MN 8 · 削减经
81如是我闻:有一次,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,具寿马哈准达在傍晚时分,从独自静处坐禅中起身,前往世尊所在之处。到了之后,向世尊礼敬,然后坐在一边。坐在一边的具寿马哈准达对世尊这样说:“尊者,世间生起的这些种种见解——关于有我之说,或关于世界之说——尊者,对于一个比丘来说,仅仅从一开始就作意这些,就能这样断除这些见解,就能这样舍弃这些见解吗?”
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā mahācundo sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā mahācundo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yā imā, bhante, anekavihitā diṭṭhiyo loke uppajjanti – attavādapaṭisaṃyuttā vā lokavādapaṭisaṃyuttā vā – ādimeva nu kho, bhante, bhikkhuno manasikaroto evametāsaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ pahānaṃ hoti, evametāsaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ paṭinissaggo hotī’’ti?
82“准达,世间生起的这些种种见解——关于有我之说,或关于世界之说——这些见解在哪里生起、在哪里潜伏、在哪里现行,对于那个地方,能够以正慧如实观见:‘这不是我的,这不是我,这不是我的我。’这样,就能这样断除这些见解,就能这样舍弃这些见解。
‘‘Yā imā, cunda, anekavihitā diṭṭhiyo loke uppajjanti – attavādapaṭisaṃyuttā vā lokavādapaṭisaṃyuttā vā – yattha cetā diṭṭhiyo uppajjanti yattha ca anusenti yattha ca samudācaranti taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na me so attā’ti – evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññā passato evametāsaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ pahānaṃ hoti, evametāsaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ paṭinissaggo hoti.
3“然而,准达,有这样的可能:在此,某位比丘,确实远离了欲,远离了不善法,进入并安住于有寻、有伺,由远离而生起喜与乐的初禅。他可能会这样想:‘我正以削减而住。’但是,准达,这些在圣者的律中,不被称为‘削减’。这些在圣者的律中,被称为‘现法乐住’。
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihareyya. Tassa evamassa – ‘sallekhena viharāmī’ti. Na kho panete, cunda, ariyassa vinaye sallekhā vuccanti. Diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārā ete ariyassa vinaye vuccanti.
4“然而,准达,有这样的可能:在此,某位比丘,由于寻与伺的息灭,内心获得净信,心成为专一的,无寻、无伺,由定而生起喜与乐,进入并安住于第二禅。他可能会这样想:‘我正以削减而住。’但是,准达,这些在圣者的律中,不被称为‘削减’。这些在圣者的律中,被称为‘现法乐住’。
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihareyya. Tassa evamassa – ‘sallekhena viharāmī’ti. Na kho panete, cunda, ariyassa vinaye sallekhā vuccanti. Diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārā ete ariyassa vinaye vuccanti.
5“然而,准达,有这样的可能:在此,某位比丘,由于对喜的离欲,住于舍,有念、正知,并且以身感受乐,圣者们宣说:‘他是舍、具念、住于乐的。’ 进入并安住于这第三禅。他可能会这样想:‘我正以削减而住。’但是,准达,这些在圣者的律中,不被称为‘削减’。这些在圣者的律中,被称为‘现法乐住’。
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca vihareyya, sato ca sampajāno sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeyya, yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihareyya. Tassa evamassa – ‘sallekhena viharāmī’ti. Na kho panete, cunda, ariyassa vinaye sallekhā vuccanti. Diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārā ete ariyassa vinaye vuccanti.
6“然而,准达,有这样的可能:在此,某位比丘,由于舍断了乐,也舍断了苦,先前的喜与忧也已灭没,进入并安住于不苦不乐、由舍与念所净化的第四禅。他可能会这样想:‘我正以削减而住。’但是,准达,这些在圣者的律中,不被称为‘削减’。这些在圣者的律中,被称为‘现法乐住’。”
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasuṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihareyya. Tassa evamassa – ‘sallekhena viharāmī’ti. Na kho panete, cunda, ariyassa vinaye sallekhā vuccanti. Diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārā ete ariyassa vinaye vuccanti.
7俊达,这是有可能的:这里有某位比丘,完全超越了一切色想,灭尽了有对想,不去注意各种差别想,达到并安住于‘虚空无边’的空无边处。他可能会这样想:‘我正以削减而住。’然而,俊达,这些在圣者的律中并不被称为削减。在圣者的律中,这些只称为寂静住。
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā, paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā, nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā, ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja vihareyya. Tassa evamassa – ‘sallekhena viharāmī’ti. Na kho panete, cunda, ariyassa vinaye sallekhā vuccanti. Santā ete vihārā ariyassa vinaye vuccanti.
8俊达,这是有可能的:这里有某位比丘,完全超越了一切空无边处,达到并安住于‘识无边’的识无边处。他可能会这样想:‘我正以削减而住。’然而,俊达,这些在圣者的律中并不被称为削减。在圣者的律中,这些只称为寂静住。
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja vihareyya. Tassa evamassa – ‘sallekhena viharāmī’ti. Na kho panete, cunda, ariyassa vinaye sallekhā vuccanti. Santā ete vihārā ariyassa vinaye vuccanti.
9俊达,这是有可能的:这里有某位比丘,完全超越了一切识无边处,达到并安住于‘什么都没有’的无所有处。他可能会这样想:‘我正以削减而住。’然而,俊达,这些在圣者的律中并不被称为削减。在圣者的律中,这些只称为寂静住。
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja vihareyya. Tassa evamassa – ‘sallekhena viharāmī’ti. Na kho panete, cunda, ariyassa vinaye sallekhā vuccanti. Santā ete vihārā ariyassa vinaye vuccanti.
10俊达,这是有可能的:这里有某位比丘,完全超越了一切无所有处,达到并安住于非想非非想处。他可能会这样想:‘我正以削减而住。’然而,俊达,这些在圣者的律中并不被称为削减。在圣者的律中,这些只称为寂静住。
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, cunda, vijjati yaṃ idhekacco bhikkhu sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja vihareyya. Tassa evamassa – ‘sallekhena viharāmī’ti . Na kho panete, cunda, ariyassa vinaye sallekhā vuccanti. Santā ete vihārā ariyassa vinaye vuccanti.
83然而,俊达,你们应当如此实行削减:'他人将会是恼害者,我们在此将是不恼害者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是杀生者,我们在此将是远离杀生者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是不与取者,我们在此将是远离不与取者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是非梵行者,我们在此将是梵行者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是妄语者,我们在此将是远离妄语者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是离间语者,我们在此将是远离离间语者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是粗恶语者,我们在此将是远离粗恶语者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是杂秽语者,我们在此将是远离杂秽语者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是贪婪者,我们在此将是不贪婪者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是嗔恚心者,我们在此将是无嗔恚心者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是邪见者,我们在此将是正见者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是邪思维者,我们在此将是正思维者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是邪语者,我们在此将是正语者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是邪业者,我们在此将是正业者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是邪命者,我们在此将是正命者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是邪精进者,我们在此将是正精进者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是邪念者,我们在此将是正念者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是邪定者,我们在此将是正定者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是邪智者,我们在此将是正智者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是邪解脱者,我们在此将是正解脱者'——应当这样实行削减。
‘‘Idha kho pana vo, cunda, sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare vihiṃsakā bhavissanti, mayamettha avihiṃsakā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare pāṇātipātī bhavissanti, mayamettha pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare adinnādāyī bhavissanti, mayamettha adinnādānā paṭiviratā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare abrahmacārī bhavissanti, mayamettha brahmacārī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare musāvādī bhavissanti, mayamettha musāvādā paṭiviratā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare pisuṇavācā bhavissanti, mayamettha pisuṇāya vācāya paṭiviratā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare pharusavācā bhavissanti, mayamettha pharusāya vācāya paṭiviratā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare samphappalāpī bhavissanti, mayamettha samphappalāpā paṭiviratā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare abhijjhālū bhavissanti, mayamettha anabhijjhālū bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare byāpannacittā bhavissanti, mayamettha abyāpannacittā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare micchādiṭṭhī bhavissanti, mayamettha sammādiṭṭhī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare micchāsaṅkappā bhavissanti, mayamettha sammāsaṅkappā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare micchāvācā bhavissanti, mayamettha sammāvācā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare micchākammantā bhavissanti, mayamettha sammākammantā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare micchāājīvā bhavissanti, mayamettha sammāājīvā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare micchāvāyāmā bhavissanti, mayamettha sammāvāyāmā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare micchāsatī bhavissanti, mayamettha sammāsatī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare micchāsamādhi bhavissanti, mayamettha sammāsamādhī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare micchāñāṇī bhavissanti, mayamettha sammāñāṇī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare micchāvimuttī bhavissanti, mayamettha sammāvimuttī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo.
12'他人将会是被昏沉睡眠缠缚者,我们在此将是远离昏沉睡眠者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是掉举者,我们在此将是不掉举者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是疑惑者,我们在此将是超越疑惑者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是忿怒者,我们在此将是不忿怒者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是怨恨者,我们在此将是不怨恨者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是虚伪者,我们在此将是不虚伪者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是专横者,我们在此将是不专横者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是嫉妒者,我们在此将是不嫉妒者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是悭吝者,我们在此将是不悭吝者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是狡诈者,我们在此将是不狡诈者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是谄曲者,我们在此将是不谄曲者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是顽固者,我们在此将是不顽固者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是傲慢者,我们在此将是不傲慢者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是难劝诫者,我们在此将是易劝诫者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是恶友者,我们在此将是善友者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是放逸者,我们在此将是不放逸者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是不信者,我们在此将是有信者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是无惭者,我们在此将是有惭者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是无愧者,我们在此将是有愧者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是少闻者,我们在此将是多闻者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是懈怠者,我们在此将是精进者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是失念者,我们在此将是正念现前者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是劣慧者,我们在此将是智慧具足者'——应当这样实行削减。'他人将会是固执己见、执取不舍、难以放下者,我们在此将是不固执己见、不执取不舍、容易放下者'——应当这样实行削减。
‘‘‘Pare thīnamiddhapariyuṭṭhitā bhavissanti, mayamettha vigatathīnamiddhā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo . ‘Pare uddhatā bhavissanti, mayamettha anuddhatā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare vicikicchī bhavissanti, mayamettha tiṇṇavicikicchā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare kodhanā bhavissanti, mayamettha akkodhanā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare upanāhī bhavissanti, mayamettha anupanāhī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare makkhī bhavissanti , mayamettha amakkhī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare paḷāsī bhavissanti, mayamettha apaḷāsī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare issukī bhavissanti, mayamettha anissukī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare maccharī bhavissanti, mayamettha amaccharī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare saṭhā bhavissanti, mayamettha asaṭhā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare māyāvī bhavissanti, mayamettha amāyāvī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare thaddhā bhavissanti, mayamettha atthaddhā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare atimānī bhavissanti, mayamettha anatimānī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare dubbacā bhavissanti, mayamettha suvacā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare pāpamittā bhavissanti, mayamettha kalyāṇamittā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare pamattā bhavissanti, mayamettha appamattā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare assaddhā bhavissanti, mayamettha saddhā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare ahirikā bhavissanti, mayamettha hirimanā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare anottāpī bhavissanti, mayamettha ottāpī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare appassutā bhavissanti, mayamettha bahussutā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare kusītā bhavissanti, mayamettha āraddhavīriyā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare muṭṭhassatī bhavissanti, mayamettha upaṭṭhitassatī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare duppaññā bhavissanti, mayamettha paññāsampannā bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo. ‘Pare sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī ādhānaggāhī duppaṭinissaggī bhavissanti, mayamettha asandiṭṭhiparāmāsī anādhānaggāhī suppaṭinissaggī bhavissāmā’ti sallekho karaṇīyo.
84准达,我说,即使在善法上,仅仅是心的生起就有很大的利益,更何况是在身和语上跟随而行了!所以,准达,你们应该这样生起心念:'别人将会是恼害者,但我们要在这里成为不恼害者。'你们应该这样生起心念:'别人将会是杀生者,但我们要在这里成为远离杀生者。'……'别人将会是执取己见、固执己见、难以舍弃者,但我们要在这里成为不执取己见、不固执己见、容易舍弃者。'
‘‘Cittuppādampi kho ahaṃ, cunda, kusalesu dhammesu bahukāraṃ vadāmi, ko pana vādo kāyena vācāya anuvidhīyanāsu! Tasmātiha, cunda, ‘pare vihiṃsakā bhavissanti, mayamettha avihiṃsakā bhavissāmā’ti cittaṃ uppādetabbaṃ. ‘Pare pāṇātipātī bhavissanti, mayamettha pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā bhavissāmā’ti cittaṃ uppādetabbaṃ…‘pare sandiṭṭhiparāmāsī ādhānaggāhī duppaṭinissaggī bhavissanti, mayamettha asandiṭṭhiparāmāsī anādhānaggāhī suppaṭinissaggī bhavissāmā’ti cittaṃ uppādetabbaṃ.
85准达,就像有一条不平坦的路,而另外有一条平坦的路可以绕行;又或者,准达,像有一个不平坦的渡口,而另外有一个平坦的渡口可以绕行;同样地,准达,对于一个有恼害的人,不恼害就是他的绕行之道;对于一个杀生的人,远离杀生就是他的绕行之道;对于一个不与取的人,远离不与取就是他的绕行之道;对于一个行非梵行的人,远离非梵行就是他的绕行之道;对于一个说妄语的人,远离妄语就是他的绕行之道;对于一个说离间语的人,远离离间语就是他的绕行之道;对于一个说粗恶语的人,远离粗恶语就是他的绕行之道;对于一个说杂秽语的人,远离杂秽语就是他的绕行之道;对于一个有贪欲的人,无贪就是他的绕行之道;对于一个有嗔恚心的人,无嗔就是他的绕行之道;对于一个有邪见的人,正见就是他的绕行之道;对于一个有邪思维的人,正思维就是他的绕行之道;对于一个有邪语的人,正语就是他的绕行之道;对于一个有邪业的人,正业就是他的绕行之道;对于一个有邪命的人,正命就是他的绕行之道;对于一个有邪精进的人,正精进就是他的绕行之道;对于一个有邪念的人,正念就是他的绕行之道;对于一个有邪定的人,正定就是他的绕行之道;对于一个有邪智的人,正智就是他的绕行之道;对于一个有邪解脱的人,正解脱就是他的绕行之道。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, cunda, visamo maggo assa, tassa añño samo maggo parikkamanāya; seyyathā vā pana, cunda, visamaṃ titthaṃ assa, tassa aññaṃ samaṃ titthaṃ parikkamanāya; evameva kho, cunda, vihiṃsakassa purisapuggalassa avihiṃsā hoti parikkamanāya, pāṇātipātissa purisapuggalassa pāṇātipātā veramaṇī hoti parikkamanāya, adinnādāyissa purisapuggalassa adinnādānā veramaṇī hoti parikkamanāya, abrahmacārissa purisapuggalassa abrahmacariyā veramaṇī hoti parikkamanāya , musāvādissa purisapuggalassa musāvādā veramaṇī hoti parikkamanāya, pisuṇavācassa purisapuggalassa pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī hoti parikkamanāya, pharusavācassa purisapuggalassa pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī hoti parikkamanāya, samphappalāpissa purisapuggalassa samphappalāpā veramaṇī hoti parikkamanāya, abhijjhālussa purisapuggalassa anabhijjhā hoti parikkamanāya, byāpannacittassa purisapuggalassa abyāpādo hoti parikkamanāya, micchādiṭṭhissa purisapuggalassa sammādiṭṭhi hoti parikkamanāya, micchāsaṅkappassa purisapuggalassa sammāsaṅkappo hoti parikkamanāya, micchāvācassa purisapuggalassa sammāvācā hoti parikkamanāya, micchākammantassa purisapuggalassa sammākammanto hoti parikkamanāya, micchāājīvassa purisapuggalassa sammāājīvo hoti parikkamanāya, micchāvāyāmassa purisapuggalassa sammāvāyāmo hoti parikkamanāya, micchāsatissa purisapuggalassa sammāsati hoti parikkamanāya, micchāsamādhissa purisapuggalassa sammāsamādhi hoti parikkamanāya, micchāñāṇissa purisapuggalassa sammāñāṇaṃ hoti parikkamanāya, micchāvimuttissa purisapuggalassa sammāvimutti hoti parikkamanāya.
15对于一个被昏沉睡眠所缠缚的人,脱离了昏沉睡眠就是他的绕行之道;对于一个掉举的人,不掉举就是他的绕行之道;对于一个有疑的人,超越了疑就是他的绕行之道;对于一个有嗔怒的人,不嗔怒就是他的绕行之道;对于一个怀恨的人,不怀恨就是他的绕行之道;对于一个虚伪的人,不虚伪就是他的绕行之道;对于一个欺瞒的人,不欺瞒就是他的绕行之道;对于一个嫉妒的人,不嫉妒就是他的绕行之道;对于一个悭吝的人,不悭吝就是他的绕行之道;对于一个狡诈的人,不狡诈就是他的绕行之道;对于一个谄曲的人,不谄曲就是他的绕行之道;对于一个顽固的人,不顽固就是他的绕行之道;对于一个傲慢的人,不傲慢就是他的绕行之道;对于一个难以教导的人,容易教导就是他的绕行之道;对于一个有恶友的人,有善友就是他的绕行之道;对于一个放逸的人,不放逸就是他的绕行之道;对于一个无信的人,有信就是他的绕行之道;对于一个无惭的人,有惭就是他的绕行之道;对于一个无愧的人,有愧就是他的绕行之道;对于一个寡闻的人,多闻就是他的绕行之道;对于一个懈怠的人,发起精进就是他的绕行之道;对于一个忘失正念的人,现起正念就是他的绕行之道;对于一个智慧羸弱的人,具足智慧就是他的绕行之道;对于一个执取己见、固执己见、难以舍弃的人,不执取己见、不固执己见、容易舍弃就是他的绕行之道。
‘‘Thīnamiddhapariyuṭṭhitassa purisapuggalassa vigatathinamiddhatā hoti parikkamanāya, uddhatassa purisapuggalassa anuddhaccaṃ hoti parikkamanāya, vicikicchissa purisapuggalassa tiṇṇavicikicchatā hoti parikkamanāya, kodhanassa purisapuggalassa akkodho hoti parikkamanāya, upanāhissa purisapuggalassa anupanāho hoti parikkamanāya, makkhissa purisapuggalassa amakkho hoti parikkamanāya, paḷāsissa purisapuggalassa apaḷāso hoti parikkamanāya , issukissa purisapuggalassa anissukitā hoti parikkamanāya, maccharissa purisapuggalassa amacchariyaṃ hoti parikkamanāya, saṭhassa purisapuggalassa asāṭheyyaṃ hoti parikkamanāya, māyāvissa purisapuggalassa amāyā hoti parikkamanāya, thaddhassa purisapuggalassa atthaddhiyaṃ hoti parikkamanāya, atimānissa purisapuggalassa anatimāno hoti parikkamanāya, dubbacassa purisapuggalassa sovacassatā hoti parikkamanāya, pāpamittassa purisapuggalassa kalyāṇamittatā hoti parikkamanāya, pamattassa purisapuggalassa appamādo hoti parikkamanāya, assaddhassa purisapuggalassa saddhā hoti parikkamanāya, ahirikassa purisapuggalassa hirī hoti parikkamanāya, anottāpissa purisapuggalassa ottappaṃ hoti parikkamanāya, appassutassa purisapuggalassa bāhusaccaṃ hoti parikkamanāya, kusītassa purisapuggalassa vīriyārambho hoti parikkamanāya, muṭṭhassatissa purisapuggalassa upaṭṭhitassatitā hoti parikkamanāya, duppaññassa purisapuggalassa paññāsampadā hoti parikkamanāya , sandiṭṭhiparāmāsi-ādhānaggāhi-duppaṭinissaggissa purisapuggalassa asandiṭṭhiparāmāsianādhānaggāhi-suppaṭinissaggitā hoti parikkamanāya.
86准达,正如所有的不善法,它们全都是向下走的;而所有的善法,它们全都是向上走的;同样地,准达,对于一个有恼害的人,不恼害是能使他向上的;对于一个杀生的人,远离杀生是能使他向上的……对于一个执取己见、固执己见、难以舍弃的人,不执取己见、不固执己见、容易舍弃是能使他向上的。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, cunda, ye keci akusalā dhammā sabbe te adhobhāgaṅgamanīyā , ye keci kusalā dhammā sabbe te uparibhāgaṅgamanīyā , evameva kho, cunda, vihiṃsakassa purisapuggalassa avihiṃsā hoti uparibhāgāya , pāṇātipātissa purisapuggalassa pāṇātipātā veramaṇī hoti uparibhāgāya…pe… sandiṭṭhiparāmāsi-ādhānaggāhi-duppaṭinissaggissa purisapuggalassa asandiṭṭhiparāmāsi-anādhānaggāhi-suppaṭinissaggitā hoti uparibhāgāya.
87准达,一个人自己深陷泥沼,却能把另一个深陷泥沼的人拉出来,这是没有道理的。准达,一个人自己并未深陷泥沼,却能把另一个深陷泥沼的人拉出来,这是有道理的。准达,一个人自己未调伏、未受教、未般涅槃,却能调伏他人、教导他人、令他人般涅槃,这是没有道理的。准达,一个人自己已调伏、已受教、已般涅槃,却能调伏他人、教导他人、令他人般涅槃,这是有道理的。同样地,准达,对于一个有恼害的人,不恼害能导向般涅槃;对于一个杀生的人,远离杀生能导向般涅槃。对于一个不与取的人,远离不与取能导向般涅槃。对于一个行非梵行的人,远离非梵行能导向般涅槃。对于一个说妄语的人,远离妄语能导向般涅槃。对于一个说离间语的人,远离离间语能导向般涅槃。对于一个说粗恶语的人,远离粗恶语能导向般涅槃。对于一个说杂秽语的人,远离杂秽语能导向般涅槃。对于一个有贪欲的人,无贪能导向般涅槃。对于一个有嗔恚心的人,无嗔能导向般涅槃。对于一个有邪见的人,正见能导向般涅槃。对于一个有邪思维的人,正思维能导向般涅槃。对于一个有邪语的人,正语能导向般涅槃。对于一个有邪业的人,正业能导向般涅槃。对于一个有邪命的人,正命能导向般涅槃。对于一个有邪精进的人,正精进能导向般涅槃。对于一个有邪念的人,正念能导向般涅槃。对于一个有邪定的人,正定能导向般涅槃。对于一个有邪智的人,正智能导向般涅槃。对于一个有邪解脱的人,正解脱能导向般涅槃。
‘‘So vata, cunda, attanā palipapalipanno paraṃ palipapalipannaṃ uddharissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. So vata, cunda, attanā apalipapalipanno paraṃ palipapalipannaṃ uddharissatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati. So vata, cunda, attanā adanto avinīto aparinibbuto paraṃ damessati vinessati parinibbāpessatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. So vata , cunda, attanā danto vinīto parinibbuto paraṃ damessati vinessati parinibbāpessatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati. Evameva kho, cunda, vihiṃsakassa purisapuggalassa avihiṃsā hoti parinibbānāya, pāṇātipātissa purisapuggalassa pāṇātipātā veramaṇī hoti parinibbānāya. Adinnādāyissa purisapuggalassa adinnādānā veramaṇī hoti parinibbānāya. Abrahmacārissa purisapuggalassa abrahmacariyā veramaṇī hoti parinibbānāya. Musāvādissa purisapuggalassa musāvādā veramaṇī hoti parinibbānāya. Pisuṇavācassa purisapuggalassa pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī hoti parinibbānāya. Pharusavācassa purisapuggalassa pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī hoti parinibbānāya. Samphappalāpissa purisapuggalassa samphappalāpā veramaṇī hoti parinibbānāya. Abhijjhālussa purisapuggalassa anabhijjhā hoti parinibbānāya. Byāpannacittassa purisapuggalassa abyāpādo hoti parinibbānāya. Micchādiṭṭhissa purisapuggalassa sammādiṭṭhi hoti parinibbānāya. Micchāsaṅkappassa purisapuggalassa sammāsaṅkappo hoti parinibbānāya. Micchāvācassa purisapuggalassa sammāvācā hoti parinibbānāya. Micchākammantassa purisapuggalassa sammākammanto hoti parinibbānāya. Micchāājīvassa purisapuggalassa sammāājīvo hoti parinibbānāya. Micchāvāyāmassa purisapuggalassa sammāvāyāmo hoti parinibbānāya. Micchāsatissa purisapuggalassa sammāsati hoti parinibbānāya. Micchāsamādhissa purisapuggalassa sammāsamādhi hoti parinibbānāya. Micchāñāṇissa purisapuggalassa sammāñāṇaṃ hoti parinibbānāya. Micchāvimuttissa purisapuggalassa sammāvimutti hoti parinibbānāya.
18对于一个被昏沉睡眠所缠缚的人,脱离了昏沉睡眠能导向般涅槃。对于一个掉举的人,不掉举能导向般涅槃。对于一个有疑的人,超越了疑能导向般涅槃。对于一个有嗔怒的人,不嗔怒能导向般涅槃。对于一个怀恨的人,不怀恨能导向般涅槃。对于一个虚伪的人,不虚伪能导向般涅槃。对于一个欺瞒的人,不欺瞒能导向般涅槃。对于一个嫉妒的人,不嫉妒能导向般涅槃。对于一个悭吝的人,不悭吝能导向般涅槃。对于一个狡诈的人,不狡诈能导向般涅槃。对于一个谄曲的人,不谄曲能导向般涅槃。对于一个顽固的人,不顽固能导向般涅槃。对于一个傲慢的人,不傲慢能导向般涅槃。对于一个难以教导的人,容易教导能导向般涅槃。对于一个有恶友的人,有善友能导向般涅槃。对于一个放逸的人,不放逸能导向般涅槃。对于一个无信的人,有信能导向般涅槃。对于一个无惭的人,有惭能导向般涅槃。对于一个无愧的人,有愧能导向般涅槃。对于一个寡闻的人,多闻能导向般涅槃。对于一个懈怠的人,发起精进能导向般涅槃。对于一个忘失正念的人,现起正念能导向般涅槃。对于一个智慧羸弱的人,具足智慧能导向般涅槃。对于一个执取己见、固执己见、难以舍弃的人,不执取己见、不固执己见、容易舍弃能导向般涅槃。
‘‘Thīnamiddhapariyuṭṭhitassa purisapuggalassa vigatathinamiddhatā hoti parinibbānāya. Uddhatassa purisapuggalassa anuddhaccaṃ hoti parinibbānāya. Vicikicchissa purisapuggalassa tiṇṇavicikicchatā hoti parinibbānāya. Kodhanassa purisapuggalassa akkodho hoti parinibbānāya. Upanāhissa purisapuggalassa anupanāho hoti parinibbānāya. Makkhissa purisapuggalassa amakkho hoti parinibbānāya. Paḷāsissa purisapuggalassa apaḷāso hoti parinibbānāya. Issukissa purisapuggalassa anissukitā hoti parinibbānāya. Maccharissa purisapuggalassa amacchariyaṃ hoti parinibbānāya. Saṭhassa purisapuggalassa asāṭheyyaṃ hoti parinibbānāya. Māyāvissa purisapuggalassa amāyā hoti parinibbānāya. Thaddhassa purisapuggalassa atthaddhiyaṃ hoti parinibbānāya. Atimānissa purisapuggalassa anatimāno hoti parinibbānāya. Dubbacassa purisapuggalassa sovacassatā hoti parinibbānāya. Pāpamittassa purisapuggalassa kalyāṇamittatā hoti parinibbānāya. Pamattassa purisapuggalassa appamādo hoti parinibbānāya. Assaddhassa purisapuggalassa saddhā hoti parinibbānāya. Ahirikassa purisapuggalassa hirī hoti parinibbānāya. Anottāpissa purisapuggalassa ottappaṃ hoti parinibbānāya. Appassutassa purisapuggalassa bāhusaccaṃ hoti parinibbānāya. Kusītassa purisapuggalassa vīriyārambho hoti parinibbānāya. Muṭṭhassatissa purisapuggalassa upaṭṭhitassatitā hoti parinibbānāya. Duppaññassa purisapuggalassa paññāsampadā hoti parinibbānāya. Sandiṭṭhiparāmāsi-ādhānaggāhi-duppaṭinissaggissa purisapuggalassa asandiṭṭhiparāmāsi-anādhānaggāhi-suppaṭinissaggitā hoti parinibbānāya.
88“纯陀,像这样,我已经为你们开示了削减的法门,开示了心生起的法门,开示了绕行的法门,开示了上行的法门,开示了般涅槃的法门。纯陀,一位导师出于对弟子们的利益和怜悯,出于慈悲而该做的事情,我都已经为你们做了。纯陀,这里有这些树下,这里有这些空屋。你们应当禅修,纯陀,不要放逸,不要事后才追悔莫及。这就是我们给你们的教诫。”
‘‘Iti kho, cunda, desito mayā sallekhapariyāyo, desito cittuppādapariyāyo, desito parikkamanapariyāyo, desito uparibhāgapariyāyo, desito parinibbānapariyāyo. Yaṃ kho, cunda, satthārā karaṇīyaṃ sāvakānaṃ hitesinā anukampakena anukampaṃ upādāya, kataṃ vo taṃ mayā. ‘Etāni, cunda, rukkhamūlāni, etāni suññāgārāni, jhāyatha, cunda, mā pamādattha, mā pacchāvippaṭisārino ahuvattha’ – ayaṃ kho amhākaṃ anusāsanī’’ti.
20世尊这样说了。具寿马哈准达内心欢喜,对世尊所说的话感到满意。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā mahācundo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
21四十四项已被宣说,五组关键已被开示;
Catuttālīsapadā vuttā, sandhayo pañca desitā;
22这部名为‘削减’的经典,深邃如大海。”
Sallekho nāma suttanto, gambhīro sāgarūpamoti.
23削减经完 第八
Sallekhasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ.