7. 应学法篇
1七、应学法篇
7. Sekhiyakaṇḍaṃ
2一、圆整品解释
1. Parimaṇḍalavaggavaṇṇanā
576576. 在应学法中,由于在行仪篇集(《小品》第356条等)中所说的行仪规定,因其须受学之故,亦属应学法。因此,此处不像巴拉基咖等那样在巴利原典中划定界限。为显示行仪规范之方式,此处各条均载以“应受学”之语,而非说“若有比丘垂摆着穿下衣,恶作”。然而在词句分析中,既已说“犯恶作”,故应知:凡一切不恭敬之行为,皆犯恶作。
576. Sekhiyesu yasmā vattakkhandhake (cūḷava. 356 ādayo) vuttavattānipi sikkhitabbattā sekhiyāneva, tasmā pārājikādīsu viyettha pāḷiyaṃ paricchedo na kato. Cārittanayadassanatthañca ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu olambento nivāseyya, dukkaṭa’’nti avatvā ‘‘sikkhā karaṇīyā’’ti sabbattha pāḷi āropitā. Padabhājane pana ‘‘āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti vuttattā sabbattha anādariyakaraṇe dukkaṭaṃ veditabbaṃ.
2“八指量”——“量”字所含之义,涵盖稍多于此或稍少于此之情形。正因如此,对于坐着之人,亦说四指量。盖坐者四指、立者八指之规定,实无法严格划定,因为或多或少皆有可能。故应理解为:依八指量为准绳,凡合宜者,皆以圆整穿着下衣为目的。正因如此,后文将说“若有比丘小腿干瘦”等语。《古伦底》中说“不知者无犯”,此乃就恭敬地学习者而言,即使是不知情者亦包含在内。然而即便如此,仍须持续受学穿着下衣与上衣之行仪;未受学者,即是不恭敬。由于摄取“圆整”一词,提起穿着之方式亦被遮止,故说“提起或放下”。
Aṭṭhaṅgulamattanti matta-saddena tato kiñci adhikaṃ, ūnampi saṅgaṇhāti. Teneva nisinnassa caturaṅgulamattampi vuttaṃ. Na hi nisinnassa caturaṅgulappamāṇaṃ, ṭhitassa aṭṭhaṅgulamevāti sakkā niyametuṃ ūnādhikattasambhavato. Tasmā yathā sāruppaṃ hoti evaṃ aṭṭhaṅgulānusārena nivāsanaññeva adhippetanti gahetabbaṃ. Teneva vakkhati ‘‘yo pana bhikkhu sukkhajaṅgho vā’’tiādi. Kurundiyaṃ ‘‘ajānantassa anāpattī’’ti ādaraṃ katvā uggaṇhantassāpi ajānanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tenāpi nirantaraṃ nivāsanapārupanavattaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ, asikkhito anādariyameva. Parimaṇḍalaggahaṇena ukkhipitvā nivāsanampi paṭikkhittanti āha ‘‘ukkhipitvā vā otāretvā vā’’ti.
3“有心”——以了知所缘之心为有心。然而在《沙拉他灯论》中,依伍波帝萨长老之说,取其为世间过失,说“以了知所缘之心及了知施设之心为有心”(《沙拉他灯论·应学法品》第3条第576节)。其中,了知所缘不应单独另说。因为了知所缘已包含于了知施设之内——凡知“此人以此方式违犯此所缘”者,即称为了知施设。而在伍波帝萨长老之说中,此处认为:凡不知施设、仅知不圆整穿着下衣等所缘者,因无违犯施设之不恭敬,故于一切应学法皆无犯——然此说不当。理由在于:《国桑比篇集》(《大品》第451条等)中,关于在厕所留存余水者,即使无了知施设,亦说有犯。彼处确实说道:“尔时,某比丘犯了某罪……其后,彼对该罪生起无罪之见”等(《大品》第451条)。其注疏亦说:“‘你不知此处有罪’——‘是的,我不知’——‘尊者,此处有罪;若确实如此,请忏悔’——‘若尊者是无意、无念而作,则无罪’。彼对该罪生起无罪之见”(《大品注疏》第451条),又说“‘说非法者’,即随顺被举罪者中之某一人”(《大品注疏》第457至458条)。篇集行仪因属应学法,彼处所说之方式与此处所说之方式,对双方而言是共通的。正因如此,此处所说“无意、无念而作,则无犯”之犯罪方式,亦在彼处得到显示。故应依帕沙达长老之说而住:以了知所缘之心,一切应学法皆为有心,而非以了知施设之心。“为求更多、以汤汁遮覆、心怀嫌厌”此二学处为世间过失,属不善心;其余为施设过失,具三种心、三种受——如此摄取,似更为恰当。正因如此,此处“无意”之解释,乃就不知所缘之方式而作——“无意者,谓无‘我将向前或向后垂摆着穿下衣’之意”等——而非就了知施设之心而作。
Sacittakanti vatthuvijānanacittena sacittakaṃ. Sāratthadīpaniyaṃ pana upatissattheravādanayena lokavajjattaṃ gahetvā ‘‘vatthuvijānanacittena, paṇṇattivijānanacittena ca sacittaka’’nti (sārattha. ṭī. sekhiyakaṇḍa 3.576) vuttaṃ. Tattha ca vatthuvijānanaṃ visuṃ na vattabbaṃ. Paṇṇattivijānanena tassāpi antogadhabhāvato idaṃ vatthuṃ evaṃ vītikkamantassa āpattīti vijānanto hi paṇṇattiṃ vijānātīti vuccati. Upatissattheravāde cettha paṇṇattiṃ ajānitvā aparimaṇḍalanivāsanādivatthumeva jānantassa paṇṇattivītikkamānādariyābhāvā sabbasekhiyesu anāpatti eva abhimatā, tañca na yuttaṃ kosambakkhandhake (mahāva. 451 ādayo) vaccakuṭiyaṃ udakāvasesaṃ ṭhapentassa paṇṇattivijānanābhāvepi āpattiyā vuttattā. Vuttañhi tattha ‘‘tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu āpattiṃ āpanno hoti …pe… so aparena samayena tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhi hotī’’tiādi (mahāva. 451). Aṭṭhakathāyañcassa ‘‘tvaṃ ettha āpattibhāvaṃ na jānāsīti, āma na jānāmīti. Hotu āvuso, ettha āpattīti, sace hoti, desessāmīti. Sace pana te, āvuso, asañcicca asatiyā kataṃ, natthi āpattīti. So tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhi ahosī’’ti (mahāva. aṭṭha. 451) vuttaṃ, tathā ‘‘adhammavādīti ukkhittānuvattakesu aññataro’’ti (mahāva. aṭṭha. 457-458) ca vuttaṃ. Khandhakavattānañhi sekhiyattā tattha vutto nayo imesaṃ, idha vutto ca tesaṃ sādhāraṇova hotīti. Teneva ‘‘asañcicca asatiyā kataṃ, natthi āpattī’’ti evaṃ idha vutto āpattinayo tatthāpi dassito. Tasmā phussadevattheravāde eva ṭhatvā vatthuvijānanacitteneva sabbasekhiyāni sacittakāni, na paṇṇattivijānanacittena. Bhiyyokamyatāyasūpabyañjanapaṭicchādanaujjhānasaññīti dve sikkhāpadāni lokavajjāni akusalacittāni, sesāni paṇṇattivajjāni, ticittāni, tivedanāni cāti gahaṇameva yuttataraṃ dissati. Tenevettha ‘‘asañciccāti purato vā pacchato vā olambetvā nivāsessāmīti evaṃ asañciccā’’tiādinā vatthuajānanavaseneva anāpattivaṇṇanā katā, na paṇṇattivijānanacittavasena.
4再者,“凡在有心一方,心唯为不善者,即为世间过失”(《疑惑度脱注疏·第一巴拉基咖释》)——依此相之说,此义亦得成立。此处“在有心一方”,正是就了知所缘之心而说。若非如此,则依了知施设之心,一切学处在有心一方之心皆必为不善,由此将导致一切皆成世间过失,而无施设过失可言;且此说将成无义,因为无任何学处须由此说来遮止。况且,在应学法中,以了知所缘之心,在有心一方之心,并非如杀生等那样必定为不善——由此不应导致世间过失。“因不恭敬”——此巴利语句,乃就知晓所缘、以三种心违犯即为不恭敬而说,不应理解为知晓施设、唯以不善心违犯。否则,篇集巴利原典与注疏前后将相互矛盾——此为我等之见解。应探寻此处之意趣,使其不相矛盾。此处有三个要素:不恭敬、无无犯之因、不圆整穿着下衣。一切处皆如此。唯一差别在于:各处依所说之对立面,而有第三要素之配合方式不同。
Apica ‘‘yassa sacittakapakkhe cittaṃ akusalameva hoti, taṃ lokavajja’’nti (kaṅkhā. aṭṭha. paṭhamapārājikavaṇṇanā) iminā lakkhaṇavacanenāpi cetaṃ sijjhati. Vatthuvijānanacittavaseneva hettha ‘‘sacittakapakkhe’’ti vuttaṃ. Itarathā paṇṇattivijānanacittavasena sabbasikkhāpadānampi sacittakapakkhe cittassa akusalattaniyamena lokavajjattappasaṅgato paṇṇattivajjameva na siyā, idañca vacanaṃ niratthakaṃ siyā iminā vacanena nivattetabbassa sikkhāpadassa abhāvā. Na ca sekhiyesu vatthuvijānanacittena sacittakapakkhe cittaṃ pāṇātipātādīsu viya akusalamevāti niyamo atthi, yenettha lokavajjatā pasajjeyya, ‘‘anādariyaṃ paṭiccā’’ti cetaṃ pāḷivacanaṃ vatthuṃ jānitvā tīhi cittehi vītikkamameva anādariyaṃ katvā vuttaṃ, na paṇṇattiṃ jānitvā akusalacitteneva vītikkamanti gahetabbaṃ. Aññathā khandhakapāḷiyā, aṭṭhakathāyañca pubbāparañca virujjhanatoti amhākaṃ khanti. Yathā vā na virujjhati, tathā ettha adhippāyo gavesitabbo. Anādariyaṃ, anāpattikāraṇābhāvo , aparimaṇḍalanivāsananti imānettha tīṇi aṅgāni. Yathā cettha, evaṃ sabbattha. Kevalaṃ tattha tattha vuttapaṭipakkhakaraṇavasena tatiyaṅgayojanameva viseso.
577577. 第二条等中,“穿着在家人之衣”——指穿着白布等。“即使在精舍中”——此乃就僧团集会、礼敬佛陀等时机而说。
577. Dutiyādīsu gihipārutanti setapaṭapārutādi. Vihārepīti saṅghasannipātabuddhupaṭṭhānādikālaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.
578「系好纽扣」等,是显示覆盖方式。由于「覆盖颈部」等语,故意不覆盖颈部与手腕者,犯。此处也因与圆整学处共通,故应从膝盖以下放下四指量,不使其垂摆,圆整地披着。
578.Gaṇṭhikaṃ paṭimuñcitvātiādi paṭicchādanavidhidassanaṃ. Gīvaṃ paṭicchādetvātiādinā vuttattā sañcicca gīvaṃ, maṇibandhanañca appaṭicchādentassa āpatti. Etthāpi parimaṇḍalasikkhāpadassa sādhāraṇattā jāṇumaṇḍalato heṭṭhā caturaṅgulamattaṃ otāretvā anolambetvā parimaṇḍalameva pārupitabbaṃ.
579「披衣而坐」者,是就如寺院中偏袒一肩而说。因说「为住而前往者」,故除为住之目的外,为说法、诵护卫经等目的,即使久坐,亦应圆满一切在俗家中的行仪而坐。又因在与坐相关的学处中说「为住而前往者无犯」,故为住而前往俗家者,亦应不破坏善覆盖等一切而行。因说「为住而前往者」,非说「正前往者」。然有人说「各人初次前往,取得住处后,其他人可随意前往」。又有人说「屋主说『只要你们住,就把此屋给你们』而给予后,其他非为住目的者可如在林园中随意前往、坐」,此一切不应采纳,因无如是说,无布施相,且仅以此不达寺院之数故。即使说「只要你们坐,就把此屋给你们」而给予,亦仅给予暂时,因布施以舍弃物品为相。
579.Vivaritvā nisīdatoti vihāre viya ekaṃsapārupanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. ‘‘Vāsatthāya upagatassā’’ti vuttattā vāsādhippāyaṃ vinā dhammadesanaparittabhaṇanādiatthāya sucirampi nisīdantena sabbaṃ antaragharavattaṃ pūrenteneva nisīditabbaṃ. Nisīdanapaṭisaṃyuttesu eva ca sikkhāpadesu ‘‘vāsūpagatassā’’ti anāpattiyā vuttattā vāsatthāya antaragharaṃ upagacchantenāpi suppaṭicchannatādisabbaṃ akopenteneva gantabbaṃ. ‘‘Vāsūpagatassā’’ti hi vuttaṃ, na pana upagacchamānassāti. Keci pana ‘‘ekekasmiṃ paṭhamaṃ gantvā vāsapariggahe kate tato aññehi yathāsukhaṃ gantuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vadanti. Apare pana ‘‘gehassāmikehi ‘yāva tumhe nivasissatha, tāva tumhākaṃ imaṃ gehaṃ demī’ti dinne aññehi avāsādhippāyehi antarārāme viya yathāsukhaṃ gantuṃ, nisīdituñca vaṭṭatī’’ti vadanti, taṃ sabbaṃ na gahetabbaṃ tathāvacanābhāvā, dānalakkhaṇābhāvā, tāvattakena vihārasaṅkhyānupagamanato ca. ‘‘Yāva nisīdissatha, tāva tumhākaṃ imaṃ gehaṃ demī’’ti dentopi hi tāvakālikameva deti vatthupariccāgalakkhaṇattā dānassa.
582「四手肘量」者,有人说这是就木匠手肘而说的。
582.Catuhatthappamāṇanti vaḍḍhakīhatthaṃ sandhāya vuttanti vadanti.
584「举衣而成」者,此依从腰以上显现身体束带等之举起而说,因行乞食时仅取钵等被允许。因此说「然坐时抖衣」等。坐时从肩上挂着的钵袋等中取出抖衣时,腰以上亦显现,意为应不如是显现而取出。坐于座时,亦应稍举起所披之衣,不以僧伽帝覆盖小腿而坐。然于此学处中因说「为住而前往者」,在与坐相关的第六、第八学处中未说,故为住而前往者亦应善护、垂目而坐。因此在母论注释中亦未说彼等之差别,唯于此说「然为住而前往者无犯」。
584.Ukkhittacīvarohutvāti kaṭito uddhaṃ kāyabandhanādidassanavasenevukkhipanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ piṇḍāya carato pattaggahaṇādimattassa anuññātattā. Teneva ‘‘nisinnakāle pana dhamakaraṇa’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Nisinnakāle hi khandhe laggapattatthavikādito dhamakaraṇaṃ nīharantassa kaṭito uddhampi dissati, tathā adassetvā nīharitabbanti adhippāyo. Āsane nisīdantassāpi ca pārupitacīvaraṃ kiñci ukkhipitvā saṅghāṭiṃ jaṅghapiṇḍehi anukkhipitvāva nisīditabbaṃ. Imasmiññeva pana sikkhāpade ‘‘vāsūpagatassā’’ti vuttattā nisīdanapaṭisaṃyuttesu chaṭṭhaaṭṭhamesu avuttattā vāsūpagatenāpi susaṃvutena okkhittacakkhunāva nisīditabbaṃ. Teneva mātikāṭṭhakathāyampi tesaṃ visesaṃ avatvā idheva ‘‘vāsūpagatassa pana anāpattī’’ti (kaṅkhā. aṭṭha. ukkhittakasikkhāpadavaṇṇanā) vuttā.
12圆整品解释终了。
Parimaṇḍalavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
13二、大笑品解释
2. Ujjagghikavaggavaṇṇanā
586第二品等之大笑、高声等与坐相关者,未说为住而前往者无犯,唯于摇身等说。然在巴利典籍中,此因某些以略说而混淆,不甚明了。凡在俗家中说法或诵巴帝摩卡时,以大声乃至令会众听闻,亦应见为无犯,因阿难长老、摩哂陀长老等如是行故。
586. Dutiyavaggādiujjagghikaappasaddesu nisīdanapaṭisaṃyuttesupi vāsūpagatassa anāpatti na vuttā, kāyappacālakādīsu eva pana vuttā. Pāḷipotthakesu panetaṃ kesuci peyyālena byāmohitattā na suṭṭhu viññāyati. Yattha ca antaraghare dhammaṃ vā desentassa, pātimokkhaṃ vā uddisantassa mahāsaddena yāvaparisasāvanepi anāpatti evāti daṭṭhabbaṃ tathā ānandattheramahindattherādīhi ācaritattā.
15大笑品解释终了。
Ujjagghikavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
16三、叉腰品解释
3. Khambhakatavaggavaṇṇanā
603「对钵有想」者,为显示「他有对钵的取想」此义而说「对钵作想」。
603. Patte gahaṇasaññā assa atthīti pattasaññīti imamatthaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘patte saññaṃ katvā’’ti vuttaṃ.
604「奥罗尼」者,一种副食变化物。有人说是酸粥、酸豆等汁。「肉汁等」者,以「等」字摄取其余一切副食变化物。
604.Oloṇīti ekā byañjanavikati. Kañjikatakkādirasoti keci. Maṃsarasādīnīti ādi-saddena avasesā sabbāpi byañjanavikati saṅgahitā.
605「平满」者,谓整理成平满。从下漏下者,因周围有空隙,用手弄平时会从下漏下。置于钵顶上的饼,因以环状形态放置,故称「饼环」。然有人说「取钵后,将堆起的团食整理后,接受所施时犯;然钵已在手中时,接受所施,即使堆起亦可取」,此不应采纳,因以「平满」之抽象中性词而一般说故。
605.Samabharitanti racitaṃ. Heṭṭhā orohatīti samantā okāsasambhavato hatthena samaṃ kariyamānaṃ heṭṭhā bhassati. Pattamatthake ṭhapitāni pūvāni eva vaṭaṃsakākārena ṭhapitattā ‘‘pūvavaṭaṃsaka’’nti vuttāni. Keci pana ‘‘pattaṃ gahetvā thūpīkataṃ piṇḍapātaṃ racitvā diyyamānameva gaṇhato āpatti, hatthagate eva pana patte diyyamāne thūpīkatampi gahetuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vadanti, taṃ na gahetabbameva ‘‘samatittika’’nti bhāvanapuṃsakavasena sāmaññato vuttattā.
20叉腰品解释终了
Khambhakatavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
21四、恭敬品解释
4. Sakkaccavaggavaṇṇanā
608第四品等中,「次第」者,此处「施」谓分割,「离施」即无分割,「与无分割共」即次第,谓无分割、按顺序。因此说「不于处处设限」等。
608. Catutthavaggādīsu sapadānanti ettha dānaṃ vuccati avakhaṇḍanaṃ, apetaṃ dānato apadānaṃ, saha apadānena sapadānaṃ, avakhaṇḍanavirahitaṃ anupaṭipāṭiyāti vuttaṃ hoti. Tenāha ‘‘tattha tattha odhiṃ akatvā’’tiādi.
611「关于乞求」者,指关于羹饭乞求学处而说。「无需说」者,以此显示一切依巴利文即了知。其中,巴利文中「非故意」等,指仅知事相而食,犯者;后又知制戒,欲舍弃入口之物,彼因不悦而入口者,名为「非故意入口」,于此无犯。彼又因心不在焉,或不知此为乞求而食,称为「失念」。
611.Viññattiyanti sūpodanaviññattisikkhāpadaṃ sandhāya vadati. ‘‘Vattabbaṃ natthī’’ti iminā pāḷiyāva sabbaṃ viññāyatīti dasseti. Tattha pāḷiyaṃ asañciccātiādīsu vatthumattaṃ ñatvā bhuñjanena āpattiṃ āpajjantasseva puna paṇṇattiṃ ñatvā mukhagataṃ chaḍḍetukāmassa yaṃ aruciyā paviṭṭhaṃ, taṃ asañcicca paviṭṭhaṃ nāma, tattha anāpatti. Tadeva puna aññavihitatāya vā aviññattamidantisaññāya vā bhuñjane ‘‘asatiyā’’ti vuccati.
613「为他人故」者,此因该学处仅就为自己乞求后自食而制,故依此学处说无犯。然为五同法者故,于非亲里、未邀请处乞求者,于乞求时,不免依注释中随顺经说之未作乞求突吉罗。故意食时,自己与他人不免邪命,应如是持。
613.‘‘Aññassatthāyā’’ti idamassa sikkhāpadassa attano atthāya viññāpetvā sayaṃ bhuñjane eva paññattattā iminā sikkhāpadena anāpattiṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Pañcasahadhammikānaṃ pana atthāya aññātakaappavāritaṭṭhāne viññāpento viññattikkhaṇe aṭṭhakathāsu suttānulomato vuttaakataviññattidukkaṭato na muccati. Sañcicca bhuñjanakkhaṇe sayañca aññe ca micchājīvato na muccantīti gahetabbaṃ.
615“鸡卵太小”这句话,是就不得体而言的,应理解为:只有过于大的(食团)才构成犯戒。然而,进食者若因畏惧盗贼等缘故,即使食团很大,也可做成不圆整的形状并快速进食,在此情况下属于开许。其他类似情形,也应依理类推。
615.‘‘Kukkuṭaṇḍaṃ atikhuddaka’’nti idaṃ asāruppavasena vuttaṃ, atimahante eva āpattīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Bhuñjantena pana corādibhayaṃ paṭicca mahantampi aparimaṇḍalampi katvā sīghaṃ bhuñjanavasenettha āpadā. Evamaññesupi yathānurūpaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.
26恭敬品解释终了
Sakkaccavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
27五、食团品解释
5. Kabaḷavaggavaṇṇanā
617然而,在食物未被送到、张口等待时,由于没有(将食物送入口中的)作用,所以未说“属于开许”。其他类似情形也是如此。
617. Anāhaṭe kabaḷe mukhadvāravivaraṇe pana payojanābhāvā ‘‘āpadāsū’’ti na vuttaṃ. Evamaññesupi īdisesu.
618“整只手”是指手的一部分,即手指,如同“手印”等词(以部分指代整体)的用法。因此,即使将一根手指放入口中也不允许。
618.Sabbaṃ hatthanti hatthekadesā aṅguliyo vuttā ‘‘hatthamuddā’’tiādīsu viya, tasmā ekaṅgulimpi mukhe pakkhipituṃ na vaṭṭati.
30食团品解释终了
Kabaḷavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
31六、窸窣品注释
6. Surusuruvaggavaṇṇanā
627在巴利圣典中,“sītīkata”意为受寒冷所苦。“silakabuddho”是讥讽语,因为有些人看到任何小石子,就称“这是佛”。
627. Pāḷiyaṃ sītīkatoti sītapīḷito. Silakabuddhoti parihāsavacanametaṃ. Silakañhi kiñci disvā ‘‘buddho aya’’nti voharanti.
628“允许将手指放入口中进食”这句话,通过允许舔舐伸入(口中)的手指,显示了即使是将整只手放入口中的学处,以及本学处,在此情况下都不犯戒。同样的道理,也类推适用于:在稠粥等情况下,允许用手舔净钵,以及用舌舔净嘴唇。因此,之所以如此,是因为在没有稠粥等(食物沾附)的情况下,不允许舔舐。
628.‘‘Aṅguliyo mukhe pavesetvā bhuñjituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti iminā sabbaṃ hatthaṃ antomukhe pakkhipanasikkhāpadassapi paviṭṭhaṅgulinillehanena imassapi sikkhāpadassa anāpattiṃ dasseti. Eseva nayoti ghanayāguādīsu pattaṃ hatthena, oṭṭhañca jivhāya nillehituṃ vaṭṭatīti atidisati. Tasmāti yasmā ghanayāguādivirahitaṃ nillehituṃ na vaṭṭati.
634“vilīvacchatta”是指用竹篾制成的伞。“maṇḍalabaddhāni”是指在长骨架上横置环状骨架,用线绑扎而成;或者将长骨和横骨都笔直放置,牢固绑扎;又或者将横骨放置后,只用长柄使其可收拢,并用线横向绑扎。“tatthajātakadaṇḍakena kataṃ”是指用连同叶柄一起割下的棕榈叶等制成。“chattapādukā”是指这样一种伞座:将伞柄末端插入其中,把伞竖直安放,人们坐在或站在下方的阴影里。
634.Vilīvacchattanti veṇupesikāhi kataṃ. Maṇḍalabaddhānīti dīghasalākāsu tiriyaṃ valayākārena salākaṃ ṭhapetvā suttehi baddhāni dīghañca tiriyañca ujukameva salākāyo ṭhapetvā daḷhabaddhāni ceva tiriyaṃ ṭhapetvā dīghadaṇḍakeheva saṅkocārahaṃ katvā sutteheva tiriyaṃ baddhāni. Tatthajātakadaṇḍakena katanti saha daṇḍakena chinnatālapaṇṇādīhi kataṃ. Chattapādukāyāti yasmiṃ chattadaṇḍakoṭiṃ pavesetvā chattaṃ ujukaṃ ṭhapetvā heṭṭhā chāyāya nisīdanti, tiṭṭhanti vā, tādise chattādhāre.
637“cāpa”是指中间弯曲、类似扁担的弓形物。“kodaṇḍa”是指带有穿孔杆的弓形物。
637.Cāpoti majjhe vaṅkakājadaṇḍasadisā dhanuvikati. Kodaṇḍoti viddhadaṇḍā dhanuvikati.
36窸窣品注释终了。
Surusuruvaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
37七、鞋履品注释
7. Pādukavaggavaṇṇanā
647647. 第七品中,“从树上落下”,是指抓住一根悬垂的树枝后坠落。“根据圣典”,是指根据阐明自己行持的典籍。“呸,活该”,意为“呸,活该”,即“应受谴责”。“作为堕落之因”,即作为导致堕落的原因。“你”,在此是宾格意义上用了主格词形;或者也可读作“他”。“石头”,即岩石。
647. Sattamavagge rukkhato patitoti ekaṃ olambanasākhaṃ gahetvā patito. Pāḷiyāti attano ācārappakāsakaganthassa. Dhīratthūti dhī atthu, nindā hotūti attho. Vinipātanahetunāti vinipātanassa hetubhāvena. Tvanti upayogatthe paccattavacanaṃ, taṃ icceva vā pāṭho. Asmāti pāsāṇo.
649“不应说”,是因为长老询问了自己有疑惑之处。为了了解年轻比丘对义理的善巧,以提问的方式,向坐在高座上的老师请教,是允许的。
649.Na kathetabbanti therena attano kaṅkhāṭṭhānassa pucchitattā vuttaṃ. Daharassa atthakosallaṃ ñātuṃ pucchitena uccāsane nisinnassa ācariyassa anuyogadānanayena vattuṃ vaṭṭati.
652在此,唾液也包括鼻涕。应知:在此情况下,允许含一口水,将甘蔗渣等用嘴取出,丢弃在水中。其余各处,意义都很清楚。
652.Kheḷena cettha siṅghāṇikāpi saṅgahitāti ettha udakagaṇḍusakaṃ katvā ucchukacavarādiñca mukheneva harituṃ udakesu chaḍḍetuṃ vaṭṭatīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānameva.
41鞋履品注释终了。
Pādukavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
42应学法注释方法终了。
Sekhiyavaṇṇanānayo niṭṭhito.
655655. 在灭诤法中,此处也没有需要说明的。
655. Adhikaraṇasamathesu ca idha vattabbaṃ natthi.
44如是,于《普悦律注》的《除疑疏》中,
Iti samantapāsādikāya vinayaṭṭhakathāya vimativinodaniyaṃ
45比丘分别注释方法终了。
Bhikkhuvibhaṅgavaṇṇanānayo niṭṭhito.
46礼敬彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa