MN 133 · 大迦旃延一夜贤者经
279如是我闻：一时，世尊住在王舍城的温泉园中。那时，三弥提尊者于后夜时分起身，前往温泉沐浴。沐浴后他出了水，只着下衣而立，晾干身体。这时，有位天神在夜色将尽时，身光遍照温泉园，来到三弥提尊者前。到了之后，
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati tapodārāme. Atha kho āyasmā samiddhi rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya yena tapodo tenupasaṅkami gattāni parisiñcituṃ. Tapode gattāni parisiñcitvā paccuttaritvā ekacīvaro aṭṭhāsi gattāni pubbāpayamāno . Atha kho aññatarā devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ tapodaṃ obhāsetvā yenāyasmā samiddhi tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho sā devatā āyasmantaṃ samiddhiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘dhāresi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañcā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, dhāremi bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca. Tvaṃ panāvuso, dhāresi bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañcā’’ti? ‘‘Ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na dhāremi bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca. Dhāresi pana tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattiyo gāthā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, dhāremi bhaddekarattiyo gāthāti. Tvaṃ panāvuso, dhāresi bhaddekarattiyo gāthā’’ti? ‘‘Ahampi kho, bhikkhu na dhāremi bhaddekarattiyo gāthāti. Uggaṇhāhi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca; pariyāpuṇāhi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca; dhārehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca. Atthasaṃhito, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddeso ca vibhaṅgo ca ādibrahmacariyako’’ti. Idamavoca sā devatā; idaṃ vatvā tatthevantaradhāyi.
280那夜过后，三弥提尊者来到世尊处，顶礼世尊后，坐于一旁。在一旁坐下的三弥提尊者对世尊说：
Atha kho āyasmā samiddhi tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā samiddhi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
3“尊者，我于后夜时分起身，前往温泉沐浴身体。沐浴后，上来只穿着一件下衣站着，让身体风干。那时，尊者，有一位天人在后夜将尽时，以殊妙容光照彻整座温泉园，来到我面前。到后，立于一旁。立于一旁的天人对我这样说：‘比丘，你能持诵《一夜贤者》的总说与分别吗？’”
‘‘Idhāhaṃ, bhante, rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya yena tapodo tenupasaṅkamiṃ gattāni parisiñcituṃ. Tapode gattāni parisiñcitvā paccuttaritvā ekacīvaro aṭṭhāsiṃ gattāni pubbāpayamāno. Atha kho bhante, aññatarā devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ tapodaṃ obhāsetvā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho sā devatā maṃ etadavoca – ‘dhāresi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañcā’’’ti?
4尊者，我听闻后，便对那位天人说：‘贤友，我不能持诵《一夜贤者》的总说与分别。贤友，你能持诵《一夜贤者》的总说与分别吗？’‘比丘，我也不能持诵《一夜贤者》的总说与分别。那么，比丘，你能持诵《一夜贤者》的偈颂吗？’‘贤友，我不能持诵《一夜贤者》的偈颂。贤友，你能持诵《一夜贤者》的偈颂吗？’‘比丘，我也不能持诵《一夜贤者》的偈颂。比丘，你应当学习《一夜贤者》的总说与分别；应当掌握《一夜贤者》的总说与分别；应当忆持《一夜贤者》的总说与分别。比丘，《一夜贤者》的总说与分别与真实义相应，是梵行的根本。’那位天人说完这些话，便在那里消失了。萨度！尊者，请世尊为我教导《一夜贤者》的总说与分别。”“那么，比丘，谛听，善思念之，我当说。”“是的，尊者。”三弥提尊者应答世尊。世尊这样说：
‘‘Evaṃ vutte ahaṃ, bhante, taṃ devataṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, dhāremi bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca. Tvaṃ panāvuso, dhāresi bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañcā’ti? ‘Ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na dhāremi bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca. Dhāresi pana tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattiyo gāthā’ti? ‘Na kho ahaṃ, āvuso, dhāremi bhaddekarattiyo gāthāti. Tvaṃ panāvuso, dhāresi bhaddekarattiyo gāthā’ti? ‘Ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na dhāremi bhaddekarattiyo gāthāti. Uggaṇhāhi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca; pariyāpuṇāhi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca; dhārehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca. Atthasaṃhito, bhikkhu, bhaddekarattassa uddeso ca vibhaṅgo ca ādibrahmacariyako’ti. Idamavoca, bhante, sā devatā; idaṃ vatvā tatthevantaradhāyi. Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā bhaddekarattassa uddesañca vibhaṅgañca desetū’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhu, suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā samiddhi bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca –
5勿追忆过去，亦勿期盼未来；
‘‘Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya, nappaṭikaṅkhe anāgataṃ;
6过去者已灭尽，未来者尚未至。
Yadatītaṃ pahīnaṃ taṃ, appattañca anāgataṃ.
7对于现前之法，于处处彻见；
‘‘Paccuppannañca yo dhammaṃ, tattha tattha vipassati;
8那不动摇、不被撼动之法，智者应当修习。
Asaṃhīraṃ asaṃkuppaṃ, taṃ vidvā manubrūhaye.
9今日便当精进努力；谁知明日死亡是否来临？
‘‘Ajjeva kiccamātappaṃ, ko jaññā maraṇaṃ suve;
10因为对于那拥有大军的死神，我们并无任何协定。
Na hi no saṅgaraṃ tena, mahāsenena maccunā.
11如此安住者，精勤不懈，日夜无怠，
‘‘Evaṃ vihāriṃ ātāpiṃ, ahorattamatanditaṃ;
12那正是寂静牟尼所称的‘一夜贤者’。
Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī’’ti.
13世尊宣说此偈；善逝说已，从座起身，进入住处。那时，世尊离去未久，诸比丘心中便生起此念：“贤友们，世尊为我们略说教示，未广开其义，便从座起身，入住处了——”
Idamavoca bhagavā; idaṃ vatvāna sugato uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ pāvisi. Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ , acirapakkantassa bhagavato, etadahosi – ‘‘idaṃ kho no, āvuso, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho –
14不应追忆过去，不应期盼未来；
‘‘Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya, nappaṭikaṅkhe anāgataṃ;
15过去的已经舍断，未来的尚未到来；
Yadatītaṃ pahīnaṃ taṃ, appattañca anāgataṃ.
16对现前的法，处处清晰洞见；
‘‘Paccuppannañca yo dhammaṃ, tattha tattha vipassati;
17那不可动摇、不可撼动之法，智者了知后，应当修习增长。
Asaṃhīraṃ asaṃkuppaṃ, taṃ vidvā manubrūhaye.
18今日即应精勤努力，谁知死亡明日即至？
‘‘Ajjeva kiccamātappaṃ, ko jaññā maraṇaṃ suve;
19因为我们与那拥有大军的死王，实无约定。
Na hi no saṅgaraṃ tena, mahāsenena maccunā.
20如此精勤安住，日夜无懈怠之人，
‘‘Evaṃ vihāriṃ ātāpiṃ, ahorattamatanditaṃ;
21寂静的牟尼称他为真正的一夜贤者。
Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī’’ti.
22“世尊所诵出的这篇简略总说，并未详细阐明其义理，那么有谁能详细解说这义理呢？”当时我们这样想：“这位大迦旃延尊者，既受到导师的称赞，也得到有智慧的同梵行者的尊敬。这位大迦旃延尊者有能力详细解说世尊所诵出的这篇简略总说中尚未详明的义理。我们何不前往大迦旃延尊者那里呢？到了之后，便向大迦旃延尊者请问这义理。”愿大迦旃延尊者为我们解说吧！
‘‘Ko nu kho imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajeyyāti? Tesaṃ no , āvuso kaccāna, amhākaṃ etadahosi – ‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā mahākaccāno satthu ceva saṃvaṇṇito sambhāvito ca viññūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ. Pahoti cāyasmā mahākaccāno imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajituṃ. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ yenāyasmā mahākaccāno tenupasaṅkameyyāma; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyāmā’ti. Vibhajatāyasmā mahākaccāno’’ti.
23那时，那些比丘心生此念：“这位大迦旃延尊者，既为导师所称赞，又为有智的同梵行者所尊重。大迦旃延尊者有能力为世尊所略说、未详解其义的教示作详细解说。我们何不前往大迦旃延尊者处，向他请教此义？”
Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā mahākaccāno satthu ceva saṃvaṇṇito sambhāvito ca viññūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ; pahoti cāyasmā mahākaccāno imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajituṃ. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ yenāyasmā mahākaccāno tenupasaṅkameyyāma; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyāmā’’ti.
281于是，那些比丘前往大迦旃延尊者处。到后，与大迦旃延尊者彼此问候。互致问候、叙谈适意之语后，退坐一面。坐定后，那些比丘对大迦旃延尊者说：“迦旃延学友！世尊为我们略说此法，未详细解释其义，便从座起身，入于精舍——”
Atha kho te bhikkhū yenāyasmā mahākaccāno tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā mahākaccānena saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘idaṃ kho no, āvuso kaccāna, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho –
25“不追忆过去……”
‘‘Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya…pe…
26那即是‘一夜贤者’，安稳寂静的牟尼如此宣说。
Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī’’ti.
27迦旃延学友，世尊离开后不久，我们心中便生起这样的想法：‘学友们，世尊只是如此略说总纲，并未详细解释其义理，就从座而起，进入住处了——’
‘‘Tesaṃ no, āvuso kaccāna, amhākaṃ, acirapakkantassa bhagavato, etadahosi – idaṃ kho no, āvuso, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho –
28不应追忆过去之事……（中略）……
‘‘Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya…pe…
29“那确实就是‘一夜贤者’，安稳寂静的牟尼这样宣说。”
Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī’’ti.
30“世尊如此简略宣说的总纲，并未详细解释其义理，谁能详细解释其中的义理呢？”长者，我们那时便这样想：“这位大迦旃延尊者，既为导师所称叹，也为具智慧的同梵行者们所尊重。大迦旃延尊者有能力将世尊如此简略宣说的总纲、未曾详细解释的义理，进行详细的阐释。我们不如前往大迦旃延尊者那里，到了之后，向大迦旃延尊者请教这义理。”于是，长者，我们就前往大迦旃延尊者那里，到了之后，向大迦旃延尊者请教这义理。长者，大迦旃延尊者便以这样的方式、这样的语句、这样的言辞，为我们详细解说了这义理。
‘‘‘Ko nu kho imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajeyyā’ti? Tesaṃ no, bhante, amhākaṃ etadahosi – ‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā mahākaccāno satthu ceva saṃvaṇṇito sambhāvito ca viññūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ. Pahoti cāyasmā mahākaccāno imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajituṃ. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ yenāyasmā mahākaccāno tenupasaṅkameyyāma; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyāmā’ti. Atha kho mayaṃ, bhante, yenāyasmā mahākaccāno tenupasaṅkamimha; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ etamatthaṃ paṭipucchimha. Tesaṃ no, bhante, āyasmatā mahākaccānena imehi ākārehi imehi padehi imehi byañjanehi attho vibhatto’’ti.
31贤友，好比一个需要心材、寻求心材、遍求心材的人，面对一棵巨大挺拔、确有树心的树，却越过树根、越过树干，以为心材当在枝叶中寻求。诸位贤友，你们此刻的状况正是如此：导师现前，你们却越过彼世尊，以为应当来问我们此义。贤友，彼世尊，是知所应知、见所应见者；他是眼，是智，是法，是梵；是宣说者，是推动者，是义的引导者，是不死的施与者，是法主，是如来。现在正是时候，你们应当直接向世尊请问此义，并依世尊的解答而受持。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, āvuso, puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato atikkammeva mūlaṃ atikkamma khandhaṃ sākhāpalāse sāraṃ pariyesitabbaṃ maññeyya; evaṃ sampadamidaṃ āyasmantānaṃ satthari sammukhībhūte taṃ bhagavantaṃ atisitvā amhe etamatthaṃ paṭipucchitabbaṃ maññatha . So hāvuso, bhagavā jānaṃ jānāti, passaṃ passati, cakkhubhūto ñāṇabhūto dhammabhūto brahmabhūto vattā pavattā atthassa ninnetā amatassa dātā dhammassāmī tathāgato. So ceva panetassa kālo ahosi yaṃ bhagavantaṃyeva etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyātha, yathā vo bhagavā byākareyya tathā naṃ dhāreyyāthā’’ti.
32迦旃延贤友，的确，世尊是知所应知、见所应见者；他是眼，是智，是法，是梵；是宣说者，是推动者，是义的引导者，是不死的施与者，是法主，是如来。那确实正是时候，我们本应直接向世尊请问此义，并依世尊的解答而受持。然而，大迦旃延尊者既为导师所称扬，亦为有智慧的同梵行者们所敬重；尊者有能力对世尊以简略方式宣说、未详加区分的总纲，作详尽的义理开演。恳请大迦旃延尊者不厌其烦，为我等解说。
‘‘Addhāvuso kaccāna, bhagavā jānaṃ jānāti, passaṃ passati, cakkhubhūto ñāṇabhūto dhammabhūto brahmabhūto vattā pavattā atthassa ninnetā amatassa dātā dhammassāmī tathāgato. So ceva panetassa kālo ahosi yaṃ bhagavantaṃyeva etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyāma; yathā no bhagavā byākareyya tathā naṃ dhāreyyāma. Api cāyasmā mahākaccāno satthuceva saṃvaṇṇito sambhāvito ca viññūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ; pahoti cāyasmā mahākaccāno imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajituṃ. Vibhajatāyasmā mahākaccāno agaruṃ karitvā’’ti .
33“那么，贤友们，请谛听，善作意，我将宣说。”“是的，贤友。”那些比丘回应道。大迦旃延尊者这样说道：
‘‘Tena hāvuso, suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahākaccānassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā mahākaccāno etadavoca –
34“贤友们，世尊简略地诵出此总纲，未详细解说其义，便从座起身，进入住所——”
‘‘Yaṃ kho no, āvuso, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho –
35不应追忆过去之事……（中略）……
‘‘Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya…pe…
36寂静的牟尼称他为‘一夜贤者’。
Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī’’ti.
37“贤友们，对于世尊以略说形式诵出、未详细分别其义的总纲，我对其详细义理的理解便是如此。若诸位尊者有意，可前去亲问世尊，并依世尊为你们所作的解说而受持此义。”
‘‘Imassa kho ahaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi. Ākaṅkhamānā ca pana tumhe āyasmanto bhagavantaṃyeva upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyātha, yathā vo bhagavā byākaroti tathā naṃ dhāreyyāthā’’ti.
282贤友，如何是追忆过去？‘在过去，我有这样的眼和这样的色。’那时，识为欲贪所系缚；由于识为欲贪所系缚，他便对此欢喜；因为欢喜，他便追忆了过去。‘在过去，我有这样的耳和这样的声。’那时，识为欲贪所系缚；由于识为欲贪所系缚，他便对此欢喜；因为欢喜，他便追忆了过去。‘在过去，我有这样的鼻和这样的香。’那时，识为欲贪所系缚；由于识为欲贪所系缚，他便对此欢喜；因为欢喜，他便追忆了过去。‘在过去，我有这样的舌和这样的味。’那时，识为欲贪所系缚；由于识为欲贪所系缚，他便对此欢喜；因为欢喜，他便追忆了过去。‘在过去，我有这样的身和这样的触。’那时，识为欲贪所系缚；由于识为欲贪所系缚，他便对此欢喜；因为欢喜，他便追忆了过去。‘在过去，我有这样的意和这样的法。’那时，识为欲贪所系缚；由于识为欲贪所系缚，他便对此欢喜；因为欢喜，他便追忆了过去。贤友，这便称为追忆过去。
‘‘Kathañca, āvuso, atītaṃ anvāgameti? Iti me cakkhu ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti rūpāti – tattha chandarāgappaṭibaddhaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ, chandarāgappaṭibaddhattā viññāṇassa tadabhinandati, tadabhinandanto atītaṃ anvāgameti. Iti me sotaṃ ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti saddāti…pe… iti me ghānaṃ ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti gandhāti… iti me jivhā ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti rasāti… iti me kāyo ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti phoṭṭhabbāti… iti me mano ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti dhammāti – tattha chandarāgappaṭibaddhaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ, chandarāgappaṭibaddhattā viññāṇassa tadabhinandati, tadabhinandanto atītaṃ anvāgameti – evaṃ kho, āvuso, atītaṃ anvāgameti.
39贤友，如何是不追忆过去呢？‘于过去时，我有如是眼，有如是色’——彼时，识不为欲贪所系缚；因识不为欲贪所系缚，便于彼不生欢喜；因于彼不生欢喜，便不追忆过去。‘于过去时，我有如是耳，有如是声’……（中略）……‘于过去时，我有如是鼻，有如是香’……‘于过去时，我有如是舌，有如是味’……‘于过去时，我有如是身，有如是触’……‘于过去时，我有如是意，有如是法’——彼时，识不为欲贪所系缚；因识不为欲贪所系缚，便于彼不生欢喜；因于彼不生欢喜，便不追忆过去。贤友，这便是不追忆过去。
‘‘Kathañca , āvuso, atītaṃ nānvāgameti? Iti me cakkhu ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti rūpāti – tattha na chandarāgappaṭibaddhaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ, na chandarāgappaṭibaddhattā viññāṇassa na tadabhinandati, na tadabhinandanto atītaṃ nānvāgameti. Iti me sotaṃ ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti saddāti…pe… iti me ghānaṃ ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti gandhāti… iti me jivhā ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti rasāti… iti me kāyo ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti phoṭṭhabbāti… iti me mano ahosi atītamaddhānaṃ iti dhammāti – tattha na chandarāgappaṭibaddhaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ, na chandarāgappaṭibaddhattā viññāṇassa, na tadabhinandati, na tadabhinandanto atītaṃ nānvāgameti – evaṃ kho, āvuso, atītaṃ nānvāgameti.
283贤友，什么是期待未来呢？‘愿我在未来有这样的眼，有这样的色’——为了获得尚未得到的东西，他将心倾向于它；由于心的倾向，他便对它生起欢喜；由于欢喜，他便期待未来。‘愿我在未来有这样的耳，有这样的声’……‘愿我在未来有这样的鼻，有这样的香’……‘愿我在未来有这样的舌，有这样的味’……‘愿我在未来有这样的身，有这样的触’……‘愿我在未来有这样的意，有这样的法’——为了获得尚未得到的东西，他将心倾向于它；由于心的倾向，他便对它生起欢喜；由于欢喜，他便期待未来。贤友，这就叫做期待未来。
‘‘Kathañca , āvuso, anāgataṃ paṭikaṅkhati? Iti me cakkhu siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti rūpāti – appaṭiladdhassa paṭilābhāya cittaṃ paṇidahati, cetaso paṇidhānapaccayā tadabhinandati, tadabhinandanto anāgataṃ paṭikaṅkhati. Iti me sotaṃ siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti saddāti…pe… iti me ghānaṃ siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti gandhāti… iti me jivhā siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti rasāti… iti me kāyo siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti phoṭṭhabbāti… iti me mano siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti dhammāti – appaṭiladdhassa paṭilābhāya cittaṃ paṇidahati, cetaso paṇidhānapaccayā tadabhinandati, tadabhinandanto anāgataṃ paṭikaṅkhati – evaṃ kho, āvuso, anāgataṃ paṭikaṅkhati.
41贤友，什么是不期待未来呢？‘愿我在未来有这样的眼，有这样的色’——他并不为了获得尚未得到的东西而将心倾向于它；由于心不倾向，他便不对此生起欢喜；由于不欢喜，他便不期待未来。‘愿我在未来有这样的耳，有这样的声’……‘愿我在未来有这样的鼻，有这样的香’……‘愿我在未来有这样的舌，有这样的味’……‘愿我在未来有这样的身，有这样的触’……‘愿我在未来有这样的意，有这样的法’——他并不为了获得尚未得到的东西而将心倾向于它；由于心不倾向，他便不对此生起欢喜；由于不欢喜，他便不期待未来。贤友，这就叫做不期待未来。
‘‘Kathañca, āvuso, anāgataṃ nappaṭikaṅkhati? Iti me cakkhu siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti rūpāti – appaṭiladdhassa paṭilābhāya cittaṃ nappaṇidahati , cetaso appaṇidhānapaccayā na tadabhinandati, na tadabhinandanto anāgataṃ nappaṭikaṅkhati. Iti me sotaṃ siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti saddāti…pe… iti me ghānaṃ siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti gandhāti… iti me jivhā siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti rasāti… iti me kāyo siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti phoṭṭhabbāti… iti me mano siyā anāgatamaddhānaṃ iti dhammāti – appaṭiladdhassa paṭilābhāya cittaṃ nappaṇidahati, cetaso appaṇidhānapaccayā na tadabhinandati, na tadabhinandanto anāgataṃ nappaṭikaṅkhati – evaṃ kho, āvuso, anāgataṃ nappaṭikaṅkhati.
284贤友，怎样才称为在现在诸法上被征服呢？眼与色，这两者都是现在的。如果在这样的现在之中，识被欲贪所系缚；因识被欲贪所系缚，他便对此欢喜；因欢喜，他便在现在诸法上被征服。耳与声……（中略）……鼻与香……舌与味……身与触……贤友，意与法——这两者都是现在的。如果在这样的现在之中，识被欲贪所系缚；因识被欲贪所系缚，他便对此欢喜；因欢喜，他便在现在诸法上被征服。贤友，这样便称为在现在诸法上被征服。
‘‘Kathañca, āvuso, paccuppannesu dhammesu saṃhīrati? Yañcāvuso, cakkhu ye ca rūpā – ubhayametaṃ paccuppannaṃ. Tasmiṃ ce paccuppanne chandarāgappaṭibaddhaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ, chandarāgappaṭibaddhattā viññāṇassa tadabhinandati, tadabhinandanto paccuppannesu dhammesu saṃhīrati. Yañcāvuso, sotaṃ ye ca saddā…pe… yañcāvuso, ghānaṃ ye ca gandhā… yā cāvuso, jivhā ye ca rasā… yo cāvuso, kāyo ye ca phoṭṭhabbā… yo cāvuso, mano ye ca dhammā – ubhayametaṃ paccuppannaṃ. Tasmiṃ ce paccuppanne chandarāgappaṭibaddhaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ, chandarāgappaṭibaddhattā viññāṇassa tadabhinandati, tadabhinandanto paccuppannesu dhammesu saṃhīrati – evaṃ kho, āvuso, paccuppannesu dhammesu saṃhīrati.
43“贤友，那么，如何于现在诸法不被征服呢？贤友，眼与诸色——这两者皆是现在的。若识在面对现在时被欲贪所系缚，因识被欲贪所系缚，便对此生欢喜；因生欢喜，便于现在诸法被征服。贤友，耳与诸声……贤友，鼻与诸香……贤友，舌与诸味……贤友，身与诸触……贤友，意与诸法——这两者皆是现在的。若识在面对现在时不被欲贪所系缚，因识不被欲贪所系缚，便不对此生欢喜；因不生欢喜，便于现在诸法不被征服。贤友，正是如此，于现在诸法不被征服。”
‘‘Kathañca , āvuso, paccuppannesu dhammesu na saṃhīrati? Yañcāvuso, cakkhu ye ca rūpā – ubhayametaṃ paccuppannaṃ. Tasmiṃ ce paccuppanne na chandarāgappaṭibaddhaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ, na chandarāgappaṭibaddhattā viññāṇassa na tadabhinandati, na tadabhinandanto paccuppannesu dhammesu na saṃhīrati. Yañcāvuso, sotaṃ ye ca saddā…pe… yañcāvuso, ghānaṃ ye ca gandhā… yā cāvuso, jivhā ye ca rasā… yo cāvuso, kāyo ye ca phoṭṭhabbā… yo cāvuso, mano ye ca dhammā – ubhayametaṃ paccuppannaṃ. Tasmiṃ ce paccuppanne na chandarāgappaṭibaddhaṃ hoti viññāṇaṃ, na chandarāgappaṭibaddhattā viññāṇassa na tadabhinandati, na tadabhinandanto paccuppannesu dhammesu na saṃhīrati – evaṃ kho, āvuso, paccuppannesu dhammesu na saṃhīrati.
285贤友们，世尊为我们简略宣说了总纲，未详细分析义理，便从座起身，进入住处。
‘‘Yaṃ kho no, āvuso, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho –
45“不追忆过去……（中略）”
‘‘Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya…pe…
46寂静的牟尼如是宣说：“那确是一夜贤者。”
Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī’’ti.
47贤友，世尊以简略方式诵出这篇总说，并未详细分别其义，我是这样详细地理解它的意义的——
Imassa kho ahaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi –
48于是，那些比丘们对尊者大迦旃延的所说感到欢喜、随喜，从座起身，前往世尊处。到后礼敬世尊，退坐一面。坐定后，比丘们对世尊说：“尊者，世尊为我们略说这篇总说，未详细分别其义，便从座起身进入住处了——”
Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahākaccānassa bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘yaṃ kho no, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho –
49不追忆过去……
‘‘Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya…pe…
50他确实可称为‘一夜贤者’，寂静的牟尼如此宣说。
Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī’’ti.
51尊者，世尊离去后不久，我们心中便这样想：‘贤友们，世尊为我们作了简略的开示，未详细解释其义理，便从座位起身，进入住所了——
Tesaṃ no, bhante, amhākaṃ, acirapakkantassa bhagavato, etadahosi – ‘‘idaṃ kho no, āvuso, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho –
52不应追念过去，不应期盼未来，
‘‘Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya, nappaṭikaṅkhe anāgataṃ;
53过去者已舍断，未来者尚未到来。
Yadatītaṃ pahīnaṃ taṃ, appattañca anāgataṃ.
54对于现在的法，于一切处观察；
‘‘Paccuppannañca yo dhammaṃ, tattha tattha vipassati;
55智者应当修习这不被动摇、不被扰动之心。
Asaṃhīraṃ asaṃkuppaṃ, taṃ vidvā manubrūhaye.
56今日即当精勤努力，谁能确知明日之死？
‘‘Ajjeva kiccamātappaṃ, ko jaññā maraṇaṃ suve;
57我们确实不曾与那死神的庞大军队有过任何约定。
Na hi no saṅgaraṃ tena, mahāsenena maccunā.
58如此精勤安住，日夜不懈怠的人，
‘‘Evaṃ vihāriṃ ātāpiṃ, ahorattamatanditaṃ;
59此即一夜贤者，寂静的牟尼如此宣说。”
Taṃ ve bhaddekarattoti, santo ācikkhate munī’’ti.
60谁能详细解说世尊这简略宣说、未详释其义的略说法要呢？
‘‘Ko nu kho imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajeyyā’’ti?
61“诸比丘，大迦旃延是智者；诸比丘，大迦旃延是具足大智慧的人。诸比丘，如果你们就此义理来问我，我也会完全如同大迦旃延所解释的那样来解释。这就是它的含义，你们应当如此受持。”
‘‘Paṇḍito, bhikkhave, mahākaccāno; mahāpañño, bhikkhave mahākaccāno. Maṃ cepi tumhe, bhikkhave, etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyātha, ahampi taṃ evamevaṃ byākareyyaṃ yathā taṃ mahākaccānena byākataṃ. Eso, cevetassa attho. Evañca naṃ dhārethā’’ti.
62这是世尊所说。那些比丘心满意足，对世尊的宣说欢喜赞叹。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
63大迦旃延一夜贤者经 第三终
Mahākaccānabhaddekarattasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.