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6. 住所篇集义注

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16. 卧坐具犍度
6. Senāsanakkhandhakaṃ
2允许精舍之论
Vihārānujānanakathā
294294. 在《卧坐具犍度》中——“未被制定”即“未被允许”。“精舍”是指除半圆屋等之外的其余住处。半圆屋即金翅鸟形弯曲之屋。宫殿即长形殿堂。楼阁即建于上方虚空层之有顶殿舍,亦即宫殿。窟即砖窟、石窟、木窟、土窟。“已来、未来之四方僧众”即已来及未来之在四方无碍游行的四方僧众。
294. Senāsanakkhandhake – apaññattaṃ hotīti ananuññātaṃ hoti. Vihāro nāma aḍḍhayogādimuttako avasesāvāso. Aḍḍhayogoti supaṇṇavaṅkagehaṃ. Pāsādoti dīghapāsādo. Hammiyanti upariākāsatale patiṭṭhitakūṭāgāro pāsādoyeva. Guhāti iṭṭhakāguhā silāguhā dāruguhā paṃsuguhā. Āgatānāgatassa cātuddisassa saṅghassāti āgatassa ca anāgatassa ca catūsu disāsu appaṭihatacārassa cātuddisassa saṅghassa.
295295. 在随喜偈中——“寒冷、炎热”是就季节差异而说。“在寒季与雨中”此处,“寒季”指触风,“雨中”指直下的云雨。所有这些“能遮挡”应与此句相连。
295. Anumodanagāthāsu – sītaṃ uṇhanti utuvisabhāgavasena vuttaṃ. Sisire cāpi vuṭṭhiyoti ettha sisiroti samphusitakavāto vuccati. Vuṭṭhiyoti ujukameghavuṭṭhiyo eva. Etāni sabbāni paṭihantīti imināva padena yojetabbāni.
3“被遮挡”即被精舍所遮挡。“为隐蔽”即为隐蔽之目的。“为安乐”即因无寒冷等灾患而安乐住。“为禅修与观照”此二词应与“为安乐”此句相连。此即说:精舍布施是为安乐,何等安乐?即禅修与观照之安乐,为此目的。或者也可与后句相连:为禅修与观照而布施精舍;此处,布施精舍者想“他们将在此禅修、观照”,此布施僧众之精舍被佛陀赞为最上。即如所说:“凡施与住处者,彼即施与一切。”
Paṭihaññatīti vihārena paṭihaññati. Leṇatthanti nilīyanatthaṃ. Sukhatthanti sītādiparissayābhāvena sukhavihāratthaṃ. Jhāyituñca vipassitunti idampi padadvayaṃ ‘‘sukhatthañcā’’ti imināva padena yojetabbaṃ. Idañhi vuttaṃ hoti – sukhatthañca vihāradānaṃ, katamaṃ sukhatthaṃ? Jhāyituṃ vipassituñca yaṃ sukhaṃ, tadatthaṃ. Atha vā parapadenapi yojetabbaṃ – jhāyituñca vipassituñca vihāradānaṃ; idha jhāyissanti vipassissantīti dadato vihāradānaṃ saṅghassa aggaṃ buddhena vaṇṇitaṃ. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘so ca sabbadado hoti, yo dadāti upassaya’’nti (saṃ. ni. 1.42).
4且因被赞为最上,故有“是故贤智者”之偈。“应令多闻者住此”此处,应令教理多闻者与证悟多闻者住于精舍。“及彼等之食物”即适合彼等之食物、饮料、衣物及床、椅等卧坐具,这一切应施与那些正直、无谄曲心者。“应施与”即应安置。且应以净信心,不失坏信心而施;如是净信心者,彼等为其说法……乃至无漏般涅槃。
Yasmā ca aggaṃ vaṇṇitaṃ , ‘‘tasmā hi paṇḍito poso’’ti gāthā. Vāsayettha bahussuteti ettha vihāre pariyattibahussute ca paṭivedhabahussute ca vāseyya. Tesaṃ annañcāti yaṃ tesaṃ anucchavikaṃ annañca pānañca vatthāni ca mañcapīṭhādisenāsanāni ca, taṃ sabbaṃ tesu ujubhūtesu akuṭilacittesu. Dadeyyāti nidaheyya. Tañca kho vippasannena cetasā na cittappasādaṃ virādhetvā, evaṃ vippasannacittassa hi te tassa dhammaṃ desenti…pe… parinibbāti anāsavoti.
296296. 拉绳孔、拉绳——此处,绳即使是以豹尾制成,亦许可用;无任何不许。三钥即三把钥匙。机关、钥匙——此处,凡所知的机关,及其开启之钥匙,皆可制作。栏楯窗即似塔庙栏楯者。网窗即以网制成者。杆窗即柱窗。轮擦——此处,允许绑制布足擦,此是义。窗褥——允许按窗之量制成褥而绑之,此是义。粪即粪块。竹片床即藤床;以竹篾或藤篾编织者。
296.Āviñchanacchiddaṃ āviñchanarajjunti ettha rajju nāma sacepi dīpinaṅguṭṭhena katā hoti, vaṭṭatiyeva; na kāci na vaṭṭati. Tīṇi tāḷānīti tisso kuñcikāyo. Yantakaṃ sūcikanti ettha yaṃ yaṃ jānāti taṃ taṃ yantakaṃ, tassa vivaraṇasūcikañca kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Vedikāvātapānaṃ nāma cetiye vedikāsadisaṃ. Jālavātapānaṃ nāma jālakabaddhaṃ. Salākavātapānaṃ nāma thambhakavātapānaṃ. Cakkalikanti ettha coḷakapādapuñchanaṃ bandhituṃ anujānāmīti attho. Vātapānabhisīti vātapānappamāṇena bhisiṃ katvā bandhituṃ anujānāmīti attho. Miḍḍhinti miḍḍhakaṃ. Bidalamañcakanti vettamañcaṃ; veḷuvilīvehi vā vītaṃ.
297297. 靠背椅即四方形座。高座亦为靠背椅,由此语可知,仅一边长座、八指高足者许用;而四方形靠背椅即使超过尺寸亦许用,应知。七支床即于三边作靠背而制成之床,此亦超过尺寸许用。吉祥凳即藤制凳。小凳即绑布之凳。羊足凳即于木板上安足,如食盘而作之凳。余甘子圈凳即以余甘子形组合之多足凳。此等为巴利圣典中所出之凳。然而,凡木制之凳皆许用,此为此处之决断。拂尘即优尸罗草制或文阇草、灯心草制者。
297.Āsandikoti caturassapīṭhaṃ vuccati. Uccakampi āsandikanti vacanato ekatobhāgena dīghapīṭhameva hi aṭṭhaṅgulapādakaṃ vaṭṭati, caturassaāsandiko pana pamāṇātikkantopi vaṭṭatīti veditabbo. Sattaṅgo nāma tīsu disāsu apassayaṃ katvā katamañco, ayampi pamāṇātikkanto vaṭṭati. Bhaddapīṭhanti vettamayaṃ pīṭhaṃ vuccati. Pīṭhikāti pilotikābaddhapīṭhameva. Eḷakapādapīṭhaṃ nāma dārupaṭṭikāya upari pāde ṭhapetvā bhojanaphalakaṃ viya katapīṭhaṃ vuccati. Āmalakavaṭṭikapīṭhaṃ nāma āmalakākārena yojitaṃ bahupādakapīṭhaṃ. Imāni tāva pāḷiyaṃ āgatapīṭhāni. Dārumayaṃ pana sabbaṃ pīṭhaṃ vaṭṭatīti ayamettha vinicchayo. Kocchanti usiramayaṃ vā muñjapabbajamayaṃ vā.
7“床脚垫最高八指”此处,以人之标准指为八指。地毡即于已处理之地面上,为保护皮肤而铺之敷物。树绵即木棉树等任何树木之绵。藤绵即乳藤等任何藤蔓之绵。草绵即茅草等任何草类之绵,乃至甘蔗茎等之绵。以此三者,一切生物类皆被包含。因除树、藤、草类外,别无其他生物类,故任何生物类之绵,于枕头许用;然若至褥,则此一切皆称为不净绵。不仅枕头中此等绵许用,天鹅、孔雀等一切鸟类,狮子等一切四足兽之毛亦许用。而胡荽子花、茉莉花等任何花则不许用。纯之香叶不许用,然杂者许用。褥之允许五种,羊毛等绵亦许用。
Aṭṭhaṅgulaparamaṃ mañcapaṭipādakanti ettha manussānaṃ pamāṇaṅgulameva aṭṭhaṅgulaṃ. Cimilikā nāma parikammakatāya bhūmiyā chavisaṃrakkhaṇatthāya attharaṇaṃ vuccati. Rukkhatūlanti simbalirukkhādīnaṃ yesaṃ kesañci rukkhānaṃ tūlaṃ. Latātūlanti khīravalliādīnaṃ yāsaṃ kāsañci vallīnaṃ tūlaṃ. Poṭakitūlanti poṭakitiṇādīnaṃ yesaṃ kesañci tiṇajātikānaṃ antamaso ucchunaḷādīnampi tūlaṃ. Etehi tīhi sabbabhūtagāmā saṅgahitā honti. Rukkhavallitiṇajātiyo hi muñcitvā añño bhūtagāmo nāma natthi, tasmā yassa kassaci bhūtagāmassa tūlaṃ bimbohane vaṭṭati, bhisiṃ pana pāpuṇitvā sabbampetaṃ akappiyatūlanti vuccati. Na kevalañca bimbohane etaṃ tūlameva, haṃsamorādīnaṃ sabbasakuṇānaṃ sīhādīnaṃ sabbacatuppadānañca lomampi vaṭṭati. Piyaṅgupupphabakuḷapupphādi pana yaṃkiñci pupphaṃ na vaṭṭati. Tamālapattaṃ suddhameva na vaṭṭati, missakaṃ pana vaṭṭati. Bhisīnaṃ anuññātaṃ pañcavidhaṃ uṇṇāditūlampi vaṭṭati.
8“半身量”是指半身尺寸的[卧具],从腰部以上至头部垫用。所谓“头部尺寸”,其宽度在双耳之间量取,为一搩手又四指,中间部分为一拳宝。长度则为一搩手半或两搩手,这是《库伦提》中所说。这是头部尺寸的最高界限。超过此则不允许,低于此则允许。无病者仅允许头枕和脚枕两种。病者则允许铺上枕头,再覆以垫褥而卧。普沙提婆长老说:“凡是被允许的五种如法绵,用这些做成的大枕头也是允许的。”持律者优波提舍长老则说:“若心想‘我要做枕头’,无论放入如法绵或不如法绵,制作时只要符合尺寸即可。”
Addhakāyikānīti upaḍḍhakāyappamāṇāni, yesu kaṭito paṭṭhāya yāva sīsaṃ upadahanti. Sīsappamāṇaṃ nāma yassa vitthārato tīsu kaṇṇesu dvinnaṃ kaṇṇānaṃ antaraṃ minīyamānaṃ vidatthi ceva caturaṅgulañca hoti, majjhaṭṭhānaṃ muṭṭhiratanaṃ hoti. Dīghato pana diyaḍḍharatanaṃ vā dviratanaṃ vāti kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ. Ayaṃ sīsappamāṇassa ukkaṭṭhaparicchedo. Ito uddhaṃ na vaṭṭati, heṭṭhā pana vaṭṭati. Agilānassa sīsupadhānañca pādupadhānañcāti dvayameva vaṭṭati . Gilānassa bimbohanāni santharitvā upari paccattharaṇaṃ katvā nipajjitumpi vaṭṭati. ‘‘Yāni pana bhisīnaṃ anuññātāni pañca kappiyatūlāni, tehi bimbohanaṃ mahantampi vaṭṭatī’’ti phussadevatthero āha. Vinayadharaupatissatthero pana ‘‘bimbohanaṃ karissāmī’ti kappiyatūlaṃ vā akappiyatūlaṃ vā pakkhipitvā karontassa pamāṇameva vaṭṭatī’’ti āha.
9“五种褥垫”是指用羊毛等五种[绵]填充的褥垫。这些是按绵的种类来计数的。其中,所谓“羊毛”并非仅指山羊羊毛,除了人毛之外,任何如法或不如法的肉类众生、鸟类和四足动物的毛,在此都归入“羊毛”的范畴。因此,用六种衣或六种随顺衣中的任何一种做成褥套,将所有这些[毛]填入而制作褥垫,是允许的。即使不填入山羊羊毛,仅将毛毯四折或五折填入而制成的,也算作羊毛褥垫。
Pañca bhisiyoti pañcahi uṇṇādīhi pūritabhisiyo. Tūlagaṇanāya hi etāsaṃ gaṇanā vuttā. Tattha uṇṇaggahaṇena na kevalaṃ eḷakalomameva gahitaṃ, ṭhapetvā manussalomaṃ yaṃkiñci kappiyākappiyamaṃsajātīnaṃ pakkhicatuppadānaṃ lomaṃ, sabbaṃ idha uṇṇaggahaṇeneva gahitaṃ. Tasmā channaṃ cīvarānaṃ channaṃ anulomacīvarānañca aññatarena bhisicchaviṃ katvā taṃ sabbaṃ pakkhipitvā bhisiṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Eḷakalomāni pana apakkhipitvā kambalameva catugguṇaṃ vā pañcaguṇaṃ vā pakkhipitvā katāpi uṇṇabhisisaṅkhyameva gacchati.
10在布褥垫等之中,应知:收集任何新布或旧布,或填入内部而制成的为布褥垫;填入任何树皮纤维而制成的为树皮纤维褥垫;填入任何草而制成的为草褥垫;除了纯的多摩罗叶之外,填入任何叶子而制成的为叶褥垫。多摩罗叶只能与其他[叶]混合使用,纯的则不允许。褥垫没有尺寸规定,床褥垫、座褥垫、地敷褥垫、经行褥垫、擦脚褥垫等,应观察其适宜性,随自己喜好确定尺寸。至于这五种绵等[材料]可用于褥垫,在《库伦提》中说“也可用于枕头”。由此,使用枕头便得以成立。
Coḷabhisiādīsu yaṃkiñci navacoḷaṃ vā purāṇacoḷaṃ vā saṃharitvā vā anto pakkhipitvā vā katā coḷabhisi, yaṃkiñci vākaṃ pakkhipitvā katā vākabhisi, yaṃkiñci tiṇaṃ pakkhipitvā katā tiṇabhisi, aññatra suddhatamālapattaṃ yaṃkiñci paṇṇaṃ pakkhipitvā katā paṇṇabhisīti veditabbā. Tamālapattaṃ pana aññena missameva vaṭṭati, suddhaṃ na vaṭṭati. Bhisiyā pamāṇaniyamo natthi, mañcabhisi pīṭhabhisi bhūmattharaṇabhisi caṅkamanabhisi pādapuñchanabhisīti etāsaṃ anurūpato sallakkhetvā attano rucivasena pamāṇaṃ kātabbaṃ. Yaṃ panetaṃ uṇṇādipañcavidhatūlampi bhisiyaṃ vaṭṭati, taṃ ‘‘masūrakepi vaṭṭatī’’ti kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ. Etena masūrakaṃ paribhuñjituṃ vaṭṭatīti siddhaṃ hoti.
11“将床褥垫铺在座上”是指将床褥垫铺在座上;为铺设而携带,这是合理的。“不衬底布”是指下面不垫衬布。“点染”是指用染料或姜黄在上面作点状装饰。“条纹工艺”是指在褥套上作条纹工艺。“手条纹”是指五指宽的条纹。
Mañcabhisiṃ pīṭhe santharantīti mañcabhisiṃ pīṭhe attharanti; attharaṇatthāya harantīti yujjati. Ullokaṃ akaritvāti heṭṭhā cimilikaṃ adatvā. Phositunti rajanena vā haliddiyā vā upari phusitāni dātuṃ. Bhattikammanti bhisicchaviyā upari bhattikammaṃ. Hatthabhattinti pañcaṅgulibhattiṃ.
298298.“甘蔗渣”是指树胶或粘液。“粉团”是指粉泥团。“麸泥”是指混有麸的泥。“芥子粉”是指芥子粉末。“蜡油”是指融化的蜜蜡。“变得过厚”是指成为点滴状而停留。“应除去”是指应擦拭。“蚯蚓粪泥”是指蚯蚓粪的泥。“苦涩汁”是指余甘子、诃子的苦涩汁。
298.Ikkāsanti rukkhaniyyāsaṃ vā silesaṃ vā. Piṭṭhamaddanti piṭṭhakhaliṃ. Kuṇḍakamattikanti kuṇḍakamissakamattikaṃ. Sāsapakuṭṭanti sāsapapiṭṭhaṃ. Sitthatelakanti vilīnamadhusitthakaṃ. Accussannaṃ hotīti bindu bindu hutvā tiṭṭhati. Paccuddharitunti puñchituṃ. Gaṇḍumattikanti gaṇḍuppādagūthamattikaṃ. Kasāvanti āmalakaharītakānaṃ kasāvaṃ.
299299.“诸比丘,不应作令生喜好的图像”——在此,不仅男女之形,乃至畜生之形,甚至蚯蚓之形,比丘自己也不应作,或说“你作”也不允许,说“居士,你作守门者”也不得允许。然而,能令人生信或与厌离相关的本生故事、布施等事迹,则可让他人制作。花鬘工艺等,自己也可以作。
299.Na bhikkhave paṭibhānacittanti ettha na kevalaṃ itthipurisarūpameva, tiracchānarūpampi antamaso gaṇḍuppādarūpampi bhikkhuno sayaṃ kātuṃ vā ‘‘karohī’’ti vattuṃ vā na vaṭṭati, ‘‘upāsaka dvārapālaṃ karohī’’ti vattumpi na labbhati. Jātakapakaraṇaasadisadānādīni pana pasādanīyāni nibbidāpaṭisaṃyuttāni vā vatthūni parehi kārāpetuṃ labbhati. Mālākammādīni sayampi kātuṃ labbhati.
300“阿拉迦曼达”是指单一场地、人群聚集之处。“三种房室”在此:所谓“轿室”即方形室;所谓“管室”即宽度两倍或三倍于长度的长形室;所谓“楼阁室”即露台上的尖顶阁楼室或平顶室。
300.Aḷakamandāti ekaṅgaṇā manussābhikiṇṇā. Tayo gabbheti ettha sivikāgabbhoti caturassagabbho. Nāḷikāgabbhoti vitthārato diguṇatiguṇāyāmo dīghagabbho. Hammiyagabbhoti ākāsatale kūṭāgāragabbho vā muṇḍacchadanagabbho vā.
15“污迹足”是指凿穿树木,在其中钉入桩而制成的,意为:允许将这种可移动的墙柱,为支撑破旧墙脚而竖立在地上。“防护篱笆”是指为防雨而设的篱笆。“湿灰泥”是指用牛犊粪和灰一起混合揉捏的泥。
Kalaṅkapādakanti rukkhaṃ vijjhitvā tattha khāṇuke ākoṭetvā kataṃ, taṃ āharimaṃ bhittipādaṃ jiṇṇakuṭṭapādassa upatthambhanatthaṃ bhūmiyaṃ patiṭṭhāpetuṃ anujānāmīti attho. Parittāṇakiṭikanti vassaparittāṇatthaṃ kiṭikaṃ. Uddasudhanti vacchakagomayena ceva chārikāya ca saddhiṃ madditamattikaṃ.
16“阿林多”是指前廊。“帕迦那”是指进出时用脚踩踏之处,这是对精舍门口两侧伸出墙外所建之处的称呼,也称为“帕迦那”。“帕库塔”是指环绕内室中央的回廊,也有读作“帕库塔”的。“奥萨拉卡”是指在无前廊的精舍上架设竹子,从其上伸出小椽而做的带顶前廊。“旋转篱笆”是指装有轮子的篱笆。
Āḷindo nāma pamukhaṃ vuccati. Paghanaṃ nāma yaṃ nikkhamantā ca pavisantā ca pādehi hananti, tassa vihāradvāre ubhato kuṭṭaṃ nīharitvā katapadesassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ, ‘‘paghāna’’ntipi vuccati. Pakuṭṭanti majjhe gabbhassa samantā pariyāgāro vuccati. ‘‘Pakuṭa’’ntipi pāṭho. Osārakanti anāḷindake vihāre vaṃsaṃ datvā tato daṇḍake osāretvā katachadanapamukhaṃ. Saṃsāraṇakiṭiko nāma cakkalayutto kiṭiko.
301“饮水器”是指供饮用者饮水的容器。勺子和碗是随顺于饮水器的。
301.Pānīyabhājananti pivantānaṃ pānīyadānabhājanaṃ. Uḷuṅko ca thālakañca pānīyasaṅkhassa anulomāni.
303“阿佩斯”是指在长木中插入桩子,并用带刺枝条捆绑而成的门闩。“帕利迦”是如村门那样装有轮子的门闩。
303.Apesīti dīghadārumhi khāṇuke pavesetvā kaṇṭakasākhāhi vinandhitvā kataṃ dvārathakanakaṃ. Palighoti gāmadvāresu viya cakkayuttaṃ dvārathakanakaṃ.
305305. 由母骡所驾的车为母骡车。“佩戴宝珠耳环”是指佩戴了宝珠耳环。
305. Assatarīhi yuttā rathā assatarīrathā. Āmuttamaṇikuṇḍalāti āmuttamaṇikuṇḍalāni.
20“般涅槃”者,谓以烦恼般涅槃而般涅槃。“清凉”者,谓以无烦恼热恼而清凉。“无依”者,谓以无烦恼依而称为无依。
Parinibbutoti kilesaparinibbānena parinibbuto. Sītibhūtoti kilesātapābhāvena sītibhūto. Nirūpadhīti kilesupadhiabhāvena nirūpadhīti vuccati.
21“断除一切渴爱”者,谓断除对色等境界或一切有中的希求。“调伏心中烦恼”者,谓去除心中的烦恼热恼。“衰老”是指衰败。
Sabbā āsattiyo chetvāti rūpādīsu vā visayesu sabbabhavesu vā patthanāyo chinditvā. Hadaye daranti citte kilesadarathaṃ vinetvā. Veyyāyikanti vayakaraṇaṃ vuccati.
307“应受持之语”的意思是:许多人认为他的话应当被接受、应当被听取。“在园林中建造”指那些有财富的人,用自己的财富建造。那些财富少或无财富的人,他则给予财富。如此,他布施了十万迦哈波那和等值十万的物资,在四十五由旬的道路上,每一由旬设立一处精舍,然后前往舍卫城。
307.Ādeyyavācoti tassa vacanaṃ bahū janā ādiyitabbaṃ sotabbaṃ maññantīti attho. Ārāme akaṃsūti ye sadhanā, te attano dhanena akaṃsu. Ye mandadhanā ceva adhanā ca, tesaṃ dhanaṃ adāsi. Iti so satasahassakahāpaṇe satasahassagghanakañca bhaṇḍaṃ datvā pañcacattālīsayojanike addhāne yojane yojane vihārapatiṭṭhānaṃ katvā sāvatthiṃ agamāsi.
23“铺设千万之毯”指以千万迦哈波那换取千万迦哈波那后铺设。他量取那里树木或池塘的围栏尺寸,在另一处铺设后布施。如此,他十八千万的宝藏耗尽。
Koṭisantharaṃsantharāpesīti kahāpaṇakoṭiyā kahāpaṇakoṭiṃ paṭipādetvā santhari. Ye tattha rukkhā vā pokkharaṇiyo vā tesaṃ parikkhepappamāṇaṃ gahetvā aññasmiṃ ṭhāne santharitvā adāsi. Evamassa aṭṭhārasakoṭikaṃ nidhānaṃ parikkhayaṃ agamāsi.
24“王子心想”指见到居士虽如此布施大量财富,面容却依然清净明朗,于是生起此念。“建造门楼”指建造七层高的门楼殿堂。
Kumārassaetadahosīti gahapatino evaṃ bahudhanaṃ cajantassāpi mukhassa vippasannākāraṃ disvā etaṃ ahosi. Koṭṭhakaṃ māpesīti sattabhūmikaṃ dvārakoṭṭhakapāsādaṃ māpesi.
25那时,给孤独居士在祇园建造精舍……建造讲堂等,又以另外十八千万在八迦梨沙量的土地上建造了这些精舍等。毗婆尸世尊时,富楼那须弥陀居士以金砖铺设购买了一由旬的土地建造精舍;尸弃世尊时,吉祥增居士以金杖铺设购买了三伽浮陀的土地;毗舍浮世尊时,安稳居士以金犁铺设购买了半由旬的土地;拘留孙世尊时,不动居士以金象足迹铺设购买了一伽浮陀的土地;拘那含世尊时,优伽居士以金砖铺设购买了半伽浮陀的土地;迦叶世尊时,善吉祥居士以金龟壳铺设购买了二十乌沙巴的土地;我们的世尊时,须达多居士以迦哈波那铺设购买了八迦梨沙的土地建造精舍。如此,福德逐渐衰减,故确实应对一切福德离欲,确实应解脱。
Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati jetavane vihāre kārāpesi…pe… maṇḍape kārāpesīti aparāhipi aṭṭhārasahi koṭīhi ete vihārādayo kārāpesi aṭṭhakarīsappamāṇāya bhūmiyā. Vipassissa hi bhagavato punabbasumitto gahapati yojanappamāṇaṃ bhūmiṃ suvaṇṇiṭṭhakāsantharena kiṇitvā vihāraṃ kārāpesi. Sikhissa pana sirivaḍḍho gahapati tigāvutappamāṇaṃ suvaṇṇayaṭṭhisantharena, vessabhussa sotthijo gahapati aḍḍhayojanappamāṇaṃ suvaṇṇaphālasantharena, kakusandhassa pana accuto gahapati gāvutappamāṇaṃ suvaṇṇahatthipadasantharena, koṇāgamanassa uggo gahapati aḍḍhagāvutappamāṇaṃ suvaṇṇiṭṭhakāsantharena, kassapassa sumaṅgalo gahapati vīsatiusabhappamāṇaṃ suvaṇṇakacchapasantharena, amhākaṃ bhagavato sudatto gahapati aṭṭhakarīsappamāṇaṃ bhūmiṃ kahāpaṇasantharena kiṇitvā vihāraṃ kārāpesīti; evaṃ anupubbena parihāyanti sampattiyoti alameva sabbasampattīsu virajjituṃ alaṃ vimuccitunti.
308“破裂”指破裂之处。“绽开”指绽开之处。“将修复”指将恢复原状。然而,获得新工作的比丘不应自己拿着斧、凿、锄等工具去做,应知所做与未做。
308.Khaṇḍanti bhinnokāso. Phullanti phalitokāso. Paṭisaṅkharissatīti pākatikaṃ karissati. Laddhanavakammena pana bhikkhunā vāsipharasunikhādanādīni gahetvā sayaṃ na kātabbaṃ, katākataṃ jānitabbaṃ.
310“从后面从后面而行”指据说长老在照顾病人、摄受年老体弱者时,总是走在最后。这是他的行为准则。因此说“从后面从后面而行”。“最上座”指长老的座位。“最上水”指供养水。“最上食”指僧团长老的食。“置于腿间”指置于四足之间。
310.Piṭṭhito piṭṭhito gantvāti thero kira gilāne paṭijagganto jiṇṇe vuḍḍhe saṅgaṇhanto sabbapacchato āgacchati. Idamassa cārittaṃ. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘‘piṭṭhito piṭṭhito gantvā’’ti. Aggāsananti therāsanaṃ. Aggodakanti dakkhiṇodakaṃ. Aggapiṇḍanti saṅghattherapiṇḍaṃ. Antarā satthīnaṃ karitvāti catunnaṃ pādānaṃ antare karitvā.
315“建立”指舍弃十八千万后建立。如此,总共舍弃了五十四千万。
315.Patiṭṭhāpesīti aṭṭhārasakoṭipariccāgaṃ katvā patiṭṭhāpesi. Evaṃ sabbāpi catupaṇṇāsakoṭiyo pariccaji.
31允许住处之论已毕。
Vihārānujānanakathā niṭṭhitā.
32阻止座位等之论
Āsanappaṭibāhanādikathā
316“未完成进食者”指在村落内、精舍内或林野中,任何地方正在进食的比丘,在未结束进食时不应被令起。后来者应在村落内取食后离去。若人们或比丘们说“请进”,应说“我进入时比丘们会起身”。若被说“来吧,尊者,有座位”,则应进入。若无人说什么,应前往食堂,不靠太近,在适当处站立。当有空位并被说“请进”时,则应进入。若其应得之座上坐着未进食的比丘,可令其起身。然而,在粥、硬食等中,若有人喝或吃任何东西,直到另一人到来,即使空手坐着也不应令其起身。因为他正是未完成进食者。
316.Vippakatabhojanoti antaraghare vā vihāre vā araññe vā yattha katthaci bhuñjamāno bhikkhu aniṭṭhite bhojane na vuṭṭhāpetabbo. Antaraghare pacchā āgatena bhikkhaṃ gahetvā gantabbaṃ. Sace manussā vā bhikkhū vā ‘‘pavisathā’’ti vadanti, ‘‘mayi pavisante bhikkhū uṭṭhahissantī’’ti vattabbaṃ. ‘‘Etha, bhante, āsanaṃ atthī’’ti vuttena pana pavisitabbaṃ. Sace koci kiñci na vadati, āsanasālaṃ gantvā atisamīpaṃ agantvā sabhāgaṭṭhāne ṭhātabbaṃ. Okāse kate ‘‘pavisathā’’ti vuttena pana pavisitabbaṃ. Sace pana yaṃ āsanaṃ tassa pāpuṇāti, tattha abhuñjanto bhikkhu nisinno hoti, taṃ uṭṭhāpetuṃ vaṭṭati. Yāgukhajjakādīsu pana yaṃkiñci pivitvā vā khāditvā vā yāva añño āgacchati, tāva nisinnaṃ rittahatthampi vuṭṭhāpetuṃ na vaṭṭati. Vippakatabhojanoyeva hi so hoti.
30“若令起”指即使违越罪过也仍令起。“且已受请”指他所令起的那位比丘也是已受请者,应对他说:“去取水来。”因为这是唯一可以命令年长比丘的情况。若他连水也不取,则显示应由较新学比丘所做之事,说“好好收拾饭粒”等。
Sace vuṭṭhāpetīti sace āpattiṃ atikkamitvāpi vuṭṭhāpetiyeva. Pavārito ca hotīti yaṃ so vuṭṭhāpeti, ayañca bhikkhu pavārito ca hoti, tena vattabbo – ‘‘gaccha udakaṃ āharāhī’’ti. Vuḍḍhatarañhi bhikkhuṃ āṇāpetuṃ idameva ekaṃ ṭhānanti. Sace so udakampi na āharati, tato yañca navakatarena kattabbaṃ, taṃ dassento ‘‘sādhukaṃ sitthānī’’tiādimāha.
31“适合病人的卧具”在此,若有比丘因咳嗽、痔疮、腹泻等而生病,应放置痰盂、便盆等。若是麻风病患者,会弄脏住处;对于这样的人,应在下方殿堂、叶屋等中,于一边给予一处住处。若住其中不弄脏住处,也应给予最好的卧具。凡进行涂油、饮用、泻药、灌鼻等任何一种治疗者,全都是病人,也应观察后给予适合的住处。“以微小的借口”指以轻微的头病等。“计算比丘”指知道精舍中“有这么多比丘”的限定。
Gilānassa patirūpaṃ seyyanti ettha yo kāsabhagandarātisārādīhi gilāno hoti, kheḷamallakavaccakapālādīni ṭhapetabbāni honti. Kuṭṭhi vā hoti, senāsanaṃ dūseti; evarūpassa heṭṭhāpāsādapaṇṇasālādīsu aññataraṃ ekamantaṃ senāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ. Yasmiṃ vasante senāsanaṃ na dussati, tassa varaseyyāpi dātabbāva. Yopi sinehapānavirecananatthukammādīsu yaṃkiñci bhesajjaṃ karoti, sabbo so gilānoyeva, tassāpi sallakkhetvā patirūpaṃ senāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ . Lesakappenāti appakena sīsābādhādimattena. Bhikkhūgaṇetvāti ‘‘ettakā nāma bhikkhū’’ti vihāre bhikkhūnaṃ paricchedaṃ ñatvā.
36座位禁止等之论已毕。
Āsanappaṭibāhanādikathā niṭṭhitā.
37执取住处之论
Senāsanaggāhakathā
318“卧处”是指床铺之处。“以卧处为界”即依卧处划分,在入雨安居日宣告时间后,允许每位比丘取得一处卧处,这是其含义。以卧处为界而取得,即依卧处划分而被分配。卧处超出,即床铺之处有多余。此法同样适用于精舍等。所谓“再分”,指再额外给予一部分。因为在比丘极少的情况下,每位比丘应分得两到三处院落。不可勉强给予,即不应在对方不情愿时给予。其中,若在入雨安居日已取得再分部分,后来者不可因自己不乐意而要求给予该再分部分。然而,若取得者出于自愿,将该再分部分或最初部分给予,则是可以的。
318.Seyyāti mañcaṭṭhānāni vuccanti. Seyyaggenāti seyyāparicchedena, vassūpanāyikadivase kālaṃ ghosetvā ekamañcaṭṭhānaṃ ekassa bhikkhuno gāhetuṃ anujānāmīti attho. Seyyaggena gāhentāti seyyāparicchedena gāhiyamānā. Seyyā ussārayiṃsūti mañcaṭṭhānāni atirekāni ahesuṃ. Vihāraggādīsupi eseva nayo. Anubhāganti puna aparampi bhāgaṃ dātuṃ. Atimandesu hi bhikkhūsu ekekassa bhikkhuno dve tīṇi pariveṇāni dātabbāni. Na akāmā dātabboti anicchāya na dātabbo. Tattha vassūpanāyikadivase gahite anubhāge pacchā āgatānaṃ na attano aruciyā so anubhāgo dātabbo. Sace pana yena gahito, so ca attano ruciyā taṃ anubhāgaṃ vā paṭhamabhāgaṃ vā deti, vaṭṭati.
33“站在界外者”是指站在近行界之外者。然而,即使在近行界内但站在远处者,也仍然可以获得。“取得坐卧处”是指在入雨安居日取得。所谓“一切时皆排斥”,是指在四个月过后,即使在非雨安居时也排斥。在三种坐卧处取得中,最初与最后这两种取得是固定的。
Nissīme ṭhitassāti upacārasīmato bahi ṭhitassa. Anto upacārasīmāya pana dūre ṭhitassāpi labbhatiyeva. Senāsanaṃ gahetvāti vassūpanāyikadivase gahetvā. Sabbakālaṃ paṭibāhantīti catumāsaccayena utukālepi paṭibāhanti. Tīsu senāsanaggāhesu purimako ca pacchimako cāti ime dve gāhā thāvarā.
34关于间雨安居处,有如下判定:某一寺院有一处带来大利益的坐卧处。坐卧处的主人恭敬地以一切资具侍奉入雨安居的比丘,邀请之后,在离开时给予许多沙门资具。大长老们从远方而来,在入雨安居日取得该处,安乐居住,雨安居结束后取得利益便离去。常住比丘们心想:“我们得不到此处产生的利益,总是外来大长老们得到,就让他们自己来照料吧。”即使该处破败也不照看。世尊为了照料该处,说道:“在自恣结束后,为了未来的雨安居住,应取得间雨安居处。”
Antarāmuttake ayaṃ vinicchayo – ekasmiṃ vihāre mahālābhasenāsanaṃ hoti. Senāsanasāmikā vassūpagataṃ bhikkhuṃ sabbapaccayehi sakkaccaṃ upaṭṭhahitvā pavāretvā gamanakāle bahuṃ samaṇaparikkhāraṃ denti. Mahātherā dūratopi āgantvā vassūpanāyikadivase taṃ gahetvā phāsuṃ vasitvā vutthavassā lābhaṃ gaṇhitvā pakkamanti. Āvāsikā ‘‘mayaṃ etthuppannaṃ lābhaṃ na labhāma, niccaṃ āgantukamahātherāva labhanti, teyeva naṃ āgantvā paṭijaggissantī’’ti palujjantampi na olokenti. Bhagavā tassa paṭijagganatthaṃ ‘‘aparajjugatāya pavāraṇāya āyatiṃ vassāvāsatthāya antarāmuttako gāhetabbo’’ti āha.
35在分配该处时,应对僧团长老说:“尊者,请取得间雨安居坐卧处。”如果他取得,则应给予;若他不取,则以此方法,从次长老开始,谁取得就给予谁,乃至沙弥也应给予。该坐卧处应由他在八个月内照料。屋顶、墙壁、地面若有任何破损或开裂,一切都应修复。白天以诵经、提问等度过,夜晚在那里居住,也是可以的。夜晚在院落居住,白天在那里度过,也是可以的。日夜都在那里居住,也是可以的。在非雨安居时前来的上座们不应被排斥。然而,当入雨安居日到来时,若僧团长老说:“请将此坐卧处给我”,则不可得。应说:“尊者,此间雨安居处已由一位比丘取得并在八个月内照料”,不应给予。该处即由八个月内照料的比丘所取得。
Taṃ gāhentena saṅghatthero vattabbo – ‘‘bhante antarāmuttakasenāsanaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti. Sace gaṇhāti, dātabbaṃ; no ce eteneva upāyena anutheraṃ ādiṃ katvā yo gaṇhāti, tassa antamaso sāmaṇerassāpi dātabbaṃ. Tena taṃ senāsanaṃ aṭṭhamāse paṭijaggitabbaṃ. Chadanabhittibhūmīsu yaṃ kiñci khaṇḍaṃ vā phullaṃ vā hoti, taṃ sabbaṃ paṭisaṅkharitabbaṃ. Uddesaparipucchādīhi divasaṃ khepetvā rattiṃ tattha vasitumpi vaṭṭati. Rattiṃ pariveṇe vasitvā tattha divasaṃ khepetumpi vaṭṭati. Rattindivaṃ tattheva vasitumpi vaṭṭati. Utukāle āgatānaṃ vuḍḍhānaṃ na paṭibāhitabbaṃ. Vassūpanāyikadivase pana sampatte sace saṅghatthero ‘‘mayhaṃ idaṃ senāsanaṃ dethā’’ti vadati, na labhati. ‘‘Bhante, idaṃ antarāmuttakaṃ gahetvā aṭṭhamāse ekena bhikkhunā paṭijaggita’’nti vatvā na dātabbaṃ. Aṭṭhamāse paṭijaggakabhikkhusseva gahitaṃ hoti.
36然而,若某坐卧处在一年中两次给予资具,每六个月一次,则该间雨安居处不应取得。若三次给予,每四个月一次;或四次给予,每三个月一次,则该间雨安居处不应取得。因为通过资具本身,该处就能得到照料。若某处在一年中仅一次给予许多资具,则此间雨安居处应当取得。以上是依律典中关于入雨安居日坐卧处取得的论述,至此为止。
Yasmiṃ pana senāsane ekasaṃvacchare dvikkhattuṃ paccaye denti chamāsaccayena chamāsaccayena, taṃ antarāmuttakaṃ na gāhetabbaṃ. Yasmiṃ vā tikkhattuṃ denti catumāsaccayena catumāsaccayena, yasmiṃ vā catukkhattuṃ denti temāsaccayena temāsaccayena, taṃ antarāmuttakaṃ na gāhetabbaṃ. Paccayeneva hi taṃ paṭijagganaṃ labhissati. Yasmiṃ pana ekasaṃvacchare sakideva bahupaccaye denti, etaṃ antarāmuttakaṃ gāhetabbanti. Ayaṃ tāva antovasse vassūpanāyikadivasena pāḷiyaṃ āgatasenāsanaggāhakathā.
37然而,此坐卧处取得有两种:非雨安居时与雨安居时。其中,在非雨安居时,有些外来比丘在食前来,有些在食后、初夜、中夜或后夜来,无论何时来,当时就应请比丘们起身,给予坐卧处。没有所谓非时。然而,分配坐卧处者应是智者,应保留一两处床铺之处。若在非时有一两位长老前来,应对他们说:“尊者,若从一开始就请起身,所有比丘都会骚动不安,请你们就住在我们的住处吧。”
Ayaṃ pana senāsanaggāho nāma duvidho hoti – utukāle ca vassāvāse ca. Tattha utukāle tāva keci āgantukā bhikkhū purebhattaṃ āgacchanti, keci pacchābhattaṃ paṭhamayāmaṃ vā majjhimayāmaṃ vā pacchimayāmaṃ vā ye yadā āgacchanti, tesaṃ tadāva bhikkhū uṭṭhāpetvā senāsanaṃ dātabbaṃ. Akālo nāma natthi. Senāsanapaññāpakena pana paṇḍitena bhavitabbaṃ, ekaṃ vā dve vā mañcaṭṭhānāni ṭhapetabbāni. Sace vikāle eko vā dve vā therā āgacchanti, te vattabbā – ‘‘bhante, ādito paṭṭhāya vuṭṭhāpiyamāne sabbepi bhikkhū ubbhaṇḍikā bhavissanti, tumhe amhākaṃ vasanaṭṭhāneyeva vasathā’’ti.
38然而,当众多比丘到来时,应让他们起身,按顺序分配。如果每个分院都足够,就每个分院分配。在那里,火堂、长堂、广场、花环堂等,全都归属于该分院。如此仍不足时,应以楼阁的顶层来分配。楼阁不足时,应以房间的顶层来分配。房间不足时,应以床位的顶层来分配。床位不足时,应以床铺处来分配。床铺处不足时,应以一个凳子的位置来分配。但不应只取比丘站立的那点空间,因为那不算坐卧处。若凳子位置也不足,则应取一个床铺处或一个凳子位置,轮流让三人使用,说:‘尊者,请休息。’因为在寒冷时节,不可能整夜待在露天。大长老休息初夜分后,应出来对第二位长老说:‘贤友,请进这里。’如果大长老嗜睡,不知时间,则应咳嗽、敲门后说:‘尊者,时间到了,寒冷正在侵袭。’他应出来让出位置,不可不让。第二位长老休息中夜分后,也应按前述方式让给另一位。若嗜睡,也应按所说方式叫醒。如此,一夜之间,一个床铺处应给三人使用。然而,在阎浮提,有些比丘认为‘所谓坐卧处,无论是床铺处还是凳子位置,对某些人合适,对某些人不合适’,因此无论是否有客僧到来,都每日分配坐卧处。这称为‘适时分配坐卧处’。
Bahūsu pana āgatesu vuṭṭhāpetvā paṭipāṭiyā dātabbaṃ. Sace ekekaṃ pariveṇaṃ pahoti, ekekaṃ pariveṇaṃ dātabbaṃ. Tattha aggisāladīghasālamaṇḍalamālādayo sabbepi tasseva pāpuṇanti . Evaṃ appahonte pāsādaggena dātabbaṃ. Pāsādesu appahontesu ovarakaggena dātabbaṃ. Ovarakesu appahontesu seyyaggena dātabbaṃ. Seyyaggesu appahontesu mañcaṭṭhānena dātabbaṃ. Mañcaṭṭhāne appahonte ekapīṭhakaṭṭhānavasena dātabbaṃ. Bhikkhuno pana ṭhitokāsamattaṃ na gāhetabbaṃ. Etañhi senāsanaṃ nāma na hoti. Pīṭhakaṭṭhāne pana appahonte ekaṃ mañcaṭṭhānaṃ vā pīṭhakaṭṭhānaṃ vā vārena vārena gahetvā ‘‘bhante, vissamathā’’ti tiṇṇaṃ janānaṃ dātabbaṃ, na hi sakkā sītasamaye sabbarattiṃ ajjhokāse vasituṃ. Mahātherena paṭhamayāmaṃ vissamitvā nikkhamitvā dutiyattherassa vattabbaṃ – ‘‘āvuso, idha pavisāhī’’ti. Sace mahāthero niddāgaruko hoti, kālaṃ na jānāti, ukkāsitvā dvāraṃ ākoṭetvā ‘‘bhante, kālo jāto, sītaṃ anudahatī’’ti vattabbaṃ. Tena nikkhamitvā okāso dātabbo, adātuṃ na labhati. Dutiyattherenapi majjhimayāmaṃ vissamitvā purimanayeneva itarassa dātabbaṃ. Niddāgaruko vuttanayeneva vuṭṭhāpetabbo. Evaṃ ekarattiṃ ekamañcaṭṭhānaṃ tiṇṇaṃ dātabbaṃ. Jambudīpe pana ekacce bhikkhū ‘‘senāsanaṃ nāma mañcaṭṭhānaṃ vā pīṭhaṭṭhānaṃ vā kiñcideva kassaci sappāyaṃ hoti, kassaci asappāya’’nti āgantukā hontu vā mā vā, devasikaṃ senāsanaṃ gāhenti. Ayaṃ utukāle senāsanaggāho nāma.
39然而,在雨季安居中,有客僧的义务,也有常住僧的义务。首先,客僧若想离开自己的住处去别处居住,不应在入雨安居的当天才去那里。因为那里的住处可能拥挤,或托钵乞食可能不顺利,由此他无法安乐而住。因此,应在‘大约一个月后就是入雨安居’的时候进入那座寺院。在那里住上大约一个月,若是为了学法的目的,则观察学法的成就;若是为了业处的目的,则观察业处的适合性;若是为了资具的目的,则观察资具的获得。如此,他将在雨安居期间安乐而住。
Vassāvāse pana atthi āgantukavattaṃ, atthi āvāsikavattaṃ, āgantukena tāva sakaṭṭhānaṃ muñcitvā aññattha gantvā vasitukāmena vassūpanāyikadivasameva tattha na gantabbaṃ. Vasanaṭṭhānaṃ vā hi tatra sambādhaṃ bhaveyya, bhikkhācāro vā na sampajjeyya, tena na phāsuṃ vihareyya. Tasmā ‘‘idāni māsamattena vassūpanāyikā bhavissatī’’ti taṃ vihāraṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Tattha māsamattaṃ vasanto sace uddesatthiko uddesasampattiṃ sallakkhetvā, sace kammaṭṭhāniko kammaṭṭhānasappāyataṃ sallakkhetvā, sace paccayatthiko paccayalābhaṃ sallakkhetvā antovasse sukhaṃ vasissati.
40而且,从自己的住处去那里时,不应扰乱行乞的村庄,不应在那里对人说:‘依靠你们,没有筹签食等、粥和硬食等,也没有雨安居的供养。这是塔的资具,这是布萨堂的,请收下这钥匙和针,这是你们的寺院。’而应整理好坐卧处,收拾好木器和陶器,履行出行义务后再走。如此出行时,也不应让沙弥们扛着衣钵包裹,拿着油筒、伞盖、杖等,自己撑着伞,在村口展示自己而行;应隐蔽地走林野小道。若无林野小道,不应践踏灌木丛等而行;而应履行出行义务,断除寻思,以清净心依出行法而行。但如果道路经过村口,人们看见他带着随从行走,便跑过来说‘像我们的长老一样’,问:‘尊者,您带着所有资具去哪里?’如果其中一人这样说:‘现在是入雨安居的时节,比丘们会去那些在雨安居期间能获得固定乞食和衣物遮蔽的地方。’人们听后说:‘尊者,这个村子的人也能供养饮食和衣服,请不要去别处。’然后叫来朋友和官员,一起商议,在寺院里设立固定的义务、筹签食等以及雨安居的供养,请求说:‘尊者,请就住在这里。’这一切都可以接受。因为这一切都是如法且无过的。在《库伦达疏》中说:‘当被问“去哪里”时,应回答“某处”;当被问“为何去那里”时,应说明原因。’然而,在此两者都因清净心而无过。这称为客僧的义务。
Sakaṭṭhānato ca tattha gacchantena na gocaragāmo ghaṭṭetabbo, na tattha manussā vattabbā – ‘‘tumhe nissāya salākabhattādīni vā yāgukhajjakādīni vā vassāvāsikaṃ vā natthi, ayaṃ cetiyassa parikkhāro, ayaṃ uposathāgārassa, idaṃ tāḷañceva sūci ca sampaṭicchatha tumhākaṃ vihāra’’nti. Senāsanaṃ pana jaggitvā dārubhaṇḍamattikābhaṇḍāni paṭisāmetvā gamiyavattaṃ pūretvā gantabbaṃ. Evaṃ gacchantenāpi daharehi pattacīvarabhaṇḍikāyo ukkhipāpetvā telanāḷikattaradaṇḍādīni gāhāpetvā chattaṃ paggayha attānaṃ dassentena gāmadvāreneva na gantabbaṃ, paṭicchannena aṭavimaggena gantabbaṃ. Aṭavimagge asati gumbādīni maddantena na gantabbaṃ, gamiyavattaṃ pana pūretvā vitakkaṃ chinditvā suddhacittena gamanavatteneva gantabbaṃ. Sace pana gāmadvārena maggo hoti, gacchantañca naṃ saparivāraṃ disvā manussā ‘‘amhākaṃ thero viyā’’ti upadhāvitvā ‘‘kuhiṃ, bhante, sabbaparikkhāre gahetvā gacchathā’’ti vadanti, tesu ce eko evaṃ vadati – ‘‘vassūpanāyikakālo nāmāyaṃ, yattha antovasse nibaddhabhikkhācāro bhaṇḍapaṭicchādanañca labbhati, tattha bhikkhū gacchantī’’ti. Tassa ce sutvā te manussā ‘‘bhante, imasmimpi gāme jano bhuñjati ceva nivāseti ca, mā aññattha gacchathā’’ti vatvā mittāmacce pakkosāpetvā sabbe sammantayitvā vihāre nibaddhavattañca salākabhattādīni ca vassāvāsikañca paṭṭhapetvā ‘‘idheva bhante vasathā’’ti yācanti, sabbaṃ sādituṃ vaṭṭati. Sabbañhetaṃ kappiyañceva anavajjañca. Kurundiyaṃ pana ‘‘‘kuhiṃ gacchathā’ti vutte ‘asukaṭṭhāna’nti vatvā, ‘kasmā tattha gacchathā’ti vutte ‘kāraṇaṃ ācikkhitabba’’’nti vuttaṃ. Ubhayampi panettha suddhacittattāva anavajjaṃ. Idaṃ āgantukavattaṃ nāma.
41而这是常住僧的义务:常住僧应提前修缮寺院。应修补破损和裂缝,做好涂抹地面等。夜间住处、日间住处、厕所、小便处、精勤堂、寺院道路——这一切都应整理好。塔上的灰泥工作、灰泥围墙的涂油、床和凳子的整理——这一切也都应做好,心想:‘愿那些想住雨安居的人来后,能安乐地居住,从事学诵、遍问、业处用功等。’做好准备工作后,从阿沙荼月白分第五日开始,应询问雨安居的供养。应向哪里询问?向那些通常给予的人询问。但不应向那些以前未曾给予的人询问。为何要询问?因为人们有时给予,有时因饥荒等困扰而不给予。在那里,若不询问就分配雨安居供养,那些不给予的人会使已接受分配的比丘们失去利得。因此,应先询问再分配。询问时应说:‘你们分配雨安居供养的时间临近了。’如果他们这样说:‘尊者,今年我们被饥荒等困扰,无法给予。’或说:‘我们将比以往给的少一些。’或说:‘现在棉花容易得到,我们将比以往给得更多。’则应观察情况,以相应的方法,为那些比丘在各处坐卧处分配雨安居供养。
Idaṃ pana āvāsikavattaṃ – paṭikacceva hi āvāsikehi vihāro jaggitabbo. Khaṇḍaphullapaṭisaṅkharaṇaparibhaṇḍāni kātabbāni. Rattiṭṭhānadivāṭṭhānavaccakuṭipassāvaṭṭhānāni padhānagharavihāramaggoti imāni sabbāni paṭijaggitabbāni, cetiye sudhākammaṃ muddavedikāya telamakkhanaṃ mañcapīṭhapaṭijaggananti idampi sabbaṃ kātabbaṃ – ‘‘vassaṃ vasitukāmā āgantvā uddesaparipucchākammaṭṭhānānuyogādīni karontā sukhaṃ vasissantī’’ti. Kataparikammehi āsāḷhījuṇhapañcamito paṭṭhāya vassāvāsikaṃ pucchitabbaṃ. Kattha pucchitabbaṃ? Yato pakatiyā labbhati. Yehi pana na dinnapubbaṃ, te pucchituṃ na vaṭṭati. Kasmā pucchitabbaṃ? Kadāci hi manussā denti, kadāci dubbhikkhādīhi upaddutā na denti. Tattha ye na dassanti, te apucchitvā vassāvāsike gāhite gāhitabhikkhūnaṃ lābhantarāyo hoti, tasmā pucchitvāva gāhetabbaṃ, pucchantena ‘‘tumhākaṃ vassāvāsikaggāhakakālo upakaṭṭho’’ti vattabbaṃ. Sace vadanti ‘‘bhante, imaṃ saṃvaccharaṃ chātakādīhi upaddutamha, na sakkoma dātu’’nti vā ‘‘yaṃ mayaṃ pubbe dema, tato ūnataraṃ dassāmā’’ti vā ‘‘idāni kappāso sulabho, yaṃ pubbe dema, tato bahutaraṃ dassāmā’’ti vā vadanti, taṃ sallakkhetvā tadanurūpena nayena tesaṃ tesaṃ senāsane bhikkhūnaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ gāhetabbaṃ.
42若人们说:『谁得到我们的雨安居供养,他应提供三个月的饮用水,应修整寺院道路,应修整塔院和菩提树院,应在菩提树下浇水』,谁得到那份供养,就应告知他。若某个村庄在距离一由旬或二由旬之外,那里的人家将物品寄存后,确实将雨安居供养品给予寺院,那么即使未询问那些人家,比丘在那些人的住所履行义务而居住后,也应接受雨安居供养。然而,若一位粪扫衣比丘住在那些人的住所,他们见到他来了便说:『我们把您的雨安居供养给您』,他应告知僧团。若那些人家不愿给予僧团,说:『我们只给你们』,应告诉那位同分比丘:『履行义务后接受吧』。但这对粪扫衣比丘是不允许的,因此,对于信施之物,应询问施主人们。
Sace manussā vadanti – ‘‘yassa amhākaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ pāpuṇāti, so temāsaṃ pānīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetu, vihāramaggaṃ jaggatu, cetiyaṅgaṇabodhiyaṅgaṇāni jaggatu, bodhirukkhe udakaṃ āsiñcatū’’ti, yassa taṃ pāpuṇāti, tassa ācikkhitabbaṃ. Yo pana gāmo paṭikkamma yojanadviyojanantare hoti, tatra ce kulāni upanikkhepaṃ ṭhapetvā vihāre vassāvāsikaṃ dentiyeva, tāni kulāni apucchitvāpi tesaṃ senāsane vattaṃ katvā vasantassa vassāvāsikaṃ gāhetabbaṃ. Sace pana tesaṃ senāsane paṃsukūliko vasati, āgatañca taṃ disvā ‘‘tumhākaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ demā’’ti vadanti, tena saṅghassa ācikkhitabbaṃ. Sace tāni kulāni saṅghassa dātuṃ na icchanti, ‘‘tumhākaṃyeva demā’’ti vadanti, sabhāgo bhikkhu ‘‘vattaṃ katvā gaṇhāhī’’ti vattabbo. Paṃsukūlikassa panetaṃ na vaṭṭati, iti saddhādeyye dāyakamanussā pucchitabbā.
43然而,关于由此产生的物品,应询问净人。应如何询问?『贤友,会有僧团的资具覆盖物吗?』若他们说:『会有,尊者,我们将给每人九肘长的衣布,请接受雨安居供养』,则应接受。若他们又说:『没有衣布,但有资具,请接受,尊者』,即使只有资具,也完全可以接受。因为净人手中被给予『请使用净物』的资具后,凡所应时之物,一切皆被允许使用。
Tatruppāde pana kappiyakārakā pucchitabbā. Kathaṃ pucchitabbā? ‘‘Kiṃ, āvuso, saṅghassa bhaṇḍapaṭicchādanaṃ bhavissatī’’ti. Sace vadanti – ‘‘bhavissati, bhante, ekekassa navahatthaṃ sāṭakaṃ dassāma, vassāvāsikaṃ gāhethā’’ti, gāhetabbaṃ. Sacepi vadanti – ‘‘sāṭakaṃ natthi; vatthu pana atthi, gāhetha, bhante’’ti, vatthumhi santepi gāhetuṃ vaṭṭatiyeva. Kappiyakārakānañhi hatthe ‘‘kappiyabhaṇḍaṃ paribhuñjathā’’ti dinnavatthuto yaṃ yaṃ kappaṃ, taṃ taṃ sabbaṃ paribhuñjituṃ anuññātaṃ.
44然而,在此处,若为托钵食或为病缘资具而指定布施之物,负责将之转为衣资的比丘们,为了僧团的妥善安排,应作白二羯磨后转为衣资。为住所而指定布施之物,属于重物;若纯粹以衣资方式或以四资具方式布施,负责转为衣资者无需作白二羯磨。若作白二羯磨,应以个人名义作,不应以僧团名义作。以金银或生谷物的方式,不得作白二羯磨。以净物、衣、米等方式则可以。应如此作:『现今食物丰足,乞食易得,比丘们却缺少衣布,将如此份额的米转为比丘们的衣布,是否可行?』或『病缘资具易得,或无病者,将如此份额的米转为比丘们的衣布,是否可行?』
Yaṃ panettha piṇḍapātatthāya gilānapaccayatthāya vā uddissa dinnaṃ, taṃ cīvare upanāmentehi saṅghasuṭṭhutāya apaloketvā upanāmetabbaṃ. Senāsanatthāya uddissa dinnaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti, cīvaravaseneva catupaccayavasena vā dinnaṃ cīvare upanāmentānaṃ apalokanakammakiccaṃ natthi, apalokanakammaṃ karontehi ca puggalavaseneva kātabbaṃ, saṅghavasena na kātabbaṃ. Jātarūparajatavasenāpi āmakadhaññavasena vā apalokanakammaṃ na vaṭṭati. Kappiyabhaṇḍavasena cīvarataṇḍulādivaseneva ca vaṭṭati. Taṃ pana evaṃ kattabbaṃ – ‘‘idāni subhikkhaṃ sulabhapiṇḍaṃ, bhikkhū cīvarena kilamanti, ettakaṃ nāma taṇḍulabhāgaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ cīvaraṃ kātuṃ ruccatī’’ti. ‘‘Gilānapaccayo sulabho gilāno vā natthi, ettakaṃ nāma taṇḍulabhāgaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ cīvaraṃ kātuṃ ruccatī’’ti.
45如此确定衣资后,在分配住所时,当僧团敲钟集会后,应选任一位住所分配者。据规定,选任时应选任两人。这样,新比丘将为较年长者分配,年长比丘也将为新比丘分配。然而,在大寺院如大寺那样的大住处,应选任三或四人。在《库伦达疏》中说:『选任八人或十六人也是可以的。』他们的选任,通过羯磨语或白二羯磨皆可。
Evaṃ cīvarapaccayaṃ sallakkhetvā senāsanassa kāle ghosite sannipatite saṅghe senāsanaggāhako sammannitabbo. Sammannantena ca dve sammannitabbāti vuttaṃ. Evañhi navako vuḍḍhatarassa, vuḍḍho ca navakassa gāhessati. Mahante pana mahāvihārasadise vihāre tayo cattāro janā sammannitabbā. Kurundiyaṃ pana ‘‘aṭṭhapi soḷasapi jane sammannituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vuttaṃ. Tesaṃ sammuti kammavācāyapi apalokanenapi vaṭṭatiyeva.
46被选任的比丘们应检查住所。塔堂、菩提堂、座堂、扫帚库、柴库、厕所、砖堂、木工堂、门楼、饮水亭、道路、池塘——这些并非住所。精舍、半覆屋、殿堂、楼阁、石窟、凉亭、树下、竹林——这些是住所,应予以分配。分配时,应依此处所说的方法:『先计算比丘人数,计算比丘人数后再计算床位』。若有两种衣资,即僧团的与信施的,比丘们想先接受哪一种,就先分配那种,从它确立之时起,再分配另一种。
Tehi sammatehi bhikkhūhi senāsanaṃ sallakkhetabbaṃ, cetiyagharaṃ bodhigharaṃ āsanagharaṃ sammuñjaniaṭṭo dāruaṭṭo vaccakuṭi iṭṭhakasālā vaḍḍhakisālā dvārakoṭṭhako pānīyamāḷo maggo pokkharaṇīti etāni hi asenāsanāni, vihāro aḍḍhayogo pāsādo hammiyaṃ guhā maṇḍapo rukkhamūlaṃ veḷugumboti imāni senāsanāni, tāni gāhetabbāni. Gāhentena ca ‘‘paṭhamaṃ bhikkhū gaṇetuṃ, bhikkhū gaṇetvā seyyā gaṇetu’’nti ettha vuttanayena gāhetabbāni. Sace saṅghiko ca saddhādeyyo cāti dve cīvarapaccayā honti, tesu yaṃ bhikkhū paṭhamaṃ gaṇhituṃ icchanti, taṃ gāhetvā tassa ṭhitikato paṭṭhāya itaro gāhetabbo.
47然而,若在比丘不足的情况下,按区域分配住所时,某一区域获得大供养,得到十件或十二件衣,大善见长老说:应将其分开,放入其他未获供养的住处,也分配给其他比丘。但大莲华长老说:『不应这样做,因为人们是为了守护自己的住处而供养资具,因此其他比丘应进入那里。』若大长老反对说:『贤友,不要这样分配,应遵循世尊的教导,世尊曾说过:『比丘们,我允许按区域分配』』,则不应因他的反对而停止,而应说服他:『尊者,比丘众多,资具稀少,应作摄益』,然后进行分配。
Sace pana bhikkhūnaṃ appatāya pariveṇaggena senāsane gāhiyamāne ekaṃ pariveṇaṃ mahālābhaṃ hoti, dasa vā dvādasa vā cīvarāni labhanti, taṃ vijaṭetvā aññesu alābhakesu āvāsesu pakkhipitvā aññesampi bhikkhūnaṃ gāhetabbanti mahāsumatthero āha. Mahāpadumatthero panāha – ‘‘na evaṃ kātabbaṃ, manussā hi attano āvāsajagganatthāya paccayaṃ denti, tasmā aññehi bhikkhūhi tattha pavisitabba’’nti. Sace panettha mahāthero paṭikkosati – ‘‘māvuso, evaṃ gāhetha, bhagavato anusiṭṭhiṃ karotha, vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā – ‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, pariveṇaggena gāhetu’’’nti tassa paṭikkosanāya aṭṭhatvā ‘‘bhante bhikkhū bahū, paccayo mando, saṅgahaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti taṃ saññāpetvā gāhetabbameva.
48被选任的分配比丘应前往大长老处,如此说:『尊者,您得到住所了,请接受资具,请持有。』若他说:『贤友,某家的资具和某住所归我了吗?』答:『是的,尊者,请接受。』他说:『我接受,贤友』,即算接受。若在说『尊者,您已接受了吗?』之后,他回答『我已接受』,或在说『尊者,您将接受吗?』之后,他回答『我将接受』,大善见长老说:『这不算接受。』但大莲华长老说:『无论是过去、未来或现在的言语,此处仅以心生执取为准则,因此就算已接受。』
Gāhentena ca sammatena bhikkhunā mahātherassa santikaṃ gantvā evaṃ vattabbaṃ – ‘‘bhante, tumhākaṃ senāsanaṃ pāpuṇāti, gaṇhatha paccayaṃ dhārethā’’ti. ‘‘Asukakulassa paccayo asukasenāsanañca mayhaṃ pāpuṇāti, āvuso’’ti, ‘‘pāpuṇāti, bhante, gaṇhatha na’’nti, ‘‘gaṇhāmi, āvuso’’ti, gahitaṃ hoti. Sace pana ‘‘gahitaṃ vo, bhante’’ti vutte ‘‘gahitaṃ me’’ti vā ‘‘gaṇhissatha, bhante’’ti vutte ‘‘gaṇhissāmī’’ti vā vadati, ‘‘agahitaṃ hotī’’ti mahāsumatthero āha. Mahāpadumatthero panāha – ‘‘atītānāgatavacanaṃ vā hotu, vattamānavacanaṃ vā, satuppādamattaālayakaraṇamattameva cettha pamāṇaṃ, tasmā gahitameva hotī’’ti.
49即使有粪扫衣比丘拿了住所后又舍弃资具,这位比丘也不应被安排到其他住处。就在那同一院落里,无论是在火堂、长厅或树下,都可以让另一位比丘使用。粪扫衣比丘会以‘我要住’的心态打理住所,另一位则以‘我接受资具’的心态打理,这样以两种原因,住所将会被更好地照料。然而在《大筏》中说到:‘当粪扫衣比丘为了居住而接受住所时,执掌住所分配者应说:“尊者,这里有资具,该如何处理?”他应回答:“让下面的人另作安排。”如果他不说任何话就住下,并且在雨安居结束时,人们把布放在他脚边供养,这是可以的。如果人们说“我们供养雨安居衣”,那么这属于在那个住所度过雨安居的比丘们。’对于那些没有住所,只单纯供养资具的情况,可以将资具分配给非雨安居的住所。
Yopi paṃsukūliko bhikkhu senāsanaṃ gahetvā paccayaṃ vissajjeti, ayampi na aññasmiṃ āvāse pakkhipitabbo. Tasmiṃyeva pariveṇe aggisālāya vā dīghasālāya vā rukkhamūle vā aññassa gāhetuṃ vaṭṭati. Paṃsukūliko ‘‘vasāmī’’ti senāsanaṃ jaggissati, itaro ‘‘paccayaṃ gaṇhāmī’’ti, evaṃ dvīhi kāraṇehi senāsanaṃ sujaggitataraṃ bhavissati. Mahāpaccariyaṃ pana vuttaṃ – ‘‘paṃsukūlike vāsatthāya senāsanaṃ gaṇhante senāsanaggāhāpakena vattabbaṃ – ‘bhante, idha paccayo atthi, so kiṃ kātabbo’ti. Tena ‘heṭṭhā aññaṃ gāhāpehī’ti vattabbo. Sace pana kiñci avatvāva vasati, vutthavassassa ca pādamūle ṭhapetvā sāṭakaṃ denti, vaṭṭati. Atha vassāvāsikaṃ demāti vadanti, tasmiṃ senāsane vassaṃvutthabhikkhūnaṃ pāpuṇātī’’ti. Yesaṃ pana senāsanaṃ natthi; kevalaṃ paccayameva denti, tesaṃ paccayaṃ avassāvāsike senāsane gāhetuṃ vaṭṭati.
50人们建造了塔后,安排雨安居资具的供养。塔并非住所,应在它附近的树下或凉亭里,系挂后让人接受。那位比丘应当照料塔。菩提树、菩提树屋、座堂、扫帚、木柴、木柴棚、厕所、门楼、饮水台、齿木台等,也遵循同样的原则。然而,食堂就是住所,因此可以划分后让一人或多人使用。这一切在《大筏》中有详细说明。
Manussā thūpaṃ katvā vassāvāsikaṃ gāhāpenti, thūpo nāma asenāsanaṃ, tassa samīpe rukkhe vā maṇḍape vā upanibandhitvā gāhāpetabbaṃ. Tena bhikkhunā cetiyaṃ paṭijaggitabbaṃ. Bodhirukkhabodhigharaāsanagharasammuñjaniaṭṭadāruaṭṭavaccakuṭidvārakoṭṭhakapānīyamāḷakadantakaṭṭhamāḷakesupi eseva nayo. Bhojanasālā pana senāsanameva, tasmā taṃ ekassa vā bahūnaṃ vā paricchinditvā gāhetuṃ vaṭṭatīti sabbamidaṃ vitthārena mahāpaccariyaṃ vuttaṃ.
51执掌住所分配者应从月初的黎明开始,直到下一个黎明未破晓之前进行分配,这就是住所分配的时间范围。如果早上刚分配好住所,就有另一位游方思惟的比丘前来请求住所,应告诉他:‘尊者,住所已被占用,僧团已入雨安居,寺院环境宜人,您可以在树下等任何您喜欢的地方居住。’已入雨安居的比丘们,除了雨安居期间固定的义务外,应告诉入雨安居的比丘们:‘请绑扎扫帚。’如果竹竿和签条容易获得,每人应绑扎五六把手持扫帚,或两三把长柄扫帚。如果难以获得,则应绑扎两三把手持扫帚和一把长柄扫帚。沙弥们应每人准备五支火把。在居住处应涂上赭石色的边框。
Senāsanaggāhāpakena pana pāṭipadaaruṇato paṭṭhāya yāva puna aruṇaṃ na bhijjati tāva gāhetabbaṃ, idañhi senāsanaggāhassa khettaṃ. Sace pātova gāhite senāsane añño vitakkacāriko bhikkhu āgantvā senāsanaṃ yācati, ‘‘gahitaṃ, bhante, senāsanaṃ, vassūpagato saṅgho, ramaṇīyo vihāro, rukkhamūlādīsu yattha icchatha tattha vasathā’’ti vattabbo. Vassūpagatehi antovasse nibaddhavattaṃ ṭhapetvā vassūpagatā bhikkhū ‘‘sammuñjaniyo bandhathā’’ti vattabbā. Sulabhā ce daṇḍakā ceva salākāyo ca honti, ekekena cha pañca muṭṭhisammuñjaniyo, dve tisso yaṭṭhisammuñjaniyo vā bandhitabbā. Dullabhā ce honti, dve tisso muṭṭhisammuñjaniyo ekā yaṭṭhisammuñjanī bandhitabbā. Sāmaṇerehi pañca pañca ukkā koṭṭetabbā. Vasanaṭṭhāne kasāvaparibhaṇḍaṃ kātabbaṃ.
52在执行义务时,不应制定这样的不如法规定:‘不应教授,不应让人教授,不应诵读,不应度人出家,不应授具足戒,不应给予依止,不应听法,因为这一切都是障碍。我们应远离障碍,只修习沙门法。’或者‘所有人都应受持十三头陀支,不铺设床座,以站立和经行度过时间,受持禁语戒,即使因七日事外出也应分得僧物。’而应这样做:所谓教理之法,能稳固三种正法;因此,应恭敬地教授,让人教授,进行诵读。在精舍居住者,不应互相干扰,应坐在寺院内教授、让人教授、诵读,圆满地举行听法。度人出家时,应审查后度其出家,审查后授具足戒,审查后给予依止。因为即使一位善男子获得出家与具足戒,也能稳固整个教法。根据自己的能力,受持尽可能多的头陀支。所谓雨安居期间,应整日整夜地在初夜和后夜保持不放逸,应发起精进。古代的诸大长老也断除一切障碍,在雨安居内履行独处的义务。应知量而谈论,可以谈论十种事、十不净、十随念、三十八所缘的论题。应履行对客比丘的义务,对于因七日事外出的比丘,在告知后可以给予物品。应执行这样的义务。
Vattaṃ karontehi pana ‘‘na uddisitabbaṃ, na uddisāpetabbaṃ, na sajjhāyo kātabbo, na pabbājetabbaṃ, na upasampādetabbaṃ, na nissayo dātabbo, na dhammasavanaṃ kātabbaṃ, sabbeva hi ete papañcā. Nippapañcā hutvā samaṇadhammameva karissāmā’’ti vā ‘‘sabbe terasa dhutaṅgāni samādiyantu, seyyaṃ akappetvā ṭhānacaṅkamehi vītināmentu, mūgabbataṃ gaṇhantu, sattāhakaraṇīyena gatāpi bhājanīyabhaṇḍaṃ labhantū’’ti vā evarūpaṃ adhammikavattaṃ na kātabbaṃ. Evaṃ pana kātabbaṃ – pariyattidhammo nāma tividhampi saddhammaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti; tasmā sakkaccaṃ uddisatha, uddisāpetha, sajjhāyaṃ karotha, padhānaghare vasantānaṃ saṅghaṭṭanaṃ akatvā antovihāre nisīditvā uddisatha, uddisāpetha, sajjhāyaṃ karotha, dhammasavanaṃ samiddhaṃ karotha, pabbājentā sodhetvā pabbājetha, sodhetvā upasampādetha, sodhetvā nissayaṃ detha, ekopi hi kulaputto pabbajjaṃ upasampadañca labhitvā sakalasāsanaṃ patiṭṭhāpeti, attano thāmena yattakāni sakkotha tattakāni dhutaṅgāni samādiyatha. Antovassaṃ nāmetaṃ sakaladivasaṃ rattiyā ca paṭhamapacchimayāmesu appamattehi bhavitabbaṃ, vīriyaṃ ārabhitabbaṃ. Porāṇakamahātherāpi sabbapalibodhe chinditvā antovasse ekacārikavattaṃ pūrayiṃsu, bhasse mattaṃ jānitvā dasavatthukakathaṃ dasaasubhadasānussatiaṭṭhatiṃsārammaṇakathañca kātuṃ vaṭṭati, āgantukānaṃ vattaṃ kātuṃ sattāhakaraṇīyena gatānaṃ apaloketvā dātuṃ vaṭṭatīti evarūpaṃ vattaṃ kātabbaṃ.
53此外,应教诫比丘们:‘不要说引起争论、离间、粗恶的话语,每天应省察戒律,不失四重保护,多修习如理作意而住。’应告知嚼齿木的义务。在礼敬塔或菩提树,或以香花供养,或将钵放入钵袋时,不应说话。应告知乞食的义务:‘在村落中,不应与人们谈论与资具相关的或不相宜的话题,应守护根门,应圆满履行犍度义务和应当学的义务。’像这样,应告知许多导向解脱的教诫。
Apica bhikkhū ovaditabbā – ‘‘viggāhikapisuṇapharusavacanāni mā vadatha, divase divase sīlāni āvajjentā caturārakkhaṃ ahāpentā manasikārabahulā viharathā’’ti. Dantakaṭṭhakhādanavattaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ, cetiyaṃ vā bodhiṃ vā vandantena gandhamālaṃ vā pūjentena pattaṃ vā thavikāya pakkhipantena na kathetabbaṃ, bhikkhācāravattaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ – ‘‘antogāme manussehi saddhiṃ paccayasaññuttakathā vā visabhāgakathā vā na kathetabbā, rakkhitindriyehi bhavitabbaṃ, khandhakavattañca sekhiyavattañca pūretabba’’nti evarūpā bahukāpi niyyānikakathā ācikkhitabbāti.
54在最后入雨安居日,如果敲钟集众后,有人拿来十拃长的布料供养雨安居衣,若客比丘是僧团长老,则应给予他。若是新学比丘,应由一位被选出的比丘对僧团长老说:‘尊者,如果您愿意,请放弃第一份,接受这块布料。’如果他不放弃,则不应给予。如果他放弃先前所得而接受,则可以给予。依此方法,从第二长老开始轮流,在轮到客比丘的位置时给予他。如果最初入雨安居者得到了两、三、四或五块布料,应依此方法让他们逐一放弃所得,直到与客比丘所得相等为止。当客比丘得到相等份额后,剩余的部分应给予长老座。在有现前利养时,可以制定规约以固定分配的方式进行分配。
Pacchimavassūpanāyikadivase pana sace kālaṃ ghosetvā sannipatite saṅghe koci dasahatthaṃ vatthaṃ āharitvā vassāvāsikaṃ deti, āgantuko sace bhikkhu saṅghatthero hoti, tassa dātabbaṃ. Navako ce hoti, sammatena bhikkhunā saṅghatthero vattabbo – ‘‘sace bhante icchatha, paṭhamabhāgaṃ muñcitvā idaṃ vatthaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti, amuñcantassa na dātabbaṃ. Sace pana pubbe gāhitaṃ muñcitvā gaṇhāti, dātabbaṃ. Etenevupāyena dutiyattherato paṭṭhāya parivattetvā pattaṭṭhāne āgantukassa dātabbaṃ. Sace paṭhamavassūpagatā dve tīṇi cattāri pañca vā vatthāni alatthuṃ, laddhaṃ laddhaṃ etenevupāyena vissajjāpetvā yāva āgantukassa samakaṃ hoti, tāva dātabbaṃ. Tena pana samake laddhe avasiṭṭho anubhāgo therāsane dātabbo. Paccuppanne lābhe sati ṭhitikāya gāhetuṃ katikaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati.
55若有饥馑,在两种入雨安居的场合中,已入雨安居的比丘们因乞食而疲惫,说道:“贤友们,我们在此居住全都疲惫,善哉,我们分成两组吧。那些有亲属邀请之处的人,就到那里居住,于自恣时回来,领取自己应得的雨安居衣。”他们中那些在那里居住后于自恣时回来的人,应征得同意后给予雨安居衣。因为即使他们接受,也并非雨安居衣的所有者;即使常住比丘们抱怨,也不能不给。然而在《库伦提》中说:“应制定公约:‘我们这里的粥和食物不够所有人,你们到同分之处居住后再回来,将得到你们应得的雨安居衣。’如果有一人反对,那是善加反对;如果不反对,公约便善成。之后,对那些在那里居住后回来的人,应征得同意后给予,在征得同意时不得反对。”又说:“如果在已入雨安居的比丘中,有些人的雨安居衣尚未到手,比丘们制定公约:‘我们同意将破雨安居者的雨安居衣和现在产生的雨安居衣给予这些人。’这样制定公约后,就如同已被领取一样,此后产生的都应给予他们。”
Sace dubbhikkhaṃ hoti, dvīsupi vassūpanāyikāsu vassūpagatā bhikkhū bhikkhāya kilamantā ‘‘āvuso, idha vasantā sabbeva kilamāma, sādhu vata dvebhāgā homa, yesaṃ ñātipavāritaṭṭhānāni atthi, te tattha vasitvā pavāraṇāya āgantvā attano pattaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ gaṇhantū’’ti vadanti, tesu ye tattha vasitvā pavāraṇāya āgacchanti, tesaṃ apaloketvā vassāvāsikaṃ dātabbaṃ. Sādiyantāpi hi te neva vassāvāsikassa sāmino, khīyantāpi ca āvāsikā neva adātuṃ labhanti. Kurundiyaṃ pana vuttaṃ – ‘‘katikavattaṃ kātabbaṃ – ‘sabbesaṃ no idha yāgubhattaṃ nappahoti, sabhāgaṭṭhāne vasitvā āgacchatha, tumhākaṃ pattaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ labhissathā’ti. Tañce eko paṭibāhati, supaṭibāhitaṃ; no ce paṭibāhati, katikā sukatā. Pacchā tesaṃ tattha vasitvā āgatānaṃ apaloketvā dātabbaṃ, apalokanakāle paṭibāhituṃ na labbhatī’’ti. Punapi vuttaṃ – ‘‘sace vassūpagatesu ekaccānaṃ vassāvāsike apāpuṇante bhikkhū katikaṃ karonti – ‘chinnavassānaṃ vassāvāsikañca idāni uppajjanakavassāvāsikañca imesaṃ dātuṃ ruccatī’ti evaṃ katikāya katāya gāhitasadisameva hoti, uppannuppannaṃ tesameva dātabba’’nti.
56备办三个月的饮用水,清扫寺院道路、塔院、菩提树院,并给菩提树浇水后,即使离去或还俗,也仍得到雨安居衣。因为他已完成了应尽的义务。然而,若是僧团的,通过征得同意的程序而领取的,即使在雨安居期间还俗,也仍得到。但若是以资具为条件而领取的,则不能得到,这是他们说的。
Temāsaṃ pānīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā vihāramaggacetiyaṅgaṇabodhiyaṅgaṇāni jaggitvā bodhirukkhe udakaṃ siñcitvā pakkantopi vibbhantopi vassāvāsikaṃ labhatiyeva. Bhatiniviṭṭhañhi tena kataṃ. Saṅghikaṃ pana apalokanakammaṃ katvā gāhitaṃ antovasse vibbhantopi labhateva. Paccayavasena gāhitaṃ pana na labhatīti vadanti.
57如果一位已过雨安居、将要远行的比丘,从常住比丘手中取走某种合适的物品后,说:‘在某家中有我应得的雨安居衣,请你们领取它。’然后在他所去之处还俗,那雨安居衣便归僧团所有。但如果他当着人们的面交代接受后再走,则能得到。若人们说:‘我们将此雨安居衣给予在我们住所中过雨安居的比丘。’那么,被领取者就是其所有者。但如果因为对住所主人的喜爱,其子女等拿来许多衣物,说:‘我们给予我们的住所。’那么,在那里入雨安居的比丘只应得一件衣,其余归僧团所有,应按雨安居衣的分配规则来分发。若无分配规则,则应从长老座开始分发。若因对在住所中入雨安居的比丘生起净信,拿来许多衣物,说:‘我们给予住所。’也同样处理。但如果放在脚边说:‘我们给予这位比丘。’则归该比丘所有。
Sace vutthavasso disaṃgamiko bhikkhu āvāsikassa hatthato kiñcideva kappiyabhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā ‘‘asukakule mayhaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ pattaṃ, taṃ gaṇhathā’’ti vatvā gataṭṭhāne vibbhamati, vassāvāsikaṃ saṅghikaṃ hoti. Sace pana manusse sammukhā sampaṭicchāpetvā gacchati, labhati. ‘‘Idaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ amhākaṃ senāsane vutthabhikkhuno demā’’ti vutte, yassa gāhitaṃ tasseva hoti. Sace pana senāsanasāmikassa piyakamyatāya puttadhītādayo bahūni vatthāni āharitvā ‘‘amhākaṃ senāsane demā’’ti denti, tattha vassūpagatassa ekameva vatthaṃ dātabbaṃ, sesāni saṅghikāni honti, vassāvāsikaṭṭhitikāya gāhetabbāni. Ṭhitikāya asati therāsanato paṭṭhāya gāhetabbāni. Senāsane vassūpagataṃ bhikkhuṃ nissāya uppannena cittappasādena bahūni vatthāni āharitvā ‘‘senāsanassa demā’’ti dinnesupi eseva nayo. Sace pana pādamūle ṭhapetvā ‘‘etassa bhikkhuno demā’’ti vadanti, tasseva honti.
58在一户人家中有两件雨安居衣:第一份被沙弥领取,第二份在长老座。他送来一件十肘长的衣和一件八肘长的衣,说:‘请将雨安居衣给予应得的比丘们。’拣选后,应将好的那份给沙弥,次等的给长老座。但如果将两者都带到家中,供养饮食后,自己放在脚边,那么谁被给予哪件,那件就归谁所有。
Ekassa gehe dve vassāvāsikāni – paṭhamabhāgo sāmaṇerassa gāhito hoti, dutiyo therāsane. So ekaṃ dasahatthaṃ, ekaṃ aṭṭhahatthaṃ sāṭakaṃ peseti ‘‘vassāvāsikaṃ pattabhikkhūnaṃ dethā’’ti vicinitvā varabhāgaṃ sāmaṇerassa datvā anubhāgo therāsane dātabbo. Sace pana ubhopi gharaṃ netvā bhojetvā sayameva pādamūle ṭhapeti, yaṃ yassa dinnaṃ, tadeva tassa hoti.
59此后是出自《大筏》的说法:“在一户人家中,年幼沙弥应得雨安居衣。若有人问:‘我们的雨安居衣应归谁?’不应说‘归沙弥’,而应说‘布施时你会知道’。到了布施日,应派一位大长老去取出来。如果应得雨安居衣的人还俗或命终,人们若问:‘我们的雨安居衣应归谁?’应如实告诉他们。若他们说:‘我们给你们。’则归该比丘所有。若他们给僧团或别众,则归僧团或别众所有。如果入雨安居的比丘们都是纯粪扫衣者,应将送来给予的雨安居衣做成住所资具后存放,或做成枕头等。”这是常住比丘的义务。
Ito paraṃ mahāpaccariyaṃ āgatanayo hoti – ‘‘ekassa ghare daharasāmaṇerassa vassāvāsikaṃ pāpuṇāti, so ce pucchati – ‘amhākaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ kassa patta’nti, ‘sāmaṇerassā’ti avatvā ‘dānakāle jānissasī’ti vatvā dānadivase ekaṃ mahātheraṃ pesetvā nīharāpetabbaṃ. Sace yassa vassāvāsikaṃ pattaṃ, so vibbhamati vā kālaṃ vā karoti, manussā ce pucchanti – ‘kassa amhākaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ patta’nti, tesaṃ yathābhūtaṃ ācikkhitabbaṃ. Sace te vadanti – ‘tumhākaṃ demā’ti, tassa bhikkhuno pāpuṇāti. Atha saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā denti, saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā pāpuṇāti. Sace vassūpagatā suddhapaṃsukūlikāyeva honti, ānetvā dinnaṃ vassāvāsikaṃ senāsanaparikkhāraṃ vā katvā ṭhapetabbaṃ, bimbohanādīni vā kātabbānī’’ti. Idaṃ nevāsikavattaṃ.
66住处分配论已结束。
Senāsanaggāhakathā niṭṭhitā.
67伍波难德事论
Upanandavatthukathā
319在伍波难德事中——此处,‘愚人,你在那里所取的,在这里已舍弃;你在这里所取的,在那里已舍弃’,其含义是:你在那里所取的住处,就在你取此处时,便在那里舍弃了。而当你说‘贤友,我现在在这里舍弃’时,那住处在那里也舍弃了。这样,你在两处都落空了。
319. Upanandavatthusmiṃ – tattha tayā moghapurisa gahitaṃ idha muttaṃ, idha tayā gahitaṃ tatra muttanti ettha ayamattho – yaṃ tayā tattha senāsanaṃ gahitaṃ, taṃ te gaṇhanteneva idha muttaṃ hoti. ‘‘Idha dānāhaṃ, āvuso, muñcāmī’’ti vadantena pana taṃ tatrāpi muttaṃ. Evaṃ tvaṃ ubhayattha paribāhiroti.
61然而,此处的抉择如下:以执取令执取止息,以执取令意愿止息,以意愿令执取止息,以意愿令意愿止息。如何呢?在此,有人在入雨安居日于一座寺院取了住处后,前往邻近寺院,在那里也执取。他的后一执取令前一执取止息。另一人仅作‘我将在此居住’的意愿后,前往邻近寺院,在那里执取住处。他的这一执取令前一意愿止息。又一人或取了住处或作了‘我将在此居住’的意愿后,前往邻近寺院,作‘我现在就在此居住’的意愿。这样,以意愿令执取止息,或以意愿令意愿止息。在一切情况下,都以后一执取或后一意愿为准。然而,若有人在取了一座寺院的住处后,说‘我将在另一座寺院居住’而前往,当他越过界内区域时,住处执取便止息。但如果他心想‘那里若舒适,我就住;若不舒适,我就回来’而前往,知道不舒适后返回,则是可以的。
Ayaṃ panettha vinicchayo – gahaṇena gahaṇaṃ paṭippassambhati, gahaṇena ālayo paṭippassambhati, ālayena gahaṇaṃ paṭippassambhati, ālayena ālayo paṭippassambhati. Kathaṃ? Idhekacco vassūpanāyikadivase ekasmiṃ vihāre senāsanaṃ gahetvā sāmantavihāraṃ gantvā tatrāpi gaṇhāti, tassa iminā gahaṇena purimaṃ gahaṇaṃ paṭippassambhati. Aparo ‘‘idha vasissāmī’’ti ālayamattaṃ katvā sāmantavihāraṃ gantvā tattha senāsanaṃ gaṇhāti, tassa iminā gahaṇena purimo ālayo paṭippassambhati. Eko ‘‘idha vasissāmī’’ti senāsanaṃ vā gahetvā ālayaṃ vā katvā sāmantavihāraṃ gantvā ‘‘idheva dāni vasissāmī’’ti ālayaṃ karoti, iccassa ālayena vā gahaṇaṃ ālayena vā ālayo paṭippassambhati, sabbattha pacchime gahaṇe vā ālaye vā tiṭṭhati. Yo pana ‘‘ekasmiṃ vihāre senāsanaṃ gahetvā aññasmiṃ vihāre vasissāmī’’ti gacchati, tassa upacārasīmātikkame senāsanaggāho paṭippassambhati. Yadi pana ‘‘tattha phāsu bhavissati, vasissāmi; no ce, āgamissāmī’’ti gantvā aphāsubhāvaṃ ñatvā paccāgacchati, vaṭṭati.
320“三年间隔者”:此处,所谓三年间隔者,是指比两年更大或更小者。若比一年更大或更小者,或同年者,则无需多言。所有这些人都可以两人一组坐在同一张床或同一把椅子上。凡能容纳三人的,无论是可移动的还是固定的,即使是在那样的木板条上,与未受具足戒者同坐也是可以的。
320.Tivassantarenāti ettha tivassantaro nāma yo dvīhi vassehi mahantataro vā daharataro vā hoti. Yo pana ekena vassena mahantataro vā daharataro vā hoti, yo vā samānavasso, tattha vattabbameva natthi. Ime sabbe ekasmiṃ mañce vā pīṭhe vā dve dve hutvā nisīdituṃ labhanti. Yaṃ tiṇṇaṃ pahoti, taṃ saṃhārimaṃ vā hotu asaṃhārimaṃ vā, tathārūpe api phalakakhaṇḍe anupasampannenāpi saddhiṃ nisīdituṃ vaṭṭati.
63“象牙柱”:即安放在象牙上的;据说如此制作而得名。所有殿堂受用物:诸如黄金、白银等各种彩绘门扇、床、椅、扇子、金银制的饮水壶、饮水杯等任何精巧制作之物,皆可使用。若有人说“我们布施殿堂的奴婢、田地、牛马”,无需单独接受,当殿堂被接受时,它们即已被接受。毛毯等物,无论是在僧团精舍还是个人精舍,铺在床椅上使用都是不许可的。但在法座上,以在家人铺设的方式则许可,然而在那里躺卧是不许可的。
Hatthinakhakanti hatthikumbhe patiṭṭhitaṃ; evaṃ katassa kiretaṃ nāmaṃ. Sabbaṃ pāsādaparibhoganti suvaṇṇarajatādivicitrāni kavāṭāni mañcapīṭhāni tālavaṇṭāni suvaṇṇarajatamayapānīyaghaṭapānīyasarāvāni yaṃkiñci cittakammakataṃ, sabbaṃ vaṭṭati. ‘‘Pāsādassa dāsidāsaṃ khettavatthuṃ gomahiṃsaṃ demā’’ti vadanti, pāṭekkaṃ gahaṇakiccaṃ natthi, pāsāde paṭiggahite paṭiggahitameva hoti. Gonakādīni saṅghikavihāre vā puggalikavihāre vā mañcapīṭhakesu attharitvā paribhuñjituṃ na vaṭṭanti. Dhammāsane pana gihivikaṭanihārena labbhanti, tatrāpi nipajjituṃ na vaṭṭati.
72伍波难德事论已结束。
Upanandavatthukathā niṭṭhitā.
73不可转让物事论
Avissajjiyavatthukathā
321“此等五种”:就类别而言有五种,但就具体形态而言则有很多。其中,园是指花圃或果园。园地是指为了那些园而划定保留的场所;或者当那些园毁坏后,其故址。精舍是指任何殿堂等坐卧处。精舍地是指其建立处所。床是指摩娑罗迦床、绑带床、曲脚床、可拆卸脚床——这四种先前说过的床中的任何一种。椅是指摩娑罗迦椅等四种椅中的任何一种。褥是指羊毛褥等五种褥中的任何一种。枕是指前述种类的枕中的任何一种。铁锅是指用黑铁或赤铜等任何金属制成的锅。铁壶等也是如此类推。但此处,壶是指水瓶。瓦器是指罐。锅就是锅。斧等和蔓草等中,没有难解的名称。如此——
321.Pañcimānīti rāsivasena pañca, sarūpavasena panetāni bahūni honti. Tattha ārāmo nāma pupphārāmo vā phalārāmo vā. Ārāmavatthu nāma tesaṃyeva ārāmānaṃ atthāya paricchinditvā ṭhapitokāso; tesu vā ārāmesu vinaṭṭhesu tesaṃ porāṇakabhūmibhāgo. Vihāro nāma yaṃkiñci pāsādādisenāsanaṃ. Vihāravatthu nāma tassa patiṭṭhānokāso. Mañco nāma – masārako, bundikābaddho, kuḷīrapādako āhaccapādakoti imesaṃ pubbe vuttānaṃ catunnaṃ mañcānaṃ aññataro . Pīṭhaṃ nāma masārakādīnaṃyeva catunnaṃ pīṭhānaṃ aññataraṃ. Bhisi nāma uṇṇabhisiādīnaṃ pañcannaṃ aññatarā. Bimbohanaṃ nāma vuttappakārānaṃ bimbohanānaṃ aññataraṃ. Lohakumbhī nāma kāḷalohena vā tambalohena vā yena kenaci lohena katā kumbhī. Lohabhāṇakādīsupi eseva nayo. Ettha pana bhāṇakanti arañjaro vuccati. Vārakoti ghaṭo. Kaṭāhaṃ kaṭāhameva. Vāsiādīsu valliādīsu ca duviññeyyaṃ nāma natthi. Evaṃ –
65有两类包含两项,第三类包含四项;
Dvisaṅgahāni dve honti, tatiyaṃ catusaṅgahaṃ;
66第四类有九部分,第五类有八种分类。
Catutthaṃ navakoṭṭhāsaṃ, pañcamaṃ aṭṭhabhedanaṃ.
67如此,以五种品类,具五净眼者——
Iti pañcahi rāsīhi, pañcanimmalalocano;
68导师开示了二十五种重物。
Pañcavīsavidhaṃ nātho, garubhaṇḍaṃ pakāsayi.
69此处有抉择论——因为所有这些重物在此处是不可转让的,在枳吒山的事缘中称为“不可分物”。而在《附随》中则说:
Tatrāyaṃ vinicchayakathā – idañhi sabbampi garubhaṇḍaṃ idha avissajjiyaṃ, kīṭāgirivatthusmiṃ ‘‘avebhaṅgiya’’nti vuttaṃ. Parivāre pana –
70“不可转让、不可分,此五者乃大仙所说;
‘‘Avissajjiyaṃ avebhaṅgiyaṃ, pañca vuttā mahesinā;
71若以交换方式转让、受用者,无犯。”
Vissajjentassa paribhuñjantassa anāpatti,
72此问题由善巧者所思维。”(《附随》479)——
Pañhā mesā kusalehi cintitā’’ti. (pari. 479) –
73已引述。因此,应知此处的意趣是:以根本断除的方式,是不可转让、不可分的;而以交换的方式,转让者和受用者则无犯。
Āgataṃ. Tasmā mūlacchejjavasena avissajjiyaṃ avebhaṅgiyañca parivattanavasena pana vissajjentassa paribhuñjantassa ca anāpattīti evamettha adhippāyo veditabbo.
74此处有次第论——首先,这五种重物不可挪用于衣、食、药。固定物与固定物、重物与重物可以交换。但固定物如田地、宅地、池塘、水渠等,僧团不可分配、接受或认可,唯有由净人分配后所得的净物才许可。而园与园、园地、精舍、精舍地——这四种可以互相交换。
Tatrāyaṃ anupubbikathā – idaṃ tāva pañcavidhampi cīvarapiṇḍapātabhesajjatthāya upanetuṃ na vaṭṭati. Thāvarena ca thāvaraṃ garubhaṇḍena ca garubhaṇḍaṃ parivattetuṃ vaṭṭati. Thāvare pana khettaṃ vatthu taḷākaṃ mātikāti evarūpaṃ bhikkhusaṅghassa vicāretuṃ vā sampaṭicchituṃ vā adhivāsetuṃ vā na vaṭṭati, kappiyakārakeheva vicāritato kappiyabhaṇḍaṃ vaṭṭati. Ārāmena pana ārāmaṃ ārāmavatthuṃ vihāraṃ vihāravatthunti imāni cattāri parivattetuṃ vaṭṭati.
75此处有交换方法——僧团的椰子园在远处,净人们又吃掉很多。即使不吃,从那里支付车费后也只能运来很少。而另有一些住在该园附近村庄的人,在精舍附近有园,他们来到僧团处,用自己的园请求换取那个园。僧团应白二羯磨:“僧团同意吗?”然后接受。即使比丘们有千棵树,人们有五百棵,也不应说“你们的园小”。因为虽然这个园小,但它比另一个能提供更多收入。即使提供的一样多,也因为能在想用的时候随时受用而应接受。但如果人们的树更多,则应说“你们的树不是更多吗?”如果他们说“让多余的成为我们的功德,我们布施给僧团”,告知后可以接受。比丘们的树结果实,人们的树尚未结果,虽然尚未结果,但不久就会结果,所以应接受。人们的树结果实,比丘们的树尚未结果,则应说“你们的树不是结果实吗?”如果他们给与说“请用,大德,这将成为我们的功德”,告知后可以接受。如此,以园换园。依此方法,园地、精舍、精舍地也应以园来交换。以或大或小的园地,可以交换园、园地、精舍、精舍地。
Tatrāyaṃ parivattananayo – saṅghassa nāḷikerārāmo dūre hoti, kappiyakārakā vā bahutaraṃ khādanti. Yampi na khādanti, tato sakaṭavetanaṃ datvā appameva haranti. Aññesaṃ pana tassa ārāmassa avidūragāmavāsīnaṃ manussānaṃ vihārassa samīpe ārāmo hoti, te saṅghaṃ upasaṅkamitvā sakena ārāmena taṃ ārāmaṃ yācanti, saṅghena ‘‘ruccati saṅghassā’’ti apaloketvā sampaṭicchitabbo. Sacepi bhikkhūnaṃ rukkhasahassaṃ hoti, manussānaṃ pañca satāni, ‘‘tumhākaṃ ārāmo khuddako’’ti na vattabbaṃ. Kiñcāpi hi ayaṃ khuddako, atha kho itarato bahutaraṃ āyaṃ deti. Sacepi samakameva deti; evampi icchiticchitakkhaṇe paribhuñjituṃ sakkāti gahetabbameva. Sace pana manussānaṃ bahutarā rukkhā honti, ‘‘nanu tumhākaṃ bahutarā rukkhā’’ti vattabbaṃ. Sace ‘‘atirekaṃ amhākaṃ puññaṃ hotu, saṅghassa demā’’ti vadanti, jānāpetvā sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati. Bhikkhūnaṃ rukkhā phaladhārino, manussānaṃ rukkhā na tāva phalaṃ gaṇhanti, kiñcāpi na gaṇhanti, na cirena gaṇhissantīti sampaṭicchitabbameva. Manussānaṃ rukkhā phaladhārino, bhikkhūnaṃ na tāva phalaṃ gaṇhanti, ‘‘nanu tumhākaṃ rukkhā phaladhārino’’ti vattabbaṃ. Sace ‘‘gaṇhatha, bhante, amhākaṃ puññaṃ bhavissatī’’ti denti, jānāpetvā sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati; evaṃ ārāmena ārāmo parivattetabbo. Eteneva nayena ārāmavatthupi vihāropi vihāravatthupi ārāmena parivattetabbaṃ. Ārāmavatthunā ca mahantena vā khuddakena vā ārāmaārāmavatthu vihāravihāravatthūni .
76如何以住处交换住处?若僧团在村内有一房屋,而居士们在寺院中间有一殿堂,两者价值相等,若居士们以该殿堂请求换取那房屋,可以接受。若比丘们的房屋价值更高,当对方说“我们的房屋价值更高”时,比丘们说:“虽然价值更高,但不适合出家人,出家人无法在那里居住,而此处适合,请取用。”这样说也可以接受。若居士们的房屋价值更高,则应说:“你们的房屋不是价值更高吗?”当对方说:“尊者,没关系,这将成为我们的功德,请取用。”如此说时,可以接受。应当这样以住处交换住处。依此方法,也应以住处交换寺院地,以寺院交换寺院地,以住处交换寺院地。以价值较高或较低的寺院地,可交换寺院、寺院地、寺院、寺院地。以上为以不动产交换不动产的方法。
Kathaṃ vihārena vihāro parivattetabbo? Saṅghassa antogāme gehaṃ hoti, manussānaṃ vihāramajjhe pāsādo, ubhopi agghena samakā, sace manussā tena pāsādena taṃ gehaṃ yācanti, sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati. Bhikkhūnaṃ ce mahagghataraṃ gehaṃ hoti, ‘‘mahagghataraṃ amhākaṃ geha’’nti vutte ‘‘kiñcāpi mahagghataraṃ, pabbajitānaṃ asāruppaṃ, na sakkā tattha pabbajitehi vasituṃ, idaṃ pana sāruppaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti vadanti; evampi sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati. Sace pana manussānaṃ mahagghaṃ hoti, ‘‘nanu tumhākaṃ gehaṃ mahaggha’’nti vattabbaṃ. ‘‘Hotu, bhante, amhākaṃ puññaṃ bhavissati, gaṇhathā’’ti vutte pana sampaṭicchituṃ vaṭṭati. Evaṃ vihārena vihāro parivattetabbo. Eteneva nayena vihāravatthupi ārāmopi ārāmavatthupi vihārena parivattetabbaṃ. Vihāravatthunā ca mahagghena vā appagghena vā vihāravihāravatthuārāmaārāmavatthūni. Evaṃ tāva thāvarena thāvaraparivattanaṃ veditabbaṃ.
77关于以重物交换重物:床、凳,无论大小,乃至仅四指高的床脚,甚至村童们在沙堆游戏中制作的,从赠予僧团之时起,即成为重物。即使国王、大臣等一次性赠送百张或千张床,所有如法的床皆应接受;接受后,应按戒腊顺序,以“请以僧团共用物方式使用”而给予,不应以个人所有的方式给予。多余的床可安置于库房等处,也可用于放置钵与衣。在界外以“我们供养僧团”而赠予的床,应放在僧团长老的住处。若那里床已很多,则此床无特定用途;若某住处有需要,则应以“请以僧团共用物方式使用”而给予。以价值百钱、千钱或十万钱的高价床,可换得其他百张床,应交换后取用。不仅床可以换床,寺院、寺院地、住处、住处地、凳、褥、枕也都可以交换。凳、褥、枕亦同此理。其中,如法与不如法的判断如前所述。不如法者不应使用,如法者应以僧团共用物方式使用。不如法或高价如法之物,应交换后取得前述物品。然而,没有不属于重物的褥和枕。
Garubhaṇḍena garubhaṇḍaparivattane pana mañcapīṭhaṃ mahantaṃ vā hotu khuddakaṃ vā, antamaso caturaṅgulapādakaṃ vā gāmadārakehi paṃsvāgārakesu kīḷantehi katampi saṅghassa dinnakālato paṭṭhāya garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti. Sacepi rājarājamahāmattādayo ekappahāreneva mañcasataṃ vā mañcasahassaṃ vā denti, sabbe kappiyamañcā sampaṭicchitabbā, sampaṭicchitvā vuḍḍhapaṭipāṭiyā ‘‘saṅghikaparibhogena paribhuñjathā’’ti dātabbā, puggalikavasena na dātabbā. Atirekamañce bhaṇḍāgārādīsu paññapetvā pattacīvaraṃ nikkhipitumpi vaṭṭati. Bahisīmāya ‘‘saṅghassa demā’’ti dinnamañco saṅghattherassa vasanaṭṭhāne dātabbo. Tattha ce bahū mañcā honti, mañcena kammaṃ natthi; yassa vasanaṭṭhāne kammaṃ atthi, tattha ‘‘saṅghikaparibhogena paribhuñjathā’’ti dātabbo. Mahagghena satagghanakena vā sahassagghanakena vā satasahassagghanakena vā mañcena aññaṃ mañcasataṃ labhati, parivattetvā gahetabbaṃ. Na kevalaṃ mañcena mañcoyeva, ārāmaārāmavatthuvihāravihāravatthupīṭhabhisibimbohanānipi parivattetuṃ vaṭṭanti. Esa nayo pīṭhabhisibimbohanesupi. Etesu hi kappiyākapyiyaṃ vuttanayameva. Tattha akappiyaṃ na paribhuñjitabbaṃ, kappiyaṃ saṅghikaparibhogena paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Akappiyaṃ vā mahagghaṃ kappiyaṃ vā parivattetvā vuttavatthūni gahetabbāni. Agarubhaṇḍupagaṃ pana bhisibimbohanaṃ nāma natthi.
78铁水壶、铁水罐、铁锅,这三者无论大小,乃至仅能盛一捧水的,皆为重物。然而,铁滤网,无论以黑铁、红铜、熟铁、青铜中任何一种制成,在锡兰岛,容量在一“足量”以下者可分配。所谓“足量”,约相当于摩揭陀量器的五“那利”,超过此容量者即为重物。以上为巴利圣典中提到的铁制器皿。
Lohakumbhī lohabhāṇakaṃ lohakaṭāhanti imāni tīṇi mahantāni vā hontu khuddakāni vā antamaso pasatamattaudakagaṇhanakānipi garubhaṇḍāniyeva. Lohavārako pana kāḷalohatambalohavaṭṭalohakaṃsalohānaṃ yena kenaci kato sīhaḷadīpe pādagaṇhanako bhājetabbo. Pādo ca nāma magadhanāḷiyā pañcanāḷimattaṃ gaṇhāti, tato adhikagaṇhanako garubhaṇḍaṃ. Imāni tāva pāḷiyaṃ āgatāni lohabhājanāni.
79即使巴利圣典中未提及的,如水壶、承接器、汤勺、长柄勺、小勺、碟、盘、盒、炭火盆、烟勺等,无论大小,皆为重物。钵、铁盘、铜盘,这些则为可分配物。青铜、熟铁等制成的器皿变体,可以僧团共用物方式使用,或作为在家人物品使用,不可以个人所有物方式使用。即使是供养给僧团的青铜等器皿,也不可作为随身物。据《大护持》说:“应以在家人物品的方式使用。”
Pāḷiyaṃ pana anāgatānipi bhiṅgārapaṭiggahauḷuṅkadabbikaṭacchupātitaṭṭakasarakasamuggaaṅgārakapalladhūmakaṭacchuādīni khuddakāni vā mahantāni vā sabbāni garubhaṇḍāni. Patto, ayathālakaṃ, tambalohathālakanti imāni pana bhājanīyāni. Kaṃsalohavaṭṭalohabhājanavikati saṅghikaparibhogena vā gihivikaṭā vā vaṭṭati, puggalikaparibhogena na vaṭṭati. Kaṃsalohādibhājanaṃ saṅghassa dinnampi hi pārihāriyaṃ na vaṭṭati. ‘‘Gihivikaṭanihāreneva paribhuñjitabba’’nti mahāpaccariyaṃ vuttaṃ.
80然而,除了器皿变体之外,其他如法的金属物品——如眼药盒、眼药棒、耳垢勺、针、叶针、小刀、小钳、小工具、锥子、钥匙、门闩、剪刀、钻孔器、鼻药管、矛、铁锤、铁砧、铁球、铁块、铁轮,以及其他各种金属制品,皆为可分配物。但烟囱、犁头、灯柱、灯盘、悬挂灯、人像、动物像等,以及其他用于墙壁、屋顶、门扇等的金属物,乃至铁钉,所有这些金属物品皆为重物。即使自己获得,也不可保留并以个人所有物方式使用,只能以僧团共用物方式或作为在家人物品使用。锡制品亦同此理。以乳石制成的盘、碗等,皆为重物。
Ṭhapetvā pana bhājanavikatiṃ aññasmimpi kappiyalohabhaṇḍe – añjanī, añjanisalākā, kaṇṇamalaharaṇī, sūci, paṇṇasūci, khuddako, pipphalako, khuddakaṃ, ārakaṇṭakaṃ, kuñcikā, tāḷaṃ, kattarayaṭṭhi vedhako, natthudānaṃ, bhindivālo, lohakūṭo, lohakuṭṭi, lohaguḷo, lohapiṇḍi, lohacakkalikaṃ, aññampi vippakatalohabhaṇḍaṃ bhājanīyaṃ. Dhūmanettaphāladīparukkhadīpakapallakaolambakadīpaitthipurisatiracchānagatarūpakāni pana aññāni vā bhitticchadanakavāṭādīsu upanetabbāni, antamaso lohakhilakaṃ upādāya sabbāni lohabhaṇḍāni garubhaṇḍāniyeva honti, attanā laddhānipi pariharitvā puggalikaparibhogena na paribhuñjitabbāni, saṅghikaparibhogena vā gihivikaṭāni vā vaṭṭanti. Tipubhaṇḍepi eseva nayo. Khīrapāsāṇamayāni taṭṭakasarakādīni garubhaṇḍāniyeva.
81然而,陶罐若用作油瓶,或容量超过一“足量”,即为重物。金、银、铜、水晶等制成的器皿,即使作为在家人物品也不可使用,更不用说以僧团共用物或个人所有物方式使用。但在坐卧具的使用中,无论可接触或不可接触的物品,一切皆可使用。
Ghaṭako pana telabhājanaṃ vā pādagaṇhanakato atirekameva garubhaṇḍaṃ. Suvaṇṇarajatahārakūṭajātiphalikabhājanāni gihivikaṭānipi na vaṭṭanti, pageva saṅghikaparibhogena vā puggalikaparibhogena vā. Senāsanaparibhoge pana āmāsampi anāmāsampi sabbaṃ vaṭṭati.
82在斧头等之中,凡是用以安置柄后,除了砍断柄木或削甘蔗皮之外,不能用来做其他大工作的斧头,这属于可分配物。比它更大的、以任何方式制成的斧头,都是重物。至于刀,乃至医师用来刺静脉的刀,也是重物。小斧头的判定与刀类似。但若制成武器的形类,则不可触摸。锄头,乃至仅四指宽的,也是重物。凿子,无论是方口、槽口、弯曲或直的,乃至用来钻扫帚柄孔的,只要装了柄,就是重物。而用来挖扫帚柄孔的,若没有装柄,仅是刃部,可以放入袋中携带,则属于可分配物。钻子也归入凿子一类。若有在家人将斧头等布施给寺院,而他们的房屋被烧或遭盗贼洗劫,他们说:‘尊者,请把工具还给我们,我们会恢复原状的’,则应归还。如果他们自己带来,不应阻止;即使不带来,也不应催促。
Vāsiādīsu yāya vāsiyā ṭhapetvā daṇḍakaṭṭhacchedanaṃ vā ucchutacchanaṃ vā aññaṃ mahākammaṃ kātuṃ na sakkā, ayaṃ bhājanīyā. Tato mahattarī yena kenaci ākārena katā vāsi garubhaṇḍameva. Pharasu pana antamaso vejjānaṃ sirāvedhanapharasupi garubhaṇḍameva. Kuṭhāriyaṃ pharasusadiso eva vinicchayo. Yā pana āvudhasaṅkhepena katā, ayaṃ anāmāsā. Kudālo antamaso caturaṅgulamattopi garubhaṇḍameva. Nikhādanaṃ caturassamukhaṃ vā hotu doṇimukhaṃ vā vaṅkaṃ vā ujukaṃ vā, antamaso sammuñjanidaṇḍakavedhanampi daṇḍabaddhaṃ ce, garubhaṇḍameva. Sammuñjanidaṇḍakhaṇanakaṃ pana adaṇḍakaṃ phalamattameva, yaṃ sakkā sipāṭikāya pakkhipitvā pariharituṃ, taṃ bhājanīyaṃ. Sikharampi nikhādaneneva saṅgahitaṃ. Yehi manussehi vihāre vāsiādīni dinnāni honti, te ca ghare daḍḍhe vā corehi vā vilutte ‘‘detha no, bhante, upakaraṇe, puna pākatike karissāmā’’ti vadanti, dātabbā. Sace āharanti , na vāretabbā; anāharantāpi na codetabbā.
83铁匠、铜匠、金匠、管匠、珠宝匠、补锅匠所用的砧、锤、钳、秤等一切金属器具,从布施给僧团之时起,即为重物。锡匠、金匠、皮匠的器具,也同此理。但有一点不同:在锡匠的器具中,切锡刀;在金匠的器具中,切金刀;在皮匠的器具中,已加工的皮革穿孔用的小刀——这些属于可分配物。理发匠、裁缝匠的器具中,除了大剪刀、大钳子、大熨斗之外,其余都是可分配物。大剪刀等是重物。
Kammārataṭṭakāracundakāranaḷakāramaṇikārapattabandhakānaṃ adhikaraṇimuṭṭhikasaṇḍāsatulādīni sabbāni lohamayaupakaraṇāni saṅghe dinnakālato paṭṭhāya garubhaṇḍāni. Tipukoṭṭakasuvaṇṇakāracammakāraupakaraṇesupi eseva nayo. Ayaṃ pana viseso – tipukoṭṭakaupakaraṇesupi tipucchedanasatthakaṃ, suvaṇṇakāraupakaraṇesu suvaṇṇacchedanasatthakaṃ, cammakāraupakaraṇesu kataparikammacammachiddanakaṃ khuddakasatthakanti imāni bhājanīyabhaṇḍāni. Nahāpitatunnakāraupakaraṇesupi ṭhapetvā mahākattariṃ mahāsaṇḍāsaṃ mahāpipphalakañca sabbaṃ bhājanīyaṃ. Mahākattariādīni garubhaṇḍāni.
84在藤蔓等之中,任何藤蔓,如竹藤等,长约半臂,若布施给僧团或于当地生长,且被守护保管,则为重物。若在僧团工程和塔庙工程完成后还有剩余,也可用于个人用途。若未被守护,则不是重物。用线、麻、树皮、椰子壳纤维、皮革制成的绳索或系带,以及用树皮和椰子壳纤维搓成的一股或两股的绳子,从布施给僧团之时起,即为重物。但未搓成绳而布施的线、麻、树皮、椰子壳纤维,则是可分配物。若有人布施了这些绳索、系带等,他们因自己的需要而取用时,不应阻止。
Valliādīsu vettavalliādikā yā kāci aḍḍhabāhuppamāṇā valli saṅghassa dinnā vā tatthajātakā vā rakkhitagopitā garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti, sā saṅghakamme ca cetiyakamme ca kate sace atirekā hoti, puggalikakammepi upanetuṃ vaṭṭati; arakkhitā pana garubhaṇḍameva na hoti. Suttamakacivākanāḷikerahīracammamayā rajjukā vā yottāni vā vāke ca nāḷikerahīre ca vaṭṭetvā katā ekavaṭṭā vā dvivaṭṭā vā saṅghassa dinnakālato paṭṭhāya garubhaṇḍaṃ. Suttaṃ pana avaṭṭetvā dinnaṃ makacivākanāḷikerahīrā ca bhājanīyā. Yehi panetāni rajjukayottādīni dinnāni honti, te attano karaṇīyena harantā na vāretabbā.
85任何竹子,乃至仅如八指长的针筒大小,若布施给僧团或于当地生长,且被守护保管,即为重物。在僧团工程和塔庙工程完成后,若有剩余,也可给予个人使用。但足油筒、手杖、鞋拔、伞柄、伞骨——这些在此属于可分配物。房屋被烧的人取用时,不应阻止。取用被守护保管的竹子时,应以等值或超值的固定物,乃至以等值的增益物作补偿后,方可取用。若不补偿而取用,则只能就地使用,离开时应放置于僧团住所。若无意中取走,应派人送还。若已去往他方,应放置于所到寺院的僧团住所。
Yo koci antamaso aṭṭhaṅgulasūcidaṇḍamattopi veḷu saṅghassa dinno vā tatthajātako vā rakkhitagopito garubhaṇḍaṃ, sopi saṅghakamme ca cetiyakamme ca kate atireko puggalikakamme dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Pādagaṇhanakatelanāḷi pana kattarayaṭṭhi, upāhanadaṇḍako, chattadaṇḍo, chattasalākāti idamettha bhājanīyabhaṇḍaṃ. Daḍḍhagehamanussā gaṇhitvā gacchantā na vāretabbā. Rakkhitagopitaṃ veḷuṃ gaṇhantena samakaṃ vā atirekaṃ vā thāvaraṃ antamaso taṃagghanakampi phātikammaṃ katvā gahetabbo . Phātikammaṃ akatvā gaṇhantena tattheva vaḷañjetabbo , gamanakāle saṅghikāvāse ṭhapetvā gantabbaṃ. Asatiyā gahetvā gatena pahiṇitvā dātabbo. Desantaraṃ gatena sampattavihāre saṅghikāvāse ṭhapetabbo.
86‘草’是指除了文阇草和灯芯草之外的一切草。在没有草的地方,人们用树叶覆盖,因此树叶也归入草类。如是,在文阇草等之中,任何一把量的草,以及在多罗叶等之中,乃至一片叶,若布施给僧团,或于当地生长,或在寺外属于僧团的草地所生的草,被守护保管,即为重物。在僧团工程和塔庙工程完成后,若有剩余,也可给予个人使用。房屋被烧的人取用时,不应阻止。乃至八指长的空棕榈叶书卷,也是重物。
Tiṇanti muñjaṃ pabbajañca ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ yaṃkiñci tiṇaṃ. Yattha pana tiṇaṃ natthi, tattha paṇṇehi chādenti; tasmā paṇṇampi tiṇeneva saṅgahitaṃ. Iti muñjādīsu yaṃkiñci muṭṭhippamāṇampi tiṇaṃ tālapaṇṇādīsu ca ekaṃ paṇṇampi saṅghassa dinnaṃ vā tatthajātakaṃ vā bahārāme saṅghassa tiṇavatthuto jātatiṇaṃ vā rakkhitagopitaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti, tampi saṅghakamme ca cetiyakamme ca kate atirekaṃ puggalikakamme dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Daḍḍhagehamanussā gahetvā gacchantā na vāretabbā. Aṭṭhaṅgulappamāṇopi rittapotthako garubhaṇḍameva.
87泥土,无论是天然泥土,或是五色土,或是石灰,或是石膏、红垩、赭石等任何一类,若从难得之地运来布施,或于当地生长,被守护保管,乃至如多罗果熟大的一块,即为重物。在僧团工程和塔庙工程完成后,若有剩余,也可给予个人使用。但雄黄、朱砂、绿矾、雌黄、锑粉则是可分配物。
Mattikā pakatimattikā vā hotu pañcavaṇṇā vā sudhā vā sajjurasakaṅguṭṭhasilesādīsu vā yaṃkiñci, dullabhaṭṭhāne ānetvā vā dinnaṃ tatthajātakaṃ vā rakkhitagopitaṃ tālaphalapakkamattaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti. Tampi saṅghakamme ca cetiyakamme ca niṭṭhite atirekaṃ puggalikakamme dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Hiṅguhiṅgulakaharitālamanosilañjanāni pana bhājanīyabhaṇḍāni.
88在木制品中,任何木制器具,乃至仅如八指长针筒大小,若在木材难得之地布施给僧团,或于当地生长,被守护保管,这即是重物——这是《库伦达注》所说。而在《大注疏》中,则将一切木、竹、皮革、石等制品都归入木制品,从‘尔时,僧团有了一张椅子生起’开始,阐述了木制品的判定。
Dārubhaṇḍe yo koci aṭṭhaṅgulasūcidaṇḍamattopi dārubhaṇḍako dārudullabhaṭṭhāne saṅghassa dinno vā tatthajātako vā rakkhitagopito, ayaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ hotīti kurundiyaṃ vuttaṃ. Mahāaṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana sabbampi dāruveḷucammapāsāṇādivikatiṃ dārubhaṇḍena saṅgaṇhitvā ‘‘tena kho pana samayena saṅghassa āsandiko uppanno hotī’’ti ito paṭṭhāya dārubhaṇḍavinicchayo vutto.
89此处略说其义:椅子、七支床、吉祥凳、小凳、羊脚凳、余甘子圆凳、平板、床板、草垫——在这些之中,无论小的或大的,布施给僧团的,都是重物。这里,草垫也包括了芭蕉叶等制成的垫子。蒙虎皮的、围以猛兽图像的、镶以宝石的床板,也是重物。
Tatrāyaṃ atthuddhāro, āsandiko, sattaṅgo, bhaddapīṭhaṃ, pīṭhikā, eḷakapādakapīṭhaṃ, āmalakavaṭṭakapīṭhaṃ, phalakaṃ, kocchaṃ, palālapīṭhakanti imesu tāva yaṃkiñci khuddakaṃ vā hotu mahantaṃ vā, saṅghassa dinnaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti. Palālapīṭhena cettha kadalipattādipīṭhānipi saṅgahitāni. Byagghacammaonaddhampi vāḷarūpaparikkhittaṃ, ratanaparisibbitaṃ, kocchakaṃ garubhaṇḍameva.
90弯曲木板、长木板、衣洗板、捶衣板、捶衣槌、牙签切割块、棍槌、砧板、染槽、接水器、木制或牙制或竹制的有脚或无脚匣、箱、不超过脚握持量尺寸的容器、水槽、水锅、瓢、勺、饮水杯、饮水壶,这些当中任何施予僧团的都是重物。而螺贝则是可分配的,同样木制水葫芦也是。
Vaṅkaphalakaṃ, dīghaphalakaṃ, cīvaradhovanaphalakaṃ, ghaṭṭanaphalakaṃ, ghaṭṭanamuggaro, dantakaṭṭhacchedanagaṇṭhikā, daṇḍamuggaro, ambaṇaṃ, rajanadoṇi, udakapaṭicchako, dārumayo vā dantamayo vā veḷumayo vā sapādakopi apādakopi samuggo, mañjūsā, pādagaṇhanakato atirekappamāṇo karaṇḍo, udakadoṇi, udakakaṭāhaṃ, uḷuṅko, kaṭacchu, pānīyasarāvaṃ, pānīyasaṅkhoti etesupi yaṃkiñci saṅghe dinnaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ. Saṅkhathālakaṃ pana bhājanīyaṃ, tathā dārumayo udakatumbo.
91足垫圈,无论是木制的还是布、叶等制的,一切都是重物。托盘、钵盖、扇子、团扇、篮、篓、杖扫帚、手扫帚,这些当中任何小的或大的,用木、竹、叶、皮革等任何材料制成的,都是重物。
Pādakathalikamaṇḍalaṃ dārumayaṃ vā hotu coḷapaṇṇādimayaṃ vā sabbaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ. Ādhārako pattapidhānaṃ, tālavaṇṭaṃ, bījanī, caṅkoṭakaṃ, pacchi, yaṭṭhisammuñjanī muṭṭhisammuñjanīti etesupi yaṃkiñci khuddakaṃ vā mahantaṃ vā dāruveḷupaṇṇacammādīsu yena kenaci kataṃ garubhaṇḍameva.
92柱、梁、梯板等,无论是木制或石制,任何属于房屋构件的,任何床架,任何铺地物,任何非许用皮革,一切施予僧团的都是重物,铺地物可以制作。而羊皮则属于垫褥类,那也是重物。许用皮革是可分配的。在《库伦达》中则说:‘一切床量大小的皮革都是重物。’
Thambhatulāsopānaphalakādīsu dārumayaṃ vā pāsāṇamayaṃ vā yaṃkiñci gehasambhārarūpaṃ, yo koci kaṭasārako, yaṃkiñci bhūmattharaṇaṃ, yaṃkiñci akappiyacammaṃ, sabbaṃ saṅghe dinnaṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ, bhūmattharaṇaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Eḷakacammaṃ pana paccattharaṇagatikaṃ hoti, tampi garubhaṇḍameva. Kappiyacammāni bhājanīyāni. Kurundiyaṃ pana ‘‘sabbaṃ mañcappamāṇaṃ cammaṃ garubhaṇḍa’’nti vuttaṃ.
93臼、杵、簸箕、磨石、小磨石、石槽、石锅、织机风箱等一切织工用具,一切农具,一切有轮车辆都是重物。床脚、床横档、凳脚、凳横档、斧凿等的柄,这些当中任何未完成刨削工作的、未完成的都是可分配的,而已刨削光滑的则是重物。而允许的刀柄、伞柄叶、剪刀、鞋、带燧木的钻火器、法槌、不超过脚握持量的余甘子葫芦、余甘子罐、葫芦葫芦、葫芦罐、角葫芦,这一切都是可分配的,比这更大的则是重物。
Udukkhalaṃ, musalaṃ, suppaṃ, nisadaṃ, nisadapoto, pāsāṇadoṇi, pāsāṇakaṭāhaṃ, turivemabhastādi sabbaṃ pesakārādibhaṇḍaṃ, sabbaṃ kasibhaṇḍaṃ, sabbaṃ cakkayuttakayānaṃ garubhaṇḍameva. Mañcapādo , mañcaaṭanī, pīṭhapādo, pīṭhaaṭanī, vāsipharasuādīnaṃ daṇḍāti etesu yaṃkiñci vippakatatacchanakammaṃ aniṭṭhitameva bhājanīyaṃ, tacchitamaṭṭhaṃ pana garubhaṇḍaṃ hoti. Anuññātavāsiyā pana daṇḍo chattamuṭṭhipaṇṇaṃ kattarayaṭṭhi upāhanā araṇisahitaṃ dhammakaraṇo pādagaṇhanakato anatirittaṃ āmalakatumbaṃ āmalakaghaṭo lābukatumbaṃ lābughaṭo visāṇakatumbanti sabbametaṃ bhājanīyaṃ, tato mahantataraṃ garubhaṇḍaṃ.
94象牙或任何角,未加刨削、保持原样的都是可分配的,用它们制成的床脚等,其判定与前述相同。即使已刨削完成,朱砂盒、眼药盒、纽扣、针筒、眼药筒、眼药棒、擦水布,这一切都是可分配的。
Hatthidanto vā yaṃkiñci visāṇaṃ vā atacchitaṃ yathājātameva bhājanīyaṃ, tehi katamañcapādādīsu purimasadisoyeva vinicchayo. Tacchitaniṭṭhitopi hiṅgukaraṇḍako añjanakaraṇḍako gaṇṭhikā vidho añjanī añjanisalākā udakapuñchanīti idaṃ sabbaṃ bhājanīyameva.
95在陶器中,一切人类受用、使用的罐、瓮等陶工器皿,钵锅、炭锅、熏烟器、灯树、灯盏、砖、瓦、塔尖等,从施予僧团之时起就是重物。而不超过脚握持量尺寸的罐、钵、盘、金器、瓶等,在此是可分配物品。如同陶器,在金属器中,瓶也属于可分配品类,这是此处的次第解说。
Mattikābhaṇḍe sabbaṃ manussānaṃ upabhogaparibhogaṃ ghaṭapiṭharādikulālabhājanaṃ pattakaṭāhaṃ aṅgārakaṭāhaṃ dhūmadānakaṃ dīparukkhako dīpakapallikā cayaniṭṭhakā chadaniṭṭhakā thūpikāti saṅghassa dinnakālato paṭṭhāya garubhaṇḍaṃ, pādagaṇhanakato anatirittappamāṇo pana ghaṭako pattaṃ thālakaṃ kañcanako kuṇḍikāti idamettha bhājanīyabhaṇḍaṃ. Yathā ca mattikābhaṇḍe; evaṃ lohabhaṇḍepi kuṇḍikā bhājanīyakoṭṭhāsameva bhajatīti ayamettha anupubbikathā.
106不可转让物事论已结束。
Avissajjiyavatthukathā niṭṭhitā.
107新建工程授权论
Navakammadānakathā
323323.‘仅以安装鸽笼架’指在门楣上方仅以安装鸽笼架。‘仅以涂抹围墙’指仅以涂抹牛粪围墙或树皮围墙。‘烟熏时’指只要其火葬堆的烟还可见,此住处就属于他,如此在烟熏时通过白二羯磨将已完成的住处给予。‘未完成’在此指未完成到椽子尚未升上。若椽子已升上,则称为‘已多作’,因此从那以后不应给予,他将令某人劝化后建造。在小住处,观察工程后给予六、五、四年:观察工程后,四肘住处给予四年,五肘给予五年,六肘给予六年。而半圆屋因是七、八肘,故此处说‘七、八年’。若其为九肘,也应给予九年。在大住处,十肘或十一肘的住处或殿堂,应给予十年或十一年。十二肘或超过的,即使如铜殿一般,也只应给予十二年,不应超过。
323.Bhaṇḍikāṭṭhapanamattenāti dvārabāhānaṃ upari kapotabhaṇḍikayojanamattena. Paribhaṇḍakaraṇamattenāti gomayaparibhaṇḍakasāvaparibhaṇḍakaraṇamattena. Dhūmakālikanti idaṃ yāvassa citakadhūmo na paññāyati, tāva ayaṃ vihāro etassevāti evaṃ dhūmakāle apaloketvā katapariyositaṃ vihāraṃ denti. Vippakatanti ettha vippakato nāma yāva gopānasiyo na ārohanti. Gopānasīsu pana āruḷhāsu bahukato nāma hoti, tasmā tato paṭṭhāya na dātabbo, kiñcideva samādapetvā kāressati. Khuddake vihāre kammaṃ oloketvā chappañcavassikanti kammaṃ oloketvā catuhatthavihāre catuvassikaṃ, pañcahatthe pañcavassikaṃ, chahatthe chavassikaṃ dātabbaṃ. Aḍḍhayogo pana yasmā sattaṭṭhahattho hoti, tasmā ettha ‘‘sattaṭṭhavassika’’nti vuttaṃ. Sace pana so navahattho hoti navavassikampi dātabbaṃ. Mahallake pana dasahatthe ekādasahatthe vihāre vā pāsāde vā dasavassikaṃ vā ekādasavassikaṃ vā dātabbaṃ. Dvādasahatthe pana tato adhike vā lohapāsādasadisepi dvādasavassikameva dātabbaṃ, na tato uttari.
97负责新建工程的比丘在雨安居期间获得该住处,在非安居期不能阻止。若该住处破旧,应告知住处所有者或生于其家族者:‘你的住处将坏,请修缮此住处。’若他不能,比丘们应劝化其亲属或护持者后修缮。若他们也不能,应以僧团资具修缮。若仍无,可舍弃一处住处而修缮其余。即使舍弃多处而保留一处,也是可以的。
Navakammiko bhikkhu antovasse taṃ āvāsaṃ labhati, utukāle paṭibāhituṃ na labhati. Sace so āvāso jīrati, āvāsasāmikassa vā tassa vaṃse uppannassa vā kassaci kathetabbaṃ – ‘‘āvāso te nassati, jaggatha etaṃ āvāsa’’nti. Sace so na sakkoti, bhikkhūhi ñātī vā upaṭṭhāke vā samādapetvā jaggitabbo. Sace tepi na sakkonti, saṅghikena paccayena jaggitabbo. Tasmimpi asati ekaṃ āvāsaṃ vissajjetvā avasesā jaggitabbā. Bahū vissajjetvā ekaṃ saṇṭhāpetumpi vaṭṭatiyeva.
98在饥荒时比丘们离去后,所有住处都会毁坏,因此应舍弃一个、两个或三个住处,然后由享用粥、食、衣等资具的比丘们守护其余住处。但在《库伦提亚》中说:“当僧团资具不足时,应对比丘说:‘你取一处床座之地守护。’若他想要更多,可给予三分之一或一半份额令其守护。若他不愿意,说‘这里只剩柱子,还有很多工作要做’,则应说‘你作为个人住处来守护吧;这样僧团也能获得存放物品之处和新比丘的住处’,令其守护。如此守护者,在其在世时属于个人,死后则仍属僧团。若他想给予弟子们,应观察其工作后,将三分之一或一半作为个人住处令其守护。这样他就能给予弟子们。若无守护者,则应以‘舍弃一个住处’等方法令其守护。”
Dubbhikkhe bhikkhūsu pakkantesu sabbe āvāsā nassanti, tasmā ekaṃ vā dve vā tayo vā āvāse vissajjetvā tato yāgubhattacīvarādīni paribhuñjantehi sesāvāsā jaggitabbāyeva. Kurundiyaṃ pana vuttaṃ ‘‘saṅghike paccaye asati eko bhikkhu ‘tuyhaṃ ekaṃ mañcaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā jaggāhī’ti vattabbo. Sace bahutaraṃ icchati, tibhāgaṃ vā upaḍḍhabhāgaṃ vā datvāpi jaggāpetabbaṃ. Atha ‘thambhamattamevettha avasiṭṭhaṃ, bahukammaṃ kātabba’nti na icchati, ‘tuyhaṃ puggalikameva katvā jagga; evampi hi saṅghassa bhaṇḍakaṭṭhapanaṭṭhānaṃ navakānañca vasanaṭṭhānaṃ labhissatī’ti jaggāpetabbo. Evaṃ jaggito pana tasmiṃ jīvante puggaliko hoti, mate saṅghikoyeva . Sace saddhivihārikānaṃ dātukāmo hoti, kammaṃ oloketvā tibhāgaṃ vā upaḍḍhaṃ vā puggalikaṃ katvā jaggāpetabbo. Evañhi saddhivihārikānaṃ dātuṃ labhati. Evaṃ jagganake pana asati ‘ekaṃ āvāsaṃ vissajjetvā’tiādinā nayena jaggāpetabbo’’ti.
99而且在那里还说了另一件事:两位比丘取得僧团土地,清理后建造僧团住所。先取得该地者为主人。两人都建造个人住所,仍是先得地者为主人。若一人建造僧团住所,另一人建造个人住所,如果还有其他很多住所地,建造个人住所者不应被阻止。但若没有其他那样合适的地方,则应阻止他,只应由建造僧团住所者来做。而他个人在那里所做的花费,应当给予补偿。若在已建成的住所或建住所处有能遮荫、结果实的树木,应征得同意后移除。若是个人所有,应询问主人;若他们不给,应三次请求后说‘我们将给出树木等值的价钱’,然后移除。
Idampi ca aññaṃ tattheva vuttaṃ – dve bhikkhū saṅghikaṃ bhūmiṃ gahetvā sodhetvā saṅghikaṃ senāsanaṃ karonti. Yena sā bhūmi paṭhamaṃ gahitā, so sāmī. Ubhopi puggalikaṃ karonti, soyeva sāmī. So saṅghikaṃ karoti, itaro puggalikaṃ karoti, aññaṃ ce bahuṃ senāsanaṭṭhānaṃ atthi , puggalikaṃ karontopi na vāretabbo. Aññasmiṃ pana tādise paṭirūpe ṭhāne asati taṃ paṭibāhitvā saṅghikaṃ karonteneva kātabbaṃ. Yaṃ pana tassa tattha vayakammaṃ kataṃ, taṃ dātabbaṃ. Sace pana katāvāse vā āvāsakaraṇaṭṭhāne vā chāyūpagaphalūpagarukkhā honti, apaloketvā hāretabbā. Puggalikā ce honti, sāmikā āpucchitabbā; no ce denti, yāvatatiyaṃ āpucchitvā ‘‘rukkhaagghanakamūlaṃ dassāmā’’ti hāretabbā.
100若有人未取用僧团哪怕一根藤蔓,以自带的资具在僧团土地上建造个人住所,则一半属于僧团,一半属于个人。若是楼阁,下层属于僧团,上层属于个人。若他想要下层,下层归他。若他上下层都想要,则两处各得一半。若建造两处住所,一处为僧团,一处为个人。若用住所中现成的材料建造,则得三分之一份额。若在未建处建造台基或门廊,外墙的一半属于僧团,一半属于他。若填平大块不平地并开辟道路而建成,则僧团对此无主权。
Yo pana saṅghikavallimattampi aggahetvā āharimena upakaraṇena saṅghikāya bhūmiyā puggalikavihāraṃ kāreti, upaḍḍhaṃ saṅghikaṃ hoti; upaḍḍhaṃ puggalikaṃ. Pāsādo ce hoti, heṭṭhāpāsādo saṅghiko; upari puggaliko. Sace so heṭṭhāpāsādaṃ icchati, tassa hoti. Atha heṭṭhā ca upari ca icchati, ubhayattha upaḍḍhaṃ labhati. Dve senāsanāni kāreti – ekaṃ saṅghikaṃ, ekaṃ puggalikaṃ. Sace vihāre uṭṭhitena dabbasambhārena kāreti, tatiyabhāgaṃ labhati. Sace akataṭṭhāne cayaṃ vā pamukhaṃ vā karoti, bahikuṭṭe upaḍḍhaṃ saṅghassa, upaḍḍhaṃ tassa. Atha mahantaṃ visamaṃ pūretvā apade padaṃ dassetvā kataṃ hoti, anissaro tattha saṅgho.
101“一个优选住处”在此处的意思是:在新工程分配处或按戒腊得住处处,凡他所想要的,我允许一个优选住处。
Ekaṃvaraseyyanti ettha navakammadānaṭṭhāne vā vassaggena pattaṭṭhāne vā yaṃ icchati, taṃ ekaṃ varaseyyaṃ anujānāmīti attho.
102“安居结束后离去,该住处仍属于他”的意思是:若他再回来居住,在雨安居内该住处仍属于他;若他不回来,弟子等也不能取得。
Pariyosite pakkamati tassevetanti puna āgantvā vasantassa antovassaṃ tasseva taṃ; anāgacchantassa pana saddhivihārikādayo gahetuṃ na labhanti.
115授予新建工程的论说已结束。
Navakammadānakathā niṭṭhitā.
116关于除非受用否则禁止等的论说
Aññatrapaṭibhogapaṭikkhepādikathā
324“不搬走”的意思是:不搬到别处去受用。“为保护故”的意思是:为了保护那里的床、椅等,我允许搬到别处,这是其含义。因此,若有人将其搬到别处以僧团共用方式受用,若丢失则完全丢失,若损坏则完全损坏。若该住所修复后物品完好,应恢复原状。若以个人受用方式受用,丢失或损坏则成为债务,在该住所修复后必须赔偿。若从那里取走椽子等用于其他僧团住所,则是妥善使用。若用于个人住所,则须支付价值或恢复原状。从废弃住所取走床、椅等物,若以盗心取,应按物品价值以举罪处理。若心想“在再成为住所时我将归还”而取走,以僧团共用方式受用者,若丢失则完全丢失,若损坏则完全损坏。若物品完好,应恢复原状。以个人受用方式受用者,若丢失则成为债务。由此,门、窗等若用于僧团住所或个人住所,都必须归还。
324.Nātiharantīti aññatra haritvā na paribhuñjanti. Guttatthāyāti yaṃ tattha mañcapīṭhādi, tassa guttatthāya, taṃ aññatra harituṃ anujānāmīti attho. Tasmā taṃ aññatra haritvā saṅghikaparibhogena paribhuñjantassa naṭṭhaṃ sunaṭṭhaṃ, jiṇṇaṃ sujiṇṇaṃ. Sace arogaṃ tasmiṃ vihāre paṭisaṅkhate puna pākatikaṃ kātabbaṃ. Puggalikaparibhogena paribhuñjato naṭṭhaṃ vā jiṇṇaṃ vā gīvā hoti, tasmiṃ paṭisaṅkhate dātabbameva. Sace tato gopānasiādīni gahetvā aññasmiṃ saṅghikāvāse yojenti, suyojitāni. Puggalikāvāse yojentehi pana mūlaṃ vā dātabbaṃ, paṭipākatikaṃ vā kātabbaṃ chaḍḍitavihārato mañcapīṭhādīni theyyacittena gaṇhanto uddhāreyeva bhaṇḍagghena kāretabbo. Puna āvāsikakāle dassāmīti gahetvā saṅghikaparibhogena paribhuñjantassa naṭṭhaṃ sunaṭṭhaṃ, jiṇṇaṃ sujiṇṇaṃ. Arogañce pākatikaṃ kātabbaṃ . Puggalikaparibhogena paribhuñjantassa naṭṭhaṃ gīvā hoti. Tato dvāravātapānādīni saṅghikāvāse vā puggalikāvāse vā yojitāni paṭidātabbāniyeva.
104“为增长业故”的意思是为了增值的业。此处的增长业,是指与床、椅等坐卧具价值相等或更高的坐卧具才合适。
Phātikammatthāyāti vaḍḍhikammatthāya. Phātikammañcettha samakaṃ vā atirekaṃ vā agghanakaṃ mañcapīṭhādisenāsanameva vaṭṭati.
105“轮状垫”是指用毯子等包裹制成的轮状垫。“以湿脚”是指脚踩处显现水迹,这样的脚不应踩踏涂敷过的地面或坐卧具。但若仅显现水汽而非水,则允许。擦脚布则即使湿脚也可以踩踏。穿鞋者以洗过的脚,只不允许踩踏应踩踏之处。
Cakkalikanti kambalādīhi veṭhetvā katacakkalikaṃ. Allehi pādehīti yehi akkantaṭṭhāne udakaṃ paññāyati, evarūpehi pādehi paribhaṇḍakatabhūmi vā senāsanaṃ vā na akkamitabbaṃ . Sace pana udakasinehamattameva paññāyati, na udakaṃ, vaṭṭati. Pādapuñchaniṃ pana allapādehipi akkamituṃ vaṭṭatiyeva. Saupāhanena dhotapādehi akkamitabbaṭṭhāneyeva na vaṭṭati.
106“用布包裹”的意思是:在石灰地或涂敷过的地面上,如果没有席子或垫子,应用布包裹脚;若没有布,铺上树叶也可以。若什么也不铺就放置脚,则是恶作。但若那里的常住者即使不铺地面也放置脚,不洗脚也使用,那么同样使用也是允许的。
Coḷakena paliveṭhetunti sudhābhūmiyaṃ vā paribhaṇḍabhūmiyaṃ vā sace taṭṭikā vā kaṭasārako vā natthi, coḷakena pādā veṭhetabbā, tasmiṃ asati paṇṇampi attharituṃ vaṭṭati. Kiñci anattharitvā ṭhapentassa pana dukkaṭaṃ. Yadi pana tattha nevāsikā anatthatāyapi bhūmiyā ṭhapenti, adhotapādehipi vaḷañjenti, tatheva vaḷañjetuṃ vaṭṭati.
107“比丘们,不应在已装修的墙壁上”是指白墙或彩绘墙。不仅墙壁,门、窗、靠板、石柱、木柱,若不用衣物等遮盖,都不可倚靠。
Na bhikkhave parikammakatā bhittīti setabhitti vā cittakammakatā vā. Na kevalañca bhittimeva, dvārampi vātapānampi apassenaphalakampi pāsāṇatthambhampi rukkhatthambhampi cīvarena vā kenaci vā appaṭicchādetvā apassayituṃ na labbhatiyeva.
108“Dhotapādakā”指洗净了脚的人,即对以洗净的脚应踏入之处,若躺卧则生悔。“Dhotapādake”也是异读。这是对以洗净的脚应踏入之处的称呼。“Paccattharitvā”意为:必须用自己的敷具铺在已作平整的地面、或地上的敷具卧具、或僧团的床与凳上之后才躺下。若在睡着时,敷具皱缩,有身体任何部分触到床或凳,也犯。若就毛发而言,按毛发数亦犯。对于以头依靠而卧者,也是同样的道理。但以手掌和脚底接触或踩踏则是允许的。若在搬移床凳时身体被碰到,不犯。
Dhotapādakāti dhotapādakā hutvā dhotehi pādehi akkamitabbaṭṭhāne nipajjituṃ kukkuccāyanti. ‘‘Dhotapādake’’tipi pāṭho. Dhotehi pādehi akkamitabbaṭṭhānassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ . Paccattharitvāti paribhaṇḍakataṃ bhūmiṃ vā bhūmattharaṇasenāsanaṃ vā saṅghikamañcapīṭhaṃ vā attano santakena paccattharaṇena paccattharitvāva nipajjitabbaṃ. Sace niddāyatopi paccattharaṇe saṅkuṭite koci sarīrāvayavo mañcaṃ vā pīṭhaṃ vā phusati, āpattiyeva. Lomesu pana lomagaṇanāya āpattiyeva. Paribhogasīsena apassayantassāpi eseva nayo. Hatthatalapādatalehi pana phusituṃ vā akkamituṃ vā vaṭṭati. Mañcapīṭhaṃ nīharantassa kāye paṭihaññati, anāpatti.
123关于禁止作别处使用等的论说已结束。
Aññatraparibhogapaṭikkhepādikathā niṭṭhitā.
124关于准许僧团供食等的论说。
Saṅghabhattādianujānanakathā
325“不能作僧团食”意为不能为整个僧团作食。在“指定食”等之中,有人希望以“从僧团中指定一位或两位……乃至十位比丘而供养”这样的指定方式,为所得到的比丘们作食。另一些人希望同样地划定比丘、邀请后为他们作食。另一些人希望以抽签方式,另一些人希望以“半月食、布萨食、月首食”这样确定后,为一位或两位……乃至十位比丘作食。如是,这些食得到了“指定食、邀请食”的名称。然而,因为他们即使在饥馑时不能作,但在丰饶时又能再作僧团食,所以世尊将此也包括在内,说:“诸比丘,我允许僧团食、指定食……”等。
325.Nasakkonti saṅghabhattaṃ kātunti sakalassa saṅghassa bhattaṃ kātuṃ na sakkonti. Uddesabhattantiādīsu ‘‘ekaṃ vā dve vā…pe… dasa vā bhikkhū saṅghato uddisitvā dethā’’ti evaṃ uddesena laddhabhikkhūnaṃ bhattaṃ kātuṃ icchanti. Apare tatheva bhikkhū paricchinditvā nimantetvā tesaṃ bhattaṃ kātuṃ icchanti. Apare salākāyo chinditvā, apare pakkhikaṃ uposathikaṃ pāṭipadikanti evaṃ niyāmetvā, ekassa vā dvinnaṃ vā…pe… dasannaṃ vā bhikkhūnaṃ bhattaṃ kātuṃ icchanti. Iti etāni bhattāni uddesabhattaṃ nimantananti imaṃ vohāraṃ pattāni. Yasmā pana te sacepi dubbhikkhe na sakkonti, subhikkhe jāte pana puna saṅghabhattaṃ kātuṃ sakkhissanti, tasmā bhagavā tampi anto katvā ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, saṅghabhattaṃ uddesabhatta’’ntiādimāha.
110其中,僧团食没有固定位次,因此不应说:“我们这十天、十二天在用餐的人,现在去别处请比丘来。”也不应说:“前些日子我们没有得到,现在你们为我们取那个。”因为那食物本就属于所有来者。
Tattha saṅghabhatte ṭhitikā nāma natthi, tasmā ‘‘amhākaṃ ajja dasa dvādasa divasā bhuñjantānaṃ idāni aññato bhikkhū ānethā’’ti na evaṃ tattha vattabbaṃ. ‘‘Purimadivasesu amhehi na laddhaṃ, idāni taṃ amhākaṃ gāhethā’’ti evampi vattuṃ na labbhati. Tañhi āgatāgatānaṃ pāpuṇātiyeva.
127关于准许僧团供食等的论说已结束。
Saṅghabhattādianujānanakathā niṭṭhitā.
128指定供食的论说。
Uddesabhattakathā
111在指定食等之中,有这样的方法:当国王或大臣从僧团中指定后,派人来说“请带这么多比丘来”时,应唱时后询问固定位次。若有,则从那时起按位次取;若无,则从长老座开始取。指定者也不可越过常行乞食者。但他们为了守护头陀支,自己会越过。如此取食时,若有懈怠的大长老后来才到,不应说:“尊者,正在为二十夏者取食,您的固定位次已过。”应保留固定位次,先为他们取食,之后再按固定位次取。若听说“某寺生起许多指定食”,比丘们即使从一由旬距离的寺院也来,对已到达者应从其站立处开始按位次取。对未到达但已进入近行界者,若其弟子等在代取,也应取给。有人说应为在近行界外站立者取,不应取。然而,若他们进入近行界后,与界内者成为同一群体,或在自己寺院门口、或就在寺院内,则此界称为依众而增广的界,因此应取。即使已给新到僧团者,对后来者也应取。但在第二部分,当长老座已升座时,对再来者,第一部分不适用,应从第二部分按戒腊取。
Uddesabhattādīsu pana ayaṃ nayo – raññā vā rājamahāmattena vā saṅghato uddisitvā ‘‘ettake bhikkhū ānethā’’ti pahite kālaṃ ghosetvā ṭhitikā pucchitabbā. Sace atthi, tato paṭṭhāya gāhetabbaṃ; no ce, therāsanato paṭṭhāya gāhetabbaṃ. Uddesakena piṇḍapātikānampi na atikkāmetabbaṃ. Te pana dhutaṅgaṃ rakkhantā sayameva atikkamissanti; evaṃ gāhiyamāne alasajātikā mahātherā pacchā āgacchanti, ‘‘bhante, vīsativassānaṃ gāhiyati, tumhākaṃ ṭhitikā atikkantā’’ti na vattabbā, ṭhitikaṃ ṭhapetvā tesaṃ gāhetvā pacchā ṭhitikāya gāhetabbaṃ. ‘‘Asukavihāre bahuṃ uddesabhattaṃ uppanna’’nti sutvā yojanantarikavihāratopi bhikkhū āgacchanti, sampattasampattānaṃ ṭhitaṭṭhānato paṭṭhāya gāhetabbaṃ. Asampattānampi upacārasīmaṃ paviṭṭhānaṃ antevāsikādīsu gaṇhantesu gāhetabbameva. Bahiupacārasīmāya ṭhitānaṃ gāhethāti vadanti, na gāhetabbaṃ. Sace pana upacārasīmaṃ okkantehi ekābaddhā hutvā attano vihāradvāre vā antovihāreyeva vā honti, parisāvasena vaḍḍhitā nāma sīmā hoti, tasmā gāhetabbaṃ. Saṅghanavakassa dinnepi pacchā āgatānaṃ gāhetabbameva . Dutiyabhāge pana therāsanaṃ āruḷhe puna āgatānaṃ paṭhamabhāgo na pāpuṇāti, dutiyabhāgato vassaggena gāhetabbaṃ.
112在一所寺院,划定一处食指定处后,即使在范围达一伽浮他的近行界内任何地方被告知的指定食,也应在该食指定处按位次取。若有人派一位比丘去说:“明天也从僧团中指定十位比丘派来”,他应将此事告知食指定者。若当天忘了,应在第二天一早告知。若又忘了,在入村乞食时才想起,只要未越过近行界,就应按食堂中本有的固定位次取。即使比丘们已越过近行界,若他们与近行界内者成为同一群体,彼此不离开十二手距离而行,也应按本有固定位次取。但若比丘们没有那样的同一群体,在近行界外想起的地方,应设立新的固定位次而取。在村内的座堂想起者,应按座堂的固定位次取。无论在哪里想起都应取,不取是不允许的。因为这食在第二天是得不到的。
Ekasmiṃ vihāre ekaṃ bhattuddesaṭṭhānaṃ paricchinditvā gāvutappamāṇāyapi upacārasīmāya yattha katthaci ārocitaṃ uddesabhattaṃ, tasmiṃyeva bhattuddesaṭṭhāne gāhetabbaṃ. Eko ekassa bhikkhuno pahiṇāti ‘‘svepi saṅghato uddisitvā dasa bhikkhū pahiṇathā’’ti, tena so attho bhattuddesakassa ārocetabbo. Sace taṃ divasaṃ pamussati, dutiyadivase pātova ārocetabbo. Atha pamussitvāva piṇḍāya pavisanto sarati, yāva upacārasīmaṃ nātikkamati, tāva yā bhojanasālāya pakatiṭṭhitikā, tassāyeva vasena gāhetabbaṃ. Sacepi upacārasīmaṃ atikkantā bhikkhū ca upacārasīmaṭṭhakehi ekābaddhā honti, aññamaññaṃ dvādasahatthantaraṃ avijahitvā gacchanti, pakatiṭṭhitikāya vasena gāhetabbaṃ. Bhikkhūnaṃ pana tādise ekābaddhe asati bahiupacārasīmāya yasmiṃ ṭhāne sarati, tattha navaṃ ṭhitikaṃ katvā gāhetabbaṃ. Antogāme āsanasālāya sarantena āsanasālāya ṭhitikāya gāhetabbaṃ. Yattha katthaci saritvā gāhetabbameva, agāhetuṃ na vaṭṭati. Na hi etaṃ dutiyadivase labbhatīti.
113若有人看见比丘们从自己的寺院前往其他寺院,便指定了指定食,只要他们还在内近行处,或与近行界内者如前所说成为同一群体,就应按自己寺院的固定位次取。若为在近行界外站立者而给,当有人说“尊者,请从僧团中指定这么多比丘”时,应为已到达者取。应知,在那里,不离开十二手距离、依同一群体之理,即使站在远处也算已到达。若他们前往某寺院,并在那里告知已进入者,则应按该寺院的固定位次取。即使有人在村门口、或街道上、或十字路口、或屋间看见比丘们而告知僧团指定,也应在各个地方为进入内近行处者取。
Sace sakavihārato aññaṃ vihāraṃ gacchante bhikkhū disvā koci uddesabhattaṃ uddisāpeti, yāva antoupacāre vā upacārasīmaṭṭhakehi saddhiṃ vuttanayena ekābaddhā vā honti, tāva sakavihāre ṭhitikāvaseneva gāhetabbaṃ. Bahiupacāre ṭhitānaṃ dinnaṃ pana ‘‘saṅghato bhante ettake nāma bhikkhū uddisathā’’ti vutte sampattānaṃ gāhetabbaṃ. Tattha dvādasahatthantaraṃ avijahitvā ekābaddhanayena dūre ṭhitāpi sampattāyevāti veditabbaṃ. Sace yaṃ vihāraṃ gacchanti, tattha paviṭṭhānaṃ ārocenti, tassa vihārassa ṭhitikāvasena gāhetabbaṃ. Sacepi gāmadvāre vā vīthiyaṃ vā catukke vā antaraghare vā bhikkhū disvā koci saṅghuddesaṃ āroceti, tasmiṃ tasmiṃ ṭhāne antoupacāragatānaṃ gāhetabbaṃ.
114此处的“住处范围”应依“一屋一范围、一屋多范围、多屋一范围、多屋多范围”这四种情况来理解。其中,若有一户人家的房屋,只有一个出入口,且位于悬崖等界限之内,即称为“一屋一范围”。在那里产生的指定利得,即使是以乞食行仪而住于该范围内的所有人,都能得到,这称为“一屋一范围”。
Gharūpacāro cettha ‘‘ekaṃ gharaṃ ekūpacāraṃ, ekaṃ gharaṃ nānūpacāraṃ, nānāgharaṃ ekūpacāraṃ, nānāgharaṃ nānūpacāra’’nti imesaṃ vasena veditabbo. Tattha yaṃ ekakulassa gharaṃ ekavaḷañjaṃ hoti, taṃ suppapātaparicchedassa anto ekūpacāraṃ nāma. Tatthuppanno uddesalābho tasmiṃ upacāre bhikkhācāravattenapi ṭhitānaṃ sabbesaṃ pāpuṇāti, etaṃ ‘‘ekaṃ gharaṃ ekūpacāraṃ’’ nāma.
115然而,若有一屋,为两位妻子的安乐居住,在中间筑起墙壁,作成不同门户的出入口,在那里产生的指定利得,不能到达墙壁的另一侧,只能到达各自所在之处就坐者,这称为“一屋多范围”。
Yaṃ pana ekaṃ gharaṃ dvinnaṃ bhariyānaṃ sukhavihāratthāya majjhe bhittiṃ uṭṭhāpetvā nānādvāravaḷañjaṃ kataṃ, tatthuppanno uddesalābho bhittiantarikassa na pāpuṇāti, tasmiṃ tasmiṃ ṭhāne nisinnasseva pāpuṇāti, etaṃ ‘‘ekaṃ gharaṃ nānūpacāraṃ’’ nāma.
116然而,若在一屋内,邀请了许多比丘,从屋内开始,将其连成一片,并坐满邻居的房屋,在那里产生的指定利得,所有人都能得到。又或者,多户人家的住处,中间不筑墙,仅以一个门户共同使用,那里也适用同样的道理。这称为“多屋一范围”。
Yasmiṃ pana ghare bahū bhikkhū nimantetvā antogehato paṭṭhāya ekābaddhe katvā paṭivissakagharānipi pūretvā nisīdāpenti, tatthuppanno uddesalābho sabbesaṃ pāpuṇāti. Yampi nānākulassa nivesanaṃ majjhe bhittiṃ akatvā ekadvāreneva vaḷañjanti, tatrāpi eseva nayo. Etaṃ ‘‘nānāgharaṃ ekūpacāraṃ’’ nāma.
117然而,若在多个住处就坐的比丘们产生了指定利得,即使透过墙壁的缝隙能看见比丘,也仅能到达各自住处内就坐者,这称为“多屋多范围”。
Yo pana nānānivesanesu nisinnānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ uddesalābho uppajjati, kiñcāpi bhitticchiddena bhikkhū dissanti, tasmiṃ tasmiṃ nivesane nisinnānaṃyeva pāpuṇāti, etaṃ ‘‘nānāgharaṃ nānūpacāraṃ’’ nāma.
118然而,若有人在村门、街道、广场等某一处所得到了指定施食,在没有其他比丘时,自己使其归属自己,第二天仍在同一处所得到了另一份,那么,当他见到任何其他新学比丘或长老比丘时,就应交给那位比丘。如果没有任何人,就应自己使其归属自己而食用。
Yo pana gāmadvāravīthicatukkesu aññatarasmiṃ ṭhāne uddesabhattaṃ labhitvā aññasmiṃ bhikkhusmiṃ asati attanova pāpuṇāpetvā dutiyadivasepi tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne aññaṃ labhati, tena yaṃ aññaṃ navakaṃ vā vuḍḍhaṃ vā bhikkhuṃ passati, tassa gāhetabbaṃ. Sace koci natthi, attanova pāpetvā bhuñjitabbaṃ.
119如果比丘们坐在座堂中等待时间时,有人前来说:“请给僧团指定钵,请给指定钵,请从僧团指定后给钵,请给僧团钵”,则应依规定取得指定钵而给予。若说:“请给僧团指定比丘,请从僧团指定后给比丘,请给僧团比丘”,也适用同样的道理。
Sace āsanasālāya nisīditvā kālaṃ paṭimānentesu bhikkhūsu koci āgantvā ‘‘saṅghuddesapattaṃ detha, uddesapattaṃ detha, saṅghato uddisitvā pattaṃ detha, saṅghikaṃ pattaṃ dethā’’ti vā vadati, uddesapattaṃ ṭhitikāya gāhetvā dātabbaṃ. ‘‘Saṅghuddesabhikkhuṃ detha, saṅghato uddisitvā bhikkhuṃ detha, saṅghikaṃ bhikkhuṃ dethā’’ti vuttepi eseva nayo.
120然而,此处的指定者应是可爱、有惭、有慧之人。他应三次询问规定,若无人知道规定,则应从长老座取得。若有人说:“我知道,是十年所得”,则应问:“贤友,有十年比丘吗?”若听到后,许多人前来说“我们是十年,我们是十年”,不应说“你得到,你得到”,而应说“大家都小声”,然后按次第安排。安排后,应问优婆塞:“你们想要几位?”当他说“尊者,要这么多位比丘”时,不应说“你得到,你得到”,而应询问所有新学比丘的戒腊、季节、日期部分和影长。若在询问影长时,有更年长的比丘到来,就应给他。若问完影长后说“你得到”时,有更年长的比丘到来,则不能得到。因为即使坐着或打瞌睡,已取得的就是善取得,已错过的就是善错过,这名为可分配之物,只归属于在场者,在那里,在场状态应以范围来界定。而座堂的内部围墙是范围,站在其中者的利得即能获得。
Uddesako panettha pesalo lajjī medhāvī icchitabbo, tena tikkhattuṃ ṭhitikaṃ pucchitvā sace koci ṭhitikaṃ jānanto natthi, therāsanato gāhetabbaṃ. Sace pana ‘‘ahaṃ jānāmi, dasavassena laddha’’nti koci bhaṇati, ‘‘atthāvuso, dasavassā bhikkhū’’ti pucchitabbaṃ. Sace tassa sutvā ‘‘dasavassamha dasavassamhā’’ti bahū āgacchanti, ‘‘tuyhaṃ pāpuṇāti, tuyhaṃ pāpuṇātī’’ti avatvā ‘‘sabbe appasaddā hothā’’ti vatvā paṭipāṭiyā ṭhapetabbā. Ṭhapetvā ‘‘kati icchathā’’ti upāsako pucchitabbo. ‘‘Ettake nāma, bhante, bhikkhū’’ti vutte ‘‘tuyhaṃ pāpuṇāti, tuyhaṃ pāpuṇātī’’ti avatvā sabbanavakassa vassaggañca utu ca divasabhāgo ca chāyā ca pucchitabbā. Sace chāyāyapi pucchiyamānāya añño vuḍḍhataro āgacchati, tassa dātabbaṃ. Atha chāyaṃ pucchitvā ‘‘tuyhaṃ pāpuṇātī’’ti vutte vuḍḍhataro āgacchati, na labhati. Kathāpapañcena hi nisinnassāpi niddāyantassāpi gāhitaṃ suggāhitaṃ, atikkantaṃ suatikkantaṃ, bhājanīyabhaṇḍañhi nāmetaṃ sampattasseva pāpuṇāti, tattha sampattabhāvo upacārena paricchinditabbo. Āsanasālāya ca antoparikkhepo upacāro, tasmiṃ ṭhitassa lābho pāpuṇātīti.
121有人从座堂取来八个指定钵,将七个钵盛满美味食物,一个盛满水,送到座堂。取来的人什么也不说,将钵放在比丘们手中就离开了。谁得到了什么,就归谁所有。然而,得到水的人,即使错过了规定,也应除去规定而取得另一份指定施食。无论他得到的是粗食、妙食还是三衣资具,都归他所有。这确实是他的功德殊胜。但因为水不是食物,所以能得到另一份指定施食。
Koci āsanasālato aṭṭha uddesapatte āharāpetvā satta patte paṇītabhojanānaṃ ekaṃ udakassa pūretvā āsanasālāyaṃ pahiṇāti, gahetvā āgatā kiñci avatvā bhikkhūnaṃ hatthesu patiṭṭhāpetvā pakkamanti. Yena yaṃ laddhaṃ, tasseva taṃ hoti. Yena pana udakaṃ laddhaṃ, tassa atikkantampi ṭhitikaṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ uddesabhattaṃ gāhetabbaṃ. Tañca lūkhaṃ vā labhatu paṇītaṃ vā ticīvaraparivāraṃ vā, tassevetaṃ. Īdiso hissa puññaviseso. Udakaṃ pana yasmā āmisaṃ na hoti, tasmā aññaṃ uddesabhattaṃ labbhati.
122然而,如果取来的人说:“尊者,据说请把这些全部分配后食用”,然后离去,那么所有人应分配后食用,并饮水。若有人从僧团指定后说:“请给八位大长老,请给中座,请给新学,请给戒腊圆满的沙弥,请给中诵者等,请给我的亲戚比丘”,则应说:“优婆塞,你虽这样说,但按规定他们得不到”,然后仅依规定给予。当幼小沙弥们得到指定施食时,如果施主家有庆典,应说:“请你们送去给你们的戒师和依止师”。
Sace pana te gahetvā āgatā ‘‘idaṃ kira bhante sabbaṃ bhājetvā bhuñjathā’’ti vatvā gacchanti, sabbehi bhājetvā bhuñjitvā udakaṃ pātabbaṃ. Saṅghato uddisitvā ‘‘aṭṭha mahāthere detha, majjhime detha, navake detha, paripuṇṇavassasāmaṇere detha, majjhimabhāṇakādayo detha, mayhaṃ ñātibhikkhū dethā’’ti vadantassa pana ‘‘upāsaka, tvaṃ evaṃ vadasi, ṭhitikāya pana tesaṃ na pāpuṇātī’’ti vatvā ṭhitikāvaseneva dātabbā. Daharasāmaṇerehi pana uddesabhattesu laddhesu sace dāyakānaṃ ghare maṅgalaṃ hoti, ‘‘tumhākaṃ ācariyupajjhāye pesethā’’ti vattabbaṃ.
123然而,在指定施食中,若第一部分归属于沙弥们,随后部分归属于大长老们,在那里,沙弥们不能因为“我们得到了第一部分”而走到前面,必须按次第而行。若从僧团指定后说“你们来”时,即使有人说“你以后也会知道我的,但规定是这样进行的”,也应仅依规定取得。若说“请给僧团指定钵”后,在钵尚未被取得时,有人取了任何人的钵盛满后送来,送来的也应仅依规定取得。
Yasmiṃ pana uddesabhatte paṭhamabhāgo sāmaṇerānaṃ pāpuṇāti, anubhāgo mahātherānaṃ, na tattha sāmaṇerā ‘‘mayaṃ paṭhamabhāgaṃ labhimhā’’ti purato gantuṃ labhanti, yathāpaṭipāṭiyā eva gantabbaṃ. ‘‘Saṅghato uddisitvā ‘tumhe ethā’ti vutte ‘mayhaṃ aññadāpi jānissasi, ṭhitikā pana evaṃ gacchatī’’’ti ṭhitikāvaseneva gāhetabbaṃ. Atha ‘‘saṅghuddesapattaṃ dethā’’ti vatvā agāhiteyeva patte yassa kassaci pattaṃ gahetvā pūretvā āharati, āhaṭampi ṭhitikāya eva gāhetabbaṃ.
124有一人被派去说“把分饭钵拿来”,他却说:“尊者,请给我一个钵,我要去取招待饭。”如果比丘们知道他是从分饭施食家来的,便问他:“你不是从某家来的吗?”他回答:“是的,尊者,不是招待饭,是分饭。”则应按固定分给法取用。若有人被派去说“拿一个钵来”,他问:“我该怎么说去拿呢?”对方答:“随你喜欢。”此人名为自由使者。无论是分饭钵、按次第钵还是个人钵,他想拿哪个,就应给他哪个。有一个愚笨不灵巧的人被派去说“把分饭钵拿来”,却不会说话,默然站着。不应问他“你从谁那里来?”或“你要把谁的钵带去?”因为若这样问,他可能会顺着问话回答:“我从您这里来”或“我要把您的钵带去。”那样的话,其他比丘会厌恶那位比丘,不再理睬他。但应问他:“你去哪里?在做什么来回走?”当他回答“我是为分饭钵而来的”时,应取钵给他。
Eko ‘‘saṅghuddesapattaṃ āharā’’ti pesito ‘‘bhante, ekaṃ pattaṃ detha, nimantanabhattaṃ āharissāmī’’ti vadati, so ce uddesabhattagharato ayaṃ āgatoti ñatvā bhikkhūhi ‘‘nanu tvaṃ asukagharato āgato’’ti vutto ‘‘āma, bhante, na nimantanabhattaṃ, uddesabhatta’’nti bhaṇati, ṭhitikāya gahetabbaṃ. Yo pana ‘‘ekaṃ pattaṃ āharā’’ti vutto ‘‘‘ki’nti vatvā āharāmī’’ti vatvā ‘‘yathā te ruccatī’’ti vutto āgacchati, ayaṃ vissaṭṭhadūto nāma. Uddesapattaṃ vā paṭipāṭipattaṃ vā puggalikapattaṃ vā yaṃ icchati, taṃ tassa dātabbaṃ. Eko bālo abyatto ‘‘uddesapattaṃ āharā’’ti pesito vattuṃ na jānāti, tuṇhībhūto tiṭṭhati, so ‘‘kassa santikaṃ āgatosī’’ti vā ‘‘kassa pattaṃ harissasī’’ti vā na vattabbo. Evañhi vutto pucchāsabhāgena ‘‘tumhākaṃ santikaṃ āgatomhī’’ti ‘‘tumhākaṃ pattaṃ harissāmī’’ti vā vadeyya, tato taṃ bhikkhuṃ aññe bhikkhū jigucchantā na olokeyyuṃ. ‘‘Kuhiṃ gacchasi, kiṃ karonto āhiṇḍasī’’ti pana vattabbo. Tassa ‘‘uddesapattatthāya āgatomhī’’ti vadantassa gāhetvā patto dātabbo.
125有一种称为固定分的情况。在国王或大臣家中,常有八份极精美的分饭恒常施与。比丘们将其作为各别食,按各自的固定分受用。有些比丘心想“明天该轮到我们了”,记着自己的固定分便离开了。在他们尚未回来时,有其他客比丘到来,坐在集会堂中。就在那时,国王的人来了,说:“请交出精美饭钵。”客比丘不知固定分,便交出了。恰在此时,知道固定分的比丘们回来了,问:“你们交了什么?”答:“王家的精美饭食。”问:“从多少年起?”答:“从某某年起。”便阻止说:“不要交!”应按固定分取用。若已交出,即使在取钵时回来,在给钵时回来,在已给时回来,在从王家装满钵带回来时回来,乃至国王派人说“今天让比丘们亲自来”,并将食物直接放到比丘们手中,这样给的食物被取回来时,知道固定分的比丘们也应阻止说“不要吃”,仍应按固定分取用。
Ekā kūṭaṭṭhitikā nāma hoti. Rañño vā hi rājamahāmattassa vā gehe atipaṇītāni aṭṭha uddesabhattāni niccaṃ diyyanti, tāni ekacārikabhattāni katvā bhikkhū visuṃ ṭhitikāya paribhuñjanti. Ekacce bhikkhū ‘‘sve dāni amhākaṃ pāpuṇissantī’’ti attano ṭhitikaṃ sallakkhetvā gatā, tesu anāgatesuyeva aññe āgantukā bhikkhū āgantvā āsanasālāya nisīdanti; taṅkhaṇaññeva rājapurisā āgantvā ‘‘paṇītabhattapatte dethā’’ti vadanti. Āgantukā ṭhitikaṃ ajānantā gāhenti. Taṅkhaṇaññeva ca ṭhitikaṃ jānanakabhikkhū āgantvā ‘‘kiṃ gāhethā’’ti vadanti. ‘‘Rājagehe paṇītabhatta’’nti. ‘‘Kativassato paṭṭhāyā’’ti? ‘‘Ettakavassato nāmā’’ti. ‘‘Mā gāhethā’’ti nivāretvā ṭhitikāya gāhetabbaṃ. Gāhite āgatehipi pattadānakāle āgatehipi dinnakāle āgatehipi rājagehato patte pūretvā āhaṭakāle āgatehipi rājā ‘‘ajja bhikkhūyeva āgacchantū’’ti pesetvā bhikkhūnaṃyeva hatthe piṇḍapātaṃ deti; evaṃ dinnapiṇḍapātaṃ gahetvā āgatakāle āgatehipi ṭhitikaṃ jānanakabhikkhūhi ‘‘mā bhuñjitthā’’ti vāretvā ṭhitikāyameva gāhetabbaṃ.
126若国王宴请他们后,又将他们的钵装满给予,所带回的应按固定分取用。但如果只是放了一点点,心想“别让他们空手回去”,则不应按固定分取用。若他们吃完后空钵而回,大善见长老说,他们所吃的就成了他们的负担。但大莲华长老说:“这里没有负担的问题。只是不知道固定分的人,在知道的人到来之前,应该先坐着等候。即便如此,吃已经吃了,现在应按钵位来取用。”
Atha ne rājā bhojetvā pattepi nesaṃ pūretvā deti, yaṃ āhaṭaṃ taṃ ṭhitikāya gāhetabbaṃ. Sace pana ‘‘mā tucchahatthā gacchantū’’ti thokameva pattesu pakkhittaṃ hoti, taṃ na gāhetabbaṃ. Atha bhuñjitvā tucchapattāva āgacchanti, yaṃ tehi bhuttaṃ, taṃ nesaṃ gīvā hotīti mahāsumatthero āha. Mahāpadumatthero panāha – ‘‘gīvākiccaṃ ettha natthi, ṭhitikaṃ pana ajānantehi yāva jānanakā āgacchanti, tāva nisīditabbaṃ siyā; evaṃ santepi bhuttaṃ subhuttaṃ, idāni pattaṭṭhānena gāhetabba’’nti.
127有一位三衣具足的比丘,有一份价值百钱的施食,是属于前安居比丘的钵食。寺院中记载并存放着“这样的施食属于前安居比丘”。六十年后,又出现了另一份类似的施食。这份是按前安居固定分取用,还是按六十年固定分取用?答:按六十年固定分取用。因为这位比丘是依固定分而成长起来的。
Eko ticīvaraparivāro satagghanako piṇḍapāto avassikassa bhikkhuno patto, vihāre ca ‘‘evarūpo piṇḍapāto avassikassa patto’’ti likhitvā ṭhapesuṃ. Atha saṭṭhivassaccayena añño tathārūpo piṇḍapāto uppanno, ayaṃ kiṃ avassikaṭṭhitikāya gāhetabbo, udāhu saṭṭhivassikaṭṭhitikāyāti. Saṭṭhivassikaṭṭhitikāyāti vuttaṃ, ayañhi bhikkhu ṭhitikaṃ gahetvāyeva vaḍḍhitoti.
128有一人受用分饭后成为沙弥,此后那份饭食可按沙弥固定分取得钵食。这称为中间失落者。若一位戒腊圆满的沙弥心想“明天将得到分饭”,便于当天受具足戒,他的固定分便错过了。有一位比丘得到分饭钵,他的钵不是空的,他让坐在旁边的另一人取钵。若那人以盗心拿走,则成负担。若那位比丘自己说“我把我的钵给你”,亲自给予,则没有负担。若他对那饭食无所需,说:“我够了,我把这饭给你,派人拿钵去取吧。”从那里取来的一切,都归钵的主人所有。若钵被以盗心拿走,是善取;因为饭已给出,故无负担。
Eko uddesabhattaṃ bhuñjitvā sāmaṇero jāto, puna taṃ bhattaṃ sāmaṇeraṭṭhitikāya pattaṃ gaṇhituṃ labhati. Ayaṃ kira antarābhaṭṭhako nāma. Yo pana paripuṇṇavasso sāmaṇero ‘‘sve uddesabhattaṃ labhissatī’’ti ajjeva upasampajjati, atikkantā tassa ṭhitikā. Ekassa bhikkhuno uddesabhattaṃ pattaṃ, patto cassa na tuccho hoti, so aññassa samīpe nisinnassa pattaṃ dāpeti, tañce theyyāya haranti, gīvā hoti . Sace pana so bhikkhu ‘‘mayhaṃ pattaṃ dammī’’ti sayameva deti, assa gīvā na hoti. Athāpi tena bhattena anatthiko hutvā ‘‘alaṃ mayhaṃ, tavetaṃ bhattaṃ dammi, pattaṃ pesetvā āharāpehī’’ti aññaṃ vadati, yaṃ tato āharīyati sabbaṃ pattasāmikassa hoti. Pattañce theyyāya haranti, suhaṭo; bhattassa dinnattā gīvā na hoti.
129寺院中有十位比丘,其中九位是乞食者,一位是接受者。当有人说“给十个分饭钵”时,乞食者们不愿取。另一位比丘心想“全都归我”,便取了,这不成为固定分。若他逐一分配后取用,固定分则成立。这样取后,用十个钵带回,说:“尊者,请照顾我。”将九个钵给乞食者们,这称为比丘施,可以取用。
Vihāre dasa bhikkhū honti, tesu nava piṇḍapātikā, eko sādiyanako. ‘‘Dasa uddesapatte dethā’’ti vutte piṇḍapātikā gahetuṃ na icchanti. Itaro bhikkhu ‘‘sabbāni mayhaṃ pāpuṇantī’’ti gaṇhāti, ṭhitikā na hoti. Ekekaṃ ce pāpetvā gaṇhāti, ṭhitikā tiṭṭhati. Evaṃ gāhetvā dasahipi pattehi āharāpetvā ‘‘bhante, mayhaṃ saṅgahaṃ karothā’’ti nava patte piṇḍapātikānaṃ deti, bhikkhudattiyaṃ nāmetaṃ, gaṇhituṃ vaṭṭati.
130若那位优婆塞说:“尊者,请到家里来。”那位比丘便对其他比丘说:“来吧,尊者,做我的同伴。”一起去他家。在那里所得的一切,都归那位比丘所有。其他人得到由他给予的。若在他们家中让众人坐下,供养净水后,给予粥、硬食等,说:“尊者,人们给什么,你们就拿什么。”依那位比丘的话,其他人也可以取用。食毕,将钵装满,交给他们带走,这一切都归那位比丘所有,由他给予其他人的,则可以取用。
Sace so upāsako ‘‘bhante, gharaṃ āgantabba’’nti vadati, so ca bhikkhu te bhikkhū ‘‘etha, bhante, mayhaṃ sahāyā hothā’’ti tassa gharaṃ gacchati. Yaṃ tattha labhati, sabbaṃ tasseva hoti. Itare tena dinnaṃ labhanti. Atha nesaṃ ghareyeva nisīdāpetvā dakkhiṇodakaṃ datvā yāgukhajjakādīni denti, ‘‘bhante, yaṃ manussā denti, taṃ gaṇhathā’’ti tassa bhikkhuno vacaneneva itaresaṃ vaṭṭati. Bhuttāvīnaṃ patte pūretvā gaṇhitvā gamanatthāya denti, sabbaṃ tasseva bhikkhuno hoti, tena dinnaṃ itaresaṃ vaṭṭati.
131然而,如果那些比丘在寺院里被那位比丘告知:“尊者,请接受我的施食,也应听从居士们的话”而前往,那么在那里所吃的和带走的,全部属于那位比丘所有。或者,如果未被说“请接受我的施食”,而是因“应听从居士们的话”而前往,在那里若听到一位比丘以悦耳音声作随喜,并对长老们的寂静生起净信而布施许多沙门资具,这称为因对长老们的净信而生起的“非分得物”,因此应归于全体比丘。
Yadi pana te vihāreyeva tena bhikkhunā ‘‘bhante, mayhaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhatha, manussānañca vacanaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vuttā gacchanti, yaṃ tattha bhuñjanti ceva nīharanti ca, sabbaṃ taṃ tasseva santakaṃ. Athāpi ‘‘mayhaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti avuttā ‘‘manussānaṃ vacanaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti gacchanti, tatra ce ekassa madhurena sarena anumodanaṃ karontassa sutvā therānañca upasame pasīditvā bahuṃ samaṇaparikkhāraṃ denti, ayaṃ theresu pasādena uppanno ‘‘akatabhāgo’’ nāma, tasmā sabbesaṃ pāpuṇāti.
132有一人从僧团中指定后,取走按常规定规所持的钵,盛满精美的嚼食和啖食后带回,说:“尊者,愿全体僧团享用此食”,则应由所有人分配后享用。但应除去钵主超过常规定规的部分,另给一份指定食。如果他说:“请先给所有僧团的钵”,则应给一位有惭比丘所属的钵。带回后若说“愿全体僧团享用”,则应分配后享用。
Eko saṅghato uddisāpetvā ṭhitikāya gāhitaṃ pattaṃ haritvā paṇītassa khādanīyabhojanīyassa pūretvā āharitvā ‘‘imaṃ, bhante, sabbo saṅgho paribhuñjatū’’ti deti, sabbehi bhājetvā paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Pattasāmikassa pana atikkantampi ṭhitikaṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ uddesabhattaṃ dātabbaṃ. Atha ‘‘paṭhamaṃyeva sabbaṃ saṅghikaṃ pattaṃ dethā’’ti vadati, ekassa lajjibhikkhuno santako patto dātabbo. Āharitvā ca ‘‘sabbo saṅgho paribhuñjatū’’ti vutte bhājetvā paribhuñjitabbaṃ.
133有一人用钵带来食物后说:“我供养给僧团指定处”,不应逐一给一口食,而应按常规定规作成一人的维生分量后给予。如果他带来食物后,不知该说什么而默然坐着,不应说:“你为谁带来,想给谁?”因为若遇好问者,他可能会说:“为你们带来,想给你们”,于是其他比丘会厌恶那位比丘,甚至扭转脖子都不屑看他一眼。但如果被问:“你去哪里,在做什么游荡?”他答:“我取了指定食回来”,则应由一位有惭比丘按常规定规持取。如果带来的食物很多,足够所有人,则无需常规定规,应从长老座开始盛满钵给予。
Eko pātiyā bhattaṃ āharitvā ‘‘saṅghuddesaṃ dammī’’ti vadati, ekekaṃ ālopaṃ adatvā ṭhitikāya ekassa yāpanamattaṃ katvā dātabbaṃ. Atha so bhattaṃ āharitvā kiñci vattuṃ ajānanto tuṇhībhūto acchati, ‘‘kassa te ānītaṃ, kassa dātukāmosī’’ti na vattabbaṃ. Pucchāsabhāgena hi ‘‘tumhākaṃ ānītaṃ, tumhākaṃ dātukāmomhī’’ti vadeyya, tato taṃ bhikkhuṃ aññe bhikkhū jigucchantā gīvaṃ parivattetvā oloketabbampi na maññeyyuṃ. Sace pana ‘‘kuhiṃ yāsi, kiṃ karonto āhiṇḍasī’’ti vutte ‘‘uddesabhattaṃ gahetvā āgatomhī’’ti vadati, ekena lajjibhikkhunā ṭhitikāya gāhetabbaṃ. Sace ābhataṃ bahu hoti, sabbesaṃ pahoti, ṭhitikākiccaṃ natthi, therāsanato paṭṭhāya pattaṃ pūretvā dātabbaṃ.
134当有人说“请给僧团指定处的钵”时,不应问“你要带什么回来”,而应仅按通常的常规定规持取。然而,对于经常获得的乳粥或味食团等,应为这类精美食物制定单独的常规定规;同样,对于带佐料的粥、贵重的果子和精美的嚼食也应如此。对于通常的食物、粥、果子和嚼食,则应制定一个共同的常规定规。若说“我要带酥油回来”,则所有酥油适用一个共同的常规定规,所有油类也是如此。若说“我要带蜜回来”,则蜜适用一个共同的常规定规,糖蜜、粗糖蜜等药物也是如此。但如果有人供养香花鬘给僧团指定处,是否适用于乞食比丘?有人说适用,有人说不适用。因为仅遮止了物质食,所以适用;但因为是以僧团为对象供养的,所以不应取用。
‘‘Saṅghuddesapattaṃ dethā’’ti vutte ‘‘kiṃ āharissasī’’ti avatvā pakatiṭṭhitikāya eva gāhetabbaṃ. Yo pana pāyāso vā rasapiṇḍapāto vā niccaṃ labbhati; evarūpānaṃ paṇītabhojanānaṃ āveṇikā ṭhitikā kātabbā, tathā saparivārāya yāguyā mahagghānaṃ phalānaṃ paṇītānañca khajjakānaṃ. Pakatibhattayāguphalakhajjakānaṃ pana ekāva ṭhitikā kātabbā. ‘‘Sappiṃ āharissāmī’’ti vutte sabbasappīnaṃ ekāva ṭhitikā vaṭṭati, tathā sabbatelānaṃ. ‘‘Madhuṃ āharissāmī’’ti vutte pana madhuno ekāva ṭhitikā vaṭṭati, tathā phāṇitassa laṭṭhimadhukādīnañca bhesajjānaṃ. Sace pana gandhamālaṃ saṅghuddesaṃ denti, piṇḍapātikassa vaṭṭati, na vaṭṭatīti. Āmisasseva paṭikkhittattā vaṭṭati, saṅghaṃ uddissa dinnattā pana na gahetabbanti vadanti.
153关于指定食的论述已结束。
Uddesabhattakathā niṭṭhitā.
154关于邀请食的论述
Nimantanabhattakathā
135若是个人邀请,则自己即是主宰者。若是僧团邀请,则应如指定食中所说的方法持取。如果此处的使者聪明,不说“尊者,请接受在王舍城为比丘僧团的施食”,而说“请接受施食”,则也适用于乞食比丘。如果使者不聪明而说“请接受施食”,施食分配者聪明,不说“施食”而说“尊者,你们去吧”,这样也适用于乞食比丘。但如果按你们的次第说“施食轮到你了”,则不适用。如果前来邀请的人进入食堂说“请给八位比丘”或“请给八个钵”,这样也适用于乞食比丘,应说“你们几位和你们几位去吧”。但如果他说“请给八位比丘,接受施食;请给八个钵,接受施食”,则应按次第持取。持取者在分配时若不打断而说“施食”,而说“你们几位和你们几位去吧”,则适用于乞食比丘。但如果被说“尊者,请给你们的钵,你们来吧”,则应说“好的,居士”而前往。即使从僧团中指定后说“你们来吧”,也应按常规定规持取。
Nimantanaṃ puggalikañce, sayameva issaro. Saṅghikaṃ pana uddesabhatte vuttanayeneva gāhetabbaṃ. Sace panettha dūto byatto hoti, ‘‘bhante , rājagehe bhikkhusaṅghassa bhattaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti avatvā ‘‘bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti vadati, piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭati. Atha dūto abyatto ‘‘bhattaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti vadati, bhattuddesako byatto ‘‘bhatta’’nti avatvā ‘‘bhante, tumhe yāthā’’ti vadati; evampi piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭati. Tumhākaṃ paṭipāṭiyā ‘‘bhattaṃ pāpuṇātī’’ti vutte pana na vaṭṭati. Sace nimantetuṃ āgatamanusso āsanasālaṃ pavisitvā ‘‘aṭṭha bhikkhū dethā’’ti vā ‘‘aṭṭha patte dethā’’ti vā vadati; evampi piṇḍapātikānaṃ vaṭṭati, ‘‘tumhe ca tumhe ca gacchathā’’ti vattabbaṃ. Sace pana ‘‘aṭṭha bhikkhū detha; bhattaṃ gaṇhatha, aṭṭha patte detha; bhattaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti vadati, paṭipāṭiyā gāhetabbaṃ. Gāhentena pana vicchinditvā ‘‘bhatta’’nti avadantena ‘‘tumhe ca tumhe ca gacchathā’’ti vutte piṇḍapātikānaṃ vaṭṭati. ‘‘Bhante, tumhākaṃ pattaṃ detha, tumhe ethā’’ti vutte pana ‘‘sādhu, upāsakā’’ti gantabbaṃ. Saṅghato uddisitvā ‘‘tumhe ethā’’ti vuttepi yathāṭhitikāya gāhetabbaṃ.
136对于从邀请食家为取钵而来的人,应如指定食中所说的方法,按常规定规给钵。有一人不说“从僧团按次第取钵”,而只说“请给一个钵”,在尚未持取钵时,拿了任何人的钵盛满后带回,这属于钵主所有,不应如指定食那样按常规定规持取。在此处,若有人来后默然站着,也不应对他说“你从谁那里来”或“你要带谁的钵去”。
Nimantanabhattagharato pana pattatthāya āgatassa uddesabhatte vuttanayeneva ṭhitikāya patto dātabbo. Eko ‘‘saṅghato paṭipāṭiyā patta’’nti avatvā kevalaṃ ‘‘ekaṃ pattaṃ dethā’’ti vatvā agāhiteyeva patte yassa kassaci pattaṃ gahetvā pūretvā āharati, taṃ pattasāmikasseva hoti, uddesabhatte viya ṭhitikāya na gāhetabbaṃ. Idhāpi yo āgantvā tuṇhībhūto tiṭṭhati, so ‘‘kassa santikaṃ āgatosī’’ti vā ‘‘kassa pattaṃ harissasī’’ti vā na vattabbo.
137因为若遇好问者,他可能会说:“我从你们这里来,要带你们的钵去”,于是那位比丘会被比丘们厌恶。但如果被问:“你去哪里,在做什么游荡?”他答:“我为取他的钵而来”,则应按次第由施食常规定规持取后给钵。即使被说“请给取食钵”,也应按次第仅由施食常规定规给予。如果带回后说“愿全体僧团享用”,则应分配后享用。应除去钵主超过常规定规的部分,另给一份次第食。
Pucchāsabhāgena hi ‘‘tumhākaṃ santikaṃ āgato, tumhākaṃ pattaṃ harissāmī’’ti vadeyya, tato so bhikkhu bhikkhūhi jigucchanīyo assa. ‘‘Kuhiṃ gacchasi, kiṃ karonto āhiṇḍasī’’ti pana vutte ‘‘tassa pattatthāya āgatomhī’’ti vadantassa paṭipāṭiyā bhattaṭṭhitikāya gāhetvā patto dātabbo. ‘‘Bhattāharaṇakapattaṃ dethā’’ti vuttepi paṭipāṭiyā bhattaṭṭhitikāya eva dātabbo. Sace āharitvā ‘‘sabbo saṅgho bhuñjatū’’ti vadati, bhājetvā bhuñjitabbaṃ. Pattasāmikassa atikkantampi ṭhitikaṃ ṭhapetvā aññaṃ paṭipāṭibhattaṃ gāhetabbaṃ.
138有人用钵盛了饭食带来,说‘我施给僧团’,从按钵食规开始,应按钵数分配。如果他默然坐着,不应问他‘你这饭是带给谁的?想给谁?’。但如果被问‘你去哪里?在做什么?’时,他说‘我这饭是带给僧团的’、‘我这饭是带给长老们的’,则应取来按钵食规分配。如果这样带来的饭很多,足够全体僧团,这称为‘已持来食’,即使对常行乞食者也适用,无需再问规约,从长老座开始,将钵盛满分发即可。
Eko pātiyā bhattaṃ āharitvā ‘‘saṅghassa dammī’’ti vadati, ālopabhattaṭṭhitikato paṭṭhāya ālopasaṅkhepena bhājetabbaṃ. Sace pana tuṇhībhūto acchati, ‘‘kassa te ābhataṃ, kassa dātukāmosī’’ti na vattabbo. Sace pana ‘‘kuhiṃ gacchasi, kiṃ karonto āhiṇḍasī’’ti vutte ‘‘saṅghassa me bhattaṃ ābhataṃ, therānaṃ me bhattaṃ ābhata’’nti vadati, gahetvā ālopabhattaṭṭhitikāya bhājetabbaṃ. Sace pana evaṃ ābhataṃ bahuṃ hoti, sakalassa saṅghassa bahu hoti, abhihaṭabhikkhā nāma piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭati, ṭhitikāpucchanakiccaṃ natthi, therāsanato paṭṭhāya pattaṃ pūretvā dātabbaṃ.
139优婆塞派人去请僧团长老、或因持经头陀行而知名者、或分食者,说‘请带八位比丘来取我们的饭食’。即使是由亲戚侍者所派遣,这三类人也不得询问,直接依循惯例,从僧团中指定八位比丘,连同自己共九人前往。为什么?因为这些比丘是僧团因此得利之缘。然而,非因经卷头陀行等而知名、住在寺内的比丘则可以询问,因此他应依循惯例问‘我是从僧团中带人,还是带我所认识的人同去?’,然后按施主所说而行。若对方说‘带你们所依止的或你们所认识的人来’,则可带所愿者同去。若派人来说‘请派八位比丘’,则应由僧团派出。若自己能在其他村庄获得食物,则应去其他村庄;若不能获得,则应进入该村乞食。
Upāsako saṅghattherassa vā ganthadhutaṅgavasena abhiññātassa vā bhattuddesakassa vā pahiṇāti ‘‘amhākaṃ bhattagahaṇatthāya aṭṭha bhikkhū gahetvā āgacchathā’’ti, sacepi ñātiupaṭṭhākehi pesitaṃ hoti, ime tayo janā pucchituṃ na labhanti, āruḷhāyeva mātikaṃ, saṅghato aṭṭha bhikkhū uddisāpetvā attanavamehi gantabbaṃ. Kasmā? Bhikkhusaṅghassa hi ete bhikkhū nissāya lābho uppajjatīti. Ganthadhutaṅgādīhi pana anabhiññāto āvāsikabhikkhu pucchituṃ labhati, tasmā tena ‘‘kiṃ saṅghato gaṇhāmi, udāhu ye jānāmi, tehi saddhiṃ āgacchāmī’’ti mātikaṃ āropetvā yathā dāyakā vadanti, tathā paṭipajjitabbaṃ. ‘‘Tumhākaṃ nissitake vā ye vā jānātha, te gahetvā ethā’’ti vutte pana ye icchanti, tehi saddhiṃ gantuṃ labhati. Sace ‘‘aṭṭha bhikkhū pahiṇathā’’ti pesenti, saṅghatova pesetabbā. Attanā sace aññasmiṃ gāme sakkā hoti bhikkhā labhituṃ, añño gāmo gantabbo. Na sakkā ce hoti labhituṃ, soyeva gāmo piṇḍāya pavisitabbo.
140受邀比丘们坐在斋堂里,若有人过来说‘把钵拿来’,未受邀者不应交出钵。应说‘这些是受邀比丘’。若对方说‘你们也把钵拿来’,则可以交出。在节庆等场合,人们会亲自前往僧房和精舍,连同三藏法师和说法师,甚至与上百位比丘一同邀请。那时,即使带自己所认识的人去也可以。为什么?因为需要大比丘僧团的人们不会去僧房和精舍,而是从集会处尽其所能、尽其力量地带比丘去。
Nimantitabhikkhū āsanasālāya nisinnā honti, tatra ce manussā ‘‘patte dethā’’ti āgacchanti, animantitehi na dātabbā. ‘‘Ete nimantitabhikkhū’’ti vattabbaṃ. ‘‘Tumhepi dethā’’ti vutte pana dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Ussavādīsu manussā sayameva pariveṇāni ca padhānagharāni ca gantvā tipiṭake ca dhammakathike ca bhikkhusatenapi saddhiṃ nimantenti. Tadā yepi jānanti, te gahetvā gantuṃ vaṭṭati. Kasmā? Na hi mahābhikkhusaṅghena atthikā manussā pariveṇāni ca padhānagharāni gacchanti, sannipātaṭṭhānatova yathāsatti yathābalaṃ bhikkhū gaṇhitvā gacchantīti.
141若僧团长老、或因持经头陀行而知名者、或分食者,在其他地方度过雨安居后,去了某处又回到自己的住处,而人们对来客表示恭敬,第一次可带自己所认识的人去。但从有固定关联之时起,第二次开始时,就必须从僧团中带人去。若作为新来者,说‘我要去看亲戚或侍者’而去,在那里他们的亲戚和侍者表示恭敬,此时可带自己所认识的人去。
Sace pana saṅghatthero vā ganthadhutaṅgavasena abhiññātako vā bhattuddesako vā aññatra vā vassaṃ vasitvā katthaci vā gantvā puna sakaṭṭhānaṃ āgacchanti, manussā ca āgantukassa sakkāraṃ karonti, ekavāraṃ ye jānanti, te gahetvā gantabbaṃ. Paṭibaddhakālato pana paṭṭhāya dutiyavāre āraddhe saṅghatoyeva gahetvā gantabbaṃ. Abhinavaāgantukāva hutvā ñātī vā upaṭṭhāke vā passissāmāti gacchanti, tatra tesaṃ ñātī ca upaṭṭhākā ca sakkāraṃ karonti. Ettha pana ye jānanti, te gahetvā gantuṃ vaṭṭati.
142若有人得利极多,自己住处和来访处情况相同,各处人们都准备好僧团食而坐等,他必须从僧团中带人去,这是邀请中的特殊情况。其余一切问题,应依指定食中所说的方法了知。在《库伦达》中则说:‘若说“请给八位大长老”,就应给八位大长老。’中长老等亦同此理。若不加区别地说‘请给八位比丘’,则应由僧团中给出。
Yo pana atilābhī hoti, sakaṭṭhānañca āgantukaṭṭhānañca ekasadisaṃ, sabbattha manussā saṅghabhattaṃ sajjetvāva nisīdanti, tena saṅghatova gahetvā gantabbanti ayaṃ nimantane viseso. Avaseso sabbapañho uddesabhatte vuttanayeneva veditabbo. Kurundiyaṃ pana ‘‘aṭṭha mahāthere dethā’’ti vutte ‘‘aṭṭha mahātherāva dātabbā’’ti vuttaṃ. Esa nayo majjhimādīsu. Sace pana avisesetvā ‘‘aṭṭha bhikkhū dethā’’ti vadati, saṅghato dātabbā.
163关于邀请食的论述已结束。
Nimantanabhattakathā niṭṭhitā.
164关于筹签食的论述
Salākabhattakathā
143在筹签食中,依‘诸比丘,允许用筹或签,系上标记后混合分发’之语,应以木心所制的筹,或以竹、藤、叶等所制的签,系上‘某甲筹签食’等字样,放入篮中或衣角中,将所有筹签混合,反复上下搅动,由具足五法的分食者,若有规约,从规约开始;若无规约,从长老座开始分发筹签。对后来者,以及因同一批次而在远处站立者,亦应依指定食中所说的方法分发。
Salākabhatte pana ‘‘anujānāmi, bhikkhave, salākāya vā paṭṭikāya vā upanibandhitvā opuñjitvā uddisitu’’nti vacanato rukkhasāramayāya salākāya vā veḷuvilīvatālapaṇṇādimayāya paṭṭikāya vā ‘‘asukassa nāma salākabhatta’’nti evaṃ akkharāni upanibandhitvā pacchiyaṃ vā cīvarabhoge vā katvā sabbā salākāyo opuñjitvā punappunaṃ heṭṭhuparivaseneva āloḷetvā pañcaṅgasamannāgatena bhattuddesakena sace ṭhitikā atthi, ṭhitikato paṭṭhāya; no ce atthi, therāsanato paṭṭhāya salākā dātabbā. Pacchā āgatānampi ekābaddhavasena dūre ṭhitānampi uddesabhatte vuttanayeneva dātabbā.
144若寺院周围有许多乞食村,但比丘不多,筹签也可按村分配,应说‘你们在某村得到筹签食’,即按村分发。这样分发时,即使每个村有各种六十份筹签食,也全都被领取了,在他所分到的村附近,若还有其他两三份筹签食,那些也应给他。因为不能为了那些而派遣其他比丘。
Sace vihārassa samantato bahū gocaragāmā, bhikkhū pana na bahukā, gāmavasenapi salākāyo pāpuṇanti, ‘‘tumhākaṃ asukagāme salākabhattaṃ pāpuṇātī’’ti gāmavaseneva gāhetabbā. Evaṃ gāhentena sacepi ekekasmiṃ gāme nānappakārāni saṭṭhisalākabhattāni, sabbāni gāhitāneva honti, tassa pattagāmasamīpe aññānipi dve tīṇi salākabhattāni honti, tānipi tasseva dātabbāni. Na hi sakkā tesaṃ kāraṇā aññaṃ bhikkhuṃ pahiṇitunti.
145若在某些村庄,注意到有许多筹签食,应分给七位或八位比丘。分发时,应将四五份食的筹签绑在一起分发。若越过该村有另一村,其中只有一份筹签食,而那份又是清晨就给的,也应通过压制这些比丘中的一位,给他后说‘你清晨取了这份,之后再去前村取其他饭食’。若在前村的筹签食尚未领取时,他以为已领而离去,则应先去后村领筹签食,再回寺院,然后领其他筹签,再去前村。‘因为界外不得领取僧团利养’——这是《库伦达》中所说的方法。
Sace ekaccesu gāmesu bahūni salākabhattāni sallakkhetvā sattannampi aṭṭhannampi bhikkhūnaṃ dātabbāni. Dadantena pana catunnaṃ pañcannaṃ bhattānaṃ salākāyo ekato bandhitvā dātabbā. Sace taṃ gāmaṃ atikkamitvā añño gāmo hoti, tasmiñca ekameva salākabhattaṃ, taṃ pana pātova denti, tampi etesu bhikkhūsu ekassa niggahena datvā ‘‘pātova taṃ gahetvā pacchā orimagāme itarāni bhattāni gaṇhāhī’’ti vattabbo. Sace orimagāme salākabhattesu agāhitesveva gāhitasaññāya gacchati, parabhāgagāme salākabhattaṃ gāhetvā puna vihāraṃ āgantvā itarāni gāhetvā orimagāmo gantabbo. ‘‘Na hi bahisīmāya saṅghalābho gāhetuṃ labbhatī’’ti ayaṃ nayo kurundiyaṃ vutto.
146然而,如果比丘众多,按村分配筹签不够分,则应依街道、或街道中的一户、或依家族来分发。在街道等处,哪里的供食多,就应按村中所说的方法分给众多比丘。若无筹签,也可通过指定来分发。
Sace pana bhikkhū bahū honti, gāmavasena salākā na pāpuṇanti, vīthivasena vā vīthiyaṃ ekagehavasena vā kulavasena vā gāhetabbā. Vīthiādīsu ca yattha bahūni bhattāni, tattha gāme vuttanayeneva bahūnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ gāhetabbāni. Salākāsu asati uddisitvāpi gāhetabbāni.
147然而,发筹者应知义务。他应于清晨即起,持衣钵前往食堂,清扫未扫之处,备好饮用水与洗用水,估量时间后想:“现在比丘们应已做完义务”,然后敲钟。比丘们聚集后,首先应分发轮值村的筹食,并告知:“你在名为某处的轮值村得到筹签,应去那里。”
Salākadāyakena pana vattaṃ jānitabbaṃ. Tena hi kālasseva vuṭṭhāya pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā bhojanasālaṃ gantvā asammaṭṭhaṭṭhānaṃ sammajjitvā pānīyaṃ paribhojanīyaṃ upaṭṭhāpetvā ‘‘idāni bhikkhūhi vattaṃ kataṃ bhavissatī’’ti kālaṃ sallakkhetvā ghaṇṭiṃ paharitvā bhikkhūsu sannipatitesu paṭhamameva vāragāme salākabhattaṃ gāhetabbaṃ. ‘‘Tuyhaṃ asukasmiṃ nāma vāragāme salākā pāpuṇāti tatra gacchā’’ti vattabbaṃ.
148如果村子距离超过一伽浮他,当天前往会疲惫,则应于前一天分发,告知:“明天你在轮值村得到筹签。”若被派往轮值村而不去,却求其他筹签,则不应给予。因为这会令具信者福德减损,僧团利养断绝。因此,第二天、第三天也不应给他其他筹签,而应说:“去你自己应得之处用餐。”若三天仍不去,则应从他轮值村的前一个轮值村给他筹签。若他不接受,从此以后不应再给他其他筹签,而应施以严厉的惩罚,不得少于六十或五十下。分发完轮值村筹后,应分发寺院轮值筹,告知:“你得到寺院轮值筹。”寺院轮值者应给予两三次粥筹和三四次食筹,但不应固定给予。因为粥食施主可能会想:“我们的粥食只有寺院守护者在吃”,从而心生变异,所以应在其他家族中给予。
Sace atirekagāvute gāmo hoti, taṃ divasaṃ gacchantā kilamanti, ‘‘sve tuyhaṃ vāragāme pāpuṇātī’’ti ajjeva gāhetabbaṃ. Yo vāragāmaṃ pesiyamāno na gacchati, aññaṃ salākaṃ maggati, na dātabbā. Saddhānañhi manussānaṃ puññahāni saṅghassa ca lābhacchedo hoti, tasmā tassa dutiyepi tatiyepi divase aññā salākā na dātabbā, ‘‘attano pattaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā bhuñjāhī’’ti vattabbo, tīṇi pana divasāni agacchantassa vāragāmato orimavāragāme salākā gāhetabbā. Tañce na gaṇhāti, tato paṭṭhāya tassa aññaṃ salākaṃ dātuṃ na vaṭṭati, daṇḍakammaṃ pana gāḷhaṃ kātabbaṃ, saṭṭhito vā paṇṇāsato vā na parihāpetabbaṃ. Vāragāme gāhetvā vihāravāro gāhetabbo, ‘‘tuyhaṃ vihāravāro pāpuṇātī’’ti vattabbaṃ. Vihāravārikassa dve tisso yāgusalākāyo tisso catasso vā bhattasalākāyo ca dātabbā, nibaddhaṃ katvā pana na dātabbā. Yāgubhattadāyakā hi ‘‘amhākaṃ yāgubhattaṃ vihāragopakāva bhuñjantī’’ti aññathattaṃ āpajjeyyuṃ, tasmā aññesu kulesu dātabbā.
149如果寺院轮值者的同分者取来给予,这很好;若不,则应分发轮值筹后,让人为他们取来粥食。这样,他们的筹签只是增长而已。但在雨安居结束时,在自己应得之处,他们仍可领取其他胜妙食筹。对于额外的剩余分配和一游食,应单独设立筹签来分发。
Sace vihāravārikānaṃ sabhāgā āharitvā denti, iccetaṃ kusalaṃ; no ce, vāraṃ gāhetvā tesaṃ yāgubhattaṃ āharāpetabbaṃ. Tāva nesaṃ salākā phātikammameva bhavanti, vassaggena pattaṭṭhāne pana aññampi paṇītabhattasalākaṃ gaṇhituṃ labhantiyeva. Atirekauttaribhaṅgassa ekacārikabhattassa visuṃ ṭhitikaṃ katvā salākā dātabbā.
150若有人得到筹签,当天却未得到那顿饭,则次日应再分发。若只得到饭,未得到剩余分配,也应再分发。乳饭筹的规则也是如此。然而,若只得到乳,未得到饭,则从得到乳开始,不应再分发。若两三次一游食都归于同一人,在饥馑时,由僧团新参学者得到时,应拆开单独分发。即使未得到平常筹食者,次日也应分发。
Sace yena salākā laddhā, so taṃdivasaṃ taṃ bhattaṃ na labhati, punadivase gāhetabbaṃ. Bhattameva labhati, na uttaribhaṅgaṃ; evampi puna gāhetabbaṃ. Khīrabhattassa salākāyapi eseva nayo. Sace pana khīrameva labhati, na bhattaṃ; khīralābhato paṭṭhāya puna na gāhetabbaṃ. Dve tīṇi ekacārikabhattāni ekasseva pāpuṇanti, dubbhikkhasamaye saṅghanavakena laddhakāle vijaṭetvā visuṃ gāhetabbāni, pākatikasalākabhattaṃ aladdhassāpi punadivase gāhetabbaṃ.
151若是小寺院,所有比丘共受用,分发甘蔗筹时,可交给任何在场者,并于白天削好后给予大长老等。分发调味筹时,可于食后过滤或制作糖浆,也应给予乞食者等。对于客比丘,应知其来去情况而分发;在大住处,应设立固定而分发。
Sace khuddako vihāro hoti, sabbe bhikkhū ekasambhogā, ucchusalākaṃ gāhentena yassa kassaci sammukhībhūtassa pāpetvā mahātherādīnaṃ divā tacchetvā dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Rasasalākaṃ pāpetvā pacchābhattaṃ parissāvetvā vā phāṇitaṃ vā kāretvā piṇḍapātikādīnampi dātabbaṃ . Āgantukānaṃ āgatānāgatabhāvaṃ ñatvā gāhetabbā, mahāāvāse ṭhitikaṃ katvā gāhetabbā.
152酪浆筹也可在共受用处交给、或煮后、或熏后给予长老们。在大住处,应如前说而行。果筹、饼筹、药筹、香花筹也应单独设立分发。在此,药等筹虽也适用于乞食者,但因以筹的形式分发,故不应受用。若仅施与最上比丘量的筹食,应问明固定后分发。若无固定,应从长老座开始分发。若此类食物众多,每位比丘应给两三份;若不,则每人给一份,按顺序轮完后,再从长老座开始给。若中途断绝,应记下固定。然而,若此种食物是常设的,得到者应被告知:“无论得与未得,你明天也应领取。”若有一种非常设的,在得到之日可随意取用,未得之日更多,则得到者未得时,应被告知:“你明天应领取。”
Takkasalākampi sabhāgaṭṭhāne pāpetvā vā pacāpetvā vā dhūmāpetvā vā therānaṃ dātuṃ vaṭṭati. Mahāāvāse vuttanayeneva paṭipajjitabbaṃ phalasalākapūvasalākabhesajjagandhamālasalākāyopi visuṃ ṭhitikāya gāhetabbā. Bhesajjādisalākāyo cettha kiñcāpi piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭanti, salākavasena gāhitattā pana na sāditabbā. Aggabhikkhāmattaṃ salākabhattaṃ denti, ṭhitikaṃ pucchitvā gāhetabbaṃ. Asatiyā ṭhitikāya therāsanato paṭṭhāya gāhetabbaṃ. Sace tādisāni bhattāni bahūni honti, ekekassa bhikkhuno dve tīṇi dātabbāni; no ce, ekekameva datvā paṭipāṭiyā gatāya puna therāsanato paṭṭhāya dātabbaṃ. Sace antarāva upacchijjati, ṭhitikā sallakkhetabbā. Yadi pana tādisaṃ bhattaṃ nibaddhameva hoti, yassa pāpuṇāti, so vattabbo ‘‘laddhā vā aladdhā vā svepi gaṇheyyāsī’’ti. Ekaṃ anibaddhaṃ hoti, labhanadivase pana yāvadatthaṃ labhati, alabhanadivasā bahutarā honti, taṃ yassa pāpuṇāti, so alabhitvā ‘‘sve gaṇheyyāsī’’ti vattabbo.
153若在筹签分发后才来者,其错过的筹签不应补发。所谓筹签,是从敲钟开始,前来伸手才得。即使他人来后站在附近,错过的就是错过了。然而,若有人代他领取,则本人虽未到也能得。在共受用处,若知某人未到,可放置说:“这是他的筹签。”若制定规约说“不应给未到者”,这是非法的。因为站在界内者,应得分配之物。然而,若他们大声喊“给未到者”,则应施以惩罚,并说:“让他们前来领取。”
Yo salākāsu gāhitāsu pacchā āgacchati, tassa atikkantāva salākā na upaṭṭhāpetvā dātabbā. Salākaṃ nāma ghaṇṭippaharaṇato paṭṭhāya āgantvā hatthaṃ pasārentova labhati. Aññassa āgantvā samīpe ṭhitassāpi atikkantā atikkantāva hoti. Sace panassa añño gaṇhanto atthi, sayaṃ anāgatopi labhati. Sabhāgaṭṭhāne asuko anāgatoti ñatvā ‘‘ayaṃ tassa salākā’’ti ṭhapetuṃ vaṭṭati. Sace ‘‘anāgatassa na dātabbā’’ti katikaṃ karonti, adhammikā hoti. Antoupacāre ṭhitassa hi bhājanīyabhaṇḍaṃ pāpuṇāti. Sace pana ‘‘anāgatassa dethā’’ti mahāsaddaṃ karonti, daṇḍakammaṃ ṭhapetabbaṃ, ‘‘āgantvā gaṇhantū’’ti vattabbaṃ.
154若遗失了五六根筹签,而分食者忘记了施主们的名字,他若将遗失的筹签归属给大长老或自己后,对比丘们说:‘我在某村将筹签食归属给我了,你们可以在那里享用所得的筹签食。’这是允许的。但若未在寺院归属,而在食堂得到该食物后,就在那里归属并食用,则不允许。若有人说:‘从今天起,请取用我的筹签食。’在食堂那里不可取用,应带回寺院后再取用。若说‘从明天起’,则应告知分食者:‘从明天起,某家将提供筹签食,请在取筹签时记着。’在饥荒时中断了筹签食,等到丰足时,施主们见到任何情况后说:‘从今天起,请取用我们的筹签食。’重新设立时,不可在村内取用,必须带回寺院后再取用。因为这就叫做‘筹签食’。它与指定食不同,是专为寺院而施的,因此不可在寺院外的近处取用。若说‘从明天起’,则必须在寺院内取用。
Chappañcasalākā naṭṭhā honti, bhattuddesako dāyakānaṃ nāmaṃ nassarati, so ce naṭṭhasalākā mahātherassa vā attano vā pāpetvā bhikkhū vadeyya, ‘‘mayā asukagāme salākabhattaṃ mayhaṃ pāpitaṃ, tumhe tattha laddhaṃ salākabhattaṃ bhuñjeyyāthā’’ti, vaṭṭati. Vihāre apāpitaṃ pana āsanasālāya taṃ bhattaṃ labhitvā tattheva pāpetvā bhuñjituṃ na vaṭṭati. ‘‘Ajja paṭṭhāya mayhaṃ salākabhattaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti vutte tatra āsanasālāya gāhetuṃ na vaṭṭati, vihāraṃ ānetvā gāhetabbaṃ. ‘‘Sve paṭṭhāyā’’ti vutte pana bhattuddesakassa ācikkhitabbaṃ ‘‘sve paṭṭhāya asukakulaṃ nāma salākabhattaṃ deti, salākaggāhaṇakāle sareyyāsī’’ti. Dubbhikkhe salākabhattaṃ pacchinditvā subhikkhe jāte kiñci disvā ‘‘ajja paṭṭhāya amhākaṃ salākabhattaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti puna paṭṭhapenti, antogāme agāhetvā vihāraṃ ānetvāva gāhetabbaṃ. Idañhi ‘‘salākabhattaṃ’’ nāma. Uddesabhattasadisaṃ na hoti, vihārameva sandhāya diyyati, tasmā bahiupacāre gāhetuṃ na vaṭṭati. ‘‘Sve paṭṭhāyā’’ti vutte pana vihāre gāhetabbameva.
155一位即将远行的比丘,若在他想去的地方,有他人得到的某村筹签,他可以取走该筹签,并对另一位比丘说:‘我所得的筹签,你取用吧。’然后离去,这是允许的。但那位比丘必须在未越过近处界之前,将筹签归属给他。
Gamiko bhikkhu yaṃ disābhāgaṃ gantukāmo, tattha aññena vāragāmasalākā laddhā hoti, taṃ gahetvā itaraṃ bhikkhuṃ ‘‘mayhaṃ pattasalākaṃ tvaṃ gaṇhāhī’’ti vatvā gantuṃ vaṭṭati. Tena pana upacārasīmaṃ anatikkanteyeva tasmiṃ tassa salākā gāhetabbā.
156在废弃的寺院里,人们修复了菩提树塔等后,为了让他们食用而设立筹签食,说:‘请享用吧。’比丘们住在自己的地方,于适时前往那里,履行义务后食用该食物,这是允许的。若在他们为了明天而将食物归属给自己后离去,有客比丘住在废弃寺院,于适时履行义务后,敲钟将筹签食归属给自己,然后前往食堂,那么他即是该食物的主人。然而,若有比丘在众比丘正在履行义务时,只在地上挥了两三下扫帚,就敲钟说‘在近村,筹签食归我了’而离去,他因以盗取的方式取得,故不能得到该食物;该食物只属于那些履行了义务、归属后、之后才离去的比丘。
Chaḍḍitavihāre manussā bodhicetiyādīni jaggitvā bhuñjantūti salākabhattaṃ paṭṭhapenti, bhikkhū sakaṭṭhānesu vasitvā kālasseva gantvā tattha vattaṃ karitvā taṃ bhattaṃ bhuñjanti, vaṭṭati. Sace tesu svātanāya attano pāpetvā gatesu āgantuko bhikkhu chaḍḍitavihāre vasitvā kālasseva vattaṃ katvā ghaṇṭiṃ paharitvā salākabhattaṃ attano pāpetvā āsanasālaṃ gacchati, sova tassa bhattassa issaro. Yo pana bhikkhūsu vattaṃ karontesuyeva bhūmiyaṃ dve tayo sammuñjanippahāre datvā ghaṇṭiṃ paharitvā ‘‘dhuragāme salākabhattaṃ mayhaṃ pāpuṇātī’’ti gacchati, tassa taṃ corikāya gahitattā na pāpuṇāti, vattaṃ katvā pāpetvā pacchā gatabhikkhūnaṃyeva hoti.
157有一个村庄非常遥远,比丘们不愿常去,人们说:‘我们因福德而被排除在外了。’那些在该村附近寺院里的同派比丘们,应被告知:‘在未来没有比丘来的日子里,你们享用吧。’然而,筹签必须每天归属。而且,仅仅敲钟或摇动篮子,并不算已归属。应拿起篮子,将筹签倒在凳子上,但不可抓住篮子的口沿。因为如果里面有蛇或蝎子,可能会造成伤害;因此,应抓住篮子下方,将篮口转向外侧,再倒出筹签,心想:‘即使有蛇,它也会从这里逃走。’如此倒出筹签后,应按先前所说的以村等为序的方式取用。再者,可将一份归属给大长老,然后说:‘其余的归我。’归属给自己后,履行义务,礼敬塔庙。当站在思惟台上的比丘们问:‘贤友,筹签已归属了吗?’应回答:‘是的,尊者,你们在各自所去的村庄取用筹签食吧。’这样归属,即是妥善的归属。
Eko gāmo atidūre hoti, bhikkhū niccaṃ gantuṃ na icchanti, manussā ‘‘mayaṃ puññena paribāhirā homā’’ti vadanti, ye tassa gāmassa āsannavihāre sabhāgabhikkhū, te vattabbā ‘‘imesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ anāgatadivase tumhe bhuñjathā’’ti. Salākā pana devasikaṃ pāpetabbā, tā ca kho pana ghaṇṭippaharaṇamattena vā pacchicālanamattena vā pāpitā na honti, pacchiṃ pana gahetvā salākā pīṭhake ākiritabbā, pacchi pana mukhavaṭṭiyaṃ na gahetabbā. Sace hi tattha ahi vā vicchiko vā bhaveyya, dukkhaṃ uppādeyya; tasmā heṭṭhā gahetvā pacchiṃ parammukhaṃ katvā salākā ākiritabbā ‘‘sacepi sappo bhavissati, ettova palāyissatī’’ti. Evaṃ salākā ākiritvā gāmādivasena pubbe vuttanayeneva gāhetabbā. Apica ekaṃ mahātherassa pāpetvā ‘‘avasesā mayhaṃ pāpuṇantī’’ti attano pāpetvā vattaṃ katvā cetiyaṃ vanditvā vitakkamāḷake ṭhitehi bhikkhūhi ‘‘pāpitā, āvuso, salākā’’ti vutte ‘‘āma, bhante, tumhe gatagatagāme salākabhattaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti vattabbaṃ; evaṃ pāpitāpi hi supāpitāva honti.
158比丘们为了整夜听法而前往另一寺院,心想:‘我们不在那里接受施食,只在我们自己的行乞村乞食后再回来。’于是没有取筹签就去了。在寺院里,他们来食用长老所得的筹签食,这是允许的。如果大长老也想:‘我在这里做什么呢?’便与他们一同前往。当他们未在前往的寺院食用,而到达自己的行乞村时,若说:‘尊者,请给我们钵,我们去取筹签粥等。’则不应给钵。若问:‘尊者,为何不给?’答:‘寺院所属的食物,属于住在该寺院的比丘,我们住在别的寺院。’若他们说:‘尊者,请给吧,我们不是以寺院守护者的身份给,而是给你们,请接受我们的乞食。’这样说时,则是允许的。
Bhikkhū sabbarattiṃ dhammasavanatthaṃ aññaṃ vihāraṃ gacchantā ‘‘mayaṃ tattha dānaṃ aggahetvāva amhākaṃ gocaragāmeva piṇḍāya caritvā āgamissāmā’’ti salākā aggahetvāva gatā, vihāre therassa pattasalākabhattaṃ bhuñjituṃ āgacchanti, vaṭṭati. Atha mahātheropi ‘‘ahaṃ idha kiṃ karomī’’ti tehiyeva saddhiṃ gacchati, tehi gatavihāre abhuñjitvāva gocaragāmaṃ anuppattehi ‘‘detha, bhante, patte salākayāguādīni āharissāmā’’ti vutte pattā na dātabbā. ‘‘Kasmā, bhante, na dethā’’ti ‘‘vihāraṭṭhakaṃ bhattaṃ vihāre vutthānaṃ pāpuṇāti, mayaṃ aññasmiṃ vihāre vutthā’’ti. ‘‘Detha, bhante, na mayaṃ vihāre pālikāya dema, tumhākaṃ dema, gaṇhatha amhākaṃ bhikkha’’nti vutte pana vaṭṭati.
181关于筹签食的论述已结束。
Salākabhattakathā niṭṭhitā.
182关于半月食等的论述
Pakkhikabhattādikathā
159在半月食等之中,凡是在特定的十四日、十五日、初五、初八这些半月日子里,为了令忙于事务者能作布萨、作为提醒而施的食物,称为半月食。它与筹签食的规则相同,应取用而食。如果筹签食和半月食都很多,足以分配给所有人,则两种食物应分别取用。如果比丘僧团很大,可先取半月食,然后依其存留情况取筹签食;或先令取筹签食,然后依其存留情况取半月食。那些得不到的,就去乞食。如果两种食物都很多,而比丘很少,因为筹签食是每天可得的,所以应搁置它,说:‘贤友们,请享用半月食。’只取用半月食。若半月食供养精美,应单独存留。若说‘明天是半月日’,则今天不应取用半月食。但如果施主们说:‘明天我们家会有粗劣的食物,今天就指定半月食吧。’这样是允许的。
Pakkhikādīsu pana yaṃ abhilakkhitesu cātuddasī pañcadasī pañcamī aṭṭhamīti imesu pakkhesu kammappasutehi uposathaṃ kātuṃ satikaraṇatthāya diyyati, taṃ pakkhikaṃ nāma. Taṃ salākabhattagatikameva hoti, gāhetvā bhuñjitabbaṃ. Sace salākabhattampi pakkhikabhattampi bahu sabbesaṃ vinivijjhitvā gacchati, dvepi bhattāni visuṃ visuṃ gāhetabbāni. Sace bhikkhusaṅgho mahā, pakkhikaṃ gāhetvā tassa ṭhitikāya salākabhattaṃ gāhetabbaṃ , salākabhattaṃ vā gāhāpetvā tassa ṭhitikāya pakkhikaṃ gāhetabbaṃ. Yesaṃ na pāpuṇāti, te piṇḍāya carissanti. Sace dvepi bhattāni bahūni, bhikkhū mandā; salākabhattaṃ nāma devasikaṃ labbhati, tasmā taṃ ṭhapetvā ‘‘pakkhikaṃ āvuso bhuñjathā’’ti pakkhikameva gāhetabbaṃ. Pakkhikaṃ paṇītaṃ denti, visuṃ ṭhitikā kātabbā. ‘‘Sve pakkho’’ti ajja pakkhikaṃ na gāhetabbaṃ. Sace pana dāyakā vadanti ‘‘sve amhākaṃ ghare lūkhabhattaṃ bhavissati, ajjeva pakkhikabhattaṃ uddisathā’’ti, evaṃ vaṭṭati.
160所谓布萨食,是指在每半月布萨日受持布萨支后,自己所食用的那份,即以此施与。所谓月曜日食,是指观察到‘布萨日时,众多具信净信者向比丘们作供养,而月曜日时比丘们却疲乏,在月曜日所施的如同在饥馑时布施一样有大果报,或者对因布萨业而戒清净者于次日布施有大果报’后,在月曜日所施的布施。这两种也都属于筹食一类。如此,这七种食对于常乞食者来说是不适宜的,它们会破坏头陀支。
Uposathikaṃ nāma anvaḍḍhamāse uposathaṅgāni samādiyitvā yaṃ attanā bhuñjati, tadeva diyyati. Pāṭipadikaṃ nāma ‘‘uposathe bahū saddhā pasannā bhikkhūnaṃ sakkāraṃ karonti, pāṭipade pana bhikkhū kilamanti, pāṭipade dinnaṃ dubbhikkhadānasadisaṃ mahapphalaṃ hoti, uposathakammena vā parisuddhasīlānaṃ dutiyadivase dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ hotī’’ti sallakkhetvā pāṭipade diyyanakadānaṃ, tampi ubhayaṃ salākabhattagatikameva. Iti imāni sattapi bhattāni piṇḍapātikānaṃ na vaṭṭanti, dhutaṅgabhedaṃ karontiyeva.
161此外,在《衣蕴篇》中,还有因维沙卡祈愿而施设的四种食,即客来食、将行食、病者食、看护病者食,这些都见于圣典中。其中,施与客来比丘的食称为‘客来食’。其余类推。在此,若客来食多而客来比丘也多,则应每人分给一份;若食物不够,则应依序分给。若一位客来比丘最先到来,将全部客来食取为己有而坐,则全部归他所有,之后到来的客来比丘应食用由他分给的食物。他也应自取一份,其余的分给他人。这是宽厚之法。
Aparānipi cīvarakkhandhake visākhāya varaṃ yācitvā dinnāni āgantukabhattaṃ gamiyabhattaṃ gilānabhattaṃ gilānupaṭṭhākabhattanti cattāri bhattāni pāḷiyaṃ āgatāneva, tattha āgantukānaṃ dinnaṃ bhattaṃ ‘‘āgantukabhattaṃ’’. Esa nayo sesesu. Sace panettha āgantukabhattānipi āgantukāpi bahū honti, sabbesaṃ ekekaṃ gāhetabbaṃ, bhattesu appahontesu ṭhitikāya gāhetabbaṃ. Eko āgantuko paṭhamameva āgantvā sabbaṃ āgantukabhattaṃ attano gāhetvā nisīdati, sabbaṃ tasseva hoti, pacchā āgatehi āgantukehi tena dinnāni paribhuñjitabbāni. Tenapi ekaṃ attano gahetvā sesāni dātabbāni. Ayaṃ uḷāro.
162然而,若最先到来的客来比丘未自取食物而默然坐着,则应与之后到来的比丘们一起按顺序取用。若客来比丘常来,则应在到达当日食用;若间或而来,则可食用两三天。但在《大护持》中说:‘可以食用七天。’
Sace pana yo paṭhamaṃ āgantvāpi attano aggahetvā tuṇhībhūto nisīdati, pacchā āgatehi saddhiṃ paṭipāṭiyā gaṇhitabbaṃ. Sace niccaṃ āgantukā āgacchanti, āgatadivaseyeva bhuñjitabbaṃ, antarantarā ce āgacchanti, dve tīṇi divasāni bhuñjitabbaṃ. Mahāpaccariyaṃ pana ‘‘satta divasāni bhuñjituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vuttaṃ.
163常住比丘去了某处后回来,他也应食用客来食。然而,若该食是绑定在寺院中的,则应在寺院中取用。若寺院很远,而绑定在集会堂中,则应在集会堂中取用。若施主们说:‘若无客来比丘,常住比丘也可食用’,则是可以的。
Āvāsiko katthaci gantvā āgato, tenāpi āgantukabhattaṃ paribhuñjitabbaṃ. Sace pana taṃ vihāre nibandhāpitaṃ hoti, vihāre gāhetabbaṃ. Atha vihāro dūre hoti, āsanasālāya nibandhāpitaṃ āsanasālāya gāhetabbaṃ. Sace pana dāyakā ‘‘āgantukesu asati āvāsikāpi paribhuñjantū’’ti vadanti, vaṭṭati.
164将行食的讨论方式也是如此。但有此差别——客来比丘仅得客来食,将行比丘则既可得客来食也可得将行食。常住比丘若想离开,即成为将行比丘,可得将行食。然而,如同客来食一样,这种食不能在两三天或七天内持续获得。若已食用了‘我将离去’的将行食,当天因某种原因未走,次日仍可食用,因为尚有出发之意。若已食用了‘我将离去’的将行食,但盗贼拦路、或水阻、或天雨、或商队不行,则仍可怀着出发之意食用。观察这些障碍,在《大护持》中说:‘可以食用两三天。’但若只是假装说‘我将离去’而食用,则不可。
Gamiyabhattepi ayameva kathāmaggo. Ayaṃ pana viseso – āgantuko āgantukabhattameva labhati, gamiko āgantukabhattampi gamiyabhattampi. Āvāsikopi pakkamitukāmo gamiko hoti; gamiyabhattaṃ labhati. Yathā pana āgantukabhattaṃ; evamidaṃ dve vā tīṇi vā satta vā divasāni na labbhati. ‘‘Gamissāmī’’ti bhutto taṃdivasaṃ kenacideva kāraṇena na gato, punadivasepi bhuñjituṃ vaṭṭati, saussāhattā. ‘‘Gamissāmī’’ti bhuttassa corā vā panthaṃ rundhanti udakaṃ vā, devo vā vassati, sattho vā na gacchati, saussāhena bhuñjitabbaṃ. Ete upaddave olokentena ‘‘dve tayo divase bhuñjituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti mahāpaccariyaṃ vuttaṃ. ‘‘Gamissāmī’’ti pana lesaṃ oḍḍetvā bhuñjituṃ na labhati.
165病者食:若足够所有病者,则应给所有病者;若不够,则应依序分给。若一位病者看似无病,能进入村内,另一位不能,后者称为‘大病者’,应将病者食给这位大病者。若有两位大病者,一位有得、有名,获得很多嚼食和啖食,另一位无依、因少得而需进入村内,则应将病者食给后者。病者食没有天数限制。只要病未痊愈,不食用适宜的食物便无法维持,就应一直食用。然而,当即使食用了混合粥或混合食,病也不再发作时,从此以后便不应再食用。
Gilānabhattampi sace sabbesaṃ gilānānaṃ pahoti, sabbesaṃ dātabbaṃ; no ce, ṭhitikaṃ katvā gāhetabbaṃ. Eko gilāno arogarūpo sakkoti antogāmaṃ gantuṃ, eko na sakkoti, ayaṃ ‘‘mahāgilāno’’ nāma. Etassa gilānabhattaṃ dātabbaṃ. Dve mahāgilānā – eko lābhī abhiññāto bahuṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ labhati, eko anātho appalābhatāya antogāmaṃ pavisati – etassa gilānabhattaṃ dātabbaṃ. Gilānabhatte pana divasaparicchedo natthi. Yāva rogo na vūpasammati, sappāyabhojanaṃ abhuñjanto na yāpeti, tāva bhuñjitabbaṃ. Yadā pana missakayāguṃ vā missakabhattaṃ vā bhuttassāpi rogo na kuppati, tato paṭṭhāya na bhuñjitabbaṃ.
166看护病者食:若足够所有看护者,则应给所有看护者;若不够,则应依序分给。在两位病者中,应给大病者的看护者;在两位大病者中,应给无依病者的看护者。若某家既给病者食也给看护病者食,则当某病者得到食物时,其看护者也应在那里取用。看护病者食也没有天数限制,只要病者得到,其看护者也得到。这四种食,若是这样施设的:‘愿客来者、将行者、病者、看护病者取用我的乞食’,则对于常乞食者也是适宜的。但若是这样施设的:‘我指定给客来者等的食物,愿他们取用我的食物’,则对于常乞食者是不适宜的。
Gilānupaṭṭhākabhattampi yaṃ sabbesaṃ pahoti, taṃ sabbesaṃ dātabbaṃ; no ce pahoti, ṭhitikaṃ katvā gāhetabbaṃ. Idampi dvīsu gilānesu mahāgilānupaṭṭhākassa gāhetabbaṃ, dvīsu mahāgilānesu anāthagilānupaṭṭhākassa. Yaṃ kulaṃ gilānabhattampi deti gilānupaṭṭhākabhattampi, tattha yassa gilānassa bhattaṃ pāpuṇāti tadupaṭṭhākassāpi tattheva gāhetabbaṃ. Gilānupaṭṭhākabhattepi divasaparicchedo natthi, yāva gilāno labhati, tāvassa upaṭṭhākopi labhatīti. Imāni cattāri bhattāni sace evaṃ dinnāni honti ‘‘āgantukagamikagilānupaṭṭhākā mama bhikkhaṃ gaṇhantū’’ti, piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭati. Sace pana āgantukādīnaṃ bhattaṃ nibandhāpemi, ‘‘mama bhattaṃ gaṇhantū’’ti evaṃ dinnāni honti, piṇḍapātikānaṃ na vaṭṭati.
167此外,还有‘常供食、精舍食、轮值食’三种食。其中,常供食是指常施食,有两种——僧团的和个人。其中,若指定‘我们给僧团常供食’,这属于筹食一类。若说‘愿他们取用我常供的乞食’而施,则对于常乞食者也是适宜的。在个人常供食中,若说‘我给你们常供食’,若是常乞食者,则不适宜。但若说‘愿你们取用我常供的乞食’,则是适宜的,应接受。即使后来过了几天说‘请取用常供食’,由于最初已善加接受,也是可以的。
Aparānipi ‘‘dhurabhattaṃ, kuṭibhattaṃ, vārabhatta’’nti tīṇi bhattāni. Tattha dhurabhattanti niccabhattaṃ vuccati, taṃ duvidhaṃ – saṅghikaṃ puggalikañca. Tattha yaṃ ‘‘saṅghassa dhurabhattaṃ demā’’ti nibandhāpitaṃ, taṃ salākabhattagatikaṃ. ‘‘Mama nibaddhaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhantū’’ti vatvā dinnaṃ pana piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭati. Puggalikepi ‘‘tumhākaṃ dhurabhattaṃ dammī’’ti vutte piṇḍapātiko ce, na vaṭṭati. ‘‘Mama nibaddhaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti vutte pana vaṭṭati, sāditabbaṃ. Sacepi pacchā katipāhe vītivatte ‘‘dhurabhattaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti vadati, mūle suṭṭhu sampaṭicchitattā vaṭṭati.
168所谓精舍食,是指为僧团建造住处后,指定‘愿我们的精舍居住者只取用我们的食物’,这属于筹食一类,应取用而食。但若说‘愿我们的精舍居住者只取用我们的乞食’,则对于常乞食者也是适宜的。然而,若对某人生起净信,为他建造住处后说‘我们给你’,这便只属于他,当他去了某处时,应由其依止者食用。
Kuṭibhattaṃ nāma yaṃ saṅghassa āvāsaṃ kāretvā ‘‘amhākaṃ senāsanavāsino amhākaṃyeva bhattaṃ gaṇhantū’’ti evaṃ nibandhāpitaṃ, taṃ salākabhattagatikameva hoti, gahetvā bhuñjitabbaṃ. ‘‘Amhākaṃ senāsanavāsino amhākaṃyeva bhikkhaṃ gaṇhantū’’ti vutte pana piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭati . Yaṃ pana puggale pasīditvā tassa vā āvāsaṃ katvā ‘‘tumhākaṃ demā’’ti dinnaṃ, taṃ tasseva hoti, tasmiṃ katthaci gate nissitakehi bhuñjitabbaṃ.
169所谓“轮流食”,是在饥荒时期,从主家开始,以“我们将按轮流照顾比丘们”的方式所施之食。若以乞食之语而施,对乞食者亦适用。但若说“轮流食”,则属于筹食一类。若他们送来米等,说“让沙弥们煮好后供养”,对乞食者亦适用。如此,这三种以及客食等四种,共七种,与僧团食等合为十四种食。
Vārabhattaṃ nāma dubbhikkhasamaye ‘‘vārena bhikkhū jaggissāmā’’ti dhuragehato paṭṭhāya dinnaṃ, tampi bhikkhāvacanena dinnaṃ piṇḍapātikānaṃ vaṭṭati. ‘‘Vārabhatta’’nti vutte pana salākabhattagatikaṃ hoti. Sace taṇḍulādīni pesenti, ‘‘sāmaṇerā pacitvā dentū’’ti, piṇḍapātikānaṃ vaṭṭati. Iti imāni ca tīṇi āgantukabhattādīni ca cattārīti satta, tāni saṅghabhattādīhi saha cuddasa bhattāni honti.
170在注释书中,还提到了另外四种食:寺院食、八人食、四人食、密食。其中,寺院食是指在寺院中就地产生的食物,这已被僧团食所包含。然而,在像帝须大寺、质多罗山等地方,由于已证无碍解、断尽烦恼的圣者们以乞食者也能受用的方式接受,所以在那些地方对乞食者也适用。所谓“我们供养八位比丘”、“供养四位比丘”而施的,即是八人食和四人食;若以乞食之语而施,对乞食者也适用。以精心制作、味道殊胜的糕点装满钵并盖好而施的,称为密食。这三种仅属于筹食一类。
Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana vihārabhattaṃ, aṭṭhakabhattaṃ, catukkabhattaṃ, guḷhakabhattanti aññānipi cattāri bhattāni vuttāni. Tattha vihārabhattaṃ nāma vihāre tatruppādabhattaṃ, taṃ saṅghabhattena gahitaṃ. Taṃ pana tissamahāvihāracittalapabbatādīsu paṭisambhidāpattehi khīṇāsavehi yathā piṇḍapātikānampi sakkā hoti paribhuñjituṃ, tathā paṭiggahitattā tādisesu ṭhānesu piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭati. ‘‘Aṭṭhannaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dema, catunnaṃ demā’’ti evaṃ dinnaṃ pana aṭṭhakabhattañceva catukkabhattañca; tampi bhikkhāvacanena dinnaṃ piṇḍapātikānaṃ vaṭṭati. Mahābhisaṅkhārikena atirasakapūvena pattaṃ pūretvā thaketvā dinnaṃ guḷhakabhattaṃ nāma. Imāni tīṇi salākabhattagatikāneva.
171还有一种称为筹食的:在此,有些人举办了大型闻法会和寺院供养后,不能供养全体僧团,便说“让二三百位比丘接受我们的施食”,为了确定比丘人数而分发筹签,这对乞食者也适用。如此,在衣犍度中说了衣的分配,而在此卧坐具犍度中,则说了卧坐具的分配和施食的分配。
Aparampi guḷakabhattaṃ nāma atthi, idhekacce manussā mahādhammasavanañca vihārapūjañca kāretvā sakalasaṅghassa dātuṃ na sakkomāti, ‘‘dve tīṇi bhikkhusatāni amhākaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhantū’’ti bhikkhuparicchedajānanatthaṃ guḷake denti, idaṃ piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭati. Iti cīvarakkhandhake cīvarabhājanīyaṃ, imasmiṃ pana senāsanakkhandhake senāsanabhājanīyañceva piṇḍapātabhājanīyañca vuttaṃ.
172病缘资具的分配应如此了知:在酥油等药物中,国王和大臣们有时会送百罐、千罐的酥油到寺院。应敲钟,从上座处开始,将所持的容器装满而施,对乞食者也适用。若有懒惰的大长老后来才到,不应说:“尊者,这是给二十夏者的,您的份额已过。”应保留其份额,先给他们,之后再按份额施与。
Gilānapaccayabhājanīyaṃ pana evaṃ veditabbaṃ – sappiādīsu bhesajjesu rājarājamahāmattā sappissa tāva kumbhasatampi kumbhasahassampi vihāraṃ pesenti, ghaṇṭiṃ paharitvā therāsanato paṭṭhāya gahitabhājanaṃ pūretvā dātabbaṃ , piṇḍapātikānampi vaṭṭati. Sace alasajātikā mahātherā pacchā āgacchanti, ‘‘bhante, vīsativassānaṃ diyyati, tumhākaṃ ṭhitikā atikkantā’’ti na vattabbā, ṭhitikaṃ ṭhapetvā tesaṃ datvā pacchā ṭhitikāya dātabbaṃ.
173听闻“某寺院有很多酥油产生”后,即使从一由旬外的寺院,比丘们也前来。对已到达者,应从其所站之处开始施与。对尚未到达但已进入近行界者,若其弟子等正在领取,也应施与。若有人说“给站在近行界外的人”,则不应施与。然而,若他们进入近行界后,与界内连成一片,或在自己寺院门口、或就在寺院内,则因众会之力而成为所谓的扩大界,因此应施与。即使已施与僧团新来者,对后来者仍应施与。但在第二部分,上座已登座后,后来者不能得到第一部分,应从第二部分按戒腊施与。进入近行界后,无论在哪里施与,都必须在全体集合处分配。
‘‘Asukavihāre bahu sappi uppanna’’nti sutvā yojanantaravihāratopi bhikkhū āgacchanti, sampattasampattānaṃ ṭhitaṭṭhānato paṭṭhāya dātabbaṃ. Asampattānampi upacārasīmaṃ paviṭṭhānaṃ antevāsikādīsu gaṇhantesu dātabbameva. ‘‘Bahiupacārasīmāya ṭhitānaṃ dethā’’ti vadanti, na dātabbaṃ. Sace pana upacārasīmaṃ okkantehi ekābaddhā hutvā attano vihāradvāre vā antovihāreyeva vā honti, parisāvasena vaḍḍhitā nāma sīmā hoti, tasmā dātabbaṃ. Saṅghanavakassa dinnepi pacchā āgatānaṃ dātabbameva. Dutiyabhāge pana therāsanaṃ āruḷhe pacchā āgatānaṃ paṭhamabhāgo na pāpuṇāti, dutiyabhāgato vassaggena dātabbaṃ. Upacārasīmaṃ pavisitvā yattha katthaci dinnaṃ hoti, sabbasannipātaṭṭhāneyeva bhājetabbaṃ.
174若某寺院有十位比丘,且正好供养十罐酥油,应按每罐分配。若只有一罐酥油,应由十位比丘分配后领取。若他们就这样说“这归我们”而取,则为不善取;在所到之处都成为僧物。然而,将罐倾斜,在盘中倒出少许酥油,说“这归大长老,剩下的归我们”,然后再倒回罐中,随意取用后离去,这是可以的。若酥油凝固,可划线后说“线以外的部分归大长老,剩下的归我们”,这样取也是善取。比丘人数和酥油罐数多于或少于所述范围时,也应以同样的方法分配。
Yasmiṃ vihāre dasa bhikkhū, daseva ca sappikumbhā diyyanti, ekekakumbhavaseneva bhājetabbaṃ. Eko sappikumbho hoti, dasa bhikkhūhi bhājetvā gahetabbaṃ. Sace yathāṭhitaṃyeva ‘‘amhākaṃ pāpuṇātī’’ti gaṇhanti, duggahitaṃ; gatagataṭṭhāne saṅghikameva hoti. Kumbhaṃ pana āvajjetvā thālake thokaṃ sappiṃ katvā ‘‘idaṃ mahātherassa pāpuṇāti, avasesaṃ amhākaṃ pāpuṇātī’’ti vatvā tampi kumbheyeva ākiritvā yathicchitaṃ gahetvā gantuṃ vaṭṭati. Sace thinaṃ sappi hoti, lekhaṃ katvā ‘‘lekhato parabhāgo mahātherassa pāpuṇāti, avasesaṃ amhāka’’nti gahitampi suggahitaṃ, vuttaparicchedato ūnādhikesupi bhikkhūsu ca sappikumbhesu ca etenevupāyena bhājetabbaṃ.
175若有多位比丘而只有一罐,敲钟后,说“这归我”而取也是可以的。说“这第一部分归我,这第二部分”,这样一点点地分配也是可以的。此法也适用于生酥等。然而,在澄清的芝麻油等中,若划线无法保持,则应舀出后分配。生姜、胡椒等药物,以及剩余的钵、盘等沙门资具,也都应依所述的方法善加观察后分配。
Sace paneko bhikkhu, ekopi kumbho hoti, ghaṇṭiṃ paharitvā ‘‘ayaṃ mayhaṃ pāpuṇātī’’tipi gahetuṃ vaṭṭati. ‘‘Ayaṃ paṭhamabhāgo mayhaṃ pāpuṇāti, ayaṃ dutiyabhāgo’’ti evaṃ thokaṃ thokampi pāpetuṃ vaṭṭati. Esa nayo navanītādīsupi. Yasmiṃ pana vippasanne tilatelādimhi lekhā na santiṭṭhati, taṃ uddharitvā bhājetabbaṃ. Siṅgiveramaricādibhesajjampi avasesapattathālakādisamaṇaparikkhāropi sabbo vuttānurūpeneva nayena suṭṭhu sallakkhetvā bhājetabboti.
176观察巴利注疏,明了智者如是解说;
Pāḷiṃ aṭṭhakathañceva, oloketvā vicakkhaṇo;
177对于僧团的资具,应如此不放逸地分配。
Saṅghike paccaye evaṃ, appamattova bhājayeti.
202如是,以一切方式,缘之分配说已毕。
Iti sabbākārena paccayabhājanīyakathā niṭṭhitā.
178由已被选任的粥分配者等,在应分配之处,对前来的人不必询问即可给予一半份额;但未被选任者则应先征求同意再给予。由被选任的微物处分比丘,对正在做衣的人说“给我针”时,应给予两根针——一根长的、一根短的。无需询问“这是未分配的僧团物品”。对需要胡椒的人应给一粒胡椒;对想走远路险途的人应给一双鞋;对需要腰带的人应给腰带;对前来说“我的系肩带坏了”的人应给系肩带;对需要滤水器的人应给滤水器。对需要诵经架的人应给诵经架,如果没有布套,诵经架应连同布套一起给。对请求说“我要挂客比丘布告板”的人,应给足够做横边和半横边的布料。对前来说“圆相不够”的人,应给一个圆相,或给两个半圆相。对请求两个圆相的人不应给。对需要补风衬边的人,应给足够一件衣的量。对患病需要酥油、生酥等的人,应量出一那利药量,然后给其中的三分之一。如此给三日,到那利量满后,从第四日起应询问僧团后再给。对糖块也是一日给三分之一。如此三日给完糖块后,此后应询问僧团后再给。其余一切处皆显而易见。
Sammannitvā ṭhapitayāgubhājakādīhi bhājanīyaṭṭhānaṃ āgatamanussānaṃ anāpucchitvāva upaḍḍhabhāgo dātabbo, asammatehi pana apaloketvā dātabbo. Sammatena appamattakavissajjanakena bhikkhunā cīvarakammaṃ karontassa ‘‘sūciṃ dehī’’ti vadato ekā dīghā, ekā rassāti dve sūciyo dātabbā. ‘‘Avibhattaṃ saṅghikaṃ bhaṇḍa’’nti pucchitabbakiccaṃ natthi. Pipphalakatthikassa eko pipphalako, addhānakantāraṃ paṭipajjitukāmassa upāhanayugaḷaṃ, kāyabandhanatthikassa kāyabandhanaṃ, ‘‘aṃsabaddhako me jiṇṇo’’ti āgatassa aṃsabaddhako, parissāvanatthikassa parissāvanaṃ dātabbaṃ. Dhammakaraṇatthikassa dhammakaraṇo. Sace paṭako na hoti, dhammakaraṇo paṭakena saddhiṃ dātabbo. ‘‘Āgantukapaṭṭaṃ āropessāmī’’ti yācantassa kusiyā ca aḍḍhakusiyā ca pahonakaṃ dātabbaṃ. ‘‘Maṇḍalaṃ nappahotī’’ti āgatassa maṇḍalaṃ ekaṃ dātabbaṃ, aḍḍhamaṇḍalāni dve dātabbāni. Dve maṇḍalāni yācantassa na dātabbāni. Anuvātaparibhaṇḍatthikassa ekassa cīvarassa pahonakaṃ dātabbaṃ. Sappinavanītādiatthikassa gilānassa ekaṃ bhesajjaṃ nāḷimattaṃ katvā tato tatiyakoṭṭhāso dātabbo. Evaṃ tīṇi divasāni datvā nāḷiyā paripuṇṇāya catutthadivasato paṭṭhāya saṅghaṃ pucchitvā dātabbaṃ. Guḷapiṇḍepi ekadivasaṃ tatiyabhāgo dātabbo. Evaṃ tīhi divasehi niṭṭhite piṇḍe tato paraṃ saṅghaṃ pucchitvā dātabbaṃ. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.
204半月食等说已毕。
Pakkhikabhattādikathā niṭṭhitā.
205住所篇集注释已毕。
Senāsanakkhandhakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.