MN 52 · 阿塔咖那嘎拉经
17如是我闻：有一次，具寿阿难住在毗舍离的贝卢瓦村。那时，来自阿塔咖城的第十居士正好因事来到巴塔厘子城。处理完事务后，第十居士去了鸡园，找到了一位比丘；他走近那位比丘，礼敬后，坐在一边。坐在一边后，第十居士就问那位比丘："尊者，请问具寿阿难现在住在哪里？我很想去拜见他。"那位比丘说："居士，具寿阿难现在住在毗舍离的贝卢瓦村。"于是，第十居士在巴塔厘子城办完事后，就前往毗舍离的贝卢瓦村，去找具寿阿难；到了之后，他向具寿阿难礼敬，然后坐在一边。
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ānando vesāliyaṃ viharati beluvagāmake . Tena kho pana samayena dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro pāṭaliputtaṃ anuppatto hoti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Atha kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro yena kukkuṭārāmo yena aññataro bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho, bhante, āyasmā ānando etarahi viharati? Dassanakāmā hi mayaṃ taṃ āyasmantaṃ ānanda’’nti. ‘‘Eso, gahapati, āyasmā ānando vesāliyaṃ viharati beluvagāmake’’ti. Atha kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro pāṭaliputte taṃ karaṇīyaṃ tīretvā yena vesālī yena beluvagāmako yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi.
18坐在一边后，阿塔咖城的第十居士对具寿阿难这样说："阿难尊者，那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉的世尊，是否开示过一个法门，能让一位不放逸、精勤、意志坚定的比丘，在依此修习时，使未解脱的心得到解脱，让未灭尽的烦恼彻底灭尽，并证得那从未达到的无上离轭安稳呢？"
Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi nu kho, bhante ānanda, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti , ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇātī’’ti?
3"有的，居士。那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉的世尊，确实开示过一个法门，能让一位不放逸、精勤、意志坚定的比丘，在依此修习时，使未解脱的心得到解脱，让未灭尽的烦恼彻底灭尽，并证得那从未达到的无上离轭安稳。"
‘‘Atthi kho, gahapati, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇātī’’ti.
4"阿难尊者，那么，那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉的世尊所开示的那个法门究竟是什么？能让一位不放逸、精勤、意志坚定的比丘，在依此修习时，使未解脱的心得到解脱，让未灭尽的烦恼彻底灭尽，并证得那从未达到的无上离轭安稳。"
‘‘Katamo pana, bhante ānanda, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇātī’’ti?
19"居士，在此，一位比丘彻底远离感官欲望，远离不善法，进入并安住于有寻有伺、由远离而生起喜乐的初禅。他这样省察：'这个初禅也是造作出来的，是思惟所产生的。而任何造作、思惟所产生的事物，都是无常的，是会灭去的。'他了知这点。他安住于此，便能达到烦恼的灭尽。如果他未能达到烦恼的灭尽，凭着这法喜、凭着这法乐，在五下分结灭尽之后，他会成为一位化生者，在那里般涅槃，永远不会再退转回此世间。居士，这也是那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉的世尊所开示的一个法门，能让一位不放逸、精勤、意志坚定的比丘，在依此修习时，使未解脱的心得到解脱，让未灭尽的烦恼彻底灭尽，并证得那从未达到的无上离轭安稳。
‘‘Idha, gahapati, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘idampi paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamma’nti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti. No ce āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti, teneva dhammarāgena tāya dhammanandiyā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Ayampi kho, gahapati, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
20"再者，居士，一位比丘止息了寻和伺，内心变得宁静、专一，进入并安住于无寻无伺、由定而生起喜乐的第二禅。他这样省察：'这个第二禅也是造作出来的，是思惟所产生的……证得那从未达到的无上离轭安稳。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘idampi kho dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
7再者，居士，从喜乐的消退……比丘进入并住于第三禅。他这样省察：‘这第三禅也是造作的、思惟所成的。而任何造作的、思惟所成的东西，都是无常的、会灭去的。’当他这样了知时……他就证得了无上安稳。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu pītiyā ca virāgā…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘idampi kho tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ…pe… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
8再者，居士，从舍弃乐……比丘进入并住于第四禅。他这样省察：‘这第四禅也是造作的、思惟所成的。而任何造作的、思惟所成的东西，都是无常的、会灭去的。’当他这样了知时……他就证得了无上安稳。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā …pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘idampi kho catutthaṃ jhānaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
9再者，居士，比丘以与慈俱行的心，遍满一个方向而住，同样的，第二个方向，同样的，第三个方向，同样的，第四个方向。就这样，向上、向下、横向、遍及一切处、整个世界，他以与慈俱行的、广大的、崇高的、无量的、无敌意、无伤害的心遍满而住。他这样省察：‘这慈心解脱也是造作的、思惟所成的。而任何造作的、思惟所成的东西，都是无常的、会灭去的。’当他这样了知时，安住于此处……他就证得了无上安稳。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ . Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ayampi kho mettācetovimutti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamma’nti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito…pe… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
10再者，居士，比丘以与悲俱行的心……以与喜俱行的心……以与舍俱行的心，遍满一个方向而住，同样的，第二个方向，同样的，第三个方向，同样的，第四个方向。就这样，向上、向下、横向、遍及一切处、整个世界，他以与舍俱行的、广大的、崇高的、无量的、无敌意、无伤害的心遍满而住。他这样省察：‘这舍心解脱也是造作的、思惟所成的。而任何造作的、思惟所成的东西，都是无常的、会灭去的。’当他这样了知时，安住于此处……他就证得了无上安稳。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu karuṇāsahagatena cetasā…pe… muditāsahagatena cetasā…pe… upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ayampi kho upekkhācetovimutti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamma’nti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
11再者，居士，比丘完全超越一切色想，灭去有对想，不去注意种种想，以‘虚空是无边的’概念，进入并住于空无边处。他这样省察：‘这空无边处定也是造作的、思惟所成的。而任何造作的、思惟所成的东西，都是无常的、会灭去的。’当他这样了知时，安住于此处……他就证得了无上安稳。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ayampi kho ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpatti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamma’nti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito…pe… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
12再者，居士，比丘完全超越空无边处，以‘识是无边的’概念，进入并住于识无边处。他这样省察：‘这识无边处定也是造作的、思惟所成的。而任何造作的、思惟所成的东西，都是无常的、会灭去的。’当他这样了知时，安住于此处……他就证得了无上安稳。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ayampi kho viññāṇañcāyatanasamāpatti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamma’nti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito…pe… anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti.
13居士，再者，有比丘完全超越识无边处，成就‘什么都没有’的无所有处而住。他这样省察：‘这无所有处定也是造作出来的、思惟出来的。任何造作出来、思惟出来的，都是无常、灭法。’他了知这一点。安住于此，他证得诸漏的灭尽。如果不能证得漏尽，则因那种对法的贪染、那种对法的喜悦，他断尽五下分结，成为化生者，在那里般涅槃，不再从那世间返回。居士，那位具足知见的世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者也开示了这单一法门，比丘依此精勤不放逸地住于修行，便能让未解脱的心解脱，让未尽的诸漏灭尽，并证得尚未证得的无上离轭安稳。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘ayampi kho ākiñcaññāyatanasamāpatti abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā. Yaṃ kho pana kiñci abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ tadaniccaṃ nirodhadhamma’nti pajānāti. So tattha ṭhito āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti. No ce āsavānaṃ khayaṃ pāpuṇāti, teneva dhammarāgena tāya dhammanandiyā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko hoti tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā. Ayampi kho, gahapati, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena ekadhammo akkhāto yattha bhikkhuno appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato avimuttañceva cittaṃ vimuccati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇātī’’ti.
21听了这话，阿塔咖城的第十居士对阿难尊者说：‘阿难尊者，这就好比有个人只寻找一个宝藏入口，却一下子找到了十一个宝藏入口；同样地，我原本只寻找一个不死之门，却一下子获得了十一个不死之门来修习。尊者，又好比有人的房子有十一个门，当房子着火时，他可以从任何一个门安全地逃出去；同样地，我也能从这十一个不死之门中的任何一个门，让自己获得安全。尊者，连那些外道都会为他们的老师寻求老师的资具，何况我怎能不对阿难尊者作供养呢！’于是，阿塔咖城的第十居士召集了巴塔厘子城和毗舍离的比丘僧团，亲手以精美的嚼食和啖食供养他们，令他们饱足满意，并供养每一位比丘一套袈裟衣料，供养阿难尊者三衣，还为阿难尊者建造了一座价值五百钱的精舍。
Evaṃ vutte, dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘seyyathāpi, bhante ānanda, puriso ekaṃva nidhimukhaṃ gavesanto sakideva ekādasa nidhimukhāni adhigaccheyya; evameva kho ahaṃ, bhante, ekaṃ amatadvāraṃ gavesanto sakideva ekādasa amatadvārāni alatthaṃ bhāvanāya. Seyyathāpi, bhante, purisassa agāraṃ ekādasadvāraṃ, so tasmiṃ agāre āditte ekamekenapi dvārena sakkuṇeyya attānaṃ sotthiṃ kātuṃ; evameva kho ahaṃ, bhante, imesaṃ ekādasannaṃ amatadvārānaṃ ekamekenapi amatadvārena sakkuṇissāmi attānaṃ sotthiṃ kātuṃ. Imehi nāma, bhante, aññatitthiyā ācariyassa ācariyadhanaṃ pariyesissanti, kimaṅgaṃ panāhaṃ āyasmato ānandassa pūjaṃ na karissāmī’’ti ! Atha kho dasamo gahapati aṭṭhakanāgaro pāṭaliputtakañca vesālikañca bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātetvā paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi, ekamekañca bhikkhuṃ paccekaṃ dussayugena acchādesi, āyasmantañca ānandaṃ ticīvarena acchādesi, āyasmato ca ānandassa pañcasatavihāraṃ kārāpesīti.
15阿塔咖那嘎拉经完 第二
Aṭṭhakanāgarasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dutiyaṃ.