1. 羯磨篇集复注
1一、业蕴篇
1. Kammakkhandhakaṃ
2呵责业论之注释
Tajjanīyakammakathāvaṇṇanā
1一、在《小品》的第一业蕴篇中,首先,如同“把棍子插进去”、“把矛插进去”等,依伴随关系之方式;或如“床铺发出喧哗声”等,依所依处而用所依之名称,以“般度罗希达迦”之声称说依止于般度罗希达迦者,故说“他们的依止者也同样被称为般度罗希达迦”。“应回答”意为给予答复。
1. Cūḷavaggassa paṭhame kammakkhandhake tāva ‘‘yaṭṭhiṃ pavesaya, kunte pavesayā’’tiādīsu viya sahacaraṇañāyena ‘‘mañcā ukkuṭṭhiṃ karontī’’tiādīsu viya nissitesu nissayavohāravasena vā paṇḍukalohitakanissitā paṇḍukalohitakasaddena vuttāti āha ‘‘tesaṃ nissitakāpi paṇḍukalohitakātveva paññāyantī’’ti. Paṭivadathāti paṭivacanaṃ detha.
4非法业十二种论之注释
Adhammakammadvādasakakathāvaṇṇanā
4四、“具足三支”者,是指各别或合起来具足三支。因为并非仅由三支的集合才成为非法业,仅由一支也可成为。在《结文》中说:“‘未经承认而作’是就惭愧者而言的。”
4.Tīhiaṅgehi samannāgatanti paccekaṃ samuditehi vā tīhi aṅgehi samannāgataṃ. Na hi tiṇṇaṃ eva aṅgānaṃ samodhānena adhammakammaṃ hoti, ekenapi hotiyeva. ‘‘Appaṭiññāya kataṃ hotīti lajjiṃ sandhāya vutta’’nti gaṇṭhipadesu kathitaṃ.
3难道“因不可说示的罪而作”与此后所说的“诸比丘,僧团若愿意,可对具足三支的比丘作呵责业:于增上戒上戒有缺失”相矛盾吗?因为犯不可说示之罪者被称为“于增上戒上戒有缺失”故?对此,有些人说:“在注释书中说‘呵责业的特别支分是制造纷争’,这与经文中出现的因缘相符,因此在一切场合,都应归咎于纷争,依因纷争而犯的罪来作此业。所以,在‘于增上戒上戒有缺失’这里,也应在事前或事后、举罪或令忆念等时,唯依因纷争而犯的罪来作,并非唯依僧残罪而作。”另一些人则说:“‘因不可说示的罪’是唯就波罗夷罪而言,非就僧残罪。然而注释书中说‘因不可说示的罪,即因波罗夷罪或僧残罪’。其中,‘或僧残罪’是依义理引出的说法,而‘于增上戒上戒有缺失’是唯就僧残罪而言,非就波罗夷罪。因此,不应以波罗夷罪为缘而作呵责业,因为没有意义;应以僧残罪为缘而作,此义得以成立。若问:在善方,‘因可说示的罪而作’与此相矛盾吗?不,因为依一种方式,僧残罪也可有‘可说示’之称谓故。”此说似为合理。
Nanu ca ‘‘adesanāgāminiyā āpattiyā kataṃ hotī’’ti idaṃ parato ‘‘tīhi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgatassa bhikkhuno ākaṅkhamāno saṅgho tajjanīyakammaṃ kareyya, adhisīle sīlavipanno hotī’’ti iminā virujjhati. Adesanāgāminiṃ āpanno hi ‘‘adhisīle sīlavipanno’’ti vuccatīti? Tattha keci vadanti ‘‘tajjanīyakammassa hi visesena bhaṇḍanakārakattaṃ aṅga’nti aṭṭhakathāyaṃ vuttaṃ, taṃ pāḷiyā āgatanidānena sameti, tasmā sabbatikesupi bhaṇḍanaṃ āropetvā bhaṇḍanapaccayā āpannāpattivasena idaṃ kammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Tasmā ‘adhisīle sīlavipanno’ti etthāpi pubbabhāge vā parabhāge vā codanāsāraṇādikāle bhaṇḍanapaccayā āpannāpattivaseneva kātabbaṃ, na kevalaṃ saṅghādisesapaccayā kātabba’’nti. Apare pana vadanti ‘‘adesanāgāminiyāti idaṃ pārājikāpattiṃyeva sandhāya vuttaṃ, na saṅghādisesaṃ. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana ‘adesanāgāminiyāti pārājikāpattiyā vā saṅghādisesāpattiyā vā’ti vuttaṃ. Tattha saṅghādisesāpattiyā vāti atthuddhāravasena vuttaṃ, ‘adhisīle sīlavipanno’ti ca idaṃ saṅghādisesaṃyeva sandhāya vuttaṃ, na pārājikaṃ. Tasmā pārājikāpattipaccayā na tajjanīyakammaṃ kātabbaṃ payojanābhāvā, saṅghādisesapaccayā kātabbanti ayamattho siddho hoti. Sukkapakkhe ‘desanāgāminiyā āpattiyā kataṃ hotī’ti iminā virujjhatīti ce? Na ekena pariyāyena saṅghādisesassapi desanāgāminīvohārasambhavato’’ti, taṃ yuttaṃ viya dissati.
7不应撤销的十八种论之注释
Nappaṭippassambhetabbaaṭṭhārasakakathāvaṇṇanā
8八、“使毛脱落”等,是正确行持的同义语。
8.Lomaṃ pātentītiādi sammāvattanāya pariyāyavacanaṃ.
9依止业论之注释
Niyassakammakathāvaṇṇanā
11十一、关于依止业,有人写道:“‘你应依止而住’是就重依止而言,非就其他。”然而在《结文》中说:“因为依止业是依愚痴者而作,故‘应依止而住’即应令其执取依止。”应审察后采纳较合理者。Apissū 中的 su 仅为小品词,意为“比丘们也常忙碌”。
11. Niyassakamme ‘‘nissāya te vatthabbanti garunissayaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, na itara’’nti kenaci likhitaṃ. Gaṇṭhipade pana ‘‘niyassakammaṃ yasmā bālavasena karīyati, tasmā nissāya vatthabbanti nissayaṃ gāhāpetabbo’’ti vuttaṃ, vīmaṃsitvā yuttataraṃ gahetabbaṃ. Apissūti ettha suiti nipātamattaṃ, bhikkhū api niccabyāvaṭā hontīti vuttaṃ hoti.
11驱摈业论之注释
Pabbājanīyakammakathāvaṇṇanā
29二十九、关于驱摈业,“诸比丘,因此,僧团应撤销驱摈业”这句话,是就那些虽还俗或离去,但仍正确行持者而言的。
29. Pabbājanīyakamme tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho pabbājanīyakammaṃ paṭippassambhetūti idaṃ tesu vibbhamantesupi pakkamantesupi sammāvattanteyeva sandhāya vuttaṃ.
13令忆念业论之注释
Paṭisāraṇīyakammakathāvaṇṇanā
3333. 在善法事中,“渔村”是一个如此命名的城镇。据说在那里(《法句经注》1.72 质多家主事),质多家主见到五群比丘中的大那摩长老正在托钵,对其威仪生起净信,接过钵,请入家中,供养饮食,饭食结束后听闻说法,证得须陀洹果,成为不动信者,欲将自己名为庵婆吒园的园林作为僧园,将水倒在长老手中而奉献。那一刻,“佛教已建立”作水边际时,大地震动,大富者在园中建造了大寺。在那里,这位善法比丘成为住者。就此而说:“具寿善法是渔村质多家主的住者”等。其中,“常施食者”即恒常施食者。
33. Sudhammavatthusmiṃ macchikāsaṇḍeti evaṃnāmake nagare. Tattha kira (dha. pa. aṭṭha. 1.72 cittagahapativatthu) citto gahapati pañcavaggiyānaṃ abbhantaraṃ mahānāmattheraṃ piṇḍāya caramānaṃ disvā tassa iriyāpathe pasīditvā pattaṃ ādāya gehaṃ pavesetvā bhojetvā bhattakiccāvasāne dhammakathaṃ suṇanto sotāpattiphalaṃ patvā acalasaddho hutvā ambāṭakavanaṃ nāma attano uyyānaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kātukāmo therassa hatthe udakaṃ pātetvā niyyātesi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe ‘‘patiṭṭhitaṃ buddhasāsana’’nti udakapariyantaṃ katvā mahāpathavī kampi, mahāseṭṭhi uyyāne mahāvihāraṃ kāresi. Tatthāyaṃ sudhammo bhikkhu āvāsiko ahosi. Taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘āyasmā sudhammo macchikāsaṇḍe cittassa gahapatino āvāsiko hotī’’tiādi. Tattha dhuvabhattikoti niccabhattiko.
8后来,两位上首弟子与千比丘一起,听闻质多的功德后,欲摄受他而来到渔村。就此而说:“那时,众多长老……”等。质多家主听闻他们到来,出迎约半由旬,带领他们进入自己的寺院,履行客僧义务后,请求法将说:“尊者,我想听少许说法。”于是长老对他说:“居士,我们因旅途而疲惫,不过你且听少许。”便为他说法。因此说:“具寿舍利弗对坐在一边的质多家主以法语开示”等。他听着长老的说法,即证得阿那含果。
Aparena samayena cittassa guṇakathaṃ sutvā bhikkhusahassena saddhiṃ dve aggasāvakā tassa saṅgahaṃ kattukāmā macchikāsaṇḍaṃ agamaṃsu. Taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘tena kho pana samayena sambahulā therā’’tiādi. Citto gahapati tesaṃ āgamanaṃ sutvā addhayojanamattaṃ paccuggantvā te ādāya attano vihāraṃ pavesetvā āgantukavattaṃ katvā ‘‘bhante, thokaṃ dhammakathaṃ sotukāmomhī’’ti dhammasenāpatiṃ yāci. Atha naṃ thero ‘‘upāsaka, addhānenāmhā kilantarūpā, apica thokaṃ suṇāhī’’ti tassa dhammakathaṃ kathesi. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho cittaṃ gahapatiṃ āyasmā sāriputto dhammiyā kathāya sandassesī’’tiādi. So therassa dhammakathaṃ suṇantova anāgāmiphalaṃ pāpuṇi.
4141. 他未能让质多居士原谅,便去到那里,说道:“居士,那过失确实在我,请原谅我。”尽管这样说了,却被居士拒绝说“我不原谅”,他沮丧不已,未能使居士宽恕。他再次回到导师身边。导师虽然知道“这位优婆塞不会原谅他”,但心想“此人傲慢顽固,就让他走上三十由旬再回来吧”,于是没有开示和解的方法,便打发他走了。后来,当他再次回来时,傲慢已被折服,导师便给他派了一位同伴,说道:“去吧,和这位比丘一起去,让优婆塞原谅你。”并教诫说:“作为沙门,不应生起‘这是我的寺院、这是我的住处、这是我的优婆塞、这是我的优婆夷’这样的傲慢或嫉妒。因为这样做的人,其欲贪、慢等烦恼会增长。”
41.Nāsakkhi cittaṃ gahapatiṃ khamāpetunti so tattha gantvā ‘‘gahapati, mayhameva so doso , khamāhi me’’ti vatvāpi ‘‘nāhaṃ khamāmī’’ti tena paṭikkhitto maṅkubhūto taṃ khamāpetuṃ nāsakkhi. Punadeva satthu santikaṃ paccāgamāsi. Satthā ‘‘nāssa upāsako khamissatī’’ti jānantopi ‘‘mānathaddho esa tiṃsayojanaṃ gantvāva paccāgacchatū’’ti khamanupāyaṃ anācikkhitvāva uyyojesi. Athassa puna āgatakāle nihatamānassa anudūtaṃ datvā ‘‘gaccha, iminā saddhiṃ gantvā upāsakaṃ khamāpehī’’ti vatvā ‘‘samaṇena nāma ‘mayhaṃ vihāro, mayhaṃ nivāsaṭṭhānaṃ, mayhaṃ upāsako, mayhaṃ upāsikā’ti mānaṃ vā issaṃ vā kātuṃ na vaṭṭati. Evaṃ karontassa hi icchāmānādayo kilesā vaḍḍhantī’’ti ovadanto –
10“愚者会希求不真实的修证,以及在比丘们中受到尊崇,
‘‘Asantaṃ bhāvanamiccheyya, purekkhārañca bhikkhusu;
11在寺院中谋求主宰,在俗人家中希求供养。”
Āvāsesu ca issariyaṃ, pūjā parakulesu ca.
12“‘愿在家与出家二者,都认为一切皆我所为;
‘‘Mameva kata maññantu, gihī pabbajitā ubho;
13愿他们都随顺于我,无论何事、该做不该做。’
Mamevātivasā assu, kiccākiccesu kismici;
14愚者如此思惟,其欲望与傲慢便增长。” (《法句经》73-74偈)
Iti bālassa saṅkappo, icchā māno ca vaḍḍhatī’’ti. (dha. pa. 73-74) –
15这是佛陀在《法句经》中所说的偈颂。
Dhammapade imā gāthā abhāsi.
16善法长老听闻此教诫后,礼敬导师,从座起身,右绕作礼,与那位同伴比丘一同前往,在优婆塞的视线范围内对过失进行了忏悔,使优婆塞原谅了他。优婆塞也回求原谅说:“尊者,我原谅您,若我有过失,也请您原谅我。”善法长老安住于导师所给的教诫,仅数日后便与无碍解一道证得阿罗汉果。
Sudhammattheropi imaṃ ovādaṃ sutvā satthāraṃ vanditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tena anudūtena bhikkhunā saddhiṃ gantvā upāsakassa cakkhupathe āpattiṃ paṭikaritvā upāsakaṃ khamāpesi. So upāsakena ‘‘khamāmahaṃ bhante, sace mayhaṃ doso atthi, khamatha me’’ti paṭikhamāpito satthārā dinnaovāde ṭhatvā katipāheneva saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi.
24不见罪举罪羯磨论释
Āpattiyā adassane ukkhepanīyakammakathāvaṇṇanā
5050. 对于不见罪者,应行举罪羯磨——即对于不见罪者,应行举罪羯磨。而呵责等羯磨,则是在举罪之后,依其不见罪或不忏悔,以及具足诤事者等条件而行。其余内容在此易解。
50.Tassā adassaneyeva kammaṃ kātabbanti tassā adassaneyeva ukkhepanīyakammaṃ kātabbaṃ. Tajjanīyādikammaṃ pana āpattiṃ āropetvā tassā adassane appaṭikamme vā bhaṇḍanakārakādiaṅgehi kātabbaṃ. Sesamettha uttānameva.
26羯磨篇注释终。
Kammakkhandhakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.