争论事分别
争论事的分类
Adhikaraṇabhedaṃ
1重提已决争论事之种类等论的注释
Ukkoṭanabhedādikathāvaṇṇanā
341『足矣,朋友』——以令自方对立者理解之:为了钵、衣等所需物品,以「足矣,无需争论」之语,仅通过指出争论论等过失,令双方相互谅解而平息,而非通过相互指出犯戒与不犯戒来平息——此为其意趣。因此说「仅依离文解义之判决」。
341.‘‘Alaṃāvuso’’ti attapaccatthike saññāpetvāti pattacīvarādiatthāya alaṃ bhaṇḍanādikaraṇanti vivādādīsu dosadassanamattena saññāpetvā aññamaññaṃ khamāpetvā vūpasamenti, na pana aññamaññaṃ āpattānāpattidassanavasenāti adhippāyo. Tenāha ‘‘pāḷimuttakavinicchayenevā’’ti.
2依止身业等不正之事的比丘,名为「依止不正者」;依止邪见者,名为「依止险难者」;依止强势之人者,名为「依止强势者」——为显示此义,故说「一者依止不正」等。
Visamāni kāyakammādīni nissito bhikkhu visamanissito nāma, micchādiṭṭhinissito gahananissito, balavante purise nissito balavanissito nāmāti dassento ‘‘eko visamānī’’tiādimāha.
4重提已决争论事之种类等论的注释完毕。
Ukkoṭanabhedādikathāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
5争论事之因缘等的注释
Adhikaraṇanidānādivaṇṇanā
342『依止罪而生起之罪』——此就他人及自己覆藏罪行、隐匿过失者而言,专指巴拉基咖等罪,而非一切罪。『依止羯磨事而生起之羯磨事』——此就依止举罪甘马等而生起之事而言,指随顺彼甘马的比丘尼乃至第三次宣告之间所应行之诸事,而非一切羯磨事。
342.Āpattiṃ nissāya uppajjanakaāpattivasenāti paresaṃ, attano ca āpattiṃ paṭicchādentānaṃ vajjapaṭicchādīnaṃ pārājikādiāpattimeva sandhāya vuttaṃ, na sabbāpattiyo. Kiccaṃ nissāya uppajjanakakiccānanti ukkhepanīyādikammaṃ nissāya uppajjanakānaṃ tadanuvattikāya bhikkhuniyā yāvatatiyānussāvanānaṃ kiccānaṃ vasena, na sabbesaṃ kiccānaṃ vasenāti.
344在原典中,对「依几种争论事」之问,答以「依一种争论事,即事务争论事」;对「在几处」之问,答以「在三处:僧团中间、众中间、个人跟前」;对「依几种止争论法」之问,答以「依三种止争论法」。应知:以上三问,所问与所答皆为同一种平息方式。
344. Pāḷiyaṃ ‘‘katihi adhikaraṇehī’’ti pucchāya ‘‘ekena adhikaraṇena kiccādhikaraṇenā’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Katisu ṭhānesū’’ti pucchāya ‘‘tīsu ṭhānesu saṅghamajjhe, gaṇamajjhe, puggalassa santike’’ti vuttaṃ. ‘‘Katihi samathehī’’ti pucchāya ‘‘tīhi samathehī’’ti vuttaṃ. Tīhipi etehi eko vūpasamanappakārova pucchito, vissajjito cāti veditabbo.
348在「争论论争论事即是非难争论事」等段落中,对「争论论争论事是否也是非难争论事等」之问,答以:争论论争论事仅是争论论争论事,而非非难争论事等——此为解答。
348.Vivādādhikaraṇaṃhoti anuvādādhikaraṇantiādīsu vivādādhikaraṇameva anuvādādhikaraṇādipi hotīti pucchāya vivādādhikaraṇaṃ vivādādhikaraṇameva hoti, anuvādādayo na hotīti vissajjanaṃ.
9争论事之因缘等的注释完毕。
Adhikaraṇanidānādivaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
10七种止争论的不同意义等的注释
Sattasamathanānātthādivaṇṇanā
354在原典争论事问答中,『因相互乖异而有的言说』——指因产生不良果报而相互引发苦恼的身业与口业言说。『争吵』——指已发展壮大的争端。
354. Adhikaraṇapucchāvissajjane pāḷiyaṃ vipaccayatāya vohāroti virūpavipākāya aññamaññaṃ dukkhuppādanāya kāyavacīvohāro. Medhaganti vuddhippatto kalaho.
7「随顺倾向性」者,因过失举罪而一再相续地倾向。
Anusampavaṅkatāti vipatticodanāya anu anu saṃyujjanavasena ninnatā.
8「压倒性」者,极其生起的压倒性。「给予支持」者,对举罪者们也给予支撑。「因业不摄故」者,因仅有僧团现前等的现前调伏,在僧团等应作之事中不被摄取故。
Abbhussahanatāti ativiya sañjātussāhatā. Anubalappadānanti codakānampi upatthambhakaraṇaṃ. Kammasaṅgahābhāvenāti saṅghasammukhatādimattassa sammukhāvinayassa saṅghādīhi kattabbakiccesu saṅgahābhāvā.
14七种止争论、异义等的解释已经完成。
Sattasamathanānātthādivaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
15争论事分类的解释方法已经完成。
Adhikaraṇabhedavaṇṇanānayo niṭṭhito.
9第二偈颂之解释
Dutiyagāthāsaṅgaṇikaṃ
17举罪等问答的解释。
Codanādipucchāvissajjanāvaṇṇanā
359第二偈颂之解释中,「举罪为何义」等问,由优波离长老所问。「举罪为忆念义」等回答,由世尊所说。也有说优波离长老自己问后自己作答。
359. Dutiyagāthāsaṅgaṇikāya ‘‘codanā kimatthāyā’’tiādikā pucchā upālittherena katā. ‘‘Codanā sāraṇatthāyā’’tiādivissajjanaṃ bhagavatā vuttaṃ. Upālitthero sayameva pucchitvā vissajjanaṃ akāsītipi vadanti.
11「意趣之把握」者,把握彼等之审察,即经师长老们与持律长老们之意趣把握之义。「为各别判决之完成」者,知彼等各自之意趣后,也把握由彼等所引生之理趣,为判决之终结之义。
Mantaggahaṇanti tesaṃ vicāraṇāgahaṇaṃ, suttantikattherānaṃ, vinayadharattherānañca adhippāyagahaṇanti attho. Pāṭekkaṃ vinicchayasanniṭṭhāpanatthanti tesaṃ paccekaṃ adhippāyaṃ ñatvā tehi samuṭṭhāpitanayampi gahetvā vinicchayapariyosāpanatthanti adhippāyo.
12以「莫急速说」等,如同对面前站立之某审察者教诫一般,长老说示了审察者之行仪。
‘‘Mā kho turito abhaṇī’’tiādinā abhimukhe ṭhitaṃ kañci anuvijjakaṃ ovadantena viya therena anuvijjakavattaṃ kathitaṃ.
13「追问行仪」者,即追问之次第程序。由于此程序在一切学处违犯事项中,亦须依循各该学处之规定而行,故称「随顺学处」。「毁损自身之趣向」者,即毁灭自身往善趣之道路。
Anuyuñjanavattanti anuyujjanakkamaṃ, taṃ pana yasmā sabbasikkhāpadavītikkamavisayepi taṃtaṃsikkhāpadānulomena kattabbaṃ, tasmā ‘‘sikkhāpadānulomika’’nti vuttaṃ. Attano gatiṃ nāsetīti attano sugatigamanaṃ vināseti.
14「随顺」一词为表示状态之词根,故注文说:「『随顺』者,即言说之随顺」。「以行仪随顺」一语,亦依同一方式理解。「以行仪随顺」者,即以行仪为随顺,意谓与行仪相符合之承诺。故注文说「彼以行仪……」等语。
Anusandhita-saddo bhāvasādhanoti āha ‘‘anusandhitanti kathānusandhī’’ti. Vattānusandhitenāti etthāpi eseva nayo. Vattānusandhitenāti ācārānusandhinā, ācārena saddhiṃ samentiyā paṭiññāyāti attho. Tenāha ‘‘yā assa vattenā’’tiādi.
15原典中「故意犯戒」等语,就无惭者与有惭者之相状而言,是依比丘与比丘尼而说,因为学处之管辖范围完全属于彼等。然而就沙玛内拉等亦共通之情形而言,故意违犯各自学处等事,亦应依无惭者与有惭者之相状加以了知。
Pāḷiyaṃ sañcicca āpattintiādi alajjilajjilakkhaṇaṃ bhikkhubhikkhunīnaṃ vasena vuttaṃ tesaññeva sabbappakārato sikkhāpadādhikārattā. Sāmaṇerādīnampi sādhāraṇavasena pana sañcicca yathāsakaṃ sikkhāpadavītikkamanādikaṃ alajjilajjilakkhaṇaṃ veditabbaṃ.
16「不知言说随顺」者,意谓不知与被举发者及审查者之言说相随顺之语,当彼等就某一事由发言时,自己未加审察,仅说出自己所好乐之语,与所论之义毫无关联。「亦不知裁决随顺之语」者,意谓不知与审查者所作之犯戒与否裁决相应、相互关联之语。
Kathānusandhivacananti cuditakaanuvijjakānaṃ kathāya anusandhiyuttaṃ vacanaṃ na jānāti, tehi ekasmiṃ kāraṇe vutte sayaṃ taṃ asallakkhetvā attano abhirucitameva asambandhitatthanti attho. Vinicchayānusandhivacanañcāti anuvijjakena katassa āpattānāpattivinicchayassa anuguṇaṃ, sambandhavacanañca.
25举罪等问答的解释已经完成。
Codanādipucchāvissajjanāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.