小论战
小论战
Cūḷasaṅgāmo
11. 被询问者的行仪
1. Anuvijjakassapaṭipatti
365比丘在进出会议时，要以谦卑的心接近僧团，要像带着除尘布那样的心；要善巧于座位安排，善巧于坐下；不挤迫长老比丘，不阻止新学比丘入座，要在合适的座位上坐下；不应说杂话，不应说畜生论；应当自己说法，或者请别人说法，也不应轻视圣者的默然。
Saṅgāmāvacare bhikkhunā saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamantena nīcacittena saṅgho upasaṅkamitabbo rajoharaṇasamena cittena; āsanakusalena bhavitabbaṃ nisajjakusalena; there bhikkhū anupakhajjantena, nave bhikkhū āsanena appaṭibāhantena, yathāpatirūpe āsane nisīditabbaṃ; anānākathikena bhavitabbaṃ atiracchānakathikena; sāmaṃ vā dhammo bhāsitabbo paro vā ajjhesitabbo ariyo vā tuṇhībhāvo nātimaññitabbo.
2被僧团授权的审查者，想要审查时，不应询问戒师，不应询问老师，不应询问同住弟子，不应询问随学弟子，不应询问同戒师者，不应询问同老师者，不应询问出身，不应询问名字，不应询问种姓，不应询问传承，不应询问家族地位，不应询问出生地。是什么原因？在此他可能有爱，或有嗔。若有爱或有嗔，可能会因欲而行，可能会因嗔而行，可能会因痴而行，可能会因怖而行。
Saṅghena anumatena puggalena anuvijjakena anuvijjitukāmena na upajjhāyo pucchitabbo, na ācariyo pucchitabbo, na saddhivihāriko pucchitabbo, na antevāsiko pucchitabbo, na samānupajjhāyako pucchitabbo, na samānācariyako pucchitabbo, na jāti pucchitabbā, na nāmaṃ pucchitabbaṃ, na gottaṃ pucchitabbaṃ, na āgamo pucchitabbo, na kulapadeso pucchitabbo, na jātibhūmi pucchitabbā. Taṃ kiṃ kāraṇā? Atrassa pemaṃ vā doso vā. Peme vā sati dose vā, chandāpi gaccheyya dosāpi gaccheyya mohāpi gaccheyya bhayāpi gaccheyya.
3被僧团授权的审查者，想要审查时，应当尊重僧团而非尊重个人，应当尊重正法而非尊重利养，应当依义利而非依取悦群众，应当适时审查而非非时，应当以真实审查而非以虚妄，应当以柔和审查而非以粗暴，应当以有益于义利审查而非以无益于义利，应当以慈心审查而非以嗔恨于内，不应在耳边低语，不应邪视，不应使眼色，不应抬眉毛，不应昂头，不应做手姿，不应打手势。
Saṅghena anumatena puggalena anuvijjakena anuvijjitukāmena saṅghagarukena bhavitabbaṃ no puggalagarukena, saddhammagarukena bhavitabbaṃ no āmisagarukena, atthavasikena bhavitabbaṃ no parisakappikena, kālena anuvijjitabbaṃ no akālena, bhūtena anuvijjitabbaṃ no abhūtena, saṇhena anuvijjitabbaṃ no pharusena, atthasaṃhitena anuvijjitabbaṃ no anatthasaṃhitena, mettācittena anuvijjitabbaṃ no dosantarena, na upakaṇṇakajappinā bhavitabbaṃ, na jimhaṃ pekkhitabbaṃ, na akkhi nikhaṇitabbaṃ, na bhamukaṃ ukkhipitabbaṃ, na sīsaṃ ukkhipitabbaṃ, na hatthavikāro kātabbo, na hatthamuddā dassetabbā.
4应当善巧于座位安排，善巧于坐下；应当坐在自己的座位上，目光注视约一轭距离，随法而行；不应离开座位，不应越过，不应走歧路，不应挥动手臂说话；应沉着而不匆忙，不急躁，不粗暴，能接受他人言语；应具慈心，同情利益，应具悲愍心，关切利益；不应说杂话，应说话有度；应保持无瞋恨心，不轻易听信他人；应当摄护自己，应当摄护对方，应当摄护举罪者，应当摄护被举罪者，应当摄护非法举罪者，应当摄护非法被举罪者，应当摄护依法举罪者，应当摄护依法被举罪者；对已说的不遗漏，对未说的不放任，善巧地摄持所举的语句文辞，反问对方后，依其所承认的去执行；应策励迟钝者，安慰恐惧者，阻止粗暴者，揭露不净者；应以正直柔和的方式行事，不因欲而行，不因嗔而行，不因痴而行，不因怖而行，对法和对人皆保持中正。如此审查者，当他如此审查时，既成为导师教法的奉行者，也为有慧的同梵行者们所喜爱、所悦意、所尊重、所珍视。
Āsanakusalena bhavitabbaṃ nisajjakusalena, yugamattaṃ pekkhantena atthaṃ anuvidhiyantena sake āsane nisīditabbaṃ, na ca āsanā vuṭṭhātabbaṃ , na vītihātabbaṃ, na kummaggo sevitabbo, na bāhāvikkhepakaṃ bhaṇitabbaṃ, aturitena bhavitabbaṃ asāhasikena, acaṇḍikatena bhavitabbaṃ vacanakkhame , mettācittena bhavitabbaṃ hitānukampinā, kāruṇikena bhavitabbaṃ hitaparisakkinā, asamphappalāpinā bhavitabbaṃ pariyantabhāṇinā, averavasikena bhavitabbaṃ anasuruttena, attā pariggahetabbo, paro pariggahetabbo, codako pariggahetabbo, cuditako pariggahetabbo, adhammacodako pariggahetabbo, adhammacuditako pariggahetabbo, dhammacodako pariggahetabbo, dhammacuditako pariggahetabbo, vuttaṃ ahāpentena avuttaṃ apakāsentena otiṇṇāni padabyañjanāni sādhukaṃ pariggahetvā paro paṭipucchitvā yathā paṭiññāya kāretabbo, mando hāsetabbo , bhīrū assāsetabbo, caṇḍo nisedhetabbo, asuci vibhāvetabbo, ujumaddavena na chandāgatiṃ gantabbaṃ, na dosāgatiṃ gantabbaṃ, na mohāgatiṃ gantabbaṃ, na bhayāgatiṃ gantabbaṃ, majjhattena bhavitabbaṃ dhammesu ca puggalesu ca. Evañca pana anuvijjako anuvijjamāno satthu ceva sāsanakaro hoti, viññūnañca sabrahmacārīnaṃ piyo ca hoti manāpo ca garu ca bhāvanīyo ca.
366规约是为了对照，譬喻是为了示范，义理是为了说明，反问是为了搁置，许可羯磨是为了举罪，举罪是为了令忆念，忆念是为了可训诫，可训诫是为了出罪，出罪是为了判决，判决是为了审核，审核是为了判定合理与不合理，判定合理与不合理是为了处罚顽固的人，表彰善行的比丘；僧团是为了摄受与认可，被僧团授权的审查者们，是各自独立的、立于不欺诳的立场。
Suttaṃ saṃsandanatthāya, opammaṃ nidassanatthāya, attho viññāpanatthāya, paṭipucchā ṭhapanatthāya, okāsakammaṃ codanatthāya, codanā sāraṇatthāya, sāraṇā savacanīyatthāya, savacanīyaṃ palibodhatthāya, palibodho vinicchayatthāya, vinicchayo santīraṇatthāya, santīraṇaṃ ṭhānāṭhānagamanatthāya, ṭhānāṭhānagamanaṃ dummaṅkūnaṃ puggalānaṃ niggahatthāya, pesalānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ sampaggahatthāya, saṅgho sampariggahasampaṭicchanatthāya, saṅghena anumatā puggalā paccekaṭṭhāyino avisaṃvādakaṭṭhāyino.
6律为了防护之义，防护为了无悔之义，无悔为了喜悦之义，喜悦为了喜乐之义，喜乐为了轻安之义，轻安为了快乐之义，快乐为了定之义，定为了如实知见之义，如实知见为了厌离之义，厌离为了离贪之义，离贪为了解脱之义，解脱为了解脱智见之义，解脱智见为了无取般涅槃之义。正是为此义而有言说，为此义而有讨论，为此义而有近依，为此义而有倾听——那就是所谓的‘无取心之解脱’。
Vinayo saṃvaratthāya, saṃvaro avippaṭisāratthāya, avippaṭisāro pāmujjatthāya, pāmujjaṃ pītatthāya, pīti passaddhatthāya, passaddhi sukhatthāya, sukhaṃ samādhatthāya, samādhi yathābhūtañāṇadassanatthāya, yathābhūtañāṇadassanaṃ nibbidatthāya, nibbidā virāgatthāya, virāgo vimuttatthāya, vimutti vimuttiñāṇadassanatthāya, vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ anupādāparinibbānatthāya. Etadatthā kathā, etadatthā mantanā, etadatthā upanisā, etadatthaṃ sotāvadhānaṃ – yadidaṃ anupādācittassa vimokkhoti.
8请聆听审问的行仪，由善巧而有智慧的人所作；
Anuyogavattaṃ nisāmaya, kusalena buddhimatā kataṃ;
9善说与学处相应，不毁坏来世的去向。
Suvuttaṃ sikkhāpadānulomikaṃ, gatiṃ na nāsento samparāyikaṃ.
10对事由、失坏、罪过、原由以及表现形式，他不熟悉；
Vatthuṃ vipattiṃ āpattiṃ, nidānaṃ ākāraakovido;
11他不知道前后的情况，哪些已经做了、哪些还没做，以及是否公正；
Pubbāparaṃ na jānāti, katākataṃ samena ca.
12对于僧团的行为、诤事，以及平息的方法，他同样不熟悉；
Kammañca adhikaraṇañca, samathe cāpi akovido;
13他带有染爱、嗔恨、愚痴，也会因为恐惧和痴迷而行事；
Ratto duṭṭho ca mūḷho ca, bhayā mohā ca gacchati.
14他不善于令人信服，也不善于进行质问；
Na ca saññattikusalo, nijjhattiyā ca akovido;
15他有了固定的帮派，没有惭愧心，业行不善，不尊重他人；
Laddhapakkho ahiriko, kaṇhakammo anādaro;
16像这样的比丘，确实被称为不应被质问之人。
Sa ve tādisako bhikkhu, appaṭikkhoti vuccati.
17对事由、失坏、罪过、原由以及表现形式，他都很熟悉；
Vatthuṃ vipattiṃ āpattiṃ, nidānaṃ ākārakovido;
18他能知道前因与后果，以平等心知道已做的和未做的。
Pubbāparañca jānāti, katākataṃ samena ca.
19对于僧团羯磨、诤事，以及平息程序，他也是善巧的；
Kammañca adhikaraṇañca, samathe cāpi kovido;
20不染着、不嗔恨、不愚痴，他不会因为恐惧或迷惑而行事。
Aratto aduṭṭho amūḷho, bhayā mohā na gacchati.
21他善于劝说引导，也精通于审查裁决；
Saññattiyā ca kusalo, nijjhattiyā ca kovido;
22他得到了支持者，有惭耻心，行为清净，心怀恭敬；
Laddhapakkho hirimano, sukkakammo sagāravo;
23像这样的一位比丘，才被称为‘善于应对质询者’。
Sa ve tādisako bhikkhu, sappaṭikkhoti vuccatīti.
24小论战完
Cūḷasaṅgāmo niṭṭhito.
25其偈颂
Tassuddānaṃ –
26他应当以谦卑的心来询问，尊重僧团，而不是尊重个人；
Nīcacittena puccheyya, garu saṅghe na puggale;
27这是为了能与经典相合，也是为了能摄护律藏；
Suttaṃ saṃsandanatthāya, vinayānuggahena ca;
28《小论战》的总结：一诵之教说，这被称为完成。
Uddānaṃ cūḷasaṅgāme, ekuddeso idaṃ katanti.