MN 17 · 林野经
190如是我闻：一时，世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时，世尊对诸比丘说：“诸比丘。”“尊者！”诸比丘回答世尊。世尊这样说：“诸比丘，我将为你们讲说林薮法门。你们要仔细听，善加思惟，我这就说。”“是的，尊者。”诸比丘回答世尊。世尊这样说：
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘vanapatthapariyāyaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi, taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasikarotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
191“诸比丘，这里有一位比丘依止某处林薮而住。当他依止那处林薮而住时，未现起的念未能现起，未得定的心无法得定，未灭尽的诸漏不能趋于灭尽，尚未证得的无上安稳未能证得。而那些出家者维持生命所必需的资具——衣、食、住处、病缘医药资具——都很难获得。诸比丘，那位比丘应当这样反思：‘我依止这处林薮而住。当我依止这处林薮而住时，未现起的念未能现起，未得定的心无法得定，未灭尽的诸漏不能趋于灭尽，尚未证得的无上安稳未能证得。而出家者维持生命所必需的资具——衣、食、住处、病缘医药资具——都很难获得。’诸比丘，那位比丘应当就在当夜或当日离开那处林薮，不应再继续住下去。”
‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu aññataraṃ vanapatthaṃ upanissāya viharati. Tassa taṃ vanapatthaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati na upaṭṭhāti, asamāhitañca cittaṃ na samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā na parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nānupāpuṇāti. Ye ca kho ime pabbajitena jīvitaparikkhārā samudānetabbā – cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā – te kasirena samudāgacchanti. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘ahaṃ kho imaṃ vanapatthaṃ upanissāya viharāmi, tassa me imaṃ vanapatthaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati na upaṭṭhāti, asamāhitañca cittaṃ na samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā na parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nānupāpuṇāmi. Ye ca kho ime pabbajitena jīvitaparikkhārā samudānetabbā – cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā – te kasirena samudāgacchantī’ti. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā rattibhāgaṃ vā divasabhāgaṃ vā tamhā vanapatthā pakkamitabbaṃ, na vatthabbaṃ.
192“再者，诸比丘，有比丘依止某处林薮而住。当他依止那处林薮而住时，未现起的念不能现起，未得定的心不能得定，未灭尽的诸漏不能趋于灭尽，尚未证得的无上安稳不能证得。然而，出家者赖以维持生命的资具——衣、食、住处、病缘医药资具——这些却不难获得。诸比丘，那位比丘应当这样反思：‘我依止这处林薮而住。当我依止这处林薮而住时，未现起的念不能现起，未得定的心不能得定，未灭尽的诸漏不能趋于灭尽，尚未证得的无上安稳不能证得。而出家者赖以维持生命的资具——衣、食、住处、病缘医药资具——这些却不难获得。然而，我并非为了衣而出家，并非为了食而出家，并非为了住处而出家，并非为了病缘医药资具而出家。可是，当我依止这处林薮而住时，未现起的念不能现起，未得定的心不能得定，未灭尽的诸漏不能趋于灭尽，尚未证得的无上安稳不能证得。’ 诸比丘，经过如此思惟，那位比丘应当离开那处林薮，不应再继续住下。”
‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu aññataraṃ vanapatthaṃ upanissāya viharati. Tassa taṃ vanapatthaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati na upaṭṭhāti, asamāhitañca cittaṃ na samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā na parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nānupāpuṇāti. Ye ca kho ime pabbajitena jīvitaparikkhārā samudānetabbā – cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā – te appakasirena samudāgacchanti. Tena , bhikkhave, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘ahaṃ kho imaṃ vanapatthaṃ upanissāya viharāmi. Tassa me imaṃ vanapatthaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati na upaṭṭhāti asamāhitañca cittaṃ na samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā na parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nānupāpuṇāmi. Ye ca kho ime pabbajitena jīvitaparikkhārā samudānetabbā – cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā – te appakasirena samudāgacchanti. Na kho panāhaṃ cīvarahetu agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito na piṇḍapātahetu…pe… na senāsanahetu…pe… na gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārahetu agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito. Atha ca pana me imaṃ vanapatthaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati na upaṭṭhāti, asamāhitañca cittaṃ na samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā na parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nānupāpuṇāmī’ti. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā saṅkhāpi tamhā vanapatthā pakkamitabbaṃ, na vatthabbaṃ.
193“然而，诸比丘，在此，有比丘依止某处林薮而住。当他依止那处林薮而住时，原先未现起的念得以现起，未入定的心得入定，未灭尽的诸漏趋向灭尽，尚未证得的无上安稳得以证得；可是，出家众赖以维生的资具——衣、食、住处、病缘医药资具——却很艰难才能获得。诸比丘，那位比丘应这样反思：‘我依止这处林薮而住。当我依止这处林薮而住时，原先未现起的念得以现起，未入定的心得入定，未灭尽的诸漏趋向灭尽，尚未证得的无上安稳得以证得。而那些出家者赖以维生的资具——衣、食、住处、病缘医药资具——都很艰难才能获得。然而，我并非为衣而出家，并非为食而出家，并非为住处而出家，并非为病缘医药资具而出家。但我依止这处林薮而住时，原先未现起的念得以现起，未入定的心得入定，未灭尽的诸漏趋向灭尽，尚未证得的无上安稳得以证得。’诸比丘，经过这样深思之后，那位比丘应留在那处林薮，不应离开。”
‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu aññataraṃ vanapatthaṃ upanissāya viharati. Tassa taṃ vanapatthaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati upaṭṭhāti, asamāhitañca cittaṃ samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti. Ye ca kho ime pabbajitena jīvitaparikkhārā samudānetabbā – cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā, te kasirena samudāgacchanti. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘ahaṃ kho imaṃ vanapatthaṃ upanissāya viharāmi. Tassa me imaṃ vanapatthaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati upaṭṭhāti asamāhitañca cittaṃ samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāmi. Ye ca kho ime pabbajitena jīvitaparikkhārā samudānetabbā – cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā – te kasirena samudāgacchanti. Na kho panāhaṃ cīvarahetu agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito, na piṇḍapātahetu…pe… na senāsanahetu…pe… na gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārahetu agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito . Atha ca pana me imaṃ vanapatthaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati upaṭṭhāti, asamāhitañca cittaṃ samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāmī’ti. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā saṅkhāpi tasmiṃ vanapatthe vatthabbaṃ, na pakkamitabbaṃ.
194“复次，诸比丘，有比丘依止某处林薮而住。当他依止那处林薮而住时，未现起的念得以现起，未得定的心得以入定，未灭尽的诸漏趋向灭尽，尚未证得的无上轭安稳得以证得。而且，那些出家者赖以维持生命的资具——衣、食、住、病缘医药——皆不难获得。诸比丘，那位比丘应如是省察：‘我依止此林薮而住。当我依止此林薮而住时，未现起的念得以现起，未得定的心得以入定，未灭尽的诸漏趋向灭尽，尚未证得的无上轭安稳得以证得。而出家者赖以维持生命的资具——衣、食、住、病缘医药——皆不难获得。’诸比丘，那位比丘应终生住于此林薮中，不应离去。”
‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu aññataraṃ vanapatthaṃ upanissāya viharati. Tassa taṃ vanapatthaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati upaṭṭhāti, asamāhitañca cittaṃ samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti. Ye ca kho ime pabbajitena jīvitaparikkhārā samudānetabbā – cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā – te appakasirena samudāgacchanti. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘ahaṃ kho imaṃ vanapatthaṃ upanissāya viharāmi. Tassa me imaṃ vanapatthaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati upaṭṭhāti asamāhitañca cittaṃ samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāmi. Ye ca kho ime pabbajitena jīvitaparikkhārā samudānetabbā – cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā – te appakasirena samudāgacchantī’ti . Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā yāvajīvampi tasmiṃ vanapatthe vatthabbaṃ, na pakkamitabbaṃ.
195“复次，诸比丘，有比丘依止某处村落而住，依止某处城镇而住，依止某座城市而住，依止某个邦国而住，或依止某个人而住。当他依止此人而住时，未现起的念不能现起，未得定的心不得定，未灭尽的诸漏不趋向灭尽，尚未证得的无上轭安稳不能证得。而出家者赖以维持生命的资具——衣、食、住、病缘医药——皆极难获得。诸比丘，那位比丘应如是省察：‘我依止此人而住。当我依止此人而住时，未现起的念不能现起，未得定的心不得定，未灭尽的诸漏不趋向灭尽，尚未证得的无上轭安稳不能证得。而出家者赖以维持生命的资具——衣、食、住、病缘医药——皆极难获得。’诸比丘，那位比丘应即于当夜或当日，向那人告辞离去，不应继续随从。”
‘‘Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu aññataraṃ gāmaṃ upanissāya viharati …pe… aññataraṃ nigamaṃ upanissāya viharati…pe… aññataraṃ nagaraṃ upanissāya viharati…pe… aññataraṃ janapadaṃ upanissāya viharati…pe… aññataraṃ puggalaṃ upanissāya viharati. Tassa taṃ puggalaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati na upaṭṭhāti, asamāhitañca cittaṃ na samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā na parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nānupāpuṇāti. Ye ca kho ime pabbajitena jīvitaparikkhārā samudānetabbā – cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā – te kasirena samudāgacchanti. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘ahaṃ kho imaṃ puggalaṃ upanissāya viharāmi. Tassa me imaṃ puggalaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati na upaṭṭhāti, asamāhitañca cittaṃ na samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā na parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nānupāpuṇāmi. Ye ca kho ime pabbajitena jīvitaparikkhārā samudānetabbā – cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā – te kasirena samudāgacchantī’ti. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā rattibhāgaṃ vā divasabhāgaṃ vā so puggalo anāpucchā pakkamitabbaṃ, nānubandhitabbo.
196再者，诸比丘，有位比丘依止某个人而住。当他依止这个人而住时，尚未现前的念不能现前，尚未得定的心不能得定，尚未断尽的烦恼不走向断尽，尚未证得的无上安稳不能证得。然而，那些出家人必须筹办的生活资具——衣服、食物、住处、医药，却毫不费力就可获得。诸比丘，在这种情况下，那位比丘应当这样仔细省察：‘我依止这个人而住。在我依止这个人而住的时候，尚未现前的念不能现前，尚未得定的心不能得定，尚未断尽的烦恼不走向断尽，尚未证得的无上安稳不能证得。而比丘生活所需的资具——衣服、食物、住处、医药，虽然毫不费力就可获得，但我并不是为了衣服而从俗家出家进入非家，不是为了食物……不是为了住处……不是为了医药而从俗家出家进入非家。可是，依止这个人而住时，尚未现前的念不能现前，尚未得定的心不能得定，尚未断尽的烦恼不走向断尽，尚未证得的无上安稳不能证得。’诸比丘，经过这样的省察，那位比丘应当辞别此人而离开，不应继续跟随他。
‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu aññataraṃ puggalaṃ upanissāya viharati. Tassa taṃ puggalaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati na upaṭṭhāti, asamāhitañca cittaṃ na samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā na parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nānupāpuṇāti. Ye ca kho ime pabbajitena jīvitaparikkhārā samudānetabbā – cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā, te appakasirena samudāgacchanti. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘ahaṃ kho imaṃ puggalaṃ upanissāya viharāmi. Tassa me imaṃ puggalaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati na upaṭṭhāti, asamāhitañca cittaṃ na samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā na parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nānupāpuṇāmi. Ye ca kho ime pabbajitena jīvitaparikkhārā samudānetabbā – cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā – te appakasirena samudāgacchanti. Na kho panāhaṃ cīvarahetu agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito, na piṇḍapātahetu…pe… na senāsanahetu…pe… na gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārahetu agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito. Atha ca pana me imaṃ puggalaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati na upaṭṭhāti, asamāhitañca cittaṃ na samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā na parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ nānupāpuṇāmī’ti. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā saṅkhāpi so puggalo āpucchā pakkamitabbaṃ, nānubandhitabbo.
197再者，诸比丘，有比丘依止某人而住。当他依止此人而住时，未现前的念得以现前，未得定的心得以入定，未断尽的烦恼趣向断尽，未证得的无上安稳得以证得。然而，出家人所赖以活命的衣、食、住、药这些资具，却十分费力才能获得。诸比丘，此时那位比丘应这样仔细省察：‘我依止此人而住。依止此人而住时，未现前的念得以现前，未得定的心得以入定，未断尽的烦恼趣向断尽，未证得的无上安稳得以证得。而出家人所赖以活命的衣、食、住、药这些资具，虽十分费力才能获得，但我并非为了衣物而从俗家出家过无家的生活，并非为了食物……并非为了住处……并非为了医药而从俗家出家过无家的生活。然而，我依止此人而住时，未现前的念得以现前，未得定的心得以入定，未断尽的烦恼趣向断尽，未证得的无上安稳得以证得。’诸比丘，经过这样省察，那位比丘应当继续依止此人，不应离开。
‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu aññataraṃ puggalaṃ upanissāya viharati. Tassa taṃ puggalaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati upaṭṭhāti, asamāhitañca cittaṃ samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti. Ye ca kho ime pabbajitena jīvitaparikkhārā samudānetabbā – cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā – te kasirena samudāgacchanti. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘ahaṃ kho imaṃ puggalaṃ upanissāya viharāmi. Tassa me imaṃ puggalaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati upaṭṭhāti, asamāhitañca cittaṃ samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāmi. Ye ca kho ime pabbajitena jīvitaparikkhārā samudānetabbā – cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā – te kasirena samudāgacchanti. Na kho panāhaṃ cīvarahetu agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito, na piṇḍapātahetu…pe… na senāsanahetu…pe… na gilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārahetu agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito. Atha ca pana me imaṃ puggalaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati upaṭṭhāti, asamāhitañca cittaṃ samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāmī’ti. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā saṅkhāpi so puggalo anubandhitabbo, na pakkamitabbaṃ.
198再者，诸比丘，有比丘依止某人而住。当他依止此人而住时，未现前的念得以现前，未得定的心得以入定，未断尽的烦恼趣向断尽，未证得的无上安稳得以证得。而且，出家人所赖以活命的衣、食、住、药这些资具，也都毫不费力地获得了。诸比丘，此时那位比丘应这样仔细省察：‘我依止此人而住。依止此人而住时，未现前的念得以现前，未得定的心得以入定，未断尽的烦恼趣向断尽，未证得的无上安稳得以证得。而出家人所赖以活命的衣、食、住、药这些资具，也都毫不费力地获得了。’诸比丘，经过这样省察，那位比丘终其一生都应继续依止此人，即使被驱赶，也不应离开。
‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu aññataraṃ puggalaṃ upanissāya viharati. Tassa taṃ puggalaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati upaṭṭhāti, asamāhitañca cittaṃ samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti , ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāti. Ye ca kho ime pabbajitena jīvitaparikkhārā samudānetabbā – cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā – te appakasirena samudāgacchanti. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘ahaṃ kho imaṃ puggalaṃ upanissāya viharāmi . Tassa me imaṃ puggalaṃ upanissāya viharato anupaṭṭhitā ceva sati upaṭṭhāti, asamāhitañca cittaṃ samādhiyati, aparikkhīṇā ca āsavā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti, ananuppattañca anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ anupāpuṇāmi. Ye ca kho ime pabbajitena jīvitaparikkhārā samudānetabbā – cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārā – te appakasirena samudāgacchantī’ti. Tena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā yāvajīvampi so puggalo anubandhitabbo, na pakkamitabbaṃ, api panujjamānenapī’’ti .
10世尊如此开示。比丘们心满意足，对世尊的开示欢喜信受。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
11《林野经》第七终
Vanapatthasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ sattamaṃ.