MN 82 · 拉他巴喇经
293如是我闻:有一次,世尊在俱卢国游行,与一个大比丘僧团一起,来到了一个名叫土喇果帝咖的俱卢国村落。土喇果帝咖的婆罗门居士们听说:‘喂,那位沙门乔达摩——释迦族之子,从释迦族出家——在俱卢国游行,与一个大比丘僧团一起,已经到了土喇果帝咖。关于那位乔达摩大师,流传着这样的好名声:“这位世尊是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行足、善至、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊。”他亲自证知、现证了这个包括天、魔、梵、沙门婆罗门、天人众在内的世间,并加以宣说。他宣说的法,初善、中善、后善,有意义、有辞句,他阐明了圆满、清净的梵行。能见到这样的阿拉汉,真是太好了。’于是,土喇果帝咖的婆罗门居士们就去拜访世尊。到了之后,有些人对世尊礼敬后,坐在一边;有些人和世尊互相问好,进行了令人欢喜、值得记忆的谈话后,坐在一边;有些人朝世尊的方向合掌礼敬后,坐在一边;有些人在世尊面前通报了自己的名字和族姓后,坐在一边;有些人则默不作声地坐在一边。对于这些坐在一边的土喇果帝咖的婆罗门居士,世尊以法教示说、激励、鼓舞、令他们欢喜。
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kurūsu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena thullakoṭṭhikaṃ nāma kurūnaṃ nigamo tadavasari. Assosuṃ kho thullakoṭṭhikā brāhmaṇagahapatikā – ‘‘samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito kurūsu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ thullakoṭṭhikaṃ anuppatto. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī’’ti. Atha kho thullakoṭṭhikā brāhmaṇagahapatikā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā appekacce bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu, sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce bhagavato santike nāmagottaṃ sāvetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce tuṇhībhūtā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinne kho thullakoṭṭhike brāhmaṇagahapatike bhagavā dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi.
294那个时候,有一位名叫赖吒和罗的族姓子,就在那土喇果帝咖,是一个望族的儿子,正坐在那个集会中。这时,族姓子赖吒和罗心里想:‘就我理解的世尊所说的法来说,一个住在家的人,要过那种绝对圆满、绝对清净、像磨光的贝壳一样纯粹的梵行,是不容易的。不如我剃除须发,穿上袈裟,从有家出去,过没有家的生活吧。’那时,土喇果帝咖的婆罗门居士们,被世尊以法教示说、激励、鼓舞、令欢喜之后,对世尊的教说感到欣悦、随喜,便从座位起身,礼敬世尊,右绕之后离开了。在土喇果帝咖的婆罗门居士们离开后不久,族姓子赖吒和罗就去拜访世尊。到了之后,礼敬世尊,然后坐在一边。坐在一边的族姓子赖吒和罗对世尊这样说:‘尊者,就我理解的世尊所说的法来说,一个住在家的人,要过那种绝对圆满、绝对清净、像磨光的贝壳一样纯粹的梵行,是不容易的。尊者,我想剃除须发,穿上袈裟,从有家出去,过没有家的生活。尊者,请让我在世尊面前出家,让我受具足戒。请世尊度我出家。’‘赖吒和罗,你从有家出去,过没有家的生活,得到你父母的允许了吗?’‘尊者,我从有家出去,过没有家的生活,还没有得到父母的允许。’‘赖吒和罗,如来是不度没有得到父母允许的儿子的。’‘尊者,我会想办法,让父母允许我从有家出去,过没有家的生活。’
Tena kho pana samayena raṭṭhapālo nāma kulaputto tasmiṃyeva thullakoṭṭhike aggakulassa putto tissaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti. Atha kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa etadahosi – ‘‘yathā yathā khvāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi , nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya’’nti. Atha kho thullakoṭṭhikā brāhmaṇagahapatikā bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassitā samādapitā samuttejitā sampahaṃsitā bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkamiṃsu. Atha kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto acirapakkantesu thullakoṭṭhikesu brāhmaṇagahapatikesu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yathā yathāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ. Icchāmahaṃ, bhante, kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampadaṃ. Pabbājetu maṃ bhagavā’’ti . ‘‘Anuññātosi pana tvaṃ, raṭṭhapāla, mātāpitūhi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti? ‘‘Na khohaṃ, bhante, anuññāto mātāpitūhi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti. ‘‘Na kho, raṭṭhapāla, tathāgatā ananuññātaṃ mātāpitūhi puttaṃ pabbājentī’’ti. ‘‘Svāhaṃ, bhante, tathā karissāmi yathā maṃ mātāpitaro anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti.
295于是,族姓子赖吒和罗从座位起身,礼敬世尊,右绕之后,就去见他的父母。到了之后,他这样对父母说:‘爸爸、妈妈,就我理解的世尊所说的法来说,一个住在家的人,要过那种绝对圆满、绝对清净、像磨光的贝壳一样纯粹的梵行,是不容易的。我想剃除须发,穿上袈裟,从有家出去,过没有家的生活。请允许我从有家出去,过没有家的生活吧。’这样说的时候,族姓子赖吒和罗的父母就对族姓子赖吒和罗说:‘亲爱的赖吒和罗,你是我们的独子,我们心爱的、合意的,在快乐中养育、在快乐中长大的人。亲爱的赖吒和罗,你不知道任何痛苦。就算你死了,我们都会不情愿地与你分离。更何况,我们怎么会在你还活着的时候,允许你从有家出去,过没有家的生活呢?’第二次,族姓子赖吒和罗……第三次,族姓子赖吒和罗又对父母说:‘爸爸、妈妈,就我理解的世尊所说的法来说,一个住在家的人,要过那种绝对圆满、绝对清净、像磨光的贝壳一样纯粹的梵行,是不容易的。我想剃除须发,穿上袈裟,从有家出去,过没有家的生活。请允许我从有家出去,过没有家的生活吧。’第三次,族姓子赖吒和罗的父母仍然对族姓子赖吒和罗说:‘亲爱的赖吒和罗,你是我们的独子,我们心爱的、合意的,在快乐中养育、在快乐中长大的人。亲爱的赖吒和罗,你不知道任何痛苦。就算你死了,我们都会不情愿地与你分离。更何况,我们怎么会在你还活着的时候,允许你从有家出去,过没有家的生活呢?’
Atha kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā yena mātāpitaro tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā mātāpitaro etadavoca – ‘‘ammatātā, yathā yathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ. Icchāmahaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Anujānātha maṃ agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘tvaṃ khosi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, amhākaṃ ekaputtako piyo manāpo sukhedhito sukhaparibhato . Na tvaṃ, tāta raṭṭhapāla , kassaci dukkhassa jānāsi. Maraṇenapi te mayaṃ akāmakā vinā bhavissāma. Kiṃ pana mayaṃ taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissāma agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti? Dutiyampi kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto…pe… tatiyampi kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto mātāpitaro etadavoca – ‘‘ammatātā, yathā yathāhaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmi, nayidaṃ sukaraṃ agāraṃ ajjhāvasatā ekantaparipuṇṇaṃ ekantaparisuddhaṃ saṅkhalikhitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carituṃ. Icchāmahaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajituṃ. Anujānātha maṃ agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti. Tatiyampi kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘tvaṃ khosi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, amhākaṃ ekaputtako piyo manāpo sukhedhito sukhaparibhato. Na tvaṃ, tāta raṭṭhapāla, kassaci dukkhassa jānāsi. Maraṇenapi te mayaṃ akāmakā vinā bhavissāma. Kiṃ pana mayaṃ taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissāma agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti?
296于是,族姓子赖吒和罗心想:‘父母不允许我从有家出去,过没有家的生活。’他就在那块没有遮挡的地上躺了下来,心想:‘我要么就在这里死掉,要么就出家。’那时,族姓子赖吒和罗一顿饭也不吃,两顿饭也不吃,三顿饭也不吃,四顿饭也不吃,五顿饭也不吃,六顿饭也不吃,七顿饭也不吃。这时,族姓子赖吒和罗的父母对族姓子赖吒和罗说:‘亲爱的赖吒和罗,你是我们的独子,我们心爱的、合意的,在快乐中养育、在快乐中长大的人。亲爱的赖吒和罗,你不知道任何痛苦。就算你死了,我们都会不情愿地与你分离。更何况,我们怎么会在你还活着的时候,允许你从有家出去,过没有家的生活呢?你起来吧,亲爱的赖吒和罗,你吃吧,喝吧,享受吧;你在吃、喝、享受、受用感官欲乐、做功德的同时,高兴地生活吧。我们不允许你从有家出去,过没有家的生活。就算你死了,我们都会不情愿地与你分离。更何况,我们怎么会在你还活着的时候,允许你从有家出去,过没有家的生活呢?’这样说的时候,族姓子赖吒和罗默不作声。第二次,族姓子赖吒和罗的父母又这样对他说……第二次,族姓子赖吒和罗依然默不作声。第三次,族姓子赖吒和罗的父母又这样对他说:‘亲爱的赖吒和罗,你是我们的独子,我们心爱的、合意的,在快乐中养育、在快乐中长大的人。亲爱的赖吒和罗,你不知道任何痛苦。就算你死了,我们都会不情愿地与你分离。更何况,我们怎么会在你还活着的时候,允许你从有家出去,过没有家的生活呢?你起来吧,亲爱的赖吒和罗,你吃吧,喝吧,享受吧;你在吃、喝、享受、受用感官欲乐、做功德的同时,高兴地生活吧。我们不允许你从有家出去,过没有家的生活。就算你死了,我们都会不情愿地与你分离。更何况,我们怎么会在你还活着的时候,允许你从有家出去,过没有家的生活呢?’第三次,族姓子赖吒和罗依然默不作声。
Atha kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto – ‘‘na maṃ mātāpitaro anujānanti agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti tattheva anantarahitāya bhūmiyā nipajji – ‘‘idheva me maraṇaṃ bhavissati pabbajjā vā’’ti. Atha kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto ekampi bhattaṃ na bhuñji, dvepi bhattāni na bhuñji, tīṇipi bhattāni na bhuñji, cattāripi bhattāni na bhuñji, pañcapi bhattāni na bhuñji, chapi bhattāni na bhuñji, sattapi bhattāni na bhuñji. Atha kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘tvaṃ khosi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, amhākaṃ ekaputtako piyo manāpo sukhedhito sukhaparibhato. Na tvaṃ, tāta raṭṭhapāla, kassaci, dukkhassa jānāsi . Maraṇenapi te mayaṃ akāmakā vinā bhavissāma. Kiṃ pana mayaṃ taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissāma agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya. Uṭṭhehi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, bhuñja ca piva ca paricārehi ca; bhuñjanto pivanto paricārento kāme paribhuñjanto puññāni karonto abhiramassu. Na taṃ mayaṃ anujānāma agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya . Maraṇenapi te mayaṃ akāmakā vinā bhavissāma. Kiṃ pana mayaṃ taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissāma agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti? Evaṃ vutte, raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tuṇhī ahosi. Dutiyampi kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ…pe… dutiyampi kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tuṇhī ahosi. Tatiyampi kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘tvaṃ khosi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, amhākaṃ ekaputtako piyo manāpo sukhedhito sukhaparibhato. Na tvaṃ, tāta raṭṭhapāla, kassaci dukkhassa jānāsi. Maraṇenapi te mayaṃ akāmakā vinā bhavissāma, kiṃ pana mayaṃ taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissāma agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya. Uṭṭhehi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, bhuñja ca piva ca paricārehi ca; bhuñjanto pivanto paricārento kāme paribhuñjanto puññāni karonto abhiramassu. Na taṃ mayaṃ anujānāma agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya. Maraṇenapi te mayaṃ akāmakā vinā bhavissāma . Kiṃ pana mayaṃ taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissāma agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti? Tatiyampi kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tuṇhī ahosi.
297那时,族姓子赖吒和罗的朋友们去见族姓子赖吒和罗。到了之后,他们对族姓子赖吒和罗说:‘亲爱的赖吒和罗,你是你父母的独子,心爱的、合意的,在快乐中养育、在快乐中长大的人。亲爱的赖吒和罗,你不知道任何痛苦。就算你死了,你的父母都会不情愿地与你分离。更何况,他们怎么会在你还活着的时候,允许你从有家出去,过没有家的生活呢?你起来吧,亲爱的赖吒和罗,你吃吧,喝吧,享受吧;你在吃、喝、享受、受用感官欲乐、做功德的同时,高兴地生活吧。你的父母不会允许你从有家出去,过没有家的生活的。就算你死了,你的父母都会不情愿地与你分离。更何况,他们怎么会在你还活着的时候,允许你从有家出去,过没有家的生活呢?’这样说的时候,族姓子赖吒和罗默不作声。第二次……第三次,族姓子赖吒和罗的朋友们又对族姓子赖吒和罗说:‘亲爱的赖吒和罗,你是你父母的独子,心爱的、合意的,在快乐中养育、在快乐中长大的人。亲爱的赖吒和罗,你不知道任何痛苦。就算你死了,你的父母都会不情愿地与你分离。更何况,他们怎么会在你还活着的时候,允许你从有家出去,过没有家的生活呢?你起来吧,亲爱的赖吒和罗,你吃吧,喝吧,享受吧;你在吃、喝、享受、受用感官欲乐、做功德的同时,高兴地生活吧。你的父母不会允许你从有家出去,过没有家的生活的。就算你死了,你的父母都会不情愿地与你分离。更何况,他们怎么会在你还活着的时候,允许你从有家出去,过没有家的生活呢?’第三次,族姓子赖吒和罗依然默不作声。
Atha kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa sahāyakā yena raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘tvaṃ khosi , samma raṭṭhapāla, mātāpitūnaṃ ekaputtako piyo manāpo sukhedhito sukhaparibhato. Na tvaṃ, samma raṭṭhapāla, kassaci dukkhassa jānāsi. Maraṇenapi te mātāpitaro akāmakā vinā bhavissanti. Kiṃ pana te taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya. Uṭṭhehi, samma raṭṭhapāla, bhuñja ca piva ca paricārehi ca; bhuñjanto pivanto paricārento kāme paribhuñjanto puññāni karonto abhiramassu. Na taṃ mātāpitaro anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya. Maraṇenapi te mātāpitaro akāmakā vinā bhavissanti. Kiṃ pana te taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti? Evaṃ vutte, raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tuṇhī ahosi. Dutiyampi kho… tatiyampi kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa sahāyakā raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘tvaṃ khosi, samma raṭṭhapāla, mātāpitūnaṃ ekaputtako piyo manāpo sukhedhito sukhaparibhato, na tvaṃ, samma raṭṭhapāla, kassaci dukkhassa jānāsi, maraṇenapi te mātāpitaro akāmakā vinā bhavissanti. Kiṃ pana te taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya? Uṭṭhehi, samma raṭṭhapāla, bhuñja ca piva ca paricārehi ca, bhuñjanto pivanto paricārento kāme paribhuñjanto puññāni karonto abhiramassu. Na taṃ mātāpitaro anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya, maraṇenapi te mātāpitaro akāmakā vinā bhavissanti. Kiṃ pana te taṃ jīvantaṃ anujānissanti agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti? Tatiyampi kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tuṇhī ahosi.
298那时,族姓子赖吒和罗的朋友们就去见族姓子赖吒和罗的父母。到了之后,他们对族姓子赖吒和罗的父母说:‘伯父、伯母,这位族姓子赖吒和罗就躺在那块没有遮挡的地上,心想:“我要么就在这里死掉,要么就出家。”如果你们不允许族姓子赖吒和罗从有家出去,过没有家的生活,他就会在那里等死。但是如果你们允许族姓子赖吒和罗从有家出去,过没有家的生活,就算他出家了,你们还是能见到他。假如族姓子赖吒和罗不喜欢从有家出去过没有家的生活,他还能有什么别的去处呢?他自然会回到这里。请允许族姓子赖吒和罗从有家出去,过没有家的生活吧。’‘好吧,侄儿们,我们允许族姓子赖吒和罗从有家出去,过没有家的生活。但是,他出家后,还得来见一下父母。’于是,族姓子赖吒和罗的朋友们就去见族姓子赖吒和罗。到了之后,他们对族姓子赖吒和罗说:‘起来吧,亲爱的赖吒和罗,你得到父母的允许了,可以从有家出去,过没有家的生活。但是,你出家后,还得去见一下父母。’
Atha kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa sahāyakā yena raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa mātāpitaro etadavocuṃ – ‘‘ammatātā, eso raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tattheva anantarahitāya bhūmiyā nipanno – ‘idheva me maraṇaṃ bhavissati pabbajjā vā’ti. Sace tumhe raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ nānujānissatha agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya, tattheva maraṇaṃ āgamissati. Sace pana tumhe raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ anujānissatha agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya, pabbajitampi naṃ dakkhissatha. Sace raṭṭhapālo kulaputto nābhiramissati agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya, kā tassa aññā gati bhavissati? Idheva paccāgamissati. Anujānātha raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāyā’’ti. ‘‘Anujānāma, tātā, raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya. Pabbajitena ca pana mātāpitaro uddassetabbā’’ti. Atha kho raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa sahāyakā yena raṭṭhapālo kulaputto tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā raṭṭhapālaṃ kulaputtaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘uṭṭhehi, samma raṭṭhapāla , anuññātosi mātāpitūhi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya. Pabbajitena ca pana te mātāpitaro uddassetabbā’’ti.
299那时候,族姓子赖吒和罗站起身,积蓄力量后,便前往世尊那里。到了之后,他礼敬世尊,然后坐在一边。坐在一边后,族姓子赖吒和罗对世尊这样说:“尊师,我已得到父母的允许,可以从在家生活中出家,过无家生活了。请世尊度我出家吧。”族姓子赖吒和罗得以在世尊座下出家,得以受具足戒。那时,世尊在赖吒和罗尊者受具足戒后不久,也就是他受戒半个月时,在土喇果帝咖随心所欲地住了一段时间后,便向舍卫城方向游行去了。一路次第游行,便抵达了舍卫城。在那里,世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。而赖吒和罗尊者,独自一人,远离人群,不放逸、勤奋、下定决心地修行,不久之后,便为了那个目标——族姓子们正确地离开在家生活而出家,是为了达到那无上的、梵行的最终目标——在现法中以智慧亲自体证、实现并安住。他彻底了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有此后有。’这样,赖吒和罗尊者就成了另一位阿拉汉。
Atha kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto uṭṭhahitvā balaṃ gāhetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘anuññāto ahaṃ, bhante, mātāpitūhi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya. Pabbājetu maṃ bhagavā’’ti. Alattha kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, alattha upasampadaṃ. Atha kho bhagavā acirūpasampanne āyasmante raṭṭhapāle aḍḍhamāsūpasampanne thullakoṭṭhike yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena sāvatthi tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena sāvatthi tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro kho panāyasmā raṭṭhapālo arahataṃ ahosi.
8于是,赖吒和罗尊者前往世尊那里。到了之后,他礼敬世尊,然后坐在一边。坐在一边后,赖吒和罗尊者对世尊这样说:“尊师,我想去见见我的父母,如果世尊您允许的话。”那时,世尊用自己的心,全面认真地思维了赖吒和罗尊者的心意。因为世尊了知:“族姓子赖吒和罗是不可能放弃修学,退堕到低位去的”,于是世尊对赖吒和罗尊者这样说:“赖吒和罗,你觉得是时候,就可以去做。”于是,赖吒和罗尊者从座位起身,礼敬世尊后,右绕作礼,收拾好坐具,拿着衣钵,向土喇果帝咖方向游行去了。一路次第游行,便抵达了土喇果帝咖。在那里,赖吒和罗尊者住在土喇果帝咖,拘牢婆王的鹿园。那时,在一个上午,赖吒和罗尊者穿好下衣,拿着衣钵,进入土喇果帝咖村去托钵。他在土喇果帝咖村次第挨家托钵,走到了自己父亲的家。那时,赖吒和罗尊者的父亲正在中间的门廊理发。赖吒和罗尊者的父亲看到赖吒和罗尊者从远处走来。看见之后,他这样说:“就是这些秃头沙门,把我的独生子,那个可爱可意的儿子给出家了。”于是,赖吒和罗尊者在自己的父亲家里,既没有得到布施,也没有得到明确的拒绝,反而只得到了辱骂。那时,赖吒和罗尊者的一位亲戚女仆,正打算把前一天的粥倒掉。于是,赖吒和罗尊者对那位亲戚女仆说:“大姐,如果那是该倒掉的东西,就倒在我这钵里吧。”那时,赖吒和罗尊者的亲戚女仆正在把那前一天的粥倒进赖吒和罗尊者的钵里时,她认出了他手、脚和声音的特征。
Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, bhante, mātāpitaro uddassetuṃ, sace maṃ bhagavā anujānātī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa cetasā ceto paricca manasākāsi. Yathā bhagavā aññāsi – ‘‘abhabbo kho raṭṭhapālo kulaputto sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattitu’’nti, atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yassadāni tvaṃ, raṭṭhapāla, kālaṃ maññasī’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena thullakoṭṭhikaṃ tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena thullakoṭṭhiko tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ āyasmā raṭṭhapālo thullakoṭṭhike viharati rañño korabyassa migacīre. Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya thullakoṭṭhikaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Thullakoṭṭhike sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya caramāno yena sakapitu nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā majjhimāya dvārasālāya ullikhāpeti. Addasā kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna etadavoca – ‘‘imehi muṇḍakehi samaṇakehi amhākaṃ ekaputtako piyo manāpo pabbājito’’ti . Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo sakapitu nivesane neva dānaṃ alattha na paccakkhānaṃ; aññadatthu akkosameva alattha. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa ñātidāsī ābhidosikaṃ kummāsaṃ chaḍḍetukāmā hoti. Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo taṃ ñātidāsiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sacetaṃ, bhagini, chaḍḍanīyadhammaṃ, idha me patte ākirā’’ti. Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa ñātidāsī taṃ ābhidosikaṃ kummāsaṃ āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa patte ākirantī hatthānañca pādānañca sarassa ca nimittaṃ aggahesi.
300那时,赖吒和罗尊者的那位亲戚女仆,便前往赖吒和罗尊者的母亲那里。到了之后,对赖吒和罗尊者的母亲这样说:“女主人,您知道吗?您的儿子赖吒和罗少爷回来了。”她说:“如果你说的是真的,我就给你自由。”于是,赖吒和罗尊者的母亲便前往赖吒和罗尊者的父亲那里。到了之后,对赖吒和罗尊者的父亲这样说:“当家的,你知道吗?听说族姓子赖吒和罗回来了!”而那时,赖吒和罗尊者正靠着某面墙壁,在吃那前一天的粥。于是,赖吒和罗尊者的父亲便前往赖吒和罗尊者那里。到了之后,对赖吒和罗尊者这样说:“我的孩子赖吒和罗,你竟然在吃过夜的粥吗?我的孩子赖吒和罗,难道不应该回自己家去吗?”“居士,从在家出来、过无家生活的我们,哪里还有自己的家呢?居士,我们是无家者了。居士,我去过你家了,在那里,我既没有得到布施,也没有得到明确的拒绝,反而只得到了辱骂。”“来吧,我的孩子赖吒和罗,我们回家吧。”“够了,居士,我今天的饮食之事已经完成了。”“那么,我的孩子赖吒和罗,请您答应明天的午餐吧。”赖吒和罗尊者以沉默的方式答应了。那时,赖吒和罗尊者的父亲,知道了赖吒和罗尊者已经答应后,便回到了自己的住处。到了之后,他让人堆起一大堆金银财宝,用席子盖住,然后对赖吒和罗尊者从前的妻子们吩咐道:“来吧,你们这些媳妇,哪套装饰打扮,是你们以前打扮起来时,族姓子赖吒和罗喜爱和中意的,现在就用那套装饰打扮起来。”
Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa ñātidāsī yenāyasmato raṭṭhapālassa mātā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa mātaraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yaggheyye, jāneyyāsi – ‘ayyaputto raṭṭhapālo anuppatto’’’ti. ‘‘Sace, je, saccaṃ bhaṇasi, adāsiṃ taṃ karomī’’ti . Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa mātā yenāyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitaraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yagghe, gahapati, jāneyyāsi – ‘raṭṭhapālo kira kulaputto anuppatto’’’ti? Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā raṭṭhapālo taṃ ābhidosikaṃ kummāsaṃ aññataraṃ kuṭṭamūlaṃ nissāya paribhuñjati. Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā yenāyasmā raṭṭhapālo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi nāma, tāta raṭṭhapāla, ābhidosikaṃ kummāsaṃ paribhuñjissasi? Nanu, tāta raṭṭhapāla, sakaṃ gehaṃ gantabba’’nti? ‘‘Kuto no, gahapati, amhākaṃ gehaṃ agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitānaṃ? Anagārā mayaṃ, gahapati. Agamamha kho te, gahapati, gehaṃ, tattha neva dānaṃ alatthamha na paccakkhānaṃ; aññadatthu akkosameva alatthamhā’’ti. ‘‘Ehi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, gharaṃ gamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Alaṃ, gahapati, kataṃ me ajja bhattakiccaṃ’’. ‘‘Tena hi, tāta raṭṭhapāla, adhivāsehi svātanāya bhatta’’nti. Adhivāsesi kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa adhivāsanaṃ viditvā yena sakaṃ nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā mahantaṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇassa puñjaṃ kārāpetvā kilañjehi paṭicchādetvā āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa purāṇadutiyikā āmantesi – ‘‘etha tumhe, vadhuyo, yena alaṅkārena alaṅkatā pubbe raṭṭhapālassa kulaputtassa piyā hotha manāpā tena alaṅkārena alaṅkarothā’’ti.
301于是,赖吒和罗尊者的父亲,在那夜过后,在自己的住处,让人准备了丰盛的可嚼食和可吃食,然后告知赖吒和罗尊者时间到了:“时间到了,我的孩子赖吒和罗,饭食已经准备好了。”那时,赖吒和罗尊者在上午,穿好下衣,拿着衣钵,前往自己父亲的住处。到了之后,在铺设好的座位上坐下。那时,赖吒和罗尊者的父亲便让人揭开那堆金银财宝,对赖吒和罗尊者这样说:“我的孩子赖吒和罗,这是从你母系那边来的财富,另外的是父系的,另外的是祖父系的。我的孩子赖吒和罗,既能够享福,又能够做功德,这是可以兼顾的。来吧,我的孩子赖吒和罗,你还俗吧,去享福,也去做功德吧。”“居士,如果你肯听我的话,你把这堆金银财宝装上车子运出去,然后倾倒在恒河的河中央吧。这是什么原因呢?居士,因为以此(财富)为缘,你会生起忧愁、悲伤、苦痛、忧恼、绝望的。”“少爷,您是为了怎样的天女,才去修梵行的呀?她们到底什么样?”赖吒和罗尊者从前的妻子们,一个个抱住他的脚,这样问道。“姐妹们,我们不是为了天女才修梵行的。”“我们的赖吒和罗少爷管我们叫‘姐妹’了!”她们说完,当时就昏倒在地。于是,赖吒和罗尊者对父亲说:“居士,如果要供养食物,就供养吧;请别给我们制造困扰了。”“吃吧,我的孩子赖吒和罗,饭食已经准备好了。”于是,赖吒和罗尊者的父亲,亲手以丰盛的可嚼食和可吃食,使赖吒和罗尊者吃饱喝足,直到他满意为止。
Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā tassā rattiyā accayena sake nivesane paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa kālaṃ ārocesi – ‘‘kālo, tāta raṭṭhapāla, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena sakapitu nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā taṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇassa puñjaṃ vivarāpetvā āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idaṃ te, tāta raṭṭhapāla, mātu mattikaṃ dhanaṃ, aññaṃ pettikaṃ, aññaṃ pitāmahaṃ. Sakkā, tāta raṭṭhapāla, bhoge ca bhuñjituṃ puññāni ca kātuṃ. Ehi tvaṃ, tāta raṭṭhapāla , hīnāyāvattitvā bhoge ca bhuñjassu puññāni ca karohī’’ti. ‘‘Sace me tvaṃ, gahapati, vacanaṃ kareyyāsi, imaṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇassa puñjaṃ sakaṭe āropetvā nibbāhāpetvā majjhegaṅgāya nadiyā sote opilāpeyyāsi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ye uppajjissanti hi te, gahapati, tatonidānaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā’’ti. Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa purāṇadutiyikā paccekaṃ pādesu gahetvā āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘kīdisā nāma tā, ayyaputta, accharāyo yāsaṃ tvaṃ hetu brahmacariyaṃ carasī’’ti? ‘‘Na kho mayaṃ, bhaginī, accharānaṃ hetu brahmacariyaṃ carāmā’’ti. ‘‘Bhaginivādena no ayyaputto raṭṭhapālo samudācaratī’’ti tā tattheva mucchitā papatiṃsu. Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo pitaraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sace, gahapati, bhojanaṃ dātabbaṃ, detha; mā no viheṭhethā’’ti. ‘‘Bhuñja, tāta raṭṭhapāla, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi.
302那时,赖吒和罗尊者吃完饭,手已经离开缽,就站着说了这些偈颂:
Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo bhuttāvī onītapattapāṇī ṭhitakova imā gāthā abhāsi –
12“请看这被精心装饰的躯体,不过是一具满是疮痍、支撑起来的形像;
‘‘Passa cittīkataṃ bimbaṃ, arukāyaṃ samussitaṃ;
13这身体多病又多妄想,没有恒常的安住。
Āturaṃ bahusaṅkappaṃ, yassa natthi dhuvaṃ ṭhiti.
14你看那用宝石和耳环打扮得光鲜的色身,
‘‘Passa cittīkataṃ rūpaṃ, maṇinā kuṇḍalena ca;
15只是骨架蒙上皮,再配上衣服就显得好看。
Aṭṭhi tacena onaddhaṃ, saha vatthebhi sobhati.
16双脚涂着虫胶红,脸上抹着香粉,
‘‘Alattakakatā pādā, mukhaṃ cuṇṇakamakkhitaṃ;
17这足够让愚人迷惑,却无法动摇求渡彼岸者。
Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino.
18头发编成八瓣辫,眼睛描上黑眼膏。
‘‘Aṭṭhāpadakatā kesā, nettā añjanamakkhitā;
19这足以让愚者迷惑,却非求渡者之意。
Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino.
20犹如新画的彩绘,腐烂的身躯被打扮得光鲜;
‘‘Añjanīva navā cittā, pūtikāyo alaṅkato;
21这足以让愚者迷惑,却非求渡者之意。
Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino.
22猎人布下陷阱,鹿儿不靠近那个机关;
‘‘Odahi migavo pāsaṃ, nāsadā vākaraṃ migo;
23吃过了诱饵我们便离去,任凭捕鹿人在那儿哭泣。
Bhutvā nivāpaṃ gacchāma , kandante migabandhake’’ti.
24那时,尊者赖吒和罗就站在原地说了这些偈颂,之后便往拘牢婆王的鹿园走去。到了那里,他在一棵树下坐下来度过白天。
Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo ṭhitakova imā gāthā bhāsitvā yena rañño korabyassa migacīraṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi.
303那时,拘牢婆王对猎师说:“伙计猎师,把猎场那片游乐地整理好,我们去看一看好地方。”“是,大王。”猎师答应了拘牢婆王,在整理猎场的时候,看到赖吒和罗尊者正坐在一棵树下作日间的静修。看见之后,他就去到拘牢婆王那里,到了之后,对拘牢婆王这样说:“大王,猎场已经整理干净了。不过这里有一位叫赖吒和罗的族姓子,就是土喇果帝咖这里最显赫家族的儿子,您过去常常称赞的那一位,他正坐在一棵树下作日间的静修。”“既然这样,伙计猎师,今天就不用去游乐地了,我们现在就去拜访那位赖吒和罗尊者吧。”于是拘牢婆王说:“把那里准备的种种嚼食、噉食都撤掉。”然后下令套好一辆又一辆精致华丽的车乘,自己登上一辆华丽的车,带着一辆又一辆华丽的车乘,以盛大的王威,从土喇果帝咖出发,去见赖吒和罗尊者。乘车到了车子所能通行的地方,便从车上下来,带着众多随从,一群人徒步走向赖吒和罗尊者。走到跟前,与赖吒和罗尊者亲切地互相问候,寒暄一番之后,站在一边。站在一边的拘牢婆王对赖吒和罗尊者这样说:“尊者赖吒和罗,请坐在这块象皮垫上吧。”“不用了,大王,您请坐,我已经坐在自己的座位上了。”拘牢婆王就在铺设的座位上坐了下来。入座之后,拘牢婆王便对赖吒和罗尊者这样说:
Atha kho rājā korabyo migavaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘sodhehi, samma migava, migacīraṃ uyyānabhūmiṃ; gacchāma subhūmiṃ dassanāyā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, devā’’ti kho migavo rañño korabyassa paṭissutvā migacīraṃ sodhento addasa āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisinnaṃ. Disvāna yena rājā korabyo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā rājānaṃ korabyaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘suddhaṃ kho te, deva, migacīraṃ. Atthi cettha raṭṭhapālo nāma kulaputto imasmiṃyeva thullakoṭṭhike aggakulassa putto yassa tvaṃ abhiṇhaṃ kittayamāno ahosi, so aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisinno’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, samma migava, alaṃ dānajja uyyānabhūmiyā. Tameva dāni mayaṃ bhavantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ payirupāsissāmā’’ti. Atha kho rājā korabyo ‘‘yaṃ tattha khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyattaṃ taṃ sabbaṃ vissajjethā’’ti vatvā bhadrāni bhadrāni yānāni yojāpetvā bhadraṃ yānaṃ abhiruhitvā bhadrehi bhadrehi yānehi thullakoṭṭhikamhā niyyāsi mahaccarājānubhāvena āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ dassanāya. Yāvatikā yānassa bhūmi yānena gantvā yānā paccorohitvā pattikova ussaṭāya ussaṭāya parisāya yenāyasmā raṭṭhapālo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā raṭṭhapālena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho rājā korabyo āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idha bhavaṃ raṭṭhapāla hatthatthare nisīdatū’’ti. ‘‘Alaṃ, mahārāja, nisīda tvaṃ; nisinno ahaṃ sake āsane’’ti. Nisīdi rājā korabyo paññatte āsane. Nisajja kho rājā korabyo āyasmantaṃ raṭṭhapālaṃ etadavoca –
304“赖吒和罗先生,有这四种衰损。一些人正是因为具足了这些衰损,才剃除须发,穿上袈裟衣,从在家而出家的。哪四种呢?衰老的衰损、疾病的衰损、财富的衰损、亲属的衰损。赖吒和罗先生,什么是衰老的衰损呢?这里,赖吒和罗先生,有人老了,衰迈了,年寿已高,已到生命的晚年。他这样思惟:‘我现在已经老了,衰迈了,年寿已高,已到生命的晚年。对我来说,想要获得未得的财富,或者令已得的财富增长,是不容易的事了。不如我剃除须发,穿上袈裟衣,从在家而出家吧。’他就这样因为具足了这个衰老的衰损,剃除须发,穿上袈裟衣,从在家而出家。赖吒和罗先生,这就叫做衰老的衰损。可是赖吒和罗尊者您现在还年轻,正是青春年少,头发乌黑,具有美好的青春,正值人生的第一阶段。赖吒和罗尊者您并没有这种衰老的衰损。您是知道了什么、看见了什么,还是听到了什么,才从在家而出家的呢?
‘‘Cattārimāni, bho raṭṭhapāla, pārijuññāni yehi pārijuññehi samannāgatā idhekacce kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti. Katamāni cattāri? Jarāpārijuññaṃ, byādhipārijuññaṃ, bhogapārijuññaṃ, ñātipārijuññaṃ. Katamañca, bho raṭṭhapāla, jarāpārijuññaṃ? Idha, bho raṭṭhapāla , ekacco jiṇṇo hoti vuḍḍho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ahaṃ khomhi etarahi jiṇṇo vuḍḍho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto. Na kho pana mayā sukaraṃ anadhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ adhigantuṃ adhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ phātiṃ kātuṃ . Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya’nti. So tena jarāpārijuññena samannāgato kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati. Idaṃ vuccati, bho raṭṭhapāla, jarāpārijuññaṃ. Bhavaṃ kho pana raṭṭhapālo etarahi daharo yuvā susukāḷakeso bhadrena yobbanena samannāgato paṭhamena vayasā. Taṃ bhoto raṭṭhapālassa jarāpārijuññaṃ natthi. Kiṃ bhavaṃ raṭṭhapālo ñatvā vā disvā vā sutvā vā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito?
27“赖吒和罗先生,什么是疾病的衰损呢?这里,赖吒和罗先生,有人多病、痛苦、患有重病。他这样思惟:‘我现在多病、痛苦、患有重病。对我来说,想要获得未得的财富,或者令已得的财富增长,是不容易的事了。不如我剃除须发,穿上袈裟衣,从在家而出家吧。’他就这样因为具足了这个疾病的衰损,剃除须发,穿上袈裟衣,从在家而出家。赖吒和罗先生,这就叫做疾病的衰损。可是赖吒和罗尊者您现在无病无患,消化功能良好,既不过于冷,也不过干热。赖吒和罗尊者您并没有这种疾病的衰损。您是知道了什么、看见了什么,还是听到了什么,才从在家而出家的呢?
‘‘Katamañca, bho raṭṭhapāla, byādhipārijuññaṃ? Idha, bho raṭṭhapāla, ekacco ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ahaṃ khomhi etarahi ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Na kho pana mayā sukaraṃ anadhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ adhigantuṃ adhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ phātiṃ kātuṃ . Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya’nti. So tena byādhipārijuññena samannāgato kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati. Idaṃ vuccati, bho raṭṭhapāla, byādhipārijuññaṃ. Bhavaṃ kho pana raṭṭhapālo etarahi appābādho appātaṅko samavepākiniyā gahaṇiyā samannāgato nātisītāya nāccuṇhāya. Taṃ bhoto raṭṭhapālassa byādhipārijuññaṃ natthi. Kiṃ bhavaṃ raṭṭhapālo ñatvā vā disvā vā sutvā vā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito?
28“赖吒和罗先生,什么是财富的衰损呢?这里,赖吒和罗先生,有人从前富有,拥有大财富、大资产。后来他的那些财富逐渐地损失殆尽。他这样思惟:‘我以前是富有的,拥有大财富、大资产。现在我的那些财富已经逐渐地损失殆尽。对我来说,想要获得未得的财富,或者令已得的财富增长,是不容易的事了。不如我剃除须发,穿上袈裟衣,从在家而出家吧。’他就这样因为具足了这个财富的衰损,剃除须发,穿上袈裟衣,从在家而出家。赖吒和罗先生,这就叫做财富的衰损。可是赖吒和罗尊者您本来就是这土喇果帝咖最显赫家族的儿子。赖吒和罗尊者您并没有这种财富的衰损。您是知道了什么、看见了什么,还是听到了什么,才从在家而出家的呢?
‘‘Katamañca , bho raṭṭhapāla, bhogapārijuññaṃ? Idha, bho raṭṭhapāla, ekacco aḍḍho hoti mahaddhano mahābhogo. Tassa te bhogā anupubbena parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ahaṃ kho pubbe aḍḍho ahosiṃ mahaddhano mahābhogo. Tassa me te bhogā anupubbena parikkhayaṃ gatā. Na kho pana mayā sukaraṃ anadhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ adhigantuṃ adhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ phātiṃ kātuṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya’nti. So tena bhogapārijuññena samannāgato kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati. Idaṃ vuccati, bho raṭṭhapāla, bhogapārijuññaṃ. Bhavaṃ kho pana raṭṭhapālo imasmiṃyeva thullakoṭṭhike aggakulassa putto. Taṃ bhoto raṭṭhapālassa bhogapārijuññaṃ natthi. Kiṃ bhavaṃ raṭṭhapālo ñatvā vā disvā vā sutvā vā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito?
29“赖吒和罗先生,什么是亲属的衰损呢?这里,赖吒和罗先生,有人从前有很多朋友、同僚、血亲族人。后来他的那些亲属逐渐地零落殆尽。他这样思惟:‘我以前有很多朋友、同僚、血亲族人。现在我的那些亲属已经逐渐地零落殆尽。对我来说,想要获得未得的财富,或者令已得的财富增长,是不容易的事了。不如我剃除须发,穿上袈裟衣,从在家而出家吧。’他就这样因为具足了这个亲属的衰损,剃除须发,穿上袈裟衣,从在家而出家。赖吒和罗先生,这就叫做亲属的衰损。可是赖吒和罗尊者您在这土喇果帝咖还有很多的朋友、同僚、血亲族人。赖吒和罗尊者您并没有这种亲属的衰损。您是知道了什么、看见了什么,还是听到了什么,才从在家而出家的呢?
‘‘Katamañca , bho raṭṭhapāla, ñātipārijuññaṃ? Idha, bho raṭṭhapāla, ekaccassa bahū honti mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā. Tassa te ñātakā anupubbena parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘mamaṃ kho pubbe bahū ahesuṃ mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā. Tassa me te anupubbena parikkhayaṃ gatā. Na kho pana mayā sukaraṃ anadhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ adhigantuṃ adhigataṃ vā bhogaṃ phātiṃ kātuṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajeyya’nti. So tena ñātipārijuññena samannāgato kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajati. Idaṃ vuccati, bho raṭṭhapāla, ñātipārijuññaṃ. Bhoto kho pana raṭṭhapālassa imasmiṃyeva thullakoṭṭhike bahū mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā. Taṃ bhoto raṭṭhapālassa ñātipārijuññaṃ natthi. Kiṃ bhavaṃ raṭṭhapālo ñatvā vā disvā vā sutvā vā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito?
30“赖吒和罗先生,这就是四种衰损。一些人正是因为具足了这些衰损,才剃除须发,穿上袈裟衣,从在家而出家的。可是赖吒和罗尊者您并没有这些衰损。您是知道了什么、看见了什么,还是听到了什么,才从在家而出家的呢?”
‘‘Imāni kho, bho raṭṭhapāla, cattāri pārijuññāni, yehi pārijuññehi samannāgatā idhekacce kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti. Tāni bhoto raṭṭhapālassa natthi. Kiṃ bhavaṃ raṭṭhapālo ñatvā vā disvā vā sutvā vā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito’’ti?
305“大王,那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊,确实宣说了四个法义摘要。我正是了知它、见到它、听闻它之后,才从在家生活出家,过起无家的生活。哪四个呢?‘世间被老死所迫近,是不恒久的’——大王,这是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊宣说的第一个法义摘要,我正是了知它、见到它、听闻它之后,才从在家生活出家,过起无家的生活。‘世间没有保护者,没有主人’——大王,这是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊宣说的第二个法义摘要,我正是了知它、见到它、听闻它之后,才从在家生活出家,过起无家的生活。‘世间没有真正属于自己的东西,一切都要舍弃而去’——大王,这是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊宣说的第三个法义摘要,我正是了知它、见到它、听闻它之后,才从在家生活出家,过起无家的生活。‘世间是不足的、不满足的、渴爱的奴隶’——大王,这是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊宣说的第四个法义摘要,我正是了知它、见到它、听闻它之后,才从在家生活出家,过起无家的生活。大王,这就是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所宣说的四个法义摘要。我正是了知它、见到它、听闻它之后,才从在家生活出家,过起无家的生活。”
‘‘Atthi kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena cattāro dhammuddesā uddiṭṭhā, ye ahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā ca sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito. Katame cattāro? ‘Upaniyyati loko addhuvo’ti kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena paṭhamo dhammuddeso uddiṭṭho, yamahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito. ‘Atāṇo loko anabhissaro’ti kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena dutiyo dhammuddeso uddiṭṭho, yamahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito. ‘Assako loko, sabbaṃ pahāya gamanīya’nti kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena tatiyo dhammuddeso uddiṭṭho, yamahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito. ‘Ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso’ti kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena catuttho dhammuddeso uddiṭṭho, yamahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito. Ime kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena cattāro dhammuddesā uddiṭṭhā, ye ahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito’’ti.
306“‘世间被老死所迫近,是不恒久的’——尊者赖吒和罗这样说。赖吒和罗尊者,这句话的意思该怎么理解呢?”“大王,你觉得呢?你在二十来岁、二十五来岁的时候,是不是精通骑象、精通骑马、精通驾车、精通射箭、精通刀剑,大腿强壮、手臂有力,完全能胜任战场?”“赖吒和罗尊者,我二十来岁、二十五来岁的时候,确实精通骑象、精通骑马、精通驾车、精通射箭、精通刀剑,大腿强壮、手臂有力,完全能胜任战场。赖吒和罗尊者,有时候我甚至觉得自己有神通,都找不到力量和我不相上下的人。”“大王,你觉得呢?你现在还是那样大腿强壮、手臂有力,完全能胜任战场吗?”“不是了,赖吒和罗尊者。现在老了、衰了、年纪大了、时日已过、到了生命的最后阶段,我已经八十岁了。赖吒和罗尊者,有时候我心想‘我要把脚放在这里’,结果却把脚放在了别的地方。”“大王,这正是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所指而说的——‘世间被老死所迫近,是不恒久的’。我正是了知它、见到它、听闻它之后,才从在家生活出家,过起无家的生活。”“真是稀有,赖吒和罗尊者!真是不可思议,赖吒和罗尊者!那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所说的这句话——‘世间被老死所迫近,是不恒久的’,说得太好了。赖吒和罗尊者,世间确实被老死所迫近,是不恒久的。”
‘‘‘Upaniyyati loko addhuvo’ti – bhavaṃ raṭṭhapālo āha. Imassa , bho raṭṭhapāla, bhāsitassa kathaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo’’ti? ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, tvaṃ vīsativassuddesikopi paṇṇavīsativassuddesikopi hatthismimpi katāvī assasmimpi katāvī rathasmimpi katāvī dhanusmimpi katāvī tharusmimpi katāvī ūrubalī bāhubalī alamatto saṅgāmāvacaro’’ti? ‘‘Ahosiṃ ahaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, vīsativassuddesikopi paṇṇavīsativassuddesikopi hatthismimpi katāvī assasmimpi katāvī rathasmimpi katāvī dhanusmimpi katāvī tharusmimpi katāvī ūrubalī bāhubalī alamatto saṅgāmāvacaro. Appekadāhaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, iddhimāva maññe na attano balena samasamaṃ samanupassāmī’’ti. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, evameva tvaṃ etarahi ūrubalī bāhubalī alamatto saṅgāmāvacaro’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla. Etarahi jiṇṇo vuḍḍho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto āsītiko me vayo vattati. Appekadāhaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, ‘idha pādaṃ karissāmī’ti aññeneva pādaṃ karomī’’ti. ‘‘Idaṃ kho taṃ, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘upaniyyati loko addhuvo’ti, yamahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito’’ti. ‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, abbhutaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena – ‘upaniyyati loko addhuvo’ti. Upaniyyati hi , bho raṭṭhapāla, loko addhuvo.
33“赖吒和罗尊者,我这个王族也有象军、马军、车军、步军,当我们遇到危难时,它们会为了保护我们而战斗。而你说‘世间没有保护者,没有主人’。赖吒和罗尊者,这句话的意思又该怎么理解呢?”“大王,你觉得呢?你有没有什么慢性的疾病?”“赖吒和罗尊者,我有慢性的疾病。有时候,赖吒和罗尊者,我的朋友、同僚、亲戚、血亲会围着我站着,心里想:‘拘牢婆王现在就要死了,拘牢婆王现在就要死了。’”“大王,你觉得呢?你能不能让那些朋友、同僚、亲戚、血亲过来,说:‘各位朋友、同僚、亲戚、血亲,都请过来,你们所有在场的人,一起来分担我这个痛苦的感觉,好让我感觉轻一点’?还是说,你只能自己一个人感受那个感觉?”“赖吒和罗尊者,我不能让那些朋友、同僚、亲戚、血亲过来,说:‘各位朋友、同僚、亲戚、血亲,都请过来,你们所有在场的人,一起来分担我这个痛苦的感觉,好让我感觉轻一点。’我只能自己一个人感受那个感觉。”“大王,这正是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所指而说的——‘世间没有保护者,没有主人’。我正是了知它、见到它、听闻它之后,才从在家生活出家,过起无家的生活。”“真是稀有,赖吒和罗尊者!真是不可思议,赖吒和罗尊者!那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所说的这句话——‘世间没有保护者,没有主人’,说得太好了。赖吒和罗尊者,世间确实没有保护者,没有主人。”
‘‘Saṃvijjante kho, bho raṭṭhapāla, imasmiṃ rājakule hatthikāyāpi assakāyāpi rathakāyāpi pattikāyāpi, amhākaṃ āpadāsu pariyodhāya vattissanti. ‘Atāṇo loko anabhissaro’ti – bhavaṃ raṭṭhapālo āha. Imassa pana, bho raṭṭhapāla, bhāsitassa kathaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo’’ti? ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, atthi te koci anusāyiko ābādho’’ti? ‘‘Atthi me, bho raṭṭhapāla, anusāyiko ābādho. Appekadā maṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā parivāretvā ṭhitā honti – ‘idāni rājā korabyo kālaṃ karissati, idāni rājā korabyo kālaṃ karissatī’’’ti. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, labhasi tvaṃ te mittāmacce ñātisālohite – ‘āyantu me bhonto mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā, sabbeva santā imaṃ vedanaṃ saṃvibhajatha, yathāhaṃ lahukatarikaṃ vedanaṃ vediyeyya’nti – udāhu tvaṃyeva taṃ vedanaṃ vediyasī’’ti? ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, labhāmi te mittāmacce ñātisālohite – ‘āyantu me bhonto mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā, sabbeva santā imaṃ vedanaṃ saṃvibhajatha, yathāhaṃ lahukatarikaṃ vedanaṃ vediyeyya’nti. Atha kho ahameva taṃ vedanaṃ vediyāmī’’ti. ‘‘Idaṃ kho taṃ, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘atāṇo loko anabhissaro’ti, yamahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito’’ti. ‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, abbhutaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena – ‘atāṇo loko anabhissaro’ti. Atāṇo hi, bho raṭṭhapāla, loko anabhissaro.
34“赖吒和罗尊者,我这个王族有大量的金银财宝,有的藏在地下,有的藏在楼上。而你说‘世间没有真正属于自己的东西,一切都要舍弃而去’。赖吒和罗尊者,这句话的意思又该怎么理解呢?”“大王,你觉得呢?你现在是这样,具足并享受着五种欲乐功德,你能否在来世也这样说:‘我同样具足并享受着这五种欲乐功德’?还是说,别人会接手这些财富,而你将随着你造的业而去?”“赖吒和罗尊者,我现在虽然具足并享受着五种欲乐功德,但我不能在来世也这样说:‘我同样具足并享受着这五种欲乐功德。’相反,别人会接手这些财富,而我将随着我造的业而去。”“大王,这正是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所指而说的——‘世间没有真正属于自己的东西,一切都要舍弃而去’。我正是了知它、见到它、听闻它之后,才从在家生活出家,过起无家的生活。”“真是稀有,赖吒和罗尊者!真是不可思议,赖吒和罗尊者!那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所说的这句话——‘世间没有真正属于自己的东西,一切都要舍弃而去’,说得太好了。赖吒和罗尊者,世间确实没有真正属于自己的东西,一切都要舍弃而去。”
‘‘Saṃvijjati kho, bho raṭṭhapāla, imasmiṃ rājakule pahūtaṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ bhūmigatañca vehāsagatañca. ‘Assako loko, sabbaṃ pahāya gamanīya’nti – bhavaṃ raṭṭhapālo āha. Imassa pana, bho raṭṭhapāla, bhāsitassa kathaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo’’ti? ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, yathā tvaṃ etarahi pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāresi, lacchasi tvaṃ paratthāpi – ‘evamevāhaṃ imeheva pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāremī’ti, udāhu aññe imaṃ bhogaṃ paṭipajjissanti, tvaṃ pana yathākammaṃ gamissasī’’ti? ‘‘Yathāhaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, etarahi pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāremi, nāhaṃ lacchāmi paratthāpi – ‘evameva imeheva pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāremī’ti. Atha kho aññe imaṃ bhogaṃ paṭipajjissanti; ahaṃ pana yathākammaṃ gamissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Idaṃ kho taṃ, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘assako loko, sabbaṃ pahāya gamanīya’nti, yamahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā ca sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito’’ti. ‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, abbhutaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena – ‘assako loko , sabbaṃ pahāya gamanīya’nti . Assako hi, bho raṭṭhapāla, loko sabbaṃ pahāya gamanīyaṃ.
35“‘世间是不足的、不满足的、渴爱的奴隶’——尊者赖吒和罗这样说。赖吒和罗尊者,这句话的意思又该怎么理解呢?”“大王,你觉得呢?你所居住的俱卢国是不是很繁荣?”“是的,赖吒和罗尊者,我所居住的俱卢国是很繁荣。”“大王,你觉得呢?假设这时从东方来了一个人,可信、可靠。他来见你,对你这样说:‘大王,你知道吗?我从东方来。在那里,我看见一个很大的国家,富裕又繁荣,人口众多,住满了人。那里有大量的象军、马军、车军、步军;那里有大量的钱财和谷物;那里有大量已加工和未加工的金银;那里有大量的女人供人享用。凭着现有的这些兵力,完全可以征服它。大王,去征服它吧!’你会怎么办?”“赖吒和罗尊者,那我也会去征服它,并住在那里。”“大王,你觉得呢?假设从西方来了一个人……从北方来了一个人……从南方来了一个人……从海的彼岸来了一个人,可信、可靠。他来见你,对你这样说:‘大王,你知道吗?我从海的彼岸来。在那里,我看见一个很大的国家,富裕又繁荣,人口众多,住满了人。那里有大量的象军、马军、车军、步军;那里有大量的钱财和谷物;那里有大量已加工和未加工的金银;那里有大量的女人供人享用。凭着现有的这些兵力,完全可以征服它。大王,去征服它吧!’你会怎么办?”“赖吒和罗尊者,那我也会去征服它,并住在那里。”“大王,这正是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所指而说的——‘世间是不足的、不满足的、渴爱的奴隶’。我正是了知它、见到它、听闻它之后,才从在家生活出家,过起无家的生活。”“真是稀有,赖吒和罗尊者!真是不可思议,赖吒和罗尊者!那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊所说的这句话——‘世间是不足的、不满足的、渴爱的奴隶’,说得太好了。赖吒和罗尊者,世间确实是不足的、不满足的、渴爱的奴隶。”
‘‘‘Ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso’ti – bhavaṃ raṭṭhapālo āha. Imassa, bho raṭṭhapāla, bhāsitassa kathaṃ attho daṭṭhabbo’’ti? ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, phītaṃ kuruṃ ajjhāvasasī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, phītaṃ kuruṃ ajjhāvasāmī’’ti. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, idha puriso āgaccheyya puratthimāya disāya saddhāyiko paccayiko. So taṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadeyya – ‘yagghe, mahārāja, jāneyyāsi, ahaṃ āgacchāmi puratthimāya disāya? Tatthaddasaṃ mahantaṃ janapadaṃ iddhañceva phītañca bahujanaṃ ākiṇṇamanussaṃ. Bahū tattha hatthikāyā assakāyā rathakāyā pattikāyā; bahu tattha dhanadhaññaṃ ; bahu tattha hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ akatañceva katañca; bahu tattha itthipariggaho. Sakkā ca tāvatakeneva balamattena abhivijinituṃ. Abhivijina, mahārājā’ti, kinti naṃ kareyyāsī’’ti? ‘‘Tampi mayaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, abhivijiya ajjhāvaseyyāmā’’ti. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mahārāja, idha puriso āgaccheyya pacchimāya disāya… uttarāya disāya… dakkhiṇāya disāya… parasamuddato saddhāyiko paccayiko. So taṃ upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ vadeyya – ‘yagghe, mahārāja, jāneyyāsi, ahaṃ āgacchāmi parasamuddato? Tatthaddasaṃ mahantaṃ janapadaṃ iddhañceva phītañca bahujanaṃ ākiṇṇamanussaṃ. Bahū tattha hatthikāyā assakāyā rathakāyā pattikāyā; bahu tattha dhanadhaññaṃ; bahu tattha hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ akatañceva katañca; bahu tattha itthipariggaho. Sakkā ca tāvatakeneva balamattena abhivijinituṃ. Abhivijina, mahārājā’ti, kinti naṃ kareyyāsī’’ti? ‘‘Tampi mayaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, abhivijiya ajjhāvaseyyāmā’’ti. ‘‘Idaṃ kho taṃ, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso’ti, yamahaṃ ñatvā ca disvā sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito’’ti. ‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla, abbhutaṃ, bho raṭṭhapāla! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena – ‘ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso’ti. Ūno hi, bho raṭṭhapāla, loko atitto taṇhādāso’’ti.
36尊者赖吒和罗说了这些。说完之后,他又进一步说了下面的话:
Idamavoca āyasmā raṭṭhapālo. Idaṃ vatvā athāparaṃ etadavoca –
307我看到世间那些拥有财富的人,
‘‘Passāmi loke sadhane manusse,
38得到了财富,却因愚痴而不肯布施;
Laddhāna vittaṃ na dadanti mohā;
39他们贪求财富,一再地积聚,
Luddhā dhanaṃ sannicayaṃ karonti,
40甚至还想得到更多的感官欲乐。
Bhiyyova kāme abhipatthayanti.
41那位国王凭借武力征服了大地,
‘‘Rājā pasayhā pathaviṃ vijitvā,
42统治着这片直到海边的大地而居住;
Sasāgarantaṃ mahimāvasanto ;
43在世间此岸还不满足,
Oraṃ samuddassa atittarūpo,
44又向往彼岸的世界。
Pāraṃ samuddassapi patthayetha.
45国王和许多其他人,
‘‘Rājā ca aññe ca bahū manussā,
46渴爱未断尽就走向死亡;
Avītataṇhā maraṇaṃ upenti;
47像总是缺乏似的丢弃身体,
Ūnāva hutvāna jahanti dehaṃ,
48世间欲乐中找不到满足。
Kāmehi lokamhi na hatthi titti.
49亲属们哭泣着,披散着头发,
‘‘Kandanti naṃ ñātī pakiriya kese,
50哀叹道:'哎呀,我们永别了!'
Ahovatā no amarāti cāhu;
51他们将他裹在布中抬出,
Vatthena naṃ pārutaṃ nīharitvā,
52堆好柴堆,就在那里将他火化。
Citaṃ samādāya tatoḍahanti.
53他就这样被木柴穿透焚烧,
‘‘So ḍayhati sūlehi tujjamāno,
54只穿着一件布衣,抛下了所有的财富。
Ekena vatthena pahāya bhoge;
55临终之人找不到庇护,
Na mīyamānassa bhavanti tāṇā,
56亲戚、朋友,或是伙伴也无能为力。
Ñātīdha mittā atha vā sahāyā.
57继承人们带走了他的财产,
‘‘Dāyādakā tassa dhanaṃ haranti,
58而众生只能随着自己的业力而去。
Satto pana gacchati yena kammaṃ;
59任何财物都跟随不了临死的人,
Na mīyamānaṃ dhanamanveti kiñci,
60儿子、妻子、财富和国土,一样都带不走。
Puttā ca dārā ca dhanañca raṭṭhaṃ.
61财富不能换来长寿,钱财也不能抵御衰老;
‘‘Na dīghamāyuṃ labhate dhanena, na cāpi vittena jaraṃ vihanti;
62智者说这生命短暂,无常,是变坏之法。
Appaṃ hidaṃ jīvitamāhu dhīrā, asassataṃ vippariṇāmadhammaṃ.
63富人与穷人都会经历感受,
‘‘Aḍḍhā daliddā ca phusanti phassaṃ,
64愚人与智者同样被感受所触及;
Bālo ca dhīro ca tatheva phuṭṭho;
65愚人因愚痴而像被击倒般躺着,
Bālo ca bālyā vadhitova seti,
66智者被感受触及却不颤抖。
Dhīro ca na vedhati phassaphuṭṭho.
67因此,智慧确实比财富更殊胜,
‘‘Tasmā hi paññāva dhanena seyyo,
68凭借智慧,今生就能证得究竟的止息;
Yāya vosānamidhādhigacchati;
69对种种生命境界都毫无执著,
Abyositattā hi bhavābhavesu,
70愚痴者却因无明而造作恶业。
Pāpāni kammāni karonti mohā.
71他进入母胎,也进入其他世间,
‘‘Upeti gabbhañca parañca lokaṃ,
72在轮回中辗转相续;
Saṃsāramāpajja paramparāya;
73那位有智慧之人对此深信不疑,
Tassappapañño abhisaddahanto,
74他前往母胎又去到另一个世界。
Upeti gabbhañca parañca lokaṃ.
75就像盗贼在作案时被抓住,
‘‘Coro yathā sandhimukhe gahito,
76做恶业之人被自己造的业所惩罚;
Sakammunā haññati pāpadhammo;
77同样地,众生死后在另一个世界,
Evaṃ pajā pecca paramhi loke,
78做恶业之人被自己造的业所惩罚。
Sakammunā haññati pāpadhammo.
79欲乐多彩、甜蜜、让人愉悦,
‘‘Kāmāhi citrā madhurā manoramā,
80用千姿百态搅动着心;
Virūparūpena mathenti cittaṃ;
81看到感官欲乐的过患后,
Ādīnavaṃ kāmaguṇesu disvā,
82因此我才出家,大王。
Tasmā ahaṃ pabbajitomhi rāja.
83人们就像树上的果实般掉落,
‘‘Dumapphalāneva patanti māṇavā,
84年轻也好,年老也好,身体都会崩解。
Daharā ca vuḍḍhā ca sarīrabhedā;
85大王,看到了这些,我才出家了,
Etampi disvā pabbajitomhi rāja,
86确定的沙门之道确实更好。”
Apaṇṇakaṃ sāmaññameva seyyo’’ti.
87赖吒和罗经完 第二
Raṭṭhapālasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dutiyaṃ.