassapa, pubbe therā bhikkhū āraññikā ceva ahesuṃ āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino, piṇḍapātikā ceva ahesuṃ piṇḍapātikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino , paṃsukūlikā ceva ahesuṃ paṃsukūlikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino, tecīvarikā ceva ahesuṃ tecīvarikattassa ca vaṇṇavādino, appicchā ceva ahesuṃ appicchatāya ca vaṇṇavādino, santuṭṭhā ceva ahesuṃ santuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādino, pavivittā ceva ahesuṃ pavivekassa ca vaṇṇavādino, asaṃsaṭṭhā ceva ahesuṃ asaṃsaggassa ca vaṇṇavādino, āraddhavīriyā ceva ahesuṃ vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādino.
59“迦叶，确实如此。过去的长老比丘们既是林居者，也赞扬林居；既是托钵乞食者，也赞扬托钵乞食；既是粪扫衣者，也赞扬粪扫衣；既是三衣者，也赞扬三衣；既是少欲者，也赞扬少欲；既是知足者，也赞扬知足；既是远离者，也赞扬远离；既是不交际者，也赞扬不交际；既是精进者，也赞扬精进。”
‘‘Tatra yo hoti bhikkhu āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva piṇḍapātikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, paṃsukūliko ceva paṃsukūlikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, tecīvariko ceva tecīvarikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, appiccho ceva appicchatāya ca vaṇṇavādī, santuṭṭho ceva santuṭṭhiyā ca vaṇṇavādī, pavivitto ceva pavivekassa ca vaṇṇavādī, asaṃsaṭṭho ceva asaṃsaggassa ca vaṇṇavādī, āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī, taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sikkhākāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’’’ti.
60“在这当中，如果有比丘既是林居者也赞扬林居，既是托钵乞食者也赞扬托钵乞食，既是粪扫衣者也赞扬粪扫衣，既是三衣者也赞扬三衣，既是少欲者也赞扬少欲，既是知足者也赞扬知足，既是远离者也赞扬远离，既是不交际者也赞扬不交际，既是精进者也赞扬精进，长老比丘们就会以座位邀请他：‘来，比丘，这位比丘叫什么名字？这位比丘真是贤善，这位比丘真是好乐修学；来，比丘，请坐在这里。’”
‘‘Tatra, kassapa, navānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘yo kira so hoti bhikkhu āraññiko ceva āraññikattassa ca vaṇṇavādī, piṇḍapātiko ceva…pe… paṃsukūliko ceva… tecīvariko ceva… appiccho ceva… santuṭṭho ceva… pavivitto ceva… asaṃsaṭṭho ceva… āraddhavīriyo ceva vīriyārambhassa ca vaṇṇavādī, taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti – ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sikkhākāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’ti. Te tathattāya paṭipajjanti; tesaṃ taṃ hoti dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya.
61“迦叶，那时新学比丘们就会心想：‘听说那位比丘既是林居者也赞扬林居，托钵乞食者也……粪扫衣者也……三衣者也……少欲者也……知足者也……远离者也……不交际者也……精进者也赞扬精进，长老比丘们以座位邀请他：‘来，比丘，这位比丘叫什么名字？这位比丘真是贤善，这位比丘真是好乐修学；来，比丘，请坐在这里。’于是他们便朝着那样的方向去修行。这给他们带来长久的利益与安乐。”
‘‘Etarahi pana, kassapa, therā bhikkhū na ceva āraññikā na ca āraññikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva piṇḍapātikā na ca piṇḍapātikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva paṃsukūlikā na ca paṃsukūlikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva tecīvarikā na ca tecīvarikattassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva appicchā na ca appicchatāya vaṇṇavādino, na ceva santuṭṭhā na ca santuṭṭhiyā vaṇṇavādino, na ceva pavivittā na ca pavivekassa vaṇṇavādino, na ceva asaṃsaṭṭhā na ca asaṃsaggassa vaṇṇavādino , na ceva āraddhavīriyā na ca vīriyārambhassa vaṇṇavādino.
62“而现在，迦叶，长老比丘们自己既不是林居者，也不赞扬林居；既不是托钵乞食者，也不赞扬托钵乞食；既不是粪扫衣者，也不赞扬粪扫衣；既不是三衣者，也不赞扬三衣；既不少欲，也不赞扬少欲；既不知足，也不赞扬知足；既不远离，也不赞扬远离；既不不交际，也不赞扬不交际；既不精进，也不赞扬精进。”
‘‘Tatra yo hoti bhikkhu ñāto yasassī lābhī cīvara-piṇḍapāta-senāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti – ‘ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sabrahmacārikāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’’’ti.
63“在这当中，如果有比丘有名望、有声誉，得到衣服、饮食、住处、病者所需的医药资具，长老比丘们就以座位邀请他：‘来，比丘，这位比丘叫什么名字？这位比丘真是贤善，这位比丘真是喜好梵行同道；来，比丘，请坐在这里。’”
‘‘Tatra, kassapa, navānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘yo kira so hoti bhikkhu ñāto yasassī lābhī cīvara-piṇḍapāta-senāsana-gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānaṃ taṃ therā bhikkhū āsanena nimantenti – ehi, bhikkhu, ko nāmāyaṃ bhikkhu, bhaddako vatāyaṃ bhikkhu, sabrahmacārikāmo vatāyaṃ bhikkhu; ehi, bhikkhu, idaṃ āsanaṃ nisīdāhī’ti. Te tathattāya paṭipajjanti. Tesaṃ taṃ hoti dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya. Yañhi taṃ, kassapa, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘upaddutā brahmacārī brahmacārūpaddavena abhipatthanā brahmacārī brahmacāriabhipatthanenā’ti , etarahi taṃ, kassapa, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘upaddutā brahmacārī brahmacārūpaddavena abhipatthanā brahmacārī brahmacāriabhipatthanenā’’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
649. 禅那神通经
9. Jhānābhiññasuttaṃ
152比丘们，就我想要从感官欲望中抽离、从不善法中抽离，进入并安住在有寻、有伺、由抽离而生的喜与乐的初禅。比丘们，迦叶也想要从感官欲望中抽离、从不善法中抽离，进入并安住在有寻、有伺、由抽离而生的喜与乐的初禅。
Sāvatthiyaṃ viharati…pe… ‘‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi , bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati’’.
66比丘们，就我想要平息寻与伺，内心变得平静、心念专一，进入并安住在无寻、无伺、由定而生的喜与乐的第二禅。比丘们，迦叶也想要平息寻与伺……进入并安住在第二禅。
‘‘Ahaṃ , bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
67比丘们，就我想要褪去喜，安住于舍，具念正知，以身感受乐，进入并安住在圣者们所称的'具舍、具念、住于乐'的第三禅。比丘们，迦叶也想要褪去喜，安住于舍，具念正知，以身感受乐，进入并安住在圣者们所称的'具舍、具念、住于乐'的第三禅。
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharāmi sato ca sampajāno sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedemi, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato ca sampajāno, sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
68比丘们，就我想要舍断乐、舍断苦，随着先前愉悦与忧恼的消失，进入并安住在不苦不乐、由舍与念遍净的第四禅。比丘们，迦叶也想要舍断乐……进入并安住在第四禅。
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati sukhassa ca pahānā …pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati.
69比丘们，就我想要完全超越色想，灭去有对想，不去作意种种想，怀着'虚空无边'的想法，进入并安住在空无边处。比丘们，迦叶也想要完全超越色想……进入并安住在空无边处。
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ananto ākāsoti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi , bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā…pe… ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.
70比丘们，就我想要完全超越空无边处，怀着'识无边'的想法，进入并安住在识无边处。比丘们，迦叶也想要完全超越空无边处，怀着'识无边'的想法，进入并安住在识无边处。
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma anantaṃ viññāṇanti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi , bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma anantaṃ viññāṇanti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.
71比丘们，只要我愿意，就能完全超越识无边处，达到‘什么都没有’的无所有处，并安住其中。比丘们，大迦叶也一样，只要他愿意……也能达到无所有处并安住其中。
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati…pe… ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.
72比丘们，只要我愿意，就能完全超越无所有处，达到非想非非想处，并安住其中。比丘们，大迦叶也一样，只要他愿意……也能达到非想非非想处并安住其中。
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati…pe… nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati.
73比丘们，只要我愿意，就能完全超越非想非非想处，达到想受灭，并安住其中。比丘们，大迦叶也一样……也能达到想受灭并安住其中。
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave…pe… saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati.
74比丘们，只要我愿意，就能体验各种神通变化：能从一个变成多个，从多个变成一个；能显身、隐身；能穿墙、穿壁、穿山，毫无阻碍，就像在虚空中行走一样；能在地里冒出、沉入，就像在水里一样；能在水上行走而不破水，就像在地上一样；能在空中盘腿而行，就像有翅膀的鸟一样；还能用手去碰触、抚摸像日月这样有大威神、大威力的天体；甚至能以身体自在掌控远至梵天界。比丘们，大迦叶也一样，只要他愿意，就能体验各种神通变化……也能以身体自在掌控远至梵天界。
‘‘Ahaṃ , bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhomi – ekopi hutvā bahudhā homi, bahudhāpi hutvā eko homi; āvibhāvaṃ, tirobhāvaṃ, tirokuṭṭaṃ, tiropākāraṃ, tiropabbataṃ, asajjamāno gacchāmi, seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karomi, seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchāmi, seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamāmi, seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parimasāmi parimajjāmi; yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattemi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti.
75比丘们，只要我愿意，就能以清净、超人的天耳界，听到两类声音——天界的声音和人界的声音，无论是远处的还是近处的。比丘们，大迦叶也一样，只要他愿意，就能以天耳界……听到远处和近处的声音。
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇāmi, dibbe ca mānuse ca, ye dūre santike ca. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati dibbāya sotadhātuyā…pe… dūre santike ca.
76比丘们，只要我愿意，就能以我的心去把握其他众生、其他人的心而了知：有贪的心，我就了知为‘有贪的心’；离贪的心，我就了知为‘离贪的心’；有嗔的心……离嗔的心……有痴的心……离痴的心……收缩的心……散乱的心……广大的心……不广大的心……有上的心……无上的心……得定的心……不得定的心……解脱的心……未解脱的心，我就了知为‘未解脱的心’。比丘们，大迦叶也一样，只要他愿意，就能以自心把握他心而了知：有贪的心，他就了知为‘有贪的心’……未解脱的心，他就了知为‘未解脱的心’。
‘‘Ahaṃ , bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāmi – sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ sarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāmi, vītarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ vītarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāmi, sadosaṃ vā cittaṃ…pe… vītadosaṃ vā cittaṃ… samohaṃ vā cittaṃ… vītamohaṃ vā cittaṃ… saṃkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ… vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ… mahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ… amahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ… sauttaraṃ vā cittaṃ… anuttaraṃ vā cittaṃ… samāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ… asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ… vimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ… avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ avimuttaṃ cittanti pajānāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāti – sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ sarāgaṃ cittanti pajānāti…pe… avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ avimuttaṃ cittanti pajānāti.
77比丘们，只要我愿意，就能回忆起无数过去世的生命。比如：一世、两世、三世、四世、五世、十世、二十世、三十世、四十世、五十世、一百世、一千世、十万世，许多的坏劫、许多的成劫、许多的成坏劫。在那里，我有这样的名字、这样的族姓、这样的容貌、这样的饮食、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿命尽头。从那里去世后，我又投生到另一个地方；在那里，我又有了这样的名字、这样的族姓、这样的容貌、这样的饮食、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿命尽头。从那里去世后，我再投生到这里。就像这样，我能带着细节和具体情况，回忆起无数种过去世的生命。比丘们，大迦叶也是这样，只要他愿意，就能回忆起无数过去世的生命。比如：一世……就像这样，他能带着细节和具体情况，回忆起无数种过去世的生命。
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi, anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe – ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto , so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.
78比丘们，只要我愿意，就能用那超越常人的清净天眼，看见众生死亡、投生，看见低贱的、高贵的，美丽的、丑陋的，看见众生根据自己的业力而投生到善趣或恶趣。我能了解：‘这些众生，确实因为具有身的恶行、语的恶行、意的恶行，诽谤圣者，持有邪见，造作邪见之业；他们在身体坏灭、死亡之后，就投生到了苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。而这些众生，确实因为具有身的善行、语的善行、意的善行，不诽谤圣者，持有正见，造作正见之业；他们在身体坏灭、死亡之后，就投生到了善趣、天界。’就像这样，我用那超越常人的清净天眼，看见众生死亡、投生，看见低贱的、高贵的，美丽的、丑陋的，了解众生根据自己的业力而投生到善趣或恶趣。比丘们，大迦叶也是这样，只要他愿意，就能用那超越常人的清净天眼，看见众生死亡、投生……了解众生根据自己的业力而投生到善趣或恶趣。
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passāmi cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāmi – ‘ime vata, bhonto, sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā; te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā, ime vā pana, bhonto, sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā; te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā’ti. Iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passāmi cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne…pe… yathākammūpage satte pajānāti.
79比丘们，我通过灭尽烦恼，在当下、亲自以智慧证悟了无烦恼的心解脱和慧解脱，并安住其中。比丘们，大迦叶也是这样，通过灭尽烦恼，在当下、亲自以智慧证悟了无烦恼的心解脱和慧解脱，并安住其中。第九经。
‘‘Ahaṃ, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
8010. 住所经
10. Upassayasuttaṃ
153如是我闻：有一次，大迦叶尊者住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时，阿难尊者在午前时分，穿好下衣，拿着钵和袈裟，来到大迦叶尊者这里。到了之后，他对大迦叶尊者说：‘迦叶尊者，我们一起去某个比丘尼的住处吧。’‘你去吧，阿难贤友，你事务很多，要忙的事情很多。’第二次，阿难尊者又对阿难尊者说：‘迦叶尊者，我们一起去某个比丘尼的住处吧。’‘你去吧，阿难贤友，你事务很多，要忙的事情很多。’第三次，阿难尊者又对大迦叶尊者说：‘迦叶尊者，我们一起去某个比丘尼的住处吧。’
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā mahākassapo sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā ānando pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyāma, bhante kassapa, yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Gaccha tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, bahukicco tvaṃ bahukaraṇīyo’’ti. Dutiyampi kho āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyāma, bhante kassapa, yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Gaccha tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, bahukicco tvaṃ bahukaraṇīyo’’ti. Tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyāma, bhante kassapa, yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkamissāmā’’ti.
82于是，大迦叶尊者在午前时分，穿好下衣，拿着钵和袈裟，由阿难尊者作为随行沙门，一起前往某个比丘尼的住处。到了之后，在准备好的座位上坐下。那时，许多比丘尼来到大迦叶尊者这里。来到之后，她们向大迦叶尊者顶礼，然后坐在一旁。坐在一旁后，大迦叶尊者用佛法的开示来教导、鼓励、激励、令那些比丘尼欢喜。然后，大迦叶尊者在用佛法的开示教导、鼓励、激励、令那些比丘尼欢喜之后，从座位上起身离开了。
Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya āyasmatā ānandena pacchāsamaṇena yena aññataro bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhuniyo yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho tā bhikkhuniyo āyasmā mahākassapo dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo tā bhikkhuniyo dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.
83那时，一位名叫胖低舍的比丘尼心里很不高兴，说出了不满意的话：‘这位大迦叶尊者，他凭什么认为能在阿难尊者、这位毘提诃牟尼面前说法呢？这就好比一个卖针的小贩，竟想在针匠面前卖针一样。同样地，这位大迦叶尊者，竟认为能在阿难尊者、这位毘提诃牟尼面前说法。’
Atha kho thullatissā bhikkhunī anattamanā anattamanavācaṃ nicchāresi – ‘‘kiṃ pana ayyo mahākassapo, ayyassa ānandassa vedehamunino sammukhā dhammaṃ bhāsitabbaṃ maññati? Seyyathāpi nāma sūcivāṇijako sūcikārassa santike sūciṃ vikketabbaṃ maññeyya; evameva ayyo mahākassapo ayyassa ānandassa vedehamunino sammukhā dhammaṃ bhāsitabbaṃ maññatī’’ti.
84大迦叶尊者听到偷罗低舍比丘尼说这些的话。于是大迦叶尊者对阿难尊者说：“阿难贤友，到底我是针贩子，你是制针人，还是我是制针人，你是针贩子呢？”阿难说：“对不起，迦叶尊者，女人是愚痴的。”大迦叶说：“你等一下，阿难贤友，别让僧团进一步审查你。”
Assosi kho āyasmā mahākassapo thullatissāya bhikkhuniyā imaṃ vācaṃ bhāsamānāya. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, āvuso ānanda, ahaṃ sūcivāṇijako, tvaṃ sūcikāro; udāhu ahaṃ sūcikāro, tvaṃ sūcivāṇijako’’ti? ‘‘Khama , bhante kassapa, bālo mātugāmo’’ti. ‘‘Āgamehi tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, mā te saṅgho uttari upaparikkhi’’.
85“阿难贤友，你是怎么想的？你是否曾经被世尊当面对比丘僧团这样提到：‘比丘们，当我想要时，就可以完全远离感官欲望、远离不善法，进入并安住于有寻有伺、由远离生起的喜乐之初禅。阿难也一样，比丘们，当他想要时，就可以完全远离感官欲望、远离不善法，进入并安住于有寻有伺、由远离生起的喜乐之初禅’呢？”阿难回答：“不，尊者，没有这回事。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, āvuso ānanda, api nu tvaṃ bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto – ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Ānandopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
86“贤友，我曾经被世尊当面对比丘僧团这样提到：‘比丘们，当我想要时，就可以完全远离感官欲望、远离不善法，进入并安住于有寻有伺、由远离生起的喜乐之初禅。迦叶也一样，比丘们，当他想要时，就可以完全远离感官欲望、远离不善法……进入并安住于初禅。’……（九种次第住定与五种神通的展开也应这样理解。）
‘‘Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto – ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, yāvadeva ākaṅkhati vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharatī’ti…pe… . (Navannaṃ anupubbavihārasamāpattīnaṃ pañcannañca abhiññānaṃ evaṃ vitthāro veditabbo.)
87“阿难贤友，你是怎么想的？你是否曾经被世尊当面对比丘僧团这样提到：‘比丘们，我通过灭尽诸漏，在现法中自己以证智作证、进入并安住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。阿难也一样，比丘们，他通过灭尽诸漏，在现法中自己以证智作证、进入并安住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱’呢？”阿难回答：“不，尊者。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, āvuso ānanda, api nu tvaṃ bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto – ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi. Ānandopi, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
88“贤友，我曾经被世尊当面对比丘僧团这样提到：‘比丘们，我通过灭尽诸漏，在现法中自己以证智作证、进入并安住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。迦叶也一样，比丘们，他通过灭尽诸漏，在现法中自己以证智作证、进入并安住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。’”
‘‘Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, bhagavato sammukhā bhikkhusaṅghe upanīto – ‘ahaṃ, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi. Kassapopi, bhikkhave, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’’ti.
89“贤友，如果有人以为可以用一片棕榈叶盖住一头七肘甚至七肘半高的大象，那么他可能还以为我的六种神通也能被这样盖住呢。”
‘‘Sattaratanaṃ vā, āvuso, nāgaṃ aḍḍhaṭṭhamaratanaṃ vā tālapattikāya chādetabbaṃ maññeyya, yo me cha abhiññā chādetabbaṃ maññeyyā’’ti.
90据说，比丘尼粗拉蒂沙也放弃了梵行。第十经。
Cavittha ca pana thullatissā bhikkhunī brahmacariyamhāti. Dasamaṃ.
9111. 衣经
11. Cīvarasuttaṃ
154有一次，尊者大迦叶住在王舍城的竹林松鼠喂食处。那时，尊者阿难正和一大群比丘僧众一起，在南山游化。
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā mahākassapo rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ānando dakkhiṇagirismiṃ cārikaṃ carati mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ.
93那个时候，尊者阿难身边大约有三十位共住的比丘弟子，大多数还是些年轻人，他们都放弃了学处，退回世俗生活了。后来，尊者阿难在南山随心游化之后，就朝着王舍城竹林松鼠喂食处，尊者大迦叶所在的地方来了。到了以后，他向尊者大迦叶行礼，然后坐在一边。尊者大迦叶对坐在一边的尊者阿难这样说：“阿难贤友，世尊是基于哪几种目的，才在俗人家中制定了三请食的规定呢？”
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato ānandassa tiṃsamattā saddhivihārino bhikkhū sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattā bhavanti yebhuyyena kumārabhūtā. Atha kho āyasmā ānando dakkhiṇagirismiṃ yathābhirantaṃ cārikaṃ caritvā yena rājagahaṃ veḷuvanaṃ kalandakanivāpo yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āyasmā mahākassapo etadavoca – ‘‘kati nu kho, āvuso ānanda, atthavase paṭicca bhagavatā kulesu tikabhojanaṃ paññatta’’nti?
94“迦叶尊者，世尊是基于三种目的，才在俗人家中制定了三请食的规定：为了折伏那些心性傲慢的人，为了让善良的比丘们能安住，以及为了防止那些有恶欲的人依仗派系来分裂僧团，同时也是出于对俗家信众的怜悯。迦叶尊者，就是基于这三种目的，世尊才在俗人家中制定了三请食的规定。”
‘‘Tayo kho, bhante kassapa, atthavase paṭicca bhagavatā kulesu tikabhojanaṃ paññattaṃ – dummaṅkūnaṃ puggalānaṃ niggahāya pesalānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ phāsuvihārāya, mā pāpicchā pakkhaṃ nissāya saṅghaṃ bhindeyyuṃ , kulānuddayatāya ca. Ime kho, bhante kassapa, tayo atthavase paṭicca bhagavatā kulesu tikabhojanaṃ paññatta’’nti.
95“既然这样，阿难贤友，那你现在为什么还和这些新学比丘一起游化呢？他们不收摄根门、饮食不知量、也不勤修警寤。我看你这是在践踏庄稼，在毁坏信众的家庭啊！阿难贤友，你的随众正在瓦解，你的这些新出家的嫩苗们也在崩坏。这个年轻人，还根本不知道分寸！”
‘‘Atha kiñcarahi tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, imehi navehi bhikkhūhi indriyesu aguttadvārehi bhojane amattaññūhi jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttehi saddhiṃ cārikaṃ carasi? Sassaghātaṃ maññe carasi, kulūpaghātaṃ maññe carasi. Olujjati kho te, āvuso ānanda, parisā; palujjanti kho te, āvuso, navappāyā. Na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’ti.
96“迦叶尊者，我的头上都长出白发了。可是直到今天，我们还是逃不掉尊者大迦叶呵叱我们为‘年轻人’的话啊。”“正是这样啊，阿难贤友，你还和这些新学比丘一起游化，他们不收摄根门、饮食不知量、也不勤修警寤。我看你这是在践踏庄稼，在毁坏信众的家庭。阿难贤友，你的随众正在瓦解，你的这些新出家的嫩苗们也在崩坏。这个年轻人，还根本不知道分寸！”
‘‘Api me, bhante kassapa, sirasmiṃ palitāni jātāni. Atha ca pana mayaṃ ajjāpi āyasmato mahākassapassa kumārakavādā na muccāmā’’ti. ‘‘Tathā hi pana tvaṃ, āvuso ānanda, imehi navehi bhikkhūhi indriyesu aguttadvārehi bhojane amattaññūhi jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttehi saddhiṃ cārikaṃ carasi, sassaghātaṃ maññe carasi, kulūpaghātaṃ maññe carasi. Olujjati kho te, āvuso ānanda, parisā; palujjanti kho te, āvuso, navappāyā. Na vāyaṃ kumārako mattamaññāsī’’ti.
97偷兰难达比丘尼听到了这件事——"听说大迦叶尊者用'幼稚小子'这种话，把阿难尊者这位毗提诃族智者给数落了。"
Assosi kho thullanandā bhikkhunī – ‘‘ayyena kira mahākassapena ayyo ānando vedehamuni kumārakavādena apasādito’’ti.
98于是，偷兰难达比丘尼心里很不爽，就发泄了不爽的话："怎么？大迦叶尊者以前可是外道出身，他凭什么觉得自己可以用'幼稚小子'这种话去数落阿难尊者——那位毗提诃族智者！"大迦叶尊者听到了偷兰难达比丘尼说的这番话。
Atha kho thullanandā bhikkhunī anattamanā anattamanavācaṃ nicchāresi – ‘‘kiṃ pana ayyo mahākassapo aññatitthiyapubbo samāno ayyaṃ ānandaṃ vedehamuniṃ kumārakavādena apasādetabbaṃ maññatī’’ti! Assosi kho āyasmā mahākassapo thullanandāya bhikkhuniyā imaṃ vācaṃ bhāsamānāya.
99那时，大迦叶尊者对阿难尊者这样说："真的，阿难贤友，偷兰难达比丘尼是气冲冲地、不假思索地说出了那番话。贤友，就我而言，当我剃除须发，披上袈裟衣，从在家生活中出家进入无家生活时，我从未记得自己曾归依过其他任何老师，除了那位世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者。贤友，在我还是在家人的时候，我心里这样想过：'在家生活是拥挤的，是尘垢的道路；出家生活则是空旷开阔的。住在家中，想要修习那完全圆满、完全清净、如磨亮的贝壳般的梵行，是不容易做到的。我为什么不剃除须发，披上袈裟衣，从在家生活中出家进入无家生活呢？'就这样，贤友，后来的某个时候，我用一堆碎布片缝制了一件大衣，以世间的那些阿拉汉为归依对象，剃除须发，披上袈裟衣，从在家生活中出家，进入了无家生活。
Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tagghāvuso ānanda, thullanandāya bhikkhuniyā sahasā appaṭisaṅkhā vācā bhāsitā. Yatvāhaṃ, āvuso, kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito, nābhijānāmi aññaṃ satthāraṃ uddisitā , aññatra tena bhagavatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena. Pubbe me, āvuso, agārikabhūtassa sato etadahosi – ‘sambādho gharāvāso rajāpatho , abbhokāso pabbajjā. Nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya’nti. So khvāhaṃ, āvuso, aparena samayena paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ kāretvā ye loke arahanto te uddissa kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajiṃ.
100就这样出家之后，我正走在一条旅途中，在王舍城与那烂陀之间的多子塔庙，看见了世尊坐在那里。见到之后，我心里这样想：'我要是能见到老师，那我见到的就是世尊！我要是能见到善逝，那我见到的就是世尊！我要是能见到正自觉者，那我见到的就是世尊！'就这样，贤友，我当时就在那里，以头面礼在世尊的双足上，然后对世尊这样说：'尊者，世尊是我的老师，我是他的弟子；尊者，世尊是我的老师，我是他的弟子。'贤友，当我说了这话后，世尊对我说：'迦叶，若有人对这样一个全身心投入的弟子，明明不知道却说“我知道”，明明没有看见却说“我看见”，那个人的脑袋都会裂开。但是，迦叶，我是知道就说“我知道”，看见就说“我看见”。'
So evaṃ pabbajito samāno addhānamaggappaṭipanno addasaṃ bhagavantaṃ antarā ca rājagahaṃ antarā ca nāḷandaṃ bahuputte cetiye nisinnaṃ. Disvāna me etadahosi – ‘satthārañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ, bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ; sugatañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ, bhagavantameva passeyyaṃ; sammāsambuddhañca vatāhaṃ passeyyaṃ; bhagavantameva passeyya’nti. So khvāhaṃ, āvuso, tattheva bhagavato pādesu sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘satthā me, bhante, bhagavā, sāvakohamasmi; satthā me, bhante, bhagavā, sāvakohamasmī’ti . Evaṃ vutte maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā etadavoca – ‘yo kho, kassapa, evaṃ sabbacetasā samannāgataṃ sāvakaṃ ajānaññeva vadeyya jānāmīti, apassaññeva vadeyya passāmīti, muddhāpi tassa vipateyya. Ahaṃ kho pana, kassapa, jānaññeva vadāmi jānāmīti, passaññeva vadāmi passāmī’ti.
101所以，迦叶，你应当这样学：'我要对上座、对新学、对中座，都保持强烈的惭愧心。'迦叶，你就应当这样学。
Tasmātiha te, kassapa, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘tibbaṃ me hirottappaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ bhavissati theresu navesu majjhimesū’ti. Evañhi te, kassapa, sikkhitabbaṃ.
102所以，迦叶，你应当这样学：'无论我听什么跟善法相关的法，我都将全心投入地对待它、作意它、用全部的心念去集中它，竖起耳朵专心听法。'迦叶，你就应当这样学。
Tasmātiha te, kassapa, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘yaṃ kiñci dhammaṃ suṇissāmi kusalūpasaṃhitaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ aṭṭhiṃ katvā manasi karitvā sabbacetasā samannāharitvā ohitasoto dhammaṃ suṇissāmī’ti. Evañhi te, kassapa, sikkhitabbaṃ.
103所以，迦叶，你应当这样修学：‘我带有乐受的身至念决不会退失。’迦叶，你就应当这样修学。
Tasmātiha te, kassapa, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘sātasahagatā ca me kāyagatāsati na vijahissatī’ti. Evañhi te, kassapa, sikkhitabbanti.
104那时，朋友，世尊用这番教诫教导我之后，便从座位起来离开了。朋友，我怀着依止的心，整整七天享用国家的施食。第八天，我便生起了智。
‘‘Atha kho maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā iminā ovādena ovaditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Sattāhameva khvāhaṃ, āvuso, saraṇo raṭṭhapiṇḍaṃ bhuñjiṃ’’. Aṭṭhamiyā aññā udapādi.
105朋友，那时世尊离开道路，来到一棵树下。我便把破布拼成的僧伽梨衣折成四叠铺好，对世尊说：‘大德，请世尊坐在这里，这能为我带来长久的利益与安乐。’朋友，世尊就在我铺好的座位上坐了下来。坐下后，世尊对我说：‘迦叶，你这件破布僧伽梨衣真柔软啊。’‘大德，请世尊出于怜悯，接受我这件破布僧伽梨衣吧。’‘迦叶，那你愿意穿我这件粗麻粪扫衣吗？’‘大德，我愿意穿世尊的粗麻粪扫衣。’朋友，就这样，我把破布僧伽梨衣供养给世尊，自己则接受了世尊的粗麻粪扫衣。
‘‘Atha kho, āvuso, bhagavā maggā okkamma yena aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ tenupasaṅkami. Atha khvāhaṃ, āvuso, paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ catugguṇaṃ paññapetvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘idha, bhante, bhagavā nisīdatu, yaṃ mamassa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’ti. Nisīdi kho, āvuso, bhagavā paññatte āsane. Nisajja kho maṃ, āvuso, bhagavā etadavoca – ‘mudukā kho tyāyaṃ, kassapa, paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭī’ti. ‘Paṭiggaṇhātu me, bhante, bhagavā paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ anukampaṃ upādāyā’ti. ‘Dhāressasi pana me tvaṃ, kassapa, sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’ti. ‘Dhāressāmahaṃ, bhante, bhagavato sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’ti. ‘‘So khvāhaṃ, āvuso, paṭapilotikānaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ bhagavato pādāsiṃ. Ahaṃ pana bhagavato sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanāni paṭipajjiṃ’’.
106朋友，如果有人说得很正确，说：‘那位是世尊的亲生子，从口中出生，从法中出生，被法所化生，是法的继承人，是受持粗麻粪扫衣的人。’那么，正确说的对象就是我。朋友，如果有人正确地说：‘世尊的亲生子，从口中出生，从法中出生，被法所化生，是法的继承人，是受持粗麻粪扫衣的人。’那指的就是我。
‘‘Yañhi taṃ, āvuso, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘bhagavato putto oraso mukhato jāto dhammajo dhammanimmito dhammadāyādo, paṭiggahitāni sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’ti, mamaṃ taṃ sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘bhagavato putto oraso mukhato jāto dhammajo dhammanimmito dhammadāyādo, paṭiggahitāni sāṇāni paṃsukūlāni nibbasanānī’’’ti.
107朋友，只要我愿意，我就能离开种种感官欲乐，离开种种不善法，有寻、有伺，由远离而生起喜乐，进入并安住在初禅。朋友，只要我愿意……（九种次第住果证和五种神通的详细说明也应如此了知）。
‘‘Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, yāvadeva ākaṅkhāmi vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharāmi. Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, yāvade ākaṅkhāmi…pe… (navannaṃ anupubbavihārasamāpattinaṃ pañcannañca abhiññānaṃ evaṃ vitthāro veditabbo) .
108朋友，我通过灭尽诸漏，就在这现法之中，自己以胜智证知、现证无漏的心解脱、慧解脱，进入并安住其中。朋友，如果有人认为，能用一片棕榈叶去遮盖一头七肘或七肘半的大象，那他才会认为能遮盖我这六通呢。”
‘‘Ahaṃ kho, āvuso, āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharāmi; sattaratanaṃ vā, āvuso, nāgaṃ aḍḍhaṭṭhamaratanaṃ vā tālapattikāya chādetabbaṃ maññeyya, yo me cha abhiññā chādetabbaṃ maññeyyā’’ti.
109厚脸皮的偷兰难陀比丘尼已经放弃了梵行生活。第十一经。
Cavittha ca pana thullanandā bhikkhunī brahmacariyamhāti. Ekādasamaṃ.
11012. 他人死经
12. Paraṃmaraṇasuttaṃ
155有一次，大迦叶尊者和舍利弗尊者住在巴拉纳西的仙人降处鹿野苑。那时，舍利弗尊者在傍晚时分，从独处禅坐中起来，去到大迦叶尊者那里。到了之后，和大迦叶尊者互相问候。彼此说完亲切、让人欢喜的话后，他坐在一边。坐在一边的舍利弗尊者对尊者大迦叶说：‘迦叶贤友，如来死后到底是否存在呢？’‘贤友，世尊没有回答过这个问题，说“如来死后存在”。’‘那么，贤友，如来死后是否就不存在了呢？’‘贤友，世尊也没有回答过，说“如来死后不存在”。’‘那么，贤友，如来死后是既存在又不存在吗？’‘贤友，世尊没有回答过，说“如来死后既存在又不存在”。’‘那么，贤友，如来死后是既非存在也非不存在吗？’‘贤友，世尊也没有回答过，说“如来死后既非存在也非不存在”。’‘贤友，为什么世尊不回答这些问题呢？’‘贤友，因为这些没有实际利益，不是梵行的基础，不会导向厌离、离欲、灭尽、寂止、证智、正觉、涅槃。所以世尊不回答这些。’
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ca mahākassapo āyasmā ca sāriputto bārāṇasiyaṃ viharanti isipatane migadāye. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahākassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā mahākassapena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ mahākassapaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, āvuso kassapa, hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Abyākataṃ kho etaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā – ‘hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ panāvuso, na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Evampi kho, āvuso, abyākataṃ bhagavatā – ‘na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ nu kho, āvuso, hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Abyākataṃ kho etaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā – ‘hoti ca na ca hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ panāvuso, neva hoti, na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’ti? ‘‘Evampi kho, āvuso, abyākataṃ bhagavatā – ‘neva hoti na na hoti tathāgato paraṃ maraṇā’’’ti. ‘‘Kasmā cetaṃ, āvuso , abyākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti? ‘‘Na hetaṃ, āvuso, atthasaṃhitaṃ nādibrahmacariyakaṃ na nibbidāya na virāgāya na nirodhāya na upasamāya na abhiññāya na sambodhāya na nibbānāya saṃvattati. Tasmā taṃ abyākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti.
112‘那么，贤友，世尊回答了什么呢？’‘贤友，世尊回答了“这是苦”，世尊回答了“这是苦的集起”，世尊回答了“这是苦的灭尽”，世尊回答了“这是导向苦灭的道路”。’‘贤友，为什么世尊回答这些呢？’‘贤友，因为这些有实际利益，是梵行的基础，会导向厌离、离欲、灭尽、寂止、证智、正觉、涅槃。所以世尊回答这些。’第十二经。
‘‘Atha kiñcarahāvuso, byākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti? ‘‘Idaṃ ‘dukkha’nti kho , āvuso, byākataṃ bhagavatā; ayaṃ ‘dukkhasamudayo’ti byākataṃ bhagavatā; ayaṃ ‘dukkhanirodho’ti byākataṃ bhagavatā; ayaṃ ‘dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti byākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti. ‘‘Kasmā cetaṃ, āvuso, byākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti? ‘‘Etañhi, āvuso, atthasaṃhitaṃ etaṃ ādibrahmacariyakaṃ etaṃ nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Tasmā taṃ byākataṃ bhagavatā’’ti. Dvādasamaṃ.
11313. 正法相似经
13. Saddhammappatirūpakasuttaṃ
156如是我闻：有一次，世尊住在沙瓦提城的揭达林给孤独园。那时，大迦叶尊者去到世尊那里。到了之后，向世尊礼敬，然后坐在一边。坐在一边的大迦叶尊者对世尊说：‘尊者，是什么原因、什么条件，使得以前戒条又少，而有更多比丘通过证智而确立呢？尊者，又是什么原因、什么条件，使得现在戒条更多，而通过证智确立的比丘更少呢？’‘迦叶，事情是这样的：当众生退减、正法衰微时，戒条就更多，而通过证智确立的比丘却更少。迦叶，只要相似正法还没有出现在世间，正法就不会消失。但是，迦叶，一旦相似正法出现在世间，这时正法就消失了。’
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā mahākassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ko nu kho, bhante, hetu ko paccayo, yena pubbe appatarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni ahesuṃ bahutarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahiṃsu? Ko pana, bhante, hetu ko paccayo, yenetarahi bahutarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni appatarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahantī’’ti? ‘‘Evañcetaṃ, kassapa, hoti sattesu hāyamānesu saddhamme antaradhāyamāne, bahutarāni ceva sikkhāpadāni honti appatarā ca bhikkhū aññāya saṇṭhahanti. Na tāva, kassapa, saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti yāva na saddhammappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati. Yato ca kho, kassapa, saddhammappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati, atha saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti’’.
115‘迦叶，打个比方，就像只要相似金子还没有出现在世间，真金就不会消失。一旦相似金子出现在世间，真金就会消失。同样地，迦叶，只要相似正法还没有出现在世间，正法就不会消失。一旦相似正法出现在世间，这时正法就消失了。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, kassapa, na tāva jātarūpassa antaradhānaṃ hoti yāva na jātarūpappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati. Yato ca kho, kassapa, jātarūpappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati, atha jātarūpassa antaradhānaṃ hoti. Evameva kho, kassapa, na tāva saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti yāva na saddhammappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati. Yato ca kho, kassapa, saddhammappatirūpakaṃ loke uppajjati, atha saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti.
116‘迦叶，不是地界让正法消失，不是水界让正法消失，不是火界让正法消失，也不是风界让正法消失。而是那些愚痴人就在这个地方出现，他们让这个正法消失。迦叶，就像船是因为一开始就漏水而沉没的；迦叶，正法的消失可不是这样的。
‘‘Na kho, kassapa, pathavīdhātu saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeti, na āpodhātu saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeti, na tejodhātu saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeti, na vāyodhātu saddhammaṃ antaradhāpeti; atha kho idheva te uppajjanti moghapurisā ye imaṃ saddhammaṃ antaradhāpenti. Seyyathāpi, kassapa, nāvā ādikeneva opilavati; na kho, kassapa, evaṃ saddhammassa antaradhānaṃ hoti.
117迦叶，有五种导致堕落的法，能令正法混淆、隐没。哪五种？迦叶，在这里，比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷对导师不恭敬、不顺从而住，对法不恭敬、不顺从而住，对僧不恭敬、不顺从而住，对学处不恭敬、不顺从而住，对定不恭敬、不顺从而住。迦叶，这五种便是导致堕落的法，能令正法混淆、隐没。
‘‘Pañca khome, kassapa, okkamaniyā dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca? Idha, kassapa, bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo satthari agāravā viharanti appatissā, dhamme agāravā viharanti appatissā, saṅghe agāravā viharanti appatissā, sikkhāya agāravā viharanti appatissā, samādhismiṃ agāravā viharanti appatissā – ime kho, kassapa, pañca okkamaniyā dhammā saddhammassa sammosāya antaradhānāya saṃvattanti.
118迦叶，有五种法能令正法久住、不混淆、不隐没。哪五种？迦叶，在这里，比丘、比丘尼、优婆塞、优婆夷对导师恭敬、顺从而住，对法恭敬、顺从而住，对僧恭敬、顺从而住，对学处恭敬、顺从而住，对定恭敬、顺从而住。迦叶，这五种法能令正法久住、不混淆、不隐没。这是第十三经。
‘‘Pañca khome, kassapa, dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattanti. Katame pañca? Idha, kassapa, bhikkhū bhikkhuniyo upāsakā upāsikāyo satthari sagāravā viharanti sappatissā, dhamme sagāravā viharanti sappatissā, saṅghe sagāravā viharanti sappatissā, sikkhāya sagāravā viharanti sappatissā, samādhismiṃ sagāravā viharanti sappatissā – ime kho, kassapa, pañca dhammā saddhammassa ṭhitiyā asammosāya anantaradhānāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Terasamaṃ.
119其摄颂如下：
Tassuddānaṃ –
120迦叶相应完
Kassapasaṃyuttaṃ samattaṃ.
121其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
122《知足》与《无惭愧》，《月喻》、《亲近家》；
Santuṭṭhañca anottappī, candūpamaṃ kulūpakaṃ;
123《老》与《教诫三则》，《禅定神通》、《住处》；
Jiṇṇaṃ tayo ca ovādā, jhānābhiññā upassayaṃ;
124《衣》、《死后》，《相似正法》。
Cīvaraṃ paraṃmaraṇaṃ, saddhammappatirūpakanti.