MN 80 · 鞞摩那修经
278如是我闻：一时，世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时，游方者鞞摩那修来到世尊跟前，与世尊互致问候，谈说了亲切、令人欢喜的言辞后，站在一旁。站在一旁后，他在世尊面前感叹道：“这是最胜的色，这是最胜的色！”
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho vekhanaso paribbājako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho vekhanaso paribbājako bhagavato santike udānaṃ udānesi – ‘‘ayaṃ paramo vaṇṇo, ayaṃ paramo vaṇṇo’’ti.
2“迦旃延，你为何说：‘这是最胜的色，这是最胜的色’呢？迦旃延，那个最胜的色，究竟指什么？”
‘‘Kiṃ pana tvaṃ, kaccāna, evaṃ vadesi – ‘ayaṃ paramo vaṇṇo, ayaṃ paramo vaṇṇo’ti? Katamo, kaccāna, so paramo vaṇṇo’’ti?
3“乔达摩尊者，没有任何其他色比它更胜上、更微妙，因此它就是那最胜之色。”
‘‘Yasmā, bho gotama, vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthi so paramo vaṇṇo’’ti.
4“那么，迦旃延，你所说的那种色——没有任何其他色比它更优胜、更殊妙——究竟是什么色呢？”
‘‘Katamo pana so, kaccāna, vaṇṇo yasmā vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthī’’ti?
5“乔达摩尊者，没有任何其他色比它更胜上、更微妙，因此它就是那最胜之色。”
‘‘Yasmā, bho gotama, vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthi so paramo vaṇṇo’’ti.
6迦旃延，你这样说，恐怕可以拖上很久。你说：‘乔达摩尊者，既然没有任何其他色比它更优胜、更殊妙，那个就是最上的色。’但你却没有指明那是什么色。迦旃延，譬如有人这样说：‘我渴望、爱慕这个国度中最美的女子。’于是有人问他：‘你可知道那位国中美人是刹帝利女、婆罗门女、吠舍女，还是首陀罗女呢？’被这样问，他说：‘不知道。’又问他：‘你可知道那位国中美人的名字是什么？家族是什么？她是高、是矮，还是中等？肤色是黝黑、是棕褐，还是金黄？她住在什么村、什么镇、什么城？’被这样问，他都说：‘不知道。’别人又问他：‘那么，你连知道都不知道，见也不曾见过，却渴望她、爱慕她吗？’他回答：‘是的。’
‘‘Dīghāpi kho te esā, kaccāna, phareyya – ‘yasmā, bho gotama, vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthi so paramo vaṇṇo’ti vadesi, tañca vaṇṇaṃ na paññapesi. Seyyathāpi, kaccāna, puriso evaṃ vadeyya – ‘ahaṃ yā imasmiṃ janapade janapadakalyāṇī, taṃ icchāmi taṃ kāmemī’ti. Tamenaṃ evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ambho purisa, yaṃ tvaṃ janapadakalyāṇiṃ icchasi kāmesi, jānāsi taṃ janapadakalyāṇiṃ – khattiyī vā brāhmaṇī vā vessī vā suddī vā’ti? Iti puṭṭho ‘no’ti vadeyya. Tamenaṃ evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ambho purisa, yaṃ tvaṃ janapadakalyāṇiṃ icchasi kāmesi, jānāsi taṃ janapadakalyāṇiṃ ‘evaṃnāmā evaṃgottāti vāti…pe… dīghā vā rassā vā majjhimā vā kāḷī vā sāmā vā maṅguracchavī vāti… amukasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā nagare vā’ti? Iti puṭṭho ‘no’ti vadeyya. Tamenaṃ evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ambho purisa, yaṃ tvaṃ na jānāsi na passasi, taṃ tvaṃ icchasi kāmesī’’’ti? Iti puṭṭho ‘āmā’ti vadeyya.
7“迦旃延，你认为如何？既然如此，那人的言论岂不是毫无根据的空谈？”“的确，乔达摩尊者，既然如此，那人的言论确是毫无根据的空谈。”“正是如此，迦旃延。你说：‘乔达摩尊者，既然没有任何其他色比它更优越、更精妙，那个就是最上的色。’而你却不说明那种色。”“乔达摩尊者，犹如一颗琉璃宝珠，质地殊胜、出身优良，有八个切面，打磨精妙，把它放在淡黄色的绒布上，便璀璨闪耀、光彩夺目。自我有光辉，在这样的情形下是健全的，死后亦然。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, nanu evaṃ sante tassa purisassa appāṭihīrakataṃ bhāsitaṃ sampajjatī’’ti? ‘‘Addhā kho, bho gotama, evaṃ sante tassa purisassa appāṭihīrakataṃ bhāsitaṃ sampajjatī’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho tvaṃ, kaccāna, ‘yasmā, bho gotama, vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro vā paṇītataro vā natthi so paramo vaṇṇo’ti vadesi; tañca vaṇṇaṃ na paññapesī’’ti. ‘‘Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, maṇi veḷuriyo subho jātimā aṭṭhaṃso suparikammakato paṇḍukambale nikkhitto bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca, evaṃ vaṇṇo attā hoti arogo paraṃ maraṇā’’ti.
279“迦旃延，你认为如何：置于淡黄色绒布上，那颗闪闪发亮、光彩夺目的琉璃宝珠，与夜晚黑暗昏沉中的萤火虫，两者相较，哪一个的色泽更殊胜、更精妙？”“乔达摩尊者，夜晚黑暗昏沉中的萤火虫，两者之中，其色泽更殊胜、更精妙。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, yo vā maṇi veḷuriyo subho jātimā aṭṭhaṃso suparikammakato paṇḍukambale nikkhitto bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya kimi khajjopanako imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti? ‘‘Yvāyaṃ, bho gotama, rattandhakāratimisāya kimi khajjopanako, ayaṃ imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti.
9“迦旃延，你认为如何：夜晚黑暗昏沉中的萤火虫，与夜晚黑暗昏沉中点燃的油灯，两者相较，哪一个的色泽更殊胜、更精妙？”“乔达摩尊者，夜晚黑暗昏沉中点燃的油灯，两者之中，其色泽更殊胜、更精妙。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya kimi khajjopanako, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya telappadīpo, imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti? ‘‘Yvāyaṃ, bho gotama, rattandhakāratimisāya telappadīpo, ayaṃ imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti.
10“迦旃延，你认为如何：夜晚黑暗昏沉中点燃的油灯，与夜晚黑暗昏沉中燃烧的大火堆，两者相较，哪一个的色泽更殊胜、更精妙？”“乔达摩尊者，夜晚黑暗昏沉中燃烧的大火堆，两者之中，其色泽更殊胜、更精妙。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya telappadīpo, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya mahāaggikkhandho, imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti? ‘‘Yvāyaṃ, bho gotama, rattandhakāratimisāya mahāaggikkhandho, ayaṃ imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti.
11“迦旃延，你意下如何？是暗夜沉沉之中燃烧的大火堆，还是秋日雨后、晴朗无云的天空中，拂晓时分出现的晨星——这两种色，哪一种更为优胜、更为精妙呢？”“乔达摩尊者，这秋日雨后、晴朗无云的天空中，拂晓时分出现的晨星，其色在这二者之中更为优胜、更为精妙。”“迦旃延，你意下如何？是那秋日雨后、晴朗无云的天空中，拂晓时分出现的晨星，还是十五布萨日、晴朗无云的夜空中，子夜高悬的满月——这两种色，哪一种更为优胜、更为精妙呢？”“乔达摩尊者，这十五布萨日、晴朗无云的夜空中，子夜高悬的满月，其色在这二者之中更为优胜、更为精妙。”“迦旃延，你意下如何？是那十五布萨日、晴朗无云的夜空中，子夜高悬的满月，还是秋日雨后、晴朗无云的天空中，正午当空的太阳——这两种色，哪一种更为优胜、更为精妙呢？”“乔达摩尊者，这秋日雨后、晴朗无云的天空中，正午当空的太阳，其色在这二者之中更为优胜、更为精妙。”“迦旃延，我如实了知：更有众多天神，其数远超于此，他们的光明令日月都黯然失色。即便如此，我也不会说：‘没有其他更优越、更精妙的色了，这便是最上之色。’然而你，迦旃延，却说‘那种比萤火虫更低劣、更可厌的色就是最上之色’，却又指明不了那是什么色。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, yo vā rattandhakāratimisāya mahāaggikkhandho, yā vā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ viddhe vigatavalāhake deve osadhitārakā, imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti? ‘‘Yvāyaṃ, bho gotama, rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ viddhe vigatavalāhake deve osadhitārakā, ayaṃ imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, yā vā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ viddhe vigatavalāhake deve osadhitārakā, yo vā tadahuposathe pannarase viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido aḍḍharattasamayaṃ cando, imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti? ‘‘Yvāyaṃ, bho gotama, tadahuposathe pannarase viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido aḍḍharattasamayaṃ cando, ayaṃ imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kaccāna, yo vā tadahuposathe pannarase viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido aḍḍharattasamayaṃ cando, yo vā vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido majjhanhikasamayaṃ sūriyo, imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ katamo vaṇṇo abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti? ‘‘Yvāyaṃ, bho gotama, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye viddhe vigatavalāhake deve abhido majjhanhikasamayaṃ sūriyo – ayaṃ imesaṃ ubhinnaṃ vaṇṇānaṃ abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro cā’’ti. ‘‘Ato kho te, kaccāna, bahū hi bahutarā devā ye imesaṃ candimasūriyānaṃ ābhā nānubhonti, tyāhaṃ pajānāmi. Atha ca panāhaṃ na vadāmi – ‘yasmā vaṇṇā añño vaṇṇo uttaritaro ca paṇītataro ca natthī’ti. Atha ca pana tvaṃ, kaccāna, ‘yvāyaṃ vaṇṇo kiminā khajjopanakena nihīnataro ca patikiṭṭhataro ca so paramo vaṇṇo’ti vadesi; tañca vaṇṇaṃ na paññapesi’’.
280“迦旃延，有这五种欲功德。是哪五种？眼所识知的色，令人喜爱、引人渴求、悦意可心、与欲相应、能激发贪染；耳所识知的声……鼻所识知的香……舌所识知的味……身所识知的触，令人喜爱、引人渴求、悦意可心、与欲相应、能激发贪染。迦旃延，这便是五种欲功德。迦旃延，凡是依此五种欲功德而生起的快乐与喜悦，即称为欲乐。如是，从诸欲而有欲乐，从欲乐而有欲中最上之乐，这其中，那最上之乐被说为至高。”
‘‘Pañca kho ime, kaccāna, kāmaguṇā. Katame pañca? Cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā, sotaviññeyyā saddā…pe… ghānaviññeyyā gandhā… jivhāviññeyyā rasā… kāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā – ime kho, kaccāna, pañca kāmaguṇā. Yaṃ kho, kaccāna, ime pañca kāmaguṇe paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ idaṃ vuccati kāmasukhaṃ. Iti kāmehi kāmasukhaṃ, kāmasukhā kāmaggasukhaṃ tattha aggamakkhāyatī’’ti.
13听了这话，游方者鞞摩那修对世尊说：“真是稀有啊，乔达摩尊者！真是不可思议啊，乔达摩尊者！乔达摩尊者说得真是太好了：‘从诸欲产生欲乐，于欲乐中，欲最上乐最为殊胜，于此被赞为至上。’——‘乔达摩尊者，从诸欲产生欲乐，于欲乐中，欲最上乐最为殊胜，于此被赞为至上。’” “鞞摩那修，你抱持不同的见解、不同的认可、不同的喜好、不同的修行、不同的师承，因此，你实难了知什么是诸欲、什么是欲乐、什么是欲最上乐。鞞摩那修，唯有那些烦恼已尽、梵行已立、应作已作、放下重担、达成真正目标、彻底摧毁有结、依究竟智而得解脱的阿拉汉比丘，他们才能了知这些——什么是诸欲、什么是欲乐、什么是欲最上乐。”
Evaṃ vutte, vekhanaso paribbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘acchariyaṃ, bho gotama, abbhutaṃ, bho gotama! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ bhotā gotamena – ‘kāmehi kāmasukhaṃ, kāmasukhā kāmaggasukhaṃ tattha aggamakkhāyatī’ti. (‘Kāmehi, bho gotama, kāmasukhaṃ, kāmasukhā kāmaggasukhaṃ, tattha aggamakkhāyatī’ti) – ‘‘dujjānaṃ kho etaṃ, kaccāna, tayā aññadiṭṭhikena aññakhantikena aññarucikena aññatrayogena aññatrācariyakena – kāmā vā kāmasukhaṃ vā kāmaggasukhaṃ vā. Ye kho te, kaccāna, bhikkhū arahanto khīṇāsavā vusitavanto katakaraṇīyā ohitabhārā anuppattasadatthā parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojanā sammadaññā vimuttā te kho etaṃ jāneyyuṃ – kāmā vā kāmasukhaṃ vā kāmaggasukhaṃ vā’’ti.
281听了这话，游方者鞞摩那修变得恼怒不悦，他诋毁着世尊，轻视着世尊，攻击着世尊，说道“沙门乔达摩将被驳倒了”，便对世尊这样说：“正是如此，世间有一些沙门和婆罗门，既不了知过去，也不照见未来，却宣称‘我们确知：生已尽，梵行已立，应作已作，不受后有。’他们这些言论，到头来只不过徒成笑谈，只不过空有其名，只不过空洞无物，只不过徒劳无益罢了。” “鞞摩那修，对于那些不了知过去，也不照见未来，却宣称‘我们确知：生已尽，梵行已立，应作已作，不受后有’的沙门和婆罗门，他们确有理由受到如法的反驳。不过，鞞摩那修，且搁置过去，也且搁置未来。让一个有智慧的人来，不狡诈、不虚伪、品性正直，我便教导他，便为他开示法义。当一个人依照教导去实践时，用不了多久，他自己便会亲身了知、亲见：‘确实，束缚正是这样被彻底解除的，也就是从无明的束缚中解脱。’ 鞞摩那修，这就像一个年幼、柔弱的婴儿，仰面躺着，被五条细索捆缚着。在成长过程中，随着他的感官逐渐成熟，那些捆缚自然就脱落松开了。这时，他了知‘自己已得解脱’，当时却不知什么是‘束缚’。同样地，鞞摩那修，让一个有智慧的人来，不狡诈、不虚伪、品性正直，我便教导他，便为他开示法义。当一个人依照教导去实践时，用不了多久，他自己便会亲身了知、亲见：‘确实，束缚正是这样被彻底解除的，也就是从无明的束缚中解脱。’
Evaṃ vutte, vekhanaso paribbājako kupito anattamano bhagavantaṃyeva khuṃsento bhagavantaṃyeva vambhento bhagavantaṃyeva vadamāno ‘‘samaṇo gotamo pāpito bhavissatī’’ti bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘evameva panidhekacce samaṇabrāhmaṇā ajānantā pubbantaṃ, apassantā aparantaṃ atha ca pana ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyāti – pajānāmā’ti – paṭijānanti . Tesamidaṃ bhāsitaṃ hassakaṃyeva sampajjati, nāmakaṃyeva sampajjati, rittakaṃyeva sampajjati, tucchakaṃyeva sampajjatī’’ti. ‘‘Ye kho te, kaccāna, samaṇabrāhmaṇā ajānantā pubbantaṃ , apassantā aparantaṃ, ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyāti – pajānāmā’ti – paṭijānanti; tesaṃ soyeva sahadhammiko niggaho hoti. Api ca, kaccāna, tiṭṭhatu pubbanto, tiṭṭhatu aparanto. Etu viññū puriso asaṭho amāyāvī ujujātiko, ahamanusāsāmi ahaṃ dhammaṃ desemi. Yathānusiṭṭhaṃ tathā paṭipajjamāno nacirasseva sāmaññeva ñassati sāmaṃ dakkhiti – evaṃ kira sammā bandhanā vippamokkho hoti, yadidaṃ avijjā bandhanā. Seyyathāpi, kaccāna, daharo kumāro mando uttānaseyyako kaṇṭhapañcamehi bandhanehi baddho assa suttabandhanehi; tassa vuddhimanvāya indriyānaṃ paripākamanvāya tāni bandhanāni mucceyyuṃ; so mokkhomhīti kho jāneyya no ca bandhanaṃ . Evameva kho, kaccāna, etu viññū puriso asaṭho amāyāvī ujujātiko, ahamanusāsāmi, ahaṃ dhammaṃ desemi; yathānusiṭṭhaṃ tathā paṭipajjamāno nacirasseva sāmaññe ñassati , sāmaṃ dakkhiti – ‘evaṃ kira sammā bandhanā vippamokkho hoti, yadidaṃ avijjā bandhanā’’’ti.
15听了这话，游方者鞞摩那修对世尊说：“真是殊胜啊，乔达摩尊者！……请乔达摩尊者接受我为优婆塞，从今日起，直至命终，我都皈依于您。”
Evaṃ vutte, vekhanaso paribbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
16其摄颂：
Tassuddānaṃ –
17《鞞摩那修经》第十终
Vekhanasasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dasamaṃ.
18游方者品第三终
Paribbājakavaggo niṭṭhito tatiyo.
19其摄颂曰：
Tassuddānaṃ –
20白莲、火聚、粗衣、长爪，以及跋罗陀婆阇族人；
Puṇḍarī-aggisaha-kathināmo, dīghanakho puna bhāradvājagotto;
21三达迦、优陀夷、蒙地亚之子、末尼迦，以及迦旃延，殊胜品。
Sandakaudāyimuṇḍikaputto, maṇiko tathākaccāno varavaggo.