MN 145 · 教诫本那经
395如是我闻：有一次，世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时，具寿本那在傍晚时分，从独自禅修处起身，前往世尊所在的地方。到了之后，向世尊礼敬，然后坐在一边。坐在一边的具寿本那对世尊这样说：“萨度！尊者，请世尊用简要的教诫教导我，让我听闻世尊的法之后，能够独自地、远离地、不放逸地、精勤地、自我策励地安住。” “那么，本那，你仔细听，好好地用心思惟，我要说了。” “是的，尊者。” 具寿本那回答世尊。世尊这样说道：
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho āyasmā puṇṇo sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā puṇṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu maṃ, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena ovādena ovadatu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti. ‘‘Tena hi, puṇṇa, suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā puṇṇo bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca –
2“本那，有眼识所认知的色，这些色是令人渴望的、可爱的、可意的、令人欢喜的、伴随着欲望的、能引起染着的。如果一位比丘对此欢喜、欢迎、持续地执取，那么，当他正在欢喜、欢迎、持续地执取时，欢喜就会生起。本那，我说：‘由欢喜之集，而有苦之集。’
‘‘Santi kho, puṇṇa, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Taṃ ce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato uppajjati nandī . ‘Nandīsamudayā dukkhasamudayo, puṇṇā’ti vadāmi.
3“本那，有耳识所认知的声音……有鼻识所认知的气味……有舌识所认知的味道……有身识所认知的触觉……有意识所认知的法，这些法是令人渴望的、可爱的、可意的、令人欢喜的、伴随着欲望的、能引起染着的。如果一位比丘对此欢喜、欢迎、持续地执取，那么，当他正在欢喜、欢迎、持续地执取时，欢喜就会生起。本那，我说：‘由欢喜之集，而有苦之集。’
‘‘Santi kho, puṇṇa, sotaviññeyyā saddā… ghānaviññeyyā gandhā… jivhāviññeyyā rasā… kāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā… manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Taṃ ce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato uppajjati nandī. ‘Nandīsamudayā dukkhasamudayo, puṇṇā’ti vadāmi.
4“然而，本那，有眼识所认知的色，这些色是令人渴望的、可爱的、可意的、令人欢喜的、伴随着欲望的、能引起染着的。如果一位比丘对此不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续地执取，那么，当他正在不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续地执取时，欢喜就熄灭了。本那，我说：‘由欢喜之灭，而有苦之灭。’
‘‘Santi ca kho, puṇṇa, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Taṃ ce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ anabhinandato anabhivadato anajjhosāya tiṭṭhato nandī nirujjhati. ‘Nandīnirodhā dukkhanirodho, puṇṇā’ti vadāmi.
5“然而，本那，有耳识所认知的声音……有鼻识所认知的气味……有舌识所认知的味道……有身识所认知的触觉……有意识所认知的法，这些法是令人渴望的、可爱的、可意的、令人欢喜的、伴随着欲望的、能引起染着的。如果一位比丘对此不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续地执取，那么，当他正在不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续地执取时，欢喜就熄灭了。本那，我说：‘由欢喜之灭，而有苦之灭。’
‘‘Santi ca kho, puṇṇa, sotaviññeyyā saddā… ghānaviññeyyā gandhā… jivhāviññeyyā rasā… kāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā… manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Taṃ ce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ anabhinandato anabhivadato anajjhosāya tiṭṭhato nandī nirujjhati. ‘Nandīnirodhā dukkhanirodho, puṇṇā’ti vadāmi.
6“那么，本那，你已经得到了我这个简要的教诫，你打算去哪个地区安住呢？” “尊者，得到世尊这简要的教诫后，有一个名叫苏那巴兰答的地区，我打算去那里安住。”
‘‘Iminā ca tvaṃ puṇṇa, mayā saṃkhittena ovādena ovadito katarasmiṃ janapade viharissasī’’ti? ‘‘Imināhaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā saṃkhittena ovādena ovadito, atthi sunāparanto nāma janapado, tatthāhaṃ viharissāmī’’ti.
396“本那，苏那巴兰答那里的人可是很粗暴的；本那，苏那巴兰答那里的人可是很严厉的。如果那些苏那巴兰答人辱骂你、毁谤你，本那，那时你会怎么想呢？”“尊者，如果那些苏那巴兰答人辱骂我、毁谤我，那时我会这样想：‘这些苏那巴兰答人真是善良，这些苏那巴兰答人真是非常善良，他们至少没有用手打我。’世尊，那时我会这样；善逝，那时我会这样。”
‘‘Caṇḍā kho, puṇṇa, sunāparantakā manussā; pharusā kho, puṇṇa, sunāparantakā manussā. Sace taṃ, puṇṇa, sunāparantakā manussā akkosissanti paribhāsissanti, tattha te, puṇṇa, kinti bhavissatī’’ti? ‘‘Sace maṃ, bhante, sunāparantakā manussā akkosissanti paribhāsissanti, tattha me evaṃ bhavissati – ‘bhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, subhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, yaṃ me nayime pāṇinā pahāraṃ dentī’ti. Evamettha , bhagavā, bhavissati; evamettha, sugata, bhavissatī’’ti.
8“可是本那，如果那些苏那巴兰答人用手打你，那么，本那，那时你会怎么想呢？”“尊者，如果那些苏那巴兰答人用手打我，那时我会这样想：‘这些苏那巴兰答人真是善良，这些苏那巴兰答人真是非常善良，他们至少没有用土块打我。’世尊，那时我会这样；善逝，那时我会这样。”
‘‘Sace pana te, puṇṇa, sunāparantakā manussā pāṇinā pahāraṃ dassanti, tattha pana te, puṇṇa, kinti bhavissatī’’ti? ‘‘Sace me, bhante, sunāparantakā manussā pāṇinā pahāraṃ dassanti, tattha me evaṃ bhavissati – ‘bhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, subhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, yaṃ me nayime leḍḍunā pahāraṃ dentī’ti. Evamettha, bhagavā, bhavissati; evamettha, sugata, bhavissatī’’ti.
9“可是本那，如果那些苏那巴兰答人用土块打你，那么，本那，那时你会怎么想呢？”“尊者，如果那些苏那巴兰答人用土块打我，那时我会这样想：‘这些苏那巴兰答人真是善良，这些苏那巴兰答人真是非常善良，他们至少没有用棍棒打我。’世尊，那时我会这样；善逝，那时我会这样。”
‘‘Sace pana te, puṇṇa, sunāparantakā manussā leḍḍunā pahāraṃ dassanti, tattha pana te, puṇṇa, kinti bhavissatī’’ti? ‘‘Sace me, bhante, sunāparantakā manussā leḍḍunā pahāraṃ dassanti, tattha me evaṃ bhavissati – ‘bhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, subhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, yaṃ me nayime daṇḍena pahāraṃ dentī’ti. Evamettha, bhagavā, bhavissati; evamettha, sugata, bhavissatī’’ti.
10“可是本那，如果那些苏那巴兰答人用棍棒打你，那么，本那，那时你会怎么想呢？”“尊者，如果那些苏那巴兰答人用棍棒打我，那时我会这样想：‘这些苏那巴兰答人真是善良，这些苏那巴兰答人真是非常善良，他们至少没有用刀砍我。’世尊，那时我会这样；善逝，那时我会这样。”
‘‘Sace pana te, puṇṇa, sunāparantakā manussā daṇḍena pahāraṃ dassanti, tattha pana te, puṇṇa, kinti bhavissatī’’ti? ‘‘Sace me, bhante, sunāparantakā manussā daṇḍena pahāraṃ dassanti, tattha me evaṃ bhavissati – ‘bhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, subhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, yaṃ me nayime satthena pahāraṃ dentī’ti. Evamettha, bhagavā, bhavissati; evamettha, sugata, bhavissatī’’ti.
11“可是本那，如果那些苏那巴兰答人用刀砍你，那么，本那，那时你会怎么想呢？”“尊者，如果那些苏那巴兰答人用刀砍我，那时我会这样想：‘这些苏那巴兰答人真是善良，这些苏那巴兰答人真是非常善良，他们至少没有用利刀取我性命。’世尊，那时我会这样；善逝，那时我会这样。”
‘‘Sace pana te, puṇṇa, sunāparantakā manussā satthena pahāraṃ dassanti, tattha pana te, puṇṇa, kinti bhavissatī’’ti? ‘‘Sace me, bhante, sunāparantakā manussā satthena pahāraṃ dassanti, tattha me evaṃ bhavissati – ‘bhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, subhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, yaṃ maṃ nayime tiṇhena satthena jīvitā voropentī’ti. Evamettha, bhagavā, bhavissati; evamettha, sugata, bhavissatī’’ti.
12“可是本那，如果那些苏那巴兰答人用利刀取你性命，那么，本那，那时你会怎么想呢？”“尊者，如果那些苏那巴兰答人用利刀取我性命，那时我会这样想：‘世尊确实有些弟子，对这副身体和这条命感到厌烦、羞愧、嫌恶，会主动去找个持刀者来。而我呢，不用主动去找，就正好得到了这位持刀者。’世尊，那时我会这样；善逝，那时我会这样。”“善哉，善哉，本那！本那，你拥有这样的调伏与寂止，确实有能力在苏那巴兰答那个地方住下来了。现在，本那，你觉得时机合适就去做吧。”
‘‘Sace pana taṃ, puṇṇa, sunāparantakā manussā tiṇhena satthena jīvitā voropessanti, tattha pana te, puṇṇa, kinti bhavissatī’’ti? ‘‘Sace maṃ, bhante, sunāparantakā manussā tiṇhena satthena jīvitā voropessanti, tattha me evaṃ bhavissati – ‘santi kho bhagavato sāvakā kāye ca jīvite ca aṭṭīyamānā harāyamānā jigucchamānā satthahārakaṃ pariyesanti. Taṃ me idaṃ apariyiṭṭhaṃyeva satthahārakaṃ laddha’nti. Evamettha, bhagavā, bhavissati; evamettha, sugata, bhavissatī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, sādhu, puṇṇa! Sakkhissasi kho tvaṃ, puṇṇa, iminā damūpasamena samannāgato sunāparantasmiṃ janapade viharituṃ. Yassadāni tvaṃ, puṇṇa, kālaṃ maññasī’’ti.
397那时，本那尊者对世尊所说的话感到欢喜、随喜之后，从座位上起身，向世尊礼敬，右绕之后，收拾好住处，拿了衣钵，朝着苏那巴兰答地区出发游历去了。他一路辗转游历，最后到达了苏那巴兰答地区，就留在那里。在那里，本那尊者就住在了苏那巴兰答地区。就在那个雨安居期间，本那尊者度化了约五百位男居士，也在那个雨安居期间，他度化了约五百位女居士，还是在那同一个雨安居期间，他证得了三明。后来，过了一段时间，本那尊者就般涅槃了。
Atha kho āyasmā puṇṇo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena sunāparanto janapado tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena sunāparanto janapado tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ āyasmā puṇṇo sunāparantasmiṃ janapade viharati. Atha kho āyasmā puṇṇo tenevantaravassena pañcamattāni upāsakasatāni paṭivedesi , tenevantaravassena pañcamattāni upāsikasatāni paṭivedesi, tenevantaravassena tisso vijjā sacchākāsi. Atha kho āyasmā puṇṇo aparena samayena parinibbāyi.
14那时，众多比丘一起前往世尊那里。到了之后，向世尊礼敬，坐在一旁。坐在一旁后，那些比丘对世尊说了这番话：“尊者，那位名叫本那的善男子，在接受了世尊简短的教诫之后去世了。他的去处是什么？他未来的命运如何？”世尊说：“比丘们，本那善男子是位智者，他随法行法，没有因为法义的问题来烦扰我。比丘们，本那善男子已经般涅槃了。”
Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘yo so, bhante, puṇṇo nāma kulaputto bhagavatā saṃkhittena ovādena ovadito so kālaṅkato. Tassa kā gati, ko abhisamparāyo’’ti? ‘‘Paṇḍito, bhikkhave, puṇṇo kulaputto paccapādi dhammassānudhammaṃ, na ca maṃ dhammādhikaraṇaṃ viheṭhesi. Parinibbuto, bhikkhave, puṇṇo kulaputto’’ti.
15这就是世尊所说的话。那些比丘心中欢喜，对世尊所说的感到满意。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
16教诫布那经完，第三
Puṇṇovādasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.