MN 142 · 布施分别经
376如是我闻：一时，世尊住在释迦族迦毗罗卫城的榕树园中。那时，大爱道·乔达弥拿着一对新衣，来至世尊处。她顶礼世尊，退坐一面。坐定后，大爱道·乔达弥对世尊这样说道：“尊者，这对新衣是我亲手纺、亲手织，专为世尊所作。请世尊慈愍，纳受此衣。”听了这话，世尊对大爱道·乔达弥说：“乔达弥，你应当将这衣供养僧团。当你供养僧团时，我也受到供养，僧团也受到供养。”第二次，大爱道·乔达弥又对世尊说道：“尊者，这对新衣是我亲手纺、亲手织，专为世尊所作。请世尊慈愍，纳受此衣。”第二次，世尊又对大爱道·乔达弥说：“乔达弥，你应当将这衣供养僧团。当你供养僧团时，我也受到供养，僧团也受到供养。”第三次，大爱道·乔达弥再次对世尊说道：“尊者，这对新衣是我亲手纺、亲手织，专为世尊所作。请世尊慈愍，纳受此衣。”第三次，世尊又对大爱道·乔达弥说：“乔达弥，你应当将这衣供养僧团。当你供养僧团时，我也受到供养，僧团也受到供养。”
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. Atha kho mahāpajāpati gotamī navaṃ dussayugaṃ ādāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho mahāpajāpati gotamī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idaṃ me, bhante, navaṃ dussayugaṃ bhagavantaṃ uddissa sāmaṃ kantaṃ sāmaṃ vāyitaṃ. Taṃ me, bhante, bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘saṅghe, gotami, dehi. Saṅghe te dinne ahañceva pūjito bhavissāmi saṅgho cā’’ti. Dutiyampi kho mahāpajāpati gotamī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idaṃ me, bhante, navaṃ dussayugaṃ bhagavantaṃ uddissa sāmaṃ kantaṃ sāmaṃ vāyitaṃ. Taṃ me, bhante, bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘saṅghe, gotami, dehi. Saṅghe te dinne ahañceva pūjito bhavissāmi saṅgho cā’’ti. Tatiyampi kho mahāpajāpati gotamī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idaṃ me, bhante, navaṃ dussayugaṃ bhagavantaṃ uddissa sāmaṃ kantaṃ sāmaṃ vāyitaṃ. Taṃ me, bhante, bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti. Tatiyampi kho bhagavā mahāpajāpatiṃ gotamiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘saṅghe, gotami, dehi . Saṅghe te dinne ahañceva pūjito bhavissāmi saṅgho cā’’ti.
377闻此，阿难尊者对世尊这样说道：“尊者，恳请世尊纳受大爱道·乔达弥的这一对新衣。尊者，大爱道·乔达弥于世尊有深重恩惠。她是世尊的姨母，是他的养育者与哺育者，曾以乳汁喂养他。当世尊的生母辞世后，是她用自己的奶水抚育了世尊。尊者，世尊您对大爱道·乔达弥，也有极大恩惠。尊者，正是依凭世尊，大爱道·乔达弥才得以皈依佛、皈依法、皈依僧。尊者，正是依凭世尊，大爱道·乔达弥才得以远离杀生，远离不与取，远离邪淫，远离妄语，远离能令人放逸的谷酒、果酒等诸酒。尊者，正是依凭世尊，大爱道·乔达弥才对佛具足不坏信，对法具足不坏信，对僧具足不坏信，并成就了圣者所珍爱的戒。尊者，正是依凭世尊，大爱道·乔达弥对苦已无任何疑惑，对苦的生起已无任何疑惑，对苦的息灭已无任何疑惑，对趣向苦灭的道路已无任何疑惑。尊者，世尊您对大爱道·乔达弥，同样有深重恩惠啊。”
Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘paṭiggaṇhātu, bhante, bhagavā mahāpajāpatiyā gotamiyā navaṃ dussayugaṃ. Bahūpakārā , bhante, mahāpajāpati gotamī bhagavato mātucchā āpādikā posikā khīrassa dāyikā; bhagavantaṃ janettiyā kālaṅkatāya thaññaṃ pāyesi. Bhagavāpi, bhante, bahūpakāro mahāpajāpatiyā gotamiyā. Bhagavantaṃ, bhante, āgamma mahāpajāpati gotamī buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā. Bhagavantaṃ, bhante, āgamma mahāpajāpati gotamī pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā adinnādānā paṭiviratā kāmesumicchācārā paṭiviratā musāvādā paṭiviratā surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭiviratā. Bhagavantaṃ, bhante, āgamma mahāpajāpati gotamī buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgatā , dhamme aveccappasādena samannāgatā, saṅghe aveccappasādena samannāgatā ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgatā. Bhagavantaṃ, bhante, āgamma mahāpajāpati gotamī dukkhe nikkaṅkhā, dukkhasamudaye nikkaṅkhā, dukkhanirodhe nikkaṅkhā, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya nikkaṅkhā. Bhagavāpi, bhante, bahūpakāro mahāpajāpatiyā gotamiyā’’ti.
378“确实如此，阿难。阿难，若有人因另一人而得皈依佛、皈依法、皈依僧，阿难，我说，此人对那人即便行以下诸事——恭敬问讯、起身迎接、双手合十、行合乎礼法之事，以及供养衣服、饮食、住处、医药及病中所需一切资具——也终究不足以报答其恩。”
‘‘Evametaṃ , ānanda. Yaṃ hānanda, puggalo puggalaṃ āgamma buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato hoti, imassānanda, puggalassa iminā puggalena na suppatikāraṃ vadāmi, yadidaṃ – abhivādana-paccuṭṭhāna-añjalikamma sāmīcikammacīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilā- nappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānena.
4“阿难，若有人因另一人而得远离杀生、远离不与取、远离邪淫、远离妄语、远离谷酒、果酒等导致放逸的酒类，阿难，我说，此人对那人即便行以下诸事——恭敬问讯、起身迎接、双手合十、行合乎礼法之事，以及供养衣服、饮食、住处、医药及病中所需一切资具——也终究不足以报答其恩。”
‘‘Yaṃ hānanda, puggalo puggalaṃ āgamma pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti, musāvādā paṭivirato hoti, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti, imassānanda, puggalassa iminā puggalena na suppatikāraṃ vadāmi, yadidaṃ – abhivādana-paccuṭṭhāna-añjalikamma-sāmīcikammacīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilā- nappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānena.
5阿难，若有人因另一人而对佛得不坏净信，对法、对僧得不坏净信，并具足圣者所爱之戒，我说此人纵对那人恭敬问候、起身相迎、合掌问讯、行如法事，及以衣服、饮食、住处、医药与病者所需资具供养，仍不足以报答其恩。
‘‘Yaṃ hānanda, puggalo puggalaṃ āgamma buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti, dhamme… saṅghe… ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti, imassānanda, puggalassa iminā puggalena na suppatikāraṃ vadāmi, yadidaṃ – abhivādana-paccuṭṭhāna-añjalikamma-sāmīcikammacīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilā- nappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānena.
6“阿难，如果说有一个人因为另一个人的缘故，而对于苦没有了疑惑，对于苦的集起没有了疑惑，对于苦的息灭没有了疑惑，对于导向苦灭的道途没有了疑惑，那么，阿难，我说这个人通过向那个人行以下这些事——也就是恭敬地问候、起身迎接、双手合十、做合乎礼法的事，以及供养衣服、食物、住处、医药和生病所需的一切物资——都是不足以报答其恩情的。”
‘‘Yaṃ hānanda, puggalo puggalaṃ āgamma dukkhe nikkaṅkho hoti, dukkhasamudaye nikkaṅkho hoti, dukkhanirodhe nikkaṅkho hoti, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya nikkaṅkho hoti, imassānanda, puggalassa iminā puggalena na suppatikāraṃ vadāmi, yadidaṃ – abhivādana-paccuṭṭhānaañjalikamma-sāmīcikamma-cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilā- nappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārānuppadānena.
379阿难，有这十四种对个人的布施。哪十四种呢？布施如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者——这是第一种对个人的布施。布施独觉佛——这是第二种对个人的布施。布施如来弟子、阿拉汉——这是第三种对个人的布施。布施正为作证阿拉汉果而修行者——这是第四种对个人的布施。布施不来者——这是第五种对个人的布施。布施正为作证不来果而修行者——这是第六种对个人的布施。布施一来者——这是第七种对个人的布施。布施正为作证一来果而修行者——这是第八种对个人的布施。布施入流者——这是第九种对个人的布施。布施正为作证入流果而修行者——这是第十种对个人的布施。布施外道中已离欲者——这是第十一种对个人的布施。布施凡夫中具戒德者——这是第十二种对个人的布施。布施凡夫中无戒德者——这是第十三种对个人的布施。布施畜生——这是第十四种对个人的布施。
‘‘Cuddasa kho panimānanda, pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. Katamā cuddasa? Tathāgate arahante sammāsambuddhe dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ paṭhamā pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. Paccekasambuddhe dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ dutiyā pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. Tathāgatasāvake arahante dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ tatiyā pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. Arahattaphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ catutthī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. Anāgāmissa dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ pañcamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. Anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ chaṭṭhī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. Sakadāgāmissa dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ sattamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. Sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ aṭṭhamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. Sotāpanne dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ navamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. Sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ dasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. Bāhirake kāmesu vītarāge dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ ekādasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. Puthujjanasīlavante dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ dvādasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. Puthujjanadussīle dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ terasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇā. Tiracchānagate dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ cuddasamī pāṭipuggalikā dakkhiṇāti.
8阿难，布施于畜生，可预期百倍之果报；布施于无戒德的凡夫，可预期千倍之果报；布施于具足戒德的凡夫，可预期十万倍之果报；布施于已离欲的外道，可预期百千亿倍之果报；布施于为证入流果而精勤修行者，可预期不可计量、不可估量之果报，何况布施于入流者呢？何况布施于为证一来果而精勤修行者呢？何况布施于一来者呢？何况布施于为证不来果而精勤修行者呢？何况布施于不来者呢？何况布施于为证阿拉汉果而精勤修行者呢？何况布施于阿拉汉呢？何况布施于独觉佛呢？何况布施于如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者呢？
‘‘Tatrānanda, tiracchānagate dānaṃ datvā sataguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā, puthujjanadussīle dānaṃ datvā sahassaguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā, puthujjanasīlavante dānaṃ datvā satasahassaguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā, bāhirake kāmesu vītarāge dānaṃ datvā koṭisatasahassaguṇā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā, sotāpattiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne dānaṃ datvā asaṅkheyyā appameyyā dakkhiṇā pāṭikaṅkhitabbā, ko pana vādo sotāpanne, ko pana vādo sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne, ko pana vādo sakadāgāmissa, ko pana vādo anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne, ko pana vādo anāgāmissa, ko pana vādo arahattaphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipanne, ko pana vādo arahante, ko pana vādo paccekasambuddhe, ko pana vādo tathāgate arahante sammāsambuddhe!
380然而，阿难，有七种以僧团为对象的布施。哪七种呢？对以佛陀为首的两部僧团布施——这是第一种僧团施。对如来般涅槃后的两部僧团布施——这是第二种僧团施。对比丘僧团布施——这是第三种僧团施。对比丘尼僧团布施——这是第四种僧团施。这样说‘请为我从僧团中指定这些比丘与比丘尼’而布施——这是第五种僧团施。这样说‘请为我从僧团中指定这些比丘’而布施——这是第六种僧团施。这样说‘请为我从僧团中指定这些比丘尼’而布施——这是第七种僧团施。
‘‘Satta kho panimānanda, saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā. Katamā satta? Buddhappamukhe ubhatosaṅghe dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ paṭhamā saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā. Tathāgate parinibbute ubhatosaṅghe dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ dutiyā saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā. Bhikkhusaṅghe dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ tatiyā saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā. Bhikkhunisaṅghe dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ catutthī saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā. ‘Ettakā me bhikkhū ca bhikkhuniyo ca saṅghato uddissathā’ti dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ pañcamī saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā. ‘Ettakā me bhikkhū saṅghato uddissathā’ti dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ chaṭṭhī saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā. ‘Ettakā me bhikkhuniyo saṅghato uddissathā’ti dānaṃ deti – ayaṃ sattamī saṅghagatā dakkhiṇā.
10然而，阿难，在未来世，将会有那些自称种姓、颈缠袈裟布，却无戒行、本性不善的人。人们会以僧团的名义，向那些无戒者布施。阿难，即使在那时，我依然说，以僧团为对象的布施，其果报不可计数、不可衡量。阿难，我绝不以任何方式说，对个人的布施会比僧团施的果报更殊胜。
‘‘Bhavissanti kho panānanda, anāgatamaddhānaṃ gotrabhuno kāsāvakaṇṭhā dussīlā pāpadhammā. Tesu dussīlesu saṅghaṃ uddissa dānaṃ dassanti. Tadāpāhaṃ, ānanda, saṅghagataṃ dakkhiṇaṃ asaṅkheyyaṃ appameyyaṃ vadāmi. Na tvevāhaṃ, ānanda, kenaci pariyāyena saṅghagatāya dakkhiṇāya pāṭipuggalikaṃ dānaṃ mahapphalataraṃ vadāmi.
381阿难，布施的清净有这四种。哪四种呢？阿难，有一种布施由施者清净，不由受者清净。阿难，有一种布施由受者清净，不由施者清净。阿难，有一种布施既不由施者清净，也不由受者清净。阿难，有一种布施既由施者也由受者清净。
‘‘Catasso kho imā, ānanda, dakkhiṇā visuddhiyo. Katamā catasso? Atthānanda, dakkhiṇā dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato. Atthānanda, dakkhiṇā paṭiggāhakato visujjhati no dāyakato. Atthānanda, dakkhiṇā neva dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato. Atthānanda, dakkhiṇā dāyakato ceva visujjhati paṭiggāhakato ca.
12阿难，如何是布施由施者清净，不由受者清净呢？阿难，此处，施者持戒、秉性良善，而受者破戒、秉性不善。阿难，这便是布施由施者清净，不由受者清净。
‘‘Kathañcānanda, dakkhiṇā dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato? Idhānanda, dāyako hoti sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo, paṭiggāhakā honti dussīlā pāpadhammā – evaṃ kho, ānanda, dakkhiṇā dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato.
13阿难，如何是布施由受者清净，不由施者清净呢？阿难，此处，施者破戒、秉性不善，而受者持戒、秉性良善。阿难，这便是布施由受者清净，不由施者清净。
‘‘Kathañcānanda, dakkhiṇā paṭiggāhakato visujjhati no dāyakato? Idhānanda, dāyako hoti dussīlo pāpadhammo, paṭiggāhakā honti sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā – evaṃ kho, ānanda, dakkhiṇā paṭiggāhakato visujjhati no dāyakato.
14阿难，怎样的布施既非施者清净，也非受者清净？阿难，若施者是破戒者、具足恶法者，而受者们也是破戒者、具足恶法者，这样的布施便既非施者清净，也非受者清净。
‘‘Kathañcānanda, dakkhiṇā neva dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato? Idhānanda, dāyako ca hoti dussīlo pāpadhammo, paṭiggāhakā ca honti dussīlā pāpadhammā – evaṃ kho, ānanda, dakkhiṇā neva dāyakato visujjhati no paṭiggāhakato.
15阿难，怎样的布施既从施者清净，也从受者清净？阿难，若施者是持戒者、具足善法者，而受者们也是持戒者、具足善法者，这样的布施便既从施者清净，也从受者清净。阿难，这便是布施的四种清净。
‘‘Kathañcānanda, dakkhiṇā dāyakato ceva visujjhati paṭiggāhakato ca? Idhānanda, dāyako ca hoti sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo, paṭiggāhakā ca honti sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā – evaṃ kho, ānanda, dakkhiṇā dāyakato ceva visujjhati paṭiggāhakato ca. Imā kho, ānanda, catasso dakkhiṇā visuddhiyo’’ti.
16世尊如是说。善逝如此说已，导师又接着说道：
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
17持戒者布施于破戒者，
‘‘Yo sīlavā dussīlesu dadāti dānaṃ,
18财物如法所得，内心深怀净信，
Dhammena laddhaṃ supasannacitto;
19以下是其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
20深信业果广大殊胜，
Abhisaddahaṃ kammaphalaṃ uḷāraṃ,
21此施由施者而得清净。
Sā dakkhiṇā dāyakato visujjhati.
22若破戒者向持戒者行布施，
‘‘Yo dussīlo sīlavantesu dadāti dānaṃ,
23以非法所得，心怀不净；
Adhammena laddhaṃ appasannacitto;
24不信殊胜的业果，
Anabhisaddahaṃ kammaphalaṃ uḷāraṃ,
25这份布施因受施者而得以清净。
Sā dakkhiṇā paṭiggāhakato visujjhati.
26无戒之人，向无戒者施以供养，
‘‘Yo dussīlo dussīlesu dadāti dānaṃ,
27所得财物以非法而得，心不清净，
Adhammena laddhaṃ appasannacitto;
28于广大业果无有净信，
Anabhisaddahaṃ kammaphalaṃ uḷāraṃ,
29我说，那样的布施不会得大果报。
Na taṃ dānaṃ vipulapphalanti brūmi.
30持戒之人，向持戒者行布施，
‘‘Yo sīlavā sīlavantesu dadāti dānaṃ,
31以如法所得之物，深心净信；
Dhammena laddhaṃ supasannacitto;
32深信殊胜业果，
Abhisaddahaṃ kammaphalaṃ uḷāraṃ,
33我说，这样的布施感得广大果报。
Taṃ ve dānaṃ vipulapphalanti brūmi .
34那离欲之人，向离欲者行布施，
‘‘Yo vītarāgo vītarāgesu dadāti dānaṃ,
35依法所得财物，内心至信澄净；
Dhammena laddhaṃ supasannacitto;
36深信殊胜广大之业果，
Abhisaddahaṃ kammaphalaṃ uḷāraṃ,
37如是布施，乃一切财物施中最上。
Taṃ ve dānaṃ āmisadānānamagga’’ nti.
38《布施分别经》终，第十二。
Dakkhiṇāvibhaṅgasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dvādasamaṃ.
39《分别品》终，第四。
Vibhaṅgavaggo niṭṭhito catuttho.
40其中摄颂：
Tassuddānaṃ –
41贤者、阿难、迦旃延，罗摩伽、清净。
Bhaddekānandakaccāna, lomasakaṅgiyāsubho;
42大业、六处、分别，总说、无诤、界、谛。
Mahākammasaḷāyatanavibhaṅgā, uddesaaraṇā dhātu saccaṃ.
43布施分别经。
Dakkhiṇāvibhaṅgasuttanti.