10. 国桑比篇集

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110. 国桑比篇集

10. Kosambakakkhandhako

2271. 国桑比争论论

271. Kosambakavivādakathā

451那时,世尊住在憍赏弥的瞿师罗园。当时,有位比丘犯了罪。他对于那个罪,当时是看成有罪的;而其他比丘对于那个罪看成是无罪的。后来,他对于那个罪,反过来看成是无罪的;而其他比丘对于那个罪看成是有罪的。于是,那些比丘就对那位比丘这样说:"贤友,你犯了罪,你看到了这个罪吗?"他说:"贤友,我没有看到自己有罪。"于是,那些比丘在达成一致之后,就以不见罪为由把那位比丘举罚了。而那位比丘博学多闻,通达经教,持法、持律、持本母,聪慧、善巧、有智慧,有惭耻心、谨慎、乐于学习。此后,那位比丘就去找他亲近、熟识的比丘们,对他们说:"贤友,这不是罪,那不是罪。我没有犯,不是我犯的。我没有被举罚,不是我被举罚的。我是被一个非法的、动摇的、没有理由的羯磨所举罚。请尊者们依从法、依从律来做我的支持者。"那位比丘得到了当地亲近、熟识的比丘们作为支持者。他又派人到外地同样亲近、熟识的比丘们那里传话:"贤友,这不是罪……请尊者们依从法、依从律来做我的支持者。"那位比丘也得到了外地亲近、熟识的比丘们作为支持者。此后,那些跟随被举罚者的比丘们就去到举罚者们那里,到了之后对举罚者们这样说:"贤友,这不是罪,那不是罪。那位比丘没有犯,不是那位比丘犯的。那位比丘没有被举罚,不是那位比丘被举罚。他是被一个非法的、动摇的、没有理由的羯磨所举罚。"这样说之后,举罚者们就对跟随被举罚者的比丘们说:"贤友,这是罪,那不是无罪。那位比丘犯了,不是那位比丘没犯。那位比丘被举罚了,不是那位比丘没有被举罚。他是被一个如法的、不动摇的、有理由的羯磨所举罚。你们这些尊者不要追随、不要围绕那个被举罚的比丘。"可是,即使被举罚者们这样劝说,那些跟随被举罚者的比丘们还是照样追随、围绕着那位被举罚的比丘。

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu āpattiṃ āpanno hoti. So tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhi hoti; aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhino honti. So aparena samayena tassā āpattiyā anā pattidiṭṭhi hoti; aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhino honti. Atha kho te bhikkhū taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘āpattiṃ tvaṃ, āvuso, āpanno, passasetaṃ āpatti’’nti? ‘‘Natthi me, āvuso, āpatti yamahaṃ passeyya’’nti. Atha kho te bhikkhū sāmaggiṃ labhitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ āpattiyā adassane ukkhipiṃsu. So ca bhikkhu bahussuto hoti āgatāgamo dhammadharo vinayadharo mātikādharo paṇḍito byatto medhāvī lajjī kukkuccako sikkhākāmo. Atha kho so bhikkhu sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca – ‘‘anāpatti esā, āvuso, nesā āpatti. Anāpannomhi, namhi āpanno. Anukkhittomhi, namhi ukkhitto. Adhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto kuppena aṭṭhānārahena. Hotha me āyasmanto dhammato vinayato pakkhā’’ti. Alabhi kho so bhikkhu sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū pakkhe. Jānapadānampi sandiṭṭhānaṃ sambhattānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dūtaṃ pāhesi – anāpatti esā, āvuso, nesā āpatti. Anāpannomhi, namhi āpanno. Anukkhittomhi, namhi ukkhitto. Adhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto kuppena aṭṭhānārahena. Hontu me āyasmanto dhammato vinayato pakkhā’’ti. Alabhi kho so bhikkhu jānapadepi sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū pakkhe. Atha kho te ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū yena ukkhepakā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā ukkhepake bhikkhū etadavocuṃ – ‘‘anāpatti esā, āvuso, nesā āpatti. Anāpanno eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu āpanno. Anukkhitto eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu ukkhitto . Adhammikena kammena ukkhitto kuppena aṭṭhānārahenā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte ukkhepakā bhikkhū ukkhittānuvattake bhikkhū etadavocuṃ – ‘‘āpatti esā āvuso, nesā anāpatti. Āpanno eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu anāpanno. Ukkhitto eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu anukkhitto. Dhammikena kammena ukkhitto akuppena ṭhānārahena. Mā kho tumhe āyasmanto etaṃ ukkhittakaṃ bhikkhuṃ anuvattittha anuparivārethā’’ti. Evampi kho te ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū ukkhepakehi bhikkhūhi vuccamānā tatheva taṃ ukkhittakaṃ bhikkhuṃ anuvattiṃsu anuparivāresuṃ.

452那时,有一位比丘就去世尊那里,到了之后顶礼世尊,然后坐在一边。坐在一边之后,那位比丘就对世尊这样说:"尊者,这里有位比丘犯了罪。他对于那个罪,当时是看成有罪的;而其他比丘对于那个罪看成是无罪的。后来,他对于那个罪,反过来看成是无罪的;而其他比丘对于那个罪看成是有罪的。然后,尊者,那些比丘就对那位比丘这样说:'贤友,你犯了罪,你看到了这个罪吗?'他说:'贤友,我没有看到自己有罪。'于是,尊者,那些比丘在达成一致之后,就以不见罪为由把那位比丘举罚了。而那位比丘,尊者,博学多闻,通达经教,持法、持律、持本母,聪慧、善巧、有智慧,有惭耻心、谨慎、乐于学习。此后,尊者,那位比丘就去找他亲近、熟识的比丘们,对他们说:'贤友,这不是罪……请尊者们依从法、依从律来做我的支持者。'那位比丘,尊者,得到了当地亲近、熟识的比丘们作为支持者。他又派人到外地同样亲近、熟识的比丘们那里传话:'贤友,这不是罪……请尊者们依从法、依从律来做我的支持者。'那位比丘,尊者,也得到了外地亲近、熟识的比丘们作为支持者。此后,尊者,那些跟随被举罚者的比丘们就去到举罚者们那里,到了之后对举罚者们这样说:'贤友,这不是罪……他是被一个非法的、动摇的、没有理由的羯磨所举罚。'这样说之后,尊者,那些举罚者们就对跟随被举罚者的比丘们说:'贤友,这是罪……他是被一个如法的、不动摇的、有理由的羯磨所举罚。你们这些尊者不要追随、不要围绕那个被举罚的比丘。'可是,尊者,即使被举罚者们这样劝说,那些跟随被举罚者的比丘们还是照样追随、围绕着那位被举罚的比丘。"

Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idha, bhante, aññataro bhikkhu āpattiṃ āpanno ahosi. So tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhi ahosi, aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhino ahesuṃ. So aparena samayena tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhi ahosi, aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhino ahesuṃ. Atha kho te, bhante, bhikkhū taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘āpattiṃ tvaṃ, āvuso, āpanno, passasetaṃ āpatti’nti? ‘‘Natthi me, āvuso, āpatti yamahaṃ passeyya’’nti. Atha kho te, bhante, bhikkhū sāmaggiṃ labhitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ āpattiyā adassane ukkhipiṃsu. So ca, bhante, bhikkhu bahussuto āgatāgamo dhammadharo vinayadharo mātikādharo paṇḍito byatto medhāvī lajjī kukkuccako sikkhākāmo. Atha kho so, bhante, bhikkhu sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca – ‘anāpatti esā, āvuso; nesā āpatti. Anāpannomhi, namhi āpanno. Anukkhittomhi, namhi ukkhitto. Adhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto kuppena aṭṭhānārahena. Hotha me āyasmanto dhammato vinayato pakkhā’ti. Alabhi kho so, bhante, bhikkhu sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū pakkhe. Jānapadānampi sandiṭṭhānaṃ sambhattānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ santike dūtaṃ pāhesi – ‘anāpatti esā, āvuso; nesā āpatti. Anāpannomhi, namhi āpanno. Anukkhittomhi, namhi ukkhitto. Adhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto kuppena aṭṭhānārahena. Hontu me āyasmanto dhammato vinayato pakkhā’ti. Alabhi kho so, bhante, bhikkhu jānapadepi sandiṭṭhe sambhatte bhikkhū pakkhe. Atha kho te, bhante, ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū yena ukkhepakā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā ukkhepake bhikkhū etadavocuṃ – ‘anāpatti esā, āvuso; nesā āpatti. Anāpanno eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu āpanno. Anukkhitto eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu ukkhitto. Adhammikena kammena ukkhitto kuppena aṭṭhānārahenā’ti. Evaṃ vutte te, bhante, ukkhepakā bhikkhū ukkhittānuvattake bhikkhū etadavocuṃ – ‘āpatti esā, āvuso; nesā anāpatti. Āpanno eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu anāpanno. Ukkhitto eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu anukkhitto. Dhammikena kammena ukkhitto akuppena ṭhānārahena. Mā kho tumhe āyasmanto etaṃ ukkhittakaṃ bhikkhuṃ anuvattittha anuparivārethā’ti. Evampi kho te, bhante, ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū ukkhepakehi bhikkhūhi vuccamānā tatheva taṃ ukkhittakaṃ bhikkhuṃ anuvattanti anuparivārentī’’ti.

453那时,世尊知道了"比丘僧团分裂了,比丘僧团分裂了",就从座位起身,走到举罚者比丘们那边,到了之后坐在敷设的座位上,坐下之后,世尊就对举罚者们这样说:"诸位比丘,你们不要因为'我们觉得这样、我们觉得那样',就认为应该随便举罚某个比丘。"

Atha kho bhagavā ‘bhinno bhikkhusaṅgho, bhinno bhikkhusaṅgho’ti – uṭṭhāyāsanā yena ukkhepakā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi, nisajja kho bhagavā ukkhepake bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘mā kho tumhe, bhikkhave, ‘paṭibhāti no, paṭibhāti no’ti yasmiṃ vā tasmiṃ vā bhikkhuṃ ukkhipitabbaṃ maññittha’’.

4可是,诸位比丘,这里有个比丘犯了罪。他对于那个罪看成是无罪的,而其他比丘对于那个罪看成是有罪的。诸位比丘,如果那些比丘这样知道这位尊者:'这位尊者博学多闻,通达经教,持法、持律、持本母,聪慧、善巧、有智慧,有惭耻心、谨慎、乐于学习。如果我们因不见罪而把这位比丘举罚了,我们就不会和这位比丘一起诵戒,就会缺少这位比丘而诵戒,那么僧团就会以此为因缘产生争吵、纷争、斗诤、争论,乃至僧团分裂、僧团破裂、僧团别住、僧团分异。'诸位比丘,如果是这样,那些重视僧团不分裂的比丘,就不应该因不见罪而把那位比丘举罚。

5再者,诸位比丘,这里有个比丘犯了罪。他对于那个罪看成是无罪的,而其他比丘对于那个罪看成是有罪的。诸位比丘,如果那些比丘这样知道这位尊者:'这位尊者博学多闻……乐于学习。如果我们因不见罪而把这位比丘举罚了,我们就不会和这位比丘一起自恣,就会缺少这位比丘而自恣。我们就不会和这位比丘一起做僧团羯磨,就会缺少这位比丘而做僧团羯磨。我们就不会和这位比丘一起坐在座位上,就会缺少这位比丘而坐在座位上。我们就不会和这位比丘一起在粥饮处坐,就会缺少这位比丘而在粥饮处坐。我们就不会和这位比丘一起在食堂坐,就会缺少这位比丘而在食堂坐。我们就不会和这位比丘同住一屋檐下,就会缺少这位比丘而同住一屋檐下。我们就不会和这位比丘如法次第礼敬、起迎、合掌、作适当的礼仪,就会缺少这位比丘而如法次第礼敬、起迎、合掌、作适当的礼仪。那么僧团就会以此为因缘产生争吵、纷争、斗诤、争论,乃至僧团分裂、僧团破裂、僧团别住、僧团分异。'诸位比丘,如果是这样,那些重视僧团不分裂的比丘,就不应该因不见罪而把那位比丘举罚。"

‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āpattiṃ āpanno hoti. So tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhi hoti, aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhino honti. Te ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhū taṃ bhikkhuṃ evaṃ jānanti – ‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā bahussuto āgatāgamo dhammadharo vinayadharo mātikādharo paṇḍito byatto medhāvī lajjī kukkuccako sikkhākāmo. Sace mayaṃ imaṃ bhikkhuṃ āpattiyā adassane ukkhipissāma, na mayaṃ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṃ pavāressāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā pavāressāma. Na mayaṃ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṃ saṅghakammaṃ karissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā saṅghakammaṃ karissāma. Na mayaṃ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṃ āsane nisīdissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā āsane nisīdissāma. Na mayaṃ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṃ yāgupāne nisīdissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā yāgupāne nisīdissāma . Na mayaṃ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṃ bhattagge nisīdissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā bhattagge nisīdissāma. Na mayaṃ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṃ ekacchanne vasissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā ekacchanne vasissāma. Na mayaṃ iminā bhikkhunā saddhiṃ yathāvuḍḍhaṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ karissāma, vinā iminā bhikkhunā yathāvuḍḍhaṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ karissāma. Bhavissati saṅghassa tatonidānaṃ bhaṇḍanaṃ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṃ saṅghanānākaraṇa’nti, bhedagarukehi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūhi na so bhikkhu āpattiyā adassane ukkhipitabbo’’ti.

454那时,世尊对举罚者比丘们说了这些道理之后,就从座位起身,走到跟随被举罚者的比丘们那边,到了之后坐在敷设的座位上,坐下之后,世尊就对跟随被举罚者的比丘们这样说:"诸位比丘,你们不要犯了罪,还想着'我们没有犯、我们没有犯'，从而不忏这个罪。"

Atha kho bhagavā ukkhepakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ bhāsitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā yena ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi, nisajja kho bhagavā ukkhittānuvattake bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘mā kho tumhe, bhikkhave, āpattiṃ āpajjitvā ‘nāmha āpannā, nāmha āpannā’ti āpattiṃ na paṭikātabbaṃ maññittha’’.

7可是,诸位比丘,这里有个比丘犯了罪。他对于那个罪看成是无罪的,而其他比丘对于那个罪看成是有罪的。诸位比丘,如果那位比丘这样知道那些比丘:'这些尊者都是博学多闻,通达经教,持法、持律、持本母,聪慧、善巧、有智慧,有惭耻心、谨慎、乐于学习,他们不会因为贪欲、嗔恚、愚痴、恐惧而走错路,不管是由于我的关系,还是由于其他人的关系。如果这些比丘因不见罪而把我举罚了,他们就不会和我一起诵戒,就会缺少我而诵戒,那么僧团就会以此为因缘产生争吵、纷争、斗诤、争论,乃至僧团分裂、僧团破裂、僧团别住、僧团分异。'诸位比丘,如果是这样,那个重视僧团不分裂的比丘,就应该怀着对他人的信任,而把那个罪说出来。

8再者,诸位比丘,这里有个比丘犯了罪。他对于那个罪看成是无罪的,而其他比丘对于那个罪看成是有罪的。诸位比丘,如果那位比丘这样知道那些比丘:'这些尊者都是博学多闻……不会因为贪欲、嗔恚、愚痴、恐惧而走错路。如果这些比丘因不见罪而把我举罚了,他们就不会和我一起自恣,就会缺少我而自恣。他们就不会和我一起做僧团羯磨,就会缺少我而做僧团羯磨。他们就不会和我一起坐在座位上,就会缺少我而坐在座位上。他们就不会和我一起在粥饮处坐,就会缺少我而在粥饮处坐。他们就不会和我一起在食堂坐,就会缺少我而在食堂坐。他们就不会和我同住一屋檐下,就会缺少我而同住一屋檐下。他们就不会和我如法次第礼敬、起迎、合掌、作适当的礼仪,就会缺少我而如法次第礼敬、起迎、合掌、作适当的礼仪。那么僧团就会以此为因缘产生争吵、纷争、斗诤、争论,乃至僧团分裂、僧团破裂、僧团别住、僧团分异。'诸位比丘,如果是这样,那个重视僧团不分裂的比丘,就应该怀着对他人的信任,而把那个罪说出来。"那时,世尊对跟随被举罚者的比丘们说了这些道理之后,就从座位起身离开了。

‘‘Idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āpattiṃ āpanno hoti. So tassā āpattiyā anāpattidiṭṭhi hoti, aññe bhikkhū tassā āpattiyā āpattidiṭṭhino honti. So ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu te bhikkhū evaṃ jānāti – ‘ime kho āyasmanto bahussutā āgatāgamā dhammadharā vinayadharā mātikādharā paṇḍitā byattā medhāvino lajjino kukkuccakā sikkhākāmā, nālaṃ mamaṃ vā kāraṇā aññesaṃ vā kāraṇā chandā dosā mohā bhayā agatiṃ gantuṃ. Sace maṃ ime bhikkhū āpattiyā adassane ukkhipissanti, na mayā saddhiṃ pavāressanti , vinā mayā pavāressanti. Na mayā saddhiṃ saṅghakammaṃ karissanti, vinā mayā saṅghakammaṃ karissanti. Na mayā saddhiṃ āsane nisīdissanti, vinā mayā āsane nisīdissanti. Na mayā saddhiṃ yāgupāne nisīdissanti, vinā mayā yāgupāne nisīdissanti. Na mayā saddhiṃ bhattagge nisīdissanti vinā mayā bhattagge nisīdissanti. Na mayā saddhiṃ ekacchanne vasissanti, vinā mayā ekacchanne vasissanti. Na mayā saddhiṃ yathāvuḍḍhaṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ karissanti, vinā mayā yathāvuḍḍhaṃ abhivādanaṃ paccuṭṭhānaṃ añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ karissanti, bhavissati saṅghassa tatonidānaṃ bhaṇḍanaṃ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṃ saṅghanānākaraṇa’nti , bhedagarukena, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā paresampi saddhāya sā āpatti desetabbā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā ukkhittānuvattakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ bhāsitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.

455那时，随顺被举者的比丘们就在界内诵巴蒂摩卡、作僧团羯磨；而那些举罚者的比丘们却走到界外去诵巴蒂摩卡、作僧团羯磨。这时，某位举罚者的比丘来到世尊那里，到了以后，礼敬世尊，坐在一旁。坐在一旁后，那位比丘对世尊这样说：‘尊者，那些随顺被举者的比丘就在界内诵巴蒂摩卡、作僧团羯磨；而我们这些举罚者的比丘，却要走到界外去诵巴蒂摩卡、作僧团羯磨。’世尊说：‘比丘，如果那些随顺被举者的比丘就在界内诵巴蒂摩卡、作僧团羯磨，只要他们是依照我所制定的白众和羯磨说示来作的，那么他们的那些羯磨就是如法的羯磨，不可动摇，值得认可。比丘，如果你们这些举罚者的比丘也在界内诵巴蒂摩卡、作僧团羯磨，只要你们是依照我所制定的白众和羯磨说示来作的，那么你们的那些羯磨也将是如法的羯磨，不可动摇，值得认可。为什么呢？因为那些比丘与你们是异住者，你们与他们也是异住者。’

Tena kho pana samayena ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū tattheva antosīmāya uposathaṃ karonti, saṅghakammaṃ karonti. Ukkhepakā pana bhikkhū nissīmaṃ gantvā uposathaṃ karonti, saṅghakammaṃ karonti. Atha kho aññataro ukkhepako bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘te, bhante, ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū tattheva antosīmāya uposathaṃ karonti, saṅghakammaṃ karonti. Mayaṃ pana ukkhepakā bhikkhū nissīmaṃ gantvā uposathaṃ karoma, saṅghakammaṃ karomā’’ti. ‘‘Te ce, bhikkhu, ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū tattheva antosīmāya uposathaṃ karissanti, saṅghakammaṃ karissanti, yathā mayā ñatti ca anussāvanā ca paññattā, tesaṃ tāni kammāni dhammikāni kammāni bhavissa’’nti akuppāni ṭhānārahāni. Tumhe ce, bhikkhu, ukkhepakā bhikkhū tattheva antosīmāya uposathaṃ karissatha, saṅghakammaṃ karissatha, yathā mayā ñatti ca anussāvanā ca paññattā, tumhākampi tāni kammāni dhammikāni kammāni bhavissanti akuppāni ṭhānārahāni. Taṃ kissa hetu? Nānāsaṃvāsakā ete bhikkhū tumhehi, tumhe ca tehi nānāsaṃvāsakā.

10世尊接着说：‘比丘，有这两种成为异住者的条件：自己把自己变成异住者，或者，和合的僧团以不见罪、不忏罪、不舍邪见为由，将他举罚。比丘，这就是两种成为异住者的条件。比丘，有这两种成为同住者的条件：自己把自己变成同住者，或者，和合的僧团将那位被举罚的人，通过不见罪、不忏罪、不舍邪见的程序，开许接纳入僧团。比丘，这就是两种成为同住者的条件。’

‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhu, nānāsaṃvāsakabhūmiyo – attanā vā attānaṃ nānāsaṃvāsakaṃ karoti, samaggo vā naṃ saṅgho ukkhipati adassane vā appaṭikamme vā appaṭinissagge vā. Imā kho, bhikkhu, dve nānāsaṃvāsakabhūmiyo. Dvemā, bhikkhu, samānasaṃvāsakabhūmiyo – attanā vā attānaṃ samānasaṃvāsaṃ karoti, samaggo vā naṃ saṅgho ukkhittaṃ osāreti adassane vā appaṭikamme vā appaṭinissagge vā. Imā kho, bhikkhu, dve samānasaṃvāsakabhūmiyo’’ti.

456那时，比丘们在一个市镇或村落间的施食处，陷入了争吵、争执、争论，相互展示不合宜的身业、语业，甚至动手推搡。人们对此讥嫌、批评、非议说：‘这些释迦子沙门，怎么能在市镇或村落间的施食处，陷入争吵、争执、争论，相互展示不合宜的身业、语业，甚至动手推搡呢？’那些比丘听到了那些人的讥嫌、批评、非议。凡是少欲知足的比丘，也都对此讥嫌、批评、非议说：‘比丘们怎么能在市镇或村落间的施食处，陷入争吵、争执、争论，相互展示不合宜的身业、语业，甚至动手推搡呢？’于是，那些比丘把这件事禀告了世尊……世尊问：‘比丘们，据说比丘们在施食处陷入了争吵……甚至动手推搡，是真的吗？’比丘们回答：‘是真的，世尊。’佛陀世尊呵责了……呵责之后，作了法义开示，然后对比丘们说：‘比丘们，在僧团分裂时，如果事情朝着非法方向发展，关系不融洽，那么在座位上坐着时，就应该想着“到此为止，我们不再相互展示不合宜的身业、语业，不相互动手推搡”。比丘们，在僧团分裂时，如果事情朝着如法方向发展，关系融洽，那就可以相邻而坐。’

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū bhattagge antaraghare bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ ananulomikaṃ kāyakammaṃ vacīkammaṃ upadaṃsenti, hatthaparāmāsaṃ karonti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā bhattagge antaraghare bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ ananulomikaṃ kāyakammaṃ vacīkammaṃ upadaṃsessanti, hatthaparāmāsaṃ karissantī’’ti. Assosuṃ kho bhikkhū tesaṃ manussānaṃ ujjhāyantānaṃ khiyyantānaṃ vipācentānaṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma bhikkhū bhattagge antaraghare bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ ananulomikaṃ kāyakammaṃ vacīkammaṃ upadaṃsessanti , hatthaparāmāsaṃ karissantī’’ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ…pe… ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū bhattagge antaraghare bhaṇḍanajātā…pe… hatthaparāmāsaṃ karontī’’ti? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā…pe… vigarahitvā dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhinne, bhikkhave, saṅghe adhammiyāyamāne asammodikāya vattamānāya ‘ettāvatā na aññamaññaṃ ananulomikaṃ kāyakammaṃ vacīkammaṃ upadaṃsessāma, hatthaparāmāsaṃ karissāmā’ti āsane nisīditabbaṃ. Bhinne, bhikkhave, saṅghe dhammiyāyamāne sammodikāya vattamānāya āsanantarikāya nisīditabba’’nti.

457那时，比丘们在僧团中陷入了争吵、争执、争论，彼此以尖利的话语互相挖苦，待在一起。他们无法平息那场诤事。这时，有一位比丘来到世尊那里，到了以后，礼敬世尊，站在一旁。站在一旁后，那位比丘对世尊这样说：‘尊者，这里的比丘们在僧团中陷入了争吵、争执、争论，彼此以尖利的话语互相挖苦，待在一起。他们无法平息那场诤事。善哉，尊者，愿世尊出于悲悯，前往那些比丘那里。’世尊以沉默表示同意。于是，世尊前往那些比丘那里，到了之后，在铺设的座位上坐下。坐下后，世尊对那些比丘说：‘够了，比丘们，不要争吵，不要争执，不要纷争，不要争论。’这么说了以后，有一位持非法主张的比丘对世尊这样说：‘尊者，请世尊，法的主人，再等等吧；尊者，请世尊轻松自在，安心于现世安乐的住法吧。这场争吵、争执、纷争、争论，我们自己会弄清楚的。’世尊第二次对那些比丘说：‘够了，比丘们，不要争吵，不要争执，不要纷争，不要争论。’那位持非法主张的比丘第二次对世尊这样说：‘尊者，请世尊，法的主人，再等等吧；尊者，请世尊轻松自在，安心于现世安乐的住法吧。这场争吵、争执、纷争、争论，我们自己会弄清楚的。’

Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū saṅghamajjhe bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti. Te na sakkonti taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idha, bhante, bhikkhū saṅghamajjhe bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharanti. Te na sakkonti taṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasametuṃ. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho bhagavā yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi, nisajja kho bhagavā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘alaṃ, bhikkhave, mā bhaṇḍanaṃ mā kalahaṃ mā viggahaṃ mā vivāda’’nti. Evaṃ vutte aññataro adhammavādī bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āgametu, bhante, bhagavā dhammassāmī; appossukko, bhante, bhagavā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāramanuyutto viharatu. Mayametena bhaṇḍanena kalahena viggahena vivādena paññāyissāmā’’ti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘alaṃ, bhikkhave, mā bhaṇḍanaṃ mā kalahaṃ mā viggahaṃ mā vivāda’’nti. Dutiyampi kho so adhammavādī bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āgametu , bhante, bhagavā dhammassāmī; appossukko, bhante , bhagavā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāramanuyutto viharatu. Mayametena bhaṇḍanena kalahena viggahena vivādena paññāyissāmā’’ti.

15国桑比争论论完

Kosambakavivādakathā niṭṭhitā.

16272. 长寿事

272. Dīghāvuvatthu

458于是，世尊对比丘们说：‘比丘们，从前，在波罗奈，有一位名叫梵授的迦尸王，他富裕、有大财、多资具、兵力强盛、车乘众多、国土广大、仓库饱满。而有一位名叫长寿的憍萨罗王，他却贫穷、少财、缺资具、兵力微弱、车乘稀少、国土狭小、仓库空虚。比丘们，那时，迦尸王梵授集合了四兵种的大军，去攻打憍萨罗王长寿。比丘们，憍萨罗王长寿听说了：“据说迦尸王梵授集合了四兵种的大军，来攻打我了。”比丘们，那时，憍萨罗王长寿心想：“迦尸王梵授富裕、有大财、多资具、兵力强盛、车乘众多、国土广大、仓库饱满，而我却贫穷、少财、缺资具、兵力微弱、车乘稀少、国土狭小、仓库空虚。我根本不是迦尸王梵授的一合之敌。不如我预先就撤出都城吧。”’

Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, bārāṇasiyaṃ brahmadatto nāma kāsirājā ahosi aḍḍho mahaddhano mahābhogo mahabbalo mahāvāhano mahāvijito paripuṇṇakosakoṭṭhāgāro. Dīghīti nāma kosalarājā ahosi daliddo appadhano appabhogo appabalo appavāhano appavijito aparipuṇṇakosakoṭṭhāgāro. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ sannayhitvā dīghītiṃ kosalarājānaṃ abbhuyyāsi. Assosi kho, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā – ‘‘brahmadatto kira kāsirājā caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ sannayhitvā mamaṃ abbhuyyāto’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño etadahosi – ‘‘brahmadatto kho kāsirājā aḍḍho mahaddhano mahābhogo mahabbalo mahāvāhano mahāvijito paripuṇṇakosakoṭṭhāgāro, ahaṃ panamhi daliddo appadhano appabhogo appabalo appavāhano appavijito aparipuṇṇakosakoṭṭhāgāro, nāhaṃ paṭibalo brahmadattena kāsiraññā ekasaṅghātampi sahituṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ paṭikacceva nagaramhā nippateyya’’nti.

14世尊继续说：‘比丘们，于是，憍萨罗王长寿带着王后，预先就撤出了都城。比丘们，那时，迦尸王梵授就征服了憍萨罗王长寿的军队、车乘、国土、财库和仓库，加以占领。比丘们，后来，憍萨罗王长寿与妻子一起，朝着波罗奈城的方向走去。辗转来到了波罗奈城。比丘们，就在波罗奈城一个偏僻的角落，憍萨罗王长寿与妻子一起，伪装成外出行脚的陌生人，住在一个陶师家。比丘们，不久，憍萨罗王长寿的王后怀孕了。她生起了这样一种孕期的渴望：“我想在太阳升起的时候，看到排列整齐、披戴盔甲、站立在平整地面上的四兵种大军，我还想喝洗剑的水。”比丘们，于是，憍萨罗王长寿的王后对憍萨罗王长寿这样说：“大王，我怀孕了。我生起了一种孕期的渴望：我想在太阳升起的时候，看到排列整齐、披戴盔甲、站立在平整地面上的四兵种大军，还想喝洗剑的水。”憍萨罗王长寿说：“王后啊，我们这些陷入困境的人，哪里去找排列整齐、披戴盔甲、站立在平整地面上的四兵种大军，又哪里有洗剑的水可喝呢？”王后说：“大王，如果我得不到满足，我会死的。”’

Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā mahesiṃ ādāya paṭikacceva nagaramhā nippati. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghītissa kosalarañño balañca vāhanañca janapadañca kosañca koṭṭhāgārañca abhivijiya ajjhāvasati. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā sapajāpatiko yena vārāṇasī tena pakkāmi. Anupubbena yena bārāṇasī tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā sapajāpatiko bārāṇasiyaṃ aññatarasmiṃ paccantime okāse kumbhakāranivesane aññātakavesena paribbājakacchannena paṭivasati. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesī nacirasseva gabbhinī ahosi. Tassā evarūpo dohaḷo uppanno hoti – ‘‘icchati sūriyassa uggamanakāle caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ sannaddhaṃ vammikaṃ subhūme ṭhitaṃ passituṃ , khaggānañca dhovanaṃ pātuṃ’’. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesī dīghītiṃ kosalarājānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘gabbhinīmhi, deva. Tassā me evarūpo dohaḷo uppanno – icchāmi sūriyassa uggamanakāle caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ sannaddhaṃ vammikaṃ subhūme ṭhitaṃ passituṃ, khaggānañca dhovanaṃ pātu’’nti. ‘‘Kuto, devi, amhākaṃ duggatānaṃ caturaṅginī senā sannaddhā vammikā subhūme ṭhitā, khaggānañca dhovanaṃ pātu’’nti ‘‘sacāhaṃ, deva, na labhissāmi, marissāmī’’ti.

459世尊继续说：‘比丘们，那时候，迦尸王梵授的国师婆罗门，与憍萨罗王长寿是朋友。比丘们，于是，憍萨罗王长寿来到迦尸王梵授的国师婆罗门那里，到了之后，对迦尸王梵授的国师婆罗门这样说：“朋友，我的爱妻怀孕了。她生起了这样一种孕期的渴望：她想在太阳升起的时候，看到排列整齐、披戴盔甲、站立在平整地面上的四兵种大军，还想喝洗剑的水。”国师婆罗门说：“那么，大王，我们也去看望一下王后吧。”比丘们，于是，憍萨罗王长寿的王后，来到了迦尸王梵授的国师婆罗门那里。比丘们，迦尸王梵授的国师婆罗门，远远地看到憍萨罗王长寿的王后走过来，看到以后，便从座位上起身，把上衣搭在一肩，向着憍萨罗王长寿的王后合掌致敬，并三次发出感叹说：“憍萨罗王确实在胎中！憍萨罗王确实在胎中！”婆罗门接着说：“王后，您应该高兴，您将能够在太阳升起的时候，看到排列整齐、披戴盔甲、站立在平整地面上的四兵种大军，并且喝到洗剑的水。”’

Tena kho pana samayena, brahmadattassa kāsirañño purohito brāhmaṇo dīghītissa kosalarañño sahāyo hoti . Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā yena brahmadattassa kāsirañño purohito brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā brahmadattassa kāsirañño purohitaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sakhī te, samma, gabbhinī. Tassā evarūpo dohaḷo uppanno – icchati sūriyassa uggamanakāle caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ sannaddhaṃ vammikaṃ subhūme ṭhitaṃ passituṃ, khaggānañca dhovanaṃ pātu’’nti. ‘‘Tena hi, deva, mayampi deviṃ passāmā’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesī yena brahmadattassa kāsirañño purohito brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho, bhikkhave, brahmadattassa kāsirañño purohito brāhmaṇo dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesiṃ dūratova āgacchantiṃ, disvāna uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesī tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā tikkhattuṃ udānaṃ udānesi – ‘‘kosalarājā vata bho kucchigato, kosalarājā vata bho kucchigato’’ti. Attamanā , devi, hohi. Lacchasi sūriyassa uggamanakāle caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ sannaddhaṃ vammikaṃ subhūme ṭhitaṃ passituṃ, khaggānañca dhovanaṃ pātunti.

16世尊继续说：‘比丘们，于是，迦尸王梵授的国师婆罗门，来到迦尸王梵授那里，到了之后，对迦尸王梵授这样说：“大王，出现的预兆表明，明天日出时，应该让四兵种大军排列整齐、披戴盔甲、站立在平整地面上，并且清洗宝剑。”比丘们，于是，迦尸王梵授就命令众人说：“喂，就按照国师婆罗门所说的去做。”比丘们，于是，憍萨罗王长寿的王后，果然在太阳升起的时候，看到了排列整齐、披戴盔甲、站立在平整地面上的四兵种大军，并且喝到了洗剑的水。比丘们，后来，憍萨罗王长寿的王后，在胎儿足月之后，生下了一个儿子。他们给他取名为长膝。比丘们，长膝王子不久之后，就长大成人了。比丘们，那时，憍萨罗王长寿心想：“这位迦尸王梵授，对我们造成了极大的伤害，他夺走了我们的军队、车乘、国土、财库和仓库。如果让他知道了我们，一定会把我们三个都杀掉。不如我把长膝王子安置在城外住吧。”比丘们，于是，憍萨罗王长寿就把长膝王子安置在城外住。比丘们，长膝王子住在城外，不久就精通了所有的技艺。’

Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadattassa kāsirañño purohito brāhmaṇo yena brahmadatto kāsirājā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā brahmadattaṃ kāsirājānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tathā, deva, nimittāni dissanti, sve sūriyuggamanakāle caturaṅginī senā sannaddhā vammikā subhūme tiṭṭhatu, khaggā ca dhoviyantū’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā manusse āṇāpesi – ‘‘yathā, bhaṇe, purohito brāhmaṇo āha tathā karothā’’ti. Alabhi kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesī sūriyassa uggamanakāle caturaṅginiṃ senaṃ sannaddhaṃ vammikaṃ subhūme ṭhitaṃ passituṃ, khaggānañca dhovanaṃ pātuṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño mahesī tassa gabbhassa paripākamanvāya puttaṃ vijāyi. Tassa dīghāvūti nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro nacirasseva viññutaṃ pāpuṇi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho brahmadatto kāsirājā bahuno amhākaṃ anatthassa kārako, iminā amhākaṃ balañca vāhanañca janapado ca koso ca koṭṭhāgārañca acchinnaṃ, sacāyaṃ amhe jānissati, sabbeva tayo ghātāpessati, yaṃnūnāhaṃ dīghāvuṃ kumāraṃ bahinagare vāseyya’’nti. Atha kho bhikkhave dīghīti kosalarājā dīghāvuṃ kumāraṃ bahinagare vāsesi. Atha kho bhikkhave dīghāvu kumāro bahinagare paṭivasanto nacirasseva sabbasippāni sikkhi.

460那时，憍萨罗王长寿的理发师住在迦尸王梵授那里。

Tena kho pana samayena dīghītissa kosalarañño kappako brahmadatte kāsiraññe paṭivasati. Addasā kho, bhikkhave, dīghītissa kosalarañño kappako dīghītiṃ kosalarājānaṃ sapajāpatikaṃ bārāṇasiyaṃ aññatarasmiṃ paccantime okāse kumbhakāranivesane aññātakavesena paribbājakacchannena paṭivasantaṃ, disvāna yena brahmadatto kāsirājā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā brahmadattaṃ kāsirājānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘dīghīti, deva, kosalarājā sapajāpatiko bārāṇasiyaṃ aññatarasmiṃ paccantime okāse kumbhakāranivesane aññātakavesena paribbājakacchannena paṭivasatī’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā manusse āṇāpesi – ‘‘tena hi, bhaṇe, dīghītiṃ kosalarājānaṃ sapajāpatikaṃ ānethā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, devā’’ti kho, bhikkhave, te manussā brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā dīghītiṃ kosalarājānaṃ sapajāpatikaṃ ānesuṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā manusse āṇāpesi – ‘‘tena hi, bhaṇe, dīghītiṃ kosalarājānaṃ sapajāpatikaṃ daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṃ gāḷhabandhanaṃ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṃ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathikāya rathikaṃ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṃ parinetvā dakkhiṇena dvārena nikkhāmetvā dakkhiṇato nagarassa catudhā chinditvā catuddisā bilāni nikkhipathā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, devā’’ti kho, bhikkhave, te manussā brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā dīghītiṃ kosalarājānaṃ sapajāpatikaṃ daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṃ gāḷhabandhanaṃ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṃ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathikāya rathikaṃ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṃ parinenti.

18比丘们，那时，长寿王子心里想：'我已经很久没见到父母了，我现在应该去看看父母。'比丘们，于是长寿王子进入波罗奈城，看见父母被结实的绳子反绑双手、牢牢捆紧，剃光头发，在刺耳的锣鼓声中从一条街到另一条街，从一个十字路口到另一个十字路口地被游街示众。看见后，他就走近父母。比丘们，长膝王远远看见长寿王子走来，看见后，就对长寿王子说了这些话：'孩子长寿啊，你不要看远的，不要看近的。孩子长寿啊，仇恨从来不能靠仇恨来平息；孩子长寿啊，只有不仇恨，才能让仇恨平息。'比丘们，听了这话，那些人对长膝王说：'这个长膝王疯了，在胡言乱语。他是谁的长寿？他这是在叫谁呢——“孩子长寿啊，你不要看远的，不要看近的。孩子长寿啊，仇恨从来不能靠仇恨来平息；孩子长寿啊，只有不仇恨，才能让仇恨平息”？'长膝王说：'喂，我没有疯，也没有胡言乱语。有智慧的人会明白的。'比丘们，第二次……乃至……比丘们，第三次，长膝王又对长寿王子说了这些：'孩子长寿啊，你不要看远的，不要看近的。孩子长寿啊，仇恨从来不能靠仇恨来平息；孩子长寿啊，只有不仇恨，才能让仇恨平息。'比丘们，第三次，那些人又对长膝王说：'这个长膝王疯了，在胡言乱语。他是谁的长寿？他这是在叫谁呢——“孩子长寿啊，你不要看远的，不要看近的。孩子长寿啊，仇恨从来不能靠仇恨来平息；孩子长寿啊，只有不仇恨，才能让仇恨平息”？'长膝王说：'喂，我没有疯，也没有胡言乱语。有智慧的人会明白的。'比丘们，那些人把长膝王和王后从一条街到另一条街，从一个十字路口到另一个十字路口游行完后，从南门带出去，在城南方把他们砍成四块，把尸块分别丢在四方，安排了一队守卫后，就离开了。比丘们，那时，长寿王子进入波罗奈城，带出了酒，给那些守卫喝。等到他们喝醉了，倒在地上，他就收集木柴，搭起一个火葬堆，把父母的遗体放到火葬堆上，点燃了火，然后双手合十，顺时针绕着火葬堆走了三圈。

Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi – ‘‘ciraṃdiṭṭhā kho me mātāpitaro. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ mātāpitaro passeyya’’nti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro bārāṇasiṃ pavisitvā addasa mātāpitaro daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṃ gāḷhabandhanaṃ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṃ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathikāya rathikaṃ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṃ parinente, disvāna yena mātāpitaro tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā dīghāvuṃ kumāraṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ; disvāna dīghāvuṃ kumāraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā kho tvaṃ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṃ passa, mā rassaṃ. Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti; averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, bhikkhave, te manussā dīghītiṃ kosalarājānaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘ummattako ayaṃ dīghīti kosalarājā vippalapati. Ko imassa dīghāvu? Kaṃ ayaṃ evamāha – ‘mā kho tvaṃ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṃ passa, mā rassaṃ. Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti; averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī’’ti. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhaṇe, ummattako vippalapāmi, api ca yo viññū so vibhāvessatī’’ti. Dutiyampi kho, bhikkhave…pe… tatiyampi kho, bhikkhave, dīghīti kosalarājā dīghāvuṃ kumāraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā kho tvaṃ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṃ passa, mā rassaṃ. Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti; averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī’’ti. Tatiyampi kho, bhikkhave, te manussā dīghītiṃ kosalarājānaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘ummattako ayaṃ dīghīti kosalarājā vippalapati. Ko imassa dīghāvu ? Kaṃ ayaṃ evamāha – mā kho tvaṃ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṃ passa, mā rassaṃ. Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti; averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī’’ti. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhaṇe, ummattako vippalapāmi, api ca yo viññū so vibhāvessatī’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, te manussā dīghītiṃ kosalarājānaṃ sapajāpatikaṃ rathikāya rathikaṃ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṃ parinetvā dakkhiṇena dvārena nikkhāmetvā dakkhiṇato nagarassa catudhā chinditvā catuddisā bilāni nikkhipitvā gumbaṃ ṭhapetvā pakkamiṃsu. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro bārāṇasiṃ pavisitvā suraṃ nīharitvā gumbiye pāyesi. Yadā te mattā ahesuṃ patitā, atha kaṭṭhāni saṃkaḍḍhitvā citakaṃ karitvā mātāpitūnaṃ sarīraṃ citakaṃ āropetvā aggiṃ datvā pañjaliko tikkhattuṃ citakaṃ padakkhiṇaṃ akāsi.

461那时候，迦尸国的梵授王正在宫殿顶层的精舍上。比丘们，梵授王看见长寿王子双手合十，正顺时针绕着火葬堆走三圈。看见后，他心里想：'这个人毫无疑问一定是长膝王的亲戚或同族。唉，这会对我不利啊！竟然没有一个人来报告我。'比丘们，然后，长寿王子走到森林里，尽情地大哭了一场，擦干眼泪，进入波罗奈城，来到王宫附近的一个象棚，对象师说了这些话：'师父，我想学习这门技艺。'象师说：'那么，喂，年轻人，你就学吧。'比丘们，于是，长寿王子在凌晨后夜时分起床，在象棚里用悦耳的嗓音唱歌，并且弹奏琴。比丘们，迦尸国的梵授王在凌晨后夜时分起了床，听到象棚里传来用悦耳嗓音唱的歌声和弹奏的琴声。听到后，就问人们：'喂，是谁在凌晨后夜时分起床，在象棚里用悦耳的嗓音唱歌，还弹奏琴？'人们回答：'大王，是某某象师的一个徒弟，那个年轻人，在凌晨后夜时分起床，在象棚里用悦耳的嗓音唱歌，弹奏琴。'梵授王说：'那么，喂，你们去把那个年轻人带来。'比丘们，那些人回答迦尸国的梵授王说：'是的，大王。'于是把长寿王子带了来。梵授王问：'喂，年轻人，是你在凌晨后夜时分起床，在象棚里用悦耳的嗓音唱歌，还弹奏琴的吗？'长寿王子回答：'是的，大王。'梵授王说：'那么，喂，年轻人，你唱吧，弹琴吧。'比丘们，长寿王子回答迦尸国的梵授王说：'是的，大王。'他怀着被赏识的期望，用悦耳的嗓音唱起了歌，弹起了琴。梵授王说：'喂，年轻人，你来侍奉我吧。'比丘们，长寿王子回答迦尸国的梵授王说：'是的，大王。'比丘们，于是，长寿王子就成了比梵授王早起、比梵授王晚睡、听从吩咐、做事讨人喜欢、说话和悦的人。比丘们，没过多久，迦尸国的梵授王就把长寿王子安置在了身边亲近而深受信任的位置上。

Tena kho pana samayena brahmadatto kāsirājā uparipāsādavaragato hoti. Addasā kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvuṃ kumāraṃ pañjalikaṃ tikkhattuṃ citakaṃ padakkhiṇaṃ karontaṃ, disvānassa etadahosi – ‘‘nissaṃsayaṃ kho so manusso dīghītissa kosalarañño ñāti vā sālohito vā, aho me anatthato, na hi nāma me koci ārocessatī’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro araññaṃ gantvā yāvadatthaṃ kanditvā roditvā khappaṃ puñchitvā bārāṇasiṃ pavisitvā antepurassa sāmantā hatthisālaṃ gantvā hatthācariyaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, ācariya, sippaṃ sikkhitu’’nti. ‘‘Tena hi, bhaṇe māṇavaka, sikkhassū’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya hatthisālāyaṃ mañjunā sarena gāyi, vīṇañca vādesi. Assosi kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya hatthisālāyaṃ mañjunā sarena gītaṃ vīṇañca vāditaṃ, sutvāna manusse pucchi – ‘‘ko, bhaṇe, rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya hatthisālāyaṃ mañjunā sarena gāyi, vīṇañca vādesī’’ti? ‘‘Amukassa, deva, hatthācariyassa antevāsī māṇavako rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya hatthisālāyaṃ mañjunā sarena gāyi, vīṇañca vādesī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bhaṇe, taṃ māṇavakaṃ ānethā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, devā’’ti kho, bhikkhave, te manussā brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā dīghāvuṃ kumāraṃ ānesuṃ. ‘‘Tvaṃ bhaṇe māṇavaka, rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya hatthisālāyaṃ mañjunā sarena gāyi, vīṇañca vādesī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, devā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, bhaṇe māṇavaka, gāyassu, vīṇañca vādehī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, devā’’ti kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā ārādhāpekkho mañjunā sarena gāyi , vīṇañca vādesi. ‘‘Tvaṃ, bhaṇe māṇavaka, maṃ upaṭṭhahā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, devā’’ti kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattassa kāsirañño paccassosi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattassa kāsirañño pubbuṭṭhāyī ahosi pacchānipātī kiṅkārapaṭissāvī manāpacārī piyavādī. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvuṃ kumāraṃ nacirasseva abbhantarime vissāsikaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi.

462比丘们，有一次，迦尸国的梵授王对长寿王子说：'那么，喂，年轻人，准备好车，我们要去打猎了。'比丘们，长寿王子回答迦尸国的梵授王说：'是的，大王。'准备好车后，对梵授王说：'大王，车子已经备好了，现在是出发的时候了。'比丘们，于是，迦尸国的梵授王登上了车。长寿王子驾着车，驾着车走的方向，让大部队往一个方向走，而车子则往另一个方向走。比丘们，走了很远之后，迦尸国的梵授王对长寿王子说：'喂，年轻人，把车松开吧，我累了，要躺下休息一下。'比丘们，长寿王子回答迦尸国的梵授王说：'是的，大王。'于是卸下马车，自己在空地上盘腿坐下。比丘们，迦尸国的梵授王把头枕在长寿王子的大腿上，躺下休息。他因为疲惫，不一会儿就睡着了。比丘们，那时，长寿王子心里想：'这个迦尸国的梵授王，给我们造成了极大的伤害。他用武力夺取了我们的军队、车乘、国土、财库和粮仓，又杀害了我的父母。现在正是我报仇雪恨的时候了！'于是他从剑鞘里拔出了剑。比丘们，随即长寿王子又这样想：'父亲临死前对我说过：“孩子长寿啊，你不要看远的，不要看近的。孩子长寿啊，仇恨从来不能靠仇恨来平息；孩子长寿啊，只有不仇恨，才能让仇恨平息。”我如果违背父亲的话，那是不应该的。'于是他把剑又插回了剑鞘。比丘们，第二次，长寿王子心里又想：'这个迦尸国的梵授王，给我们造成了极大的伤害……现在正是我报仇雪恨的时候了！'他又从剑鞘里拔出了剑。比丘们，第二次，长寿王子随即又这样想：'父亲临死前对我说过……我如果违背父亲的话，那是不应该的。'他又把剑插回了剑鞘。比丘们，第三次，长寿王子心里又想：'这个迦尸国的梵授王，给我们造成了极大的伤害……现在正是我报仇雪恨的时候了！'他又从剑鞘里拔出了剑。比丘们，第三次，长寿王子随即又这样想：'父亲临死前对我说过：“孩子长寿啊，你不要看远的，不要看近的。孩子长寿啊，仇恨从来不能靠仇恨来平息；孩子长寿啊，只有不仇恨，才能让仇恨平息。”我如果违背父亲的话，那是不应该的。'他终于又把剑插回了剑鞘。比丘们，这时，迦尸国的梵授王因为害怕、惊慌、疑惧、恐怖，一下子惊醒了。比丘们，长寿王子对梵授王说：'大王，你为什么害怕、惊慌、疑惧、恐怖，一下子惊醒了呢？'梵授王说：'喂，年轻人，我梦见长膝王的儿子长寿王子拿着剑要杀我。所以我害怕、惊慌、疑惧、恐怖，一下子惊醒了。'比丘们，那时，长寿王子用左手抓住迦尸国梵授王的头，用右手拔出剑，对梵授王说：'大王，我就是那个长膝王的儿子长寿王子。你给我们造成了极大的伤害。你用武力夺取了我们的军队、车乘、国土、财库和粮仓，又杀害了我的父母。现在正是我报仇雪恨的时候了！'比丘们，迦尸国的梵授王立刻把头伏在长寿王子的脚上，对长寿王子说：'孩子长寿啊，饶我一命吧！孩子长寿啊，饶我一命吧！'长寿王子说：'我怎么敢说饶大王的命呢？应该是大王饶我的命才对。'梵授王说：'那么，孩子长寿，这样吧，你饶我一命，我也饶你一命。'比丘们，于是，迦尸国的梵授王和长寿王子互相饶了对方的命，互相握住手，并立下盟誓，保证永不背弃。

Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvuṃ kumāraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tena hi, bhaṇe māṇavaka, rathaṃ yojehi, migavaṃ gamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, devā’’ti kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā rathaṃ yojetvā brahmadattaṃ kāsirājānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yutto kho te, deva, ratho, yassa dāni kālaṃ maññasī’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā rathaṃ abhiruhi. Dīghāvu kumāro rathaṃ pesesi. Tathā tathā rathaṃ pesesi yathā yathā aññeneva senā agamāsi aññeneva ratho. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dūraṃ gantvā dīghāvuṃ kumāraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tena hi, bhaṇe māṇavaka, rathaṃ muñcassu, kilantomhi, nipajjissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, devā’’ti kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā rathaṃ muñcitvā pathaviyaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvussa kumārassa ucchaṅge sīsaṃ katvā seyyaṃ kappesi. Tassa kilantassa muhuttakeneva niddā okkami. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho brahmadatto kāsirājā bahuno amhākaṃ anatthassa kārako. Iminā amhākaṃ balañca vāhanañca janapado ca koso ca koṭṭhāgārañca acchinnaṃ. Iminā ca me mātāpitaro hatā. Ayaṃ khvassa kālo yohaṃ veraṃ appeyya’’nti kosiyā khaggaṃ nibbāhi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi – ‘‘pitā kho maṃ maraṇakāle avaca ‘mā kho tvaṃ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṃ passa, mā rassaṃ. Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti; averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī’ti. Na kho metaṃ patirūpaṃ , yvāhaṃ pituvacanaṃ atikkameyya’’nti kosiyā khaggaṃ pavesesi. Dutiyampi kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho brahmadatto kāsirājā bahuno amhākaṃ anatthassa kārako, imino amhākaṃ balañca vāhanañca janapado ca koso ca koṭṭhāgārañca acchinnaṃ, iminā ca me mātāpitaro hatā, ayaṃ khvassa kālo yohaṃ veraṃ appeyya’’nti kosiyā khaggaṃ nibbāhi. Dutiyampi kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi – ‘‘pitā kho maṃ maraṇakāle avaca ‘mā kho tvaṃ tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṃ passa, mā rassaṃ, na hi tāta dīghāvu verena verā sammanti; averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī’ti. Na kho metaṃ patirūpaṃ, yvāhaṃ pituvacanaṃ atikkameyya’’nti. Punadeva kosiyā khaggaṃ pavesesi. Tatiyampi kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho brahmadatto kāsirājā bahuno amhākaṃ anatthassa kārako. Iminā amhākaṃ balañca vāhanañca janapado ca koso ca koṭṭhāgārañca acchinnaṃ. Iminā ca me mātāpitaro hatā. Ayaṃ khvassa kālo yohaṃ veraṃ appeyya’’nti kosiyā khaggaṃ nibbāhi. Tatiyampi kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvussa kumārassa etadahosi – ‘‘pitā kho maṃ maraṇakāle avaca ‘mā kho tvaṃ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṃ passa, mā rassaṃ. Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti; averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī’ti. Na kho metaṃ patirūpaṃ, yvāhaṃ pituvacanaṃ atikkameyya’’’nti punadeva kosiyā khaggaṃ pavesesi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā bhīto ubbiggo ussaṅkī utrasto sahasā vuṭṭhāsi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattaṃ kāsirājānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kissa tvaṃ , deva, bhīto ubbiggo ussaṅkī utrasto sahasā vuṭṭhāsī’’ti? Idha maṃ, bhaṇe māṇavaka, dīghītissa kosalarañño putto dīghāvu kumāro supinantena khaggena paripātesi. Tenāhaṃ bhīto ubbiggo ussaṅkī utrasto sahasā vuṭṭhāsinti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro vāmena hatthena brahmadattassa kāsirañño sīsaṃ parāmasitvā dakkhiṇena hatthena khaggaṃ nibbāhetvā brahmadattaṃ kāsirājānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ahaṃ kho so, deva, dīghītissa kosalarañño putto dīghāvu kumāro. Bahuno tvaṃ amhākaṃ anatthassa kārako. Tayā amhākaṃ balañca vāhanañca janapado ca koso ca koṭṭhāgārañca acchinnaṃ. Tayā ca me mātāpitaro hatā. Ayaṃ khvassa kālo yvāhaṃ veraṃ appeyya’’nti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvussa kumārassa pādesu sirasā nipatitvā dīghāvuṃ kumāraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘jīvitaṃ me, tāta dīghāvu, dehi. Jīvitaṃ me, tāta dīghāvu, dehī’’ti. ‘‘Kyāhaṃ ussahāmi devassa jīvitaṃ dātuṃ ? Devo kho me jīvitaṃ dadeyyā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, tāta dīghāvu, tvañceva me jīvitaṃ dehi, ahañca te jīvitaṃ dammī’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto ca kāsirājā dīghāvu ca kumāro aññamaññassa jīvitaṃ adaṃsu, pāṇiñca aggahesuṃ, sapathañca akaṃsu addūbhāya .

21比丘们，于是，迦尸国的梵授王对长寿王子说：'那么，孩子长寿，备好车，我们回去吧。'比丘们，长寿王子回答迦尸国的梵授王说：'是的，大王。'准备好车后，对梵授王说：'大王，车子已经备好了，现在是出发的时候了。'比丘们，迦尸国的梵授王登上了车，长寿王子驾着车，这样驾着车走，很快就和大部队会合了。比丘们，迦尸国的梵授王进入波罗奈城后，召集大臣和侍从们，对他们说：'喂，如果你们看到长膝王的儿子长寿王子，会怎么处置他？'有些人这样说：'大王，我们会砍掉他的手。大王，我们会砍掉他的脚。大王，我们会砍掉他的手脚。大王，我们会割掉他的耳朵。大王，我们会割掉他的鼻子。大王，我们会割掉他的耳朵和鼻子。大王，我们会砍掉他的头！'梵授王说：'喂，这个人就是长膝王的儿子长寿王子。你们不能对他有任何伤害。他饶了我的命，我也饶了他的命。'

Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvuṃ kumāraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tena hi, tāta dīghāvu, rathaṃ yojehi , gamissāmā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, devā’’ti kho, bhikkhave, dīghāvu kumāro brahmadattassa kāsirañño paṭissutvā rathaṃ yojetvā brahmadattaṃ kāsirājānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yutto kho te, deva, ratho, yassa dāni kālaṃ maññasī’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā rathaṃ abhiruhi. Dīghāvu kumāro rathaṃ pesesi. Tathā tathā rathaṃ pesesi yathā yathā nacirasseva senāya samāgañchi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā bārāṇasiṃ pavisitvā amacce pārisajje sannipātāpetvā etadavoca – ‘‘sace, bhaṇe, dīghītissa kosalarañño puttaṃ dīghāvuṃ kumāraṃ passeyyātha, kinti naṃ kareyyāthā’’ti? Ekacce evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘mayaṃ, deva, hatthe chindeyyāma. Mayaṃ, deva, pāde chindeyyāma. Mayaṃ, deva, hatthapāde chindeyyāma. Mayaṃ, deva, kaṇṇe chindeyyāma. Mayaṃ, deva, nāsaṃ chindeyyāma. Mayaṃ, deva, kaṇṇanāsaṃ chindeyyāma. Mayaṃ, deva, sīsaṃ chindeyyāmā’’ti. ‘‘Ayaṃ kho, bhaṇe, dīghītissa kosalarañño putto dīghāvu kumāro. Nāyaṃ labbhā kiñci kātuṃ. Iminā ca me jīvitaṃ dinnaṃ, mayā ca imassa jīvitaṃ dinna’’nti.

463比丘们，于是，迦尸国的梵授王对长寿王子说：'孩子长寿啊，你父亲临死前对你说：“孩子长寿啊，你不要看远的，不要看近的。孩子长寿啊，仇恨从来不能靠仇恨来平息；孩子长寿啊，只有不仇恨，才能让仇恨平息。”你父亲这话指的是什么呢？'长寿王子说：'大王，我父亲临死前对我说“不要看远的”，意思是不要让仇恨延续太久。大王，这就是我父亲临死前对我说的“不要看远的”的含义。大王，我父亲临死前对我说“不要看近的”，意思是不要很快地和朋友们决裂。大王，这就是我父亲临死前对我说的“不要看近的”的含义。大王，我父亲临死前对我说“孩子长寿啊，仇恨从来不能靠仇恨来平息；孩子长寿啊，只有不仇恨，才能让仇恨平息”的意思是：您杀害了我的父母，如果我当时把大王您给杀了，那些希望您好的人就会把我杀掉，而那些希望我好的人又会把那些人杀掉——这样，这个仇恨就没法用仇恨来平息了。但现在，大王饶了我的命，我也饶了大王的命。这样一来，这个仇恨不用仇恨就平息了。大王，这就是我父亲临死前对我说“孩子长寿啊，仇恨从来不能靠仇恨来平息；孩子长寿啊，只有不仇恨，才能让仇恨平息”的含义。'比丘们，迦尸国的梵授王惊叹道：'真是稀有啊！真是不可思议啊！这位长寿王子是多么的聪明啊！他竟然能如此详尽地理解他父亲那简短话语的深义！'于是就把属于他父亲的军队、车乘、国土、财库和粮仓都归还给了他，并且把自己的女儿嫁给了他。比丘们，连那些手拿刑杖、手持武器的国王们，都能有这样的忍辱和温和的修养。比丘们，如今，你们在这个如此善说的法和律中出家了，成为修行者，更应该具备忍辱与温和的品质，这才光彩啊！'世尊第三次对那些比丘们说：'够了，比丘们，不要争吵，不要斗嘴，不要纷争，不要辩论了！'第三次，那位说非法之言的比丘还是对世尊这样说：'尊者，请您等等吧，世尊，您是法主；请您，尊者，世尊，不要操心，安住于现世安乐的境界中吧。这些争吵、斗嘴、纷争、辩论的事情，我们自己会了结的。'比丘们，这时世尊心里想：'这些愚痴的人已经被蒙蔽了心智，看来是很难让他们明白了。'于是从座位上站起来，离开了。

Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā dīghāvuṃ kumāraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yaṃ kho te, tāta dīghāvu, pitā maraṇakāle avaca ‘mā kho tvaṃ, tāta dīghāvu, dīghaṃ passa, mā rassaṃ. Na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti; averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī’ti, kiṃ te pitā sandhāya avacā’’ti? ‘‘Yaṃ kho me , deva, pitā maraṇakāle avaca ‘mā dīgha’nti mā ciraṃ veraṃ akāsīti. Imaṃ kho me, deva, pitā maraṇakāle avaca mā dīghanti. Yaṃ kho me, deva, pitā maraṇakāle avaca ‘mā rassa’nti mā khippaṃ mittehi bhijjitthā’’ti. Imaṃ kho me, deva, pitā maraṇakāle avaca mā rassanti. Yaṃ kho me, deva, pitā maraṇakāle avaca ‘‘na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti, averena hi, tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī’’ti devena me mātāpitaro hatāti. Sacāhaṃ devaṃ jīvitā voropeyyaṃ, ye devassa atthakāmā te maṃ jīvitā voropeyyuṃ, ye me atthakāmā te te jīvitā voropeyyuṃ – evaṃ taṃ veraṃ verena na vūpasameyya. Idāni ca pana me devena jīvitaṃ dinnaṃ, mayā ca devassa jīvitaṃ dinnaṃ. Evaṃ taṃ veraṃ averena vūpasantaṃ. Imaṃ kho me, deva, pitā maraṇakāle avaca – na hi, tāta dīghāvu, verena verā sammanti; averena hi , tāta dīghāvu, verā sammantī’’ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, brahmadatto kāsirājā – ‘‘acchariyaṃ vata bho! Abbhutaṃ vata bho! Yāva paṇḍito ayaṃ dīghāvu kumāro, yatra hi nāma pituno saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ ājānissatī’’ti pettikaṃ balañca vāhanañca janapadañca kosañca koṭṭhāgārañca paṭipādesi, dhītarañca adāsi. Tesañhi nāma, bhikkhave, rājūnaṃ ādinnadaṇḍānaṃ ādinnasatthānaṃ evarūpaṃ khantisoraccaṃ bhavissati. Idha kho pana taṃ, bhikkhave , sobhetha yaṃ tumhe evaṃ svākkhāte dhammavinaye pabbajitā samānā khamā ca bhaveyyātha soratā cāti? Tatiyampi kho bhagavā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘alaṃ, bhikkhave, mā bhaṇḍanaṃ mā kalahaṃ mā viggahaṃ mā vivāda’’nti. Tatiyampi kho so adhammavādī bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āgametu, bhante, bhagavā dhammassāmī; appossukko, bhante, bhagavā diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāramanuyutto viharatu. Mayametena bhaṇḍanena kalahena viggahena vivādena paññāyissāmā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā – pariyādinnarūpā kho ime moghapurisā, nayime sukarā saññāpetunti – uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.

27长寿诵品第一完

Dīghāvubhāṇavāro niṭṭhito paṭhamo.

464世尊在上午，穿好下衣，拿了钵和僧衣，进入憍赏弥城去托钵乞食。在憍赏弥城乞食回来后，用完斋，收拾好住所，拿着钵和僧衣，站在僧团中，说了这些偈颂：

Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya kosambiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Kosambiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya saṅghamajjhe ṭhitakova imā gāthāyo abhāsi –

24“众人喧嚷，随波逐流，没有一个愚人能自知；

‘‘Puthusaddo samajano, na bālo koci maññatha;

25在僧团正在分裂时，他们没有觉得还有别的什么比这更严重。

Saṅghasmiṃ bhijjamānasmiṃ, nāññaṃ bhiyyo amaññaruṃ.

26迷失的人是那些口若悬河、高谈阔论之辈；他们随心所欲地张嘴，却不知道被自己的话带向了何方。

‘‘Parimuṭṭhā paṇḍitābhāsā, vācāgocarabhāṇino;

27迷失的人是那些讲话像智者一样、擅长言辞的人，他们放纵地张着嘴巴，却不知道自己被带到了什么境地。

Yāvicchanti mukhāyāmaṃ, yena nītā na taṃ vidū.

28有人骂了我、打了我、击败了我、夺走了我的东西；对于这些事，如果一直耿耿于怀，那种怨恨是平息不了的。

‘‘Akkocchi maṃ avadhi maṃ, ajini maṃ ahāsi me;

29若人对此怀恨，怨恨便不会平息。

Ye ca taṃ upanayhanti, veraṃ tesaṃ na sammati.

30有人骂了我、打了我、击败了我、夺走了我的东西；对于这些事，如果一直耿耿于怀，那种怨恨是平息不了的。

‘‘Akkocchi maṃ avadhi maṃ, ajini maṃ ahāsi me;

31有人骂了我、打了我、击败了我、夺走了我的东西；对于这些事，如果不耿耿于怀，那种怨恨就会平息下来。

Ye ca taṃ nupanayhanti, veraṃ tesūpasammati.

32因为在这个世间，怨恨无论如何都无法用怨恨来平息；只有不用怨恨，才能平息怨恨，这是永恒不变的道理。

‘‘Na hi verena verāni, sammantīdha kudācanaṃ;

33以无怨恨而平息，这是自古以来的法则。

Averena ca sammanti, esadhammo sanantano.

34别人不了解，我们在这里克制自己；

‘‘Pare ca na vijānanti, mayamettha yamāmase;

35而那些在此了解的人，纷争就由此平息。

Ye ca tattha vijānanti, tato sammanti medhagā.

36那些断人骨、夺人命，偷牛马与财物的人，

‘‘Aṭṭhicchinnā pāṇaharā, gavāssadhanahārino;

37那些掠夺国家的人，他们尚且也能达成和合。

Raṭṭhaṃ vilumpamānānaṃ, tesampi hoti saṅgati.

38为何你们就不能呢？

‘‘Kasmā tumhāka no siyā;

39如果找到一位明智的同伴，

‘‘Sace labhetha nipakaṃ sahāyaṃ;

40与他同行、安住、坚定的人——

Saddhiṃcaraṃ sādhuvihāri dhīraṃ;

41他克服了一切危险，

Abhibhuyya sabbāni parissayāni;

42满怀喜悦、具足正念地度日。

Careyya tenattamano satīmā.

43若不能寻得一位睿智的同伴，

‘‘No ce labhetha nipakaṃ sahāyaṃ;

44一位同行共住、安稳度日的智者，

Saddhiṃ caraṃ sādhuvihāri dhīraṃ;

45那么，就像一位国王放弃他已征服的国土，

Rājāva raṭṭhaṃ vijitaṃ pahāya;

46应当独自生活，如同森林中的一头野象。

Eko care mātaṅgaraññeva nāgo.

47单独行路更好，

‘‘Ekassa caritaṃ seyyo;

48与愚者，谈不上真正的同伴。

Natthi bāle sahāyatā;

49独自行走，不应作恶；少欲无求，犹如一头林中的大象。”

Eko care na ca pāpāni kayirā;

50少欲如林中独象。」

Appossukko mātaṅgaraññeva nāgo’’ti.

56长寿事完

Dīghāvuvatthu niṭṭhitaṃ.

57273. 巴拉咖罗纳咖前往论

273. Bālakaloṇakagamanakathā

465那时，世尊在僧团中站着说了这些偈颂后，便往巴拉卡罗纳卡村的方向走去。当时，婆古尊者住在巴拉卡罗纳卡村。婆古尊者远远地看见世尊走过来，便铺好座位，准备了洗脚水、脚凳和擦脚布，迎上前去，接过了世尊的衣钵。世尊在铺好的座位上坐下，坐下后便洗了脚。婆古尊者礼敬世尊后，坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的婆古尊者说：“比丘，怎么样，还能忍耐吗？还能维持吗？托钵乞食不感到疲惫吗？”婆古尊者回答：“能忍耐，世尊，能维持，世尊；尊者，我托钵乞食并不感到疲惫。”接着，世尊以法谈教导、劝勉、激励、令婆古尊者欢喜后，从座起身，往东竹林的方向走去。

Atha kho bhagavā saṅghamajjhe ṭhitakova imā gāthāyo bhāsitvā yena bālakaloṇakagāmo tenupasaṅkami. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā bhagu bālakaloṇakagāme viharati. Addasā kho āyasmā bhagu bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ, disvāna āsanaṃ paññapesi, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipi, paccuggantvā pattacīvaraṃ paṭiggahesi. Nisīdi bhagavā paññatte āsane, nisajja kho bhagavā pāde pakkhālesi. Āyasmāpi kho bhagu bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ bhaguṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘kacci, bhikkhu, khamanīyaṃ; kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci piṇḍakena na kilamasī’’ti? ‘‘Khamanīyaṃ, bhagavā, yāpanīyaṃ, bhagavā; na cāhaṃ, bhante, piṇḍakena kilamāmī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantaṃ bhaguṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā yena pācīnavaṃsadāyo tenupasaṅkami.

59巴拉咖罗纳咖前往论完

Bālakaloṇakagamanakathā niṭṭhitā.

60274. 东竹园前往论

274. Pācīnavaṃsadāyagamanakathā

466那时，阿那律尊者、难迪亚尊者和金比拉尊者正住在东竹林中。守林人远远地看见世尊走过来，便对世尊说：“沙门，不要进这个林子。这里住着三位善男子，他们正自得其乐。不要去打扰他们。”阿那律尊者听到了守林人和世尊的对话，便对守林人说：“朋友守林人，不要阻拦世尊。我们的大师世尊来了。”于是，阿那律尊者去到难迪亚尊者和金比拉尊者那里，对他们说：“来吧，尊者！来吧，尊者！我们的大师世尊来了。”随后，阿那律尊者、难迪亚尊者和金比拉尊者一起迎上前去。一人接过世尊的衣钵，一人铺好座位，一人备好洗脚水、脚凳和擦脚布。世尊在铺好的座位上坐下，坐下后便洗了脚。三位尊者也礼敬世尊后，坐在一旁。世尊对坐在一旁的阿那律尊者说：“阿那律，你们怎么样，还能忍耐吗？还能维持吗？托钵乞食不感到疲惫吗？”他们回答：“能忍耐，世尊，能维持，世尊；尊者，我们托钵乞食并不感到疲惫。”

Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ca anuruddho āyasmā ca nandiyo āyasmā ca kimilo pācīnavaṃsadāye viharanti. Addasā kho dāyapālo bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ, disvāna bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā, samaṇa, etaṃ dāyaṃ pāvisi. Santettha tayo kulaputtā attakāmarūpā viharanti. Mā tesaṃ aphāsumakāsī’’ti. Assosi kho āyasmā anuruddho dāyapālassa bhagavatā saddhiṃ mantayamānassa, sutvāna dāyapālaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘māvuso, dāyapāla, bhagavantaṃ vāresi . Satthā no bhagavā anuppatto’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā anuruddho yenāyasmā ca nandiyo āyasmā ca kimilo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantañca nandiyaṃ āyasmantañca kimilaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkamathāyasmanto abhikkamathāyasmanto, satthā no bhagavā anuppatto’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā ca anuruddho āyasmā ca nandiyo āyasmā ca kimilo bhagavantaṃ paccuggantvā eko bhagavato pattacīvaraṃ paṭiggahesi, eko āsanaṃ paññapesi, eko pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipi. Nisīdi bhagavā paññatte āsane , nisajja kho bhagavā pāde pakkhālesi. Tepi kho āyasmanto bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ anuruddhaṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘kacci vo, anuruddhā, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ; kacci piṇḍakena na kilamathā’’ti? ‘‘Khamanīyaṃ bhagavā, yāpanīyaṃ bhagavā; na ca mayaṃ, bhante, piṇḍakena kilamāmā’’ti.

53“阿那律，那么你们是否和合、欢喜、无诤，如水乳交融，彼此以亲切目光相看而住呢？”“尊者，我们确实和合、欢喜、无诤，如水乳交融，彼此以亲切目光相看而住。”“阿那律，你们是如何这样和合、欢喜、无诤，如水乳交融，彼此以亲切目光相看而住的呢？”“尊者，在这件事上，我心里这样想：‘我真是太幸运了，太好福气了，能和这样的同梵行者一起居住。’尊者，我对这些尊者，无论在人前还是独处时，都保持着慈爱的身业；慈爱的语业……慈爱的意业，无论在人前还是独处时，都保持着。尊者，我心里这样想：‘为什么我不放下自己的心意，而跟随这些尊者的心意来行事呢？’尊者，我便放下自己的心意，跟随这些尊者的心意来行事。尊者，我们的身体虽然各别不同，但我感觉心意却是一个。”

‘‘Kacci pana vo anuruddhā samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharathā’’ti? ‘‘Taggha mayaṃ, bhante, samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharāmā’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana tumhe, anuruddhā, samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharathā’’ti? ‘‘Idha mayhaṃ, bhante, evaṃ hoti – ‘lābhā vata me, suladdhaṃ vata me, yohaṃ evarūpehi sabrahmacārīhi saddhiṃ viharāmī’’’ti. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, imesu āyasmantesu mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ āvi ceva raho ca; mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ… mettaṃ manokammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ āvi ceva raho ca. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, evaṃ hoti – ‘‘‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ sakaṃ cittaṃ nikkhipitvā imesaṃyeva āyasmantānaṃ cittassa vasena vatteyya’nti. So kho ahaṃ, bhante, sakaṃ cittaṃ nikkhipitvā imesaṃyeva āyasmantānaṃ cittassa vasena vattāmi. Nānā hi kho no, bhante, kāyā, ekañca pana maññe citta’’nti.

54难迪亚尊者也……金比拉尊者也对世尊说：“尊者，我心里也是这样想：‘我真是太幸运了，太好福气了，能和这样的同梵行者一起居住。’尊者，我对这些尊者，无论在人前还是独处时，都保持着慈爱的身业；慈爱的语业、慈爱的意业，无论在人前还是独处时，都保持着。尊者，我心里这样想：‘为什么我不放下自己的心意，而跟随这些尊者的心意来行事呢？’尊者，我便放下自己的心意，跟随这些尊者的心意来行事。尊者，我们的身体虽然各别不同，但我感觉心意却是一个。尊者，我们就是这样和合、欢喜、无诤，如水乳交融，彼此以亲切目光相看而住的。”

Āyasmāpi kho nandiyo…pe… āyasmāpi kho kimilo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mayhampi kho, bhante, evaṃ hoti – ‘lābhā vata me, suladdhaṃ vata me, yohaṃ evarūpehi sabrahmacārīhi saddhiṃ viharāmī’ti. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, imesu āyasmantesu mettaṃ kāyakammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ āvi ceva raho ca; mettaṃ vacīkammaṃ mettaṃ manokammaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ āvi ceva raho ca. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, evaṃ hoti ‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ sakaṃ cittaṃ nikkhipitvā imesaṃyeva āyasmantānaṃ cittassa vasena vatteyya’nti. So kho ahaṃ, bhante, sakaṃ cittaṃ nikkhipitvā imesaṃyeva āyasmantānaṃ cittassa vasena vattāmi. Nānā hi kho no, bhante, kāyā, ekañca pana maññe cittanti. Evaṃ kho mayaṃ, bhante, samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharāmā’’ti.

55“阿那律，那么你们是否不放逸、热忱、精进而住呢？”“尊者，我们确实不放逸、热忱、精进而住。”“阿那律，你们是如何不放逸、热忱、精进而住的呢？”“尊者，在我们这里，谁先从村子托钵回来，谁就铺好座位，准备好洗脚水、脚凳和擦脚布，把痰盂洗净放好，准备好饮用水和使用水。谁后从村子托钵回来，如果有吃剩下的食物，如果他想吃就吃，不想吃就倒在无草处，或倒在无虫的水中。他把座位收起，把洗脚水、脚凳和擦脚布归位，把痰盂洗净收好，把饮用水和使用水归位，把食堂打扫干净。谁看到饮用水罐、使用水罐或厕所水罐空了没了，就把它加满。如果一个人做不了，就用手势招呼第二个人，两个人一起用手合力把它加满。尊者，我们绝不因此事而发一言争吵。尊者，我们每五天会通宵聚坐，共作法谈。尊者，我们就是这样不放逸、热忱、精进而住的。”

‘‘Kacci pana vo, anuruddhā, appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharathā’’ti? ‘‘Taggha mayaṃ, bhante, appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharāmā’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana tumhe, anuruddhā, appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharathā’’ti? ‘‘Idha, bhante, amhākaṃ yo paṭhamaṃ gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamati so āsanaṃ paññapeti, pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ upanikkhipati, avakkārapātiṃ dhovitvā upaṭṭhāpeti, pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpeti. Yo pacchā gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamati, sace hoti bhuttāvaseso, sace ākaṅkhati bhuñjati, no ce ākaṅkhati appaharite vā chaḍḍeti. Appāṇake vā udake opilāpeti. So āsanaṃ uddharati , pādodakaṃ pādapīṭhaṃ pādakathalikaṃ paṭisāmeti, avakkārapātiṃ dhovitvā paṭisāmeti, pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ paṭisāmeti, bhattaggaṃ sammajjati. Yo passati pānīyaghaṭaṃ vā paribhojanīyaghaṭaṃ vā vaccaghaṭaṃ vā rittaṃ tucchaṃ so upaṭṭhāpeti. Sacassa hoti avisayhaṃ, hatthavikārena dutiyaṃ āmantetvā hatthavilaṅghakena upaṭṭhāpema, na tveva mayaṃ, bhante, tappaccayā vācaṃ bhindāma. Pañcāhikaṃ kho pana mayaṃ, bhante, sabbarattiṃ dhammiyā kathāya sannisīdāma. Evaṃ kho mayaṃ, bhante, appamattā ātāpino pahitattā viharāmā’’ti.

65东竹园前往论完

Pācinavaṃsadāyagamanakathā niṭṭhitā.

66275. 巴利雷亚咖前往论

275. Pālileyyakagamanakathā

467那时，世尊以法语开示、劝导、鼓励、使具寿阿那律、具寿难提亚、具寿咖弥喇欢喜后，从座起立，向巴利咧亚咖游行。次第游行，到达巴利咧亚咖。世尊住在巴利咧亚咖，在拉奇答林中的吉祥娑罗树下。那时，世尊独自远离、独坐时，心中生起这样的寻思：「我以前与那些国桑比的比丘们——制造争论者、制造诤论者、制造争执者、制造诤讼者、在僧团中制造诤事者——拥挤在一起，住得不安乐。我现在独自无伴，安乐、安稳而住，远离那些国桑比的比丘们——制造争论者、制造诤论者、制造争执者、制造诤讼者、在僧团中制造诤事者。」

Atha kho bhagavā āyasmantañca anuruddhaṃ āyasmantañca nandiyaṃ āyasmantañca kimilaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā yena pālileyyakaṃ tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena pālileyyakaṃ tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā pālileyyake viharati rakkhitavanasaṇḍe bhaddasālamūle. Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘ahaṃ kho pubbe ākiṇṇo na phāsu vihāsiṃ tehi kosambakehi bhikkhūhi bhaṇḍanakārakehi kalahakārakehi vivādakārakehi bhassakārakehi saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakehi. Somhi etarahi eko adutiyo sukhaṃ phāsu viharāmi aññatreva tehi kosambakehi bhikkhūhi bhaṇḍanakārakehi kalahakārakehi vivādakārakehi bhassakārakehi saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakehī’’ti.

57还有一头名叫吉祥的大象，被公象、母象、小象和幼象们挤得无法安住。它吃着被咬断尖端的草，象群还把它折下的枝叶啃得乱七八糟，喝着浑浊的水。每当它下水沐浴时，那些母象就靠过来摩擦它的身体。那时，吉祥象心里想：‘我现在被公象、母象、小象和幼象们挤得无法安住，吃着被咬断尖端的草，它们还把我折下的枝叶啃得乱七八糟，喝着浑浊的水。下水沐浴时，那些母象就靠过来摩擦我的身体。我为什么不离开象群，独自待着呢？’于是，吉祥象离开了象群，朝着巴利雷雅卡那片受保护的森林、那棵吉祥的沙拉树而去，来到世尊身边。到了以后，它用鼻子为世尊准备好饮用水和日用杂用水，还清理出无杂草的地面。那时，吉祥象心里又想：‘我以前被公象、母象、小象和幼象们挤得不安乐，吃着被咬断尖端的草，它们把我折下的枝叶啃得乱七八糟，喝着浑浊的水。下水沐浴时，那些母象还靠过来摩擦我的身体。而现在，我独自一个，没有同伴，离开了那些公象、母象、小象和幼象，住得真是快乐安适。’

Aññataropi kho hatthināgo ākiṇṇo viharati hatthīhi hatthinīhi hatthikaḷabhehi hatthicchāpehi, chinnaggāni ceva tiṇāni khādati, obhaggobhaggañcassa sākhābhaṅgaṃ khādanti, āvilāni ca pānīyāni pivati, ogāhā cassa otiṇṇassa hatthiniyo kāyaṃ upanighaṃsantiyo gacchanti. Atha kho tassa hatthināgassa etadahosi – ‘‘ahaṃ kho ākiṇṇo viharāmi hatthīhi hatthinīhi hatthikaḷabhehi hatthicchāpehi, chinnaggāni ceva tiṇāni khādāmi, obhaggobhaggañca me sākhābhaṅgaṃ khādanti, āvilāni ca pānīyāni pivāmi, ogāhā ca me otiṇṇassa hatthiniyo kāyaṃ upanighaṃsantiyo gacchanti. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ ekova gaṇasmā vūpakaṭṭho vihareyya’’nti. Atha kho so hatthināgo yūthā apakkamma yena pālileyyakaṃ rakkhitavanasaṇḍo bhaddasālamūlaṃ yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā soṇḍāya bhagavato pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpeti, appaharitañca karoti. Atha kho tassa hatthināgassa etadahosi – ‘‘ahaṃ kho pubbe ākiṇṇo na phāsu vihāsiṃ hatthīhi hatthinīhi hatthikaḷabhehi hatthicchāpehi, chinnaggāni ceva tiṇāni khādiṃ, obhaggobhaggañca me sākhābhaṅgaṃ khādiṃsu, āvilāni ca pānīyāni apāyiṃ ogāhā ca me otiṇṇassa hatthiniyo kāyaṃ upanighaṃsantiyo agamaṃsu. Somhi etarahi eko adutiyo sukhaṃ phāsu viharāmi aññatreva hatthīhi hatthinīhi hatthikaḷabhehi hatthicchāpehī’’ti.

58那时，世尊深知自己独处的妙乐，也完全了知吉祥象内心的思虑，就在那个时刻，说出了这句感叹语：

Atha kho bhagavā attano ca pavivekaṃ viditvā tassa ca hatthināgassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya tāyaṃ velāyaṃ imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –

59‘这是象王与象王，长着犁头般象牙的巨象；

‘‘Etaṃ nāgassa nāgena, īsādantassa hatthino;

60心与心的契合，让独自在林间享受的那一位心生欢喜。’

Sameti cittaṃ cittena, yadeko ramatī vane’’ti.

61那时，世尊在巴利雷雅卡随心所欲地住了一段时间后，就朝着舍卫城城方向游化而去。依次游化，最终到达了舍卫城。在那里，世尊就住在舍卫城城揭德林给孤独园。那时，高赏比的在家信众们心想：‘这些高赏比的尊者比丘们，真是给我们带来了极大的不利。世尊被这些比丘搞得厌烦而离开了。来吧，我们这些在家信众，不要向高赏比的尊者们问讯，不要起身迎接，不要向他们合掌或做任何应有的礼节性行为，不要恭敬他们，不要尊重他们，不要礼遇他们，不要亲近他们，不要供奉他们。就算他们来到面前，也不要给他们食物。这样一来，这些比丘被我们这样不恭敬、不尊重、不礼遇、不亲近、不供奉，被如此冷落后，也许会离开，也许会还俗，或者会去请求世尊的原谅。’于是，高赏比的在家信众们果然不再向高赏比比丘们问讯，不起身迎接，不向他们合掌或做应有的礼节性行为，不恭敬他们，不尊重他们，不礼遇他们，不亲近他们，不供奉他们。即使他们来到面前，也不给他们食物。那时，高赏比的比丘们被高赏比的在家信众们这样不恭敬、不尊重、不礼遇、不亲近、不供奉，被如此冷落后，就互相说道：‘各位贤友，来吧，我们去舍卫城城，在世尊面前平息这件纠纷吧。’

Atha kho bhagavā pālileyyake yathābhirantaṃ viharitvā yena sāvatthi tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena sāvatthi tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho kosambakā upāsakā – ‘‘ime kho ayyā kosambakā bhikkhū bahuno amhākaṃ anatthassa kārakā . Imehi ubbāḷho bhagavā pakkanto. Handa mayaṃ ayye kosambake bhikkhū neva abhivādeyyāma, na paccuṭṭheyyāma, na añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ kareyyāma, na sakkareyyāma, na garuṃ kareyyāma, na māneyyāma, na bhajeyyāma, na pūjeyyāma, upagatānampi piṇḍakaṃ na dajjeyyāma – evaṃ ime amhehi asakkariyamānā agarukariyamānā amāniyamānā abhajiyamānā apūjiyamānā asakkārapakatā pakkamissanti vā vibbhamissanti vā bhagavantaṃ vā pasādessantī’’ti. Atha kho kosambakā upāsakā kosambake bhikkhū neva abhivādesuṃ, na paccuṭṭhesuṃ, na añjalikammaṃ sāmīcikammaṃ akaṃsu, na sakkariṃsu, na garuṃ kariṃsu, na mānesuṃ, na bhajesuṃ na pūjesuṃ, upagatānampi piṇḍakaṃ na adaṃsu. Atha kho kosambakā bhikkhū kosambakehi upāsakehi asakkariyamānā agarukariyamānā amāniyamānā abhajiyamānā apūjiyamānā asakkārapakatā evamāhaṃsu – ‘‘handa mayaṃ, āvuso, sāvatthiṃ gantvā bhagavato santike imaṃ adhikaraṇaṃ vūpasameyyāmā’’ti.

73巴利雷亚咖前往论完

Pālileyyakagamanakathā niṭṭhitā.

74276. 十八事论

276. Aṭṭhārasavatthukathā

468于是，高赏比的比丘们收拾好住处，拿着衣钵，前往舍卫城城。舍利弗尊者听说：‘那些高赏比的比丘们，那些制造争吵、制造斗诤、制造争论、制造是非、在僧团里挑起纠纷的人，要来舍卫城了。’于是，舍利弗尊者来到世尊那里，到了以后，礼敬世尊，然后坐在一边。坐在一边的舍利弗尊者对世尊说：‘尊者，听说那些高赏比的比丘们，那些制造争吵、制造斗诤、制造争论、制造是非、在僧团里挑起纠纷的人，要来舍卫城了。尊者，我应当如何对待这些比丘呢？’世尊说：‘那么，舍利弗，你就依法而安住吧。’舍利弗尊者问：‘尊者，我怎样才能辨别什么是法，什么是非法呢？’

Atha kho kosambakā bhikkhū senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena sāvatthi tenupasaṅkamiṃsu. Assosi kho āyasmā sāriputto – ‘‘te kira kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṃ āgacchantī’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘te kira, bhante, kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṃ āgacchanti. Kathāhaṃ, bhante, tesu bhikkhūsu paṭipajjāmī’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, sāriputta, yathā dhammo tathā tiṭṭhāhī’’ti. ‘‘Kathāhaṃ, bhante, jāneyyaṃ dhammaṃ vā adhammaṃ vā’’ti?

63‘舍利弗，有十八种情况可以知道一个人是主张非法的人。舍利弗，在此，有比丘把非法宣称为‘这是法’，把法宣称为‘这是非法’；把非律宣称为‘这是律’，把律宣称为‘这是非律’；把如来没有说过、没有讲过的话宣称为‘这是如来所说、所讲的’，把如来说过、讲过的话宣称为‘这不是如来所说、所讲的’；把如来没有做过的事宣称为‘这是如来所做过的’，把如来做过的事宣称为‘这不是如来所做过的’；把如来没有制定过的学处宣称为‘这是如来所制定的’，把如来制定过的学处宣称为‘这不是如来所制定的’；把非罪宣称为‘这是罪’，把罪宣称为‘这不是罪’；把轻罪宣称为‘这是重罪’，把重罪宣称为‘这是轻罪’；把有余罪的罪宣称为‘这是无余罪’，把无余罪的罪宣称为‘这是有余罪’；把粗重罪宣称为‘这不是粗重罪’，把非粗重罪宣称为‘这是粗重罪’。舍利弗，通过这十八种情况，可以知道一个人是主张非法的人。

Aṭṭhārasahi kho, sāriputta, vatthūhi adhammavādī jānitabbo. Idha, sāriputta, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti; avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti; abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; apaññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, paññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; anāpattiṃ āpattīti dīpeti, āpattiṃ anāpattīti dīpeti; lahukaṃ āpattiṃ garukā āpattīti dīpeti, garukaṃ āpattiṃ lahukā āpattīti dīpeti; sāvasesaṃ āpattiṃ anavasesā āpattīti dīpeti, anavasesaṃ āpattiṃ sāvasesā āpattīti dīpeti; duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti – imehi kho, sāriputta, aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi adhammavādī jānitabbo.

64‘舍利弗，同样有十八种情况可以知道一个人是主张法的人。舍利弗，在此，有比丘把非法宣称是非法，把法宣称是法；把非律宣称是非律，把律宣称是律；把如来没有说过、没有讲过的话宣称是如来没有说过、没有讲过的，把如来说过、讲过的话宣称是如来所说、所讲的；把如来没有做过的事宣称是如来没有做过的，把如来做过的事宣称是如来所做过的；把如来没有制定过的学处宣称是如来没有制定的，把如来制定过的学处宣称是如来所制定的；把非罪宣称是非罪，把罪宣称是罪；把轻罪宣称是轻罪，把重罪宣称是重罪；把有余罪宣称是有余罪，把无余罪宣称是无余罪；把粗重罪宣称是粗重罪，把非粗重罪宣称是非粗重罪。舍利弗，通过这十八种情况，可以知道一个人是主张法的人。’

Aṭṭhārasahi ca kho, sāriputta, vatthūhi dhammavādī jānitabbo. Idha, sāriputta, bhikkhu adhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti; avinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti; abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; apaññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, paññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti ; anāpattiṃ anāpattīti dīpeti, āpattiṃ āpattīti dīpeti; lahukaṃ āpattiṃ lahukā āpattīti dīpeti, garukaṃ āpattiṃ garukā āpattīti dīpeti; sāvasesaṃ āpattiṃ sāvasesā āpattīti dīpeti, anavasesaṃ āpattiṃ anavasesā āpattīti dīpeti; duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti – imehi kho, sāriputta, aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi dhammavādī jānitabboti.

469摩诃摩嘎喇那尊者听说了……大迦叶尊者听说了……大迦旃延尊者听说了……摩诃拘希罗尊者听说了……大劫宾那尊者听说了……摩诃准陀尊者听说了……阿那律陀尊者听说了……离瓦得尊者听说了……优波离尊者听说了……阿难尊者听说了……罗睺罗尊者听说了：'听说那些国桑比的比丘们，制造争吵、制造口角、制造争论、制造是非，在僧团里制造诤事，要到舍卫城来了。'于是，罗睺罗尊者前往世尊所在之处，到了以后，向世尊行礼，坐在一旁。坐定之后，罗睺罗尊者对世尊这样说：'尊者，听说那些国桑比的比丘们，制造争吵、制造口角、制造争论、制造是非，在僧团里制造诤事，要到舍卫城来了。尊者，我该如何对待那些比丘们呢？''罗睺罗，你应当如依法而安住。''尊者，我怎样才能知道什么是法，什么是非法呢？'

Assosi kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno…pe… assosi kho āyasmā mahākassapo… assosi kho āyasmā mahākaccāno… assosi kho āyasmā mahākoṭṭhiko … assosi kho āyasmā mahākappino… assosi kho āyasmā mahācundo… assosi kho āyasmā anuruddho… assosi kho āyasmā revato … assosi kho āyasmā upāli… assosi kho āyasmā ānando… assosi kho āyasmā rāhulo – ‘‘te kira kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṃ āgacchantī’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā rāhulo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā rāhulo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘te kira, bhante, kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṃ āgacchanti. Kathāhaṃ, bhante, tesu bhikkhūsu paṭipajjāmī’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, rāhula, yathā dhammo tathā tiṭṭhāhī’’ti. ‘‘Kathāhaṃ, bhante, jāneyyaṃ dhammaṃ vā adhammaṃ vā’’ti?

66罗睺罗，可以通过十八个方面来辨别非法说者。罗睺罗，在此，有比丘将非法解说为法，将法解说为非法；将非律解说为律，将律解说为非律；将如来所未说、所不讲的，解说为如来所说、所讲的，将如来所说、所讲的，解说为如来所未说、所不讲的；将如来未实行过的，解说为如来实行过的，将如来实行过的，解说为如来未实行过的；将如来未制定的，解说为如来制定的，将如来制定的，解说为如来未制定的；将非罪解说为罪，将罪解说为非罪；将轻罪解说为重罪，将重罪解说为轻罪；将有余罪解说为无余罪，将无余罪解说为有余罪；将粗重罪解说为非粗重罪，将非粗重罪解说为粗重罪——罗睺罗，通过这十八个方面，可以辨别非法说者。

Aṭṭhārasahi kho, rāhula, vatthūhi adhammavādī jānitabbo. Idha, rāhula, bhikkhu adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti; avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti; abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; apaññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, paññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; anāpattiṃ āpattīti dīpeti, āpattiṃ anāpattīti dīpeti; lahukaṃ āpattiṃ garukā āpattīti dīpeti, garukaṃ āpattiṃ lahukā āpattīti dīpeti; sāvasesaṃ āpattiṃ anavasesā āpattīti dīpeti, anavasesaṃ āpattiṃ sāvasesā āpattīti dīpeti; duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti – imehi kho, rāhula, aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi adhammavādī jānitabbo.

67罗睺罗，也可以通过十八个方面来辨别如法说者。罗睺罗，在此，有比丘将非法解说为非法，将法解说为法；将非律解说为非律，将律解说为律；将如来所未说、所不讲的，解说为如来所未说、所不讲的，将如来所说、所讲的，解说为如来所说、所讲的；将如来未实行过的，解说为如来未实行过的，将如来实行过的，解说为如来实行过的；将如来未制定的，解说为如来未制定的，将如来制定的，解说为如来制定的；将非罪解说为非罪，将罪解说为罪；将轻罪解说为轻罪，将重罪解说为重罪；将有余罪解说为有余罪，将无余罪解说为无余罪；将粗重罪解说为粗重罪，将非粗重罪解说为非粗重罪——罗睺罗，通过这十八个方面，可以辨别如法说者。

Aṭṭhārasahi ca kho, rāhula, vatthūhi dhammavādī jānitabbo. Idha, rāhula, bhikkhu adhammaṃ adhammoti dīpeti, dhammaṃ dhammoti dīpeti; avinayaṃ avinayoti dīpeti, vinayaṃ vinayoti dīpeti; abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; apaññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti, paññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpeti; anāpattiṃ anāpattīti dīpeti, āpattiṃ āpattīti dīpeti; lahukaṃ āpattiṃ lahukā āpattīti dīpeti, garukaṃ āpattiṃ garukā āpattīti dīpeti; sāvasesaṃ āpattiṃ sāvasesā āpattīti dīpeti, anavasesaṃ āpattiṃ anavasesā āpattīti dīpeti; duṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ duṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti, aduṭṭhullaṃ āpattiṃ aduṭṭhullā āpattīti dīpeti – imehi kho, rāhula, aṭṭhārasahi vatthūhi dhammavādī jānitabboti.

470大爱道果德弥听说了：'听说那些国桑比的比丘们，制造争吵、制造口角、制造争论、制造是非，在僧团里制造诤事，要到舍卫城来了。'于是，大爱道果德弥前往世尊所在之处，到了以后，向世尊行礼，站在一旁。站定之后，大爱道果德弥对世尊这样说：'尊者，听说那些国桑比的比丘们，制造争吵、制造口角、制造争论、制造是非，在僧团里制造诤事，要到舍卫城来了。尊者，我该如何对待那些比丘们呢？''果德弥，你应当听取双方所说的法。听完双方所说的法之后，认同那些持如法说的比丘们的见解、宽容、喜好和认可。再者，凡是比丘尼僧团需要向比丘僧团请求的任何东西，都应只向持如法说者请求。'

Assosi kho mahāpajāpati gotamī – ‘‘te kira kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṃ āgacchantī’’ti. Atha kho mahāpajāpati gotamī yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho mahāpajāpati gotamī bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘te kira, bhante, kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṃ āgacchanti. Kathāhaṃ, bhante, tesu bhikkhūsu paṭipajjāmī’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, gotami, ubhayattha dhammaṃ suṇa. Ubhayattha dhammaṃ sutvā ye tattha bhikkhū dhammavādino tesaṃ diṭṭhiñca khantiñca ruciñca ādāyañca rocehi. Yañca kiñci bhikkhunisaṅghena bhikkhusaṅghato paccāsīsitabbaṃ sabbaṃ taṃ dhammavāditova paccāsīsitabba’’nti.

471给孤独居士听说了：'听说那些国桑比的比丘们，制造争吵、制造口角、制造争论、制造是非，在僧团里制造诤事，要到舍卫城来了。'于是，给孤独居士前往世尊所在之处，到了以后，向世尊行礼，坐在一旁。坐定之后，给孤独居士对世尊这样说：'尊者，听说那些国桑比的比丘们，制造争吵、制造口角、制造争论、制造是非，在僧团里制造诤事，要到舍卫城来了。尊者，我该如何对待那些比丘们呢？''居士，你应当对双方都进行布施。对双方都布施之后，听取双方所说的法。听完双方所说的法之后，认同那些持如法说的比丘们的见解、宽容、喜好和认可。'

Assosi kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati – ‘‘te kira kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṃ āgacchantī’’ti. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘te kira, bhante, kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṃ āgacchanti. Kathāhaṃ, bhante, tesu bhikkhūsu paṭipajjāmī’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, gahapati, ubhayattha dānaṃ dehi. Ubhayattha dānaṃ datvā ubhayattha dhammaṃ suṇa. Ubhayattha dhammaṃ sutvā ye tattha bhikkhū dhammavādino tesaṃ diṭṭhiñca khantiñca ruciñca ādāyañca rocehī’’ti.

472毗舍佉·鹿母听说了：'听说那些国桑比的比丘们，制造争吵、制造口角、制造争论、制造是非，在僧团里制造诤事，要到舍卫城来了。'于是，毗舍佉·鹿母前往世尊所在之处，到了以后，向世尊行礼，坐在一旁。坐定之后，毗舍佉·鹿母对世尊这样说：'尊者，听说那些国桑比的比丘们，制造争吵、制造口角、制造争论、制造是非，在僧团里制造诤事，要到舍卫城来了。尊者，我该如何对待那些比丘们呢？''毗舍佉，你应当对双方都进行布施。对双方都布施之后，听取双方所说的法。听完双方所说的法之后，认同那些持如法说的比丘们的见解、宽容、喜好和认可。'

Assosi kho visākhā migāramātā – ‘‘te kira kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṃ āgacchantī’’ti . Atha kho visākhā migāramātā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho visākhā migāramātā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘te kira, bhante, kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṃ āgacchanti. Kathāhaṃ, bhante, tesu bhikkhūsu paṭipajjāmī’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, visākhe, ubhayattha dānaṃ dehi. Ubhayattha dānaṃ datvā ubhayattha dhammaṃ suṇa. Ubhayattha dhammaṃ sutvā ye tattha bhikkhū dhammavādino tesaṃ diṭṭhiñca khantiñca ruciñca ādāyañca rocehī’’ti.

473那时，国桑比的比丘们辗转来到了舍卫城。于是，舍利弗尊者前往世尊所在之处，到了以后，向世尊行礼，坐在一旁。坐定之后，舍利弗尊者对世尊这样说：'尊者，听说那些国桑比的比丘们，制造争吵、制造口角、制造争论、制造是非，在僧团里制造诤事，已经到达舍卫城了。尊者，关于他们的房舍，应当如何处理呢？''舍利弗，应当给他们分配僻静的房舍。''尊者，如果没有僻静的房舍，应当如何处理呢？''舍利弗，哪怕将房舍腾出僻静之处，也应当分配给他们。舍利弗，我是绝对不赞成以任何理由拒绝给上座比丘提供房舍的。如果有人拒绝提供，犯恶作罪。'

Atha kho kosambakā bhikkhū anupubbena yena sāvatthi tadavasaruṃ. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘te kira, bhante, kosambakā bhikkhū bhaṇḍanakārakā kalahakārakā vivādakārakā bhassakārakā saṅghe adhikaraṇakārakā sāvatthiṃ anuppattā. Kathaṃ nu kho, bhante, tesu bhikkhūsu senāsane paṭipajjitabba’’nti? ‘‘Tena hi, sāriputta, vivittaṃ senāsanaṃ dātabba’’nti. ‘‘Sace pana, bhante, vivittaṃ na hoti, kathaṃ paṭipajjitabba’’nti? ‘‘Tena hi, sāriputta, vivittaṃ katvāpi dātabbaṃ, na tvevāhaṃ, sāriputta, kenaci pariyāyena vuḍḍhatarassa bhikkhuno senāsanaṃ paṭibāhitabbanti vadāmi. Yo paṭibāheyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā’’ti.

72'尊者，关于饮食，应当如何处理呢？''舍利弗，饮食应当平均分给在座的每一位。'

‘‘Āmise pana, bhante, kathaṃ paṭipajjitabba’’nti? ‘‘Āmisaṃ kho, sāriputta, sabbesaṃ samakaṃ bhājetabba’’nti.

86十八事论完

Aṭṭhārasavatthukathā niṭṭhitā.

87277. 允许下意

277. Osāraṇānujānanā

474那时，那位被举罚的比丘审视法与律后，心里这样想：“这确实是罪，不是无罪。我确实犯了罪，不是没犯罪。我确实被举罚了，不是没被举罚。我是被如法的、不可动摇的、符合程序的羯磨所举罚的。”接着，那位被举罚的比丘就到随顺被举罚者的比丘们那里去，到了之后，对随顺被举罚者的比丘们这样说：“贤友们，这确实是罪，不是无罪。我确实犯了罪，不是没犯罪。我确实被举罚了，不是没被举罚。我是被如法的、不可动摇的、符合程序的羯磨所举罚的。来吧，尊者们，请为我解罪吧。”于是，那些随顺被举罚者的比丘们就带着那位被举罚的比丘，到世尊那里去。到了之后，向世尊礼敬，然后坐在一旁。坐在一旁后，那些比丘对世尊这样说：“大德，这位被举罚的比丘这样说：‘贤友们，这确实是罪，不是无罪。我确实犯了罪，不是没犯罪。我确实被举罚了，不是没被举罚。我是被如法的、不可动摇的、符合程序的羯磨所举罚的。来吧，尊者们，请为我解罪吧。’大德，我们应当怎么办？”世尊说：“诸比丘，这确实是罪，不是无罪。这位比丘确实犯了罪，不是没犯罪。这位比丘确实被举罚了，不是没被举罚。他是被如法的、不可动摇的、符合程序的羯磨所举罚的。诸比丘，既然这位比丘已经认罪并承认被举罚的事实，那么，诸比丘，你们就为他解罪吧。”

Atha kho tassa ukkhittakassa bhikkhuno dhammañca vinayañca paccavekkhantassa etadahosi – ‘‘āpatti esā, nesā anāpatti. Āpannomhi, namhi anāpanno. Ukkhittomhi, namhi anukkhitto. Dhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto akuppena ṭhānārahenā’’ti. Atha kho so ukkhittako bhikkhu yena ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā ukkhittānuvattake bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘āpatti esā, āvuso; nesā anāpatti. Āpannomhi, namhi anāpanno. Ukkhittomhi, namhi anukkhitto. Dhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto akuppena ṭhānārahena. Etha maṃ āyasmanto osārethā’’ti. Atha kho te ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū taṃ ukkhittakaṃ bhikkhuṃ ādāya yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘ayaṃ, bhante, ukkhittako bhikkhu evamāha – ‘āpatti esā , āvuso; nesā anāpatti. Āpannomhi, namhi anāpanno. Ukkhittomhi, namhi anukkhitto. Dhammikenamhi kammena ukkhitto akuppena ṭhānārahena. Etha maṃ āyasmanto osārethā’ti. Kathaṃ nu kho, bhante, paṭipajjitabba’’nti? ‘‘Āpatti esā, bhikkhave; nesā anāpatti. Āpanno eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu anāpanno. Ukkhitto eso bhikkhu, neso bhikkhu anukkhitto . Dhammikena kammena ukkhitto akuppena ṭhānārahena. Yato ca kho so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āpanno ca ukkhitto ca passati ca, tena hi, bhikkhave, taṃ bhikkhuṃ osārethā’’ti.

89允许下意完

Osāraṇānujānanā niṭṭhitā.

90278. 僧团和合论

278. Saṅghasāmaggīkathā

475于是，那些随顺被举罚者的比丘们为那位被举罚的比丘解罪后，就到举罚方的比丘们那里去。到了之后，对举罚方的比丘们这样说：“贤友们，在那件事上，僧团曾经发生争吵、争端、对立、诤论、僧团分裂、僧团隔阂、僧团分裂状态、僧团各执己见，而现在这位比丘已经认罪，承认被举罚，并且已经解罪了。来吧，贤友们，为了那件事的平息，我们作僧团和合吧。”

Atha kho te ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū taṃ ukkhittakaṃ bhikkhuṃ osāretvā yena ukkhepakā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā ukkhepake bhikkhū etadavocuṃ – ‘‘yasmiṃ, āvuso, vatthusmiṃ ahosi saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṃ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṃ saṅghanānākaraṇaṃ , so eso bhikkhu āpanno ca ukkhitto ca passi ca osārito ca. Handa mayaṃ, āvuso, tassa vatthussa vūpasamāya saṅghasāmaggiṃ karomā’’ti.

75于是，那些举罚方的比丘们就到世尊那里去。到了之后，向世尊礼敬，然后坐在一旁。坐在一旁后，那些比丘对世尊这样说：“大德，那些随顺被举罚者的比丘们这样说：‘贤友们，在那件事上，僧团曾经发生争吵、争端、对立、诤论、僧团分裂、僧团隔阂、僧团分裂状态、僧团各执己见，而现在这位比丘已经认罪，承认被举罚，并且已经解罪了。来吧，贤友们，为了那件事的平息，我们作僧团和合吧。’大德，我们应当怎么办？”世尊说：“诸比丘，既然这位比丘已经认罪，承认被举罚，并且已经解罪了，那么，诸比丘，僧团就为了那件事的平息而作僧团和合吧。诸比丘，应当这样作：所有人都要集合在一起，无论生病的还是没生病的，都不应派人代为表态。集合后，应由一位有能力、能胜任的比丘向僧团宣告：”

Atha kho te ukkhepakā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘te, bhante, ukkhittānuvattakā bhikkhū evamāhaṃsu – ‘yasmiṃ, āvuso, vatthusmiṃ ahosi saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṃ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṃ saṅghanānākaraṇaṃ, so eso bhikkhu āpanno ca ukkhitto ca passi ca osārito ca. Handa mayaṃ, āvuso, tassa vatthussa vūpasamāya saṅghasāmaggiṃ karomā’ti. Kathaṃ nu kho, bhante, paṭipajjitabba’’nti? Yato ca kho so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āpanno ca ukkhitto ca passi ca osārito ca, tena hi, bhikkhave, saṅgho tassa vatthussa vūpasamāya saṅghasāmaggiṃ karotu. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, kātabbā. Sabbeheva ekajjhaṃ sannipatitabbaṃ gilānehi ca agilānehi ca. Na kehici chando dātabbo. Sannipatitvā byattena bhikkhunā paṭibalena saṅgho ñāpetabbo –

76“‘大德们，请僧团听我说。在那件事上，僧团曾经发生争吵、争端、对立、诤论、僧团分裂、僧团隔阂、僧团分裂状态、僧团各执己见，而现在这位比丘已经认罪，承认被举罚，并且已经解罪了。如果僧团认为适当，僧团就为了那件事的平息而作僧团和合。这是动议。’

‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ahosi saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṃ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṃ saṅghanānākaraṇaṃ, so eso bhikkhu āpanno ca ukkhitto ca passi ca osārito ca. Yadi saṅghassa pattakallaṃ, saṅgho tassa vatthussa vūpasamāya saṅghasāmaggiṃ kareyya. Esā ñatti.

77“‘大德们，请僧团听我说。在那件事上，僧团曾经发生争吵、争端、对立、诤论、僧团分裂、僧团隔阂、僧团分裂状态、僧团各执己见，而现在这位比丘已经认罪，承认被举罚，并且已经解罪了。僧团正在为了那件事的平息而作僧团和合。哪位尊者同意为了那件事的平息而作僧团和合，请保持沉默；哪位不同意，请说出来。’

‘‘Suṇātu me, bhante, saṅgho. Yasmiṃ vatthusmiṃ ahosi saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṃ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṃ saṅghanānākaraṇaṃ, so eso bhikkhu āpanno ca ukkhitto ca passi ca osārito ca. Saṅgho tassa vatthussa vūpasamāya saṅghasāmaggiṃ karoti. Yassāyasmato khamati tassa vatthussa vūpasamāya saṅghasāmaggiyā karaṇaṃ, so tuṇhassa, yassa nakkhamati so bhāseyya.

78“‘僧团已经为了那件事的平息而作僧团和合。僧团分裂已被熄灭，僧团隔阂已被熄灭，僧团分裂状态已被熄灭，僧团各执己见已被熄灭。僧团同意，因此沉默，我这样记录此事。’

‘‘Katā saṅghena tassa vatthussa vūpasamāya saṅghasāmaggī. Nihato saṅghabhedo, nihatā saṅgharāji, nihataṃ saṅghavavatthānaṃ, nihataṃ saṅghanānākaraṇaṃ. Khamati saṅghassa, tasmā tuṇhī, evametaṃ dhārayāmī’’ti.

79那天就应该立即举行布萨，诵出巴蒂摩卡。

Tāvadeva uposatho kātabbo, pātimokkhaṃ uddisitabbanti.

97僧团和合论完

Saṅghasāmaggīkathā niṭṭhitā.

98279. 优波离僧团和合问

279. Upālisaṅghasāmaggīpucchā

476那时，优波离尊者到世尊那里去，到了之后，向世尊礼敬，然后坐在一旁。坐在一旁后，优波离尊者对世尊这样说：“大德，如果在那件事上，僧团发生争吵、争端、对立、诤论、僧团分裂、僧团隔阂、僧团分裂状态、僧团各执己见，而僧团不对那件事作出裁决，就从非根本到根本而作僧团和合，大德，这样的僧团和合如法吗？”世尊说：“优波离，在那件事上，僧团发生争吵、争端、对立、诤论、僧团分裂、僧团隔阂、僧团分裂状态、僧团各执己见，如果僧团不对那件事作出裁决，就从非根本到根本而作僧团和合，优波离，那样的僧团和合是不如法的。”

Atha kho āyasmā upāli yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā upāli bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yasmiṃ, bhante, vatthusmiṃ hoti saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṃ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṃ saṅghanānākaraṇaṃ, saṅgho taṃ vatthuṃ avinicchinitvā amūlā mūlaṃ gantvā saṅghasāmaggiṃ karoti, dhammikā nu kho sā, bhante, saṅghasāmaggī’’ti? ‘‘Yasmiṃ , upāli, vatthusmiṃ hoti saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṃ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṃ saṅghanānākaraṇaṃ, saṅgho taṃ vatthuṃ avinicchinitvā amūlā mūlaṃ gantvā saṅghasāmaggiṃ karoti, adhammikā sā, upāli, saṅghasāmaggī’’ti.

81“尊者，当僧团在某件事情上产生了争吵、纷争、冲突、争论、僧团破裂、僧团分裂、僧团分派、僧团对立，而僧团对该事件进行判决后，从根本到根本地进行了僧团和合，尊者，那样的僧团和合是如法的吗？”“优波离，当僧团在某件事情上产生了争吵、纷争、冲突、争论、僧团破裂、僧团分裂、僧团分派、僧团对立，而僧团对该事件进行判决后，从根本到根本地进行了僧团和合，优波离，那样的僧团和合是如法的。”

‘‘Yasmiṃ pana, bhante, vatthusmiṃ hoti saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṃ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṃ saṅghanānākaraṇaṃ, saṅgho taṃ vatthuṃ vinicchinitvā mūlā mūlaṃ gantvā saṅghasāmaggiṃ karoti, dhammikā nu kho sā, bhante, saṅghasāmaggī’’ti? ‘‘Yasmiṃ, upāli, vatthusmiṃ hoti saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṃ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṃ saṅghanānākaraṇaṃ, saṅgho taṃ vatthuṃ vinicchinitvā mūlā mūlaṃ gantvā saṅghasāmaggiṃ karoti, dhammikā sā, upāli, saṅghasāmaggī’’ti.

82“尊者，僧团和合有几种呢？”“优波离，有两种僧团和合：优波离，有舍义取文的僧团和合；优波离，也有取义又取文的僧团和合。优波离，什么是舍义取文的僧团和合呢？优波离，当僧团在某件事情上产生了争吵、纷争、冲突、争论、僧团破裂、僧团分裂、僧团分派、僧团对立，而僧团并未对该事件进行判决，并未从根本到根本地，就做了僧团和合，优波离，这就叫做舍义取文的僧团和合。优波离，什么是取义又取文的僧团和合呢？优波离，当僧团在某件事情上产生了争吵、纷争、冲突、争论、僧团破裂、僧团分裂、僧团分派、僧团对立，而僧团对该事件进行判决后，从根本到根本地做了僧团和合，优波离，这就叫做取义又取文的僧团和合。优波离，这就是两种僧团和合。”

‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, saṅghasāmaggiyo’’ti? ‘‘Dvemā, upāli, saṅghasāmaggiyo – atthupāli, saṅghasāmaggī atthāpetā byañjanupetā; atthupāli, saṅghasāmaggī atthupetā ca byañjanupetā ca. Katamā ca, upāli, saṅghasāmaggī atthāpetā byañjanupetā? Yasmiṃ, upāli, vatthusmiṃ hoti saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṃ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṃ saṅghanānākaraṇaṃ, saṅgho taṃ vatthuṃ avinicchinitvā amūlā mūlaṃ gantvā saṅghasāmaggiṃ karoti, ayaṃ vuccati, upāli, saṅghasāmaggī atthāpetā byañjanupetā. Katamā ca, upāli, saṅghasāmaggī atthupetā ca byañjanupetā ca? Yasmiṃ, upāli, vatthusmiṃ hoti saṅghassa bhaṇḍanaṃ kalaho viggaho vivādo saṅghabhedo saṅgharāji saṅghavavatthānaṃ saṅghanānākaraṇaṃ, saṅgho taṃ vatthuṃ vinicchinitvā mūlā mūlaṃ gantvā saṅghasāmaggiṃ karoti, ayaṃ vuccati, upāli, saṅghasāmaggī atthupetā ca byañjanupetā ca. Imā kho, upāli, dve saṅghasāmaggiyo’’ti.

477那时，优波离尊者从座位上起身，将上衣搭在一个肩上，向世尊的方向合掌致敬，然后用偈颂对世尊说：

Atha kho āyasmā upāli uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṃsaṃ uttarāsaṅgaṃ karitvā yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā bhagavantaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –

84“在处理僧团的事务、进行商议时，

‘‘Saṅghassa kiccesu ca mantanāsu ca;

85在重大事情发生、需要作出裁决时，

Atthesu jātesu vinicchayesu ca;

86一个具有重大利益的人，应当是什么样特质的？

Kathaṃpakārodha naro mahatthiko;

87一位比丘在这里，怎样才能成为一个可以担当的人？”

Bhikkhu kathaṃ hotidha paggahārahoti.

88“首先，在戒德上，他是无可指摘的；

‘‘Anānuvajjo paṭhamena sīlato;

89他观察入微、善护诸根，

Avekkhitācāro susaṃvutindriyo;

90那些反对者，无法依法地指责他；

Paccatthikā nūpavadanti dhammato;

91因为在他身上，找不到任何可被指摘之处。

Na hissa taṃ hoti vadeyyu yena naṃ.

92像他这样的人，立足于戒德的清净，

‘‘So tādiso sīlavisuddhiyā ṭhito;

93他清晰明辨、有能力，说话时充满自信；

Visārado hoti visayha bhāsati;

94在大众之中不害怕、不颤抖，

Nacchambhati parisagato na vedhati;

95他宣说被问及的法义时，不会丢失其核心义理。

Atthaṃ na hāpeti anuyyutaṃ bhaṇaṃ.

96同样地，当在大众中被提问时，

‘‘Tatheva pañhaṃ parisāsu pucchito;

97既不焦躁，也不消沉；

Na ceva pajjhāyati na maṅku hoti;

98他适时说出值得答复的话语；

So kālāgataṃ byākaraṇārahaṃ vaco;

99这位明智者令智者之众欢喜。

Rañjeti viññūparisaṃ vicakkhaṇo.

100对年长比丘们恭敬，

‘‘Sagāravo vuḍḍhataresu bhikkhusu;

101在自己的老师面前自信而娴熟；

Ācerakamhi ca sake visārado;

102善于权衡，善于讲说；

Alaṃ pametuṃ paguṇo kathetave;

103对敌方的过失了如指掌，

Paccatthikānañca viraddhikovido.

104以此，敌方遭受惩处。

‘‘Paccatthikā yena vajanti niggahaṃ;

105能说服大众；

Mahājano saññapanañca gacchati;

106不放弃自己的见解与依持；

Sakañca ādāyamayaṃ na riñcati;

107记说（解答）与问题相应的意义。

Viyākaraṃ pañhamanūpaghātikaṃ.

108在信使工作上，他堪称胜任；

‘‘Dūteyyakammesu alaṃ samuggaho;

109在僧团的事务中，他也被众人称许为——

Saṅghassa kiccesu ca āhu naṃ yathā;

110遵行比丘众派遣所说之语；

Karaṃ vaco bhikkhugaṇena pesito;

111他不因此而想'是我在作'。

Ahaṃ karomīti na tena maññati.

112无论在多少事上违犯——

‘‘Āpajjati yāvatakesu vatthusu;

113他了知什么是犯戒，以及如何从罪中出离。

Āpattiyā hoti yathā ca vuṭṭhiti;

114对于这两者的分别，他都完全通达。

Ete vibhaṅgā ubhayassa svāgatā;

115他是精通罪与出罪之道的善巧者。

Āpatti vuṭṭhānapadassa kovido.

116他懂得进行驱逐的程序，以及该如何处理。

‘‘Nissāraṇaṃ gacchati yāni cācaraṃ;

117他清楚地知道被摈出者的状况，以及他们应当如何做。

Nissārito hoti yathā ca vattanā ;

118他也明了怎样重新接纳那位已经住过的人。

Osāraṇaṃ taṃvusitassa jantuno;

119精通分别的人，同样知道这些事理。

Etampi jānāti vibhaṅgakovido.

120他在年长的比丘们中间，总是心怀恭敬。

‘‘Sagāravo vuḍḍhataresu bhikkhusu;

121在新学、长老和中坚比丘当中，

Navesu theresu ca majjhimesu ca;

122他是一位为大众谋利益、行持卓越的智者；

Mahājanassatthacarodha paṇḍito;

123像这样的比丘，在这里值得被扶持。

So tādiso bhikkhu idha paggahāraho’’ti.

143优波离僧团和合问完

Upālisaṅghasāmaggīpucchā niṭṭhitā.

144国桑比篇集第十

Kosambakakkhandhako dasamo.

145280. 其摄颂

280. Tassuddānaṃ

124在憍赏弥，胜者（佛陀）针对诤论与罪见，

Kosambiyaṃ jinavaro, vivādāpattidassane;

125教导说：不论在何种情况都不应贸然举罚，而应以信任教示其罪。

Nukkhipeyya yasmiṃ tasmiṃ, saddhāyāpatti desaye.

126就在那界内的巴啦嘎和万萨达，

Antosīmāyaṃ tattheva, bālakañceva vaṃsadā;

127还有帕利利耶和舍卫城，有舍利弗与目犍连；

Pālileyyā ca sāvatthi, sāriputto ca kolito.

128大迦叶与迦旃延、拘希罗以及劫宾那也在那里。

Mahākassapakaccānā, koṭṭhiko kappinena ca;

129摩诃纯陀、阿那律、离婆多，还有优波离。

Mahācundo ca anuruddho, revato upāli cubho.

130阿难、罗睺罗、乔达摩弥和给孤独长者；

Ānando rāhulo ceva, gotamīnāthapiṇḍiko;

131住处、空闲处、食物，以及平等。

Senāsanaṃ vivittañca, āmisaṃ samakampi ca.

132不应给任何人以同意，优波离被询问；

Na kehi chando dātabbo, upāliparipucchito;

133持戒无过失，和合在胜者教中。

Anānuvajjo sīlena, sāmaggī jinasāsaneti.

156国桑比篇集完

Kosambakakkhandhako niṭṭhito.

157大品部完

Mahāvaggapāḷi niṭṭhitā.