MN 53 · 有学经
22如是我闻：有一次，世尊住在释迦国的咖毕拉瓦图城，在尼拘律树园里。那时候，咖毕拉瓦图的释迦人刚建好一座新的集会堂，还没有任何沙门、婆罗门或任何人使用过。于是，咖毕拉瓦图的释迦人去到世尊那里。到了之后，向世尊行礼，坐在一旁。坐在一旁的咖毕拉瓦图释迦人对世尊说：'尊者，这里有一座咖毕拉瓦图释迦人新建的集会堂，建成不久，还没有任何沙门、婆罗门或任何人使用过。尊者，恳请世尊您首先使用它。由世尊您首先使用后，我们咖毕拉瓦图的释迦人随后再用。这将为咖毕拉瓦图的释迦人带来长久的利益和安乐。'世尊以沉默表示了同意。咖毕拉瓦图的释迦人知道世尊同意后，从座位起身，向世尊行礼，右绕之后，就前往那座新集会堂。到了之后，他们铺开覆盖整个集会堂的地毯，安排好座位，放置好水罐，点上油灯，然后又去到了世尊那里。到了之后，向世尊行礼，站在一旁。站在一旁的咖毕拉瓦图释迦人对世尊说：'尊者，集会堂的地毯已全部铺好，座位已安排好，水罐已放好，油灯已点上。世尊，现在是您觉得合适的时候了。'于是，世尊穿好下衣，拿着钵和袈裟，和比丘僧团一起前往那座集会堂。到了之后，洗了脚，进入集会堂，靠着中间的柱子，面向东方坐下。比丘僧团也洗了脚，进入集会堂，靠着西边的墙，面向东方坐下，以世尊为最前尊。咖毕拉瓦图的释迦人也洗了脚，进入集会堂，靠着东边的墙，面向西方坐下，也以世尊为最前尊。那时，世尊用佛法开示教导、劝勉、激励、令咖毕拉瓦图的释迦人心生欢喜，直到深夜。之后，世尊对阿难尊者说：'阿难，你来为咖毕拉瓦图的释迦人讲说'有学'的修行次第吧。我的背部有些不适，我要舒展一下。''是的，尊者。'阿难尊者回答世尊说。于是，世尊将袈裟折成四叠铺好，以狮子卧的姿势右侧躺下，将一只脚叠在另一只脚上，保持正念、正知，心中系念着起身的时刻。
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. Tena kho pana samayena kāpilavatthavānaṃ sakyānaṃ navaṃ santhāgāraṃ acirakāritaṃ hoti anajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā kenaci vā manussabhūtena. Atha kho kāpilavatthavā sakyā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho kāpilavatthavā sakyā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘idha, bhante, kāpilavatthavānaṃ sakyānaṃ navaṃ santhāgāraṃ acirakāritaṃ anajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā kenaci vā manussabhūtena. Taṃ, bhante, bhagavā paṭhamaṃ paribhuñjatu. Bhagavatā paṭhamaṃ paribhuttaṃ pacchā kāpilavatthavā sakyā paribhuñjissanti. Tadassa kāpilavatthavānaṃ sakyānaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti . Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho kāpilavatthavā sakyā bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā yena navaṃ santhāgāraṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā sabbasanthariṃ santhāgāraṃ santharitvā āsanāni paññapetvā udakamaṇikaṃ upaṭṭhapetvā telappadīpaṃ āropetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho kāpilavatthavā sakyā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘sabbasanthariṃ santhataṃ, bhante, santhāgāraṃ, āsanāni paññattāni, udakamaṇiko upaṭṭhāpito, telappadīpo āropito. Yassadāni, bhante , bhagavā kālaṃ maññatī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena santhāgāraṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā pāde pakkhāletvā santhāgāraṃ pavisitvā majjhimaṃ thambhaṃ nissāya puratthābhimukho nisīdi. Bhikkhusaṅghopi kho pāde pakkhāletvā santhāgāraṃ pavisitvā pacchimaṃ bhittiṃ nissāya puratthābhimukho nisīdi, bhagavantaṃyeva purakkhatvā. Kāpilavatthavāpi kho sakyā pāde pakkhāletvā santhāgāraṃ pavisitvā puratthimaṃ bhittiṃ nissāya pacchimābhimukhā nisīdiṃsu, bhagavantaṃyeva purakkhatvā. Atha kho bhagavā kāpilavatthave sakye bahudeva rattiṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘paṭibhātu taṃ, ānanda, kāpilavatthavānaṃ sakyānaṃ sekho pāṭipado . Piṭṭhi me āgilāyati; tamahaṃ āyamissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paccassosi. Atha kho bhagavā catugguṇaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ paññāpetvā dakkhiṇena passena sīhaseyyaṃ kappesi, pāde pādaṃ accādhāya, sato sampajāno, uṭṭhānasaññaṃ manasi karitvā.
23那时，阿难尊者对释迦人摩诃男说：'摩诃男，在这里，一位圣弟子是怎样的呢？他具足戒，在诸根上能守护门，在食物上知道适量，致力于清醒觉知，具备七种善法，并且对于四种增上心、能带来当下快乐安住的禅定，是想得就能得到，没有困难，不费力气的。'
Atha kho āyasmā ānando mahānāmaṃ sakkaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘idha , mahānāma, ariyasāvako sīlasampanno hoti, indriyesu guttadvāro hoti, bhojane mattaññū hoti, jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti, sattahi saddhammehi samannāgato hoti, catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī.
24'摩诃男，怎样的圣弟子才算是具足戒呢？摩诃男，在这里，一位圣弟子是持戒的，他安住于以巴帝摩卡防护的约束中，行处具足，对微细的罪过也看到其可怕，他受持并学习着各种学处。摩诃男，这样的圣弟子，就是具足戒的。'
‘‘Kathañca, mahānāma , ariyasāvako sīlasampanno hoti? Idha, mahānāma, ariyasāvako sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Evaṃ kho, mahānāma, ariyasāvako sīlasampanno hoti.
4'摩诃男，怎样的圣弟子才算是在诸根上能守护门呢？摩诃男，在这里，一位圣弟子用眼睛看到色之后，不执取于其相，不执取于其细部特征。因为，如果他的眼根不加以防护地安住，那么贪爱、忧愁等恶不善法就会流入他的心。为了防护，他去实践，他守护眼根，在眼根上修习防护。用耳朵听到声音之后...用鼻子闻到气味之后...用舌头尝到味道之后...用身体触到触觉之后...用意识认知到法之后，不执取于其相，不执取于其细部特征。因为，如果他的意根不加以防护地安住，那么贪爱、忧愁等恶不善法就会流入他的心。为了防护，他去实践，他守护意根，在意根上修习防护。摩诃男，这样的圣弟子，就是在诸根上能守护门的。'
‘‘Kathañca, mahānāma, ariyasāvako indriyesu guttadvāro hoti? Idha, mahānāma, ariyasāvako cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā…pe… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā…pe… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati manindriyaṃ, manindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati . Evaṃ kho, mahānāma, ariyasāvako indriyesu guttadvāro hoti.
5'摩诃男，怎样的圣弟子才算是在食物上知道适量呢？摩诃男，在这里，一位圣弟子如理作意地取用食物：'不是为了嬉戏，不是为了沉醉，不是为了装饰，不是为了美观，而仅仅是为了这个身体的存续、支持，为了止息饥饿的苦受，为了助益梵行。如此，我就能断除旧的感受，并且不让新的感受生起，这将成为我的生存之道，没有过失，并且有安适的住。'摩诃男，这样的圣弟子，就是在食物上知道适量的。'
‘‘Kathañca, mahānāma, ariyasāvako bhojane mattaññū hoti? Idha, mahānāma, ariyasāvako paṭisaṅkhā yoniso āhāraṃ āhāreti – ‘neva davāya na madāya na maṇḍanāya na vibhūsanāya; yāvadeva imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā yāpanāya vihiṃsūparatiyā brahmacariyānuggahāya . Iti purāṇañca vedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi, navañca vedanaṃ na uppādessāmi, yātrā ca me bhavissati anavajjatā ca phāsuvihāro cā’ti. Evaṃ kho, mahānāma, ariyasāvako bhojane mattaññū hoti.
6'摩诃男，怎样的圣弟子是致力于清醒觉知的呢？摩诃男，在这里，一位圣弟子在白天，通过经行和端坐，来净化自心，使之远离种种障碍的法；在夜晚的初分，通过经行和端坐，来净化自心，使之远离种种障碍的法；在夜晚的中分，他以狮子卧的姿势右侧躺下，将一只脚叠在另一只脚上，保持正念、正知，心中系念着起身的时刻；在夜晚的后分，他又起身，通过经行和端坐，来净化自心，使之远离种种障碍的法。摩诃男，这样的圣弟子，就是致力于清醒觉知的。'
‘‘Kathañca, mahānāma, ariyasāvako jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti? Idha, mahānāma, ariyasāvako divasaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti, rattiyā paṭhamaṃ yāmaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti, rattiyā majjhimaṃ yāmaṃ dakkhiṇena passena sīhaseyyaṃ kappeti, pāde pādaṃ accādhāya, sato sampajāno, uṭṭhānasaññaṃ manasi karitvā, rattiyā pacchimaṃ yāmaṃ paccuṭṭhāya caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti. Evaṃ kho, mahānāma, ariyasāvako jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti.
25“摩诃男，圣弟子又是怎样具足七善法呢？摩诃男，是这样的，圣弟子有信，他相信如来的觉悟：‘那位世尊就是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊。’他有惭，对身体恶行、语言恶行、意恶行感到羞耻，对成就这些邪恶不善的法感到羞耻。他有愧，对身体恶行、语言恶行、意恶行感到畏惧，对成就这些邪恶不善的法感到畏惧。他多闻，能记住听闻的法，能积累听闻的法。那些在开头、中间、结尾都是善妙的，有内涵、有文采，完整圆满地宣说清净梵行的法，像这样的法，他都多听闻、能受持、熟练地诵习、用心思考过、用正见彻底通达了。他精进地安住，为了断除不善法，为了成就善法，他意志坚定、持续努力，在善法上从不懈怠。他有念，成就最上等的念与明觉，即使是长久以前做过的事、长久以前说过的话，他也能记得、能回忆起来。他有慧，成就了能观照生灭的智慧，那是能彻底摧毁烦恼、能正确地导向灭尽一切苦的圣智慧。摩诃男，圣弟子就是这样具足七善法的。”
‘‘Kathañca, mahānāma, ariyasāvako sattahi saddhammehi samannāgato hoti? Idha, mahānāma, ariyasāvako saddho hoti, saddahati tathāgatassa bodhiṃ – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Hirimā hoti, hirīyati kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena, hirīyati pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā. Ottappī hoti, ottappati kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena, ottappati pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā. Bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo. Ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthā sabyañjanā kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā. Āraddhavīriyo viharati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya, kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ upasampadāya, thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro kusalesu dhammesu. Satimā hoti, paramena satinepakkena samannāgato, cirakatampi cirabhāsitampi saritā anussaritā. Paññavā hoti, udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato, ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Evaṃ kho, mahānāma, ariyasāvako sattahi saddhammehi samannāgato hoti.
26“摩诃男，圣弟子又是怎样成为四禅那 —— 这些属于增上心、能在当下带来安乐住的境界 —— 的随意获得者、不费力获得者、不困难获得者呢？摩诃男，是这样的，圣弟子彻底远离了感官欲望，远离了不善法，有寻、有伺，由远离而生起喜与乐，进入并安住在初禅；随着寻与伺的止息，内心变得确定、清净……进入并安住在二禅；随着喜也褪去……进入并安住在三禅；随着乐的断除和苦的断除，先前愉快和不愉快的感受都消失了……进入并安住在四禅。摩诃男，圣弟子就是这样成为四禅那 —— 这些属于增上心、能在当下带来安乐住的境界 —— 的随意获得者、不费力获得者、不困难获得者的。”
‘‘Kathañca , mahānāma, ariyasāvako catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī? Idha, mahānāma, ariyasāvako vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi, savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati; vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati; pītiyā ca virāgā…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati; sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Evaṃ kho, mahānāma, ariyasāvako catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī.
27“摩诃男，当一位圣弟子这样具足戒、这样在诸根上守护门、这样能在食物上知量、这样致力于觉醒、这样具足七善法、这样成为四禅那 —— 这些属于增上心、能在当下带来安乐住的境界 —— 的随意获得者、不费力获得者、不困难获得者时，摩诃男，这位圣弟子就被称为正走在有学之道上的人，他的本质已不再脆弱，他有能力去突破，有能力去正觉，有能力去证得那无上的安稳解脱。摩诃男，譬如一只母鸡孵着八、十或十二个蛋。那些蛋被母鸡正确地伏卧、正确地温暖、正确地培育着。虽然那只母鸡心里并不会这样想：‘啊，但愿我的这些小鸡们，能用它们的爪尖或嘴尖啄破蛋壳，然后平安地破壳而出。’但是，那些小鸡依然有能力用它们的爪尖或嘴尖啄破蛋壳，平安地破壳而出。摩诃男，正是如此，当一位圣弟子这样具足戒……这样成为四禅那 —— 这些属于增上心、能在当下带来安乐住的境界 —— 的随意获得者、不费力获得者、不困难获得者时，摩诃男，这位圣弟子就被称为正走在有学之道上的人，他的本质已不再脆弱，他有能力去突破，有能力去正觉，有能力去证得那无上的安稳解脱。”
‘‘Yato kho, mahānāma, ariyasāvako evaṃ sīlasampanno hoti, evaṃ indriyesu guttadvāro hoti, evaṃ bhojane mattaññū hoti, evaṃ jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti, evaṃ sattahi saddhammehi samannāgato hoti, evaṃ catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī, ayaṃ vuccati, mahānāma, ariyasāvako sekho pāṭipado apuccaṇḍatāya samāpanno, bhabbo abhinibbhidāya, bhabbo sambodhāya, bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya. Seyyathāpi, mahānāma, kukkuṭiyā aṇḍāni aṭṭha vā dasa vā dvādasa vā tānāssu kukkuṭiyā sammā adhisayitāni sammā pariseditāni sammā paribhāvitāni, kiñcāpi tassā kukkuṭiyā na evaṃ icchā uppajjeyya – ‘aho vatime kukkuṭapotakā pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā sotthinā abhinibbhijjeyyu’nti, atha kho bhabbāva te kukkuṭapotakā pādanakhasikhāya vā mukhatuṇḍakena vā aṇḍakosaṃ padāletvā sotthinā abhinibbhijjituṃ. Evameva kho, mahānāma, yato ariyasāvako evaṃ sīlasampanno hoti, evaṃ indriyesu guttadvāro hoti, evaṃ bhojane mattaññū hoti, evaṃ jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti, evaṃ sattahi saddhammehi samannāgato hoti, evaṃ catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī, ayaṃ vuccati, mahānāma, ariyasāvako sekho pāṭipado apuccaṇḍatāya samāpanno , bhabbo abhinibbhidāya, bhabbo sambodhāya, bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya.
28“摩诃男，那位圣弟子，正是依靠这无上的舍念清净，回忆起自己过去无数的生命形态，例如：一生、两生……像这样，他能回忆起过去无数生的具体情况和详细特征，这就是他的第一次突破，如同小鸡从蛋壳中出来一样。”
‘‘Sa kho so, mahānāma, ariyasāvako imaṃyeva anuttaraṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ āgamma anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, ayamassa paṭhamābhinibbhidā hoti kukkuṭacchāpakasseva aṇḍakosamhā.
11“摩诃男，那位圣弟子，正是依靠这无上的舍念清净，以清净的、超越凡人的天眼，看见众生死亡、投生，低贱的、高贵的，美丽的、丑陋的，善处的、恶处的……他了解到众生都是随各自的业力而流转的，这就是他的第二次突破，如同小鸡从蛋壳中出来一样。”
‘‘Sa kho so, mahānāma, ariyasāvako imaṃye anuttaraṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ āgamma dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate…pe… yathākammūpage satte pajānāti, ayamassa dutiyābhinibbhidā hoti kukkuṭacchāpakasseva aṇḍakosamhā.
12“摩诃男，那位圣弟子，正是依靠这无上的舍念清净，彻底断尽了一切烦恼，在当下亲自以智慧实证并安住于无烦恼的心解脱和慧解脱，这就是他的第三次突破，如同小鸡从蛋壳中出来一样。”
‘‘Sa kho so, mahānāma, ariyasāvako imaṃyeva anuttaraṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ āgamma āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati, ayamassa tatiyābhinibbhidā hoti kukkuṭacchāpakasseva aṇḍakosamhā.
29摩诃男，凡是圣弟子具足戒行，这属于他的‘行’；摩诃男，凡是圣弟子在诸根上守护根门，这属于他的‘行’；摩诃男，凡是圣弟子在饮食上知道适量，这属于他的‘行’；摩诃男，凡是圣弟子致力于觉醒，这属于他的‘行’；摩诃男，凡是圣弟子具备了七种善法，这属于他的‘行’；摩诃男，凡是圣弟子对于四种增上心禅定、当生乐住这些，能够随意获得，不费力获得，不困难获得，这属于他的‘行’。
‘‘Yampi , mahānāma, ariyasāvako sīlasampanno hoti, idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ; yampi, mahānāma, ariyasāvako indriyesu guttadvāro hoti, idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ; yampi, mahānāma, ariyasāvako bhojane mattaññū hoti, idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ; yampi, mahānāma, ariyasāvako jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti, idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ; yampi, mahānāma, ariyasāvako sattahi saddhammehi samannāgato hoti, idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ; yampi, mahānāma, ariyasāvako catunnaṃ jhānānaṃ ābhicetasikānaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihārānaṃ nikāmalābhī hoti akicchalābhī akasiralābhī, idampissa hoti caraṇasmiṃ.
14摩诃男，凡是圣弟子能够随念种种过去生，也就是说，能记忆一生、两生……乃至能随念种种过去生的细节与概况，这属于他的‘明’；摩诃男，凡是圣弟子以清净的、超越常人范围的天眼，看见众生死去、投生，低贱的、高贵的，美丽的、丑陋的，善趣的、恶趣的……乃至能了知众生依其业行而流转，这属于他的‘明’。摩诃男，凡是圣弟子通过灭尽诸烦恼，在这生之中亲自以智证得无漏的、心解脱与慧解脱，并且安住其中，这属于他的‘明’。
‘‘Yañca kho, mahānāma, ariyasāvako anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo…pe… iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, idampissa hoti vijjāya; yampi, mahānāma, ariyasāvako dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate…pe… yathākammūpage satte pajānāti, idampissa hoti vijjāya. Yampi, mahānāma, ariyasāvako āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati, idampissa hoti vijjāya.
15摩诃男，这便称为‘圣弟子具足明’，也称为‘具足行’，也称为‘具足明与行’。
‘‘Ayaṃ vuccati, mahānāma, ariyasāvako vijjāsampanno itipi caraṇasampanno itipi vijjācaraṇasampanno itipi.
30摩诃男，常童子梵天也曾说过这偈颂：
‘‘Brahmunāpesā, mahānāma, sanaṅkumārena gāthā bhāsitā –
17‘生在族姓中的人，刹帝利最为尊贵；
‘Khattiyo seṭṭho janetasmiṃ, ye gottapaṭisārino;
18但具足明与行者，他在诸天与人间才是最尊贵的。’
Vijjācaraṇasampanno, so seṭṭho devamānuse’ti.
19“摩诃男，这首偈颂是常童子梵天善吟诵而非不善吟诵的，是善表述而非不善表述的，是意义连贯而非意义不连贯的，并且得到了世尊的认可。”
‘‘Sā kho panesā, mahānāma, brahmunā sanaṅkumārena gāthā sugītā no duggītā, subhāsitā no dubbhāsitā, atthasaṃhitā no anatthasaṃhitā, anumatā bhagavatā’’ti.
20那时，世尊坐起身来，对阿难尊者说：“善哉，善哉，阿难。阿难，你为咖毕拉瓦图的释迦人讲说这有学之道，实在讲得好。”
Atha kho bhagavā uṭṭhahitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘sādhu sādhu, ānanda, sādhu kho tvaṃ, ānanda, kāpilavatthavānaṃ sakyānaṃ sekhaṃ pāṭipadaṃ abhāsī’’ti.
21阿难尊者这样说了。导师表示了认可。咖毕拉瓦图的释迦族人内心喜悦，对阿难尊者的说法感到欢喜。
Idamavocāyasmā ānando. Samanuñño satthā ahosi. Attamanā kāpilavatthavā sakyā āyasmato ānandassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
22有学经完 第三
Sekhasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.