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s0519a.att5 · 静态文献页 · 99 段 · 打开交互阅读器

1「理趣起始品」的注释
Nayasamuṭṭhānavāravaṇṇanā
7979. 如此,通过多种经和单一经的方式展示了导向的审察之后,现在为了展示理趣的审察,开始说“其中,什么是理趣的起始”等。那么,为什么这里不像“其中,什么是教示导向?‘乐味、过患…’的偈颂。这教示导向教示了什么?”这样从导向的说明开始,而是从起始入口来开始对理趣的说明呢?回答是:因为导向和理趣的领域不同。导向是以言辞为入口对经义的解释,理趣不是这样。理趣则是通过从多种经中提炼出的渴爱、无明等根本句,借由与四谛的联结,被理趣所觉知的苦等义理。因为它引导并使到达道智,所以称为「理趣」。而对于证悟者,以及那些“略说即知者”等三种应调伏者,依其根本句的差别,被分为三种。而每一个理趣,从它所引导的与所引导的,以及染污与清净的分别来看,包含了二聚、四下、六方面等,这就是导向与理趣的领域差别。正如所说:“导向是言辞的审察,而三种理趣是经义。”(《指导论·摄集品》)。正因为导向与理趣的领域如此殊异,他在以不同于导向的方式解说理趣时,才说了“其中,什么是理趣的起始”等语。
79. Evaṃ nānāsuttavasena ekasuttavasena ca hāravicāraṃ dassetvā idāni nayavicāraṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘tattha katamaṃ nayasamuṭṭhāna’’ntiādi āraddhaṃ. Kasmā panettha yathā ‘‘tattha katamo desanāhāro, assādādīnavatāti gāthā. Ayaṃ desanāhāro kiṃ desayatī’’tiādinā hāraniddeso āraddho, evaṃ ‘‘tattha katamo nandiyāvaṭṭo, taṇhañca avijjampi cāti gāthā, ayaṃ nandiyāvaṭṭo kiṃ nayatī’’tiādinā anārabhitvā samuṭṭhānamukhena āraddhanti? Vuccate – hāranayānaṃ visayabhedato. Yathā hi hārā byañjanamukhena suttassa atthasaṃvaṇṇanā, na evaṃ nayā. Nayā pana nānāsuttato niddhāritehi taṇhāvijjādīhi mūlapadehi catusaccayojanāya nayato anubujjhiyamāno dukkhādiattho. So hi maggañāṇaṃ nayati sampāpetīti nayo. Paṭivijjhantānaṃ pana ugghaṭitaññuādīnaṃ tiṇṇaṃ veneyyānaṃ vasena mūlapadavibhāgato tidhā vibhattā. Ekameko cettha yato neti, yañca neti, tesaṃ saṃkilesavodānānaṃ vibhāgato dvisaṅgaho catuchaaṭṭhadiso cāti bhinno hāranayānaṃ visayo. Tathā hi vuttaṃ – ‘‘hārā byañjanavicayo, suttassa nayā tayo ca suttattho’’ti (netti. saṅgahavāra). Evaṃ visiṭṭhavisayattā hāranayānaṃ hārehi aññathā naye niddisanto ‘‘tattha katamaṃ nayasamuṭṭhāna’’ntiādimāha.
2对它的词义解释如下:因为它由此而起(samuṭṭhahanti),所以称为「起始」(samuṭṭhāna)。什么起呢?理趣。诸理趣的起始,就是「理趣的起始」(nayasamuṭṭhāna)。那么,它是什么?它就是通过各个根本句与四谛的联结。因为它正是喜旋等理趣的生起之处,所以被称为「起始」或「地」。正如他将要说的:“这被称为喜旋理趣的地”(《指导论》81)。“无明与有爱的前际不可知”等等,就是显示喜旋理趣的地。其中,“前际不可知”的意思是:不能说“无明与有爱是在某个佛陀、世尊的时代,或在某个转轮圣王的时代才生起的,在此之前并不存在。”这样,对于无明与有爱,找不到任何在前的界限。为什么?因为轮回是无始的。这确实被说过:“比丘们,这轮回是无始的,前际是不可知的。”(《相应部》2.124;《论事》75)有广泛的说明。关于这些无明与有爱,虽然在经文中提到了无明的结缚状态,以及渴爱的盖障状态,但为了显示“通过被无明遮蔽了过患的诸有,渴爱将其结缚”这一意义,所以说了“无明盖,渴爱结”。
Tatthāyaṃ vacanattho – samuṭṭhahanti etenāti samuṭṭhānaṃ. Ke samuṭṭhahanti? Nayā. Nayānaṃ samuṭṭhānaṃ nayasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Kiṃ pana taṃ? Taṃtaṃmūlapadehi catusaccayojanā. Sā hi nandiyāvaṭṭādīnaṃ nayānaṃ uppattiṭṭhānatāya samuṭṭhānaṃ bhūmīti ca vuccati. Tathā ca vakkhati – ‘‘ayaṃ vuccati nandiyāvaṭṭassa nayassa bhūmī’’ti (netti. 81). Pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjāya ca bhavataṇhāya cātiādi nandiyāvaṭṭassa nayassa bhūmidassanaṃ. Tattha pubbā koṭi na paññāyatīti asukassa nāma buddhassa bhagavato, asukassa vā cakkavattino kāle avijjā bhavataṇhā ca uppannā. Tato pubbe nāhosīti evaṃ avijjābhavataṇhānaṃ na kāci purimā mariyādā upalabbhati. Kasmā? Anamataggattā saṃsārassa. Vuttañhetaṃ – ‘‘anamataggoyaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃsāro, pubbā koṭi na paññāyatī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 2.124; kathā. 75) vitthāro. Tatthāti avijjābhavataṇhāsu. Yadipi avijjāya saṃyojanabhāvo, taṇhāya ca nīvaraṇabhāvo pāḷiyaṃ vutto, tathāpi avijjāya paṭicchāditādīnavehi bhavehi taṇhā saṃyojetīti imassa atthassa dassanatthaṃ ‘‘avijjānīvaraṇaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojana’’nti vuttaṃ.
3「与无明相应的」(avijjāsaṃyuttā)意思是:与无明混合在一起,或者说,被无明绑在执着的依止处上。“以无明一方而转起”意思是:以无明这一方、以无明为伴,通过十二种颠倒,在作为执着依止的所缘中生起。“他们被称为见行者”意思是:那些被无明所压服、将色等执取为常等的人,被称为见行者,意思是“叫做见行者”。“以渴爱一方”意思是:以百八种渴爱的运行方式。为了将见运行和爱运行的修行方式区分开来显示,说了“见行者”等语。其中,“自我苦行之道”是指让自己的身体受苦的用功,即自我折磨的修行。“欲乐行之道”是指沉湎于欲乐的用功,即对诸欲的耽溺。
Avijjāsaṃyuttāti avijjāya missitā, avijjāya vā abhinivesavatthūsu baddhā. Avijjāpakkhena vicarantīti avijjāpakkhena avijjāsahāyena dvādasavidhena vipallāsena abhinivesavatthubhūte ārammaṇe pavattanti. Te vuccanti diṭṭhicaritāti te avijjābhibhūtā rūpādīni niccādito abhinivisantā diṭṭhicaritāti vuccanti, diṭṭhicaritā nāmāti attho. Taṇhāpakkhenāti aṭṭhasatataṇhāvicaritena. Diṭṭhivicarite taṇhāvicarite ca paṭipattiyā vibhajitvā dassetuṃ ‘‘diṭṭhicaritā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha attakilamathānuyoganti attano kāyassa kilissanapayogaṃ attaparitāpanapaṭipattiṃ. Kāmasukhallikānuyoganti kāmasukhassa allīyanapayogaṃ kāmesu pātabyataṃ.
4虽然外道们知道“苦由渴爱产生”,也知道“这是苦,这是这么多数量的苦”,“这是渴爱,这是它的离贪”,但是他们并不以应遍知、应断除的方式了知。这样,他们连生起和生起因的程度都不知道,更何况关于还灭和还灭因呢?因此说:“在此(佛教)之外,没有对圣谛的确定……”其中,「圣谛的阐明」是指对圣谛的教导。「止观善巧」是指在止与观上的修习善巧,或者是对它们的学习、遍问、听闻、作意上的善巧。这里所指的是以止为近因的观。「证得寂灭之乐」是指获得烦恼止息的乐。「心颠倒者」是指以邪见执取之心者。「没有由乐得乐」的意思是:他否认那种由无过失的缘、通过受用乐而使身体与心得到止息、轻安之后,应为圣者们所证得的寂灭之乐。“由苦……”是指由身体疲劳之苦。
Yadipi bāhirakā ‘‘dukkhaṃ taṇhā’’ti ca jānanti ‘‘idaṃ dukkhaṃ, ettakaṃ dukkha’’nti, ‘‘ayaṃ taṇhā, ayaṃ tassā virāgo’’ti pariññeyyapahātabbabhāvena pana na jānanti, iti pavattipavattihetumattampi na jānanti. Kā pana kathā nivattinivattihetūsūti āha – ‘‘ito bahiddhā natthi saccavavatthāna’’ntiādi. Tattha saccappakāsanāti saccadesanā. Samathavipassanākosallanti samathavipassanāsu bhāvanākosallaṃ, tāsu uggahaparipucchāsavanamanasikārakosallaṃ vā. Vipassanādhiṭṭhānañcettha samathaṃ adhippetaṃ. Upasamasukhappattīti kilesānaṃ vūpasamasukhādhigamo. Viparītacetāti micchābhiniviṭṭhacetā. Natthi sukhena sukhanti yaṃ anavajjapaccayaparibhogasukhena kāyaṃ cittañca paṭippassaddhadarathaṃ katvā ariyehi pattabbaṃ upasamasukhaṃ, taṃ paṭikkhipati. Dukkhenāti kāyakhedanadukkhena.
5「他增长世间」意思是:他服务于诸欲,便增长、滋养了称为有身的世间。或者,通过子子孙孙的相续,由于没有截断轮回,而增长众生世间。「他生起众多福」意思是:他通过用五种欲满足自己,以及看到子女的面容,而生起很多福德。因为执着不太坚固,所以有‘如此想’者。因为执着坚固,所以有‘如此见’者;他们希望以苦求得快乐,所以应这样联系:他们住于自我苦行之道,以及认为诸欲中有福,住于欲乐行之道。
So lokaṃ vaḍḍhayatīti so kāme paṭisevento attabhāvasaṅkhātaṃ lokaṃ vaḍḍheti pīneti. Puttanattuparamparāya vā saṃsārassa anupacchedanato sattalokaṃ vaḍḍheti. Bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavatīti attano pañcahi kāmaguṇehi santappanena puttamukhadassanena ca bahuṃ puññaṃ uppādeti. Abhinivesassa nātidaḷhatāya evaṃsaññī. Daḷhatāya evaṃdiṭṭhī dukkhena sukhaṃ patthayamānā attakilamathānuyogamanuyuttā kāmesu puññasaññī kāmasukhallikānuyogamanuyuttā ca viharantīti yojetabbaṃ.
6「他们自以为通达」意思是:他们成了有那样想的状态。「只令疾病增长」意思是:他们只会不断地增长有身的疾病,或者说烦恼的疾病。关于疮、箭,也是同样的道理。「为疾病所困」意思是被前面所说的疾病所苦。「为疮所迫」意思是被前面所说的疮所苦恼。「为箭所穿」意思是被前面所说的箭射入。「出头与没头」意思是往生与死亡。「高低与起伏」意思是高低的状态。「疾病、疮、箭之药」意思是对治前面所说疾病等的药物,这里是指止与观。因此他说:“止与观是消灭疾病的药”。其中,「消灭疾病」意思是疾病的止息。通过“染污是苦……”等,他以应遍知等的方式讲解了诸圣谛。
Tadabhiññā santāti tathāsaññino samānā. Rogameva vaḍḍhayantīti attabhāvarogameva kilesarogameva vā aparāparaṃ vaḍḍhenti. Gaṇḍasallesupi eseva nayo. Rogābhitunnāti yathāvuttarogabyādhitā. Gaṇḍapaṭipīḷitāti yathāvuttagaṇḍabādhitā. Sallānuviddhāti yathāvuttasallena anupaviṭṭhā. Ummujjanimujjānīti upapajjanacavanāni. Ugghātanigghātanti uccāvacabhāvaṃ. Rogagaṇḍasallabhesajjanti yathāvuttarogāditikicchanaṃ, samathavipassanaṃ sandhāya vadati. Tenevāha – ‘‘samathavipassanā roganigghātakabhesajja’’nti. Tattha roganigghātakanti rogavūpasamanaṃ. ‘‘Saṃkileso dukkha’’ntiādinā saccāni tesaṃ pariññeyyādibhāvena katheti.
7其中,「染污是苦」意思是:具足自我苦行之道与欲乐行之道的染污者,或者被它们所染污的色界与无色界之身,就是苦圣谛。「于彼的执著是集」意思是:对于它的执著,也就是称为“系著”的,就是渴爱。
Tattha saṃkileso dukkhanti attakilamathānuyogakāmasukhallikānuyogasaṃkilesavanto, tehi vā saṃkilissamāno rūpārūpakāyo dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ. Tadabhisaṅgo taṇhāti tattha abhisaṅgo āsaṅgoti laddhanāmā taṇhā.
80现在,为了说明「见行者」与「爱行者」在看待「有身见」上的运作差别,而说「见行者」等语。其中,「见行者将色看作我」:见行者由于「见」的执取力很强,所以会把色执取为「我」。对他们来说,「我」的执取强,而「我所」的执取则不是这样。在受等诸蕴上也是同样的道理。「爱行者将色看作有我」:爱行者由于「渴爱」的执取力很强,所以把色视为「我所」的资具与障碍,而把剩下的受等诸蕴执取为「我」。或者「我中有色」:就是把色当作「我」的容器。或者「色中有我」:就是把「我」当作色的容器。至于「有受者」等情况,也是同样的道理。对他们来说,「我所」的执取强,而「我」的执取则不是这样。因此,他们先根据所得到的,构想出「我所」,然后把除此之外的,执取为「我」。「这称为有二十种事端的有身见」:这是指在五个取蕴的每一个上面,各有四种执取的方式,因此总共有二十种事端;当这被称为五蕴身的有身存在时,也就是当这五蕴身存在时,对于它所产生的见,就叫作「有身见」。
80. Idāni diṭṭhicaritataṇhācaritānaṃ sakkāyadiṭṭhidassane pavattibhedaṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘diṭṭhicaritā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha diṭṭhicaritā rūpaṃ attato upagacchantīti diṭṭhicaritā diṭṭhābhinivesassa balavabhāvato rūpaṃ ‘‘attā’’ti gaṇhanti. Tesañhi attābhiniveso balavā, na tathā attaniyābhiniveso. Esa nayo vedanantiādīsupi. Taṇhācaritā rūpavantaṃ attānanti taṇhācaritā taṇhābhinivesassa balavabhāvato rūpaṃ attano kiñcanapalibodhabhāve ṭhapetvā avasesaṃ vedanādiṃ ‘‘attā’’ti gaṇhanti. Attani vā rūpanti attādhāraṃ vā rūpaṃ. Rūpasmiṃ vāattānanti rūpādhāraṃ vā attānaṃ. Vedanāvantantiādīsupi eseva nayo. Etesañhi attaniyābhiniveso balavā, na tathā attābhiniveso. Tasmā yathāladdhaṃ attaniyanti kappetvā tadaññaṃ ‘‘attā’’ti gaṇhanti. Ayaṃ vuccati vīsativatthukā sakkāyadiṭṭhīti ayaṃ pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu ekekasmiṃ catunnaṃ catunnaṃ gāhānaṃ vasena vīsativatthukā sati vijjamāne khandhapañcakasaṅkhāte kāye, satī vā vijjamānā tattha diṭṭhīti sakkāyadiṭṭhi.
9「出世间的正见」指的就是初道的正见。「随行的」意思是正见的随行者。当正见以断除有身见的方式生起时,那些以随顺它的方式一同生起的法,就是这个意思。那么哪些是这些随行的法呢?他说:「正思惟」等。「彼等三蕴……」等,是从圣道的诸蕴层面,拣别出止与观。「其中,有身……」等,是对四谛的抉择。这一切都是很容易理解的。
Lokuttarā sammādiṭṭhīti paṭhamamaggasammādiṭṭhi. Anvāyikāti sammādiṭṭhiyā anugāmino. Yadā sammādiṭṭhi sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā pajahanavasena pavattā, tadā tassā anuguṇabhāvena pavattamānakāti attho. Ke pana teti? Āha ‘‘sammāsaṅkappo’’tiādi. ‘‘Te tayo khandhā’’tiādinā ariyamaggato khandhamukhena samathavipassanā niddhāreti. ‘‘Tattha sakkāyo’’tiādi catusaccaniddhāraṇaṃ. Taṃ sabbaṃ suviññeyyameva.
10接着,通过「其中,那些将色看作我的」等语句,以教示有身见为入口,来拣别出断见与常见这两个极端,以及中道。在这里,这些人被称为「断灭论者」:那些把色等五蕴看作是我的人,因为看到色等诸法是无常的,就强烈地执取这样的见解:「我断灭了、毁坏了,死后就不存在了」,因此被称为「断灭论者」。这些人被称为「常住论者」:那些像「有色的我」等这样,认为在色等诸蕴之外,另有一个别的我的人,执取说:「那个我是恒常的、稳固的、永恒的」,因此被称为「常住论者」。「断灭论与常住论,这两者都是边见,这是轮回的流转」等,是对真理的确立,这很容易理解。
Puna ‘‘tattha ye rūpaṃ attato upagacchantī’’tiādinā sakkāyadassanamukhena ucchedādiantadvayaṃ, majjhimañca paṭipadaṃ niddhāreti. Tattha ime vuccanti ucchedavādinoti ime rūpādike pañcakkhandhe attato upagacchantā rūpādīnaṃ aniccabhāvato ucchijjati attā vinassati na hoti paraṃ maraṇāti evaṃ abhinivisanato ‘‘ucchedavādino’’ti vuccanti. Ime vuccanti sassatavādinoti ime ‘‘rūpavantaṃ vā attāna’’ntiādinā rūpādivinimutto añño koci attāti upagacchantā ‘‘so nicco dhuvo sassato’’ti abhinivisanato ‘‘sassatavādino’’ti vuccanti. ‘‘Ucchedasassatavādā ubho antā, ayaṃ saṃsārapavattī’’tiādi saccaniddhāraṇaṃ, taṃ suviññeyyaṃ.
11从简略来说,断见与常见就是指二十种事端的有身见。因为凡是以「我断灭」或「我是常」等为起始而生起的断见与常见,简略地说,其本质就是这二十种事端的有身见。因为一切关于我的言论,都包含在有身见之中。从详细来说,断见与常见就是「六十二恶见」:详细地展开,就是《梵网经》(《长部》1.28等)中所说的六十二种恶见。所说的「此等」,就是指这些具备简略与详细说法的断见与常见。「其对治」:是指能破除它们的对治法。「三十七菩提分法」:指的是无常想、苦想、无我想、断想、离贪想、灭想、四念住……乃至……八支圣道,这些就是三十七菩提分法。
Ucchedasassataṃ samāsato vīsativatthukā sakkāyadiṭṭhīti attā ucchijjati attā niccoti ca ādippavattanato ucchedasassatadassanaṃ saṅkhepato vīsativatthukā sakkāyadiṭṭhi eva hoti. Sabbopi hi attavādo sakkāyadiṭṭhiantogadho evāti. Vitthārato dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhigatānīti ucchedasassatadassanaṃ vitthārena brahmajāle (dī. ni. 1.28 ādayo) āgatāni dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhigatāni. Tesanti evaṃ saṅkhepavitthāravantānaṃ ucchedasassatadassanānaṃ. Paṭipakkhoti pahāyakapaṭipakkho. Tecattālīsaṃ bodhipakkhiyā dhammāti aniccasaññā dukkhasaññā anattasaññā pahānasaññā virāgasaññā nirodhasaññā cattāro satipaṭṭhānā…pe… ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggoti ete tecattālīsaṃ bodhipakkhiyā dhammā.
12像这样,以「观」的角度开示了对治法之后,接着为了以「止」的角度来开示,而说了「八解脱与十遍处」。六十二恶见既是痴网:六十二恶见是以痴网为因的,所以它本身也就是痴网。所谓「无始无终地流转」:因为找不到最初的起点,所以说它「无始」;在还未证得对治法时,它会依着生命相续,不间断地转起,所以说它「无终地流转」。然而,因为以痴网为因的各种恶见,在痴网被打破时,也就一并被破除了,所以这样说:「三十七菩提分法,是破除痴网的智金刚。」
Evaṃ vipassanāvasena paṭipakkhaṃ dassetvā puna samathavasena dassetuṃ ‘‘aṭṭha vimokkhā dasa ca kasiṇāyatanānī’’ti vuttaṃ. Dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhigatāni mohajālanti dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhigatāni mohajālahetukattā mohajālañca. Anādianidhanappavattanti purimāya koṭiyā abhāvato anādi. Asati paṭipakkhādhigame santānavasena anupacchedena pavattanato anidhanappavattaṃ. Yasmā pana mohajālahetukāni diṭṭhigatāni mohajāle padālite padālitāni honti, tasmā vuttaṃ – ‘‘tecattālīsaṃ bodhipakkhiyā dhammā ñāṇavajiraṃ mohajālappadālana’’nti.
13在这里,「智金刚」:指如同金刚一样的智慧。在证入八等至之后,使其炽盛而锐利,从而成就了锐利自性的观智与道智,这就是「智金刚」。这种智慧,当它在世尊的心中生起时,就特称为「大金刚智」。而为了显示它需要具备资粮,所以说「三十七菩提分法」。「破除痴网」:是指在加行阶段以镇伏的方式,在证道的那一刹那以断除的方式,来破除无明、有和渴爱。在对于过去等种种不同类别的色法,以及对于自己的有身等对象上,渴爱由于具有缝合、连结的作用,所以被称为网。因为渴爱确实有「结网者、缝织者、网」等异名。像这样,通过拣别自苦行、欲乐行、邪见、渴爱、执著、常见、断见等方式,依于痴网的同义异门,来详细分析无明与渴爱,并顺着论义的脉络,归结杂染的部分,因此说:「所以这么说:无明与有爱的前际是不可知的。」
Tattha ñāṇavajiranti vajirūpamañāṇaṃ. Aṭṭha samāpattiyo samāpajjitvā tejetvā tikkhasabhāvaṃ āpāditaṃ vipassanāñāṇaṃ maggañāṇañca ñāṇavajiraṃ. Idameva hi ñāṇaṃ bhagavato pavattaṃ ‘‘mahāvajirañāṇa’’nti vuccati. Taṃ pana sasambhāraṃ katvā dassento ‘‘tecattālīsaṃ bodhipakkhiyā dhammā’’ti āha. Mohajālappadālananti pubbabhāge vikkhambhanavasena maggakkhaṇe samucchedavasena avijjābhavataṇhānaṃ padālanaṃ. Atītādibhedabhinnesu rūpādīsu sakaattabhāvādīsu ca saṃsibbanavasena pavattanato jālaṃ bhavataṇhā. Tassā hi taṇhā jālinī sibbinī jālanti ca adhivacananti. Evaṃ attakilamathānuyogakāmasukhallikānuyogadiṭṭhitaṇhābhinivesasassatucchedānaṃ niddhāraṇavasena mohajālapariyāyavisesato avijjātaṇhā vibhajitvā yathānusandhinā saṃkilesapakkhaṃ nigamento ‘‘tena vuccati pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjāya ca bhavataṇhāya cā’’ti āha.
8181. 以「其中有见行者」等,来开示清净的部分。其中,「常行削减而住者」:指精勤不懈地践行「削减」的行者。为什么这么说呢?因为他对「削减」有深厚的恭敬心。见行者虽然有时会采用苦行厌离等并不正确的方法,但由于他内心里多半是抱着想要削减烦恼的意图在修行,所以他在佛教中出家后,会借着修持头陀支,来完成「削减」的修行之道。「常行学处而住者」:指持守没有瑕疵、具足四遍清净的戒律者。见的作用,在它所缘的境上,其运作类似于慧:这位见行者在净化的过程中,会成为慧增上的行者,所以说:「见行者在进入正定聚时,会成为法随信行。」由于对「解脱」抱有贪爱,那是一种错误的解脱:爱行者在净化的过程中,只会成为信增上的行者,因此这样说:「爱行者在进入正定聚时,会成为随信行。」至于「见行者是乐行道」等,这些关于修行之道的分类,早在前面「教示摄入的分别」(《导论》5等)中就已经说过了,其具体的义理,也在那里从各个方面完整地解释过了。
81.‘‘Tatthadiṭṭhicarito’’tiādinā vodānapakkhaṃ dasseti. Tattha sallekhānusantatavuttīti anupaddutasallekhavutti. Kasmā? Yasmā sallekhe tibbagāravo. Diṭṭhicarito hi tapojigucchādinā anupāyenapi yebhuyyena kilesānaṃ sallekhanādhippāyena carati, tasmā so sāsane pabbajito dhutadhammavasena sallekhapaṭipadaṃ pūreti. Sikkhānusantatavuttīti acchiddacatupārisuddhisīlavutti. Diṭṭhiyā savisaye paññāsadisī pavattīti so visujjhamāno paññādhiko hotīti āha – ‘‘diṭṭhicarito sammattaniyāmaṃ okkamanto dhammānusārī bhavatī’’ti. Taṇhāvasena micchāvimokkho hotīti taṇhācarito visujjhamāno saddhādhikova hoti, tasmā vuttaṃ – ‘‘taṇhācarito sammattaniyāmaṃ okkamanto saddhānusārī bhavatī’’ti. Diṭṭhicarito sukhāya paṭipadāyātiādi paṭipadāniddeso heṭṭhā desanāhāravibhaṅge (netti. 5 ādayo) āgato eva, atthopi tattha sabbappakārato vutto eva.
15至于在之前没提到过的地方,「正被析离者」:是指正在被解脱的人。「他脱出」:就是脱出、解脱的意思。「他迟缓地了知法」:这是针对钝根的爱行者而说的。而如果是利根者,则能迅速地了知法。用「众生也有二种」等语句,依于根器的差别,再次说明修行之道的分别,这很容易理解。
Apubbapadesu pana viveciyamānoti vimociyamāno. Paṭinissaratīti niyyāti vimuccatīti attho. Dandhañca dhammaṃ ājānātīti taṇhācaritassa mandapaññassa vasena vuttaṃ. Tikkhapañño pana khippaṃ dhammaṃ ājānātīti. ‘‘Sattāpi duvidhā’’tiādinā indriyavibhāgena puna paṭipadāvibhāgaṃ dasseti, taṃ suviññeyyaṃ.
16「凡有任何」等开示,这些道的出离,在三种时间中都是确定的。其中,「唯以此四道」就是指只有这四种行道,因为没有离开这些的其他行道。「四支道」即四种行道,因为行道就是道。或者,「四支道」是指喜轮转的四个方面的道。这四个方面将在「方向观察之理」中到来。那么为什么施设四支道呢?回答说「为不智者所习」等。其中,「不智者所习」:即被愚人所习行。「幼儿所好」:即愚人所喜爱。「染住者」:指在有染污、被贪爱压倒的人当中居住,也就是「喜」,由于在处处欢喜的意义上称为喜。「为截断」:即为了断除。「此称为喜轮转理趣之地」:基于爱与无明,在杂染部分有两方面,基于止与观,在清净部分也有两方面,以四谛结合,这是喜轮转理趣的生起处,所以称为地。
‘‘Ye hi kecī’’tiādinā tāsaṃ paṭipadānaṃ niyyāne tīsupi kālesu ekantikabhāvaṃ dasseti. Tattha imāhi eva catūhi paṭipadāhīti imāhi eva catūhi paṭipadāhi, tabbinimuttāya aññāya paṭipadāya abhāvato. Catukkamagganti paṭipadācatukkaṃ, paṭipadā hi maggoti. Atha vā catukkamagganti nandiyāvaṭṭassa catuddisāsaṅkhātaṃ maggaṃ. Tā pana catasso disā disālocananaye āgamissanti. Kimatthaṃ pana catukkamaggaṃ paññapentīti āha ‘‘abudhajanasevitāyā’’tiādi. Tattha abudhajanasevitāyāti apaṇḍitajanasevitāya. Bālakantāyāti bālajanakāmitāya. Rattavāsiniyāti rattesu rāgābhibhūtesu vasatīti rattavāsinī, tassā. Nandiyāti tatra tatrābhinandanaṭṭhena nandīsaṅkhātāya. Avaṭṭanatthanti samucchindanatthaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati nandiyāvaṭṭassa nayassa bhūmīti ayaṃ taṇhāvijjānaṃ vasena saṃkilesapakkhe dve disā samathavipassanānaṃ vasena vodānapakkhepi dve disā catusaccayojanā nandiyāvaṭṭassa nayassa samuṭṭhānatāya bhūmīti.
8282. 这样开示了喜轮转理趣之地后,现在开示成为该理趣的方面之法。由于在宣说这些方面之法时,「方向观察之理」就已经被说到了,所以以「于解释中,凡是善与不善」等,概括方向观察之相,然后开始「彼等应以二种观察」等。其中,「彼等」指成为方面之法。「二种」即「这是杂染法,这是清净法」,这样的两种。「应观察」:即应从起因去全面观察,依法的相应,以各各方面的性质去观照、省察。
82. Evaṃ nandiyāvaṭṭassa nayassa bhūmiṃ niddisitvā idāni tassa disābhūtadhamme niddisantena yasmā cassa disābhūtadhammesu vuttesu disālocananayo vuttoyeva hoti, tasmā ‘‘veyyākaraṇesu hi ye kusalākusalā’’ti disālocanalakkhaṇaṃ ekadesena paccāmasitvā ‘‘te duvidhā upaparikkhitabbā’’tiādi āraddhaṃ. Tattha teti disābhūtadhammā. Duvidhāti ‘‘ime saṃkilesadhammā, ime vodānadhammā’’ti evaṃ duvidhena. Upaparikkhitabbāti upapattito parito ikkhitabbā, dhammayuttito taṃtaṃdisābhāvena pekkhitabbā ālocitabbāti attho.
18为了显示以何种方式说「应以二种观察」,而说「随世间流转者与随世间还灭者」。它的意思是:世间本身就是流转,所以叫「世间流转」。随顺世间流转性而转起的,就是「随世间流转者」,意思是杂染法。世间之还灭,或者从世间还灭,就是「世间还灭」,指涅槃。随顺涅槃而行的,就是「随世间还灭者」,意思是清净法。因此说:「流转即是轮回,还灭即是涅槃。」
Yaṃ pakāraṃ sandhāya ‘‘duvidhā upaparikkhitabbā’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ dasseti ‘‘lokavaṭṭānusārī ca lokavivaṭṭānusārī cā’’ti. Tassattho – loko eva vaṭṭaṃ lokavaṭṭaṃ. Lokavaṭṭabhāvena anusarati pavattatīti lokavaṭṭānusārī, saṃkilesadhammoti attho. Lokassa, lokato vā vivaṭṭaṃ lokavivaṭṭaṃ, nibbānaṃ. Taṃ anusarati anulomanavasena gacchatīti lokavivaṭṭānusārī, vodānadhammoti attho. Tenevāha – ‘‘vaṭṭaṃ nāma saṃsāro, vivaṭṭaṃ nibbāna’’nti.
19「那应如何见?」:即那应如何、以什么方式见呢?以「已积聚」的方式。如同所造的业具有给予果报的能力,这样所造的业就称为「已积聚」。在这样已积聚的状态下,才名为业,意思是成为异熟轮回的因。一切烦恼应以四种颠倒来说明,因为十种烦恼都以颠倒为因。那么这些颠倒应在哪里见呢?回答:「于十事之烦恼聚中」,意思是在十种因的烦恼聚中。其中,烦恼本身也是烦恼事,烦恼的缘法也是烦恼事。其中,以因性的缘故,先前已成就的烦恼,对后来诸烦恼成为缘,所以烦恼也是烦恼事。非理作意,以及被非理作意所护念的法,由于是烦恼生起的因,作为烦恼的缘,也应视为烦恼事。
Taṃkathaṃ daṭṭhabbanti taṃ kathaṃ kena pakārena daṭṭhabbanti ce? Upacayena. Yathā kataṃ kammaṃ phaladānasamatthaṃ hoti, tathā kataṃ upacitanti vuccati. Evaṃ upacitabhāve kammaṃ nāma hoti, vipākavaṭṭassa kāraṇaṃ hotīti attho. Sabbepi kilesā catūhi vipallāsehi niddisitabbā, dasannampi kilesānaṃ vipallāsahetubhāvato. Te kattha daṭṭhabbāti te pana vipallāsā kattha passitabbāti āha – ‘‘dasa vatthuke kilesapuñje’’ti. Dasavidhakāraṇe kilesasamūheti attho. Tattha kilesāpi kilesavatthu, kilesānaṃ paccayadhammāpi kilesavatthu. Tesu kāraṇabhāvena purimasiddhā kilesā parato paresaṃ kilesānaṃ paccayabhāvato kilesāpi kilesavatthu. Ayonisomanasikāro, ayonisomanasikāraparikkhatā ca dhammā kilesuppattihetubhāvato kilesappaccayāpi kilesavatthūti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
20「四食」这里,以食为纲,也包括它所缘境的烦恼。「四识住」中也是同样的道理。以「第一食」等开示,说明在十事烦恼聚中,前前的为后后的因。其中,于第一食,即在作为所缘境的第一食中生起第一颠倒。其余诸食也是如此。于第一颠倒,即第一颠倒未被断除时,第一取便生起。其余诸句也是如此。这里需要说明的,将在释义中仔细讲。
Cattāroāhārāti ettha āhārasīsena tabbisayā kilesāpi adhippetā. Catasso viññāṇaṭṭhitiyoti etthāpi eseva nayo. ‘‘Paṭhame āhāre’’tiādinā dasavatthuke kilesapuñje purimaṃ purimaṃ pacchimassa pacchimassa kāraṇanti dasseti. Tattha paṭhame āhāreti visayabhūte paṭhame āhāre paṭhamo vipallāso pavattatīti attho. Sesāhāresupi eseva nayo. Paṭhame vipallāseti paṭhame vipallāse appahīne sati paṭhamaṃ upādānaṃ pavattatīti attho. Sesapadesupi eseva nayo. Yaṃ panettha vattabbaṃ, taṃ niddeseyeva kathayissāma.
8383. 现在,将十事烦恼聚依爱与无明分为两部分,说「且抟食」等。其中,不遍知抟食与触食的爱行人,对于身体和感受依次有强烈的欲贪,这样,从随烦恼之欲贪作为因的角度,说「且抟食与触食,是爱行人的随烦恼」。同样,不遍知意思食与识食的见行人,对于这些食生起有我想、常想,依照所说的道理,说它们是见行人的随烦恼。同样,前两种颠倒以及前两组取、轭、缚、漏、暴流、箭、识住、趣、所趣,因为以爱为增上、有爱的自性、是爱的对象,而说为爱行人的随烦恼。后边的那些法,则以见为增上、有见的自性、是见的对象,而说为见行人的随烦恼,应当这样理解。
83. Idāni dasavatthukaṃ kilesapuñjaṃ taṇhāvijjāvasena dve koṭṭhāse karonto ‘‘yo ca kabaḷīkāro āhāro’’tiādimāha. Tattha kabaḷīkārāhāraṃ phassāhārañca aparijānantassa taṇhācaritassa yathākkamaṃ kāyavedanāsu tibbo chandarāgo hoti, iti upakkilesassa chandarāgassa hetubhāvato yo ca kabaḷīkāro āhāro, yo ca phasso āhāro, ime taṇhācaritassa puggalassa upakkilesāti vuttā. Tathā manosañcetanāhāraṃ viññāṇāhārañca aparijānanto diṭṭhicarito tesu attasaññī niccasaññī ca hotīti vuttanayeneva te diṭṭhicaritassa puggalassa upakkilesāti vuttā. Tathā purimakā dve vipallāsā purimakāni eva ca dve dveupādānayogaganthāsavaoghasallaviññāṇaṭṭhitiagatigamanāni taṇhāpadhānattā taṇhāsabhāvattā taṇhāvisayattā ca taṇhācaritassa upakkilesāti vuttā. Pacchimakāni pana tāni diṭṭhipadhānattā diṭṭhisabhāvattā diṭṭhivisayattā ca diṭṭhicaritassa upakkilesāti vuttāti daṭṭhabbā.
8484. 在抟食上,有「于不净为净」的颠倒。在四食中,于抟食,又在四颠倒中,应当观察「于不净为净」的颠倒,因为抟食有不净的自性、不净的生起。同样,由于触食有苦的自性、苦的缘,所以在它上面特别有「于苦为乐」的颠倒。同样,大多数有情对识起常想,对行起我想,而且诸行以思为增上,所以说「于识食……为我」的颠倒。住于第一颠倒的人,执取诸欲,也就是「于不净为净」的颠倒执取者,以烦恼欲强力执取事欲。这就称为欲取,这样执取诸欲,就叫做欲取。「于苦为乐」的颠倒执取者,强力执取「通过戒禁取,来世清净,那便是寂灭乐」。「于无常为常」的颠倒执取者,强力执取「一切有是常、恒、永住、不变易之法」的欣求轮回的有身见。「于无我为我」的颠倒执取者,强力执取「如果没有我,谁造业、谁受果,所以造作者就是受者」的我见。以「住于第二颠倒」等显示这个意思。
84.Kabaḷīkāre āhāre ‘‘asubhe subha’’nti vipallāsoti catūsu āhāresu kabaḷīkāre āhāre catūsu ca vipallāsesu ‘‘asubhe subha’’nti vipallāso daṭṭhabbo kabaḷīkārāhārassa asubhasabhāvattā asubhasamuṭṭhānattā ca. Tathā phassāhārassa dukkhasabhāvattā dukkhapaccayattā ca visesato tattha ‘‘dukkhe sukha’’nti vipallāso. Tathā yebhuyyena sattā viññāṇe niccasaññino, saṅkhāresu ca attasaññino, cetanāpadhānā ca saṅkhārāti vuttaṃ – ‘‘viññāṇe āhāre…pe… attāti vipallāso’’ti. Paṭhame vipallāse ṭhito kāme upādiyatīti ‘‘asubhe subha’’nti vipariyesaggāhī kilesakāmena vatthukāme daḷhaṃ gaṇhāti . Idaṃ vuccati kāmupādānanti yaṃ tathā kāmānaṃ gahaṇaṃ, idaṃ vuccati kāmupādānaṃ. ‘‘Dukkhe sukha’’nti vipariyesaggāhī ‘‘sīlabbatehi anāgate bhavavisuddhīti taṃ nibbutisukha’’nti daḷhaṃ gaṇhāti. ‘‘Anicce nicca’’nti vipariyesaggāhī ‘‘sabbe bhavā niccā dhuvā sassatā avipariṇāmadhammā’’ti saṃsārābhinandiniṃ bhavadiṭṭhiṃ daḷhaṃ gaṇhāti. ‘‘Anattani attā’’ti vipariyesaggāhī ‘‘asati attani kassidaṃ kammaphalaṃ, tasmā so karoti, so paṭisaṃvedetī’’ti attadiṭṭhiṃ daḷhaṃ gaṇhātīti imamatthaṃ dasseti ‘‘dutiye vipallāse ṭhito’’tiādinā.
23「此名为欲轭」:因为以这个称为欲贪的欲取,有情与事欲一起被系缚,这个欲贪就称为「欲轭」。「此名为有轭」:因为从这称为戒禁取的有取,有情与有一起被系缚,这个有贪就称为「有轭」。「此名为见轭」:因为以这种称为无因见等的恶见,以及除去身见等的其余诸见,有情与苦一起被系缚,这种恶见就称为「见轭」。「此名为无明轭」:因为以此我语取,以及整个轮回之苦,有情一起被系缚,这个无明就称为「无明轭」。
Ayaṃ vuccati kāmayogoti yena kāmarāgasaṅkhātena kāmupādānena vatthukāmehi saha satto saṃyojīyati, ayaṃ kāmarāgo ‘‘kāmayogo’’ti vuccati. Ayaṃ vuccati bhavayogoti yato sīlabbatupādānasaṅkhātena bhavupādānena bhavena saha satto saṃyojīyati, ayaṃ bhavarāgo ‘‘bhavayogo’’ti vuccati. Ayaṃ vuccati diṭṭhiyogoti yāya ahetukadiṭṭhiādisaṅkhātāya pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā, sakkāyadiṭṭhiādiavasiṭṭhadiṭṭhiyā ca satto dukkhena saha saṃyojīyati, ayaṃ pāpikā diṭṭhi ‘‘diṭṭhiyogo’’ti vuccati. Ayaṃ vuccati avijjāyogoti yāya attavādupādānena sakalavaṭṭadukkhena ca saha satto saṃyojīyati, ayaṃ avijjā ‘‘avijjāyogo’’ti vuccati.
24然而,因为欲轭等是贪欲身缚等的缘,所以说「住于第一轭者,以贪欲缠缚身」等。这里,「以贪欲缠缚身」的意思,就是以那具有向外贪求特征的贪欲,来缠缚、折磨名身。同样地,由于对有(生存)的希求还未被断除,借着有身见和有贪的力量,在愤恨的对象上,有情们污染了自己的心,所以经文说「住于第二轭者,以嗔恨缠缚身」。同样地,依于见的力量和无明的力量,认定「透过戒禁取便能清净,只有这个是真实的,其余都是虚妄的」而执取,所以说「住于第三……以谛执著缠缚身」。
Yasmā pana kāmayogādayo abhijjhākāyaganthādīnaṃ paccayā honti, tasmā ‘‘paṭhame yoge ṭhito abhijjhāya kāyaṃ ganthatī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha abhijjhāya kāyaṃ ganthatīti parābhijjhāyanalakkhaṇāya abhijjhāya nāmakāyaṃ ganthati ghaṭṭetīti attho. Tathā bhavapatthanāya appahīnattā bhavadiṭṭhibhavarāgavasena āghātavatthūsu sattā cittāni padūsentīti āha – ‘‘dutiye yoge ṭhito byāpādena kāyaṃ ganthatī’’ti. Tathā diṭṭhivasena avijjāvasena ca sīlabbatehi sujjhati, idameva saccaṃ moghamaññanti ca abhinivisatīti āha – ‘‘tatiye…pe… idaṃsaccābhinivesena kāyaṃ ganthatī’’ti.
25「彼」指那位具足贪欲等的补特伽罗。「如是缠缚」是说像那样以贪求等方式,缠缚了名身而安住着。「漏」是指它们以漏的体性现起。又,问「从何说漏」是在问:这些烦恼是从什么因,而被称为漏呢?这正是在探询漏的因。然而,由于烦恼们会遮止善法的现起,遍取心之后便停驻在那里,或者它们就是那些尚未被道断除的漏的生起因,所以说「从随眠或从缠」。由贪欲身缚而有欲漏:意思是由贪欲身缚成就了,因为它本身就是欲贪的自性,所以欲漏也就成就了。在某些境上,由于忧,而对其相反境及那个境遍满的生存产生期盼,因此说「以嗔恚身缚,而有有漏」。由戒禁取身缚而有见漏:意思是由戒禁取身缚成就了,因为它的自性就是那个,或者是由于不断地辗转缠缚诸见,所以见漏也就成就了。由谛执著身缚而有无明漏:意思是执著「只有这个是真实的,其余都是虚妄的」人,从不正作意开始,无明漏便与众多不善法一同生起;或者说,由于一切不善法都以无明为前导,所以由谛执著身缚成就了,作为它的因的无明漏也就成就了。
Tassāti tassa abhijjhādīhi samannāgatassa puggalassa. Evaṃ ganthitāti evaṃ abhijjhāyanādivasena nāmakāyaṃ ganthitvā ṭhitā. Āsavantīti āsavabhāvena pavattanti. Kuto ca vuccati āsavantīti kuto pana hetuto te kilesā āsavantīti āsavahetuṃ pucchati. Yasmā pana kilesā kusalappavattiṃ nivāretvā cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhantā, maggena asamucchinnā eva vā āsavānaṃ uppattihetu honti, tasmā ‘‘anusayato vā pariyuṭṭhānato vā’’ti vuttaṃ. Abhijjhākāyaganthena kāmāsavoti abhijjhākāyaganthena siddhena kāmarāgasabhāvattā kāmāsavo siddho hoti. Katthacideva visaye domanassito tappaṭipakkhe visaye tabbisayabahule ca bhave patthetīti āha – ‘‘byāpādakāyaganthena bhavāsavo’’ti. Parāmāsakāyaganthena diṭṭhāsavoti sīlabbataparāmāsakāyaganthena siddhena taṃsabhāvattā aparāparaṃ vā diṭṭhiyo ganthentassa diṭṭhāsavo siddho hoti. Idaṃsaccābhinivesakāyaganthena avijjāsavoti ‘‘idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’’nti abhinivisantassa ayonisomanasikārato anekehi akusalehi dhammehi saddhiṃ avijjāsavo uppajjati, sabbesaṃ vā akusaladhammānaṃ avijjāpubbaṅgamattā idaṃsaccābhinivesakāyaganthena siddhena tassa hetubhūto avijjāsavo siddho hoti.
26然而,由于这些漏增长之后,在轮回里会让人沉溺、淹没,所以称它们为「暴流」,因此说「他有了这四个漏」等。
Yasmā pana āsavā eva paribuddhā vaṭṭasmiṃ ohananti osādentīti ‘‘oghā’’ti vuccanti, tasmā vuttaṃ – ‘‘tassa ime cattāro āsavā’’tiādi.
27「与随眠俱行」的意思是:它们并未排斥随眠的体性而现起,也就是已经生起了,或者本身就是随眠。「意欲」指心。「随入」即深深进入。「安立触心而住」是说它们撞进了称为心内里的心脏之后,就停驻在那里。诚如《法集论注》所说的:「以内里义为心脏。」由此,被称为「箭」:因为它们随入意欲,安立触心而住,所以叫作「箭」。能令生起恼苦,又难以拔除,这就是箭的含义。以执取「这是我的我」为门,才会有「我是这个」的执取,也就是依止于见,也会生起慢,所以说「以见暴流,有慢箭」。
Anusayasahagatāti anusayabhāvaṃ appaṭikkhipitvā gatā pavattā, anusayabhūtā vā. Ajjhāsayanti cittaṃ. Anupaviṭṭhāti ogāḷhā. Hadayaṃ āhacca tiṭṭhantīti cittassa abbhantarasaṅkhātaṃ hadayaṃ āhantvā tiṭṭhanti. Tathā hi vuttaṃ aṭṭhasāliniyaṃ (dha. sa. aṭṭha. 5) ‘‘abbhantaraṭṭhena hadaya’’nti. Tena vuccanti sallāti yasmā ajjhāsayaṃ anupaviṭṭhā hadayaṃ āhacca tiṭṭhanti, tena vuccanti ‘‘sallā’’ti. Pīḷājananaṃ duruddharaṇatā ca sallaṭṭho. ‘‘Eso me attā’’ti gahaṇamukhena ‘‘esohamasmī’’ti gahaṇaṃ hotīti diṭṭhiṃ nissāyapi mānaṃ jappentīti āha ‘‘diṭṭhoghena mānasallo’’ti.
28「已被遍取」是指不给其他任何机会,全方位地执取。「于四法而住」是指,由于所缘缘的关系,安住在那成为所缘的四种法上。显示这四法的自相,就说「于色、于受、于想、于行」。「以喜浇灌」:与贪俱行的相应喜,在俱生方面称为浇灌;其他情况则在亲依止方面称为浇灌,总称为喜浇灌,这是以喜浇灌来说明。又,什么才是这喜浇灌呢?回答是:「以贪箭,以喜浇灌之识」。
Pariyādinnanti aññassa okāsaṃ adatvā samantato gahitaṃ. Catūsu dhammesu saṇṭhahatīti ārammaṇapaccayatāya ārammaṇabhūtesu catūsu dhammesu patiṭṭhahati. Tāni sarūpato dasseti ‘‘rūpe vedanāya saññāya saṅkhāresū’’ti. Nandūpasecanenāti lobhasahagatassa sampayuttā nandī sahajātakoṭiyā , itarassa upanissayakoṭiyā upasecananti nandūpasecanaṃ, tena nandūpasecanena. Kena pana taṃ nandūpasecananti āha – ‘‘rāgasallena nandūpasecanena viññāṇenā’’ti.
29这里,「以贪箭」是表示状态的具格,指以贪箭为因的喜浇灌之识。「色行识住」:因为色被取作所缘而行往,又因为它是识的安住处,所以称为色行识住。能安住在这里,所以叫作「住」。在五蕴有当中,行作识正是依止色蕴而安住。「以嗔箭」是指以俱生的嗔箭。当说到受行识住时,应当理解为仅由亲依止方面被喜浇灌的识。这里的受,也仅仅是忧受。而当说以亲依止缘的嗔箭为受行识住时,应当理解为由俱生方面,或者由亲依止方面被喜浇灌的识。然而,这里的受三者,是因为三受对于三种受都有所缘亲依止的关系。其中,第一种理趣是就系属忧所缘的行作识而说的。第二种理趣则也应看做是就一切受所缘而说的。
Tattha rāgasallenāti rāgasallena hetubhūtena nandūpasecanena viññāṇenāti itthambhūtalakkhaṇe karaṇavacanaṃ. Rūpūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhitīti rūpameva ārammaṇakaraṇavasena upagantabbato, viññāṇassa patiṭṭhābhāvato ca rūpūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti. Tiṭṭhati etthāti ṭhiti. Pañcavokārabhavasmiñhi abhisaṅkhāraviññāṇaṃ rūpakkhandhaṃ nissāya tiṭṭhati. Dosasallenāti sahajātena dosasallena. Yadā vedanūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti vuccati, tadā upanissayakoṭiyāva nandiyā upasittaṃ viññāṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Vedanāpi domanassavedanāva. Yadā ca upanissayapaccayabhūtena dosasallena vedanūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti vuccati, tadā sahajātakoṭiyā, upanissayakoṭiyā vā nandiyā upasittaṃ viññāṇaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Vedanā pana tissopi tissannaṃ vedanānaṃ ārammaṇūpanissayabhāvato. Tattha paṭhamanayo domanassārammaṇassa abhisaṅkhāraviññāṇassa vasena vutto. Dutiyo sabbavedanārammaṇassa vasenāpi daṭṭhabbaṃ.
30「以慢箭」是指以俱生的慢箭,或者以作为亲依止的慢箭。「以痴箭」这里也是同样的道理。而且在此处,应当这样看待:在无始的轮回里,女人和男人因为对色貌的贪爱,所以由贪箭之力,对应了第一识住。在一切受当中,确实都含有苦的一面,而对于苦,嗔随眠会随之而眠,因此由嗔箭之力,对应了第二识住。依于想,会有「我是胜妙的」这种骄慢心,所以由慢箭之力,对应了第三识住。在诸行中,由于蕴聚的密集难以分解,所以由痴箭之力,对应了第四识住。应当如此理解。
Mānasallenāti mānasallena sahajātena, upanissayabhūtena vā. Mohasallenāti etthāpi eseva nayo. Ettha ca anādimatisaṃsāre itthipurisā rūpābhirāmāti rāgasallavasena paṭhamā viññāṇaṭṭhiti yojitā. Sabbāyapi vedanāya dukkhapariyāyasabbhāvato dukkhāya ca doso anusetīti dosasallavasena dutiyā, saññāvasena ‘‘seyyohamasmī’’ti maññanā hotīti mānasallavasena tatiyā, saṅkhāresu samūhaghanaṃ dubbinibbhoganti mohasallavasena catutthī viññāṇaṭṭhiti yojitāti daṭṭhabbā.
31「已支撑的」是指被作为依靠所缘的识住所支持。而所谓业,就是之前提到的「思及心所法」。「这些烦恼」是指这些以十事为根基的烦恼。其余的就容易了解了。
Upatthaddhanti olubbhārammaṇabhūtāhi viññāṇaṭṭhitīhi upatthambhitaṃ. Tañca kammanti yaṃ ‘‘cetanā cetasika’’nti pubbe (netti. 82) vuttaṃ. Ime ca kilesāti ime ca dasavatthukā kilesā. Sesaṃ suviññeyyameva.
85现在,为了从杂染分方面,以方向的方式来确定食等理趣,而开始说「这四种方向」等,那很容易理解。接着,开始说「抟食」等,正是为了分别显示哪一类人的随染会在食等上面生起。其中,「十经」是在部分上以整体名称而说的。因为施设于整体的名称,在部分上也能见到,就像说「布被烧了」「海被看见了」那样。「一义」是因为它完成了一个意义而这样说。「只是文句种种」:这里,应知通过把握文句,文句的意义也被把握了。由这十句经文,全都是在说有依处的渴爱。而渴爱能迅速染污贪行的人,所以说:「这些是贪行人的随染。」正如以第一种方向所说的法是贪行人的随染,同样,以第二种方向所说的法是嗔行人的随染。以第三、第四种方向所说的法,依次是见行人中钝根和利根的随染。它们被称为随染,应依照前面所说的道理来理解。
85. Idāni āhārādayo nayānaṃ saṃkilesapakkhe disābhāvena vavatthapetuṃ ‘‘imā catasso disā’’tiādi āraddhaṃ, taṃ uttānameva. Puna kabaḷīkāro āhārotiādi āhārādīsuyeva yassa puggalassa upakkilesā, taṃ vibhajitvā dassetuṃ āraddhaṃ. Tattha dasannaṃ suttānanti ekadesesu samudāyavohārena vuttaṃ. Samudāyesu hi pavattā samaññā avayavesupi dissati , ‘‘yathā paṭo daḍḍho, samuddo diṭṭho’’ti ca. Eko atthoti ekassa atthassa nipphādanato vuttaṃ. Byañjanameva nānanti ettha byañjanaggahaṇena byañjanatthopi gahitoti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Dasahipi suttapadehi savatthukā taṇhā vuttā. Taṇhā ca rāgacaritaṃ puggalaṃ khippaṃ dūsetīti āha – ‘‘ime rāgacaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā’’ti. Yathā ca paṭhamadisābhāvena vuttadhammā rāgacaritassa upakkilesā, evaṃ dutiyadisābhāvena vuttadhammā dosacaritassa. Tatiyacatutthadisābhāvena vuttadhammā yathākkamaṃ diṭṭhicaritassa mandassa tikkhassa ca upakkilesā vuttā. Tesaṃ upakkilesabhāvo vuttanayānusārena veditabbo.
33食颠倒等,虽然在前行阶段可以依三解脱门随宜地遍知和应断,但由于苦随观在前两种食中,多数时候以苦相生起,依此力量,抟食和触食是由无愿解脱门而进入遍知,这样说。其余也可同理理解。而且这件事正是如此,并非别样。因为不像在圣道中,对于应断的法,解脱门与应遍知应断的法之间并没有固定的决定关系。因此,一切随顺世间流转的法都出离,这些世间由三解脱门而出离,这是总结语。它的意思是:如此所说的这一切食等,都是名叫「世间随顺流转」的法,这些成为世间的状态,由无常随观等三解脱门而从流转中出离。
Āhāravipallāsādayo yadipi sabbehi tīhi vimokkhamukhehi pubbabhāge yathārahaṃ pariññeyyā pahātabbā ca. Yassa pana dukkhānupassanā purime āhāradvaye dukkhākārena bahulaṃ pavattati, tassa vasena yo ca kabaḷīkāro āhāro, yo ca phasso āhāro, ime appaṇihitena vimokkhamukhena pariññaṃ gacchantīti vuttaṃ. Esa nayo sesesu. Evañcetaṃ, na aññathā. Na hi ariyamaggānaṃ viya pahātabbesu vimokkhamukhānaṃ pariññeyyapahātabbesu koci niyamo sambhavati. Iti sabbe lokavaṭṭānusārino dhammā niyyanti, te lokā tīhi vimokkhamukhehīti nigamanaṃ. Tassattho – iti evaṃ vuttappakārā sabbe āhārādayo lokasaṅkhātavaṭṭānusārino dhammā te lokabhūtā vaṭṭato niyyanti aniccānupassanādīhi tīhi vimokkhamukhehīti.
86这样指出了杂染分中作为方向的法之后,现在为了显示清净分中作为方向的法,而说「四道」等。其中,天住、梵住、圣住、不动住——这是四种住。断慢、彻底断尽阿赖耶、断无明、诸有寂止——这是四种稀有未曾有法。谛依处等四种依处。欲定修习等四种定修习。守护根门、称为苦行的福德法、觉支修习、称为舍离一切依的涅槃——应知这四种是乐分法。
86. Evaṃ saṃkilesapakkhe disābhūtadhamme niddisitvā idāni vodānapakkhe disābhūtadhamme dassetuṃ ‘‘catasso paṭipadā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha dibbabrahmaariyaāneñjavihāroti cattāro vihārā. Mānappahānaālayasamugghātaavijjāpahānabhavūpasamā cattāro acchariyā abbhutā dhammā. Saccādhiṭṭhānādīni cattāri adhiṭṭhānāni. Chandasamādhibhāvanādayo catasso samādhibhāvanā. Indriyasaṃvaro tapasaṅkhāto puññadhammo bojjhaṅgabhāvanā sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggasaṅkhātaṃ nibbānañcāti cattāro sukhabhāgiyā dhammā veditabbāti.
35「第一道」等,是显示道与念处等并非不同的。如果这样,为什么又要单独取它们说明呢?是为了显示与十事烦恼聚相对立的特性,所以才作了道等十种解说。正如接下来会说的:「四食,它们的对立是四道」等等。虽然在四念处中,并没有「这个念处只能由这条道成就」这样的定则,但因为依第一道会有第一念处成立的可能,所以就依这种可能性而说:「第一道,第一念处」。然而,并不像食颠倒等那样,道与念处等在意义上其实没有差别。实际上,正是当这些念处被如此修习时,它们才成为苦行道钝悟等名称。因此,如同在杂染分中,根据不同情况而说「在第一食有第一颠倒」等,这里不根据不同情况,而说「第一道,第一念处」等。其余各句也是同样的道理。
Paṭhamā paṭipadātiādi paṭipadāsatipaṭṭhānādīnaṃ abhedasandassanaṃ. Yadi evaṃ kasmā visuṃ gahaṇaṃ katanti? Dasavatthukassa kilesapuñjassa paṭipakkhabhāvadassanatthaṃ paṭipadādidasakaniddeso. Tathā hi vakkhati – ‘‘cattāro āhārā tesaṃ paṭipakkho catasso paṭipadā’’tiādi (netti. 87). Kiñcāpi catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu ‘‘idaṃ nāma satipaṭṭhānaṃ imāya eva paṭipadāya ijjhatī’’ti niyamo natthi, tathāpi paṭhamāya paṭipadāya paṭhamaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ sambhavatīti sambhavavasena evaṃ vuttaṃ – ‘‘paṭhamā paṭipadā, paṭhamaṃ satipaṭṭhāna’’nti. Yasmā pana āhāravipallāsādīnaṃ viya paṭipadāsatipaṭṭhānādīnaṃ atthato nānattaṃ natthi. Satipaṭṭhānāniyeva hi tathā tathā paṭipajjamānāni dukkhāpaṭipadādandhābhiññādināmakāni honti, tasmā yathā saṃkilesapakkhe ‘‘paṭhame āhāre paṭhamo vipallāso’’tiādinā adhikaraṇabhedena vuttaṃ, evaṃ adhikaraṇabhedaṃ akatvā ‘‘paṭhamā paṭipadā, paṭhamaṃ satipaṭṭhāna’’ntiādi vuttaṃ. Sesesupi eseva nayo.
36「稀有」:就像盲人登山,只是偶尔才会发生,是值得赞叹的稀有;古人说这是应合掌赞叹的稀有。「未曾有」:指以前未曾有过而现在有了。这两者都是令人惊叹的同义词。因为除了断慢等以外,其他更难以成就、更值得惊叹的事是不可得的。「依处」:以此而安立,或者在此仅是安立处,所以称为依处。「谛依处」:既是谛又是依处;或者是谛的依处;或者以此为谛、为依处,所以称为谛依处。其余类推。「定修习」:定本身是应当修习的,所以称为定修习。「乐分」:能分享乐,或是属于乐的那一部分的利益,所以称为乐分。「无量」:不像一个人修不净观等那样局限于一部分,而是无遗地遍取一切,没有限量可得,所以称为无量。
Andhassa pabbatārohanaṃ viya kadācideva uppajjanakaṃ acchariyaṃ, accharāyoggaṃ acchariyanti porāṇā. Abhūtapubbaṃ bhūtanti abbhutaṃ. Ubhayampetaṃ vimhayāvahassa adhivacanaṃ. Na hi mānappahānādito aññaṃ durabhisambhavataraṃ vimhanīyañca upalabbhatīti adhitiṭṭhati etena, ettha vā adhiṭṭhānamattameva vā tanti adhiṭṭhānaṃ. Saccañca taṃ adhiṭṭhānañca, saccassa vā adhiṭṭhānaṃ, saccaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ etassāti vā saccādhiṭṭhānaṃ. Sesesupi eseva nayo. Samādhi eva bhāvetabbatāya samādhibhāvanā. Sukhaṃ bhajatīti sukhabhāgiyo, sukhabhāgassa vā sukhakoṭṭhāsassa hitoti sukhabhāgiyo. Ekassapi sattassa asubhabhāvanādayo viya ekadese avattitvā anavasesapariyādānato natthi etissā pamāṇanti appamaññā.
37「第一道已修、已多修,圆满第一念处」:意思是第一道的修习和多修习,就是第一念处修习的圆满。其余各句同理。正如在修习圣道时,念处等一切菩提分法都已经被修习一样,这里应当理解为有同样的成就。
Paṭhamā paṭipadā bhāvitā bahulīkatā paṭhamaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ paripūretīti paṭhamāya paṭipadāya bhāvanābahulīkāro paṭhamassa satipaṭṭhānassa bhāvanāpāripūrīti attho. Sesapadesupi eseva nayo. Yathā hi ariyamagge bhāvite satipaṭṭhānādayo bodhipakkhiyadhammā sabbepi bhāvitā eva honti, evaṃsampadamidaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ.
38因为身随观是欲贪的正对立法,所以说「第一念处已修、已多修,圆满对治欲贪的初禅」。同样,以感受喜等的方式运作的第二念处,圆满有喜的第二禅;以对有喜的心进行踊跃随喜的方式运作的第三念处,圆满达到极乐的第三禅;对于诸行,以无常、离欲等方式运作而保持中舍的第四念处,因为舍与念清净的状态,所以能成就第四禅的圆满。
Kāyānupassanāya kāmarāgassa ujuvipaccanīkabhāvato ‘‘paṭhamo satipaṭṭhāno bhāvito bahulīkato kāmapaṭipakkhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ paripūretī’’ti vuttaṃ. Tathā pītipaṭisaṃvedanādivasena pavattamānaṃ dutiyaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ, sappītikassa dutiyajjhānassa cittassa abhippamodanavasena pavattamānaṃ tatiyaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ ukkaṃsagatasukhassa tatiyajjhānassa aniccavirāgādivasena pavattiyā saṅkhāresu upekkhakaṃ catutthaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhibhāvato catutthajjhānassa pāripūriyā saṃvattati.
39然而,因为色界初禅对色界等至,第二禅因为远离了嗔寻思等而对梵住,第三禅因为离喜而以乐为观的依处,所以对圣住,第四禅成就了舍与念清净及不动状态,所以对不动住,这些都成为特殊的缘。因此说「初禅已修、已多修,圆满第一住」等。所以要知道:凡是成为某种特殊缘的,它就能圆满那个。
Yasmā pana rūpāvacarapaṭhamajjhānaṃ rūpāvacarasamāpattīnaṃ, dutiyajjhānaṃ byāpādavitakkādidūrībhāvena brahmavihārānaṃ, tatiyajjhānaṃ pītivirāgena sukhena vipassanāya adhiṭṭhānabhūtaṃ ariyavihārānaṃ, catutthajjhānaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiāneñjappattaṃ āneñjavihārānaṃ visesato paccayo hoti, tasmā ‘‘paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ paṭhamaṃ vihāraṃ paripūretī’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Iti yo yassa visesapaccayo, so taṃ paripūretīti vuttoti daṭṭhabbaṃ.
87现在,为了从「方向」的角度来界定清净分里的「道」等概念,经文说「于此,这些是四方向」。这部分很容易理解。接着,经文开始说「第一道」等,这是为了在四道等分类中,分别显示哪一道、哪一类人的清净。这内容和前面说明的方式是一样的。虽然在三解脱门中,并没有「只有通过这一道,才能成就叫这个名字的解脱门」这种固定规则。不过,对于有些人,他们是通过前两道,以「无愿解脱门」证得圣道的。同样地,有的人是通过第三道,以「空解脱门」证得圣道;还有的人是通过第四道,以「无相解脱门」证得圣道。基于这几类人的情况,才有了这里所说的「道」与「解脱门」的对应关系。在谈念处等与解脱门的对应关系时,道理也是如此。
87. Idāni paṭipadādayo vodānapakkhe disābhāvena vavatthapetuṃ ‘‘tattha imā catasso disā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Taṃ suviññeyyameva. Puna ‘‘paṭhamā paṭipadā’’tiādi paṭipadācatukkādīsu yena yassa puggalassa vodānaṃ, taṃ vibhajitvā dassetuṃ āraddhaṃ. Taṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayameva. Yadipi tīsu vimokkhamukhesu ‘‘idaṃ nāma vimokkhamukhaṃ imāya eva paṭipadāya ijjhatī’’ti niyamo natthi. Yesaṃ pana puggalānaṃ purimāhi dvīhi paṭipadāhi appaṇihitena vimokkhamukhena ariyamaggādhigamo. Tathā yassa tatiyāya paṭipadāya suññatavimokkhamukhena, yassa ca catutthāya paṭipadāya animittavimokkhamukhena ariyamaggādhigamo, tesaṃ puggalānaṃ vasena ayaṃ paṭipadāvimokkhamukhasaṃsandanā. Satipaṭṭhānādīhi vimokkhamukhasaṃsandanāyapi eseva nayo.
41「他们的嬉戏」是指那些无所畏惧、具有力量与精进等特质的狮子——也就是佛陀、辟支佛与佛弟子——的嬉戏,也就是他们的活动方式。这指的是,通过超越「食」等烦恼的所依,在自己与他人身心相续中成就「道」等。现在,为了说明「食」等是如何被「道」等超越的,以及它们彼此是对立的,经文说:「四食是它们的对立面,四道也是」等等。在这里,应当把「食」与「识住」应被断除的这一点,理解为是基于对它们产生障碍的「欲贪」。这里所说的「嬉戏是修习与证得」等,其简要含义是:在「他们的嬉戏」中,所谓「嬉戏」,就是指对于应修习的菩提分法进行修习,以及对应证的果与涅槃进行证得。同样地,对于应断除的那十个事为基础的烦恼聚集,以彼分断等方式断除、消灭,令其完全无余。现在,为了简要地显示这一点,经文说:「根安立是嬉戏,颠倒的不安立」
Tesaṃ vikkīḷitanti tesaṃ asantāsanajavaparakkamādivisesayogena sīhānaṃ buddhānaṃ paccekabuddhānaṃ buddhasāvakānañca vikkīḷitaṃ viharaṇaṃ. Yadidaṃ āhārādikilesavatthusamatikkamanamukhena saparasantāne paṭipadādisampādanā. Idāni āhārādīnaṃ paṭipadādīhi yena samatikkamanaṃ, taṃ nesaṃ paṭipakkhabhāvaṃ dassento ‘‘cattāro āhārā tesaṃ paṭipakkho catassopaṭipadā’’tiādimāha. Tattha tesaṃ paṭipakkhabhāvo pahātabbabhāvo pahāyakabhāvo ca āhāraviññāṇaṭṭhitīnañcettha pahātabbabhāvo tappaṭibandhachandarāgavasena daṭṭhabbo. Tattha ‘‘vikkīḷitaṃ bhāvanā sacchikiriyā cā’’tiādi tassāyaṃ saṅkhepattho – tesaṃ vikkīḷitanti ettha yadetaṃ vikkīḷitaṃ nāma bhāvetabbānaṃ bodhipakkhiyadhammānaṃ bhāvanā, sacchikātabbānaṃ phalanibbānānaṃ sacchikiriyā ca. Tathā pahātabbassa dasavatthukassa kilesapuñjassa tadaṅgādivasena pahānaṃ byantīkiriyā anavasesananti. Idāni taṃ saṅkhepena dassento ‘‘indriyādhiṭṭhānaṃ vikkīḷitaṃ vipariyāsānadhiṭṭhāna’’nti āha.
42「根安立」:就是让根的运作、修习与证得持续发生。「颠倒的不安立」:就是让颠倒不运作、被断除、不再生起。「诸根是正法行境」:这里的意思是,诸根是正法的活动范围,也就是活动的因,这是指「信根」等。「诸颠倒是烦恼行境」:诸颠倒是染污那一方的活动处所、活动的因。以上这些,被称为「狮子嬉戏理趣的基础」:也就是说,通过「四食」等,对染污分中的十个四法组,以及通过「四道」等,对清净分中的十个四法组,以分析渴爱行者等人的随烦恼与清净作为切入点,来进行简择,这就叫做「狮子嬉戏理趣的基础」。
Indriyādhiṭṭhānanti indriyānaṃ pavattanaṃ bhāvanā sacchikiriyā ca. Vipariyāsānadhiṭṭhānanti vipallāsānaṃ apavattanaṃ pahānaṃ anuppādanaṃ. Indriyāni saddhammagocaroti indriyāni cettha saddhammassa gocarabhūtāni pavattihetūti adhippetāni saddhindriyādīnīti attho. Vipariyāsā kilesagocaroti vipallāsā saṃkilesapakkhassa pavattiṭṭhānaṃ pavattihetūti. Ayaṃ vuccati sīhavikkīḷitassa nayassa bhūmīti yāyaṃ ‘‘cattāro āhārā’’tiādinā saṃkilesapakkhe dasannaṃ catukkānaṃ, ‘‘catasso paṭipadā’’tiādinā vodānapakkhepi dasannaṃ catukkānaṃ taṇhācaritādīnaṃ upakkilesavodānavibhāvanāmukhena niddhāraṇā, ayaṃ sīhavikkīḷitassa nayassa bhūmi nāma.
88现在,由于希望借由「略开知者」等三种人的分类,来阐明「三莲花理趣」的基础,而且因为各种理趣是应该相互融摄的,所以「三莲花理趣」是从「狮子嬉戏理趣」中衍生出来的。因此,在依据修行道的分类,指出了作为「狮子嬉戏理趣」基础的四种人之后,为了从这四种人中简择出「略开知者」等三种人,经文便开始了「于此,那些以苦之道……」的说明。在这里,「这些是两种人」,指的是依据前两种道而成就的两种人。对于其余的情况,道理也是如此。另外,「于此,那些以苦之道……」这一段,是为了从前面说的四种人中,简择出「略开知者」等三种人而说的。在这里,所谓「共通的」是什么?意思是,一个人或者通过「苦行道」但「速通达」,或者通过「乐行道」但「迟通达」而成就的,这两者有所关联。那么,两种道怎么可能同时存在于一个人身上呢?不应该这样去理解。不是说在同一个人、同一个所缘境上,有两种道同时存在。这里的意思是,在前面所说的两种道中,不论他通过哪一种道成就,这个人就是「广演知者」。因为《殊胜义论》(《法集论注》)在探讨「道是变,还是不变」的问题时,结论是「会变」,所以,即使是同一个修行人,在不同的禅那阶段与道果阶段之间,其修行道出现差异,这正是论师所认可的。
88. Idāni ugghaṭitaññuādipuggalattayavasena tipukkhalanayassa bhūmiṃ vibhāvetukāmo yasmā pana nayānaṃ aññamaññānuppavesassa icchitattā sīhavikkīḷitanayato tipukkhalanayo niggacchati, tasmā paṭipadāvibhāgato cattāro puggale sīhavikkīḷitanayassa bhūmiṃ niddisitvā tato eva ugghaṭitaññuādipuggalattaye niddhāretuṃ ‘‘tattha ye dukkhāya paṭipadāyā’’tiādi āraddhaṃ. Tattha ime dve puggalāti ime purimānaṃ dvinnaṃ paṭipadānaṃ vasena dve puggalā. Esa nayo itaratthāpi. Puna ‘‘tattha ye dukkhāya paṭipadāyā’’tiādi yathāvuttapuggalacatukkato ugghaṭitaññuādipuggalattayaṃ niddhāretuṃ vuttaṃ. Tattha yo sādhāraṇāyāti dukkhāpaṭipadāya khippābhiññāya, sukhāpaṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya ca niyyātīti sambandho. Kathaṃ pana paṭipadādvayaṃ ekassa sambhavatīti? Nayidamevaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ekassa puggalassa ekasmiṃ dve paṭipadā sambhavantīti. Yathāvuttāsu pana dvīsu paṭipadāsu yo yāya kāyaci niyyāti, ayaṃ vipañcitaññūti ayamettha adhippāyo. Yasmā pana aṭṭhasāliniyaṃ (dha. sa. aṭṭha. 350) paṭipadā calati na calatīti vicāraṇāyaṃ ‘‘calatī’’ti vuttaṃ, tasmā ekassapi puggalassa jhānantaramaggantaresu paṭipadābhedo icchitovāti.
44「于此,世尊……」等,通过说法开示的分类,也同样在阐明那个人的分类。那与前面所说的道理相同。其中,「增上心」指增上心学,而「和」字被省略了。由此,意思是:对于广演知者,施设了增上心学与增上慧学。「增上戒」这里也是同样的道理。应理解为:增上戒学、增上心学与增上慧学。
‘‘Tattha bhagavā’’tiādinā desanāvibhāgehipi tameva puggalavibhāgaṃ vibhāveti. Taṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayameva. Tattha adhicittanti adhicittasikkhañcāti ca-saddo luttaniddiṭṭho. Tena adhicittasikkhañca adhipaññāsikkhañca vipañcitaññussa paññapetīti attho. Adhisīlanti etthāpi eseva nayo. Adhisīlasikkhaṃ adhicittasikkhaṃ adhipaññāsikkhañcāti yojetabbaṃ.
45「四成为三」:这是以词性转换的方式说的,意思是:四种人成为三种人。
Cattāri hutvā tīṇi bhavantīti liṅgavipallāsena vuttaṃ, cattāro puggalā hutvā tayo puggalā hontīti attho.
46「这是染污」:这是由不善根等组成的十二组法的集合,因为以此而染污,故称为「染污」。「这是清净」:这里也是同样的道理。
Ayaṃsaṃkilesoti ayaṃ akusalamūlādidvādasattikasaṅgaho saṃkilissati etenāti saṃkilesoti katvā. Idaṃ vodānanti etthāpi eseva nayo.
47「三成为二」:这是为了显示喜旋理趣中如同方位般呈现的法而说的。因此,经文说:「渴爱与无明」等等。这一切都很好理解。
Tīṇi hutvā dve bhavantīti nandiyāvaṭṭanayassa disābhūtadhammadassanatthaṃ vuttaṃ. Tenevāha – ‘‘taṇhā ca avijjā cā’’tiādi, taṃ sabbaṃ suviññeyyameva.
48然而,为什么这里对理趣的解说,没有按照列举的顺序来进行呢?这是为了显示理趣从理趣生起的可能性。具体来说:为了显示「从第一理趣以人为安立为基础,能生起第三理趣;从第三理趣能生起第二理趣」这一特点,所以在第一理趣之后解说了第三理趣,在第三理趣之后解说了第二理趣。另一方面,为了显示「以法为安立为基础,从第三理趣生起第二理趣,从第二理趣也能生起第一理趣」这一特点,所以在末尾用「渴爱与无明」等展示了第一理趣的基础。正是因为如此,才说「四个变成三个,三个变成两个」。如果这样,那么「两个变成四个,两个变成三个,三个变成四个」这个理趣,是不是也应该说呢?确实如此。不过,这个理趣在意义上其实已经显示了,所以没有说。因为当期望三个义理层面的理趣互相融摄时,既然有融摄,从中出离也是可能的。而且,这个含义应配合《箧藏释》来阐明。
Kasmā panettha nayānaṃ uddesānukkamena niddeso na katoti? Nayānaṃ nayehi sambhavadassanatthaṃ. Paṭhamanayato hi puggalādhiṭṭhānavasena tatiyanayassa, tatiyanayato ca dutiyanayassa sambhavoti imassa visesassa dassanatthaṃ paṭhamanayānantaraṃ tatiyanayo, tatiyanayānantarañca dutiyanayo niddiṭṭho. Dhammādhiṭṭhānavasena pana tatiyanayato dutiyanayo, dutiyanayato paṭhamanayopi sambhavatīti imassa visesassa dassanatthaṃ ante ‘‘taṇhā ca avijjā cā’’tiādinā paṭhamanayassa bhūmi dassitā. Teneva hi ‘‘cattāri hutvā tīṇi bhavanti, tīṇi hutvā dve bhavantī’’ti vuttaṃ. Yadi evaṃ ‘‘dve hutvā cattāri bhavanti, dve hutvā tīṇi bhavanti, tīṇi hutvā cattāri bhavantī’’ti ayampi nayo vattabbo siyāti? Saccametaṃ, ayaṃ pana nayo atthato dassito evāti katvā na vutto. Yasmā tiṇṇaṃ atthanayānaṃ aññamaññaṃ anuppaveso icchito, sati ca anuppavese tato viniggamopi sambhavati evāti. Ayañca attho peṭakopadesena vibhāvetabbo.
49在此,这是从最初开始的详细阐释:四种人中,渴爱行者有两种,钝根与利根。见行者也是如此。其中,钝根渴爱行者依苦行道迟通达而成就,利根渴爱行者依苦行道速通达而成就;钝根见行者则依乐行道迟通达而成就,利根见行者依乐行道速通达而成就。如此,安住于这些相应行道的渴爱行者与见行者,应通过断除对四食的障碍——即欲贪的舍断——来断除四食。修习四念处后,应观照四颠倒。一切如前所说的理趣,都应如此理解。
Tatthāyaṃ ādito paṭṭhāya vibhāvanā – cattāro puggalā taṇhācarito duvidho mudindriyo tikkhindriyo ca. Tathā diṭṭhicaritoti. Tattha taṇhācarito mudindriyo dukkhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya niyyāti, tikkhindriyo dukkhāya paṭipadāya khippābhiññāya niyyāti, diṭṭhicarito pana mudindriyo sukhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya niyyāti, tikkhindriyo sukhāya paṭipadāya khippābhiññāya niyyāti. Iti imāsu paṭipadāsu yathārahaṃ ṭhitehi taṇhācaritadiṭṭhicaritehi cattāro āhārā tappaṭibandhachandarāgappahānena pahātabbā. Cattāro satipaṭṭhāne bhāvetvā cattāro vipallāsā daṭṭhabbāti sabbo yathāvuttanayo anugantabbo.
50这里有一段圣典经文:其中,那些见行者众生,对于欲乐怀有嗔恚之见,但并非已断除对欲乐的随眠;他们致力于自我折磨的苦行。当他们的导师或某位值得尊敬的同梵行者对他们说法:「欲乐无有意义」,因为他们本来就对欲乐无有兴趣,所以能毫不费力地舍弃欲乐,他们不被内心的痛苦所占据。因此,这被称为「乐行道」。而那些渴爱行者众生,深深染着于欲乐,当他们的导师或某位比丘对他们说法:「欲乐无有意义」,他们痛苦地舍弃可爱之物。因此,这被称为「苦行道」。如此,这一切众生都归入两种行道:苦行道与乐行道。
Tatthāyaṃ pāḷi – tattha ye diṭṭhicaritā sattā, te kāmesu dosadiṭṭhī, na ca ye kāmesu anusayā samūhatā, te attakilamathānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti. Tesaṃ satthā vā dhammaṃ deseti aññataro vā garuṭṭhāniyo sabrahmacārī ‘‘kāmehi natthi attho’’ti, te ca pubbeyeva kāmehi anatthikā , iti kāme appakasirena paṭinissajjanti, te cetasikena dukkhena anajjhositā. Tena vuccati ‘‘sukhā paṭipadā’’ti. Ye pana taṇhācaritā sattā, te kāmesu ajjhositā, tesaṃ satthā vā dhammaṃ deseti aññataro vā bhikkhu ‘‘kāmehi natthi attho’’ti, te piyarūpaṃ dukkhena paṭinissajjanti. Tena vuccati ‘‘dukkhā paṭipadā’’ti. Iti ime sabbe sattā dvīsu paṭipadāsu samosaraṇaṃ gacchanti dukkhāyañca sukhāyañca.
51其中,那些见行者众生,分为两种:利根与钝根。其中,利根见行者,轻松地舍弃,且迅速地通达。因此,这被称为「乐行道速通达」。其中,钝根见行者,相较于利根者,通达较慢;他们轻松地舍弃,但通达迟缓。因此,这被称为「乐行道迟通达」。其中,渴爱行者众生,分为两种:利根与钝根。其中,利根渴爱行者,痛苦地舍弃,但迅速地通达。因此,这被称为「苦行道速通达」。其中,钝根渴爱行者,相较于利根者,通达较慢;他们痛苦地舍弃,且通达迟缓。因此,这被称为「苦行道迟通达」。这四种行道,没有第五种,也没有第六种。因为凡是已寂灭者、正寂灭者或将寂灭者,皆依此四种行道而非其他而寂灭。这个行道以四道的方式指示烦恼。在圣法中,应以四道来指示的这个理趣,即称为「狮子游戏」理趣。
Tattha ye diṭṭhicaritā sattā, te dvidhā tikkhindriyā ca mudindriyā ca. Tattha ye diṭṭhicaritā sattā tikkhindriyā, te sukhena paṭinissajjanti, khippañca abhisamenti. Tena vuccati – ‘‘sukhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā’’ti. Tattha ye diṭṭhicaritā sattā mudindriyā paṭhamaṃ tikkhindriyaṃ upādāya dandhataraṃ abhisamenti, te sukhena paṭinissajjanti, dandhañca abhisamenti. Tena vuccati – ‘‘sukhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā’’ti. Tattha taṇhācaritā sattā duvidhā tikkhindriyā ca mudindriyā ca. Tattha ye taṇhācaritā sattā tikkhindriyā, te dukkhena paṭinissajjanti, khippañca abhisamenti. Tena vuccati – ‘‘dukkhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā’’ti. Tattha ye taṇhācaritā sattā mudindriyā paṭhamaṃ tikkhindriyaṃ upādāya dandhataraṃ abhisamenti, te dukkhena paṭinissajjanti, dandhañca abhisamenti. Tena vuccati – ‘‘dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā’’ti. Imā catasso paṭipadāyo apañcamā achaṭṭhā. Ye hi keci nibbutā nibbāyanti nibbāyissanti vā imāhi catūhi paṭipadāhi anaññāhi, ayaṃ paṭipadā catukkamaggena kilese niddisati. Yā catukkamaggena ariyadhammesu niddisitabbā, ayaṃ vuccati sīhavikkīḷito nāma nayo.
52在此,这四种食、四种颠倒、取、轭、结、漏、暴流、刺、识住、非道行——像这样,所有这些一共是十项。这就是本经的会通。
Tatrime cattāro āhārā, cattāro vipallāsā upādānā yogā ganthā āsavā oghā sallā viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo agatigamanānīti evaṃ imāni sabbāni dasa padāni. Ayaṃ suttassa saṃsandanā.
53在四食当中,所谓的‘段食’与‘触食’,这两种是应该由‘渴爱行者’来断除的。而所谓的‘意思食’与‘识食’,这两种则是应该由‘见行者’来断除的。
Cattāro āhārā, tattha yo ca kabaḷīkāro āhāro, yo ca phasso āhāro, ime taṇhācaritena pahātabbā. Tattha yo ca manosañcetanāhāro, yo ca viññāṇāhāro, ime diṭṭhicaritena pahātabbā.
54在此,第一食对应第一颠倒,第二食对应第二颠倒,第三食对应第三颠倒,第四食对应第四颠倒。这四种颠倒,没有第五种和第六种。而这就是关于四食的限定。
Tattha paṭhamo āhāro paṭhamo vipallāso, dutiyo āhāro dutiyo vipallāso, tatiyo āhāro tatiyo vipallāso, catuttho āhāro catuttho vipallāso, ime cattāro vipallāsā apañcamā achaṭṭhā. Idañca pamāṇā cattāro āhārā.
55在此,住于第一颠倒者执取诸欲,这是欲取。住于第二颠倒者执取未来的有,这是戒禁取。住于第三颠倒者执取颠倒见,这是见取。住于第四颠倒者执取诸蕴为我,这是我语取。
Tattha paṭhame vipallāse ṭhito kāme upādiyati, idaṃ kāmupādānaṃ. Dutiye vipallāse ṭhito anāgataṃ bhavaṃ upādiyati, idaṃ sīlabbatupādānaṃ. Tatiye vipallāse ṭhito viparītadiṭṭhiṃ upādiyati, idaṃ diṭṭhupādānaṃ. Catutthe vipallāse ṭhito khandhe attato upādiyati, idaṃ attavādupādānaṃ.
56在此,住于欲取者以贪求结缚诸欲,这是贪求身结。住于戒禁取者结缚嗔恚,这是嗔恚身结。住于见取者结缚执取,这是执取身结。住于我语取者以戏论结缚,这是谛执著身结。
Tattha kāmupādāne ṭhito kāme abhijjhāya ganthati, ayaṃ abhijjhākāyagantho. Sīlabbatupādāne ṭhito byāpādaṃ ganthati, ayaṃ byāpādakāyagantho. Diṭṭhupādāne ṭhito parāmāsaṃ ganthati, ayaṃ parāmāsakāyagantho. Attavādupādāne ṭhito papañcento ganthati, ayaṃ idaṃsaccābhinivesakāyagantho.
57他被这些结所结缚的烦恼便漏出。然而,什么被称为漏出呢?即追悔。那些追悔即是随眠。在此,由贪求身结而有欲漏,由嗔恚身结而有有漏,由执取身结而有见漏,由谛执著身结而有无明漏。
Tassa ganthaganthitā kilesā āsavanti. Kiṃ pana vuccati āsavantīti? Vippaṭisārā. Ye vippaṭisārā, te anusayā. Tattha abhijjhākāyaganthena kāmāsavo, byāpādakāyaganthena bhavāsavo, parāmāsakāyaganthena diṭṭhāsavo, idaṃsaccābhinivesakāyaganthena avijjāsavo.
58这四种漏增长广大之后,就成为暴流,因此称为「暴流」。其中,欲漏就是「欲暴流」,有漏就是「有暴流」,无明漏就是「无明暴流」,见漏就是「见暴流」。
Te cattāro āsavā vepullaṃ gatā oghā honti, tena vuccanti ‘‘oghā’’ti. Tattha kāmāsavo kāmogho, bhavāsavo bhavogho, avijjāsavo avijjogho, diṭṭhāsavo diṭṭhogho.
59这四种暴流进入所依处,与随眠俱行,被称为刺,因为它们刺入心脏而住立。在此,欲暴流是贪刺,有暴流是嗔刺,无明暴流是痴刺,见暴流是见刺。
Te cattāro oghā āsayamanupaviṭṭhā anusayasahagatā vuccanti sallāti hadayamāhacca tiṭṭhanti. Tattha kāmogho rāgasallaṃ, bhavogho dosasallaṃ, avijjogho mohasallaṃ, diṭṭhogho diṭṭhisallaṃ.
60被这四刺所征服的识,安住于四种法:色、受、想、行。这就是四种识住。在此,以贪刺而有喜润、趋向色的识安住;以嗔刺而有趋向受的识安住;以痴刺而有趋向想的识安住;以见刺而有喜润、趋向行的识安住。
Imehi catūhi sallehi pariyādinnaṃ viññāṇaṃ catūsu dhammesu tiṭṭhati rūpe vedanāya saññāya saṅkhāresu. Imā catasso viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo. Tattha rāgasallena nandūpasecanaṃ rūpūpagaṃ viññāṇaṃ tiṭṭhati. Dosasallena vedanūpagaṃ. Mohasallena saññūpagaṃ. Diṭṭhisallena nandūpasecanaṃ saṅkhārūpagaṃ viññāṇaṃ tiṭṭhati.
61由于这四种识住,他们以四种方式行于非道:欲、嗔、怖、痴。以贪而欲行非道,以嗔而嗔行非道,以痴而痴行非道,以见而怖行非道。如此,这些业与这些烦恼,即是轮回之因。
Catūhi viññāṇaṭṭhitīhi catubbidhaṃ agatiṃ gacchanti chandā dosā bhayā mohā. Rāgena chandā agatiṃ gacchati, dosena dosā agatiṃ gacchati, mohena mohā agatiṃ gacchati, diṭṭhiyā bhayā agatiṃ gacchati, iti imāni ca kammāni ime ca kilesā ayaṃ saṃsārahetu.
62在此,第一方位是:段食、于不净中执为净的颠倒、欲取、欲轭、贪求身结、欲漏、欲暴流、贪刺、趋向色的识住、欲非道行。这是第一方位。
Tatthimā catasso disā kabaḷīkāro āhāro ‘‘asubhe subha’’nti vipallāso kāmupādānaṃ kāmayogo abhijjhākāyagantho kāmāsavo kāmogho rāgasallaṃ rūpūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti chandā agatigamanaṃ, ayaṃ paṭhamā disā.
63第二方位是:触食、于苦中执为乐的颠倒、戒禁取、有轭、嗔恚身结、有漏、有暴流、嗔刺、趋向受的识住、嗔非道行。这是第二方位。
Phasso āhāro ‘‘dukkhe sukha’’nti vipallāso sīlabbatupādānaṃ bhavayogo byāpādakāyagantho bhavāsavo bhavogho dosasallaṃ vedanūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti dosā agatigamanaṃ, ayaṃ dutiyā disā.
64第三方位是:意思食、于无我中执为我的颠倒、见取、见轭、执取身结、见漏、见暴流、见刺、趋向想的识住、怖非道行。这是第三方位。
Manosañcetanāhāro ‘‘anattani attā’’ti vipallāso diṭṭhupādānaṃ diṭṭhiyogo parāmāsakāyagantho diṭṭhāsavo diṭṭhogho diṭṭhisallaṃ saññūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti bhayā agatigamanaṃ, ayaṃ tatiyā disā.
65第四方位是:识食、于无常中执为常的颠倒、我语取、无明轭、谛执著身结、无明漏、无明暴流、痴刺、趋向行的识住、痴非道行。这是第四方位。如此,对这十句经文,以第一句观照第一方位,以第二句观照第二方位,以第三句观照第三方位,以第四句观照第四方位,这便称为方位观照。依此理,所有烦恼皆应摄入这四部分。此为不善品。
Viññāṇāhāro ‘‘anicce nicca’’nti vipallāso attavādupādānaṃ avijjāyogo idaṃsaccābhinivesokāyagantho avijjāsavo avijjogho mohasallaṃ saṅkhārūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti mohā agatigamanaṃ, ayaṃ catutthī disā. Iti imesaṃ dasannaṃ suttānaṃ paṭhamena padena paṭhamāya disāya ālokanaṃ, dutiyena padena dutiyāya disāya, tatiyena padena tatiyāya disāya, catutthena padena catutthiyā disāya ālokanaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati disā ālokanā. Iminā nayena sabbe kilesā catūsu padesu pakkhipitabbā. Ayaṃ akusalapakkho.
66有四种行道、四种禅那、四种念处、四种住:天住、梵住、圣住、不动住;有四种正勤、四种稀有未曾有法、四种依处、四种定:欲定、精进定、心定、观定;有四种属于乐分的法:不依其他,唯依觉支;不依其他,唯依苦行;不依其他,唯依根律仪;不依其他,唯依全舍;有四种无量。
Catasso paṭipadā, cattāri jhānāni, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, cattāro vihārā dibbo brahmā ariyo āneñjo, cattāro sammappadhānā, cattāro acchariyā abbhutā dhammā, cattāro adhiṭṭhānā, cattāro samādhayo chandasamādhi vīriyasamādhi cittasamādhi vīmaṃsāsamādhi, cattāro dhammā sukhabhāgiyā nāññatra bojjhaṅgā nāññatra tapasā nāññatra indriyasaṃvarā nāññatra sabbanissaggā, cattāri appamāṇāni.
67其中,当「苦行道迟通达」被修习、多修习时,圆满「初禅」;初禅圆满,圆满「初念处」;初念处圆满,圆满「初住」;初住圆满,圆满「初正勤」;初正勤圆满,圆满「初稀有未曾有法」;初稀有未曾有法圆满,圆满「初依处」;初依处圆满,圆满「欲定」;欲定圆满,圆满「根律仪」;根律仪圆满,圆满「初无量」。如此乃至「全舍」圆满「第四无量」。
Tattha dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā bhāviyamānā bahulīkariyamānā paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ paripūreti, paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ paṭhamaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ paripūreti, paṭhamaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ paṭhamaṃ vihāraṃ paripūreti, paṭhamo vihāro paripuṇṇo paṭhamaṃ sammappadhānaṃ paripūreti, paṭhamaṃ sammappadhānaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ paṭhamaṃ acchariyaṃ abbhutaṃ dhammaṃ paripūreti, paṭhamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo paripuṇṇo paṭhamaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ paripūreti, paṭhamaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ chandasamādhiṃ paripūreti, chandasamādhi paripuṇṇo indriyasaṃvaraṃ paripūreti, indriyasaṃvaro paripuṇṇo paṭhamaṃ appamāṇaṃ paripūreti. Evaṃ yāva sabbanissaggā catutthaṃ appamāṇaṃ paripūreti.
68其中,「初行道」、「初禅」、「初念处」、「天住」、「初正勤」、「初稀有未曾有法」、「谛依处」、「欲定」、「根律仪」以及「慈无量」,这是第一方位。
Tattha paṭhamā ca paṭipadā paṭhamañca jhānaṃ paṭhamañca satipaṭṭhānaṃ dibbo ca vihāro paṭhamañca sammappadhānaṃ paṭhamo ca acchariyo abbhuto dhammo saccādhiṭṭhānañca chandasamādhi ca indriyasaṃvaro ca mettā ca appamāṇaṃ. Ayaṃ paṭhamā disā.
69「第二行道(速通达)」、「第二禅」、「第二念处」、「梵住」、「第二正勤」、「第二稀有未曾有法」、「舍依处」、「心定」、「苦行」以及「悲无量」,这是第二方位。
Dutiyā ca paṭipadā khippābhiññā dutiyañca jhānaṃ dutiyañca satipaṭṭhānaṃ brahmā ca vihāro dutiyañca sammappadhānaṃ dutiyo ca acchariyo abbhuto dhammo cāgādhiṭṭhānañca cittasamādhi ca tapo ca karuṇā ca appamāṇaṃ. Ayaṃ dutiyā disā.
70「第三行道(迟通达)」、「第三禅」、「第三念处」、「圣住」、「第三正勤」、「第三稀有未曾有法」、「谛依处」、「精进定」、「觉支」以及「喜无量」,这是第三方位。
Tatiyā ca paṭipadā dandhābhiññā tatiyañca jhānaṃ tatiyañca satipaṭṭhānaṃ ariyo ca vihāro tatiyañca sammappadhānaṃ tatiyo ca acchariyo abbhuto dhammo saccādhiṭṭhānañca vīriyasamādhi ca bojjhaṅgā ca muditā ca appamāṇaṃ. Ayaṃ tatiyā disā.
71「第四行道(速通达)」、「第四禅」、「第四念处」、「不动住」、「第四正勤」、「第四稀有未曾有法」、「止息依处」、「观定」、「全舍」以及「舍无量」,这是第四方位。对这四方位进行的观察,就称为「观方位之眼」的方法。
Catutthī ca paṭipadā khippābhiññā catutthañca jhānaṃ catutthañca satipaṭṭhānaṃ āneñjo ca vihāro catutthañca sammappadhānaṃ catuttho ca acchariyo abbhuto dhammo upasamādhiṭṭhānañca vīmaṃsāsamādhi ca sabbanissaggo ca upekkhā ca appamāṇaṃ. Ayaṃ catutthī disā. Imāsaṃ catunnaṃ disānaṃ yā ālokanā, ayaṃ vuccati disālocano nāma nayo.
72在此,其联结为:四食、四行道、四颠倒、四念处、四取、四禅、四轭、四住、四系、四正勤、四漏、四稀有未曾有法、四暴流、四依处、四箭、四定、四识住、四乐分法、四非行处、四无量。如是依善与不善的阵营及其对立面而作联结。这是《狮子游戏》中「观方位之眼」的方法。
Tatthāyaṃ yojanā – cattāro ca āhārā, catasso ca paṭipadā, cattāro ca vipallāsā, cattāro ca satipaṭṭhānā, cattāri ca upādānāni, cattāri ca jhānāni, cattāro ca yogā, cattāro ca vihārā, cattāro ca ganthā, cattāro ca sammappadhānā, cattāro ca āsavā, cattāro ca acchariyā abbhutā dhammā, cattāro ca oghā, cattāri ca adhiṭṭhānāni, cattāri ca sallāni, cattāro ca samādhayo, catasso ca viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo, cattāro ca sukhabhāgiyā dhammā, cattāri ca agatigamanāni cattāri ca appamāṇāni. Iti kusalākusalānaṃ pakkhapaṭipakkhavasena yojanā. Ayaṃ sīhavikkīḷite disālocano nayo.
73其最终是四沙门果。其中,第一方位以入流果为最终,第二方位以一来果为最终,第三方位以不来果为最终,第四方位以阿拉汉果为最终。
Tassa cattāri sāmaññaphalāni pariyosānaṃ, tattha paṭhamāya disāya sotāpattiphalaṃ pariyosānaṃ, dutiyāya sakadāgāmiphalaṃ, tatiyāya anāgāmiphalaṃ, catutthiyā arahattaphalaṃ pariyosānanti.
74其中,什么是「三滴理则」?依行道区分,在四种人中:凡以乐行道速通达而解脱者,此为略说即知者。凡或以乐行道迟钝通达,或以苦行道速通达而解脱者,此为广说方知者。凡以苦行道迟钝通达而解脱者,此为应引导者。如是四种人成为三种。其中,略说即知者适合止为先导的观,应引导者适合观为先导的止,广说方知者适合止观双运。略说即知者开示柔和,应引导者开示犀利,广说方知者开示犀利而柔和。
Tattha katamo tipukkhalanayo? Paṭipadāvibhāgena catūsu puggalesu yo sukhāya paṭipadāya khippābhiññāya niyyāti, ayaṃ ugghaṭitaññū. Yo sukhāya vā paṭipadāya, dandhābhiññāya, dukkhāya vā paṭipadāya khippābhiññāya niyyāti, ayaṃ vipañcitaññū. Yo dukkhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya niyyāti, ayaṃ neyyo. Iti cattāro hutvā tayo honti. Tattha ugghaṭitaññussa samathapubbaṅgamā vipassanā sappāyā . Neyyassa vipassanāpubbaṅgamo samatho, vipañcitaññussa samathavipassanā yuganaddhā. Ugghaṭitaññussa mudukā desanā, neyyassa tikkhā desanā, vipañcitaññussa tikkhamudukā desanā.
75略说即知者具备增上慧学,广说方知者具备增上心学与增上慧学,应引导者则具备增上戒学、增上心学与增上慧学。这就是这些补特伽罗依循四种行道而解脱的情形。
Ugghaṭitaññussa adhipaññāsikkhā, vipañcitaññussa adhicittasikkhā ca adhipaññāsikkhā ca, neyyassa adhisīlasikkhā ca adhicittasikkhā ca adhipaññāsikkhā ca. Iti imesaṃ puggalānaṃ catūhi paṭipadāhi niyyānaṃ.
76这里再说明「杂染」的阵营:三不善根、三触、三受、三近伺、三烦恼、三寻思、三热恼、三有为相、三苦性。
Tatthāyaṃ saṃkilesapakkho, tīṇi akusalamūlāni, tayo phassā, tisso vedanā, tayo upavicārā, tayo kilesā, tayo vitakkā, tayo pariḷāhā, tīṇi saṅkhatalakkhaṇāni, tisso dukkhatā.
77三不善根:贪是不善根,嗔是不善根,痴是不善根。三触:乐受所触,苦受所触,不苦不乐受所触。三受:乐受,苦受,不苦不乐受。三近伺:悦俱近伺,忧俱近伺,舍俱近伺。三烦恼:贪、嗔、痴。三寻思:欲寻思、嗔恚寻思、害寻思。三热恼:贪所生、嗔所生、痴所生。三有为相:生、住、灭。三苦性:苦苦性、变易苦性、行苦性。
Tīṇi akusalamūlānīti lobho akusalamūlaṃ, doso akusalamūlaṃ, moho akusalamūlaṃ. Tayo phassāti sukhavedanīyo phasso, dukkhavedanīyo phasso, adukkhamasukhavedanīyo phasso. Tisso vedanāti sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā. Tayo upavicārāti somanassūpavicāro, domanassūpavicāro, upekkhūpavicāro. Tayo kilesāti lobho, doso, moho. Tayo vitakkāti kāmavitakko, byāpādavitakko, vihiṃsāvitakko. Tayo pariḷāhāti rāgajo, dosajo, mohajo. Tīṇi saṅkhatalakkhaṇānīti uppādo, ṭhiti, vayo. Tisso dukkhatāti dukkhadukkhatā, vipariṇāmadukkhatā, saṅkhāradukkhatā.
78其中,贪不善根是以可意的所缘而生起的。以这个可爱的所缘为条件,生起乐受所触;以乐受所触为条件,生起乐受;以乐受为条件,生起悦俱近伺;以悦俱近伺为条件,生起贪;以贪为条件,生起欲寻思;以欲寻思为条件,生起贪所生热恼;以贪所生热恼为条件,生起作为有为相的生;以作为有为相的生为条件,生起变易苦性。
Tattha lobho akusalamūlaṃ manāpikena ārammaṇena samuṭṭhahati. Tadeva manāpikārammaṇaṃ paṭicca uppajjati sukhavedanīyo phasso, sukhavedanīyaṃ phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati sukhā vedanā, sukhaṃ vedanaṃ paṭicca uppajjati somanassūpavicāro, somanassūpavicāraṃ paṭicca uppajjati rāgo, rāgaṃ paṭicca uppajjati kāmavitakko, kāmavitakkaṃ paṭicca uppajjati rāgajo pariḷāho, rāgajaṃ pariḷāhaṃ paṭicca uppajjati uppādo saṅkhatalakkhaṇaṃ, uppādaṃ saṅkhatalakkhaṇaṃ paṭicca uppajjati vipariṇāmadukkhatā.
79嗔不善根是以不可意的所缘而生起的。以这个不可爱的所缘为条件,生起苦受所触;以苦受所触为条件,生起苦受;以苦受为条件,生起忧俱近伺;以忧俱近伺为条件,生起嗔;以嗔为条件,生起嗔恚寻思;以嗔恚寻思为条件,生起嗔所生热恼;以嗔所生热恼为条件,生起作为有为相的住之变异性;以作为有为相的住之变异性为条件,生起苦苦性。
Doso akusalamūlaṃ amanāpikena ārammaṇena samuṭṭhahati. Tadeva amanāpikārammaṇaṃ paṭicca uppajjati dukkhavedanīyo phasso, dukkhavedanīyaṃ phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati dukkhā vedanā, dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ paṭicca uppajjati domanassūpavicāro, domanassūpavicāraṃ paṭicca uppajjati doso, dosaṃ paṭicca uppajjati byāpādavitakko, byāpādavitakkaṃ paṭicca uppajjati dosajo pariḷāho, dosajaṃ pariḷāhaṃ paṭicca uppajjati ṭhitassa aññathattaṃ saṅkhatalakkhaṇaṃ, ṭhitassa aññathattaṃ saṅkhatalakkhaṇaṃ paṭicca uppajjati dukkhadukkhatā.
80「痴不善根」是以能作为舍之基础的所缘而生起的。正是缘于这个能作为舍之基础的所缘,生起了「不苦不乐受所触」;缘于不苦不乐受所触,生起了「不苦不乐受」;缘于不苦不乐受,生起了「舍俱近伺」;缘于舍俱近伺,生起了「痴」;缘于痴,生起了「害寻思」;缘于害寻思,生起了「痴所生热恼」;缘于痴所生热恼,生起了作为有为相的「灭」;缘于作为有为相的「灭」,生起了「行苦性」。如此,这是以三种方式对烦恼的解说。一切不善分,全部归入这三不善根之中。
Moho akusalamūlaṃ upekkhāṭhāniyaṃ ārammaṇena samuṭṭhahati. Tadeva upekkhāṭhāniyaṃ ārammaṇaṃ paṭicca uppajjati adukkhamasukhavedanīyo phasso, adukkhamasukhavedanīyaṃ phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati adukkhamasukhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ paṭicca uppajjati upekkhūpavicāro, upekkhūpavicāraṃ paṭicca uppajjati moho, mohaṃ paṭicca uppajjati vihiṃsāvitakko, vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ paṭicca uppajjati mohajo pariḷāho, mohajaṃ pariḷāhaṃ paṭicca uppajjati vayo saṅkhatalakkhaṇaṃ, vayaṃ saṅkhatalakkhaṇaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṅkhāradukkhatā. Iti ayaṃ tīhi ākārehi kilesānaṃ niddeso. Yo koci akusalapakkho, sabbo so tīsu akusalamūlesu samosaratīti.
81其中,什么是善分呢?三善根:无贪、无嗔、无痴。三慧:闻所成慧、思所成慧、修所成慧。三定:有寻有伺定、无寻唯伺定、无寻无伺定。三学:增上戒学、增上心学、增上慧学。三相:止相、策励相、舍相。三寻思:出离寻思、无嗔寻思、无害寻思。三根:未知当知根、已知根、具知根。三近伺:出离俱近伺、无嗔俱近伺、无害俱近伺。三求:欲求、有求、梵行求。三蕴:戒蕴、定蕴、慧蕴。
Tattha katamo kusalapakkho? Tīṇi kusalamūlāni alobho, adoso, amoho. Tisso paññā sutamayī, cintāmayī, bhāvanāmayī. Tayo samādhī savitakkasavicāro, avitakkavicāramatto, avitakkaavicāro. Tisso sikkhā adhisīlasikkhā, adhicittasikkhā , adhipaññāsikkhā. Tīṇi nimittāni samathanimittaṃ, paggahanimittaṃ, upekkhānimittaṃ. Tayo vitakkā nekkhammavitakko, abyāpādavitakko, avihiṃsāvitakko. Tīṇi indriyāni anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ, aññindriyaṃ, aññātāvindriyaṃ. Tayo upavicārā nekkhammūpavicāro, abyāpādūpavicāro, avihiṃsūpavicāro tisso esanā kāmesanā, bhavesanā, brahmacariyesanā. Tayo khandhā sīlakkhandho, samādhikkhandho, paññākkhandho.
82其中,无贪善根圆满闻所成慧。闻所成慧圆满,则圆满有寻有伺定;有寻有伺定圆满,则圆满增上戒学;增上戒学圆满,则圆满止相;止相圆满,则圆满出离寻思;出离寻思圆满,则圆满未知当知根;未知当知根圆满,则圆满出离俱近伺;出离俱近伺圆满,则断除欲求。断除欲求,则圆满戒蕴。
Tattha alobho kusalamūlaṃ sutamayipaññaṃ paripūreti. Sutamayi paññā paripuṇṇā savitakkasavicāraṃ samādhiṃ paripūreti, savitakkasavicāro samādhi paripuṇṇo adhisīlasikkhaṃ paripūreti, adhisīlasikkhā paripuṇṇā samathanimittaṃ paripūreti, samathanimittaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ nekkhammavitakkaṃ paripūreti, nekkhammavitakko paripuṇṇo anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ paripūreti, anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ nekkhammasitūpavicāraṃ paripūreti, nekkhammūpavicāraṃ paripuṇṇo kāmesanaṃ pajahati. Kāmesanappahānaṃ sīlakkhandhaṃ paripūreti.
83无嗔善根圆满思所成慧。思所成慧圆满,则圆满无寻唯伺定;无寻唯伺定圆满,则圆满增上心学;增上心学圆满,则圆满舍相;舍相圆满,则圆满无嗔寻思;无嗔寻思圆满,则圆满已知根;已知根圆满,则圆满无嗔俱近伺;无嗔俱近伺圆满,则断除有求。断除有求,则圆满定蕴。
Adoso kusalamūlaṃ cintāmayipaññaṃ paripūreti, cintāmayipaññā paripuṇṇā avitakkavicāramattaṃ samādhiṃ paripūreti, avitakkavicāramatto samādhi paripuṇṇo adhicittasikkhaṃ paripūreti, adhicittasikkhā paripuṇṇā upekkhānimittaṃ paripūreti, upekkhānimittaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ abyāpādavitakkaṃ paripūreti, abyāpādavitakko paripuṇṇo aññindriyaṃ paripūreti, aññindriyaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ abyāpādūpavicāraṃ paripūreti, abyāpādūpavicāro paripuṇṇo bhavesanaṃ pajahati, bhavesanappahānaṃ samādhikkhandhaṃ paripūreti.
84「无痴」善根圆满「修所成慧」;修所成慧圆满,则圆满「无寻无伺定」;无寻无伺定圆满,则圆满「增上慧学」;增上慧学圆满,则圆满「策励相」;策励相圆满,则圆满「无害寻」;无害寻圆满,则圆满「具知根」;具知根圆满,则圆满「无害伺」;无害伺圆满,则圆满「梵行求」;梵行求圆满,则圆满「慧蕴」。
Amoho kusalamūlaṃ bhāvanāmayipaññaṃ paripūreti, bhāvanāmayipaññā paripuṇṇā avitakkaavicāraṃ samādhiṃ paripūreti, avitakkaavicāro samādhi paripuṇṇo adhipaññāsikkhaṃ paripūreti, adhipaññāsikkhā paripuṇṇā paggahanimittaṃ paripūreti, paggahanimittaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ avihiṃsāvitakkaṃ paripūreti, avihiṃsāvitakko paripuṇṇo aññātāvindriyaṃ paripūreti, aññātāvindriyaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ avihiṃsūpavicāraṃ paripūreti, avihiṃsūpavicāro paripuṇṇo brahmacariyesanaṃ paripūreti, brahmacariyesanā paripuṇṇā paññākkhandhaṃ paripūreti.
85如此,这些属于「不善分」与「善分」的诸法,通过三分解说而被阐明,这称为「三堆理趣」的方面。它的终极是「三解脱」:无愿、空、无相。这就是名为「三堆」的第二种理趣。
Iti ime tayo dhammā akusalapakkhikā kusalapakkhikā ca tikaniddesehi niddiṭṭhā tipukkhalanayassa disā nāma. Tassa pariyosānaṃ tayo vimokkhā appaṇihito suññato animitto, ayaṃ tipukkhalo nāma dutiyo nayo.
86其中,有这三种人:略开知者、广开知者、可引导者。在这三种人中,有两人是经由「乐行道」与「速通达」、以及「乐行道」与「迟通达」而度脱的;另外两人是经由「苦行道」与「速通达」、以及「苦行道」与「迟通达」而度脱的,这合起来是四种。他们又可特别归为两种:「见行者」与「爱行者」。这四种人又可成为三种,三种又可成为两种。对于这两种人,他们的「杂染」就是这些:无明与渴爱,无惭与无愧,失念与不正知,诸盖与诸结,执取与执著,我慢与我执,无信与恶语,懈怠与非理作意,疑与无明,听闻不正法与非等至。
Tattha ye ime tayo puggalā ugghaṭitaññū vipañcitaññū neyyoti imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ dve puggalā sukhāya paṭipadāya khippābhiññāya, sukhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya ca niyyanti, dveyeva puggalā dukkhāya paṭipadāya khippābhiññāya, dukkhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya ca niyyanti, ime cattāro. Te visesena dve honti diṭṭhicarito ca taṇhācarito ca. Ime cattāro hutvā tayo honti, tayo hutvā dve honti. Imesaṃ dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ ayaṃ saṃkileso – avijjā ca taṇhā ca ahirīkañca anottappañca asati ca asampajaññañca nīvaraṇāni ca saṃyojanāni ca ajjhosānañca abhiniveso ca ahaṃkāro ca mamaṃkāro ca assaddhiyañca dovacassatā ca kosajjañca ayonisomanasikāro ca vicikicchā ca avijjā ca asaddhammassavanañca asamāpatti ca.
87在这当中,无明、无惭、失念、诸盖、执取、我慢、无信、懈怠、疑、听闻不正法,这是一个方面。
Tattha avijjā ca ahirīkañca asati ca nīvaraṇāni ca ajjhosānañca ahaṃkāro ca assaddhiyañca kosajjañca vicikicchā ca asaddhammassavanañca, ayaṃ ekā disā.
88渴爱、无愧、不正知、诸结、执著、我执、恶语、非理作意、无明、非等至,这是第二个方面。十对法的十个第一组词,应作为第一个方面。简要地开显了黑分中诸敌对法的十对十个第二组词的含义,这是第二个方面。
Taṇhā ca anottappañca asampajaññañca saṃyojanāni ca abhiniveso ca mamaṃkāro ca dovacassatā ca ayonisomanasikāro ca avijjā ca asamāpatti ca, ayaṃ dutiyā disā. Dasannaṃ dukānaṃ dasa padāni paṭhamā disāti kātabbāni. Saṃkhittena atthaṃ ñāpenti paṭipakkhe kaṇhapakkhassa dasannaṃ dukānaṃ dasa padāni dutiyakāni, ayaṃ dutiyā disā.
89那么,什么是善分呢?就是「止」与「观」,「明」与「行」,「念」与「正知」,「惭」与「愧」,「舍弃我慢」与「舍弃我执」,「正精进」与「如理作意」,「正念」与「正定」,「慧」与「厌离」,「等至」与「听闻正法」,「喜悦」与「法随法行」。这些就是善分。
Tattha katamo kusalapakkho? Samatho ca vipassanā ca vijjā ca caraṇañca sati ca sampajaññañca hirī ca ottappañca ahaṃkārappahānañca mamaṃkārappahānañca sammāvāyāmo ca yonisomanasikāro ca sammāsati ca sammāsamādhi ca paññā ca nibbidā ca samāpatti ca saddhammassavanañca somanassañca dhammānudhammapaṭipatti ca.
90所谓十对法中,以「止」为首、以「喜悦」为结尾的那十个第一组词,是「第一个方向」;以「观」为首、以「法随法行」为结尾的那十个第二组词,是「第二个方向」。如此,在不善分和善分当中,这个称为「喜旋理趣」的理趣便有了四个方向。
Dasannaṃ dukānaṃ samathādīni somanassapariyosānāni paṭhamāni dasa padāni paṭhamā disā, vipassanādīni dhammānudhammapaṭipattipariyosānāni dutiyāni dasa padāni dutiyā disā. Iti akusalapakkhe kusalapakkhe ca nandiyāvaṭṭassa nayassa catasso disā.
91在这当中,就善分而言,通过「止」等可以断除不善分中的「渴爱」等;由于断灭了这些,从贪欲的离染中便成就了「心解脱」。就善分而言,通过「观」等可以断除不善分中的「无明」等;由于断灭了这些,从无明的离染中便成就了「慧解脱」。如此,这两种解脱便是「喜旋理趣」的最终目标。
Tāsu kusalapakkhe samathādīhi akusalapakkhe taṇhādayo pahānaṃ gacchanti, tesaṃ pahānā rāgavirāgā cetovimutti, kusalapakkhe vipassanādīhi akusalapakkhe avijjādayo pahānaṃ gacchanti, tesaṃ pahānā avijjāvirāgā paññāvimutti. Iti imā dve vimuttiyo nandiyāvaṭṭanaye pariyosānaṃ.
92其中,「渴爱」、「无明」、「止」、「观」这四个词,摄含了十八个根本词。如何摄含的呢?「止」、「无贪」、「无瞋」、「不净想」、「苦想」这五个词,属于「止」的范畴;「观」、「无痴」、「无常想」、「无我想」这四个词,属于「观」的范畴。这样,九个善的词便收摄在两个词当中了。「渴爱」、「贪」、「瞋」、「净想」、「乐想」这五个词,属于「渴爱」的范畴;「无明」、「痴」、「常想」、「我想」这四个词,属于「无明」的范畴。这样,九个不善的词便收摄在两个词当中了。如此一来,「三堆」和「狮子嬉戏」的理趣,也都进入了这「喜旋理趣」。
Tattha taṇhā avijjā samatho vipassanāti cattāri padāni, tesu aṭṭhārasa mūlapadāni samosaranti. Kathaṃ? Samatho ca alobho ca adoso ca asubhasaññā ca dukkhasaññā cāti imāni pañca padāni samathaṃ bhajanti, vipassanā ca amoho ca aniccasaññā ca anattasaññā cāti imāni cattāri padāni vipassanaṃ bhajanti. Evaṃ nava padāni kusalāni dvīsu padesu samosaranti. Taṇhā ca lobho ca doso ca subhasaññā ca sukhasaññā cāti imāni pañca padāni taṇhaṃ bhajanti, avijjā ca moho ca niccasaññā ca attasaññā cāti imāni cattāri padāni avijjaṃ bhajanti. Evaṃ nava padāni akusalāni dvīsu padesu samosaranti. Iti tipukkhalo ca sīhavikkīḷito ca nandiyāvaṭṭanayaṃ anuppavisanti.
93在「三堆」理趣中,另外两个理趣是如何进入的呢?「观」、「无痴」、「无常想」、「无我想」这四个词,归入「无痴」;「止」、「无贪」、「不净想」、「苦想」这四个词,归入「无贪」;至于「无瞋」,就直接归入「无瞋」。这样,九个善的词便收摄在三个词当中了。「渴爱」、「贪」、「净想」、「乐想」这四个词,归入「贪」;「无明」、「痴」、「常想」、「我想」这四个词,归入「痴」;至于「瞋」,就直接归入「瞋」。这样,九个不善的词便收摄在三个词当中了。因此,在「三堆」理趣当中,另外两个理趣便得以进入。
Kathaṃ tipukkhale naye itare dve nayā anuppavisanti? Vipassanā ca amoho ca aniccasaññā ca anattasaññā cāti imāni cattāri padāni amoho, samatho ca alobho ca asubhasaññā ca dukkhasaññā cāti imāni cattāri padāni alobho, adoso adoso eva. Evaṃ nava padāni kusalāni tīsu padesu samosaranti. Taṇhā ca lobho ca subhasaññā ca sukhasaññā cāti imāni cattāri padāni lobho, avijjā ca moho ca niccasaññā ca attasaññā cāti imāni cattāri padāni moho, doso doso eva. Evaṃ nava padāni akusalāni tīsu padesu samosaranti. Iti tipukkhale naye itare dve nayā anuppavisanti.
94那么,十八个根本词是如何收摄于四个方面的呢?渴爱与净想,这是第一种颠倒。贪与乐想,这是第二种颠倒。无明与常想,这是第三种颠倒。痴与我想,这是第四种颠倒。如此,九个不善词收摄于四个方面。止与不净想,是第一念处。无贪与苦想,是第二念处。观与无常想,是第三念处。无痴与无我想,是第四念处。如此,九个善词收摄于四个方面。如是,在狮子嬉戏理趣中,其余两个理趣也得以进入。因为三个理趣的地与境,各自进入每一个理趣。因此,对于每一个理趣,当明了不善法或善法时,应当寻求其对立面。寻求对立面之后,应当解说该理趣。在解说该理趣时,正如其余理趣的根本词已进入这一个理趣那样,应当从各处择取出来加以解说。因为在每一个理趣中,十八个根本词都已进入。
Kathaṃ catūsu padesu aṭṭhārasa mūlapadāni samosaranti? Taṇhā ca subhasaññā ca, ayaṃ paṭhamo vipallāso. Lobho ca sukhasaññā ca, ayaṃ dutiyo vipallāso. Avijjā ca niccasaññā ca, ayaṃ tatiyo vipallāso. Moho ca attasaññā ca, ayaṃ catuttho vipallāso. Iti nava padāni akusalāni catūsu padesu samosaranti. Samatho ca asubhasaññā ca paṭhamaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ, alobho ca dukkhasaññā ca dutiyaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ, vipassanā ca aniccasaññā ca tatiyaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ, amoho ca anattasaññā ca catutthaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ. Iti nava padāni kusalāni catūsu padesu samosaranti. Evaṃ sīhavikkīḷitanaye itare dve nayā anuppavisanti. Tiṇṇañhi nayānaṃ yā bhūmiyo gocaro, so ekekaṃ nayaṃ anuppavisati. Tasmā ekekassa nayassa akusale vā dhamme viññāte kusale vā paṭipakkho anvesitabbo. Paṭipakkhaṃ anvesitvā so nayo niddisitabbo. Tamhi naye niddiṭṭhe yathā ekamhi naye itaresaṃ nayānaṃ mūlapadāni anuppaviṭṭhāni, tato tato nīharitvā niddisitabbāni. Ekekasmiñhi naye aṭṭhārasa mūlapadāni anuppaviṭṭhāni.
95其中,当明了任何一法时,一切法皆得明了。这三个理趣中,狮子嬉戏理趣以四种果为最终:第一方面以第一果为最终,第二方面以第二果为最终,第三方面以第三果为最终,第四方面以第四果为最终。
Tattha ekekasmiṃ dhamme viññāte sabbe dhammā viññātā honti. Imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ nayānaṃ sīhavikkīḷitassa nayassa cattāri phalāni pariyosānaṃ paṭhamāya disāya paṭhamaṃ phalaṃ, dutiyāya disāya dutiyaṃ phalaṃ, tatiyāya disāya tatiyaṃ phalaṃ, catutthāya disāya catutthaṃ phalaṃ pariyosānaṃ.
96三节门闩理趣以三个解脱为最终:第一方面以无愿解脱为最终,第二方面以空解脱为最终,第三方面以无相解脱为最终。
Tipukkhalassa nayassa tayo vimokkhā pariyosānaṃ paṭhamāya disāya appaṇihito, dutiyāya suññato, tatiyāya animitto vimokkho pariyosānaṃ.
97喜旋理趣以两个解脱为最终:第一方面,由离贪于渴爱而心解脱为最终;第二方面,由离贪于无明而慧解脱为最终。在这三个理趣中,对十八个词的观察,即是观方向理趣。观察之后,在善分与不善分中,知道‘此法随顺此法’而正确关联,即是钩策理趣。如此,这是五种理趣。
Nandiyāvaṭṭassa nayassa dve vimuttiyo pariyosānaṃ paṭhamāya disāya taṇhāvirāgā cetovimutti, dutiyāya disāya avijjāvirāgā paññāvimutti pariyosānaṃ. Imesu tīsu nayesu yā aṭṭhārasannaṃ padānaṃ ālocanā, ayaṃ disālocano nayo. Yā āloketvā kusalapakkhe akusalapakkhe ca ‘‘ayaṃ dhammo imaṃ dhammaṃ bhajatī’’ti jānantena sammā yojanā, ayaṃ aṅkuso nayoti ime pañca nayā.
99理趣生起品的注释结束。
Nayasamuṭṭhānavāravaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.