MN 129 · 愚者智者经
246如是我闻：有一次，世尊住在舍卫城祇陀林给孤独园。那时，世尊呼唤比丘们：“比丘们。”那些比丘回答世尊：“尊师。”世尊这么说：
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
2“比丘们，愚者有这三种愚者的特征、愚者的印记、愚者的表现。哪三种呢？比丘们，这里，一个愚者是恶思的思惟者、恶语的语言者、恶行的行为者。比丘们，如果这个愚者不是恶思的思惟者、恶语的语言者、恶行的行为者，那么智者们怎么能够知道他是‘这个愚者是个不善之人’呢？比丘们，正因为他是一个恶思的思惟者、恶语的语言者、恶行的行为者，所以智者们才知道他是‘这个愚者是个不善之人’。比丘们，那个愚者就在现世，会经历三种苦和忧。比丘们，如果愚者坐在大众厅堂里，或坐在路边，或坐在十字路口；那里的人们正在谈论与那类人相称的事情。比丘们，如果这个愚者是杀生者、不给予而取者、邪淫者、妄语者、饮酒导致放逸者，那么，比丘们，愚者心中就会这样想：‘人们所谈论的那些与那类人相称的事，那些法确实存在于我身上，而我也就存在于那些法之中。’比丘们，这是愚者在现世经历的第一种苦和忧。
‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, bālassa bālalakkhaṇāni bālanimittāni bālāpadānāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Idha, bhikkhave, bālo duccintitacintī ca hoti dubbhāsitabhāsī ca dukkaṭakammakārī ca. No cetaṃ , bhikkhave, bālo duccintitacintī ca abhavissa dubbhāsitabhāsī ca dukkaṭakammakārī ca kena naṃ paṇḍitā jāneyyuṃ – ‘bālo ayaṃ bhavaṃ asappuriso’ti? Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, bālo duccintitacintī ca hoti dubbhāsitabhāsī ca dukkaṭakammakārī ca tasmā naṃ paṇḍitā jānanti – ‘bālo ayaṃ bhavaṃ asappuriso’ti. Sa kho so, bhikkhave, bālo tividhaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Sace, bhikkhave, bālo sabhāyaṃ vā nisinno hoti, rathikāya vā nisinno hoti, siṅghāṭake vā nisinno hoti; tatra ce jano tajjaṃ tassāruppaṃ kathaṃ manteti. Sace, bhikkhave, bālo pāṇātipātī hoti, adinnādāyī hoti, kāmesumicchācārī hoti, musāvādī hoti, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhāyī hoti, tatra, bhikkhave, bālassa evaṃ hoti – ‘yaṃ kho jano tajjaṃ tassāruppaṃ kathaṃ manteti, saṃvijjanteva te dhammā mayi, ahañca tesu dhammesu sandissāmī’ti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, bālo paṭhamaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti.
247“再者，比丘们，愚者看见国王们抓到作恶的盗贼后，施以各种刑罚：鞭打、棒打、棍打、断手、断脚、断手脚、割耳、割鼻、割耳鼻、做‘稀粥锅’刑、做‘螺壳秃’刑、做‘罗睺口’刑、做‘火焰鬘’刑、做‘手烛’刑、做‘罗剎行’刑、做‘树皮衣’刑、做‘羚羊刑’、做‘钩肉’刑、做‘钱币’刑、做‘碱水浇’刑、做‘门闩转’刑、做‘稻草墩’刑、用滚烫的油浇淋、让狗啃咬、活活地穿刺在桩上、用剑砍头。那时，比丘们，愚者心中就会这样想：‘国王们正是因为那些种种恶行的缘故，才抓到作恶的盗贼，施以各种刑罚：鞭打……乃至……用剑砍头。那些法确实存在于我身上，而我也就存在于那些法之中。如果国王们知道我的事，国王们也会抓到我，并施以各种刑罚：鞭打我……乃至……活活地穿刺在桩上，用剑砍我的头。’比丘们，这是愚者在现世经历的第二种苦和忧。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bālo passati rājāno coraṃ āgucāriṃ gahetvā vividhā kammakāraṇā kārente – kasāhipi tāḷente vettehipi tāḷente addhadaṇḍakehipi tāḷente hatthampi chindante pādampi chindante hatthapādampi chindante kaṇṇampi chindante nāsampi chindante kaṇṇanāsampi chindante bilaṅgathālikampi karonte saṅkhamuṇḍikampi karonte rāhumukhampi karonte jotimālikampi karonte hatthapajjotikampi karonte erakavattikampi karonte cīrakavāsikampi karonte eṇeyyakampi karonte baḷisamaṃsikampi karonte kahāpaṇikampi karonte khārāpatacchikampi karonte palighaparivattikampi karonte palālapīṭhakampi karonte tattenapi telena osiñcante sunakhehipi khādāpente jīvantampi sūle uttāsente asināpi sīsaṃ chindante. Tatra, bhikkhave, bālassa evaṃ hoti – ‘yathārūpānaṃ kho pāpakānaṃ kammānaṃ hetu rājāno coraṃ āgucāriṃ gahetvā vividhā kammakāraṇā kārenti – kasāhipi tāḷenti…pe… asināpi sīsaṃ chindanti; saṃvijjanteva te dhammā mayi, ahañca tesu dhammesu sandissāmi. Maṃ cepi rājāno jāneyyuṃ, mampi rājāno gahetvā vividhā kammakāraṇā kāreyyuṃ – kasāhipi tāḷeyyuṃ…pe… jīvantampi sūle uttāseyyuṃ, asināpi sīsaṃ chindeyyu’nti. Idampi, bhikkhave, bālo dutiyaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti.
248“再者，比丘们，当愚者坐在椅子上，或躺在床上，或躺在地上时，他以前所做的那些恶行，也就是身的恶行、语的恶行、意的恶行，在那个时候会悬挂、会低垂、会完全笼罩着他。比丘们，就像在傍晚时分，一座座大山的山峰的影子悬挂、低垂、完全笼罩着大地；同样地，比丘们，当愚者坐在椅子上，或躺在床上，或躺在地上时，他以前所做的那些恶行，也就是身的恶行、语的恶行、意的恶行，在那个时候会悬挂、会低垂、会完全笼罩着他。那时，比丘们，愚者心中就会这样想：‘我确实没做过善的，没做过有利益的，没做过能防护恐惧的；我做了恶，做了残忍的事，做了污秽的事。死后，我将走向那些没做过善、没做过有利益的事、没做过防护恐惧的事，却做了恶、做了残忍的事、做了污秽的事的人所去的地方。’他忧愁、疲惫、哀号、捶胸痛哭，陷入迷乱。比丘们，这是愚者在现世经历的第三种苦和忧。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bālaṃ pīṭhasamārūḷhaṃ vā mañcasamārūḷhaṃ vā chamāyaṃ vā semānaṃ, yānissa pubbe pāpakāni kammāni katāni kāyena duccaritāni vācāya duccaritāni manasā duccaritāni tānissa tamhi samaye olambanti ajjholambanti abhippalambanti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahataṃ pabbatakūṭānaṃ chāyā sāyanhasamayaṃ pathaviyā olambanti ajjholambanti abhippalambanti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bālaṃ pīṭhasamārūḷhaṃ vā mañcasamārūḷhaṃ vā chamāyaṃ vā semānaṃ, yānissa pubbe pāpakāni kammāni katāni kāyena duccaritāni vācāya duccaritāni manasā duccaritāni tānissa tamhi samaye olambanti ajjholambanti abhippalambanti. Tatra, bhikkhave, bālassa evaṃ hoti – ‘akataṃ vata me kalyāṇaṃ, akataṃ kusalaṃ, akataṃ bhīruttāṇaṃ; kataṃ pāpaṃ, kataṃ luddaṃ, kataṃ kibbisaṃ. Yāvatā, bho, akatakalyāṇānaṃ akatakusalānaṃ akatabhīruttāṇānaṃ katapāpānaṃ kataluddānaṃ katakibbisānaṃ gati taṃ gatiṃ pecca gacchāmī’ti. So socati kilamati paridevati urattāḷiṃ kandati sammohaṃ āpajjati. Idampi, bhikkhave, bālo tatiyaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti.
5“比丘们，那个愚者做了身的恶行，做了语的恶行，做了意的恶行，身体崩溃，死后就投生到那无幸处、恶趣、险难处、地狱。比丘们，如果正确地说，就是‘完全不如意、完全不乐意、完全不合意’的（地方），那么正确地说，指的就是地狱——‘完全不如意、完全不乐意、完全不合意’。比丘们，就连要用譬喻来说明地狱到底有多苦，也不容易做到。”
‘‘Sa kho so, bhikkhave, bālo kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā vācāya duccaritaṃ caritvā manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. Yaṃ kho taṃ, bhikkhave, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘ekantaṃ aniṭṭhaṃ ekantaṃ akantaṃ ekantaṃ amanāpa’nti, nirayameva taṃ sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘ekantaṃ aniṭṭhaṃ ekantaṃ akantaṃ ekantaṃ amanāpa’nti. Yāvañcidaṃ, bhikkhave, upamāpi na sukarā yāva dukkhā nirayā’’ti.
249听了这番话，某位比丘对世尊这样说：‘尊者，可是能打个譬喻吗？’世尊回答说：‘比丘，能打的。’‘比丘们，如同一位转轮王，具足七种宝物与四种神通，并因此体验快乐与喜悦。是哪七种宝物呢？比丘们，这里，一位灌顶的刹帝利王，在十五布萨日，洗了头，持守布萨戒，登上宫殿顶层的那个日子，就会有天界的轮宝出现给他，这轮宝有千根辐条，轮辋、轮毂齐全，一切特征圆满。灌顶的刹帝利王看到它之后，心中会这样想：‘我听闻过，有哪位灌顶的刹帝利王，在十五布萨日，洗了头，持守布萨戒，登上宫殿顶层的那个日子，天界的千辐轮宝，轮辋、轮毂齐全，一切特征圆满地出现，那位就成为转轮王。那么，我是否会是转轮王呢？’
Evaṃ vutte, aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sakkā pana, bhante, upamaṃ kātu’’nti? ‘‘Sakkā bhikkhū’’ti bhagavā avoca. ‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī sattahi ratanehi samannāgato catūhi ca iddhīhi tatonidānaṃ sukhaṃ somanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Katamehi sattahi? Idha, bhikkhave, rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa tadahuposathe pannarase sīsaṃnhātassa uposathikassa uparipāsādavaragatassa dibbaṃ cakkaratanaṃ pātubhavati sahassāraṃ sanemikaṃ sanābhikaṃ sabbākāraparipūraṃ. Taṃ disvāna rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa evaṃ hoti – ‘sutaṃ kho pana metaṃ yassa rañño khattiyassa muddhāvasittassa tadahuposathe pannarase sīsaṃnhātassa uposathikassa uparipāsādavaragatassa dibbaṃ cakkaratanaṃ pātubhavati sahassāraṃ sanemikaṃ sanābhikaṃ sabbākāraparipūraṃ, so hoti rājā cakkavattīti. Assaṃ nu kho ahaṃ rājā cakkavattī’’’ti?
250那时，世尊拿起一块手掌大小的石头，对诸比丘说：“比丘们，你们怎么看？哪一个是更大的——是我现在拿起的这块手掌大小的石头，还是那雪山之王喜马拉雅山？”“世尊，您拿起的这块手掌大小的石头，是极其微小的。跟雪山之王喜马拉雅山相比，根本无法计算，不及其一分一毫，完全不能比较。”“正是如此，比丘们，那个被三百根长矛刺穿的人，因此所体验到的痛苦与忧恼，跟地狱众生的痛苦相比，也完全无法计算，不及其一分一毫，完全不能比较。”
Atha kho bhagavā parittaṃ pāṇimattaṃ pāsāṇaṃ gahetvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamo nu kho mahantataro – yo cāyaṃ mayā paritto pāṇimatto pāsāṇo gahito, yo ca himavā pabbatarājā’’ti? ‘‘Appamattako ayaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā paritto pāṇimatto pāsāṇo gahito, himavantaṃ pabbatarājānaṃ upanidhāya saṅkhampi na upeti, kalabhāgampi na upeti, upanidhampi na upeti’’. ‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yaṃ so puriso tīhi sattisatehi haññamāno tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti taṃ nirayakassa dukkhassa upanidhāya saṅkhampi na upeti, kalabhāgampi na upeti, upanidhampi na upeti’’.
8“比丘们，然后，地狱守卫对他进行一种叫做'五支束缚'的惩罚：他们将一根烧红的铁桩打进他一只手，将一根烧红的铁桩打进他另一只手，将一根烧红的铁桩打进他一只脚，将一根烧红的铁桩打进他另一只脚，将一根烧红的铁桩打进他胸膛中央。他在那里体验到痛苦的、剧烈的、猛烈的、辛辣的感受，但只要他的恶业还未耗尽，他就不会死去。接着，比丘们，地狱守卫将他按下，用斧头削他。他在那里体验到痛苦的、剧烈的……（中略）……只要恶业还未耗尽，他就不会死去。接着，比丘们，地狱守卫将他头下脚上地抓住，用凿子削他。他在那里体验到痛苦的、剧烈的……只要恶业还未耗尽，他就不会死去。接着，比丘们，地狱守卫把他套在车上，让他在一片燃烧着、炽燃着、火焰冲天的地面上被拖来拖去。他在那里体验到痛苦的、剧烈的……只要恶业还未耗尽，他就不会死去。接着，比丘们，地狱守卫驱赶他爬上一座巨大的、燃烧着、炽燃着、火焰冲天的火炭山，又驱赶他爬下来。他在那里体验到痛苦的、剧烈的、猛烈的、辛辣的感受，但只要他的恶业还未耗尽，他就不会死去。接着，比丘们，地狱守卫将他头下脚上地抓住，投入一个烧红、燃烧、炽燃、火焰冲天的铜釜中。他在那里被煮得浮起泡沫。就这样，他在被煮得浮起泡沫时，一会儿往上浮，一会儿往下沉，一会儿横着漂。他在那里体验到痛苦的、剧烈的、猛烈的、辛辣的感受，但只要他的恶业还未耗尽，他就不会死去。比丘们，然后，地狱守卫将他投入大地狱之中。而那个大地狱，比丘们——
‘‘Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayapālā pañcavidhabandhanaṃ nāma kammakāraṇaṃ karonti – tattaṃ ayokhilaṃ hatthe gamenti, tattaṃ ayokhilaṃ dutiye hatthe gamenti, tattaṃ ayokhilaṃ pāde gamenti, tattaṃ ayokhilaṃ dutiye pāde gamenti, tattaṃ ayokhilaṃ majjhe urasmiṃ gamenti. So tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedeti, na ca tāva kālaṃ karoti yāva na taṃ pāpakammaṃ byantīhoti . Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayapālā saṃvesetvā kuṭhārīhi tacchanti. So tattha dukkhā tibbā…pe… byantīhoti. Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayapālā uddhaṃpādaṃ adhosiraṃ gahetvā vāsīhi tacchanti. So tattha dukkhā tibbā…pe… byantīhoti. Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayapālā rathe yojetvā ādittāya pathaviyā sampajjalitāya sajotibhūtāya sārentipi paccāsārentipi . So tattha dukkhā tibbā…pe… byantīhoti. Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayapālā mahantaṃ aṅgārapabbataṃ ādittaṃ sampajjalitaṃ sajotibhūtaṃ āropentipi oropentipi. So tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedeti, na ca tāva kālaṃ karoti yāva na taṃ pāpakammaṃ byantīhoti. Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayapālā uddhaṃpādaṃ adhosiraṃ gahetvā tattāya lohakumbhiyā pakkhipanti ādittāya sampajjalitāya sajotibhūtāya. So tattha pheṇuddehakaṃ paccati. So tattha pheṇuddehakaṃ paccamāno sakimpi uddhaṃ gacchati, sakimpi adho gacchati, sakimpi tiriyaṃ gacchati. So tattha dukkhā tibbā kharā kaṭukā vedanā vedeti, na ca tāva kālaṅkaroti yāva na taṃ pāpakammaṃ byantīhoti. Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayapālā mahāniraye pakkhipanti. So kho pana, bhikkhave, mahānirayo –
9“它有四个角落，四个大门，被划分成一块一块，界限分明；
‘‘Catukkaṇṇo catudvāro, vibhatto bhāgaso mito;
10它被铁墙团团围住，上面覆盖着铁顶。
Ayopākārapariyanto, ayasā paṭikujjito.
11“它的地面也是铁做的，燃烧着，充满了炽热的火焰；
‘‘Tassa ayomayā bhūmi, jalitā tejasā yutā;
12它周遍一百由旬，永远这样地矗立着。”
Samantā yojanasataṃ, pharitvā tiṭṭhati sabbadā’’.
13比丘们，即使我用多种方式讲述地狱的情况，也还是很难用语言完全说清楚——地狱到底有多苦。
‘‘Anekapariyāyenapi kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, nirayakathaṃ katheyyaṃ; yāvañcidaṃ, bhikkhave, na sukarā akkhānena pāpuṇituṃ yāva dukkhā nirayā.
251比丘们，有些投生为畜生道的众生是吃草的。不管是新鲜的草还是干草，它们都用牙齿撕扯着啃食。比丘们，哪些投生为畜生道的众生是吃草的呢？大象、马、牛、驴、山羊、鹿，以及其他任何吃草的畜生道众生。比丘们，那位愚者，由于从前在这里贪着滋味，在这里造作了恶行，在身体破裂、死亡之后，就会投生到那些吃草的众生群中与他们为伴。
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā tiṇabhakkhā. Te allānipi tiṇāni sukkhānipi tiṇāni dantullehakaṃ khādanti. Katame ca, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā tiṇabhakkhā? Hatthī assā goṇā gadrabhā ajā migā, ye vā panaññepi keci tiracchānagatā pāṇā tiṇabhakkhā. Sa kho so, bhikkhave, bālo idha pubbe rasādo idha pāpāni kammāni karitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā tesaṃ sattānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati ye te sattā tiṇabhakkhā.
15比丘们，有些投生为畜生道的众生是吃粪的。它们远远地闻到粪便的气味就跑过去，心里想着：'这里有得吃，这里有得吃。'比丘们，就像婆罗门闻到祭祀供品的气味就跑过去，想着'这里有得吃，这里有得吃'一样，那些吃粪的畜生道众生，远远地闻到粪便的气味就跑过去，想着：'这里有得吃，这里有得吃。'比丘们，哪些投生为畜生道的众生是吃粪的呢？鸡、猪、狗、豺狼，以及其他任何吃粪的畜生道众生。比丘们，那位愚者，由于从前在这里贪着滋味，在这里造作了恶行，在身体破裂、死亡之后，就会投生到那些吃粪的众生群中与他们为伴。
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā gūthabhakkhā. Te dūratova gūthagandhaṃ ghāyitvā dhāvanti – ‘ettha bhuñjissāma, ettha bhuñjissāmā’ti. Seyyathāpi nāma brāhmaṇā āhutigandhena dhāvanti – ‘ettha bhuñjissāma, ettha bhuñjissāmā’ti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, santi tiracchānagatā pāṇā gūthabhakkhā, te dūratova gūthagandhaṃ ghāyitvā dhāvanti – ‘ettha bhuñjissāma, ettha bhuñjissāmā’ti. Katame ca, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā gūthabhakkhā? Kukkuṭā sūkarā soṇā siṅgālā, ye vā panaññepi keci tiracchānagatā pāṇā gūthabhakkhā. Sa kho so, bhikkhave, bālo idha pubbe rasādo idha pāpāni kammāni karitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā tesaṃ sattānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati ye te sattā gūthabhakkhā.
16比丘们，有些投生为畜生道的众生，在黑暗中出生，在黑暗中生活，在黑暗中死去。比丘们，哪些投生为畜生道的众生是在黑暗中出生、在黑暗中生活、在黑暗中死去的呢？昆虫、蛆虫、蚯蚓，以及其他任何在黑暗中出生、在黑暗中生活、在黑暗中死去的畜生道众生。比丘们，那位愚者，由于从前在这里贪着滋味，在这里造作了恶行，在身体破裂、死亡之后，就会投生到那些在黑暗中出生、在黑暗中生活、在黑暗中死去的众生群中与他们为伴。
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā andhakāre jāyanti andhakāre jīyanti andhakāre mīyanti . Katame ca, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā andhakāre jāyanti andhakāre jīyanti andhakāre mīyanti? Kīṭā puḷavā gaṇḍuppādā, ye vā panaññepi keci tiracchānagatā pāṇā andhakāre jāyanti andhakāre jīyanti andhakāre mīyanti. Sa kho so, bhikkhave, bālo idha pubbe rasādo, idha pāpāni kammāni karitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā tesaṃ sattānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati ye te sattā andhakāre jāyanti andhakāre jīyanti andhakāre mīyanti.
17比丘们，有些投生为畜生道的众生，在水中出生，在水中生活，在水中死去。比丘们，哪些投生为畜生道的众生是在水中出生、在水中生活、在水中死去的呢？鱼、龟、鳄鱼，以及其他任何在水中出生、在水中生活、在水中死去的畜生道众生。比丘们，那位愚者，由于从前在这里贪着滋味，在这里造作了恶行，在身体破裂、死亡之后，就会投生到那些在水中出生、在水中生活、在水中死去的众生群中与他们为伴。
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā udakasmiṃ jāyanti udakasmiṃ jīyanti udakasmiṃ mīyanti. Katame ca, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā udakasmiṃ jāyanti udakasmiṃ jīyanti udakasmiṃ mīyanti? Macchā kacchapā susumārā, ye vā panaññepi keci tiracchānagatā pāṇā udakasmiṃ jāyanti udakasmiṃ jīyanti udakasmiṃ mīyanti. Sa kho so, bhikkhave, bālo idha pubbe rasādo idha pāpāni kammāni karitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā tesaṃ sattānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati ye te sattā udakasmiṃ jāyanti udakasmiṃ jīyanti udakasmiṃ mīyanti.
18比丘们，有些投生为畜生道的众生，在不净之处出生，在不净之处生活，在不净之处死去。比丘们，哪些投生为畜生道的众生是在不净之处出生、在不净之处生活、在不净之处死去的呢？比丘们，那些在腐臭的鱼里、在腐臭的尸体里、在腐臭的粥饭里、在污水坑里、在臭水沟里出生、生活、死去的众生，以及其他任何在不净之处出生、在不净之处生活、在不净之处死去的畜生道众生。比丘们，那位愚者，由于从前在这里贪着滋味，在这里造作了恶行，在身体破裂、死亡之后，就会投生到那些在不净之处出生、在不净之处生活、在不净之处死去的众生群中与他们为伴。
‘‘Santi , bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā asucismiṃ jāyanti asucismiṃ jīyanti asucismiṃ mīyanti. Katame ca, bhikkhave, tiracchānagatā pāṇā asucismiṃ jāyanti asucismiṃ jīyanti asucismiṃ mīyanti? Ye te, bhikkhave, sattā pūtimacche vā jāyanti pūtimacche vā jīyanti pūtimacche vā mīyanti pūtikuṇape vā…pe… pūtikummāse vā… candanikāya vā… oligalle vā jāyanti, (ye vā panaññepi keci tiracchānagatā pāṇā asucismiṃ jāyanti asucismiṃ jīyanti asucismiṃ mīyanti.) Sa kho so, bhikkhave, bālo idha pubbe rasādo idha pāpāni kammāni karitvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā tesaṃ sattānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjati ye te sattā asucismiṃ jāyanti asucismiṃ jīyanti asucismiṃ mīyanti.
19“诸比丘，我可以用各种方式来讲述畜生道；然而，诸比丘，畜生道有多苦，是根本无法用语言彻底说清楚的。”
‘‘Anekapariyāyenapi kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, tiracchānayonikathaṃ katheyyaṃ; yāvañcidaṃ, bhikkhave, na sukaraṃ akkhānena pāpuṇituṃ yāva dukkhā tiracchānayoni.
252“诸比丘，好比有人把一个单孔牛轭扔进大海。东风吹它向西，西风吹它向东，北风吹它向南，南风吹它向北。那里有一只瞎眼乌龟，每隔一百年才浮出水面一次。诸比丘，你们怎么看，这只瞎眼乌龟有没有可能把头伸进那个单孔牛轭里呢？”（“尊者，不可能。”）“尊者，如果经过极其漫长的时间，或许有那么一点可能。”“诸比丘，那只瞎眼乌龟把头伸进那单孔牛轭里，比起一个已经堕落的愚者再次获得人身，我说要更快些。那是什么原因呢？因为在这里，诸比丘，没有正法行、没有正行、没有善业、没有功德行。在这里，诸比丘，只有互相吞食，吞食弱者。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso ekacchiggalaṃ yugaṃ mahāsamudde pakkhipeyya. Tamenaṃ puratthimo vāto pacchimena saṃhareyya, pacchimo vāto puratthimena saṃhareyya, uttaro vāto dakkhiṇena saṃhareyya, dakkhiṇo vāto uttarena saṃhareyya. Tatrāssa kāṇo kacchapo, so vassasatassa vassasatassa accayena sakiṃ ummujjeyya. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nu so kāṇo kacchapo amusmiṃ ekacchiggale yuge gīvaṃ paveseyyā’’ti? (‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.) ‘‘Yadi pana , bhante, kadāci karahaci dīghassa addhuno accayenā’’ti. ‘‘Khippataraṃ kho so, bhikkhave, kāṇo kacchapo amusmiṃ ekacchiggale yuge gīvaṃ paveseyya, ato dullabhatarāhaṃ, bhikkhave, manussattaṃ vadāmi sakiṃ vinipātagatena bālena. Taṃ kissa hetu? Na hettha, bhikkhave, atthi dhammacariyā samacariyā kusalakiriyā puññakiriyā. Aññamaññakhādikā ettha, bhikkhave, vattati dubbalakhādikā’’.
21“诸比丘，如果那个愚者，经过极其漫长的岁月，偶尔又一次得到了人身，那也是投生到那些低贱的家族——比如旃陀罗族、猎人族、竹匠族、车匠族、或清道夫族。他转生在这样贫穷、缺少饮食、生活艰难的家庭里，在那里，很难获得衣服和食物。而且他长得丑陋、难看、矮小、多病，或是瞎眼、或是手瘸、或是驼背、或是半身不遂，得不到食物、饮料、衣服、车乘、花环、香料、香水、床铺、住所和照明。他继续造作身恶行、语恶行、意恶行。由于造作了身恶行、语恶行、意恶行，他在身坏命终之后，便会投生到苦界、恶趣、堕落处、地狱。”
‘‘Sa kho so, bhikkhave, bālo sace kadāci karahaci dīghassa addhuno accayena manussattaṃ āgacchati, yāni tāni nīcakulāni – caṇḍālakulaṃ vā nesādakulaṃ vā venakulaṃ vā rathakārakulaṃ vā pukkusakulaṃ vā. Tathārūpe kule paccājāyati dalidde appannapānabhojane kasiravuttike, yattha kasirena ghāsacchādo labbhati. So ca hoti dubbaṇṇo duddasiko okoṭimako bavhābādho kāṇo vā kuṇī vā khujjo vā pakkhahato vā na lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālāgandhavilepanassa seyyāvasathapadīpeyyassa. So kāyena duccaritaṃ carati vācāya duccaritaṃ carati manasā duccaritaṃ carati. So kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā vācāya duccaritaṃ caritvā manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati.
22“诸比丘，好比一个赌徒，在第一次掷出坏点数时就输掉了儿子，输掉了妻子，输掉了所有财产，甚至连自己也输掉了，被人捆绑起来。然而，诸比丘，比起这个赌徒在第一次掷出坏点数时就输掉儿子、输掉妻子、输掉所有财产，连自己也输掉被人捆绑这事，这个坏点数还不算什么。那愚者造作了身恶行、语恶行、意恶行之后，在身坏命终之后，投生到苦界、恶趣、堕落处、地狱，这个坏点数，实在比前者大得多。诸比丘，这就是完整圆满的愚者境地。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, akkhadhutto paṭhameneva kaliggahena puttampi jīyetha, dārampi jīyetha, sabbaṃ sāpateyyampi jīyetha, uttaripi adhibandhaṃ nigaccheyya. Appamattako so, bhikkhave, kaliggaho yaṃ so akkhadhutto paṭhameneva kaliggahena puttampi jīyetha, dārampi jīyetha, sabbaṃ sāpateyyampi jīyetha, uttaripi adhibandhaṃ nigaccheyya. Atha kho ayameva tato mahantataro kaliggaho yaṃ so bālo kāyena duccaritaṃ caritvā vācāya duccaritaṃ caritvā manasā duccaritaṃ caritvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, kevalā paripūrā bālabhūmī’’ti.
253“诸比丘，智者有这三种智者特征、智者迹象、智者品行。哪三种呢？在此，诸比丘，智者善于思惟善的思惟，善于说善的语言，善于做善的行为。如果，诸比丘，一个智者不是善于思惟善的思惟，善于说善的语言，善于做善的行为，那么，那些有智慧的人又凭什么知道：‘这位尊者是个智者、是个善士’呢？正因为，诸比丘，智者确实善于思惟善的思惟，善于说善的语言，善于做善的行为，所以那些有智慧的人才知道：‘这位尊者是个智者、是个善士’。诸比丘，这个智者在现世当下，就能体验到三种快乐和喜悦。诸比丘，如果智者坐在大众集会处，或是坐在路边，或是坐在十字路口；在那里，人们谈论着与之相关、与之相称的话题。诸比丘，如果智者已远离杀生，已远离不与取，已远离欲邪行，已远离妄语，已远离导致放逸的谷酒、花果酒等一类酒品；那么，在这时，诸比丘，智者会这样想：‘人们正在谈论的那些与之相关、与之相称的法，那些法确实存在于我身上，我也确实体现在那些法之中。’诸比丘，这就是智者在现世当下体验到的第一种快乐和喜悦。”
‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, paṇḍitassa paṇḍitalakkhaṇāni paṇḍitanimittāni paṇḍitāpadānāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Idha, bhikkhave, paṇḍito sucintitacintī ca hoti subhāsitabhāsī ca sukatakammakārī ca. No cetaṃ, bhikkhave, paṇḍito sucintitacintī ca abhavissa subhāsitabhāsī ca sukatakammakārī ca, kena naṃ paṇḍitā jāneyyuṃ – ‘paṇḍito ayaṃ bhavaṃ sappuriso’ti? Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, paṇḍito sucintitacintī ca hoti subhāsitabhāsī ca sukatakammakārī ca tasmā naṃ paṇḍitā jānanti – ‘paṇḍito ayaṃ bhavaṃ sappuriso’ti. Sa kho so, bhikkhave, paṇḍito tividhaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sukhaṃ somanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti. Sace, bhikkhave, paṇḍito sabhāyaṃ vā nisinno hoti, rathikāya vā nisinno hoti, siṅghāṭake vā nisinno hoti; tatra ce jano tajjaṃ tassāruppaṃ kathaṃ manteti . Sace, bhikkhave, paṇḍito pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti, musāvādā paṭivirato hoti, surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato hoti; tatra, bhikkhave, paṇḍitassa evaṃ hoti – ‘yaṃ kho jano tajjaṃ tassāruppaṃ kathaṃ manteti; saṃvijjanteva te dhammā mayi, ahañca tesu dhammesu sandissāmī’ti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, paṇḍito paṭhamaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sukhaṃ somanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti.
254“再者，诸比丘，智者看到国王们抓住了盗贼、罪犯后，令其遭受种种刑罚——用鞭子抽打，用藤条抽打，用短棒捶打；砍断手、砍断脚、砍断手脚、割掉耳朵、割掉鼻子、割掉耳鼻；施以‘稀粥锅’刑、施以‘螺髻秃’刑、施以‘罗睺口’刑、施以‘火环’刑、施以‘火炬手’刑、施以‘草叶轮’刑、施以‘树皮衣’刑、施以‘羚羊’刑、施以‘钩肉’刑、施以‘钱币割肉’刑、施以‘碱液浇身’刑、施以‘转动门闩’刑、施以‘稻草墩’刑，用滚烫的油浇淋，让狗咬食，活着贯穿在矛尖上，用刀砍下头。在这时，诸比丘，智者会这样想：‘国王们之所以抓住了盗贼、罪犯后，令其遭受种种刑罚——用鞭子抽打……用刀砍下头，是因为造作那些恶行的缘故。那些恶法并不存在于我身上，我也没有体现在那些恶法之中。’诸比丘，这就是智者在现世当下体验到的第二种快乐和喜悦。”
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, paṇḍito passati rājāno coraṃ āgucāriṃ gahetvā vividhā kammakāraṇā kārente – kasāhipi tāḷente vettehipi tāḷente addhadaṇḍakehipi tāḷente hatthampi chindante pādampi chindante hatthapādampi chindante kaṇṇampi chindante nāsampi chindante kaṇṇanāsampi chindante bilaṅgathālikampi karonte saṅkhamuṇḍikampi karonte rāhumukhampi karonte jotimālikampi karonte hatthapajjotikampi karonte erakavattikampi karonte cīrakavāsikampi karonte eṇeyyakampi karonte balisamaṃsikampi karonte kahāpaṇikampi karonte khārāpatacchikampi karonte palighaparivattikampi karonte palālapīṭhakampi karonte tattenapi telena osiñcante sunakhehipi khādāpente jīvantampi sūle uttāsente asināpi sīsaṃ chindante. Tatra, bhikkhave, paṇḍitassa evaṃ hoti – ‘yathārūpānaṃ kho pāpakānaṃ kammānaṃ hetu rājāno coraṃ āgucāriṃ gahetvā vividhā kammakāraṇā kārenti kasāhipi tāḷenti, vettehipi tāḷenti, addhadaṇḍakehipi tāḷenti, hatthampi chindanti , pādampi chindanti, hatthapādampi chindanti, kaṇṇampi chindanti, nāsampi chindanti, kaṇṇanāsampi chindanti, bilaṅgathālikampi karonti, saṅkhamuṇḍikampi karonti, rāhumukhampi karonti, jotimālikampi karonti, hatthapajjotikampi karonti, erakavattikampi karonti, cīrakavāsikampi karonti, eṇeyyakampi karonti, balisamaṃsikampi karonti, kahāpaṇikampi karonti, khārāpatacchikampi karonti, palighaparivattikampi karonti, palālapīṭhakampi karonti, tattenapi telena osiñcanti, sunakhehipi khādāpenti, jīvantampi sūle uttāsenti, asināpi sīsaṃ chindanti, na te dhammā mayi saṃvijjanti, ahañca na tesu dhammesu sandissāmī’ti. Idampi, bhikkhave, paṇḍito dutiyaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sukhaṃ somanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti.
255再者，比丘们，当智者坐在椅子上、躺在床上或躺在地上时，他过去所做的那些善业——身善行、语善行、意善行，在那个时候会悬挂、垂挂、覆盖在他身上。比丘们，就像傍晚时分，群山之巅的巨大阴影，悬挂、垂挂、覆盖在大地上一样；比丘们，同样地，当智者坐在椅子上、躺在床上或躺在地上时，他过去所做的那些善业——身善行、语善行、意善行，在那个时候会悬挂、垂挂、覆盖在他身上。在这时候，比丘们，智者心中会这样想：‘我确实没有造恶，没有做残忍的事，没有做污秽的事；我造了善，做了有益的事，做了庇护自己的事。那些没有造恶、没有做残忍事、没有做污秽事，造了善、做了有益事、做了庇护自己事的人，他们死后会去的趣处，我也将去往那个趣处。’他不会忧伤，不会疲惫，不会悲叹，不会捶胸痛哭，也不会陷入迷乱。比丘们，这也就是智者今生所体验到的第三种快乐与喜悦。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, paṇḍitaṃ pīṭhasamārūḷhaṃ vā mañcasamārūḷhaṃ vā chamāyaṃ vā semānaṃ, yānissa pubbe kalyāṇāni kammāni katāni kāyena sucaritāni vācāya sucaritāni manasā sucaritāni tānissa tamhi samaye olambanti…pe… seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahataṃ pabbatakūṭānaṃ chāyā sāyanhasamayaṃ pathaviyā olambanti ajjholambanti abhippalambanti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, paṇḍitaṃ pīṭhasamārūḷhaṃ vā mañcasamārūḷhaṃ vā chamāyaṃ vā semānaṃ yānissa pubbe kalyāṇāni kammāni katāni kāyena sucaritāni vācāya sucaritāni manasā sucaritāni tānissa tamhi samaye olambanti ajjholambanti abhippalambanti. Tatra, bhikkhave, paṇḍitassa evaṃ hoti – ‘akataṃ vata me pāpaṃ, akataṃ luddaṃ, akataṃ kibbisaṃ; kataṃ kalyāṇaṃ, kataṃ kusalaṃ, kataṃ bhīruttāṇaṃ. Yāvatā, bho, akatapāpānaṃ akataluddānaṃ akatakibbisānaṃ katakalyāṇānaṃ katakusalānaṃ katabhīruttāṇānaṃ gati taṃ gatiṃ pecca gacchāmī’ti. So na socati, na kilamati, na paridevati, na urattāḷiṃ kandati, na sammohaṃ āpajjati. Idampi, bhikkhave, paṇḍito tatiyaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sukhaṃ somanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti.
26比丘们，那位智者，在实践了身善行、实践了语善行、实践了意善行之后，于身坏命终之后，便会投生到善趣、天界。比丘们，如果有人想正确地说某个地方是‘绝对想要的、绝对可爱的、绝对合意的’，那他正确地说那就是天界——‘绝对想要的、绝对可爱的、绝对合意的’。比丘们，天界有多快乐，甚至难以用譬喻来形容。
‘‘Sa kho so, bhikkhave, paṇḍito kāyena sucaritaṃ caritvā vācāya sucaritaṃ caritvā manasā sucaritaṃ caritvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Yaṃ kho taṃ, bhikkhave, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘ekantaṃ iṭṭhaṃ ekantaṃ kantaṃ ekantaṃ manāpa’nti, saggameva taṃ sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘ekantaṃ iṭṭhaṃ ekantaṃ kantaṃ ekantaṃ manāpa’nti. Yāvañcidaṃ, bhikkhave, upamāpi na sukarā yāva sukhā saggā’’ti.
256当这么说了以后，有位比丘对世尊这么说：“可是，尊者，能作个譬喻吗？”“比丘，可以的。”世尊说：“比丘，这就像一个作恶的盗贼被抓到后，人们把他带给国王看：‘大王，这个人是作恶的盗贼，请您对他施加您想要的任何惩罚吧。’国王会这样对那些人说：‘去，你们在上午用一百支矛刺这个人。’他们在上午用一百支矛刺他。然后，在中午，国王又问：‘喂，那个人怎么样了？’（他们回答：）‘大王，他还是那样活着。’国王又说：‘去，你们在中午再用一百支矛刺那个人。’他们在中午再用一百支矛刺他。然后，在傍晚，国王又问：‘喂，那个人怎么样了？’（他们回答：）‘大王，他还是那样活着。’国王又说：‘去，你们在傍晚再用一百支矛刺那个人。’他们在傍晚再用一百支矛刺他。比丘们，你们怎么想呢？那个人被三百支矛这样刺着，他会因此而感受到苦和忧吗？”“尊者，哪怕只被一支矛刺中，那个人都会因此感受到苦和忧，更何况是被三百支矛刺中呢？”
Evaṃ vutte, aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sakkā pana, bhante, upamaṃ kātu’’nti? ‘‘Sakkā bhikkhū’’ti bhagavā avoca. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, coraṃ āgucāriṃ gahetvā rañño dasseyyuṃ – ‘ayaṃ kho, deva, coro āgucārī, imassa yaṃ icchasi taṃ daṇḍaṃ paṇehī’ti. Tamenaṃ rājā evaṃ vadeyya – ‘gacchatha, bho, imaṃ purisaṃ pubbaṇhasamayaṃ sattisatena hanathā’ti . Tamenaṃ pubbaṇhasamayaṃ sattisatena haneyyuṃ. Atha rājā majjhanhikasamayaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘ambho, kathaṃ so puriso’ti? ‘‘‘Tatheva, deva, jīvatī’ti. Tamenaṃ rājā evaṃ vadeyya – ‘gacchatha, bho, taṃ purisaṃ majjhanhikasamayaṃ sattisatena hanathā’ti. Tamenaṃ majjhanhikasamayaṃ sattisatena haneyyuṃ. Atha rājā sāyanhasamayaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘ambho, kathaṃ so puriso’ti? ‘Tatheva, deva, jīvatī’ti. Tamenaṃ rājā evaṃ vadeyya – ‘gacchatha, bho, taṃ purisaṃ sāyanhasamayaṃ sattisatena hanathā’ti. Tamenaṃ sāyanhasamayaṃ sattisatena haneyyuṃ. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha , bhikkhave, api nu so puriso tīhi sattisatehi haññamāno tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvediyethā’’ti? ‘‘Ekissāpi, bhante, sattiyā haññamāno so puriso tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvediyetha, ko pana vādo tīhi sattisatehī’’ti?
28‘那时，比丘们，灌顶的刹帝利王左手拿起水罐，用右手向那轮宝洒水说：‘尊者轮宝，请转动吧！尊者轮宝，请征服吧！’于是，比丘们，那个轮宝便向东方转动，转轮王带着他的四军紧随其后。比丘们，在那个轮宝停驻下来的地方，转轮王便带着他的四军安营扎寨。比丘们，那时东方边境的诸王，前来觐见转轮王，他们这样说：‘来吧，大王！欢迎您，大王！这里属于您，大王！请您教导我们吧，大王！’转轮王就这样说：‘不应杀害生命，不应拿取未给与的物品，不应在欲乐上有邪行，不应说虚妄语，不应饮用会导致放逸的谷酒、果酒等迷醉之物，你们就保持你们原有的受用吧。’比丘们，就这样，东方边境的诸王就都成了转轮王的臣属。
‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhāvasitto vāmena hatthena bhiṅkāraṃ gahetvā dakkhiṇena hatthena cakkaratanaṃ abbhukkirati – ‘pavattatu bhavaṃ cakkaratanaṃ, abhivijinātu bhavaṃ cakkaratana’nti. Atha kho taṃ, bhikkhave, cakkaratanaṃ puratthimaṃ disaṃ pavattati. Anvadeva rājā cakkavattī saddhiṃ caturaṅginiyā senāya. Yasmiṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, padese cakkaratanaṃ patiṭṭhāti tattha rājā cakkavattī vāsaṃ upeti saddhiṃ caturaṅginiyā senāya. Ye kho pana, bhikkhave , puratthimāya disāya paṭirājāno te rājānaṃ cakkavattiṃ upasaṅkamitvā evamāhaṃsu – ‘ehi kho, mahārāja! Svāgataṃ te, mahārāja ! Sakaṃ te, mahārāja! Anusāsa, mahārājā’ti . Rājā cakkavattī evamāha – ‘pāṇo na hantabbo, adinnaṃ nādātabbaṃ, kāmesumicchā na caritabbā, musā na bhāsitabbā, majjaṃ na pātabbaṃ, yathābhuttañca bhuñjathā’ti. Ye kho pana, bhikkhave, puratthimāya disāya paṭirājāno te rañño cakkavattissa anuyantā bhavanti .
257‘那时，比丘们，那个轮宝在深入东方的大海再出来后，又转向南方转动……在深入南方的大海再出来后，又转向西方转动……在深入西方的大海再出来后，又转向北方转动，转轮王带着他的四军紧随其后。比丘们，在那个轮宝停驻下来的地方，转轮王便带着他的四军安营扎寨。
‘‘Atha kho taṃ, bhikkhave, cakkaratanaṃ puratthimaṃ samuddaṃ ajjhogāhetvā paccuttaritvā dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pavattati…pe… dakkhiṇaṃ samuddaṃ ajjhogāhetvā paccuttaritvā pacchimaṃ disaṃ pavattati… pacchimaṃ samuddaṃ ajjhogāhetvā paccuttaritvā uttaraṃ disaṃ pavattati anvadeva rājā cakkavattī saddhiṃ caturaṅginiyā senāya. Yasmiṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, padese cakkaratanaṃ patiṭṭhāti tattha rājā cakkavattī vāsaṃ upeti saddhiṃ caturaṅginiyā senāya.
30‘比丘们，那时北方边境的诸王，前来觐见转轮王，他们这样说：‘来吧，大王！欢迎您，大王！这里属于您，大王！请您教导我们吧，大王！’转轮王就这样说：‘不应杀害生命，不应拿取未给与的物品，不应在欲乐上有邪行，不应说虚妄语，不应饮用会导致放逸的谷酒、果酒等迷醉之物；你们就保持你们原有的受用吧。’比丘们，就这样，北方边境的诸王就都成了转轮王的臣属。’
‘‘Ye kho pana, bhikkhave, uttarāya disāya paṭirājāno te rājānaṃ cakkavattiṃ upasaṅkamitvā evamāhaṃsu – ‘ehi kho, mahārāja! Svāgataṃ te, mahārāja! Sakaṃ te, mahārāja! Anusāsa, mahārājā’ti. Rājā cakkavattī evamāha – ‘pāṇo na hantabbo, adinnaṃ nādātabbaṃ, kāmesumicchā na caritabbā, musā na bhāsitabbā, majjaṃ na pātabbaṃ; yathābhuttañca bhuñjathā’ti. Ye kho pana, bhikkhave, uttarāya disāya paṭirājāno te rañño cakkavattissa anuyantā bhavanti.
31再者，诸比丘，那轮宝征服了以大海为边界的整个大地之后，就回到那王城，在转轮王的内宫门口，就好像被固定在轴心上一样停在那里，为转轮王的内宫大门增添光彩。诸比丘，对于一位转轮王，就会显现出像这样的轮宝。
‘‘Atha kho taṃ, bhikkhave, cakkaratanaṃ samuddapariyantaṃ pathaviṃ abhivijinitvā tameva rājadhāniṃ paccāgantvā rañño cakkavattissa antepuradvāre akkhāhataṃ maññe tiṭṭhati rañño cakkavattissa antepuradvāraṃ upasobhayamānaṃ. Rañño, bhikkhave, cakkavattissa evarūpaṃ cakkaratanaṃ pātubhavati.
258再者，诸比丘，对于一位转轮王，象宝就会显现出来——它全身纯白，有七足站立，具有神通，能腾空而行，是一位名叫乌波萨塔的龙象之王。看到它后，转轮王心生欢喜，就会说：‘这真是极好的象乘啊，如果能接受调教的话！’诸比丘，于是那象宝，就像一匹已经被训练得很好的良种象那样，自然而然地就接受了调教。诸比丘，过去有这样一个事实：转轮王为了测试那象宝，在上午骑上它，巡行完以大海为边界的整个大地之后，又回到那王城吃早饭。诸比丘，对于一位转轮王，就会显现出像这样的象宝。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, rañño cakkavattissa hatthiratanaṃ pātubhavati – sabbaseto sattappatiṭṭho iddhimā vehāsaṅgamo uposatho nāma nāgarājā. Taṃ disvāna rañño cakkavattissa cittaṃ pasīdati – ‘bhaddakaṃ vata, bho, hatthiyānaṃ, sace damathaṃ upeyyā’ti. Atha kho taṃ, bhikkhave, hatthiratanaṃ seyyathāpi nāma bhaddo hatthājānīyo dīgharattaṃ suparidanto evameva damathaṃ upeti. Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī tameva hatthiratanaṃ vīmaṃsamāno pubbaṇhasamayaṃ abhiruhitvā samuddapariyantaṃ pathaviṃ anusaṃyāyitvā tameva rājadhāniṃ paccāgantvā pātarāsamakāsi. Rañño, bhikkhave, cakkavattissa evarūpaṃ hatthiratanaṃ pātubhavati.
33再者，诸比丘，对于一位转轮王，马宝就会显现出来——它全身纯白，头是黑色的，鬃毛像文阇草一样，具有神通，能腾空而行，是一位名叫瓦拉哈卡的马王。看到它后，转轮王心生欢喜，就会说：‘这真是极好的马乘啊，如果能接受调教的话！’诸比丘，于是那马宝，就像一匹已经被训练得很好的良种马那样，自然而然地就接受了调教。诸比丘，过去有这样一个事实：转轮王为了测试那马宝，在上午骑上它，巡行完以大海为边界的整个大地之后，又回到那王城吃早饭。诸比丘，对于一位转轮王，就会显现出像这样的马宝。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, rañño cakkavattissa assaratanaṃ pātubhavati – sabbaseto kāḷasīso muñjakeso iddhimā vehāsaṅgamo valāhako nāma assarājā. Taṃ disvāna rañño cakkavattissa cittaṃ pasīdati – ‘bhaddakaṃ vata, bho, assayānaṃ, sace damathaṃ upeyyā’ti. Atha kho taṃ, bhikkhave, assaratanaṃ seyyathāpi nāma bhaddo assājānīyo dīgharattaṃ suparidanto evameva damathaṃ upeti. Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī tameva assaratanaṃ vīmaṃsamāno pubbaṇhasamayaṃ abhiruhitvā samuddapariyantaṃ pathaviṃ anusaṃyāyitvā tameva rājadhāniṃ paccāgantvā pātarāsamakāsi. Rañño, bhikkhave, cakkavattissa evarūpaṃ assaratanaṃ pātubhavati.
34再者，诸比丘，对于一位转轮王，珠宝就会显现出来。这珠宝是琉璃宝，美丽、天生、有八个切面、工艺精湛。诸比丘，那珠宝的光辉能遍照周遭一由旬的范围。诸比丘，过去有这样一个事实：转轮王为了测试那珠宝，集合四部军队，把那宝珠挂在旗杆顶上，在黑漆漆的暗夜里行军。诸比丘，当时周围所有的村落居民，都借着那宝珠的光，以为是‘白天’，而开始工作。诸比丘，对于一位转轮王，就会显现出像这样的珠宝。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, rañño cakkavattissa maṇiratanaṃ pātubhavati. So hoti maṇi veḷuriyo subho jātimā aṭṭhaṃso suparikammakato . Tassa kho pana, bhikkhave, maṇiratanassa ābhā samantā yojanaṃ phuṭā hoti. Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī tameva maṇiratanaṃ vīmaṃsamāno caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ sannayhitvā maṇiṃ dhajaggaṃ āropetvā rattandhakāratimisāya pāyāsi. Ye kho pana, bhikkhave, samantā gāmā ahesuṃ te tenobhāsena kammante payojesuṃ ‘divā’ti maññamānā. Rañño, bhikkhave, cakkavattissa evarūpaṃ maṇiratanaṃ pātubhavati.
35再者，诸比丘，对于一位转轮王，女宝就会显现出来。她容貌美丽、悦目动人、极为端雅，具备最上等的容颜姿色。她不太高也不太矮，不太瘦也不太胖，不太黑也不太白了，已经超越了人类的肤色，但还没达到天神的肤色。诸比丘，那女宝身体的触感，就像是最上等的木棉绒或草棉绒一样。诸比丘，那女宝在天气寒冷时，身体是温暖的；在天气炎热时，身体是凉爽的。诸比丘，那女宝身体散发出檀香的香味，口中呼出青莲花的香气。再者，诸比丘，那女宝总是比转轮王早起、晚睡，听从吩咐，行事令人愉快，言语令人喜爱。诸比丘，那女宝在心意上都不曾对转轮王越轨，更何况是在身体上呢？诸比丘，对于一位转轮王，就会显现出像这样的女宝。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, rañño cakkavattissa itthiratanaṃ pātubhavati. Sā abhirūpā dassanīyā pāsādikā paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgatā nātidīghā nātirassā nātikisā nātithūlā nātikāḷikā nāccodātā, atikkantā mānusaṃ vaṇṇaṃ, appattā dibbaṃ vaṇṇaṃ. Tassa kho pana, bhikkhave, itthiratanassa evarūpo kāyasamphasso hoti seyyathāpi nāma tūlapicuno vā kappāsapicuno vā. Tassa kho pana, bhikkhave, itthiratanassa sīte uṇhāni gattāni honti, uṇhe sītāni gattāni honti. Tassa kho pana, bhikkhave, itthiratanassa kāyato candanagandho vāyati, mukhato uppalagandho vāyati. Taṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, itthiratanaṃ rañño cakkavattissa pubbuṭṭhāyinī hoti pacchānipātinī kiṃkārapaṭissāvinī manāpacārinī piyavādinī. Taṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, itthiratanaṃ rājānaṃ cakkavattiṃ manasāpi no aticarati, kuto pana kāyena? Rañño, bhikkhave, cakkavattissa evarūpaṃ itthiratanaṃ pātubhavati.
36再者，诸比丘，对于一位转轮王，居士宝就会显现出来。他因为业报而获得了天眼通，能看到宝物，不论是有主人的还是没有主人的。他来到转轮王面前，这样禀告说：‘大王，您就安心享乐吧，我会用我的财富为您处理财富方面的事务。’诸比丘，过去有这样一个事实：转轮王为了测试那居士宝，登上船只，驶入恒河的河道中央，然后对居士宝这样说：‘居士，我需要金银。’居士宝回答说：‘那么，大王，请让船靠到某一边的岸边吧。’转轮王说：‘居士，我现在这里就需要金银。’诸比丘，于是，那居士宝把双手伸进水里搅动，然后捞起满满一罐的金银，对转轮王这样说：‘大王，这些够了吗？大王，这样的事做好了吗？大王，这样算是供养您了吗？’转轮王就这样回答：‘居士，这些够了；居士，事情办好了；居士，你供养得很好了。’诸比丘，对于一位转轮王，就会显现出像这样的居士宝。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, rañño cakkavattissa gahapatiratanaṃ pātubhavati. Tassa kammavipākajaṃ dibbacakkhu pātubhavati, yena nidhiṃ passati sassāmikampi assāmikampi. So rājānaṃ cakkavattiṃ upasaṅkamitvā evamāha – ‘appossukko tvaṃ, deva, hohi. Ahaṃ te dhanena dhanakaraṇīyaṃ karissāmī’ti. Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī tameva gahapatiratanaṃ vīmaṃsamāno nāvaṃ abhiruhitvā majjhe gaṅgāya nadiyā sotaṃ ogāhitvā gahapatiratanaṃ etadavoca – ‘attho me, gahapati, hiraññasuvaṇṇenā’ti. ‘Tena hi, mahārāja, ekaṃ tīraṃ nāvā upetū’ti. ‘Idheva me, gahapati, attho hiraññasuvaṇṇenā’ti. Atha kho taṃ, bhikkhave, gahapatiratanaṃ ubhohi hatthehi udake omasitvā pūraṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇassa kumbhiṃ uddharitvā rājānaṃ cakkavattiṃ etadavoca – ‘alamettāvatā, mahārāja! Katamettāvatā, mahārāja! Pūjitamettāvatā, mahārājā’ti. Rājā cakkavattī evamāha – ‘alamettāvatā, gahapati! Katamettāvatā, gahapati! Pūjitamettāvatā, gahapatī’ti . Rañño, bhikkhave, cakkavattissa evarūpaṃ gahapatiratanaṃ pātubhavati.
37“再者，比丘们，转轮王的宰相宝会应运出现——他聪明、能干、有智慧，有能力判断什么事情适合让转轮王从事，什么事情不适合让转轮王从事，什么事情应该搁置。他来到转轮王面前，这样说：‘大王，您就放心吧，由我来治理国家。’比丘们，这样的宰相宝，会为转轮王而出现。比丘们，转轮王便具足了这七种宝。”
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, rañño cakkavattissa pariṇāyakaratanaṃ pātubhavati – paṇḍito byatto medhāvī paṭibalo rājānaṃ cakkavattiṃ upayāpetabbaṃ upayāpetuṃ apayāpetabbaṃ apayāpetuṃ ṭhapetabbaṃ ṭhapetuṃ. So rājānaṃ cakkavattiṃ upasaṅkamitvā evamāha – ‘appossukko tvaṃ , deva, hohi. Ahamanusāsissāmī’ti. Rañño, bhikkhave, cakkavattissa evarūpaṃ pariṇāyakaratanaṃ pātubhavati. Rājā, bhikkhave, cakkavattī imehi sattahi ratanehi samannāgato hoti.
259“是哪四种非凡成就呢？比丘们，在这世上，转轮王容貌端正、好看、庄严，拥有最殊胜的容色，远远超过其他人。比丘们，转轮王具足这第一种非凡成就。”
‘‘Katamāhi catūhi iddhīhi? Idha, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī abhirūpo hoti dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato ativiya aññehi manussehi. Rājā, bhikkhave, cakkavattī imāya paṭhamāya iddhiyā samannāgato hoti.
39“再者，比丘们，转轮王长寿、长久住世，远远超过其他人。比丘们，转轮王具足这第二种非凡成就。”
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī dīghāyuko hoti ciraṭṭhitiko ativiya aññehi manussehi. Rājā, bhikkhave, cakkavattī imāya dutiyāya iddhiyā samannāgato hoti.
40“再者，比丘们，转轮王很少生病、身体无病，拥有平衡的消化力，不过冷也不过热，远远超过其他人。比丘们，转轮王具足这第三种非凡成就。”
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī appābādho hoti appātaṅko samavepākiniyā gahaṇiyā samannāgato nātisītāya nāccuṇhāya ativiya aññehi manussehi. Rājā, bhikkhave, cakkavattī imāya tatiyāya iddhiyā samannāgato hoti.
41“再者，比丘们，转轮王为婆罗门和居士们所喜爱、所倾心。比丘们，就像父亲对子女那样喜爱和倾心，同样的，比丘们，转轮王为婆罗门和居士们所喜爱、所倾心。而且，比丘们，婆罗门和居士们也为转轮王所喜爱、所倾心。比丘们，就像子女对父亲那样喜爱和倾心，同样的，比丘们，婆罗门和居士们也为转轮王所喜爱、所倾心。”
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī brāhmaṇagahapatikānaṃ piyo hoti manāpo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, pitā puttānaṃ piyo hoti manāpo, evameva kho, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī brāhmaṇagahapatikānaṃ piyo hoti manāpo. Raññopi, bhikkhave, cakkavattissa brāhmaṇagahapatikā piyā honti manāpā. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, pitu puttā piyā honti manāpā, evameva kho, bhikkhave, raññopi cakkavattissa brāhmaṇagahapatikā piyā honti manāpā.
42“比丘们，曾经有一次，转轮王率领由四个兵种组成的军队前往园林。那时，比丘们，婆罗门和居士们来到转轮王面前，这样说：‘大王，请您慢慢走，这样我们就能多看您一些时间。’比丘们，转轮王也吩咐车夫说：‘车夫，你慢慢驾车，这样婆罗门和居士们就能多看我一会。’比丘们，转轮王具足这第四种非凡成就。比丘们，转轮王具足了这四种非凡成就。”
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ , bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī caturaṅginiyā senāya uyyānabhūmiṃ niyyāsi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brāhmaṇagahapatikā rājānaṃ cakkavattiṃ upasaṅkamitvā evamāhaṃsu – ‘ataramāno, deva, yāhi yathā taṃ mayaṃ cirataraṃ passeyyāmā’ti. Rājāpi, bhikkhave, cakkavattī sārathiṃ āmantesi – ‘ataramāno , sārathi, pesehi yathā maṃ brāhmaṇagahapatikā cirataraṃ passeyyu’nti. Rājā, bhikkhave, cakkavattī imāya catutthāya iddhiyā samannāgato hoti. Rājā, bhikkhave, cakkavattī imāhi catūhi iddhīhi samannāgato hoti.
43“比丘们，你们怎么看？一位具备这七宝、具有这四种神力的转轮王，是否会因此体验到快乐和喜悦？” “尊者，即使只具备一种宝，转轮王也会因此体验到快乐和喜悦，更何况具备七宝和四种神力呢？”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nu kho rājā cakkavattī imehi sattahi ratanehi samannāgato imāhi catūhi ca iddhīhi tatonidānaṃ sukhaṃ somanassaṃ paṭisaṃvediyethā’’ti? ‘‘Ekamekenapi, bhante, ratanena samannāgato rājā cakkavattī tatonidānaṃ sukhaṃ somanassaṃ paṭisaṃvediyetha, ko pana vādo sattahi ratanehi catūhi ca iddhīhī’’ti?
260这时，世尊拿起一块手掌大小的小石头，对比丘们说：“比丘们，你们怎么看？是我手中这块手掌大小的小石头更大，还是喜马拉雅山王更大？” “尊者，世尊手中这块手掌大小的小石头微不足道。跟喜马拉雅山王相比，根本算不了什么，完全不及它的一分，完全无法相比。” “正是如此，比丘们，那位具备七宝、四种神力的转轮王，因此而体验的快乐和喜悦，跟天界的快乐相比，也算不了什么，完全不及它的一分，完全无法相比。”
Atha kho bhagavā parittaṃ pāṇimattaṃ pāsāṇaṃ gahetvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, katamo nu kho mahantataro – yo cāyaṃ mayā paritto pāṇimatto pāsāṇo gahito yo ca himavā pabbatarājā’’ti? ‘‘Appamattako ayaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā paritto pāṇimatto pāsāṇo gahito; himavantaṃ pabbatarājānaṃ upanidhāya saṅkhampi na upeti; kalabhāgampi na upeti; upanidhampi na upetī’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yaṃ rājā cakkavattī sattahi ratanehi samannāgato catūhi ca iddhīhi tatonidānaṃ sukhaṃ somanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti taṃ dibbassa sukhassa upanidhāya saṅkhampi na upeti; kalabhāgampi na upeti; upanidhampi na upeti’’.
45“比丘们，那位智者，如果在漫长岁月之后的某个时候，终于再次获得人身，他会在高贵的家族中重生——例如大富的刹帝利族、大富的婆罗门族、大富的居士族。这样的家族富有、财产广大、资源众多，拥有大量金银、众多物品、丰富的钱财谷物。他长相端正、令人悦目、庄严，具备最上等的容貌。他得到食物、饮品、衣物、车乘、花环、香料、涂香、床座、住所和灯光的供养。他行身善业，行语善业，行意善业。因为行了身善业、语善业、意善业，在身体坏灭、死亡之后，他投生到善趣、天界。比丘们，这就像一位赌徒，在第一次掷骰中就赢得了大笔财富。比丘们，那赌徒第一次掷骰所赢得的，跟这相比微不足道。而这位智者，因为行了身善业、语善业、意善业，在身体坏灭、死亡之后，投生到善趣、天界，这才是一次远比那更大的‘胜骰’。比丘们，这，就是智者之地的全部圆满。”
‘‘Sa kho so, bhikkhave, paṇḍito sace kadāci karahaci dīghassa addhuno accayena manussattaṃ āgacchati, yāni tāni uccākulāni – khattiyamahāsālakulaṃ vā brāhmaṇamahāsālakulaṃ vā gahapatimahāsālakulaṃ vā tathārūpe kule paccājāyati aḍḍhe mahaddhane mahābhoge pahūtajātarūparajate pahūtavittūpakaraṇe pahūtadhanadhaññe. So ca hoti abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato, lābhī annassa pānassa vatthassa yānassa mālāgandhavilepanassa seyyāvasathapadīpeyyassa. So kāyena sucaritaṃ carati, vācāya sucaritaṃ carati, manasā sucaritaṃ carati. So kāyena sucaritaṃ caritvā, vācāya sucaritaṃ caritvā, manasā sucaritaṃ caritvā, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, akkhadhutto paṭhameneva kaṭaggahena mahantaṃ bhogakkhandhaṃ adhigaccheyya; appamattako so, bhikkhave, kaṭaggaho yaṃ so akkhadhutto paṭhameneva kaṭaggahena mahantaṃ bhogakkhandhaṃ adhigaccheyya. Atha kho ayameva tato mahantataro kaṭaggaho yaṃ so paṇḍito kāyena sucaritaṃ caritvā, vācāya sucaritaṃ caritvā, manasā sucaritaṃ caritvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, kevalā paripūrā paṇḍitabhūmī’’ti.
46这就是世尊所说。那些比丘们内心欢喜，赞叹世尊的开示。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
47愚者智者经完 第九
Bālapaṇḍitasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ navamaṃ.