1. 巴拉基咖篇(比丘尼分别)

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1. 巴拉基咖篇(比丘尼分别)

1. Pārājikakaṇḍaṃ (bhikkhunīvibhaṅgo)

11. 第一巴拉基咖

1. Paṭhamapārājikaṃ

656那时，佛陀世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。就在那时，弥伽罗的孙子沙喇想为比丘尼僧团建一座住所。于是，弥伽罗的孙子沙喇去拜访比丘尼们，这样说道：“圣尼们，我想为比丘尼僧团建一座住所。请给我一位负责工程的比丘尼吧。”就在那时，有四姐妹在比丘尼中出家了——南达、南达瓦提、孙达哩南达和图拉南达。在她们之中，孙达哩南达比丘尼年轻、刚出家不久，容貌端正、令人悦目、长相庄严，聪明、能干、有智慧、灵巧、不懒惰，具备相应的观察思考能力，有能力去做事，也有能力去安排。于是，比丘尼僧团选定孙达哩南达比丘尼，把她交给弥伽罗的孙子沙喇做工程负责人。就在那时，孙达哩南达比丘尼频繁地去弥伽罗的孙子沙喇的住处，说：“给我凿子，给我斧头，给我小斧，给我锄头，给我铲子。”弥伽罗的孙子沙喇也频繁地来比丘尼的住所，为了了解工程的进度。他们因为频繁见面而相互产生了染着的心。

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena sāḷho migāranattā bhikkhunisaṅghassa vihāraṃ kattukāmo hoti. Atha kho sāḷho migāranattā bhikkhuniyo upasaṅkamitvā etadavoca – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, ayye, bhikkhunisaṅghassa vihāraṃ kātuṃ. Detha me navakammikaṃ bhikkhuni’’nti. Tena kho pana samayena catasso bhaginiyo bhikkhunīsu pabbajitā honti – nandā, nandavatī, sundarīnandā, thullanandāti. Tāsu sundarīnandā bhikkhunī taruṇapabbajitā abhirūpā hoti dassanīyā pāsādikā paṇḍitā byattā medhāvinī dakkhā analasā, tatrupāyāya vīmaṃsāya samannāgatā, alaṃ kātuṃ alaṃ saṃvidhātuṃ. Atha kho bhikkhunisaṅgho sundarīnandaṃ bhikkhuniṃ sammannitvā sāḷhassa migāranattuno navakammikaṃ adāsi. Tena kho pana samayena sundarīnandā bhikkhunī sāḷhassa migāranattuno nivesanaṃ abhikkhaṇaṃ gacchati – ‘‘vāsiṃ detha, parasuṃ detha, kuṭhāriṃ detha, kuddālaṃ detha, nikhādanaṃ dethā’’ti. Sāḷhopi migāranattā bhikkhunupassayaṃ abhikkhaṇaṃ gacchati katākataṃ jānituṃ. Te abhiṇhadassanena paṭibaddhacittā ahesuṃ.

2于是，弥伽罗的孙子沙喇因为找不到污染孙达哩南达比丘尼的机会，就为了这件事为比丘尼僧团准备了饭食。接着，弥伽罗的孙子沙喇在饭堂铺设座位时——心想“这些比丘尼比孙达哩圣尼年长”——就把她们的座位铺在一边；又心想“这些比丘尼比孙达哩圣尼年轻”——就把她们的座位铺在另一边。他给孙达哩南达比丘尼在隐秘、偏僻的地方铺了座位，为的是让长老比丘尼们以为“她是坐在年轻比丘尼们旁边”，也为了让年轻比丘尼们以为“她是坐在长老比丘尼们旁边”。然后，弥伽罗的孙子沙喇让人向比丘尼僧团报时，说：“圣尼们，时间到了，饭食已备好。”孙达哩南达比丘尼心里明白：“弥伽罗的孙子沙喇不是为了尊重僧团，才准备这顿饭的；他是想要污染我。如果我去了，恐怕会出事。”于是，她吩咐一位随从比丘尼说：“你去把我的食物取回来。如果有人问起我，就告诉他们说‘她病了’。”“是的，圣尼”，那位比丘尼答应了孙达哩南达比丘尼。

Atha kho sāḷho migāranattā sundarīnandaṃ bhikkhuniṃ dūsetuṃ okāsaṃ alabhamāno etadevatthāya bhikkhunisaṅghassa bhattaṃ akāsi. Atha kho sāḷho migāranattā bhattagge āsanaṃ paññapento – ‘‘ettakā bhikkhuniyo ayyāya sundarīnandāya vuḍḍhatarā’’ti ekamantaṃ āsanaṃ paññapesi ‘‘ettakā navakatarā’’ti – ekamantaṃ āsanaṃ paññapesi. Paṭicchanne okāse nikūṭe sundarīnandāya bhikkhuniyā āsanaṃ paññapesi, yathā therā bhikkhuniyo jāneyyuṃ – ‘‘navakānaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ santike nisinnā’’ti; navakāpi bhikkhuniyo jāneyyuṃ – ‘‘therānaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ santike nisinnā’’ti. Atha kho sāḷho migāranattā bhikkhunisaṅghassa kālaṃ ārocāpesi – ‘‘kālo, ayye, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. Sundarīnandā bhikkhunī sallakkhetvā – ‘‘na bahukato sāḷho migāranattā bhikkhunisaṅghassa bhattaṃ akāsi; maṃ so dūsetukāmo. Sacāhaṃ gamissāmi vissaro me bhavissatī’’ti, antevāsiniṃ bhikkhuniṃ āṇāpesi – ‘‘gaccha me piṇḍapātaṃ nīhara. Yo ce maṃ pucchati, ‘gilānā’ti paṭivedehī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, ayye’’ti kho sā bhikkhunī sundarīnandāya bhikkhuniyā paccassosi.

3就在那时，弥伽罗的孙子沙喇站在外面的门楼处，追着打听孙达哩南达比丘尼：“圣尼在哪里？孙达哩南达圣尼在哪里？孙达哩南达圣尼在哪里？”听了这话，孙达哩南达比丘尼的随从比丘尼对弥伽罗的孙子沙喇这样说：“贤友，她病了；我正要给她取食物回去。”于是，弥伽罗的孙子沙喇心想：“我本是为了孙达哩南达圣尼的缘故才为比丘尼僧团准备这顿饭的。”他吩咐下人：“好好用饭食招待比丘尼僧团”，说完之后，就前往比丘尼的住所。就在那时，孙达哩南达比丘尼正站在内院的门口，等候着弥伽罗的孙子沙喇。孙达哩南达比丘尼远远地看见弥伽罗的孙子沙喇过来了。看见后，她走回自己的小屋，连头盖好，躺在了床上。接着，弥伽罗的孙子沙喇走到孙达哩南达比丘尼那里，走到后，对孙达哩南达比丘尼这样说：“圣尼，你有什么不舒服吗？为什么躺着呢？”“贤友，当不想要的人想要时，事情就是这样的。”“圣尼，我怎么会不想要你呢？我只是找不到机会污染你罢了。”有漏的弥伽罗的孙子沙喇与有漏的孙达哩南达比丘尼发生了身体接触。

Tena kho pana samayena sāḷho migāranattā bahidvārakoṭṭhake ṭhito hoti sundarīnandaṃ bhikkhuniṃ paṭipucchanto – ‘‘kahaṃ, ayye, ayyā sundarīnandā? Kahaṃ, ayye, ayyā sundarīnandā’’ti? Evaṃ vutte sundarīnandāya bhikkhuniyā antevāsinī bhikkhunī sāḷhaṃ migāranattāraṃ etadavoca – ‘‘gilānāvuso; piṇḍapātaṃ nīharissāmī’’ti. Atha kho sāḷho migāranattā – ‘‘yampāhaṃ atthāya bhikkhunisaṅghassa bhattaṃ akāsiṃ ayyāya sundarīnandāya kāraṇā’’ti manusse āṇāpetvā – ‘‘bhikkhunisaṅghaṃ bhattena parivisathā’’ti vatvā yena bhikkhunupassayo tenupasaṅkami. Tena kho pana samayena sundarīnandā bhikkhunī bahārāmakoṭṭhake ṭhitā hoti sāḷhaṃ migāranattāraṃ patimānentī. Addasā kho sundarīnandā bhikkhunī sāḷhaṃ migāranattāraṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna upassayaṃ pavisitvā sasīsaṃ pārupitvā mañcake nipajji. Atha kho sāḷho migāranattā yena sundarīnandā bhikkhunī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā sundarīnandaṃ bhikkhuniṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ te, ayye, aphāsu, kissa nipannāsī’’ti? ‘‘Evañhetaṃ, āvuso, hoti yā anicchantaṃ icchatī’’ti. ‘‘Kyāhaṃ taṃ, ayye , na icchissāmi? Api cāhaṃ okāsaṃ na labhāmi taṃ dūsetu’’nti. Avassuto avassutāya sundarīnandāya bhikkhuniyā kāyasaṃsaggaṃ samāpajji.

4就在那时，有一位年老体弱、脚有病的比丘尼正躺在离孙达哩南达比丘尼不远的地方。那位比丘尼看见，有漏的弥伽罗的孙子沙喇与有漏的孙达哩南达比丘尼发生了身体接触。看见后，她感到不满、非难、呵责：“孙达哩南达圣尼怎么可以这样！自己有漏，还去接受一个有漏男子的身体接触！”然后，那位比丘尼把这件事告诉了其他比丘尼。那些少欲、知足、有惭耻心、对恶行有顾虑、乐于修学的比丘尼们，也都感到不满、非难、呵责：“孙达哩南达圣尼怎么可以这样！自己有漏，还去接受一个有漏男子的身体接触！”接着，这些比丘尼又把这件事告诉了比丘们。那些少欲、知足、有惭耻心、对恶行有顾虑、乐于修学的比丘们，也都感到不满、非难、呵责：“孙达哩南达比丘尼怎么可以这样！自己有漏，还去接受一个有漏男子的身体接触！”

Tena kho pana samayena aññatarā bhikkhunī jarādubbalā caraṇagilānā sundarīnandāya bhikkhuniyā avidūre nipannā hoti. Addasā kho sā bhikkhunī sāḷhaṃ migāranattāraṃ avassutaṃ avassutāya sundarīnandāya bhikkhuniyā kāyasaṃsaggaṃ samāpajjantaṃ. Disvāna ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma ayyā sundarīnandā avassutā avassutassa purisapuggalassa kāyasaṃsaggaṃ sādiyissatī’’ti ! Atha kho sā bhikkhunī bhikkhunīnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesi. Yā tā bhikkhuniyo appicchā santuṭṭhā lajjiniyo kukkuccikā sikkhākāmā tā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma ayyā sundarīnandā avassutā avassutassa purisapuggalassa kāyasaṃsaggaṃ sādiyissatī’’ti! Atha kho tā bhikkhuniyo bhikkhūnaṃ etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā santuṭṭhā lajjino kukkuccakā sikkhākāmā te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti – ‘‘kathañhi nāma sundarīnandā bhikkhunī avassutā avassutassa purisapuggalassa kāyasaṃsaggaṃ sādiyissatī’’ti!

5于是，那些比丘们以种种方式呵责了孙达哩南达比丘尼之后，把这件事告诉了世尊。于是，世尊以此事为因缘，以此事为事件，召集了比丘僧团，质问比丘们：“比丘们，听说孙达哩南达比丘尼自己有漏，还去接受一个有漏男子的身体接触，这是真的吗？”“是真的，世尊。”佛陀世尊呵责说：“比丘们，孙达哩南达比丘尼这么做，是不恰当的、不合规矩的、不光彩的、不是沙门所为的、是不应做的、是不能做的。比丘们，孙达哩南达比丘尼自己有漏，还去接受一个有漏男子的身体接触，这怎么可以呢！比丘们，这不能令未信者生信，也不能令已信者信心增长。比丘们，这只会让未信者更不信，让一部分已信者的信心产生动摇。”接着，世尊以种种方式呵责了孙达哩南达比丘尼，宣说了难以供养、难照顾、多欲、不知足、乐于聚群、懈怠的过患；再以种种方式赞叹了易于供养、易照顾、少欲、知足、自我节制、严于律己、庄严、谦卑、精进努力的功德。为比丘们开示了与此事相应、随顺的法语后，世尊对比丘们说：“那么，比丘们，我就为比丘尼们制定一条学处，这是基于十种意义：为了僧团的优越，为了僧团的安乐，为了折服那些顽固不化的比丘尼，为了让那些行为端正的比丘尼安乐而住，为了防护现世的烦恼，为了防护来世的烦恼，为了让未信者生信，为了让已信者信心增长，为了让正法久住，为了护持戒律。那么，比丘们，比丘尼们应当这样诵念此学处——

Atha kho te bhikkhū sundarīnandaṃ bhikkhuniṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṃ nidāne etasmiṃ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṅghaṃ sannipātāpetvā bhikkhū paṭipucchi – ‘‘saccaṃ kira, bhikkhave, sundarīnandā bhikkhunī avassutā avassutassa purisapuggalassa kāyasaṃsaggaṃ sādiyatī’’ti ? ‘‘Saccaṃ, bhagavā’’ti. Vigarahi buddho bhagavā – ‘‘ananucchavikaṃ, bhikkhave, sundarīnandāya bhikkhuniyā ananulomikaṃ appatirūpaṃ assāmaṇakaṃ akappiyaṃ akaraṇīyaṃ. Kathañhi nāma, bhikkhave, sundarīnandā bhikkhunī avassutā avassutassa purisapuggalassa kāyasaṃsaggaṃ sādiyissati! Netaṃ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṃ vā pasādāya pasannānaṃ vā bhiyyobhāvāya. Atha khvetaṃ, bhikkhave , appasannānañceva appasādāya pasannānañca ekaccānaṃ aññathattāyā’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā sundarīnandaṃ bhikkhuniṃ anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā dubbharatāya dupposatāya mahicchatāya asantuṭṭhitāya saṅgaṇikāya kosajjassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsitvā, anekapariyāyena subharatāya suposatāya appicchassa santuṭṭhassa sallekhassa dhutassa pāsādikassa apacayassa vīriyārambhassa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsitvā, bhikkhūnaṃ tadanucchavikaṃ tadanulomikaṃ dhammiṃ kathaṃ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhunīnaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññapessāmi dasa atthavase paṭicca – saṅghasuṭṭhutāya, saṅghaphāsutāya, dummaṅkūnaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ niggahāya , pesalānaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ phāsuvihārāya, diṭṭhadhammikānaṃ āsavānaṃ saṃvarāya, samparāyikānaṃ āsavānaṃ paṭighātāya, appasannānaṃ pasādāya, pasannānaṃ bhiyyobhāvāya, saddhammaṭṭhitiyā vinayānuggahāya. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhuniyo imaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ uddisantu –

657。【待续】

ti.

658。【待续】“yā panā”指的是：她是哪一种、怎样类别的、怎样出生的、叫何名字、属何家族、有何等的戒行、有何等的生活方式、有何等的行处，无论是长老尼，还是新学尼，或是中座尼，——这被称为“yā panā”（凡是那种）。

ti yā yādisā yathāyuttā yathājaccā yathānāmā yathāgottā yathāsīlā yathāvihārinī yathāgocarā therā vā navā vā majjhimā vā, esā vuccati yā panāti.

8。【待续】“bhikkhunī”（比丘尼）的涵义有：乞食者称为比丘尼；依乞食行而活者称为比丘尼；著割截衣者称为比丘尼；依名称而称比丘尼；依自许而称比丘尼；以“善来”方式成为的比丘尼称为比丘尼；通过归依三宝成为的比丘尼称为比丘尼；贤善的比丘尼；核心的比丘尼；有学的比丘尼；无学的比丘尼；通过和合的二部僧团，以白四羯磨、不被扰乱、确立地位的仪式而成为的比丘尼，称为比丘尼。在这些解释中，那种通过和合的二部僧团，以白四羯磨、不被扰乱、确立地位的仪式而成为的比丘尼，就是在此处所指的“比丘尼”。

ti bhikkhikāti bhikkhunī; bhikkhācariyaṃ ajjhupagatāti bhikkhunī; bhinnapaṭadharāti bhikkhunī ; samaññāya bhikkhunī; paṭiññāya bhikkhunī; ehi bhikkhunīti bhikkhunī; tīhi saraṇagamanehi upasampannāti bhikkhunī; bhadrā bhikkhunī; sārā bhikkhunī; sekhā bhikkhunī; asekhā bhikkhunī; samaggena ubhatosaṅghena ñatticatutthena kammena akuppena ṭhānārahena upasampannāti bhikkhunī. Tatra yāyaṃ bhikkhunī samaggena ubhatosaṅghena ñatticatutthena kammena akuppena ṭhānārahena upasampannā, ayaṃ imasmiṃ atthe adhippetā bhikkhunīti.

9她，是有染着的、满怀欲望的、心被系缚的。

nāma sārattā apekkhavatī paṭibaddhacittā.

10他，是有染着的、满怀欲望的、心被系缚的。

nāma sāratto apekkhavā paṭibaddhacitto.

11他，是一个人类男子，不是夜叉、不是饿鬼、不是畜生，具有辨别能力且能进行身体接触的。

nāma manussapuriso na yakkho na peto na tiracchānagato viññū paṭibalo kāyasaṃsaggaṃ samāpajjituṃ.

12是指锁骨以下。

nti heṭṭhakkhakaṃ.

13是指膝盖以上。

nti uparijāṇumaṇḍalaṃ.

14是指仅仅被触摸。

nāma āmaṭṭhamattaṃ.

15是指来回的推动移动。

nāma itocito ca sañcopanaṃ.

16是指仅仅被抓握。

nāma gahitamattaṃ.

17叫作只是碰触。

nāma phuṭṭhamattaṃ.

18执取肢体后接受按压，叫这个。

ti aṅgaṃ gahetvā nippīḷanaṃ sādiyati.

19是依据前两者而说的。

ti purimāyo upādāya vuccati.

20就像一个人被斩断头颅后，不可能再依靠那身体的连接而继续存活；同样地，一位比丘尼，如果是有漏的，接受了一位有漏男子在锁骨以下、膝盖以上的范围内，或以抚摸，或以摩触，或以握持，或以碰触，或以按压，她就从此不是沙门尼，不是释迦之女。因此说，她成了巴拉基咖。

ti seyyathāpi nāma puriso sīsacchinno abhabbo tena sarīrabandhanena jīvituṃ, evameva bhikkhunī avassutā avassutassa purisapuggalassa adhakkhakaṃ ubbhajāṇumaṇḍalaṃ āmasanaṃ vā parāmasanaṃ vā gahaṇaṃ vā chupanaṃ vā paṭipīḷanaṃ vā sādiyantī assamaṇī hoti asakyadhītā. Tena vuccati pārājikā hotīti.

21“共住”是指：同一羯磨，同一说戒，同学处——这就叫作共住。她与她之间，这种共住已不复存在，因此说“不共住”。

ti nāma ekakammaṃ ekuddeso samasikkhatā, eso saṃvāso nāma. So tāya saddhiṃ natthi, tena vuccati asaṃvāsāti.

659双方都有漏，在锁骨以下、膝盖以上，以身触身，巴拉基咖罪。以身触身所系之物，土拉吒亚罪。以系身之物触身，土拉吒亚罪。以系身之物触系身之物，恶作罪。

Ubhatoavassute adhakkhakaṃ ubbhajāṇumaṇḍalaṃ kāyena kāyaṃ āmasati, āpatti pārājikassa. Kāyena kāyapaṭibaddhaṃ āmasati, āpatti thullaccayassa. Kāyapaṭibaddhena kāyaṃ āmasati, āpatti thullaccayassa. Kāyapaṭibaddhena kāyapaṭibaddhaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

23以被舍弃之物触身，恶作罪。以被舍弃之物触身所系之物，恶作罪。以被舍弃之物触被舍弃之物，恶作罪。

Nissaggiyena kāyaṃ āmasati , āpatti dukkaṭassa. Nissaggiyena kāyapaṭibaddhaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Nissaggiyena nissaggiyaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

24在锁骨以上、膝盖以下，以身触身，土拉吒亚罪。以身触身所系之物，恶作罪。以系身之物触身，恶作罪。以系身之物触系身之物，恶作罪。

Ubbhakkhakaṃ adhojāṇumaṇḍalaṃ kāyena kāyaṃ āmasati, āpatti thullaccayassa. Kāyena kāyapaṭibaddhaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Kāyapaṭibaddhena kāyaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Kāyapaṭibaddhena kāyapaṭibaddhaṃ āmasati, āpatti dukkaṭassa.

25用被舍弃的物体触碰身体,犯恶作罪。用被舍弃的物体触碰身体所系之物,犯恶作罪。用被舍弃的物体触碰被舍弃物,犯恶作罪。