MN 144 · 教诫阐那经
389如是我闻：一时，世尊住在王舍城的竹林迦兰陀迦鸟园。那时，尊者舍利弗、尊者大准陀与尊者阐那共住于灵鹫山。当时，尊者阐那正患病在身，痛苦不堪，病势沉重。于是，尊者舍利弗在傍晚时分，从禅坐中起来，前往尊者大准陀的住处。到后，对尊者大准陀这样说：“来吧，准陀学友！我们去探望病中的阐那学友。”“好的，学友！”尊者大准陀回答尊者舍利弗。
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahācundo āyasmā ca channo gijjhakūṭe pabbate viharanti. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā channo ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahācundo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahācundaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyāmāvuso cunda, yenāyasmā channo tenupasaṅkamissāma gilānapucchakā’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho āyasmā mahācundo āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosi.
2于是，具寿舍利弗与具寿大准陀一同来到具寿车匿处。到了之后，与具寿车匿相互问候致意。互叙亲切话语后，退坐一面。退坐一面后，具寿舍利弗对具寿车匿说：“车匿贤友，您还能堪忍吗？还能维持吗？您的痛苦感受是在减弱、而非增长吗？看得出是在减弱、而非增长吗？”
Atha kho āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahācundo yenāyasmā channo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā channena saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ channaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kacci te, āvuso channa, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ? Kacci te dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti, no abhikkamanti; paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no abhikkamo’’ti?
3车匿尊者说：“舍利弗贤友，我无法忍受，难以支撑。我剧烈的痛苦感受正在加剧，不见消退；其增强显而易见，消退则无。舍利弗贤友，就像一个强壮的人，用锋利的锥子钻刺我的头顶；同样地，舍利弗贤友，猛烈的风病正在穿刺我的头颅。我无法忍受，难以支撑。我剧烈的痛苦感受正在加剧，不见消退；其增强显而易见，消退则无。舍利弗贤友，又像一个强壮的人，用坚韧的皮带紧紧勒住我的头；同样地，舍利弗贤友，我的头部正感受剧烈的头痛。我无法忍受，难以支撑。我剧烈的痛苦感受正在加剧，不见消退；其增强显而易见，消退则无。舍利弗贤友，又像一位熟练的屠牛者或他的学徒，用锋利的切肉刀割开我的腹部；同样地，舍利弗贤友，猛烈的风病正在割裂我的腹部。我无法忍受，难以支撑。我剧烈的痛苦感受正在加剧，不见消退；其增强显而易见，消退则无。舍利弗贤友，又好像两个强壮的人抓住一个体弱的人，将他按在炭火坑上烤灼，彻底地烧灼；同样地，舍利弗贤友，我体内有着剧烈的灼热感。我无法忍受，难以支撑。我剧烈的痛苦感受正在加剧，不见消退；其增强显而易见，消退则无。舍利弗贤友，我将执刀，不再期待生命。”
‘‘Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi , āvuso sāriputta, balavā puriso tiṇhena sikharena muddhani abhimattheyya; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimattā vātā muddhani ūhananti. Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, āvuso sāriputta, balavā puriso daḷhena varattakkhaṇḍena sīse sīsaveṭhaṃ dadeyya; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimattā sīse sīsavedanā. Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, āvuso sāriputta, dakkho goghātako vā goghātakantevāsī vā tiṇhena govikantanena kucchiṃ parikanteyya; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimattā vātā kucchiṃ parikantanti. Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, āvuso sāriputta, dve balavanto purisā dubbalataraṃ purisaṃ nānābāhāsu gahetvā aṅgārakāsuyā santāpeyyuṃ samparitāpeyyuṃ; evameva kho me, āvuso sāriputta, adhimatto kāyasmiṃ ḍāho. Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ. Bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti, no paṭikkamanti; abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati, no paṭikkamo. Satthaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, āharissāmi, nāvakaṅkhāmi jīvita’’nti.
390舍利弗尊者说：“车匿尊者，切莫用刀。车匿尊者，请您活下去。我们恳愿您活下去。若车匿尊者缺少合适的饮食，我当为您寻找合适的饮食。若车匿尊者缺少合适的医药，我当为您寻找合适的医药。若车匿尊者缺少合适的看护者，我当亲自照顾您。车匿尊者，切莫用刀。车匿尊者，请您活下去。我们恳愿您活下去。”
‘‘Māyasmā channo satthaṃ āharesi. Yāpetāyasmā channo. Yāpentaṃ mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ icchāma. Sace āyasmato channassa natthi sappāyāni bhojanāni, ahaṃ āyasmato channassa sappāyāni bhojanāni pariyesissāmi. Sace āyasmato channassa natthi sappāyāni bhesajjāni, ahaṃ āyasmato channassa sappāyāni bhesajjāni pariyesissāmi. Sace āyasmato channassa natthi patirūpā upaṭṭhākā, ahaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ upaṭṭhahissāmi. Māyasmā channo satthaṃ āharesi. Yāpetāyasmā channo. Yāpentaṃ mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ icchāmā’’ti.
5“舍利弗贤友，我并非没有合适的食物，并非没有合适的医药，也并非没有合适的看护者。只是，舍利弗贤友，我长久以来一直以令世尊满意的方式侍奉他，从不曾令他不满。舍利弗贤友，身为弟子，理应以令导师满意的方式侍奉，而不是令他不满。舍利弗贤友，你应当这样记住：‘车匿比丘将无过失地用刀。’”舍利弗尊者说：“我们想就某些问题向车匿尊者请教，若车匿尊者愿意答复的话。”车匿尊者说：“舍利弗贤友，请问吧，听了之后我会明白。”
‘‘Napi me, āvuso sāriputta, natthi sappāyāni bhojanāni; napi me natthi sappāyāni bhesajjāni; napi me natthi patirūpā upaṭṭhākā; api cāvuso sāriputta , pariciṇṇo me satthā dīgharattaṃ manāpeneva no amanāpena. Etañhi, āvuso sāriputta, sāvakassa patirūpaṃ yaṃ satthāraṃ paricareyya manāpeneva no amanāpena. ‘Anupavajjaṃ channo bhikkhu satthaṃ āharissatī’ti evametaṃ , āvuso sāriputta, dhārehī’’ti. ‘‘Puccheyyāma mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ kañcideva desaṃ, sace āyasmā channo okāsaṃ karoti pañhassa veyyākaraṇāyā’’ti. ‘‘Pucchāvuso sāriputta, sutvā vedissāmī’’ti.
391「“阐那贤友，你对于眼、眼识及眼识所识知的法，是否这样观察：‘这是我的，我即是此，这是我的我’？阐那贤友，你对于耳、耳识……阐那贤友，你对于鼻、鼻识……阐那贤友，你对于舌、舌识……阐那贤友，你对于身、身识……阐那贤友，你对于意、意识及意识所识知的法，是否也这样观察：‘这是我的，我即是此，这是我的我’？”」
‘‘Cakkhuṃ, āvuso channa, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti samanupassasi? Sotaṃ, āvuso channa, sotaviññāṇaṃ…pe… ghānaṃ, āvuso channa, ghānaviññāṇaṃ… jivhaṃ, āvuso channa, jivhāviññāṇaṃ … kāyaṃ, āvuso channa, kāyaviññāṇaṃ… manaṃ, āvuso channa, manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti samanupassasī’’ti?
7“舍利弗学友，我对于眼、眼识及眼识所识知的法，这样观察：‘这不是我的，我不是此，这不是我的我。’对于耳、耳识……对于鼻、鼻识……对于舌、舌识……对于身、身识……舍利弗学友，对于意、意识及意识所识知的法，我也这样观察：‘这不是我的，我不是此，这不是我的我。’”
‘‘Cakkhuṃ, āvuso sāriputta, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmi. Sotaṃ, āvuso sāriputta…pe… ghānaṃ, āvuso sāriputta… jivhaṃ, āvuso sāriputta… kāyaṃ, āvuso sāriputta… manaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmī’’ti.
392车匿学友，在眼根、眼识及眼识所识知的法中，你见到了什么、证知了什么，以至于对眼、眼识及眼识所识知的法这般观照：‘这不是我的，这我不是，这不是我的我’？在耳根、耳识……在鼻根、鼻识……在舌根、舌识……在身根、身识……车匿学友，在意根、意识及意识所识知的法中，你见到了什么、证知了什么，以至于对意、意识及意识所识知的法这般观照：‘这不是我的，这我不是，这不是我的我’？
‘‘Cakkhusmiṃ, āvuso channa, cakkhuviññāṇe cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu kiṃ disvā kiṃ abhiññāya cakkhuṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassasi? Sotasmiṃ, āvuso channa, sotaviññāṇe … ghānasmiṃ, āvuso channa, ghānaviññāṇe… jivhāya, āvuso channa, jivhāviññāṇe… kāyasmiṃ, āvuso channa, kāyaviññāṇe… manasmiṃ, āvuso channa, manoviññāṇe manoviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu kiṃ disvā kiṃ abhiññāya manaṃ manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassasī’’ti?
9舍利弗学友，我是在眼根、眼识及眼识所识知的法中，见到了灭、证知了灭之后，才对这些法——眼、眼识及眼识所识知的法——这般观照：‘这不是我的，这我不是，这不是我的我’。在耳根、耳识……在鼻根、鼻识……在舌根、舌识……在身根、身识……舍利弗学友，在意根、意识及意识所识知的法中，我见到了灭、证知了灭之后，才对这些法——意、意识及意识所识知的法——这般观照：‘这不是我的，这我不是，这不是我的我’。
‘‘Cakkhusmiṃ , āvuso sāriputta, cakkhuviññāṇe cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu nirodhaṃ disvā nirodhaṃ abhiññāya cakkhuṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmi. Sotasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, sotaviññāṇe… ghānasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, ghānaviññāṇe… jivhāya, āvuso sāriputta, jivhāviññāṇe… kāyasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, kāyaviññāṇe… manasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, manoviññāṇe manoviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu nirodhaṃ disvā nirodhaṃ abhiññā manaṃ manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmī’’ti.
393听闻此言，大纯陀尊者便对车匿尊者说：“车匿学友，因此，世尊的这段教法，你也应当恒常作意：‘有所依者则有动摇，无所依者则无动摇；无动摇则有轻安；有轻安则无倾向；无倾向则无来去；无来去则无死生；无死生则非此世、非他世，亦非两者之间。这正是苦的终结。’”此后，舍利弗尊者与大纯陀尊者以此教诫教导车匿尊者后，便从座起身而离去。
Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā mahācundo āyasmantaṃ channaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tasmātiha, āvuso channa, idampi tassa bhagavato sāsanaṃ , niccakappaṃ manasi kātabbaṃ – ‘nissitassa calitaṃ, anissitassa calitaṃ natthi. Calite asati passaddhi, passaddhiyā sati nati na hoti. Natiyā asati āgatigati na hoti. Āgatigatiyā asati cutūpapāto na hoti. Cutūpapāte asati nevidha na huraṃ na ubhayamantarena. Esevanto dukkhassā’’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahācundo āyasmantaṃ channaṃ iminā ovādena ovaditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamiṃsu.
394具寿舍利弗与具寿大纯陀离去后不久，具寿阐那便举刀自尽了。于是，具寿舍利弗来到世尊前，敬礼世尊后，在一旁坐下。坐于一旁的具寿舍利弗就对世尊说：“尊者，具寿阐那已举刀自尽，他往生何处？来世所趣如何？”“舍利弗，阐那比丘难道不是在你们面前，明示了他的无失吗？”“尊者，有个名为布巴基喇的跋耆村，那里有具寿阐那的善友之家、亲近之家、好客之家。”“舍利弗，这些阐那比丘的善友之家、亲近之家、好客之家，确实存在。但舍利弗，我并非因此而说此人‘有失’。舍利弗，凡是弃舍此身而执取他身者，我才说其为‘有失’。阐那比丘则无此事。舍利弗，你应当这样记住：‘阐那比丘无失地持刀自尽。’”
Atha kho āyasmā channo acirapakkante āyasmante ca sāriputte āyasmante ca mahācunde satthaṃ āharesi. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyasmatā, bhante, channena satthaṃ āharitaṃ. Tassa kā gati, ko abhisamparāyo’’ti? ‘‘Nanu te, sāriputta, channena bhikkhunā sammukhāyeva anupavajjatā byākatā’’ti? ‘‘Atthi, bhante, pubbajiraṃ nāma vajjigāmo. Tatthāyasmato channassa mittakulāni suhajjakulāni upavajjakulānī’’ti. ‘‘Honti hete, sāriputta, channassa bhikkhuno mittakulāni suhajjakulāni upavajjakulāni. Nāhaṃ, sāriputta, ettāvatā ‘saupavajjo’ti vadāmi. Yo kho, sāriputta, imañca kāyaṃ nikkhipati aññañca kāyaṃ upādiyati tamahaṃ ‘saupavajjo’ti vadāmi. Taṃ channassa bhikkhuno natthi. ‘Anupavajjo channo bhikkhu satthaṃ āharesī’ti evametaṃ, sāriputta, dhārehī’’ti.
12世尊如是说。具寿舍利弗满怀欢喜，信受世尊的教示。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā sāriputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
13教诫车匿经终，此为第二篇。
Channovādasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dutiyaṃ.