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譬喻经义注

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1礼敬彼世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者
Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa
2《小部》
Khuddakanikāye
3《譬喻注》
Apadāna-aṭṭhakathā
1(第一分)
(Paṭhamo bhāgo)
2著述绪论
Ganthārambhakathā
3我以头顶礼最胜者、无与伦比的佛陀;
Vanditvā sirasā seṭṭhaṃ, buddhamappaṭipuggalaṃ;
4他已渡过所知之海,已令(众生)渡过轮回之海。
Ñeyyasāgaramuttiṇṇaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ saṃsārasāgaraṃ.
5同样地,我礼敬那最上的、寂静的、甚深的、难见的、微细的,
Tatheva paramaṃ santaṃ, gambhīraṃ duddasaṃ aṇuṃ;
6能令有与无有生起的、清净的、为正自觉者所崇敬的法。
Bhavābhavakaraṃ suddhaṃ, dhammaṃ sambuddhapūjitaṃ.
7同样地,我礼敬那无垢的、无着的、最上的僧伽。
Tatheva anaghaṃ saṅghaṃ, asaṅgaṃ saṅghamuttamaṃ;
8(礼敬)那最上的应供者、诸根寂静者、漏尽者。
Uttamaṃ dakkhiṇeyyānaṃ, santindriyamanāsavaṃ.
9凭借我所作的这个礼敬,如此特别殊胜的礼敬,
Katena tassa etassa, paṇāmena visesato;
10对三宝,我怀着格外的恭敬,作出格外殊胜的礼敬。
Ratanattaye visesena, visesassādarena me.
11那些长老——他们是明智者、通晓教法者、有智者,
Therehi dhīradhīrehi, āgamaññūhi viññubhi;
12特别地请求道:“大德!应当撰写《譬喻注》。”
‘‘Apadānaṭṭhakathā bhante, kātabbā’’ti visesato.
13我一次又一次地被那些有名望者,以恭敬心恳切劝请。
Punappunādareneva, yācitohaṃ yasassibhi;
14因此,我将完整地阐明整部《譬喻》的全部意义。
Tasmāhaṃ sāpadānassa, apadānassasesato.
15我将成为那盏明灯,为彰显殊胜法义,照亮整个三藏;
Visesanayadīpassa, dīpissaṃ piṭakattaye;
16依循圣典传承的方法,作出这「清净」的义注。
Yathā pāḷinayeneva, atthasaṃvaṇṇanaṃ subhaṃ.
17这无上的「法」,是由谁宣说?在何处宣说?于何时宣说?
Kena kattha kadā cetaṃ, bhāsitaṃ dhammamuttamaṃ;
18又是为了什么目的而宣说此法?在讲明这些之后,接着说明注释的规则。
Kimatthaṃ bhāsitañcetaṃ, etaṃ vatvā vidhiṃ tato.
19为了让人对种种因缘能够善巧,也为了便于掌握和忆持;
Nidānesu kosallatthaṃ, sukhuggahaṇadhāraṇaṃ;
20因此,先叙明这些不同规则后,也就确立了前后之间的差别。
Tasmā taṃ taṃ vidhiṃ vatvā, pubbāparavisesitaṃ.
21此前,这些法义是以狮子(僧伽罗)语并依古代注疏保存下来的;
Purā sīhaḷabhāsāya, porāṇaṭṭhakathāya ca;
22但仅凭那种(狮子语的)传本,尚无法成就诸位善士内心所渴望的愿求。
Ṭhapitaṃ taṃ na sādheti, sādhūnaṃ icchiticchitaṃ.
23因此,依据古代注疏(aṭṭhakathā)的传统,
Tasmā tamupanissāya, porāṇaṭṭhakathānayaṃ;
24避开那些相互矛盾的义理,阐明殊胜的义理;
Vivajjetvā viruddhatthaṃ, visesatthaṃ pakāsayaṃ;
25我们将撰写这部最殊胜的义注。
Visesavaṇṇanaṃ seṭṭhaṃ, karissāmatthavaṇṇananti.
29因缘论(Nidānakathā)
Nidānakathā
26因为之前已经承诺要说明“此无上法是由谁、为了什么目的、在何时被说出”,以及承诺“将作义注”,而这部《譬喻》的义注在说明远因缘、不远因缘、近因缘这三种因缘之后再进行解释时,那些听闻的人就能从起源开始理解,从而能够很好地理解,所以我们将先说明这些因缘,然后再进行解释。
‘‘Kenakattha kadā cetaṃ, bhāsitaṃ dhammamuttama’’nti ca, ‘‘karissāmatthavaṇṇana’’nti ca paṭiññātattā sā panāyaṃ apadānassatthavaṇṇanā dūrenidānaṃ, avidūrenidānaṃ, santikenidānanti imāni tīṇi nidānāni dassetvā vaṇṇiyamānā ye naṃ suṇanti, tehi samudāgamato paṭṭhāya viññātattā yasmā suṭṭhu viññātā nāma hoti, tasmā naṃ tāni nidānāni dassetvāva vaṇṇayissāma.
27其中,首先应当了解这些因缘的范围。大士(菩萨)在燃灯佛足下发起成佛的愿心后,从那时起,直到他以韦桑答拉的身份死去并转生于兜率天城——这期间所发生的故事,称为「远因缘」。从兜率天去世后,直到在菩提树下证得一切知智——这期间的故事,称为「不远因缘」。而「近因缘」则是在佛陀于各个地方居住时,于每一处所发生的故事。
Tattha ādito tāva tesaṃ nidānānaṃ paricchedo veditabbo. Dīpaṅkarapādamūlasmiñhi katābhinīhārassa mahāsattassa yāva vessantarattabhāvā cavitvā tusitapure nibbatti, tāva pavatto kathāmaggo dūrenidānaṃ nāma. Tusitabhavanato pana cavitvā yāva bodhimaṇḍe sabbaññutappatti, tāva pavatto kathāmaggo avidūrenidānaṃ nāma. Santikenidānaṃ pana tesu tesu ṭhānesu viharato tasmiṃ tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne labbhatīti.
281. 远因缘谈
1. Dūrenidānakathā
29这里所说的「远因缘」,其故事是这样的:据说,在从此往前四个阿僧祇劫又十万劫的顶点,有一座名叫阿玛拉瓦提(Amaravatī)的城市。那里住着一位名叫善慧(Sumedha)的婆罗门。他从父母双方都是尊贵出身,血统纯净,向上追溯七代都家世清白,从没有因出身而受到轻视或非难;他相貌端严、令人悦目、庄严殊胜,拥有最极致的肤色之美。他不从事其他工作,只是学习婆罗门的各种技艺。在他还是少年时,父母就去世了。于是,为他管理积蓄的大臣取来账簿,打开堆满黄金、白银、摩尼珠、珍珠等的库房,告诉他说:‘年轻人,这些是你母亲留下来的财富,这些是你父亲留下来的财富,这些是你祖父和曾祖父等留下来的财富。’像这样把上溯七代的财富一一说给他听后,对他说:‘请你继承这些吧。’善慧智者心想:‘我的父亲、祖父等先祖们积聚了这些财富,当他们前往他世时,连一个咖哈巴那也带不走。而我,则应当造作一个能够把它带走的因缘。’于是,他禀报了国王,在城中击鼓通告,向大众作了大布施,然后出家成为隐士。为了阐明这里的义理,在此处应当讲述善慧的故事。虽然这故事在《佛陀史》中原本是连续记载的,但因为是以偈颂的形式连缀而成,并不是很清晰。因此,我们将配合着在偈颂之间插入揭示文句关联的话语来讲述。
Tatridaṃ dūrenidānaṃ nāma – ito kira kappasatasahassādhikānaṃ catunnaṃ asaṅkhyeyyānaṃ matthake amaravatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi. Tattha sumedho nāma brāhmaṇo paṭivasati, ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā kulaparivaṭṭā, akkhitto anupakuṭṭho jātivādena, abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato. So aññaṃ kammaṃ akatvā brāhmaṇasippameva uggaṇhi. Tassa daharakāleyeva mātāpitaro kālamakaṃsu. Athassa rāsivaḍḍhako amacco āyapotthakaṃ āharitvā suvaṇṇarajatamaṇimuttādibharite gabbhe vivaritvā ‘‘ettakaṃ te, kumāra, mātu santakaṃ, ettakaṃ pitu santakaṃ, ettakaṃ ayyakapayyakāna’’nti yāva sattamā kulaparivaṭṭā dhanaṃ ācikkhitvā ‘‘etaṃ paṭipajjāhī’’ti āha. Sumedhapaṇḍito cintesi – ‘‘imaṃ dhanaṃ saṃharitvā mayhaṃ pitupitāmahādayo paralokaṃ gacchantā ekakahāpaṇampi gahetvā na gatā, mayā pana gahetvā gamanakāraṇaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti, so rañño ārocetvā nagare bheriṃ carāpetvā mahājanassa dānaṃ datvā tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbaji. Imassa panatthassa āvibhāvatthaṃ imasmiṃ ṭhāne sumedhakathā kathetabbā . Sā panesā kiñcāpi buddhavaṃse nirantaraṃ āgatāyeva, gāthābandhena pana āgatattā na suṭṭhu pākaṭā, tasmā taṃ antarantarā gāthāsambandhadīpakehi vacanehi saddhiṃ kathessāma.
34「善慧的故事」(Sumedhakathā)
Sumedhakathā
30确实,在过去四个阿僧祇劫又十万劫的顶点处,有一座城市,那里有十种声音,并不寂静。这座城叫做「阿玛拉瓦提」(Amaravatī),也叫做「阿玛拉」(Amara)。关于它,《佛陀史》中这样说道:
Kappasatasahassādhikānañhi catunnaṃ asaṅkhyeyyānaṃ matthake dasahi saddehi avivittaṃ ‘‘amaravatī’’ti ca ‘‘amara’’nti ca laddhanāmaṃ nagaraṃ ahosi, yaṃ sandhāya buddhavaṃse vuttaṃ –
31「在十万劫和四个不可数劫的时候,」
‘‘Kappe ca satasahasse, caturo ca asaṅkhiye;
32「有一座名叫阿玛拉(Amara)的城,它美丽壮观(dassaneyya),令人欢喜(manorama),」
Amaraṃ nāma nagaraṃ, dassaneyyaṃ manoramaṃ;
33「那里有十种声音,毫不寂静,并且各种饮食应有尽有。」
Dasahi saddehi avivittaṃ, annapānasamāyuta’’nti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.1-2);
34这里,「以十种声音而不寂静」是指:有象声、马声、车声、大鼓声、腰鼓声、琴声、歌声、螺贝声、铜钹声、小钹声,再加上“你们吃吧、喝吧、嚼吧”这第十种声音。因为这十种声音,这座城市就显得一点也不寂静。不过,在引用的偈颂中,只提到了其中一部分声音:
Tattha dasahi saddehi avivittanti hatthisaddena assasaddena rathasaddena bherisaddena mudiṅgasaddena vīṇāsaddena gītasaddena saṅkhasaddena sammasaddena tāḷasaddena ‘‘asnātha pivatha khādathā’’ti dasamena saddenāti imehi dasahi saddehi avivittaṃ ahosi. Tesaṃ pana saddānaṃ ekadesameva gahetvā –
35象声、马声,以及大鼓声、螺贝声和车声等;
‘‘Hatthisaddaṃ assasaddaṃ, bherisaṅkharathāni ca;
36请吃、请喝,饮食已由瞿师罗备好。
Khādatha pivatha ceva, annapānena ghosita’’nti. –
37在《佛种姓经》(bu. vaṃ. 2.3-5)中,说完下面这首偈颂之后——
Buddhavaṃse (bu. vaṃ. 2.3-5) imaṃ gāthaṃ vatvā –
38这座城各方面都完美无缺,所有的工艺技术一应俱全;
‘‘Nagaraṃ sabbaṅgasampannaṃ, sabbakammamupāgataṃ;
39七宝具足完备,形形色色的人们聚集在一起;
Sattaratanasampannaṃ, nānājanasamākulaṃ;
40繁荣富足得如同天界之城,是那些积累福德的人居住的地方。
Samiddhaṃ devanagaraṃva, āvāsaṃ puññakamminaṃ.
41在阿摩罗婆提城中,有一位名叫「善慧」的婆罗门;
‘‘Nagare amaravatiyā, sumedho nāma brāhmaṇo;
42他积聚了数以亿计的财富,拥有大量的钱财和谷物。
Anekakoṭisannicayo, pahūtadhanadhaññavā.
43他是位博学的教师,通达咒语,对三部吠陀经典已经达到彼岸(完全精通);
‘‘Ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedāna pāragū;
44在相术、历史传说,以及自己宗派的正法方面,也都达到了彼岸(彻底通达)。”——以上这些内容都已经说过。
Lakkhaṇe itihāse ca, sadhamme pāramiṃ gato’’ti. – vuttaṃ;
45有一天,那位善慧智者在楼上最殊胜的阁楼中独自静处,结跏趺座而坐,这样思惟:「智者啊,在轮回再生中,所谓的『结生』执取确实是苦,同样,在每一次受生之处,这个身体的毁坏也是苦。而我是具足生法、老法、病法、死法的。既然如此,我就应当去寻求那不生、不老、无病、无死、无苦、快乐、清凉的不死大涅槃。必定要从『有』中解脱出来,必定存在一条趣向涅槃的道路。」由此,便说了以下偈颂:
Athekadivasaṃ so sumedhapaṇḍito uparipāsādavaratale rahogato hutvā pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā nisinno evaṃ cintesi – ‘‘punabbhave, paṇḍita, paṭisandhiggahaṇaṃ nāma dukkhaṃ, tathā nibbattanibbattaṭṭhāne sarīrassa bhedanaṃ, ahañca jātidhammo, jarādhammo, byādhidhammo, maraṇadhammo, evaṃbhūtena mayā ajātiṃ ajaraṃ abyādhiṃ amaraṇaṃ adukkhaṃ sukhaṃ sītalaṃ amatamahānibbānaṃ pariyesituṃ vaṭṭati. Avassaṃ bhavato muccitvā nibbānagāminā ekena maggena bhavitabba’’nti. Tena vuttaṃ –
46「那时我独自静坐,这样思惟;
‘‘Rahogato nisīditvā, evaṃ cintesahaṃ tadā;
47所谓的再生是苦,以及这个身体的毁坏。
Dukkho punabbhavo nāma, sarīrassa ca bhedanaṃ.
48那时我,具足生法、老法、病法;
‘‘Jātidhammo jarādhammo, byādhidhammo sahaṃ tadā;
49我将去寻求那不老、不死、安稳的涅槃。
Ajaraṃ amaraṃ khemaṃ, pariyesissāmi nibbutiṃ.
50既然如此,我何不舍弃这具腐烂的色身,这充满种种不净物的身体;
‘‘Yaṃnūnimaṃ pūtikāyaṃ, nānākuṇapapūritaṃ;
51舍弃它之后,我将无有顾念、无所需求地离去。
Chaḍḍayitvāna gaccheyyaṃ, anapekkho anatthiko.
52因为那条道路是存在的,它并非不可能达到,也并非没有因由;
‘‘Atthi hehiti so maggo, na so sakkā na hetuye;
53「我将寻求那条道路,为了从‘有’中获得解脱。」
Pariyesissāmi taṃ maggaṃ, bhavato parimuttiyā’’ti.
54然后他进一步这样想:「就像世间存在着与苦相对立的乐,同样,当‘有’存在时,必然也有与之相对立的‘非有’。就像当热存在时,热灭去的清凉也存在,同样,通过贪等三火的止息,必然存在着涅槃。正如有低劣、恶法的对立面——善妙、无过失的法也存在,同样,当有恶的生存在时,也必然有通过舍弃一切生而称为‘不生’的涅槃。」因此,他说了以下偈颂:
Tato uttaripi evaṃ cintesi – ‘‘yathā hi loke dukkhassa paṭipakkhabhūtaṃ sukhaṃ nāma atthi, evaṃ bhave sati tappaṭipakkhena vibhavenāpi bhavitabbaṃ. Yathā ca uṇhe sati tassa vūpasamabhūtaṃ sītalampi atthi, evaṃ rāgaggiādīnaṃ vūpasamena nibbānenāpi bhavitabbaṃ. Yathā nāma pāpassa lāmakassa dhammassa paṭipakkhabhūto kalyāṇo anavajjabhūto dhammopi atthiyeva, evameva pāpikāya jātiyā sati sabbajātikhepanato ajātisaṅkhātena nibbānenāpi bhavitabbamevā’’ti. Tena vuttaṃ –
55「正如当苦存在时,也存在着称为‘乐’的东西;
‘‘Yathāpi dukkhe vijjante, sukhaṃ nāmapi vijjati;
56同样地,当‘有’存在时,也应追求‘非有’。
Evaṃ bhave vijjamāne, vibhavopicchitabbako.
57「正如有热存在,也另有清凉存在;
‘‘Yathāpi uṇhe vijjante, aparaṃ vijjati sītalaṃ;
58同样地,当这三种火存在时,涅槃也应被追求。
Evaṃ tividhaggi vijjante, nibbānampicchitabbakaṃ.
59「正如有恶存在,也同样有善存在;
‘‘Yathāpi pāpe vijjante, kalyāṇamapi vijjati;
60同样地,有‘生’存在,‘不生’也应被追求。
Evameva jāti vijjante, ajātipicchitabbaka’’nti.
61他又想:“好比一个陷进粪堆里的人,远远看见一大片湖,湖面上铺满了五色莲花,心想:‘该走哪条路才能到那里呢?’然后去探寻那片湖,这才是合理的。如果他不去探寻,那并不是湖的问题,而是那个人自己的问题。同样,在能够清洗烦恼污垢的‘不死大涅槃湖’就存在的情况下,如果不去探寻它,那并不是不死大涅槃湖的问题,而是那个人自己的问题。又好比一个人被群贼包围,明明有逃生的路,如果他不逃跑,那不是路的问题,而是那个人自己的问题。同样,一个被烦恼抓住、困住的人,在明确有通往涅槃的吉祥道路存在时,不去寻道、行道,那并不是道路的问题,而是那个人自己的问题。又好比一个被疾病折磨的人,明明有能治那病的医生,如果他不去找那位医生治病,那不是医生的问题,而是那个人自己的问题。同样,一个被烦恼病折磨的人,明明有精通息灭烦恼之法的老师存在,却不去寻找,这是他自己的过失,而不是那位能灭除烦恼的老师的过失。”
Aparampi cintesi – ‘‘yathā nāma gūtharāsimhi nimuggena purisena dūratova pañcavaṇṇapadumasañchannaṃ mahātaḷākaṃ disvā ‘katarena nu kho maggena ettha gantabba’nti taṃ taḷākaṃ gavesituṃ yuttaṃ. Yaṃ tassa agavesanaṃ, na so taḷākassa doso, purisasseva doso. Evaṃ kilesamaladhovane amatamahānibbānataḷāke vijjante yaṃ tassa agavesanaṃ, na so amatamahānibbānataḷākassa doso, purisasseva doso. Yathā ca corehi samparivārito puriso palāyanamagge vijjamānepi sace na palāyati, na so maggassa doso, purisasseva doso. Evameva kilesehi parivāretvā gahitassa purisassa vijjamāneyeva nibbānagāmimhi sive magge maggassa agavesanaṃ nāma na maggassa doso, purisasseva doso. Yathā ca byādhipīḷito puriso vijjamāne byādhitikicchake vejje sace taṃ vejjaṃ gavesitvā byādhiṃ na tikicchāpeti, na so vejjassa doso, purisasseva doso. Evameva yo kilesabyādhipīḷito kilesavūpasamamaggakovidaṃ vijjamānameva ācariyaṃ na gavesati, tasseva doso, na kilesavināsakassa ācariyassa doso’’ti. Tena vuttaṃ –
62正如一个陷入粪中的人,看见满满一大片湖,
‘‘Yathā gūthagato puriso, taḷākaṃ disvāna pūritaṃ;
63如果他并不去寻找那片湖,那并不是湖的过失。
Na gavesati taṃ taḷākaṃ, na doso taḷākassa so.
64同样,当能洗去烦恼垢秽的「不死之湖」存在时,
‘‘Evaṃ kilesamaladhove, vijjante amatantaḷe;
65如果他并不去寻找那片湖,那不是不死之湖的过失。
Na gavesati taṃ taḷākaṃ, na doso amatantaḷe.
66如同被敌人团团围住,明明有可以逃生的路,
‘‘Yathā arīhi pariruddho, vijjante gamanampathe;
67那人却并不逃跑,这可不是那条路的过失。
Na palāyati so puriso, na doso añjasassa so.
68同样,被烦恼团团围困的人,当吉祥的道路存在时;
‘‘Evaṃ kilesapariruddho, vijjamāne sive pathe;
69之所以「不寻找那条道路」,并不是吉祥道路本身的过失。
Na gavesati taṃ maggaṃ, na doso sivamañjase.
70正如患病之人,当医生存在时:就好比一个生了病的人,明明有医生在身边可以救治,
‘‘Yathāpi byādhito puriso, vijjamāne tikicchake;
71他却「不治疗那疾病」,这「不是那医生的过失」。
Na tikicchāpeti taṃ byādhiṃ, na doso so tikicchake.
72同样,被烦恼病所折磨而痛苦不堪的人:同样的道理,那些被烦恼大病逼迫、饱受痛苦的人,
‘‘Evaṃ kilesabyādhīhi, dukkhito paripīḷito;
73自己「不寻找那位老师」,这「不是那导师的过失」。
Na gavesati taṃ ācariyaṃ, na doso so vināyake’’ti.
74他又进一步思惟:‘如同喜好装饰的人,将挂在颈上的死尸舍弃后,便能快乐地自在而行;同样地,我也应舍弃此臭秽之身,毫无牵挂地进入涅槃城。又如同男女在粪秽处排泄大小便后,不会将其抱在怀中或用布包裹带走,而是心生厌恶,毫无留恋地弃之而去;同样地,我也应毫无牵挂地舍弃此臭秽之身,进入不死涅槃城。又如同船师将破旧的船只毫无留恋地舍弃后离去;同样地,我也将舍弃这从九个疮口流漏之身,毫无牵挂地进入涅槃城。又如同有人携带各种珍宝与盗贼同行,因害怕自己的珍宝被夺,便舍弃珍宝而择取安全的道路;同样地,此业生身如同掠夺珍宝的盗贼。我如果对这个身体产生渴爱,我那圣道与善法的珍宝就会失去。因此,我应舍弃这如同盗贼的身体,进入不死的大涅槃城。’
Aparampi cintesi – ‘‘yathā maṇḍanakajātiko puriso kaṇṭhe āsattaṃ kuṇapaṃ chaḍḍetvā sukhaṃ gaccheyya, evaṃ mayāpi imaṃ pūtikāyaṃ chaḍḍetvā anapekkhena nibbānanagaraṃ pavisitabbaṃ. Yathā ca naranāriyo ukkārabhūmiyaṃ uccārapassāvaṃ katvā na taṃ ucchaṅgena vā ādāya, dussantena vā veṭhetvā gacchanti, jigucchamānā pana anapekkhāva, chaḍḍetvā gacchanti, evaṃ mayāpi imaṃ pūtikāyaṃ anapekkhena chaḍḍetvā amatanibbānanagaraṃ pavisituṃ vaṭṭati. Yathā ca nāvikā nāma jajjaraṃ nāvaṃ anapekkhāva chaḍḍetvā gacchanti, evaṃ ahampi imaṃ navahi vaṇamukhehi paggharantaṃ kāyaṃ chaḍḍetvā anapekkho nibbānapuraṃ pavisissāmi. Yathā ca puriso nānāratanāni ādāya corehi saddhiṃ maggaṃ gacchanto attano ratananāsabhayena te chaḍḍetvā khemaṃ maggaṃ gaṇhāti, evaṃ ayampi karajakāyo ratanavilopakacorasadiso. Sacāhaṃ ettha taṇhaṃ karissāmi, ariyamaggakusaladhammaratanaṃ me nassissati, tasmā mayā imaṃ corasadisaṃ kāyaṃ chaḍḍetvā amatamahānibbānanagaraṃ pavisituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. Tena vuttaṃ –
75正如有人对颈上系着的死尸感到厌恶,
‘‘Yathāpi kuṇapaṃ puriso, kaṇṭhe baddhaṃ jigucchiya;
76将其解下后,便快乐、自由、自主地行走。
Mocayitvāna gaccheyya, sukhī serī sayaṃvasī.
77同样地,这个腐烂的身体,无非是种种不净物的积聚;
‘‘Tathevimaṃ pūtikāyaṃ, nānākuṇapasañcayaṃ;
78舍弃它之后,我将毫无牵挂、无所需求地离去。
Chaḍḍayitvāna gaccheyyaṃ, anapekkho anatthiko.
79如同在厕所里,人们将粪便
‘‘Yathā uccāraṭṭhānamhi, karīsaṃ naranāriyo;
80舍弃后离去,毫无牵挂,也不留恋。
Chaḍḍayitvāna gacchanti, anapekkhā anatthikā.
81同样地,我对于这个充满种种不净物的身体,
‘‘Evamevāhaṃ imaṃ kāyaṃ, nānākuṇapapūritaṃ;
82舍弃后我将离去,就像排完粪便后离开厕所一样。
Chaḍḍayitvāna gacchissaṃ, vaccaṃ katvā yathā kuṭiṃ.
83正如一艘破旧的老船,漏水而沉入水中;
‘‘Yathāpi jajjaraṃ nāvaṃ, paluggaṃ udagāhiniṃ;
84船主们舍弃它后离去,无牵挂,无需求。
Sāmī chaḍḍetvā gacchanti, anapekkhā anatthikā.
85同样地,我对于这个有九个孔洞、一直流出不净之物的身体,
‘‘Evamevāhaṃ imaṃ kāyaṃ, navacchiddaṃ dhuvassavaṃ;
86我要把它舍弃然后离去,就像船主舍弃一艘破旧的船。
Chaḍḍayitvāna gacchissaṃ, jiṇṇanāvaṃva sāmikā.
87就像有人带着财物与盗贼同行,
‘‘Yathāpi puriso corehi, gacchanto bhaṇḍamādiya;
88看到财物有被抢断的危险,便舍弃财物离去。
Bhaṇḍacchedabhayaṃ disvā, chaḍḍayitvāna gacchati.
89同样地,这个身体就像一个大盗贼;
‘‘Evameva ayaṃ kāyo, mahācorasamo viya;
90由于害怕它截断我的善法,我将会舍弃这个身体离去。
Pahāyimaṃ gamissāmi, kusalacchedanā bhayā’’ti.
91就这样,须弥陀智者用种种譬喻思惟了这关乎出离的道理后,便在自己住处将无量财富如前面所说施予穷人、旅人等,举行了广大的布施;之后他舍弃事欲与烦恼欲,从不死城出离,独自一人前往雪山,依止一座名为法山的山,在那里建起精舍,并在精舍中设置了叶屋和经行道。为了成就以‘如是心善统一’等方法所说明的、远离五种盖的过失、具足八种功德且被称为神通的力量,在那精舍处,他舍弃了带有九种过失的布料,改穿具足十二种功德的树皮衣,出家为仙人。出家之后,他又舍弃那带有八种过失的叶屋,去亲近具足十种功德的树下,放弃一切谷物制品,只以自然成熟果实为食;并且只用打坐与经行两种方式勤修精进,仅仅在七天之内,他便成就了八种禅定和五种神通。就这样,他如愿获得了神通力。所以说:
Evaṃ sumedhapaṇḍito nānāvidhāhi upamāhi imaṃ nekkhammūpasaṃhitaṃ atthaṃ cintetvā sakanivesane aparimitabhogakkhandhaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayena kapaṇaddhikādīnaṃ vissajjetvā mahādānaṃ datvā vatthukāme ca kilesakāme ca pahāya amaranagarato nikkhamitvā ekakova himavante dhammikaṃ nāma pabbataṃ nissāya assamaṃ katvā tattha paṇṇasālañca caṅkamañca māpetvā pañcahi nīvaraṇadosehi vajjitaṃ ‘‘evaṃ samāhite citte’’tiādinā nayena vuttehi aṭṭhahi kāraṇaguṇehi samupetaṃ abhiññāsaṅkhātaṃ balaṃ āharituṃ tasmiṃ assamapade navadosasamannāgataṃ sāṭakaṃ pajahitvā, dvādasaguṇasamannāgataṃ vākacīraṃ nivāsetvā, isipabbajjaṃ pabbaji. Evaṃ pabbajito aṭṭhadosasamākiṇṇaṃ taṃ paṇṇasālaṃ pahāya dasaguṇasamannāgataṃ rukkhamūlaṃ upagantvā sabbaṃ dhaññavikatiṃ pahāya pavattaphalabhojano hutvā nisajjaṭṭhānacaṅkamanavaseneva padhānaṃ padahanto sattāhabbhantareyeva aṭṭhannaṃ samāpattīnaṃ pañcannañca abhiññānaṃ lābhī ahosi. Evaṃ taṃ yathāpatthitaṃ abhiññābalaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ –
92我如此思惟之后,用数亿的财富,
‘‘Evāhaṃ cintayitvāna, nekakoṭisataṃ dhanaṃ;
93施舍了有依靠者和无依靠者之后,前往雪山。
Nāthānāthānaṃ datvāna, himavantamupāgamiṃ.
94在雪山附近,有一座山名叫法山。
‘‘Himavantassāvidūre, dhammiko nāma pabbato;
95我的隐修处善作,树叶屋美造。
Assamo sukato mayhaṃ, paṇṇasālā sumāpitā.
96我在那里铺设了经行道,它远离五种过失。
‘‘Caṅkamaṃ tattha māpesiṃ, pañcadosavivajjitaṃ;
97我获得了具足八种功德的神通力。
Aṭṭhaguṇasamupetaṃ, abhiññābalamāhariṃ.
98在那里,我舍弃了带有九种过失的衣服。
‘‘Sāṭakaṃ pajahiṃ tattha, navadosamupāgataṃ;
99我穿上了具足十二种功德的树皮衣。
Vākacīraṃ nivāsesiṃ, dvādasaguṇamupāgataṃ.
100我舍弃了充满八种过失的树叶屋。
‘‘Aṭṭhadosasamākiṇṇaṃ, pajahiṃ paṇṇasālakaṃ;
101我走到那具足十种功德的树下。
Upāgamiṃ rukkhamūlaṃ, guṇe dasahupāgataṃ.
102我毫无保留地舍弃了所有播种和栽种的谷物;
‘‘Vāpitaṃ ropitaṃ dhaññaṃ, pajahiṃ niravasesato;
103我享用了那自然生长、具足种种功德的果实。
Anekaguṇasampannaṃ, pavattaphalamādiyiṃ.
104在那里,我在坐禅处和经行处精进努力;
‘‘Tatthappadhānaṃ padahiṃ, nisajjaṭṭhānacaṅkame;
105七天之内,我便证得了神通力。
Abbhantaramhi sattāhe, abhiññābala pāpuṇi’’nti.
106这里,通过‘我的隐修处善作,树叶屋美造’这些经句,表面上看,似乎隐修处、树叶屋和经行处是善慧智者亲手建造的。但实际上是这样的:帝释天看到大士即将进入雪山,并且今天就要进入法山,便对毗首羯磨天子说:“亲爱的,这位善慧智者已经离家,说‘我要出家’,你去为他建造住处吧。”毗首羯磨天子领受帝释天的吩咐,建造了一座令人愉悦的隐修处、一座善加防护的树叶屋和一条令人愉悦的经行处。而世尊那时是着眼于那个依靠自己福德威力而成就的隐修处,才说:“舍利弗,在那座法山——
Tattha ‘‘assamo sukato mayhaṃ, paṇṇasālā sumāpitā’’ti imāya pana pāḷiyā sumedhapaṇḍitena assamapaṇṇasālacaṅkamā sahatthā māpitā viya vuttā. Ayaṃ panettha attho – mahāsattañhi ‘‘himavantaṃ ajjhogāhetvā ajja dhammikapabbataṃ pavisissatī’’ti disvā sakko vissakammadevaputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘tāta, ayaṃ sumedhapaṇḍito ‘pabbajissāmī’ti nikkhanto, etassa vasanaṭṭhānaṃ māpehī’’ti. So tassa vacanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā ramaṇīyaṃ assamaṃ, suguttaṃ paṇṇasālaṃ, manoramaṃ caṅkamañca māpesi. Bhagavā pana tadā attano puññānubhāvena nipphannaṃ taṃ assamapadaṃ sandhāya ‘‘sāriputta, tasmiṃ dhammikapabbate –
107我的隐修处善作,树叶屋美造;
‘‘Assamo sukato mayhaṃ, paṇṇasālā sumāpitā;
108我在那里建造了经行道,它远离五种过失。”
Caṅkamaṃ tattha māpesiṃ, pañcadosavivajjita’’’nti. –
109在这里,「sukato mayhaṃ」意思是“由我善加做好”。「paṇṇasālā sumāpitā」的意思是“我那以树叶为盖的屋也善加建造完成了”。
Āha. Tattha sukato mayhanti suṭṭhu kato mayā. Paṇṇasālā sumāpitāti paṇṇacchadanasālāpi me sumāpitā ahosi.
110「pañcadosavivajjitaṃ」指避开了五种经行的过失,这五种过失叫作:地面坚硬不平、内部有树木、杂草密覆、过于狭窄、过于宽阔。事实上,在坚硬不平的地面上经行,脚会疼痛,会起水泡,心不能专一,业处也会退失。而在柔软平坦的地面上,则能安住轻利,业处得以成就。因此,地面坚硬不平应知为第一种过失。如果在经行处的内部、中间或角落有树木,经行的人因为放逸,额头或头就会撞到,所以‘内部有树木’是第二种过失。在杂草、藤蔓等密密覆盖的经行处经行,在昏暗时分,可能会踩踏或杀死蛇等众生,或者被它们咬到而受苦,所以‘杂草密覆’是第三种过失。在过于狭窄的经行处,宽度只有一宝或半宝,经行的人会在边界处绊倒,甚至指甲、手指都会破损,所以‘过于狭窄’是第四种过失。在过于宽阔的经行处经行,心念会散驰,不能得到专一,所以‘过于宽阔’是第五种过失。然而,如果经行处宽度是一又半宝,两侧各留一宝宽的边沿,长度六十肘,表面柔软,均匀铺撒细沙,这样的经行处就是适宜的,就像岛上那位使岛屿光显的大摩哂陀长老的经行处一样。他(善慧)所造的就是那样的经行处。因此说:‘caṅkamaṃ tattha māpesiṃ, pañcadosavivajjita’。”
Pañcadosavivajjitanti pañcime caṅkamadosā nāma thaddhavisamatā, antorukkhatā, gahanacchannatā , atisambādhatā, ativisālatāti. Thaddhavisamabhūmibhāgasmiñhi caṅkame caṅkamantassa pādā rujjanti, phoṭā uṭṭhahanti, cittaṃ ekaggataṃ na labhati, kammaṭṭhānaṃ vipajjati. Mudusamatale pana phāsuvihāraṃ āgamma kammaṭṭhānaṃ sampajjati. Tasmā thaddhavisamabhūmibhāgatā eko dosoti veditabbo. Caṅkamassa anto vā majjhe vā koṭiyaṃ vā rukkhe sati pamādamāgamma caṅkamantassa nalāṭaṃ vā sīsaṃ vā paṭihaññatīti antorukkhatā dutiyo doso. Tiṇalatādigahanacchanne caṅkame caṅkamanto andhakāravelāyaṃ uragādike pāṇe akkamitvā vā māreti, tehi vā daṭṭho dukkhaṃ āpajjatīti gahanacchannatā tatiyo doso. Atisambādhe caṅkame vitthārato ratanike vā aḍḍharatanike vā caṅkamantassa paricchede pakkhalitvā nakhāpi aṅguliyopi bhijjantīti atisambādhatā catuttho doso. Ativisāle caṅkame caṅkamantassa cittaṃ vidhāvati, ekaggataṃ na labhatīti ativisālatā pañcamo doso. Puthulato pana diyaḍḍharatanaṃ dvīsu passesu ratanamattaṃ anucaṅkamaṃ dīghato saṭṭhihatthaṃ mudutalaṃ samavippakiṇṇavālukaṃ caṅkamaṃ vaṭṭati cetiyagirimhi dīpappasādakamahāmahindattherassa caṅkamaṃ viya, tādisaṃ taṃ ahosi. Tenāha – ‘‘caṅkamaṃ tattha māpesiṃ, pañcadosavivajjita’’nti.
111「aṭṭhaguṇasamupetaṃ」意思是具备八种沙门乐。这八种沙门乐就是:没有对财富和谷物的执取;以无过失的方式寻求团食;寂灭者受用团食的状态;在那些压榨国家、夺取财宝或印花钱币等的王族中,没有压迫国家的烦恼;对资具没有欲贪;不畏惧盗贼的掠夺;不与国王、大臣等交往;在四方都没有障碍。这是说:“就像住在那精舍中就能获得这八种乐一样,我建成了具足这八种功德的精舍。”
Aṭṭhaguṇasamupetanti aṭṭhahi samaṇasukhehi upetaṃ. Aṭṭhimāni samaṇasukhāni nāma dhanadhaññapariggahābhāvo, anavajjapiṇḍapātapariyesanabhāvo, nibbutapiṇḍapātabhuñjanabhāvo, raṭṭhaṃ pīḷetvā dhanasāraṃ vā sīsakahāpaṇādīni vā gaṇhantesu rājakulesu raṭṭhapīḷanakilesābhāvo, upakaraṇesu nicchandarāgabhāvo, coravilope nibbhayabhāvo, rājarājamahāmattehi asaṃsaṭṭhabhāvo, catūsu disāsu appaṭihatabhāvoti . Idaṃ vuttaṃ hoti – ‘‘yathā tasmiṃ assame vasantena sakkā honti imāni aṭṭha sukhāni vindituṃ, evaṃ aṭṭhaguṇasamupetaṃ taṃ assamaṃ māpesi’’nti.
112「abhiññābalamāhariṃ」指的是后来我住在那个精舍里,修习遍作,为了生起神通与等至,从无常和苦的角度开始修观,从而成就了强而有力的观力。意思是:如同我住在那里能够成就这种力,我就把精舍建成为适合修习神通与观力的处所。
Abhiññābalamāharinti pacchā tasmiṃ assame vasanto kasiṇaparikammaṃ katvā abhiññānañca samāpattīnañca uppādanatthāya aniccato ca dukkhato ca vipassanaṃ ārabhitvā thāmappattaṃ vipassanābalaṃ āhariṃ. Yathā tasmiṃ vasanto taṃ balaṃ āharituṃ sakkomi, evaṃ taṃ assamaṃ abhiññatthāya vipassanābalassa anucchavikaṃ katvā māpesinti attho.
113「sāṭakaṃ pajahiṃ tattha, navadosamupāgataṃ」这一段是按顺序叙述的。据说,那时善慧菩萨建造了一座精舍,那精舍有石窟、经行处等作为庄严,布满了花果树,有悦意甘甜的蓄水池,远离猛兽和怖畏的鸟声,堪能用于修远离。在经行处的两端,他安置了扶手板,并在经行处的中央铺设了平坦的绿豆色石板作为坐具;在叶屋里面,他放置了束发圈、树皮衣、三叉杖、水瓶等出家沙门的资具;在亭阁里安放了水缸、饮用水、螺杯、饮碗;在火堂中备置了木炭、火盆、柴薪等等。像这样,凡是能利益出家者的所有资具,全部准备妥当后,他在叶屋的墙上刻下文字:“任何想要出家的人,可以取用这些资具而出家。”那时,善慧菩萨心想毗首羯磨天子已经在天界,而帝释天在他之前所赠、由毗首羯磨神力所造、位于雪山山麓沿山壑适宜居住的舒适处,正看见了一座河流回弯处没有足迹、令人愉悦的精舍。他走到经行处的尽头,没见到足迹,便想:“必定是出家者到附近的村庄去乞食,劳累后回到叶屋坐下了。”他稍等了一下,又想:“耽误得太久了,我应当进去看看。”于是他打开叶屋的门走进去,四处观看,见到大壁上的文字,读诵后心想:“这些正是适合我的资具,我就取用这些而出家吧。”于是他舍弃了自己身上所穿着的内外衣物一套。因此说“sāṭakaṃ pajahiṃ tattha”。舍利弗,我就这样进入那座叶屋,舍离了衣物。
Sāṭakaṃ pajahiṃ tattha, navadosamupāgatanti etthāyaṃ anupubbikathā. Tadā kira kuṭileṇacaṅkamādipaṭimaṇḍitaṃ pupphūpagaphalūpagarukkhasañchannaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ madhurasalilāsayaṃ apagatavāḷamigabhiṃsanakasakuṇaṃ pavivekakkhamaṃ assamaṃ māpetvā alaṅkatacaṅkamassa ubhosu antesu ālambanaphalakaṃ saṃvidhāya nisīdanatthāya caṅkamavemajjhe samatalaṃ muggavaṇṇasilaṃ māpetvā anto paṇṇasālāya jaṭāmaṇḍalavākacīratidaṇḍakuṇḍikādike tāpasaparikkhāre maṇḍape pānīyaghaṭapānīyasaṅkhapānīyasarāvāni, aggisālāyaṃ aṅgārakapalladāruādīnīti evaṃ yaṃ yaṃ pabbajitānaṃ upakārāya saṃvattati, taṃ sabbaṃ māpetvā paṇṇasālāya bhittiyaṃ – ‘‘ye keci pabbajitukāmā ime parikkhāre gahetvā pabbajantū’’ti akkharāni chinditvā devalokameva gate vissakammadevaputte sumedhapaṇḍito himavantapāde girikandarānusārena attano nivāsānurūpaṃ phāsukaṭṭhānaṃ olokento nadīnivattane vissakammanimmitaṃ sakkadattiyaṃ ramaṇīyaṃ assamaṃ disvā caṅkamanakoṭiṃ gantvā padavaḷañjaṃ apassanto ‘‘dhuvaṃ pabbajitā dhuragāme bhikkhaṃ pariyesitvā kilantarūpā āgantvā paṇṇasālaṃ pavisitvā nisinnā bhavissantī’’ti cintetvā thokaṃ āgametvā ‘‘ativiya cirāyanti, jānissāmī’’ti paṇṇasāladvāraṃ vivaritvā anto pavisitvā ito cito ca olokento mahābhittiyaṃ akkharāni vācetvā ‘‘mayhaṃ kappiyaparikkhārā ete, ime gahetvā pabbajissāmī’’ti attanā nivatthapārutaṃ sāṭakayugaṃ pajahi. Tenāha ‘‘sāṭakaṃ pajahiṃ tatthā’’ti. Evaṃ paviṭṭho ahaṃ, sāriputta, tassaṃ paṇṇasālāyaṃ sāṭakaṃ pajahiṃ.
114「navadosamupāgataṃ」说明他在舍弃布料时,是见到了九种过失才舍弃的。对于依苦行者出家法而出家的人来说,在布料上确实有九种过失现起:价值昂贵是一种过失;由于依属于他人而生起,是一种过失;由受用而迅速变脏,是一种过失,因为脏了就必须浣洗、染色;由受用而破损,是一种过失,因为破了就必须缝补或打补丁;再次寻求时难以获得,是一种过失;对于苦行者出家并不相称,是一种过失;与敌人共通,是一种过失,因为就像要防止敌人夺取,必须小心守护;受用时成为装饰之处,是一种过失;带着它到处走时,成为肩头的重担并增长多欲,是一种过失。
Navadosamupāgatanti sāṭakaṃ pajahanto nava dose disvā pajahinti dīpeti. Tāpasapabbajjaṃ pabbajitānañhi sāṭakasmiṃ nava dosā upaṭṭhahanti. Mahagghabhāvo eko doso, parapaṭibaddhatāya uppajjanabhāvo eko, paribhogena lahuṃ kilissanabhāvo eko, kiliṭṭho hi dhovitabbo ca rajitabbo ca hoti, paribhogena jīraṇabhāvo eko, jiṇṇassa hi tunnaṃ vā aggaḷadānaṃ vā kātabbaṃ hoti, puna pariyesanāya durabhisambhavabhāvo eko, tāpasapabbajjāya asāruppabhāvo eko, paccatthikānaṃ sādhāraṇabhāvo eko, yathā hi naṃ paccatthikā na gaṇhanti, evaṃ gopetabbo hoti, paribhuñjantassa vibhūsanaṭṭhānabhāvo eko, gahetvā vicarantassa khandhabhāramahicchabhāvo ekoti.
115「vākacīraṃ nivāsesiṃ」意思是:那时,舍利弗,我见到了这九种过失,舍弃了布料,而穿用了树皮衣,也就是取用将文阇草劈成细条后编结而成的树皮衣,作为下衣和上衣。
Vākacīraṃ nivāsesinti tadāhaṃ, sāriputta, ime nava dose disvā sāṭakaṃ pahāya vākacīraṃ nivāsesiṃ, muñjatiṇaṃ hīraṃ hīraṃ katvā ganthetvā kataṃ vākacīraṃ nivāsanapārupanatthāya ādiyinti attho.
116「dvādasa guṇamupāgataṃ」意思是具备十二种功德。在树皮衣上确实有十二种功德:第一,价值低廉、美好且适宜,这是第一种功德;第二,可以亲手制作,这是第二种;第三,受用时污损得很慢,要浣洗时也不费事,这是第三种;第四,受用破损时不需要缝补,这是第四种;第五,再次寻求时容易再制作,这是第五种;第六,与苦行者出家相称,这是第六种;第七,对敌人来说毫无可用之利益,这是第七种;第八,受用时不会成为装饰之处,这是第八种;第九,持用时轻便,这是第九种;第十,对袈裟资具少欲,这是第十种;第十一,由树皮产生,是如法而无过失的,这是第十一种;第十二,树皮衣如果丢失了,心中也不会恋着,这是第十二种。
Dvādasa guṇamupāgatanti dvādasahi ānisaṃsehi samannāgataṃ. Vākacīrasmiñhi dvādasa ānisaṃsā – appagghaṃ sundaraṃ kappiyanti ayaṃ tāva eko ānisaṃso, sahatthā kātuṃ sakkāti ayaṃ dutiyo, paribhogena saṇikaṃ kilissati, dhoviyamānepi papañco natthīti ayaṃ tatiyo, paribhogena jiṇṇepi sibbitabbābhāvo catuttho, puna pariyesantassa sukhena karaṇabhāvo pañcamo, tāpasapabbajjāya sāruppabhāvo chaṭṭho, paccatthikānaṃ nirupabhogabhāvo sattamo, paribhuñjantassa vibhūsanaṭṭhānābhāvo aṭṭhamo, dhāraṇe sallahukabhāvo navamo, cīvarapaccaye appicchabhāvo dasamo, vākuppattiyā dhammikaanavajjabhāvo ekādasamo, vākacīre naṭṭhepi anapekkhabhāvo dvādasamoti.
117他是怎样舍弃的呢?据说,这位大士脱下那身上好的细布衣,从挂衣竿上拿起一件系在那里的红树皮衣——这树皮衣的颜色就像一串末利花一样鲜红——然后穿上。接着,又在外面披上另一件金色的树皮衣。他把一张带有粗硬毛、像铺开的龙花树花褥般的羚羊皮做成偏袒覆肩,戴上发髻网,为了让它和顶髻一起固定不动,插上一根硬木针。在宛如珍珠网一般的网袋里,放入一只珊瑚色的水壶。之后,他拿起一根在三处弯曲的扁担,把水壶挂在一头的担尖上,把钩子、袋子和手杖等挂在另一头。他把这带东西的担子扛在肩上,右手拿着竹杖,从叶屋走了出来。来到六十肘长的大经行处,他来回经行,同时看着自己的模样,心中思惟:‘我的愿望已经达成了,我的出家的确很庄严。这种出家的生活,是被佛陀、辟支佛等一切有智之人所称扬赞叹的。我已经断除了在家的束缚,已经出离,已经出家,得到了最殊胜的出家。我将要修习沙门法,也一定会证得道果之乐。’这样生起了精进心后,他放下肩上的担子,在经行处中间那块绿豆色的石板上,像一尊金像一般坐下,度过了白天。傍晚时分,他进入叶屋,在竹床旁边的草席上躺下来,让身体恢复舒适。在清晨强力醒来时,他反思自己来到这里的原因:‘我见到了居家的过患,舍弃了无量的财富、无边的名声,进入山林,为了寻求出离而出家。从今以后,不应再放逸地生活了。因为如果舍弃了远离,到处游荡,就会被邪寻的苍蝇所吞噬。现在我应当修习远离。我正是因为看见居家是障碍,才出离的。而这座叶屋也的确可意:地面像处理过的木苹果色那样平整,白墙像银子一样,树叶做的屋顶像鸽子的脚那样带点红色,竹床如同色彩缤纷的敷具,这里是一个舒适的住处。比起我在家时的种种成就,这儿似乎一点也不差。’然而,当他开始审察叶屋的过患时,便见到了八种过患。
Aṭṭhadosasamākiṇṇaṃ, pajahiṃ paṇṇasālakanti kathaṃ pajahiṃ? So kira varasāṭakayugaṃ omuñcanto cīvaravaṃse laggitaṃ anojapupphadāmasadisaṃ rattaṃ vākacīraṃ gahetvā nivāsetvā tassūpari aparaṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ vākacīraṃ paridahitvā punnāgapupphasantharasadisaṃ sakhuraṃ ajinacammaṃ ekaṃsaṃ katvā jaṭāmaṇḍalaṃ paṭimuñcitvā cūḷāya saddhiṃ niccalabhāvakaraṇatthaṃ sārasūciṃ pavesetvā muttājālasadisāya sikkāya pavāḷavaṇṇaṃ kuṇḍikaṃ odahitvā tīsu ṭhānesu vaṅkaṃ kājaṃ ādāya ekissā kājakoṭiyā kuṇḍikaṃ, ekissā aṅkusapacchitidaṇḍakādīni olaggetvā khārikājaṃ aṃse katvā dakkhiṇena hatthena kattaradaṇḍaṃ gahetvā paṇṇasālato nikkhamitvā saṭṭhihatthe mahācaṅkame aparāparaṃ caṅkamanto attano vesaṃ oloketvā – ‘‘mayhaṃ manoratho matthakaṃ patto, sobhati vata me pabbajjā, buddhapaccekabuddhādīhi sabbehi dhīrapurisehi vaṇṇitā thomitā ayaṃ pabbajjā nāma, pahīnaṃ me gihibandhanaṃ, nikkhantosmi nekkhammaṃ, laddhā me uttamapabbajjā, karissāmi samaṇadhammaṃ, labhissāmi maggaphalasukha’’nti ussāhajāto khārikājaṃ otāretvā caṅkamavemajjhe muggavaṇṇasilāpaṭṭe suvaṇṇapaṭimā viya nisinno divasabhāgaṃ vītināmetvā sāyanhasamayaṃ paṇṇasālaṃ pavisitvā bidalamañcakapasse kaṭṭhattharikāya nipanno sarīraṃ utuṃ gāhāpetvā balavapaccūse pabujjhitvā attano āgamanaṃ āvajjesi – ‘‘ahaṃ gharāvāse ādīnavaṃ disvā amitabhogaṃ anantayasaṃ pahāya araññaṃ pavisitvā nekkhammagavesako hutvā pabbajito. Ito dāni paṭṭhāya pamādacāraṃ carituṃ na vaṭṭati, pavivekañhi pahāya vicarantaṃ micchāvitakkamakkhikā khādanti, idāni mayā vivekamanubrūhetuṃ vaṭṭati, ahañhi gharāvāsaṃ palibodhato disvā nikkhanto, ayañca manāpā paṇṇasālā, beluvapakkavaṇṇā paribhaṇḍakatā bhūmi, rajatavaṇṇā setabhittiyo, kapotapādavaṇṇaṃ paṇṇacchadanaṃ, vicittattharaṇavaṇṇo bidalamañcako, nivāsaphāsukaṃ vasanaṭṭhānaṃ, na etto atirekatarā viya me gehasampadā paññāyatī’’ti paṇṇasālāya dose vicinanto aṭṭha dose passi.
118在受用叶屋时,有八种过患:第一种过患是「需要大量准备」,即必须把建筑材料收集起来,然后寻求建造;第二种是「需要持续守护」,因为一旦草、叶、泥土掉落,就必须反复安放回去;第三种是「会被打扰坐起」,因为坐卧具名义上是归长老受用的,在非时被叫起来的话,心的一境性就不会生起;第四种是「让身体变得细柔」,这是为了抵御寒冷、炎热等的碰撞;第五种是「隐藏了该受谴责的事」,因为进了屋子的人会认为“什么恶事都可以在这里做”;第六种是「执为我有」而把它占为己有的过患;第七种是「如同与同伴共住」,所谓房屋的存在,就好比是必须与第二个人一起居住的地方;第八种是「与众多共有」,因为这是与虱子、手指(甲垢)、家蜥蜴等所共用的。大士见到这八种过患之后,就舍弃了叶屋。因此他说:‘被八种过患充塞的叶屋,我舍弃了。’
Paṇṇasālaparibhogasmiñhi aṭṭha ādīnavā – mahāsamārambhena dabbasambhāre samodhānetvā karaṇapariyesanabhāvo eko ādīnavo, tiṇapaṇṇamattikāsu patitāsu tāsaṃ punappunaṃ ṭhapetabbatāya nibaddhajagganabhāvo dutiyo, senāsanaṃ nāma mahallakassa pāpuṇāti, avelāya vuṭṭhāpiyamānassa cittekaggatā na hotīti uṭṭhāpanīyabhāvo tatiyo, sītuṇhādipaṭighātena kāyassa sukhumālakaraṇabhāvo catuttho , gehaṃ paviṭṭhena yaṃkiñci pāpaṃ sakkā kātunti garahāpaṭicchādanabhāvo pañcamo, ‘‘mayha’’nti pariggahakaraṇabhāvo chaṭṭho, gehassa atthibhāvo nāmesa sadutiyakavāso viyāti sattamo, ūkāmaṅgulagharagoḷikādīnaṃ sādhāraṇatāya bahusādhāraṇabhāvo aṭṭhamo. Iti ime aṭṭha ādīnave disvā mahāsatto paṇṇasālaṃ pajahi. Tenāha – ‘‘aṭṭhadosasamākiṇṇaṃ, pajahiṃ paṇṇasālaka’’nti.
119‘我亲近了树下,以十种功德而亲近。’意思是,拒绝了房屋之后,我亲近了具足十种功德的树下。在这里,这十种功德是:第一,‘少有所作’,因为树下只需走过去而已。第二,‘无需维护’,因为树下的地面,无论扫过还是没有扫过,对于受用来说都是舒适的。第三,‘不会被人叫起来’。第四,‘不遮掩过失’,因为在树下如果做恶事,会感到羞惭,所以说‘过失不会被掩盖’。第五,‘不会让身体僵硬’,就像在露天中安住一样,身体不会变得僵硬,这是身体不僵硬的功德。第六,‘没有执取’。第七,‘是对家宅的摒弃’。第八,‘没有被驱赶的顾虑’,不会像在多人共有的房屋里那样,有人说‘我要打扫了,你们出去吧’,这里没有驱赶人的事。第九,‘居住者怀有喜悦’。第十,‘树下坐卧具在任何一个所到之处都容易获得’,因此对它没有留恋。见到这十种功德后,他说:‘我亲近了树下。’
Upāgamiṃ rukkhamūlaṃ, guṇe dasahupāgatanti channaṃ paṭikkhipitvā dasahi guṇehi upetaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ upagatosmīti vadati. Tatrime dasa guṇā – appasamārambhatā eko guṇo, upagamanamattakameva hi tattha hotīti. Appaṭijagganatā dutiyo, tañhi sammaṭṭhampi asammaṭṭhampi paribhogaphāsukaṃ hotiyeva. Anuṭṭhāpanīyabhāvo tatiyo. Garahaṃ nappaṭicchādeti, tattha hi pāpaṃ karonto lajjatīti garahāya appaṭicchannabhāvo catuttho. Abbhokāsavāso viya kāyaṃ na santhambhetīti kāyassa asanthambhanabhāvo pañcamo, pariggahakaraṇābhāvo chaṭṭho, gehālayapaṭikkhepo sattamo. Bahusādhāraṇe gehe viya ‘‘paṭijaggissāmi naṃ, nikkhamathā’’ti nīharaṇakābhāvo aṭṭhamo, vasantassa sappītikabhāvo navamo, rukkhamūlasenāsanassa gatagataṭṭhāne sulabhatāya anapekkhabhāvo dasamoti ime dasaguṇe disvā rukkhamūlaṃ upagatosmīti vadati.
120大士如此思量了这些种种的理由之后,第二天便进入村庄乞食。那时,在他所到达的村庄里,人们以极大的热情供养了他食物。他完成饭食后,回到自己的静修处坐下,心中思惟:‘我并不是为了得到食物而出家的。据说精细美好的食物只会增长骄慢、沉醉和体力,而且以食物为根本的苦,是没有尽头的。我为什么不舍弃那些需要靠耕种和播种才能获得的谷物之食,而只以自然掉落的果实作为食物呢?’从此以后,他便这样去做,精进努力地实践,仅在七天之内,就证得了八种等至和五种神通。因此有了下面的话:
Imāni hi ettakāni kāraṇāni sallakkhetvā mahāsatto punadivase bhikkhāya gāmaṃ pāvisi. Athassa sampattagāme manussā mahantena ussāhena bhikkhaṃ adaṃsu. So bhattakiccaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā assamaṃ āgamma nisīditvā cintesi – ‘‘nāhaṃ ‘āhāraṃ labhāmī’ti pabbajito, siniddhāhāro nāmesa mānamadapurisamade vaḍḍheti, āhāramūlakassa ca dukkhassa anto natthi, yaṃnūnāhaṃ vāpitaropitadhaññanibbattakaṃ āhāraṃ pajahitvā pavattaphalabhojano bhaveyya’’nti. So tato paṭṭhāya tathā katvā ghaṭento vāyamanto sattāhabbhantareyeva aṭṭha samāpattiyo pañca ca abhiññāyo nibbattesi. Tena vuttaṃ –
121‘耕种、播种所生的谷物,我已毫无剩余地舍弃;
‘‘Vāpitaṃ ropitaṃ dhaññaṃ, pajahiṃ niravasesato;
122具足众多功德的、自然掉落的果实,我取而食用。
Anekaguṇasampannaṃ, pavattaphalamādiyiṃ.
123‘就在那里,我精进努力,或在坐处,或在经行处;
‘‘Tatthappadhānaṃ padahiṃ, nisajjaṭṭhānacaṅkame;
124仅在短短的七天之内,我便获得了神通力。
Abbhantaramhi sattāhe, abhiññābala pāpuṇi’’nti.
130燃灯佛
Dīpaṅkaro buddho
125当善慧苦行者这样获得神通力,以等至之乐度日的时候,名为燃灯佛的大师出现于世间。在他入胎、诞生、成道、转法轮的时候,整个一万世界都震动、大震动、遍震动,发出大响声,三十二种前兆也出现了。善慧苦行者因以等至之乐度日,既没有听到那些声音,也没有看到那些相。因此,经中说:
Evaṃ abhiññābalaṃ patvā sumedhatāpase samāpattisukhena vītināmente dīpaṅkaro nāma satthā loke udapādi. Tassa paṭisandhijātibodhi dhammacakkappavattanesu sakalāpi dasasahassilokadhātu saṅkampi sampakampi sampavedhi, mahāviravaṃ ravi, dvattiṃsa pubbanimittāni pāturahesuṃ. Sumedhatāpaso samāpattisukhena vītināmento neva taṃ saddamassosi, na ca tāni nimittāni addasa. Tena vuttaṃ –
126「像我这样已得成就、在教法中得自在的人,
‘‘Evaṃ me siddhippattassa, vasībhūtassa sāsane;
127名为燃灯佛的胜利者、世间的导师出现了。
Dīpaṅkaro nāma jino, uppajji lokanāyako.
128在他入胎、降生、觉悟、宣说正法之时,
‘‘Uppajjante ca jāyante, bujjhante dhammadesane;
129这四种相我一个也没见到,因为我沉湎于禅那之乐。
Caturo nimitte nāddasaṃ, jhānaratisamappito’’ti.
130那时,具足十力的燃灯佛,被四组十万漏尽者围绕,次第游化,来到了名为‘可爱城’的城市,住在善见大寺。可爱城的居民们听说:‘据说沙门之尊燃灯佛已证得最上正觉,转动了殊胜的法轮,现在次第游化,到了我们的可爱城,住在善见大寺。’于是,他们让人带上酥油、鲜奶油等以及药品和衣布,手持香、花等物品,全心倾向于佛、倾向于法、倾向于僧,前往导师那里。礼敬之后,用香、花等作供养,坐在一边听法,然后邀请佛陀明日接受供养,最后从座位起身离去。
Tasmiṃ kāle dīpaṅkaradasabalo catūhi khīṇāsavasatasahassehi parivuto anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno rammaṃ nāma nagaraṃ patvā sudassanamahāvihāre paṭivasati. Rammanagaravāsino ‘‘dīpaṅkaro kira samaṇissaro paramābhisambodhiṃ patvā pavattavaradhammacakko anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno amhākaṃ rammanagaraṃ patvā sudassanamahāvihāre paṭivasatī’’ti sutvā sappinavanītādīni ceva bhesajjāni vatthacchādanāni ca gāhāpetvā gandhamālādihatthā yena buddho, yena dhammo, yena saṅgho, tanninnā tappoṇā tappabbhārā hutvā satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā vanditvā gandhamālādīhi pūjetvā ekamantaṃ nisinnā dhammadesanaṃ sutvā svātanāya nimantetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamiṃsu.
131第二天,他们准备了盛大的布施,装饰了城市,又为十力尊前来的道路作装饰:在积水的地方填上土,把地面整平,铺上如同银板般洁白的沙子,撒上炒米和鲜花,用各种颜色的布悬挂旗幡,还立起了芭蕉树和一排排放满水的罐子。那时,善慧苦行者从自己的草庵飞上空中,在那些人上方经行于空中,看到这些兴高采烈的人,心想:‘这是什么缘故呢?’于是从空中落下,站在一旁问众人:‘喂,你们在这里为谁修整不平的道路呢?’因此,他说了下面的偈颂:
Te punadivase mahādānaṃ sajjetvā nagaraṃ alaṅkaritvā dasabalassa āgamanamaggaṃ alaṅkarontā udakabhinnaṭṭhānesu paṃsuṃ pakkhipitvā samaṃ bhūmitalaṃ katvā rajatapaṭṭavaṇṇaṃ vālukaṃ ākiranti, lāje ceva pupphāni ca vikiranti, nānāvirāgehi vatthehi dhajapaṭāke ussāpenti, kadaliyo ceva puṇṇaghaṭapantiyo ca patiṭṭhāpenti. Tasmiṃ kāle sumedhatāpaso attano assamapadā ākāsaṃ uggantvā, tesaṃ manussānaṃ uparibhāgena ākāsena gacchanto te haṭṭhatuṭṭhe manusse disvā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho kāraṇa’’nti ākāsato oruyha ekamantaṃ ṭhito manusse pucchi – ‘‘ambho, kassa tumhe idha visamaṃ maggaṃ alaṅkarothā’’ti? Tena vuttaṃ –
132在边远地区,他们邀请如来,
‘‘Paccantadesavisaye , nimantetvā tathāgataṃ;
133为了如来的到来,他们欢喜地打扫道路。
Tassa āgamanaṃ maggaṃ, sodhenti tuṭṭhamānasā.
134那时,我从我的草庵出来,
‘‘Ahaṃ tena samayena, nikkhamitvā sakassamā;
135我抖动着树皮衣,在空中经行。
Dhunanto vākacīrāni, gacchāmi ambare tadā.
136看到充满欣喜、满意而欢悦的人群,
‘‘Vedajātaṃ janaṃ disvā, tuṭṭhahaṭṭhaṃ pamoditaṃ;
137他从空中降下,立刻询问众人:
Orohitvāna gaganā, manusse pucchi tāvade.
138‘充满满意、欣喜和欢悦,生起喜悦的大众,’
‘‘‘Tuṭṭhahaṭṭho pamudito, vedajāto mahājano;
139‘你们为谁打扫道路,直路和大道?’
Kassa sodhīyati maggo, añjasaṃ vaṭumāyana’’’nti.
140人们说:“大德善慧,你不知道吗?燃灯佛是十力正自觉者,证得正觉后,转动无上法轮,游化到我们的城中,住在善见大寺。我们邀请了那位世尊,我们正在装饰那位佛陀世尊莅临的道路。”于是善慧苦行者心想:“‘佛陀’这个名号,在世间仅仅听到声音都极为难得,更何况佛陀真正出世。我也应该和这些人一起,为十力装饰道路。”他对那些人说:“朋友们,如果你们为佛陀装饰此路,也请给我一处地方,我也和你们一起装饰道路。”他们应允了,知道善慧苦行者有神通力,就观察到了一块被水浸毁的地方,说:“你就装饰这个地方吧。”善慧以佛陀为所缘,生起喜悦,心想:“我虽然能用神通装饰这个地方,但这样装饰不能让我满意。今天我应该亲身服务。”于是他取来泥土,填到那块地上。
Manussā āhaṃsu – ‘‘bhante sumedha, na tvaṃ jānāsi, dīpaṅkaro dasabalo sammāsambuddho sambodhiṃ patvā pavattavaradhammacakko cārikaṃ caramāno amhākaṃ nagaraṃ patvā sudassanamahāvihāre paṭivasati. Mayaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ nimantayimha, tassetaṃ buddhassa bhagavato āgamanamaggaṃ alaṅkaromā’’ti. Atha sumedhatāpaso cintesi – ‘‘buddhoti kho ghosamattakampi loke dullabhaṃ, pageva buddhuppādo, mayāpi imehi manussehi saddhiṃ dasabalassa maggaṃ alaṅkarituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. So te manusse āha – ‘‘sace, bho, tumhe etaṃ maggaṃ buddhassa alaṅkarotha, mayhampi ekaṃ okāsaṃ detha, ahampi tumhehi saddhiṃ maggaṃ alaṅkarissāmī’’ti. Te ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchitvā ‘‘sumedhatāpaso iddhimā’’ti jānantā udakabhinnokāsaṃ sallakkhetvā – ‘‘tvaṃ imaṃ ṭhānaṃ alaṅkarohī’’ti adaṃsu. Sumedho buddhārammaṇaṃ pītiṃ gahetvā cintesi – ‘‘ahaṃ imaṃ okāsaṃ iddhiyā alaṅkarituṃ pahomi, evaṃ alaṅkato na maṃ paritosessati, ajja mayā kāyaveyyāvaccaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti paṃsuṃ āharitvā tasmiṃ padese pakkhipi.
141当他还没把那个地方整好时,燃灯十力由四十万位具有大神力、六通、诸漏尽的比丘围绕着,天神们以天香、花鬘等供养,奏着天乐,唱着天歌;人们则以人间的香、花鬘等以及乐器供养。世尊以无与伦比的佛陀威仪,如同在山崖上伸展的狮子一样,踏上了那条装饰准备好的道路。善慧苦行者睁开眼,看见沿着装饰道路前来的十力之身——具足三十二大人相,由八十随形好所庄严,被一寻光芒所环绕,如同琉璃色的天空中种种闪电,或成对成双放射出六色浓密的佛陀光芒,成就了容貌圆满、极为美好的有身。他仔细观察后心想:“今天我应该为十力舍弃生命。愿世尊不踏到泥浆上,而是像踏过宝石板桥一样,与四十万漏尽者一起,踩着我的后背走过去。这将成为我长远的利益与安乐。”于是他解开头发,将羚羊皮、发髻裹的树皮衣铺在黑泥上,如同宝石板桥一样,横卧在泥浆之上。因此说:
Tassa tasmiṃ padese aniṭṭhiteyeva dīpaṅkaradasabalo mahānubhāvānaṃ chaḷabhiññānaṃ khīṇāsavānaṃ catūhi satasahassehi parivuto devatāsu dibbagandhamālādīhi pūjayantāsu dibbaturiyehi vajjantāsu dibbasaṅgītesu pavattentesu manussesu mānusakehi gandhamālādīhi ceva turiyehi ca pūjayantesu anopamāya buddhalīlāya manosilātale vijambhamāno sīho viya taṃ alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ maggaṃ paṭipajji. Sumedhatāpaso akkhīni ummīletvā alaṅkatamaggena āgacchantassa dasabalassa dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ asītiyā anubyañjanehi anurañjitaṃ byāmappabhāya samparivāritaṃ maṇivaṇṇagaganatale nānappakārā vijjulatā viya āveḷāveḷabhūtā ceva yugaḷayugaḷabhūtā ca chabbaṇṇaghanabuddharasmiyo vissajjentaṃ rūpasobhaggappattaṃ attabhāvaṃ oloketvā – ‘‘ajja mayā dasabalassa jīvitapariccāgaṃ kātuṃ vaṭṭati, mā bhagavā kalalaṃ akkami, maṇiphalakasetuṃ pana akkamanto viya saddhiṃ catūhi khīṇāsavasatasahassehi mama piṭṭhiṃ maddamāno gacchatu, taṃ me bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti kese mocetvā ajinacammajaṭāmaṇḍalavākacīrāni kāḷavaṇṇe kalale pattharitvā maṇiphalakasetu viya kalalapiṭṭhe nipajji. Tena vuttaṃ –
142“他们回答我问的话:‘世间无上的佛陀,
‘‘Te me puṭṭhā viyākaṃsu, ‘buddho loke anuttaro;
143一位名叫燃灯的胜利者、世间导师已经出世;
Dīpaṅkaro nāma jino, uppajji lokanāyako;
144我们为他清扫道路,那条直路和通途。’
Tassa sodhīyati maggo, añjasaṃ vaṭumāyanaṃ’.
145“一听到‘佛陀’这个声音,我当下便生起了喜悦,
‘‘Buddhotivacanaṃ sutvāna, pīti uppajji tāvade;
146当我反复地说着‘佛陀,佛陀’时,我流露出内心的欢悦。
Buddho buddhoti kathayanto, somanassaṃ pavedayiṃ.
147我站在那里思惟,心中欢喜与悚惧交织。”
‘‘Tattha ṭhatvā vicintesiṃ, tuṭṭho saṃviggamānaso;
148善慧心想:“我要在这里种下善种,切莫错过这难得的时机。”
‘Idha bījāni ropissaṃ, khaṇo ve mā upaccagā’.
149善慧对那些清扫道路的人说:“如果你们是为了佛陀而清扫,那就请给我一小块地方吧。”
‘‘Yadi buddhassa sodhetha, ekokāsaṃ dadātha me;
150“我也要清扫这条「道路」(añjasaṃ)与所行之迹。”
Ahampi sodhayissāmi, añjasaṃ vaṭumāyanaṃ.
151于是,那些人便分给我一块地方,让我去清扫那段路。
‘‘Adaṃsu te mamokāsaṃ, sodhetuṃ añjasaṃ tadā;
152那时,我一边心里不停地默念着‘佛陀、佛陀’,一边清扫着那段道路。
Buddho buddhoti cintento, maggaṃ sodhemahaṃ tadā.
153就在我那一段还没清扫完的时候,燃灯佛、「大牟尼」(mahāmuni,伟大的圣者),
‘‘Aniṭṭhite mamokāse, dīpaṅkaro mahāmuni;
154由四十万比丘簇拥着,他们个个都是证得六神通的如是调伏者,
Catūhi satasahassehi, chaḷabhiññehi tādihi;
155这些比丘都是诸漏尽者、离垢者,那位胜利者踏上了那条道路。
Khīṇāsavehi vimalehi, paṭipajji añjasaṃ jino.
156迎请的队伍前来,许多鼓声敲响。
‘‘Paccuggamanā vattanti, vajjanti bheriyo bahū;
157欢欣鼓舞的人们和天神,发出了“善哉”的赞叹声。
Āmoditā naramarū, sādhukāraṃ pavattayuṃ.
158天神看见人,人也看见天神。
‘‘Devā manusse passanti, manussāpi ca devatā;
159他们都合掌,跟随如来。
Ubhopi te pañjalikā, anuyanti tathāgataṃ.
160天神用天界的乐器,人们用人间的乐器;
‘‘Devā dibbehi turiyehi, manussā mānusehi ca;
161两者都一同奏乐,跟随如来。
Ubhopi te vajjayantā, anuyanti tathāgataṃ.
162天界的曼陀罗花、莲花、波利质多花;
‘‘Dibbaṃ mandāravaṃ pupphaṃ, padumaṃ pārichattakaṃ;
163住在天空中的天神们,向四方撒下这些花。
Disodisaṃ okiranti, ākāsanabhagatā marū.
164来自天界的栴檀粉末,以及种种最上等的香;
‘‘Dibbaṃ candanacuṇṇañca, varagandhañca kevalaṃ;
165居住在空中的天神们,向四方抛撒。
Disodisaṃ okiranti, ākāsanabhagatā marū.
166占巴树、萨拉拉树、尼波树、龙树、普纳迦树、露兜花,
‘‘Campakaṃ salalaṃ nīpaṃ, nāgapunnāgaketakaṃ;
167躺卧在地上的人们,向四方抛撒。
Disodisaṃ ukkhipanti, bhūmitalagatā narā.
168我在那里散开头发,铺开树皮衣和皮革;
‘‘Kese muñcitvāhaṃ tattha, vākacīrañca cammakaṃ;
169铺在泥泞上,俯身躺下。
Kalale pattharitvāna, avakujjo nipajjahaṃ.
170愿佛陀踩在我身上,与弟子们一同走过;
‘‘Akkamitvāna maṃ buddho, saha sissehi gacchatu;
171不要让他踩到泥泞,这将成为我的利益。”
Mā naṃ kalale akkamittha, hitāya me bhavissatī’’ti.
172他躺在那泥浆之上,再次睁开双眼,瞻仰具足十力的燃灯佛的庄严光辉,心中这样思考:“如果我愿意,现在就能把一切烦恼烧尽,然后以僧团中新进比丘的身份进入可爱之城。然而,以他人不知晓的独自修行方式烧尽烦恼而证入涅槃,于我实在没有必要。我应当像具足十力的燃灯佛那样,证得无上正觉,登上法船,把芸芸众生从轮回大海中度脱出来,然后才般涅槃。这才合于我的本分。”于是,他将八个法总摄起来,为了成就佛果而发起了决意,随即卧了下去。
So pana kalalapiṭṭhe nipannakova puna akkhīni ummīletvā dīpaṅkaradasabalassa buddhasiriṃ sampassamāno evaṃ cintesi – ‘‘sace ahaṃ iccheyyaṃ, sabbakilese jhāpetvā saṅghanavako hutvā rammanagaraṃ paviseyyaṃ, aññātakavesena pana me kilese jhāpetvā nibbānappattiyā kiccaṃ natthi, yaṃnūnāhaṃ dīpaṅkaradasabalo viya paramābhisambodhiṃ patvā dhammanāvaṃ āropetvā mahājanaṃ saṃsārasāgarā uttāretvā pacchā parinibbāyeyyaṃ, idaṃ mayhaṃ patirūpa’’nti. Tato aṭṭha dhamme samodhānetvā buddhabhāvāya abhinīhāraṃ katvā nipajji. Tena vuttaṃ –
173当我躺卧在大地上时,我的心中生起了这样的念头:
‘‘Pathaviyaṃ nipannassa, evaṃ me āsi cetaso;
174‘如果我现在愿意,就能把自己的烦恼烧尽。’
‘Icchamāno ahaṃ ajja, kilese jhāpaye mama.
175以无人知晓的方式,在此亲证了法,这对我有什么意义呢?
‘‘‘Kiṃ me aññātavesena, dhammaṃ sacchikatenidha;
176证得一切知智之后,我将在含天神的世界中成为佛陀。
Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, buddho hessaṃ sadevake.
177我独自一人渡过,作为一个见到力量的人,这对我有什么意义呢?
‘‘‘Kiṃ me ekena tiṇṇena, purisena thāmadassinā;
178证得一切知智之后,我将使含天神的世界渡过。
Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, santāressaṃ sadevakaṃ.
179以我在无上士面前所作的这个愿行,
‘‘‘Iminā me adhikārena, katena purisuttame;
180证得一切知智之后,我将度化众多的人。
Sabbaññutaṃ pāpuṇitvā, tāremi janataṃ bahuṃ.
181截断轮回之流,摧毁三有之后,
‘‘‘Saṃsārasotaṃ chinditvā, viddhaṃsetvā tayo bhave;
182登上法船,我将使含天神的世界渡过。
Dhammanāvaṃ samāruyha, santāressaṃ sadevaka’’’nti.
183然而,对于希求成佛者而言——
Yasmā pana buddhattaṃ patthentassa –
184人身、性别的成就、因、见导师、出家、德行的成就、愿行与欲求,
‘‘Manussattaṃ liṅgasampatti, hetu satthāradassanaṃ;
185当这八法具足时,
Pabbajjā guṇasampatti, adhikāro ca chandatā;
186誓愿就能成就。
Aṭṭhadhammasamodhānā, abhinīhāro samijjhatī’’ti.
187确实,只有在「人身有身」(manussattabhāva)的状态——也就是以人的生命形态安住时,追求佛果者的誓愿才能成就;如果投生为「龙」(nāga)、「金翅鸟」(supaṇṇa)、「天神」(devatā)或「帝释」(sakka),这样的誓愿是无法成就的。即使具备了人身,也只有在男人身中,具有「男性」(purisaliṅga)者的誓愿才能成就;若是女人、「半择迦」(paṇḍaka)、非男非女或「两性人」(ubhatobyañjanaka),则无法成就。即使是男人,也只有在那一生中具备「证得阿拉汉果之因缘」(arahattappattiyā hetu)的人,他的誓愿才能成就;不具足此因缘的人无法成就。即使具足因缘,也只有当活着的「佛」(buddha)在世时,前来他面前发愿的人,誓愿才能成就;如果佛已经「般涅槃」(parinibbuta),只在「塔庙」(cetiya)边或菩提树下发愿,也无法成就。即使在诸佛面前发愿,也只有在具足「出家相状」(pabbajjāliṅga)时才能成就;仍处于在家相状的人无法成就。即使出家了,也唯有「获得五神通与八等至」(pañcābhiññāaṭṭhasamāpattilābhī)的修行者,其誓愿才能成就;缺乏这般功德的人无法成就。即使功德具足,也唯有那些为了诸佛而「舍弃自己生命」(adhikāra)、以这种「愿行」(adhikāra)而具足「功德」(adhikāra)的人,誓愿才能成就;没能这样做的人无法成就。即使具足愿行,也唯有那些为了成就「成佛之法」(buddhakārakadhammā)而生起极大「欲求」(chanda)、精进、努力与追求的人,誓愿才能成就;缺乏这般大欲求的人无法成就。
Manussattabhāvasmiṃyeva hi ṭhatvā buddhattaṃ patthentassa patthanā samijjhati, nāgassa vā supaṇṇassa vā devatāya vā sakkassa vā patthanā no samijjhati. Manussattabhāvepi purisaliṅge ṭhitasseva patthanā samijjhati, itthiyā vā paṇḍakanapuṃsakaubhatobyañjanakānaṃ vā no samijjhati. Purisassapi tasmiṃ attabhāve arahattappattiyā hetusampannasseva patthanā samijjhati, no itarassa. Hetusampannassāpi jīvamānabuddhasseva santike patthentasseva patthanā samijjhati, parinibbute buddhe cetiyasantike vā bodhimūle vā patthentassa na samijjhati. Buddhānaṃ santike patthentassapi pabbajjāliṅge ṭhitasseva samijjhati, no gihiliṅge ṭhitassa. Pabbajitassapi pañcābhiññāaṭṭhasamāpattilābhinoyeva samijjhati, na imāya guṇasampattiyā virahitassa. Guṇasampannenapi yena attano jīvitaṃ buddhānaṃ pariccattaṃ hoti, tasseva iminā adhikārena adhikārasampannassa samijjhati, na itarassa. Adhikārasampannassāpi yassa buddhakārakadhammānaṃ atthāya mahanto chando ca ussāho ca vāyāmo ca pariyeṭṭhi ca, tasseva samijjhati, na itarassa.
188对此,关于宏大愿欲的譬喻如下:如果有人能够凭借自己手臂的力量,游过整个完全被水充满的轮围世界而到达彼岸,他就能证得佛果;或者,有人能够拨开并踩平布满竹丛的整个轮围世界,一步一步走到彼岸,他就能证得佛果;或者,有人能够击倒利矛,使整个轮围世界毫无间隙地铺满矛尖,然后踩踏着矛尖走到彼岸,他就能证得佛果;或者,有人能够踩踏着布满无焰炭火的整个轮围世界走到彼岸,他就能证得佛果。一个人如果对这些难行中的任何一件都不觉得困难,心想‘即使这样,我也要游过去或走过去而到达彼岸’,像这样具备大欲、精进、努力和追求的人,他的誓愿才能成就,其他人则不能成就。因此,善慧隐士正是把这八种法集于一身,为了成佛而发下誓愿,然后躺卧下来。
Tatridaṃ chandamahantatāya opammaṃ – sace hi evamassa yo sakalacakkavāḷagabbhaṃ ekodakībhūtaṃ attano bāhubalena uttaritvā pāraṃ gantuṃ samattho, so buddhattaṃ pāpuṇāti. Yo vā pana sakalacakkavāḷagabbhaṃ veḷugumbasañchannaṃ viyūhitvā madditvā padasā gacchanto pāraṃ gantuṃ samattho, so buddhattaṃ pāpuṇāti. Yo vā pana sakalacakkavāḷagabbhaṃ sattiyo ākoṭetvā nirantaraṃ sattiphalasamākiṇṇaṃ padasā akkamamāno pāraṃ gantuṃ samattho, so buddhattaṃ pāpuṇāti. Yo vā pana sakalacakkavāḷagabbhaṃ vītaccitaṅgārabharitaṃ pādehi maddamāno pāraṃ gantuṃ samattho, so buddhattaṃ pāpuṇātīti. Yo etesu ekampi attano dukkaraṃ na maññati, ‘‘ahaṃ etampi taritvā vā gantvā vā pāraṃ gamissāmī’’ti evaṃ mahantena chandena ca ussāhena ca vāyāmena ca pariyeṭṭhiyā ca samannāgato hoti, etasseva patthanā samijjhati, na itarassa. Tasmā sumedhatāpaso ime aṭṭha dhamme samodhānetvāva buddhabhāvāya abhinīhāraṃ katvā nipajji.
189燃灯佛世尊来到后,站在善慧隐士的头边,就像打开装宝珠的狮子笼那样,睁开了具足五种清净颜色的眼睛,看见躺在泥地上的善慧隐士。他以未来分智观察,思惟:‘这位苦行者为了成佛发了誓愿而躺着,他的愿望到底会不会成就?’便知道了:‘从今以后,经过四个不可说劫又十万劫,这位行者将成为名叫乔达摩的佛陀。’他随即站在那里,在大众中授记说:‘各位,你们看见这位躺在泥地上勤修苦行的结发隐士了吗?’‘是的,世尊。’‘他为了成佛发了誓愿而卧,他的愿望将会成就。因为从今以后,在四不可说劫又十万劫之后,他将成为名叫乔达摩的佛陀。在他那一生中,将以迦毗罗卫城为住处,母亲是摩耶天后,父亲是净饭王,上首弟子是名叫伍巴提沙的长老,第二弟子是名叫拘律陀的长老,侍者是阿难,上首女弟子是谶摩长老尼,第二女弟子是莲华色长老尼。他智慧成熟,将行大出家,修习大精进,在尼拘陀树下接受乳糜,在尼连禅河畔食用,登上菩提道场,在乌敦跋罗树下证得无上正等正觉。’因此他说:
Dīpaṅkaropi bhagavā āgantvā sumedhatāpasassa sīsabhāge ṭhatvā maṇisīhapañjaraṃ ugghāṭento viya pañcavaṇṇapasādasampannāni akkhīni ummīletvā kalalapiṭṭhe nipannaṃ sumedhatāpasaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ tāpaso buddhattāya abhinīhāraṃ katvā nipanno, samijjhissati nu kho etassa patthanā, udāhu no’’ti anāgataṃsañāṇaṃ pesetvā upadhārento – ‘‘ito kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni atikkamitvā ayaṃ gotamo nāma buddho bhavissatī’’ti ñatvā ṭhitakova parisamajjhe byākāsi – ‘‘passatha no tumhe imaṃ uggatapaṃ tāpasaṃ kalalapiṭṭhe nipanna’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti. Ayaṃ buddhattāya abhinīhāraṃ katvā nipanno, samijjhissati imassa patthanā. Ayañhi ito kappasatasahassādhikānaṃ catunnaṃ asaṅkhayeyyānaṃ matthake gotamo nāma buddho bhavissati. Tasmiṃ panassa attabhāve kapilavatthu nāma nagaraṃ nivāso bhavissati, māyā nāma devī mātā, suddhodano nāma rājā pitā, aggasāvako upatisso nāma thero, dutiyasāvako kolito nāma, buddhupaṭṭhāko ānando nāma, aggasāvikā khemā nāma therī, dutiyasāvikā uppalavaṇṇā nāma therī bhavissati. Ayaṃ paripakkañāṇo mahābhinikkhamanaṃ katvā mahāpadhānaṃ padahitvā nigrodharukkhamūle pāyāsaṃ paṭiggahetvā nerañjarāya tīre paribhuñjitvā bodhimaṇḍaṃ āruyha assattharukkhamūle abhisambujjhissatīti. Tena vuttaṃ –
190燃灯佛,世间解,应供者,
‘‘Dīpaṅkaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
191站在我的头顶上方,说了这番话:
Ussīsake maṃ ṭhatvāna, idaṃ vacanamabravi.
192请看这位隐士,结发、勤修苦行;
‘‘‘Passatha imaṃ tāpasaṃ, jaṭilaṃ uggatāpanaṃ;
193从此以后,经过无量劫,世间将出现一位佛陀。
Aparimeyye ito kappe, buddho loke bhavissati.
194从可爱的迦毗罗卫城出家之后,那位如来——
‘‘‘Ahu kapilavhayā rammā, nikkhamitvā tathāgato;
195修习精进,完成种种难行之后。’”
Padhānaṃ padahitvāna, katvā dukkarakārikaṃ.
196那位如来坐在阿迦波罗树下;
‘‘‘Ajapālarukkhamūle, nisīditvā tathāgato;
197在那里,他托起乳粥,前往尼连禅河。
Tattha pāyāsaṃ paggayha, nerañjaramupehiti.
198在尼连禅河岸边,那位胜利者享用了乳粥;
‘‘‘Nerañjarāya tīramhi, pāyāsaṃ ada so jino;
199然后沿着已经准备好的殊胜道路,前往菩提树下。
Paṭiyattavaramaggena, bodhimūlamupehiti.
200接着,无上士右绕菩提座;
‘‘‘Tato padakkhiṇaṃ katvā, bodhimaṇḍaṃ anuttaro;
201在那棵阿萨陀树下,这位大名闻者将证得觉悟。
Assattharukkhamūlamhi, bujjhissati mahāyaso.
202这位的母亲,将是名为摩耶的女子;
‘‘‘Imassa janikā mātā, māyā nāma bhavissati;
203父亲名为净饭,而这位就是乔达摩。
Pitā suddhodano nāma, ayaṃ hessati gotamo.
204他们是无漏者、离欲者,内心寂静且等持;
‘‘‘Anāsavā vītarāgā, santacittā samāhitā;
205拘律陀与优波提舍,将成为上首弟子;
Kolito upatisso ca, aggā hessanti sāvakā;
206一位名叫阿难的侍者,将随侍那位胜者。
Ānando nāmupaṭṭhāko, upaṭṭhissati taṃ jinaṃ.
207差摩与莲华色,将成为上首女弟子;
‘‘‘Khemā uppalavaṇṇā ca, aggā hessanti sāvikā;
208她们是无漏者、离欲者,内心寂静且等持。
Anāsavā vītarāgā, santacittā samāhitā;
209那位世尊的菩提树,被称为阿萨陀树。
Bodhi tassa bhagavato, assatthoti pavuccatī’’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.60-68);
210听到那话后,善慧苦行者心想:“我的愿望真的要实现了!”心中充满喜悦。大众听了燃灯十力者的言语,也都欢喜踊跃地想:“善慧苦行者确实是佛种、佛芽呀!”他们又这样思惟:“如同人们要渡河,如果无法从正式的渡口过去,就会从下游的渡口过去一样,我们在燃灯十力者的教法中未能证得道果,但未来当您成佛时,我们要在您面前有能力亲证道果。”于是他们这样发愿。燃灯十力者也称赞了菩萨,用八握花供养,右绕之后离去。那四十万位漏尽者也以香和花供养菩萨,右绕之后离去。人间与天界的众生也都那样供养、礼敬之后离去。
Taṃ sutvā sumedhatāpaso – ‘‘mayhaṃ kira patthanā samijjhissatī’’ti somanassappatto ahosi. Mahājano dīpaṅkaradasabalassa vacanaṃ sutvā ‘‘sumedhatāpaso kira buddhabījaṃ buddhaṅkuro’’ti haṭṭhatuṭṭho ahosi. Evañcassa ahosi – ‘‘yathā nāma manussā nadiṃ tarantā ujukena titthena uttarituṃ asakkontā heṭṭhātitthena uttaranti, evameva mayampi dīpaṅkaradasabalassa sāsane maggaphalaṃ alabhamānā anāgate yadā tvaṃ buddho bhavissasi, tadā tava sammukhā maggaphalaṃ sacchikātuṃ samatthā bhaveyyāmā’’ti patthanaṃ ṭhapayiṃsu. Dīpaṅkaradasabalopi bodhisattaṃ pasaṃsitvā aṭṭhapupphamuṭṭhīhi pūjetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Tepi catusatasahassasaṅkhā khīṇāsavā bodhisattaṃ gandhehi ca mālāhi ca pūjetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkamiṃsu. Devamanussā pana tatheva pūjetvā vanditvā pakkantā.
211当所有人都离去后,菩萨从卧处起身,心想:“我要来思择诸波罗蜜。”便在花堆顶上结跏趺座坐下。菩萨这样坐下时,整个一万个轮围世界中的天人都发出赞叹声,用种种颂词称赞菩萨说:“尊者善慧苦行者!过去诸菩萨结跏趺座,坐下来思择波罗蜜时,那些被称为前兆的瑞相都会显现。今天,所有这些瑞相全部都出现了。毫无疑问,您必将成佛。我们知道,凡是显现这些瑞相的人,必定是佛陀。您应当坚定精进,努力吧!”因此,有偈颂道:
Bodhisatto sabbesaṃ paṭikkantakāle sayanā vuṭṭhāya ‘‘pāramiyo vicinissāmī’’ti puppharāsimatthake pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā nisīdi. Evaṃ nisinne bodhisatte sakaladasasahassacakkavāḷe devatā sādhukāraṃ datvā ‘‘ayya sumedhatāpasa, porāṇakabodhisattānaṃ pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ‘pāramiyo vicinissāmā’ti nisinnakāle yāni pubbanimittāni nāma paññāyanti, tāni sabbānipi ajja pātubhūtāni, nissaṃsayena tvaṃ buddho bhavissasi. Mayametaṃ jānāma ‘yassetāni nimittāni paññāyanti, ekantena so buddho hoti’, tvaṃ attano vīriyaṃ daḷhaṃ katvā paggaṇhā’’ti bodhisattaṃ nānappakārāhi thutīhi abhitthaviṃsu. Tena vuttaṃ –
212听到那无等大仙的话语,
‘‘Idaṃ sutvāna vacanaṃ, asamassa mahesino;
213人、天神欢喜愉悦,‘这确实是佛种’。
Āmoditā naramarū, buddhabījaṃ kira ayaṃ.
214欢呼声响起,他们拍手、欢笑;
‘‘Ukkuṭṭhisaddā vattanti, apphoṭenti hasanti ca;
215一万世界含天神,合掌敬礼。
Katañjalī namassanti, dasasahassī sadevakā.
216如果我们背离了这位世间主的教法,
‘‘Yadimassa lokanāthassa, virajjhissāma sāsanaṃ;
217在未来时,我们将当面遇到这位。
Anāgatamhi addhāne, hessāma sammukhā imaṃ.
218就像人们渡河时,错过了正式的渡口,
‘‘Yathā manussā nadiṃ tarantā, paṭititthaṃ virajjhiya;
219在下游的渡口抓住,然后渡过大河。
Heṭṭhā titthe gahetvāna, uttaranti mahānadiṃ.
220同样地,如果我们所有人都错过了这位胜者,
‘‘Evameva mayaṃ sabbe, yadi muñcāmimaṃ jinaṃ;
221在未来时,我们将当面遇到这位。
Anāgatamhi addhāne, hessāma sammukhā imaṃ.
222燃灯佛,是了知世间者,是供养的接受者。
‘‘Dīpaṅkaro lokavidū, āhutīnaṃ paṭiggaho;
223他在称赞了我的业之后,举起了右足。
Mama kammaṃ pakittetvā, dakkhiṇaṃ pādamuddhari.
224当时在场的胜者之子们,全都向我右绕致敬;
‘‘Ye tatthāsuṃ jinaputtā, sabbe padakkhiṇamakaṃsu maṃ;
225人、龙与「乾闼婆」们,在礼敬之后便离去了。
Narā nāgā ca gandhabbā, abhivādetvāna pakkamuṃ.
226当拥有僧伽的世间导师离去后,
‘‘Dassanaṃ me atikkante, sasaṅghe lokanāyake;
227「那时,我以欢喜踊跃之心,从座位上站了起来。」(Haṭṭhatuṭṭhena cittena, āsanā vuṭṭhahiṃ tadā.)
Haṭṭhatuṭṭhena cittena, āsanā vuṭṭhahiṃ tadā.
228我以安乐而快乐,以欢悦而喜悦;
‘‘Sukhena sukhito homi, pāmojjena pamodito;
229「而且被喜遍满全身,那时我结了结跏趺座。」(Pītiyā ca abhissanno, pallaṅkaṃ ābhujiṃ tadā.)
Pītiyā ca abhissanno, pallaṅkaṃ ābhujiṃ tadā.
230「以结跏趺座坐定之后,那时我这样思惟:」(Pallaṅkena nisīditvā, evaṃ cintesahaṃ tadā;)
‘‘Pallaṅkena nisīditvā, evaṃ cintesahaṃ tadā;
231我于禅那中已成为自在者,已到达了神通的彼岸。
‘Vasībhūto ahaṃ jhāne, abhiññāpāramiṃ gato.
232于一万世间,无有仙人与我等同;
‘‘‘Dasasahassilokamhi, isayo natthi me samā;
233于神力法上无等伦,我获得如是之乐。
Asamo iddhidhammesu, alabhiṃ īdisaṃ sukhaṃ’.
234在我结跏趺座时,一万世界的居住者们,
‘‘Pallaṅkābhujane mayhaṃ, dasasahassādhivāsino;
235发出大音声:‘你必将成佛。’
Mahānādaṃ pavattesuṃ, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
236往昔菩萨们结跏趺坐时,
‘‘Yā pubbe bodhisattānaṃ, pallaṅkavaramābhuje;
237那些瑞相就会显现,今天这些瑞相已经显现了。
Nimittāni padissanti, tāni ajja padissare.
238寒冷消散,炎热平息;
‘‘Sītaṃ byāpagataṃ hoti, uṇhañca upasammati;
239这些瑞相今天显现,你必定将成为佛陀。
Tāni ajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
240十千世界都寂静无扰;
‘‘Dasasahassī lokadhātū, nissaddā honti nirākulā;
241这些瑞相今天显现,你必定将成为佛陀。
Tāni ajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
242大风不再吹动,河流不再奔流;
‘‘Mahāvātā na vāyanti, na sandanti savantiyo;
243这些瑞相今天显现,你必定将成为佛陀。
Tāni ajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
244陆生和水生的花,全都在那时盛开了;
‘‘Thalajā dakajā pupphā, sabbe pupphanti tāvade;
245就在今日,它们全部盛开;你必将成佛。
Tepajja pupphitā sabbe, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
246无论是藤蔓还是树木,那时都挂满了果实;
‘‘Latā vā yadi vā rukkhā, phalabhārā honti tāvade;
247就在今日,它们全部结了果;你必将成佛。
Tepajja phalitā sabbe, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
248无论是处于天空还是位于大地的宝物,那时都在闪耀;
‘‘Ākāsaṭṭhā ca bhūmaṭṭhā, ratanā jotanti tāvade;
249就在今日,诸宝闪耀;名为坚固的菩萨,你必将成佛。
Tepajja ratanā jotanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
250无论人间的还是天界的乐器,那时都在奏响;
‘‘Mānusakā ca dibbā ca, turiyā vajjanti tāvade;
251就在今日,它们同声发出欢呼;名为坚固的菩萨,你必将成佛。
Tepajjubho abhiravanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
252各色鲜花从天而降,纷纷飘落;
‘‘Vicittapupphā gaganā, abhivassanti tāvade;
253今日这些花纷纷飘落,你必将成佛。
Tepi ajja pavassanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
254大海涌起波涛,方圆一万由旬的大地震动;
‘‘Mahāsamuddo ābhujati, dasasahassī pakampati;
255它们今日同声欢呼,你必将成佛。
Tepajjubho abhiravanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
256地狱中一万处火焰随即熄灭;
‘‘Nirayepi dasasahasse, aggī nibbanti tāvade;
257今日那些火焰已经熄灭,你必将成佛。
Tepajja nibbutā aggī, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
258太阳变得清净明澈,所有星辰都清晰可见;
‘‘Vimalo hoti sūriyo, sabbā dissanti tārakā;
259今日那些星辰也显现出来,你必将成佛。
Tepi ajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
260天没下雨,水却一下子从大地涌出;
‘‘Anovaṭṭhena udakaṃ, mahiyā ubbhijji tāvade;
261今天那水又从大地涌出,你必定成佛。
Tampajjubbhijjate mahiyā, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
262群星闪耀,星宿呈现在苍穹之中;
‘‘Tārāgaṇā virocanti, nakkhattā gaganamaṇḍale;
263毗舍佉星宿与月天子相伴,你必定成佛。
Visākhā candimāyuttā, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
264住在洞穴和岩洞的生灵,都从自己的住处走了出来;
‘‘Bilāsayā darīsayā, nikkhamanti sakāsayā;
265今天它们都离开了巢穴,你必定成佛。
Tepajja āsayā chuddhā, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
266众生不再不乐,立刻得到满足;
‘‘Na hoti arati sattānaṃ, santuṭṭhā honti tāvade;
267今天他们全都满足,你必定成佛。
Tepajja sabbe santuṭṭhā, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
268那时各种疾病平息,饥饿也消灭;
‘‘Rogā tadupasammanti, jighacchā ca vinassati;
269那些今日显现,你确实将成佛。
Tānipajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
270那时贪变得微薄,嗔和痴也灭尽;
‘‘Rāgo tadā tanu hoti, doso moho vinassati;
271它们今日全都消失,你确实将成佛。
Tepajja vigatā sabbe, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
272那时没有恐怖,今日此相显现;
‘‘Bhayaṃ tadā na bhavati, ajjapetaṃ padissati;
273以此征相我们了知,你确实将成佛。
Tena liṅgena jānāma, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
274尘垢向上飞散,今日此相显现;
‘‘Rajo nuddhaṃsati uddhaṃ, ajjapetaṃ padissati;
275以此征相我们了知,你确实将成佛。
Tena liṅgena jānāma, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
276令人不快的气味消失了,天界的香气散发出来;
‘‘Aniṭṭhagandho pakkamati, dibbagandho pavāyati;
277今日,那香气散发出来,你必将成佛。
Sopajja vāyati gandho, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
278一切天人都显现了,除了无色者;
‘‘Sabbe devā padissanti, ṭhapayitvā arūpino;
279今日,他们全都显现,你必将成佛。
Tepajja sabbe dissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
280所有名为地狱的地方,那时全都显现了;
‘‘Yāvatā nirayā nāma, sabbe dissanti tāvade;
281今日,它们全都显现,你必将成佛。
Tepajja sabbe dissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
282墙、门扇和岩石,那时都不成为障碍;
‘‘Kuṭṭā kavāṭā selā ca, na hontāvaraṇā tadā;
283今日,它们都成为虚空,你必将成佛。
Ākāsabhūtā tepajja, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
284死与再生,在那刹那并不存在;
‘‘Cutī ca upapatti ca, khaṇe tasmiṃ na vijjati;
285今日,它们显现了,你将成佛。
Tānipajja padissanti, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasi.
286“坚定地提起精进,不要退缩,向前行进;
‘‘Daḷhaṃ paggaṇha vīriyaṃ, mā nivatta abhikkama;
287我们也知道这事,你必将成佛。
Mayampetaṃ vijānāma, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavissasī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.70-107);
288菩萨听闻了燃灯十力者与一万轮围世界天神的言语,愈发生起精进,心想:“诸佛的言说名为不虚妄,佛陀的话语决不会变化。正如扔向空中的土块必定落下,已生的必死,夜尽日出,出巢的狮子必作狮子吼,怀胎足月的妇女必卸下重担,这些都是坚固而必然的,同样,诸佛的话语称为坚固不虚,我必定成为佛陀。”因此说:
Bodhisatto dīpaṅkaradasabalassa ca dasasahassacakkavāḷadevatānañca vacanaṃ sutvā bhiyyosomattāya sañjātussāho hutvā cintesi – ‘‘buddhā nāma amoghavacanā, natthi buddhānaṃ kathāya aññathattaṃ. Yathā hi ākāse khittaleḍḍussa patanaṃ dhuvaṃ, jātassa maraṇaṃ, rattikkhaye sūriyuggamanaṃ, āsayā nikkhantasīhassa sīhanādanadanaṃ, garugabbhāya itthiyā bhāramoropanaṃ dhuvaṃ avassambhāvī, evameva buddhānaṃ vacanaṃ nāma dhuvaṃ amoghaṃ, addhā ahaṃ buddho bhavissāmī’’ti. Tena vuttaṃ –
289听闻了佛陀的言语,以及一万世界两者的言语;
‘‘Buddhassa vacanaṃ sutvā, dasasahassīna cūbhayaṃ;
290内心欣喜踊跃,充满欢喜,那时我这样想。
Tuṭṭhahaṭṭho pamodito, evaṃ cintesahaṃ tadā.
291“诸佛的话语绝无二意,诸胜者的话语绝不虚妄;
‘‘Advejjhavacanā buddhā, amoghavacanā jinā;
292佛陀绝无虚言,我必定会成为佛。
Vitathaṃ natthi buddhānaṃ, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavāmahaṃ.
293就像扔向空中的土块,一定会落回大地;
‘‘Yathā khittaṃ nabhe leḍḍu, dhuvaṃ patati bhūmiyaṃ;
294同样,最胜佛的话语,也是永恒不变的;
Tatheva buddhaseṭṭhānaṃ, vacanaṃ dhuvasassataṃ;
295佛陀绝无虚言,我必定会成为佛。
Vitathaṃ natthi buddhānaṃ, dhuvaṃ buddho bhavāmahaṃ.
296就像一切众生的死亡,是必然且永恒不变的;
‘‘Yathāpi sabbasattānaṃ, maraṇaṃ dhuvasassataṃ;
297同样,最胜佛的话语,也是永恒不变的。
Tatheva buddhaseṭṭhānaṃ, vacanaṃ dhuvasassataṃ.
298正如黑夜结束时,太阳必定升起,这是确定不变的;
‘‘Yathā rattikkhaye patte, sūriyuggamanaṃ dhuvaṃ;
299同样,最胜佛的话语,也是永恒不变的。
Tatheva buddhaseṭṭhānaṃ, vacanaṃ dhuvasassataṃ.
300正如出离卧处的狮子,其吼声是必然的;
‘‘Yathā nikkhantasayanassa, sīhassa nadanaṃ dhuvaṃ;
301同样,最胜佛的话语,也是永恒不变的。
Tatheva buddhaseṭṭhānaṃ, vacanaṃ dhuvasassataṃ.
302正如怀孕的众生,卸下重担是必然的;
‘‘Yathā āpannasattānaṃ, bhāramoropanaṃ dhuvaṃ;
303同样,最胜佛的话语,也是永恒不变的。
Tatheva buddhaseṭṭhānaṃ, vacanaṃ dhuvasassata’’nti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.108-114);
304这位善慧已经下定决心:“我「坚固」(dhuva)地必将成为佛陀。”为了审察成就佛陀的诸法(buddhakārake dhamme),他这样思惟:“成就佛陀的法究竟在哪里呢?是在上方,还是在下方,还是在各个方位和四隅当中?”于是他次第遍寻整个「法界」(dhammadhātu),发现了过去诸菩萨(porāṇakabodhisatta)反复修行的第一个「布施彼岸」(paṭhamaṃ dānapāramiṃ)。见法之后,他这样教诫自己:“「善慧智者」(sumedhapaṇḍita),你从今以后就要去圆满这第一布施彼岸了。就像一个倒扣的水罐会把里面的水完全倒出来,绝不会再收回去一样;同样,你不应顾惜财产、名誉、妻儿,乃至身体的任何部分,面对前来乞求的人,无论他们想要什么,你都要毫不保留地全部布施出去。这样在菩提树下坐安稳后,你就能够成为佛陀。”如此,他坚定地将这第一布施彼岸确立起来,恒固地决意下来。因此有偈颂说:
So ‘‘dhuvāhaṃ buddho bhavissāmī’’ti evaṃ katasanniṭṭhāno buddhakārake dhamme upadhāretuṃ – ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho buddhakārakā dhammā, kiṃ uddhaṃ, udāhu adho, disāvidisāsū’’ti anukkamena sakalaṃ dhammadhātuṃ vicinanto porāṇakabodhisattehi āsevitanisevitaṃ paṭhamaṃ dānapāramiṃ disvā evaṃ attānaṃ ovadi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya paṭhamaṃ dānapāramiṃ pūreyyāsi. Yathā hi nikkujjito udakakumbho nissesaṃ katvā udakaṃ vamatiyeva, na paccāharati, evameva dhanaṃ vā yasaṃ vā puttadāraṃ vā aṅgapaccaṅgaṃ vā anoloketvā sampattayācakānaṃ sabbaṃ icchiticchitaṃ nissesaṃ katvā dadamāno bodhimūle nisīditvā buddho bhavissasī’’ti paṭhamaṃ dānapāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
305“那么,我就到处去寻找那成就佛陀的诸法吧。”
‘‘Handa buddhakare dhamme, vicināmi ito cito;
306“在上方、在下方、在十方(dasa disā),乃至尽整个「法界」(dhammadhātuyā)。”
Uddhaṃ adho dasa disā, yāvatā dhammadhātuyā.
307“这样搜寻之时,我照见了那第一个「布施彼岸」(paṭhamaṃ dānapāramiṃ);”
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, paṭhamaṃ dānapāramiṃ;
308这是过去诸大仙所实行的大道。
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, anuciṇṇaṃ mahāpathaṃ.
309你首先应当坚定地受持这个,
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ paṭhamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
310如果你想证得觉悟,就应修习布施波罗蜜。
Dānapāramitaṃ gaccha, yadi bodhiṃ pattumicchasi.
311正如一只装满水的瓶,不管是谁的,一旦被倒置,
‘‘Yathāpi kumbho sampuṇṇo, yassa kassaci adhokato;
312就会把水全部倒出,一点也不保留,
Vamatevudakaṃ nissesaṃ, na tattha parirakkhati.
313同样地,当你见到求施者时,不论他们是卑下、殊胜还是中等,
‘‘Tatheva yācake disvā, hīnamukkaṭṭhamajjhime;
314你都应当毫无保留地布施,就像那被倒置的瓶一样。
Dadāhi dānaṃ nissesaṃ, kumbho viya adhokato’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.115-119);
315于是,当他进一步审察,发现“仅仅这些成佛之法还不够”时,便看到了第二项——戒波罗蜜,心中想道:“须弥陀贤者,你从今以后也应圆满戒波罗蜜。正如那名为cāmarī的鹿,不顾惜自己的生命,只保护自己的尾毛;同样,你从今以后也要不顾生命,只守护戒,这样你将会成为佛陀。”他便坚定地决意受持第二戒波罗蜜。因此说:
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttarimpi upadhārayato dutiyaṃ sīlapāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya sīlapāramimpi pūreyyāsi. Yathā hi camarī migo nāma jīvitaṃ anoloketvā attano vālameva rakkhati, evaṃ tvampi ito paṭṭhāya jīvitampi anoloketvā sīlameva rakkhamāno buddho bhavissasī’’ti dutiyaṃ sīlapāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
316这些成佛的法并不是只有这些而已,
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
317我也要探寻其他那些有助于觉悟的法。
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
318在探寻的过程中,我看到了第二项——戒波罗蜜;
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, dutiyaṃ sīlapāramiṃ;
319这是过去的大仙们所不断修习的。
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
320你应该先坚定地受持这第二项(戒波罗蜜),
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ dutiyaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
321如果你想证得觉悟,就去修习戒波罗蜜吧。
Sīlapāramitaṃ gaccha, yadi bodhiṃ pattumicchasi.
322就像牦牛的尾毛,如果被什么东西钩住,
‘‘Yathāpi camarī vālaṃ, kismiñci paṭilaggitaṃ;
323它宁愿死在那里,也不会损坏自己的尾毛。
Upeti maraṇaṃ tattha, na vikopeti vāladhiṃ.
324同样地,你应在四地圆满戒行,
‘‘Tatheva catūsu bhūmīsu, sīlāni paripūraya;
325应当时常守护戒,就像牦牛守护它的尾毛一样。
Parirakkha sadā sīlaṃ, camarī viya vāladhi’’nti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.120-124);
326然后,当他思考‘成佛之法不应该只有这些’而进一步寻求时,看见了第三出离波罗蜜,便这样想:‘善慧贤者,你从今以后也应圆满出离波罗蜜。就像长久被关在牢狱中的人,不会对那里产生爱恋,只会感到厌离,渴望离开;同样地,你也应把一切生存看作牢狱一般,对一切生存感到厌离,希求解脱,一心面向出离。这样,你将成为佛陀。’于是他坚固地确立了第三出离波罗蜜,并下了决心。为此,他说了以下偈颂:
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttarimpi upadhārayato tatiyaṃ nekkhammapāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya nekkhammapāramimpi pūreyyāsi. Yathā hi ciraṃ bandhanāgāre vasamāno puriso na tattha sinehaṃ karoti, atha kho ukkaṇṭhatiyeva, avasitukāmo hoti, evameva tvampi sabbabhave bandhanāgārasadise katvā sabbabhavehi ukkaṇṭhito muccitukāmo hutvā nekkhammābhimukhova hohi. Evaṃ buddho bhavissasī’’ti tatiyaṃ nekkhammapāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
327‘成佛之法并非只有这些,还有其他法;’
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
328我要进一步探寻那些能成就菩提的法。
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
329在我探寻的时候,我见到了第三出离波罗蜜,
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, tatiyaṃ nekkhammapāramiṃ;
330这是过去的大仙们反复修习的。
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
331你应首先坚固地受持这第三出离波罗蜜;
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ tatiyaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
332如果你想证得菩提,就去修习出离波罗蜜吧。
Nekkhammapāramitaṃ gaccha, yadi bodhiṃ pattumicchasi.
333就像一个长久被囚禁在脚镣屋里、备受痛苦的人,
‘‘Yathā andughare puriso, ciravuttho dukhaṭṭito;
334不会对那里生起贪爱,而只寻求解脱。
Na tattha rāgaṃ janeti, muttimeva gavesati.
335同样地,你应当把一切生存都看作如同脚镣牢房一样。
‘‘Tatheva tvaṃ sabbabhave, passa andugharaṃ viya;
336你应朝向出离,以从生存中获得解脱。
Nekkhammābhimukho hohi, bhavato parimuttiyā’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.125-129);
337那时,他进一步思惟:‘不应当只有这些成佛之法就足够了’,再向上观察时,看见了第四慧波罗蜜,便这样想:‘善慧贤者,你从今以后也要圆满慧波罗蜜。对于卑下、中等、显著的智者,你都不回避任何一个,应当去亲近一切智者,向他们请教问题。正如托钵的比丘,对于卑下等类的家族,也不回避任何一家,挨家次第乞食,便能迅速获得生计;同样,你亲近一切智者,向他们请教问题,也将成为佛陀。’ 这样坚固地决意第四慧波罗蜜后,他确立了决心。因此说:
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttarimpi upadhārayato catutthaṃ paññāpāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya paññāpāramimpi pūreyyāsi. Hīnamajjhimukkaṭṭhesu kañci avajjetvā sabbepi paṇḍite upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ puccheyyāsi. Yathā hi piṇḍapātiko bhikkhu hīnādibhedesu kulesu kiñci avajjetvā paṭipāṭiyā piṇḍāya caranto khippaṃ yāpanaṃ labhati, evaṃ tvampi sabbapaṇḍite upasaṅkamitvā pañhaṃ pucchanto buddho bhavissasī’’ti catutthaṃ paññāpāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
338‘成佛之法并非只有这些。’
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
339‘我也将探寻其他能导向觉悟的法。’
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
340「那时我探寻着,看见了第四慧波罗蜜。」
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, catutthaṃ paññāpāramiṃ;
341「这是过去那些大仙们反复修习和实践的。」
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
342「你应当先把这第四种慧波罗蜜坚固地受持起来,」
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ catutthaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
343「如果你愿证得正觉,就履行慧波罗蜜吧。」
Paññāpāramitaṃ gaccha, yadi bodhiṃ pattumicchasi.
344「正如一位比丘在托钵乞食时,对于低贱的、显贵的还是中等的家族,
‘‘Yathāpi bhikkhu bhikkhanto, hīnamukkaṭṭhamajjhime;
345「他都不回避,这样就能获得赖以生存的食物。」
Kulāni na vivajjento, evaṃ labhati yāpanaṃ.
346「同样地,你应当在任何时候都向智者请教;」
‘‘Tatheva tvaṃ sabbakālaṃ, paripucchaṃ budhaṃ janaṃ;
347「成就慧波罗蜜之后,你必将证得正觉。」
Paññāpāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.130-134);
348当时,他进一步观察,意识到“并非仅靠这些成佛之法就够了”,于是发现了第五精进波罗蜜。他心想:“善慧贤者,从今往后,你也应当圆满精进波罗蜜。正如兽王狮子在一切威仪中都保持着坚固的精进,同样,无论在哪种生存状态、任何威仪中,你也要具备坚固且绝不退缩的精进,你必定会成佛。”就这样,他将第五精进波罗蜜坚定地确立下来,并立下决意。因此说道:
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttarimpi upadhārayato pañcamaṃ vīriyapāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya vīriyapāramimpi pūreyyāsi, yathā hi sīho migarājā sabbiriyāpathesu daḷhavīriyo hoti, evaṃ tvampi sabbabhavesu sabbiriyāpathesu daḷhavīriyo anolīnavīriyo samāno buddho bhavissasī’’ti pañcamaṃ vīriyapāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
349“成佛之法并非只有这些,
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
350我还要寻求其他能导向菩提的法。
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
351这样观察时,我见到了第五精进波罗蜜,
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, pañcamaṃ vīriyapāramiṃ;
352那是过去诸大仙所反复修习的。
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
353你应当坚定地受持这第五精进波罗蜜,
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ pañcamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
354如果你想证得觉悟,就去修习精进波罗蜜吧。
Vīriyapāramitaṃ gaccha, yadi bodhiṃ pattumicchasi.
355正如兽王狮子,无论坐着、站着还是经行,
‘‘Yathāpi sīho migarājā, nisajjaṭṭhānacaṅkame;
356它精进不懈,内心始终振奋。
Alīnavīriyo hoti, paggahitamano sadā.
357“同样地,你在一切生存状态中,都应坚定地策励精进;
‘‘Tatheva tvaṃ sabbabhave, paggaṇha vīriyaṃ daḷhaṃ;
358行持了精进波罗蜜之后,你将证得正觉。”
Vīriyapāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.135-139);
359于是,当他进一步思惟“成佛所必备的法不应只有这些”时,见到了第六「忍辱波罗蜜」,心中生起这样的想法:“善慧智者,你从今以后也应圆满「忍辱波罗蜜」,对于恭敬与轻慢都应当堪忍。正如名为‘大地’的,人们把干净的东西或不干净的东西丢在上面,大地并不因此生起喜爱或排斥,它只是忍耐、承受、安住不动;同样地,你对于恭敬与轻慢也都能堪忍,这样你就能成佛。”他将第六「忍辱波罗蜜」坚固确立之后,立下决意。因此说了下面的话:
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttarimpi upadhārayato chaṭṭhaṃ khantipāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya khantipāramimpi pūreyyāsi, sammānanepi avamānanepi khamova bhaveyyāsi. Yathā hi pathaviyaṃ nāma sucimpi nikkhipanti asucimpi, na tena pathavī sinehaṃ paṭighaṃ karoti, khamati sahati adhivāsetiyeva, evameva tvampi sammānanepi avamānanepi khamova samāno buddho bhavissasī’’ti chaṭṭhaṃ khantipāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
360“那些成佛之法,不应只有这些;
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
361我还要再探寻其他能够导向「觉悟」的法。
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
362正在探寻时,我见到了第六项——「忍辱波罗蜜」;
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, chaṭṭhamaṃ khantipāramiṃ;
363这是过去那些大仙们所不断修习、反复实践的。
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
364这第六(波罗蜜),你要先坚固地确立并受持它;
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ chaṭṭhamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
365在其中,内心专一不二,你将证得正觉。
Tattha advejjhamānaso, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasi.
366正如名为‘大地’的,既承受清净,也承受不净;
‘‘Yathāpi pathavī nāma, sucimpi asucimpi ca;
367它忍受一切被丢弃的东西,对它们不起排斥。
Sabbaṃ sahati nikkhepaṃ, na karoti paṭighaṃ tayā.
368同样地,你也要对一切,能忍耐尊重与轻蔑;
‘‘Tatheva tvampi sabbesaṃ, sammānāvamānakkhamo;
369修习了忍辱波罗蜜之后,你将证得正觉。
Khantipāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.140-144);
370那时,他进一步观察,心想:“不应该只靠这些成佛之法就满足了”,于是他见到了第七波罗蜜——「谛波罗蜜」。他这样想:“善慧智者,你从今以后也要圆满谛波罗蜜。即使霹雳落在头上,为了财物等,出于欲等,也绝不要说明知故犯的妄语。好比名为‘药星’的星辰,它在任何季节都不会离开自己的运行轨道而走别的轨道,永远只在自己的轨道上运行。同样地,你也要不离开真实而说妄语,这样你才能成为佛陀。”他坚固地确立了第七谛波罗蜜后,立下了决意。因此说:
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttarimpi upadhārayato sattamaṃ saccapāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya saccapāramimpi pūreyyāsi, asaniyā matthake patamānāyapi dhanādīnaṃ atthāya chandādīnaṃ vasena sampajānamusāvādaṃ nāma mā bhāsi. Yathā hi osadhī tārakā nāma sabbautūsu attano gamanavīthiṃ jahitvā aññāya vīthiyā na gacchati, sakavīthiyāva gacchati, evameva tvampi saccaṃ pahāya musāvādaṃ nāma avadantoyeva buddho bhavissasī’’ti sattamaṃ saccapāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
371「这些成佛之法,绝不仅仅只有这些;
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
372我也将会去探寻其他能成就觉悟的法。
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
373正在探寻时,便看见了第七谛波罗蜜;
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, sattamaṃ saccapāramiṃ;
374这是过去那些大仙们所不断修习、反复实践的。
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
375你现在先将这第七(谛波罗蜜)坚固地确立并受持起来;
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ sattamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
376在其中,成为言语无二的人,你将证得正觉。
Tattha advejjhavacano, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasi.
377正如名为‘药星’的,在含天神的世间中,它就像秤一样;
‘‘Yathāpi osadhī nāma, tulābhūtā sadevake;
378无论在恰当的时节或年份,它都不会偏离自己的轨道。
Samaye utuvasse vā, na vokkamati vīthito.
379同样地,你也对于诸谛,不要偏离其轨道;
‘‘Tatheva tvampi saccesu, mā vokkamasi vīthito;
380圆满修习了谛波罗蜜之后,你将会证悟正觉。
Saccapāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.145-149);
381接着,当他进一步思惟“不应该仅仅依靠这些成佛之法”时,见到了第八「决意波罗蜜」,心中生起这样的想法:“善慧智者,你从今以后也要圆满决意波罗蜜,一旦你有所决意,就要在那个决意上毫不动摇。正如名为‘山’的,被四面八方的风吹打,既不震动,也不偏移,就稳稳地安住于自己的位置上;同样地,你也要在自己的决意上始终不动摇,这样便能成为佛陀。”他将第八决意波罗蜜坚固确立之后,立下决意。因此宣说:
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttarimpi upadhārayato aṭṭhamaṃ adhiṭṭhānapāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya adhiṭṭhānapāramimpi pūreyyāsi, yaṃ adhiṭṭhāsi, tasmiṃ adhiṭṭhāne niccalova bhaveyyāsi. Yathā hi pabbato nāma sabbāsu disāsu vātehi pahaṭo na kampati na calati, attano ṭhāneyeva tiṭṭhati, evameva tvampi attano adhiṭṭhāne niccalo hontova buddho bhavissasī’’ti aṭṭhamaṃ adhiṭṭhānapāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
382“并非只有这些,才是能成就佛陀的法;
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
383我还要继续寻找,其他那些令觉悟成熟的法。
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
384正在寻找时,我便看见了,那第八决意波罗蜜;
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, aṭṭhamaṃ adhiṭṭhānapāramiṃ;
385那是过去的大仙们,不断修习、反复修习的。
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
386如今你应当坚固地确立并受持,这第八(决意波罗蜜);
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
387你安住于其中,毫不动摇,就会证悟正觉。
Tattha tvaṃ acalo hutvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasi.
388如同石山,安稳不动,牢牢地安立;
‘‘Yathāpi pabbato selo, acalo suppatiṭṭhito;
389狂风吹不动,它稳稳地待在原处。
Na kampati bhusavātehi, sakaṭṭhāneva tiṭṭhati.
390同样地,你在决意上也应当永远不动摇;
‘‘Tatheva tvampi adhiṭṭhāne, sabbadā acalo bhava;
391当你圆满决意波罗蜜时,便能证得正觉。
Adhiṭṭhānapāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.150-154);
392然后,他思惟:“不应只满足于这些成佛之法。”进一步观察,见到了第九「慈波罗蜜」,心生此念:“善慧智者,你从今以后也要圆满慈波罗蜜,对于有利和有害的一切人,都应平等心对待。就像水对恶人和善人,都平等地带来清凉一样;同样,你也应当以慈心,对一切众生保持平等心,这样就能成佛。”如此坚固地确立了第九慈波罗蜜后,立下决意。因此说道:
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttarimpi upadhārayato navamaṃ mettāpāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya mettāpāramimpi pūreyyāsi, hitesupi ahitesupi ekacitto bhaveyyāsi. Yathā hi udakaṃ nāma pāpajanassapi kalyāṇajanassapi sītabhāvaṃ ekasadisaṃ katvā pharati, evameva tvampi sabbesu sattesu mettacittena ekacittova honto buddho bhavissasī’’ti navamaṃ mettāpāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
393“成佛之法并非只有这些;
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
394我还要探寻其他能促成正觉的法。”
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
395这样探寻时,我见到了第九慈波罗蜜;
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, navamaṃ mettāpāramiṃ;
396这是过去那些大仙们所不断修习、反复实践的。
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
397这第九(慈波罗蜜),你要先坚固地确立并受持它;
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ navamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
398以慈心成为无等者,如果你希望证得觉悟的话。
Mettāya asamo hohi, yadi bodhiṃ pattumicchasi.
399‘就像水,对于善良或邪恶的人,
‘‘Yathāpi udakaṃ nāma, kalyāṇe pāpake jane;
400都平等地以清凉遍满,并冲走尘垢。’
Samaṃ pharati sītena, pavāheti rajomalaṃ.
401同样地,你对于有利和有害的,都应当平等地修习慈心;
‘‘Tatheva tvampi hitāhite, samaṃ mettāya bhāvaya;
402圆满慈波罗蜜之后,你将证得正觉。
Mettāpāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.155-159);
403那时,他进一步思量:‘不应该只满足于这些成佛之法。’当他继续探寻时,看到了第十个——舍波罗蜜,于是这样思惟:‘善慧贤者,从今以后,你也应当圆满舍波罗蜜。对于乐与苦,你都应保持中舍。就像大地,无论清净或不清净的东西扔在上面,它都保持中舍;同样地,你在苦乐中若能保持中舍,便将成佛。’他坚固地决意修习第十个——舍波罗蜜。因此说:
Athassa ‘‘na ettakeheva buddhakārakadhammehi bhavitabba’’nti uttarimpi upadhārayato dasamaṃ upekkhāpāramiṃ disvā etadahosi – ‘‘sumedhapaṇḍita, tvaṃ ito paṭṭhāya upekkhāpāramimpi pūreyyāsi, sukhepi dukkhepi majjhattova bhaveyyāsi. Yathā hi pathavī nāma sucimpi asucimpi pakkhipamāne majjhattāva hoti, evameva tvampi sukhadukkhesu majjhattova honto buddho bhavissasī’’ti dasamaṃ upekkhāpāramiṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
404成佛之法并不只是这些而已;
‘‘Na hete ettakāyeva, buddhadhammā bhavissare;
405我还要探寻其他能导向菩提的法。
Aññepi vicinissāmi, ye dhammā bodhipācanā.
406当他如此探寻时,看见了第十种——舍波罗蜜;
‘‘Vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, dasamaṃ upekkhāpāramiṃ;
407过去的大仙们所反复修习、亲近的。
Pubbakehi mahesīhi, āsevitanisevitaṃ.
408你现在应先坚固地受持这第十项波罗蜜,
‘‘Imaṃ tvaṃ dasamaṃ tāva, daḷhaṃ katvā samādiya;
409当你变得像天平般平稳坚固之后,便能证得正觉。
Tulābhūto daḷho hutvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasi.
410正如大地一样,对于被丢弃在上面的不净物与洁净物,
‘‘Yathāpi pathavī nāma, nikkhittaṃ asuciṃ suciṃ;
411它都保持平等的舍,不因此而产生愤怒或偏爱。
Upekkhati ubhopete, kopānunayavajjitā.
412同样地,你也应当对于乐和苦,恒常保持如同天平般的均平状态。
‘‘Tatheva tvampi sukhadukkhe, tulābhūto sadā bhava;
413在抵达舍波罗蜜之后,你将会证得正觉。
Upekkhāpāramitaṃ gantvā, sambodhiṃ pāpuṇissasī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.160-164);
414由此他思惟道:‘在这个世间,那些能令菩提成熟、成就佛果的成佛之法,恰恰好就是这么多,除了这十波罗蜜之外,再没有别的了。而且,这十波罗蜜,向上不在虚空中,向下不在地底下,也不在东方等各个方位中,实际上唯独安立在我自己的心脏之内。’如此,他见到了它们安立于心脏之中的实情之后,便将所有的波罗蜜都坚固地确立起来,并下定决心,随后一遍又一遍地反复推度观察,进行顺向与逆向的推度观察:他执取到末端后,进而推及其开端;执取到开端后,进而推及其末端;执取到中间后,进而导入两边的极端并停止;执取到两边的极端后,又导入中间并停止。他审察道:‘对外在物品的施舍,叫作布施波罗蜜;对身体部分肢体的施舍,叫作布施近波罗蜜;而对生命的施舍,则叫作布施最上波罗蜜。’就这样,他将十波罗蜜、十近波罗蜜、十最上波罗蜜,这三十种波罗蜜,像转动榨油机一般往复推度,又像将须弥山置于顶端去搅拌轮围大海一般,翻来覆去地推度。当他这样推度十波罗蜜时,凭借法的威德力,这厚达二十四万由旬的大地,犹如被象踩塌了的芦苇捆,又如被强力压榨的甘蔗压榨机那般,发出巨大的吼声,震动、遍震动、彻底震动。它如同陶匠的转轮,又如榨油机的轮子一样旋转。因此说:
Tato cintesi – ‘‘imasmiṃ loke bodhisattehi pūretabbā bodhiparipācanā buddhakārakadhammā ettakāyeva , dasa pāramiyo ṭhapetvā aññe natthi. Imāpi dasa pāramiyo uddhaṃ ākāsepi natthi, heṭṭhā pathaviyampi, puratthimādīsu disāsupi natthi, mayhaṃyeva pana hadayabbhantare patiṭṭhitā’’ti. Evaṃ tāsaṃ hadaye patiṭṭhitabhāvaṃ disvā sabbāpi tā daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāya punappunaṃ sammasanto anulomapaṭilomaṃ sammasati, pariyante gahetvā ādiṃ pāpeti, ādimhi gahetvā pariyantaṃ pāpeti, majjhe gahetvā ubhato koṭiṃ pāpetvā osāpeti, ubhato koṭīsu gahetvā majjhaṃ pāpetvā osāpeti. Bāhirakabhaṇḍapariccāgo dānapāramī nāma, aṅgapariccāgo dānaupapāramī nāma, jīvitapariccāgo dānaparamatthapāramī nāmāti dasa pāramiyo dasa upapāramiyo dasa paramatthapāramiyoti samattiṃsa pāramiyo telayantaṃ vinivaṭṭento viya mahāmeruṃ matthaṃ katvā cakkavāḷamahāsamuddaṃ āluḷento viya ca sammasati. Tassevaṃ dasa pāramiyo sammasantassa dhammatejena catunahutādhikadviyojanasatasahassabahalā ayaṃ mahāpathavī hatthinā akkantanaḷakalāpo viya, pīḷiyamānaṃ ucchuyantaṃ viya ca mahāviravaṃ viravamānā saṅkampi sampakampi sampavedhi. Kulālacakkaṃ viya telayantacakkaṃ viya ca paribbhami. Tena vuttaṃ –
415在这个世间,能成就菩提的这些法,恰好只有这么多。
‘‘Ettakāyeva te loke, ye dhammā bodhipācanā;
416在那之上并没有别的什么法了,你应当在这其中坚固地安立。
Taduddhaṃ natthi aññatra, daḷhaṃ tattha patiṭṭhaha.
417当他正在观察这些法,即各自的本性、作用与特相时,
‘‘Ime dhamme sammasato, sabhāvarasalakkhaṇe;
418凭着那些法的威德力,这片大地连同十千世界,都震动了起来。
Dhammatejena vasudhā, dasasahassī pakampatha.
419大地震动且发出轰鸣,就像受到强力挤压的甘蔗压榨机一样。
‘‘Calati ravati pathavī, ucchuyantaṃva pīḷitaṃ;
420就像榨油机里的轮子一样,大地这般震动。
Telayante yathā cakkaṃ, evaṃ kampati medanī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.165-167);
421当大地震动时,可爱之城的居民无法站稳,如同被劫末大风吹倒的大娑罗树一样,昏迷扑倒在地。陶壶、陶罐等器具倾倒滚动,互相撞击,碎成了粉末。大众惊恐万分,来到导师面前,说道:‘世尊,这究竟是龙卷风,还是来自鬼、夜叉、天神中的某一种旋风呢?我们确实不知。而且这所有大众都受到了侵扰,这世间究竟将有恶事,还是将有善事呢?请为我们解说其中原由。’于是导师听了他们的话后,说道:‘你们不要害怕,不要忧虑,你们并没有因此而来的怖畏。我今天所授记的“须弥陀智者将于未来成佛,名为乔达摩”的那一位,现在正在普遍审察十波罗蜜,当他正遍察、扰动时,以法的威力,整个十千世界在同一刹那震动并发出轰响。’因此这样说道:
Mahāpathaviyā kampamānāya rammanagaravāsino saṇṭhātuṃ asakkontā yugantavātabbhāhatā mahāsālā viya mucchitā papatiṃsu. Ghaṭādīni kulālabhājanāni pavaṭṭantāni aññamaññaṃ paharantāni cuṇṇavicuṇṇāni ahesuṃ. Mahājano bhītatasito satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho bhagavā nāgāvaṭṭo ayaṃ, bhūtayakkhadevatāsu aññatarāvaṭṭo vāti na hi mayaṃ etaṃ jānāma, apica kho sabbopi ayaṃ mahājano upadduto, kiṃ nu kho imassa lokassa pāpakaṃ bhavissati, udāhu kalyāṇaṃ, kathetha no etaṃ kāraṇa’’nti āha. Atha satthā tesaṃ kathaṃ sutvā ‘‘tumhe mā bhāyatha, mā cintayittha, natthi vo itonidānaṃ bhayaṃ. Yo so mayā ajja ‘sumedhapaṇḍito anāgate gotamo nāma buddho bhavissatī’ti byākato, so idāni dasa pāramiyo sammasati, tassa sammasantassa viloḷentassa dhammatejena sakaladasasahassī lokadhātu ekappahārena kampati ceva ravati cā’’ti āha. Tena vuttaṃ –
422在佛陀受供时,所有在场的大众,
‘‘Yāvatā parisā āsi, buddhassa parivesane;
423那些颤抖的人们,就在那里昏迷,倒在地上。
Pavedhamānā sā tattha, mucchitā sesi bhūmiyā.
424成千上万的陶罐,以及数以百计的水瓶,
‘‘Ghaṭānekasahassāni, kumbhīnañca satā bahū;
425在那里全都被粉碎、捣烂,互相撞击。
Sañcuṇṇamathitā tattha, aññamaññaṃ paghaṭṭitā.
426惊慌、恐惧、害怕、迷乱、心神不安;
‘‘Ubbiggā tasitā bhītā, bhantā byathitamānasā;
427大众人群聚集起来,前往燃灯佛那里。
Mahājanā samāgamma, dīpaṅkaramupāgamuṃ.
428世间将会发生什么,是善还是恶?
‘‘Kiṃ bhavissati lokassa, kalyāṇamatha pāpakaṃ;
429整个世界都受困扰,具眼者,请您消除这灾难。
Sabbo upadduto loko, taṃ vinodehi cakkhuma.
430当时,燃灯大牟尼让他们安心;
‘‘Tesaṃ tadā saññāpesi, dīpaṅkaro mahāmuni;
431‘在这大地震动时,你们要放心,不要恐惧。
Vissatthā hotha mā bhātha, imasmiṃ pathavikampane.
432今日我授记:“世间将出现佛陀”。
‘‘Yamahaṃ ajja byākāsiṃ, ‘buddho loke bhavissati’;
433此人正确地忆念过去胜利者所奉行的古法。
Eso sammasati dhammaṃ, pubbakaṃ jinasevitaṃ.
434由于他审察这法,并且彻底证知佛陀的境地;
‘‘Tassa sammasato dhammaṃ, buddhabhūmiṃ asesato;
435因此,这大地连同含天神的十千世界一起震动。
Tenāyaṃ kampitā pathavī, dasasahassī sadevake’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.168-174);
436大众听到如来的话后,欢喜踊跃,拿着花鬘、香、涂香,从可爱城出城,来到菩萨跟前,用花鬘、香等作供养,行礼,右绕致敬,然后就回到可爱城。菩萨也在思维抉择十波罗蜜之后,让精进变得坚固,下了决心,从所坐的座位上站起来。因此说:
Mahājano tathāgatassa vacanaṃ sutvā haṭṭhatuṭṭho mālāgandhavilepanaṃ ādāya rammanagarā nikkhamitvā bodhisattaṃ upasaṅkamitvā mālāgandhādīhi pūjetvā vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā rammanagarameva pāvisi. Bodhisattopi dasa pāramiyo sammasitvā vīriyaṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāya nisinnāsanā vuṭṭhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
437听到佛陀的话,心当下就清凉了;
‘‘Buddhassa vacanaṃ sutvā, mano nibbāyi tāvade;
438所有的大众都来亲近我,再次向我顶礼。
Sabbe maṃ upasaṅkamma, punāpi abhivandisuṃ.
439领受并持守佛陀的功德,让心变得坚定之后;
‘‘Samādiyitvā buddhaguṇaṃ, daḷhaṃ katvāna mānasaṃ;
440礼敬燃灯佛之后,我就从座位上站起来了。
Dīpaṅkaraṃ namassitvā, āsanā vuṭṭhahiṃ tadā’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.175-176);
441当时,正当菩萨要从座位起身时,遍布一万个轮围世界的天神都聚集起来,用天界的花鬘、香等供养、礼敬他,并且说道:‘贤者善慧苦行者,今天您在燃灯十力者的足下,发起了宏大的誓愿,愿这个誓愿能毫无障碍地为您成就,愿您没有恐惧,没有惊悚,愿您的身体不生起哪怕微小的疾病,愿您快速圆满诸波罗蜜而证悟正等正觉。就像应时开花、应时结果的树木,在时节到来时就开花结果一样,愿您也如此,不错过那个时机,快速地触及最上的正觉。’如此这般的赞叹与吉祥话语。这样称扬之后,天神们便各自回到自己的天界住处。菩萨也因受到众天神的赞叹,让精进变得坚固,下定决心:‘我将圆满十波罗蜜,在百劫又四大阿僧祇劫之后,成为佛陀。’接着就腾空而起,径直往雪山而去。因此说:
Atha bodhisattaṃ āsanā vuṭṭhahantaṃ sakaladasasahassacakkavāḷadevatā sannipatitvā dibbehi mālāgandhehi pūjetvā vanditvā ‘‘ayya sumedhatāpasa, tayā ajja dīpaṅkaradasabalassa pādamūle mahatī patthanā patthitā, sā te anantarāyena samijjhatu, mā te bhayaṃ vā chambhitattaṃ vā ahosi, sarīre appamattakopi rogo mā uppajjatu, khippaṃ pāramiyo pūretvā sammāsambodhiṃ paṭivijjha. Yathā pupphūpagaphalūpagarukkhā samaye pupphanti ceva phalanti ca, tatheva tvampi taṃ samayaṃ anatikkamitvā khippaṃ sambodhimuttamaṃ phusassū’’tiādīni thutimaṅgalāni payirudāhaṃsu. Evañca payirudāhitvā attano attano devaṭṭhānameva agamaṃsu. Bodhisattopi devatāhi abhitthavito – ‘‘ahaṃ dasa pāramiyo pūretvā kappasatasahassādhikānaṃ catunnaṃ asaṅkhyeyyānaṃ matthake buddho bhavissāmī’’ti vīriyaṃ daḷhaṃ katvā adhiṭṭhāya nabhaṃ abbhuggantvā himavantameva agamāsi. Tena vuttaṃ –
442天界的花、人间的花,诸天与众人这两者,
‘‘Dibbaṃ mānusakaṃ pupphaṃ, devā mānusakā ubho;
443在菩萨从座起身时,都散撒下花朵。
Samokiranti pupphehi, vuṭṭhahantassa āsanā.
444诸天和众人,这两者都说出祝福的话语:
‘‘Vedayanti ca te sotthiṃ, devā mānusakā ubho;
445您所发下的大愿,愿您能如所愿一般圆满成就。
Mahantaṃ patthitaṃ tuyhaṃ, taṃ labhassu yathicchitaṃ.
446愿一切恐惧都远离您,愿忧愁和疾病完全消灭;
‘‘Sabbītiyo vivajjantu, soko rogo vinassatu;
447愿您不会遇到任何障碍,迅速触及无上的觉悟。
Mā te bhavantvantarāyā, phusa khippaṃ bodhimuttamaṃ.
448就如同到了合适时节,那些开花的树木繁花似锦;
‘‘Yathāpi samaye patte, pupphanti pupphino dumā;
449同样地,大雄的您啊,也以佛陀的智慧尽情绽放吧。
Tatheva tvaṃ mahāvīra, buddhañāṇena pupphasu.
450正如一切正自觉者,都圆满了十种波罗蜜;
‘‘Yathā ye keci sambuddhā, pūrayuṃ dasa pāramī;
451同样地,大雄的您啊,也圆满那十种波罗蜜吧。
Tatheva tvaṃ mahāvīra, pūraya dasa pāramī.
452就像所有正自觉者,在菩提道场觉悟;
‘‘Yathā ye keci sambuddhā, bodhimaṇḍamhi bujjhare;
453同样地,大雄啊,请您证悟胜利者的觉悟吧。
Tatheva tvaṃ mahāvīra, bujjhassu jinabodhiyaṃ.
454就像所有正自觉者,转动法轮;
‘‘Yathā ye keci sambuddhā, dhammacakkaṃ pavattayuṃ;
455同样地,大雄啊,请您转动法轮吧。
Tatheva tvaṃ mahāvīra, dhammacakkaṃ pavattaya.
456犹如在满月之日,清净的月亮光芒照耀;
‘‘Puṇṇamāye yathā cando, parisuddho virocati;
457同样地,心意圆满的您,在十千世界中闪耀吧。
Tatheva tvaṃ puṇṇamano, viroca dasasahassiyaṃ.
458犹如脱离罗睺的太阳,以炽热的光辉格外耀眼;
‘‘Rāhumutto yathā sūriyo, tāpena atirocati;
459同样地,您解脱世间后,以光荣照耀吧。
Tatheva lokā muccitvā, viroca siriyā tuvaṃ.
460就好像所有的江河,最后都汇入大海;
‘‘Yathā yā kāci nadiyo, osaranti mahodadhiṃ;
461同样,愿包括天神在内的世间众生,都来到你的身边。
Evaṃ sadevakā lokā, osarantu tavantike.
462他受到那些众生的赞叹称颂,受持了十种法;
‘‘Tehi thutappasattho so, dasa dhamme samādiya;
463他圆满那些法之后,就走进林中。
Te dhamme paripūrento, pavanaṃ pāvisī tadā’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.177-187);
470善慧的故事到此结束。
Sumedhakathā niṭṭhitā.
464可爱之城的居民们进城以后,对以佛陀为首的比丘僧团作了大布施。导师为他们说法,使大众安立于归依等善法之后,便离开可爱之城。从那以后,他尽形寿住世,完成了一切佛陀应做的事,渐次般涅槃于无余涅槃界。其中应当详述的,都应依照《佛种姓》中所说的方法来展开。因为那里已有这样的说法——
Rammanagaravāsinopi kho nagaraṃ pavisitvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ adaṃsu. Satthā tesaṃ dhammaṃ desetvā mahājanaṃ saraṇādīsu patiṭṭhapetvā rammanagarā nikkhami. Tato uddhampi yāvatāyukaṃ tiṭṭhanto sabbaṃ buddhakiccaṃ katvā anukkamena anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi. Tattha yaṃ vattabbaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ buddhavaṃse vuttanayeneva vitthāretabbaṃ. Vuttañhi tattha –
465那时,他们供养了世间导师和僧伽之后,
‘‘Tadā te bhojayitvāna, sasaṅghaṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
466他们归依了那位导师燃灯佛。
Upagacchuṃ saraṇaṃ tassa, dīpaṅkarassa satthuno.
467如来让一些人安住于归依,
‘‘Saraṇagamane kañci, nivesesi tathāgato;
468让一些人安住于五戒,另一些人则安住于十戒等更上的戒。
Kañci pañcasu sīlesu, sīle dasavidhe paraṃ.
469他给予某人沙门性以及四种无上的果;
‘‘Kassaci deti sāmaññaṃ, caturo phalamuttame;
470他给予某人无比之法——无碍解。
Kassaci asame dhamme, deti so paṭisambhidā.
471人中的牛王给予某人八种殊胜的等至;
‘‘Kassaci varasamāpattiyo, aṭṭha deti narāsabho;
472给予某人三明,施与六神通。
Tisso kassaci vijjāyo, chaḷabhiññā pavecchati.
473大牟尼用这样的方法教诫众生,
‘‘Tena yogena janakāyaṃ, ovadati mahāmuni;
474因此,世间怙主的教法得以广泛流传。
Tena vitthārikaṃ āsi, lokanāthassa sāsanaṃ.
475那位名为燃灯佛、下颚像公牛肩一样宽大的人,
‘‘Mahāhanūsabhakkhandho, dīpaṅkarasanāmako;
476他度化了众多众生,让他们从悲惨的恶趣中解脱。
Bahū jane tārayati, parimoceti duggatiṃ.
477看到了应觉悟、可被引导的众生,即使在一百千由旬之外,
‘‘Bodhaneyyaṃ janaṃ disvā, satasahassepi yojane;
478便在刹那间前往那里,那位大牟尼就令他们觉悟。
Khaṇena upagantvāna, bodheti taṃ mahāmuni.
479在第一次现观时,佛陀使百俱胝众生觉悟;
‘‘Paṭhamābhisamaye buddho, koṭisatamabodhayi;
480在第二次现观时,依怙世尊使九十俱胝众生觉悟。
Dutiyābhisamaye nātho, navutikoṭimabodhayi.
481当佛陀在天宫说法时,
‘‘Yadā ca devabhavanamhi, buddho dhammamadesayi;
482九十俱胝千众生的第三次现观发生了。
Navutikoṭisahassānaṃ, tatiyābhisamayo ahu.
483导师燃灯佛有过三次集会;
‘‘Sannipātā tayo āsuṃ, dīpaṅkarassa satthuno;
484第一次集会,聚集了俱胝十万位比丘。
Koṭisatasahassānaṃ, paṭhamo āsi samāgamo.
485还有一次,在名叫那罗陀的山峰上,当胜利者(燃灯佛)安住于远离时;
‘‘Puna nāradakūṭamhi, pavivekagate jine;
486那些漏已尽、远离尘垢的阿拉汉,集合了百俱胝之多。
Khīṇāsavā vītamalā, samiṃsu satakoṭiyo.
487当大雄在善见山顶的时候,
‘‘Yamhi kāle mahāvīro, sudassanasiluccaye;
488大牟尼与九十俱胝千位比丘一起举行了自恣仪式。
Navutikoṭisahassehi, pavāresi mahāmuni.
489在那个时候,我是一个结发苦行者,修习极端的苦行;
‘‘Ahaṃ tena samayena, jaṭilo uggatāpano;
490我能游行于虚空,对于五神通,已经达到了彼岸。
Antalikkhamhi caraṇo, pañcābhiññāsu pāragū.
491有两万众生当时现观了法;
‘‘Dasavīsasahassānaṃ, dhammābhisamayo ahu;
492而一次、两人的现观次数,多到用数字无法计算。
Ekadvinnaṃ abhisamayā, gaṇanato asaṅkhiyā.
493那时,佛法传播得很广,追随的人非常多,整个僧团丰裕繁荣;
‘‘Vitthārikaṃ bāhujaññaṃ, iddhaṃ phītaṃ ahū tadā;
494燃灯佛世尊的教法,十分清净。
Dīpaṅkarassa bhagavato, sāsaraṃ suvisodhitaṃ.
495四十万位具足六神通、有大神力的比丘,
‘‘Cattāri satasahassāni, chaḷabhiññā mahiddhikā;
496他们恒常地围绕着世间解燃灯佛。
Dīpaṅkaraṃ lokaviduṃ parivārenti sabbadā.
497凡是在那个时候舍弃人的生存状态者,
‘‘Ye keci tena samayena, jahanti mānusaṃ bhavaṃ;
498那些未达圆满的有学,成为被呵责者。
Appattamānasā sekhā, garahitā bhavanti te.
499圣教如盛开的鲜花,被那样的阿罗汉们,
‘‘Supupphitaṃ pāvacanaṃ, arahantehi tādibhi;
500一直被那些漏尽无垢的圣者们所庄严。
Khīṇāsavehi vimalehi, upasobhati sabbadā.
501有一座城名为可爱地,国王是名为善天的刹帝利;
‘‘Nagaraṃ rammavatī nāma, sudevo nāma khattiyo;
502燃灯佛的母亲名叫善慧。
Sumedhā nāma janikā, dīpaṅkarassa satthuno.
503他在家生活了一万年;
‘‘Dasavassasahassāni, agāraṃ ajjha so vasi;
504天鹅、鹳、孔雀,这三座殊胜的宫殿。
Haṃsā koñcā mayūrā ca, tayo pāsādamuttamā.
505有三十万盛装打扮的女子,
‘‘Tīṇi satasahassāni, nāriyo samalaṅkatā;
506那位名为莲花的女子,所生的儿子肩膀宽阔如牛王。
Padumā nāma sā nārī, usabhakkhandho atrajo.
507见到四种相后,他乘象车出离;
‘‘Nimitte caturo disvā, hatthiyānena nikkhami;
508在整整十个月中,胜者勤修精进;
Anūnadasamāsāni, padhāne padahī jino.
509修习精勤行后,牟尼觉悟了心;
‘‘Padhānacāraṃ caritvāna, abujjhi mānasaṃ muni;
510被梵天劝请后,寂静的燃灯大牟尼。
Brahmunā yācito santo, dīpaṅkaro mahāmuni.
511大雄在难陀园、吉祥屋中转了法轮;
‘‘Vatti cakkaṃ mahāvīro, nandārāme sirīghare;
512坐在阔荚合欢树下,他摧伏了外道。
Nisinno sirīsamūlamhi, akāsi titthiyamaddanaṃ.
513善吉祥与提舍,成为上首弟子;
‘‘Sumaṅgalo ca tisso ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvakā;
514名为莎伽陀者是燃灯导师的侍者。
Sāgato nāmupaṭṭhāko, dīpaṅkarassa satthuno.
515难陀与苏难陀,成为上首女弟子。
Sunandā ca‘‘nandā ceva sunandā ca, ahesuṃ aggasāvikā;
516那位世尊的觉悟之树,被称为毕波罗树。
Bodhi tassa bhagavato, pipphalīti pavuccati.
517名为多波富沙和跋利迦的两位,成为上首侍者。
‘‘Tapussabhallikā nāma, ahesuṃ aggupaṭṭhakā;
518西利摩和柯纳是燃灯导师的女侍者。
Sirimā koṇā upaṭṭhikā, dīpaṅkarassa satthuno.
519燃灯佛大牟尼,身高有八十手。
‘‘Asītihatthamubbedho, dīpaṅkaro mahāmuni;
520他如同灯树般闪耀,就像盛开的娑罗树王。
Sobhati dīparukkhova, sālarājāva phullito.
521他的光芒向四周扩散,远达十二由旬。
‘‘Pabhā vidhāvati tassa, samantā dvādasa yojane;
522那位大仙的寿命是十万年。
Satasahassavassāni, āyu tassa mahesino;
523在他住世的这段时间里,他度脱了许多众生。
Tāvatā tiṭṭhamāno so, tāresi janataṃ bahuṃ.
524他使正法放射光芒,度化了大众之后,
‘‘Jotayitvāna saddhammaṃ, santāretvā mahājanaṃ;
525就像一堆大火燃尽后熄灭一样,他与弟子们一同般涅槃了。
Jalitvā aggikhandhova, nibbuto so sasāvako.
526那神通、那名声,还有脚底的轮宝,
‘‘Sā ca iddhi so ca yaso, tāni ca pādesu cakkaratanāni;
527这一切全都消失了,一切诸行岂不是空的吗?
Sabbaṃ tamantarahitaṃ, nanu rittā sabbasaṅkhārāti.
528燃灯胜者导师,在难陀园般涅槃;
‘‘Dīpaṅkaro jino satthā, nandārāmamhi nibbuto;
529在那里,这位胜者的塔高达三十六由旬。
Tatthetassa jinathūpo, chattiṃsubbedhayojano’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 3.1-31);
537憍陈如佛
Koṇḍañño buddho
530燃灯世尊之后,经过一不可数劫,有一位名为憍陈如的导师出现。他也有三次声闻集会。第一次集会时,有百千亿比丘;第二次时,有千亿比丘;第三次时,有九十亿比丘。那时,菩萨是一位名为胜利者的转轮王,他为以佛陀为首的百千亿比丘僧团做了大布施。导师为菩萨授记说:‘你将会成佛。’并为他宣说佛法。他听完导师说法后,舍弃王位出家。他学习三藏,成就了八等至与五神通,禅那没有退失,后来生于梵天界。憍陈如佛的都城名为快乐城,父亲是刹帝利种姓的善喜王,母亲是善生天后,上首弟子是贤者与妙贤,侍者是阿那律,上首女弟子是帝沙与优婆帝沙,菩提树是白玫瑰树,佛的身高为八十八肘,寿命是十万年。
Dīpaṅkarassa pana bhagavato aparabhāge ekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ atikkamitvā koṇḍañño nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā ahesuṃ. Paṭhamasannipāte koṭisatasahassaṃ, dutiye koṭisahassaṃ , tatiye navutikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto vijitāvī nāma cakkavattī hutvā koṭisatasahassassa buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ adāsi. Satthā bodhisattaṃ ‘‘buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākaritvā dhammaṃ desesi. So satthu dhammakathaṃ sutvā rajjaṃ niyyātetvā pabbaji. So tīṇi piṭakāni uggahetvā aṭṭha samāpattiyo ca pañca abhiññāyo ca uppādetvā aparihīnajjhāno brahmaloke nibbatti. Koṇḍaññabuddhassa pana rammavatī nāma nagaraṃ, sunando nāma khattiyo pitā, sujātā nāma devī mātā, bhaddo ca subhaddo ca dve aggasāvakā, anuruddho nāmupaṭṭhāko, tissā ca upatissā ca dve aggasāvikā, sālakalyāṇirukkho bodhi, aṭṭhāsītihatthubbedhaṃ sarīraṃ, vassasatasahassaṃ āyuppamāṇaṃ ahosi.
531在燃灯佛之后,有一位名为憍陈如的导师;
‘‘Dīpaṅkarassa aparena, koṇḍañño nāma nāyako;
532他具有无边的威光与无限的声誉,不可测量,难以企及。
Anantatejo amitayaso, appameyyo durāsado’’.
533在他之后,经过一不可数劫,在同一劫中出现了四位佛陀:吉祥佛、善意佛、雷瓦达佛、索毗达佛。吉祥世尊有三次声闻集会。第一次集会时,比丘众有百千亿;第二次时,也有百千亿;第三次时,有九十亿。据说,他的异母兄弟名叫阿难陀的王子,带着九十亿眷属前来导师这里听闻正法。导师为他们次第说法,这位王子连同眷属都具足无碍解,证得阿拉汉果。导师观察这些善男子往昔的修行,看到他们有获得神变衣钵的因缘,便伸出右手说:‘来吧,比丘们。’当下,所有的人立刻成为具备神变衣钵、犹如六十戒腊长老那样威仪具足者,他们礼敬导师,围绕在导师身旁。这就是他的第三次声闻集会。
Tassa aparabhāge ekaṃ asaṅkhyeyyaṃ atikkamitvā ekasmiṃ kappeyeva cattāro buddhā nibbattiṃsu – maṅgalo, sumano, revato, sobhitoti. Maṅgalassa bhagavato tīsu sāvakasannipātesu paṭhamasannipāte koṭisatasahassaṃ bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye koṭisatasahassaṃ, tatiye navuṭikoṭiyo. Vemātikabhātā kirassa ānandakumāro nāma navutikoṭisaṅkhāya parisāya saddhiṃ dhammassavanatthāya satthu santikaṃ agamāsi. Satthā tassa anupubbikathaṃ kathesi. So saddhiṃ parisāya saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Satthā tesaṃ kulaputtānaṃ pubbacaritaṃ olokento iddhimayapattacīvarassa upanissayaṃ disvā dakkhiṇahatthaṃ pasāretvā ‘‘etha bhikkhavo’’ti āha. Sabbe taṅkhaṇaññeva iddhimayapattacīvaradharā saṭṭhivassikatherā viya ākappasampannā hutvā satthāraṃ vanditvā parivārayiṃsu. Ayamassa tatiyo sāvakasannipāto ahosi.
534然而,不像其他佛陀那样,他们的身光普遍只有八十肘的范围。这位世尊的身光则恒常遍满一万个世界。树木、大地、山岳、大海,乃至锅釜等一切事物,都像被一层金箔裹住一样。他的寿命有九万年。在这期间,太阳和月亮无法以自身的光芒照耀,昼夜的分别也显现不出来。众生始终只靠着佛光活动,就像白天靠着日光活动一样。只有靠着傍晚花朵开放、清晨鸟儿鸣叫,世间才知道昼夜的更替。
Yathā pana aññesaṃ buddhānaṃ samantā asītihatthappamāṇāyeva sarīrappabhā ahosi, na evaṃ tassa. Tassa pana bhagavato sarīrappabhā niccakālaṃ dasasahassilokadhātuṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi. Rukkhapathavīpabbatasamuddādayo antamaso ukkhaliyādīni upādāya suvaṇṇapaṭṭapariyonaddhā viya ahesuṃ. Āyuppamāṇaṃ panassa navutivassasahassāni ahosi. Ettakaṃ kālaṃ candimasūriyādayo attano pabhāya virocituṃ nāsakkhiṃsu, rattindivaparicchedo na paññāyittha. Divā sūriyālokena viya sattā niccaṃ buddhālokeneva vicariṃsu. Sāyaṃ pupphitakusumānaṃ pāto ca ravanakasakuṇādīnañca vasena loko rattindivaparicchedaṃ sallakkhesi.
535那么,难道其他诸佛没有这样的威力吗?并非没有。他们只要愿意,也能以光明遍满一万个世界界,乃至更广的范围。但是吉祥佛世尊由于过去世的愿力,他的身光不像其他佛的丈光那样,而是恒常遍满一万个世界界而安住。据说,他在行菩萨道的时候,处在类似于韦桑答拉那样的身体中,与妻子儿女一起住在类似于曲山的山上。那时,有一个名叫剑齿的夜叉,听闻这位大人乐善好施的心意,就变作婆罗门的模样,上前向大士乞求两个孩子。大士说:‘婆罗门,我把孩子给你。’当时他内心充满欢喜踊跃,使得大地震动直到水边,接着就把两个孩子都交了出去。夜叉靠着经行道尽头的栏杆板站立,当着大士的面,像嚼一束藕根那样把孩子吞食了。这位大人看到夜叉张开嘴时,如同火焰般的血流喷涌而出,但即使看见那张嘴,他心里也没有生起一丝一毫的忧恼。他心想:‘我这次的布施真是给得好啊!’于是身体中生起了极大的喜悦与满足。他因此发愿:‘愿以我这次布施的果报,在未来世,也用这种方式,让光芒从我的身上放射出来。’由于这个愿,当他成佛时,身上的光芒便遍满了如此广大的范围。
Kiṃ pana aññesaṃ buddhānaṃ ayamānubhāvo natthīti? No natthi. Tepi hi ākaṅkhamānā dasasahassilokadhātuṃ vā tato vā bhiyyo ābhāya phareyyuṃ. Maṅgalassa pana bhagavato pubbapatthanāvasena aññesaṃ byāmappabhā viya sarīrappabhā niccameva dasasahassilokadhātuṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi. So kira bodhisattacariyacaraṇakāle vessantarasadise attabhāveṭhito saputtadāro vaṅkapabbatasadise pabbate vasi. Atheko kharadāṭhiko nāma yakkho mahāpurisassa dānajjhāsayataṃ sutvā brāhmaṇavaṇṇena upasaṅkamitvā mahāsattaṃ dve dārake yāci. Mahāsatto ‘‘dadāmi, brāhmaṇa, puttake’’ti vatvā haṭṭhapahaṭṭho udakapariyantaṃ mahāpathaviṃ kampento dvepi dārake adāsi. Yakkho caṅkamanakoṭiyaṃ ālambanaphalakaṃ nissāya ṭhatvā passantasseva mahāsattassa mulālakalāpaṃ viya dārake khādi. Mahāpurisassa yakkhaṃ oloketvā mukhe vivaṭamatte aggijālaṃ viya lohitadhāraṃ uggiramānaṃ tassa mukhaṃ disvāpi kesaggamattampi domanassaṃ na uppajji. ‘‘Sudinnaṃ vata me dāna’’nti cintayato panassa sarīre mahantaṃ pītisomanassaṃ udapādi. So ‘‘imassa me dānassa nissandena anāgate imināva nīhārena sarīrato rasmiyo nikkhamantū’’ti patthanaṃ akāsi. Tassa taṃ patthanaṃ nissāya buddhabhūtassa sarīrato rasmiyo nikkhamitvā ettakaṃ ṭhānaṃ phariṃsu.
536此外,他往昔还有另一段菩萨行。据说,还在做菩萨的时候,他见到一座佛塔,心想:‘为了这位佛陀,我应当舍弃生命。’于是,他按照缠灯芯的方式将全身缠裹起来,取来一只仅宝石芯就价值十万的宝珠金钵,盛满酥油,在里面点燃一千盏灯,用头顶着,右绕佛塔,整整一夜就这样度过。他如此精进,直到曙光升起,身上连毛孔大小的一点热感都没有。那感觉就像进入了莲花苞中一样。这是因为,法确实会保护那些保护法的人。所以世尊说:
Aparampissa pubbacariyaṃ atthi. So kira bodhisattakāle ekassa buddhassa cetiyaṃ disvā ‘‘imassa buddhassa mayā jīvitaṃ pariccajituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti daṇḍakadīpikāveṭhananiyāmena sakalasarīraṃ veṭhāpetvā ratanamattamakuḷaṃ satasahassagghanikaṃ suvaṇṇapātiṃ sappissa pūrāpetvā tattha sahassavaṭṭiyo jāletvā taṃ sīsenādāya sakalasarīraṃ jālāpetvā cetiyaṃ padakkhiṇaṃ karonto sakalarattiṃ vītināmeti. Evaṃ yāva aruṇuggamanā vāyamantassāpissa lomakūpamattampi usumaṃ na gaṇhi. Padumagabbhaṃ paviṭṭhakālo viya ahosi. Dhammo hi nāmesa attānaṃ rakkhantaṃ rakkhati. Tenāha bhagavā –
537‘法确实保护行持法的人,善修的法带来安乐;’
‘‘Dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāriṃ, dhammo suciṇṇo sukhamāvahāti;
538这就是「善修法的功德」:行法之人不会堕入恶道。’(《长老偈》303;《本生经》1.10.102)
Esānisaṃso dhamme suciṇṇe, na duggatiṃ gacchati dhammacārī’’ti. (theragā. 303; jā. 1.10.102) –
539也由于此业的果报,那位世尊的身光遍满一万个世界界而安住。
Imassapi kammassa nissandena tassa bhagavato sarīrobhāso dasasahassilokadhātuṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi.
540那时,我们的菩萨是一位名叫「善光」的婆罗门。他心想:‘我要邀请导师’,便走上前去,听了甘甜的法语后说道:‘尊者,明天请接受我的施食。’‘婆罗门,你需要多少位比丘?’他问:‘尊者,那您有多少位随行比丘呢?’那时正巧是导师的初次集会,因此导师回答:‘一亿位’。他说:‘尊者,请连同所有比丘一起接受我的供养。’导师默许了。婆罗门约定了明日的供养后,在回家的路上心里想着:‘我能为这么多比丘提供粥、食、衣等物品,可是坐的地方又该怎么办呢?’
Tadā amhākaṃ bodhisatto suruci nāma brāhmaṇo hutvā ‘‘satthāraṃ nimantessāmī’’ti upasaṅkamitvā madhuradhammakathaṃ sutvā ‘‘sve mayhaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhatha, bhante’’ti āha. ‘‘Brāhmaṇa, kittakehi te bhikkhūhi attho’’ti? ‘‘Kittakā pana vo, bhante, parivārabhikkhū’’ti āha. Tadā satthu paṭhamasannipātoyeva hoti, tasmā ‘‘koṭisatasahassa’’nti āha. ‘‘Bhante, sabbehipi saddhiṃ mayhaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti. Satthā adhivāsesi. Brāhmaṇo svātanāya nimantetvā gehaṃ gacchanto cintesi – ‘‘ahaṃ ettakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ yāgubhattavatthādīni dātuṃ sakkomi, nisīdanaṭṭhānaṃ pana kathaṃ bhavissatī’’ti?
541他的这个念头,让位于八万四千由旬之上的天王的黄色毛毯石座发起热来。帝释天用天眼观察:‘是谁想把我从这个位置赶走?’当他看见这位大人后,心想:‘这位名叫善光的婆罗门邀请了以佛陀为首的比丘僧团,正在为坐处的事操心。我也应该去那里,获取一份福报。’于是他化成一个木匠的模样,手里拿着斧头和凿子,出现在大人面前。他问道:‘有没有需要做工换工钱的事情?’大人看见他,问:‘你会做什么工作?’他说:‘没有我未曾学过的技艺。无论是建造房屋还是厅堂,别人要建什么,我都会做。’大人说:‘那正好,我有活给你干。’他问:‘什么事,主人?’大人说:‘我明天邀请了一亿位比丘。你能为他们建一座坐席的厅堂吗?’木匠说:‘我可以建,只要你们能付我工钱。’大人说:‘我能付,贤友。’木匠说:‘好的,我会建造。’他便去勘察一处地方。发现有一片方圆十二、十三由旬的地,像擦干净的圆镜一样平坦。他心想:‘愿此地涌出一座七宝宝厅’,便凝视观想。刹那间,大地裂开,宝厅涌出。在这座宝厅里,金柱上的柱头是银制的,银柱上的柱头是金制的,宝珠柱上的柱头是珊瑚制的,珊瑚柱上的柱头是宝珠制的,七宝柱上的柱头也都是七宝制成的。接着,他又观想:‘愿宝厅的各处之间垂挂起小铃网络’。随观想,铃网即垂。微风拂动时,发出犹如五种乐器合奏的美妙音声,就像天乐演奏时一般。当他心想‘愿各各之间垂挂起香鬘和花鬘’时,花鬘便垂了下来。他又心想:‘愿供一亿位比丘使用的座具和脚几从地涌出’,彼等随即涌出。他又心想:‘愿每个角落都有一只水瓮涌出’,水瓮也即涌出。
Tassa sā cintā caturāsītiyojanasahassamatthake ṭhitassa devarañño paṇḍukambalasilāsanassa uṇhabhāvaṃ janesi. Sakko ‘‘ko nu kho maṃ imamhā ṭhānā cāvetukāmo’’ti dibbacakkhunā olokento mahāpurisaṃ disvā ‘‘suruci nāma brāhmaṇo buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ nimantetvā nisīdanaṭṭhānatthāya cintesi, mayāpi tattha gantvā puññakoṭṭhāsaṃ gahetuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti vaḍḍhakivaṇṇaṃ nimminitvā vāsipharasuhattho mahāpurisassa purato pāturahosi. ‘‘Atthi nu kho kassaci bhatiyā kattabbakicca’’nti āha. Mahāpuriso taṃ disvā ‘‘kiṃ kammaṃ karissasī’’ti āha. ‘‘Mama ajānanasippaṃ nāma natthi, gehaṃ vā maṇḍapaṃ vā yo yaṃ kāreti, tassa taṃ kātuṃ jānāmī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi mayhaṃ kammaṃ atthī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ, ayyā’’ti? ‘‘Svātanāya me koṭisatasahassabhikkhū nimantitā. Tesaṃ nisīdanamaṇḍapaṃ karissasī’’ti? ‘‘Ahaṃ nāma kareyyaṃ sace me bhatiṃ dātuṃ sakkhissathā’’ti. ‘‘Sakkhissāmi, tātā’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu karissāmī’’ti gantvā ekaṃ padesaṃ olokesi. Dvādasaterasayojanappamāṇo padeso kasiṇamaṇḍalaṃ viya samatalo ahosi. So ‘‘ettake ṭhāne sattaratanamayo maṇḍapo uṭṭhahatū’’ti cintetvā olokesi. Tāvadeva pathaviṃ bhinditvā maṇḍapo uṭṭhahi. Tassa sovaṇṇamayesu thambhesu rajatamayā ghaṭakā ahesuṃ, rajatamayesu sovaṇṇamayā, maṇimayesu thambhesu pavāḷamayā, pavāḷamayesu maṇimayā, sattaratanamayesu thambhesu sattaratanamayā ghaṭakā ahesuṃ. Tato ‘‘maṇḍapassa antarantare kiṅkaṇikajālaṃ olambatū’’ti olokesi. Saha olokaneneva jālaṃ olambi. Yassa mandavāteritassa pañcaṅgikasseva tūriyassa madhurasaddo niccharati. Dibbasaṅgītivattanakālo viya ahosi. ‘‘Antarantarā gandhadāmamālādāmāni olambantū’’ti cintentassa mālādāmāni olambiṃsu. ‘‘Koṭisatasahassasaṅkhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ āsanāni ca ādhārakāni ca pathaviṃ bhinditvā uṭṭhahantū’’ti cintesi, tāvadeva uṭṭhahiṃsu. ‘‘Koṇe koṇe ekekā udakacāṭiyo uṭṭhahantū’’ti cintesi, udakacāṭiyo uṭṭhahiṃsu.
542他如此化现完毕后,来到婆罗门那里说:‘来吧,尊者,去看看您的厅堂,然后把我的工钱付了。’大人便去看那厅堂。正在观看时,他全身无间断地充满了五种颜色的喜悦。他查看完厅堂后,心里如此想:‘这座厅堂绝对不是凡人建造的。一定是我的意愿和德行,使得帝释的天宫发热,所以帝释天王才造了这座厅堂。’接着他又想:‘在这样殊胜的厅堂里,仅仅施舍一天,对我来说实在不相称。我要施舍七天。’因为仅仅是外在物质的布施,即使数量再多,也不能让菩萨生起满足的喜悦。只有在如割下自己装饰的头颅、挖出涂过眼膏的眼睛,或者掏出心脏的肉来布施时,菩萨才会因舍心生起真正的喜悦。比如在我们的菩萨身为尸毗王的本生故事中,他每天在四个城门和城中央布施五十万钱,这样的布施却未能让他生起舍心的喜悦。但是,当帝释天王化作婆罗门前来乞求他的眼睛时,他把眼睛挖出来布施的那一刻,他的脸上才露出了笑容,心念没有丝毫的波动。像这样,对于布施,菩萨是不会有餍足的。因此,这位大人也想:‘我应该为这十万位比丘布施七天。’于是他请比丘们在那座厅堂中坐下,连续七天供养了名为「牛饮」的饮食。所谓「牛饮」,指的是将极大的锅盛满牛乳,放在灶上煮成凝厚的熟乳后,放入少许米,再用熟蜜、砂糖、粉末和酥油调和而成的食物。但是,单靠人力根本无法行供,诸天也穿插着来帮忙行供。那方圆十二、十三由旬的地方,根本容纳不下那些比丘,但那些比丘都凭借自己的威神力坐了下来。在最后一天,大人让人洗净所有比丘的钵,为了作为药用的需要,将钵盛满了酥油、鲜奶油、油、蜜和糖浆,并连同三衣一起供养。僧团中新受戒的比丘得到的衣布,每件都价值十万钱。
So ettakaṃ māpetvā brāhmaṇassa santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘ehi, ayya, tava maṇḍapaṃ oloketvā mayhaṃ bhatiṃ dehī’’ti āha. Mahāpuriso gantvā maṇḍapaṃ olokesi. Olokentasseva ca sakalasarīraṃ pañcavaṇṇāya pītiyā nirantaraṃ phuṭaṃ ahosi. Athassa maṇḍapaṃ oloketvā etadahosi – ‘‘nāyaṃ maṇḍapo manussabhūtena kato, mayhaṃ pana ajjhāsayaṃ mayhaṃ guṇaṃ āgamma addhā sakkabhavanaṃ uṇhaṃ bhavissati. Tato sakkena devaraññā ayaṃ maṇḍapo kārito bhavissatī’’ti. ‘‘Na kho pana me yuttaṃ evarūpe maṇḍape ekadivasaṃyeva dānaṃ dātuṃ, sattāhaṃ dassāmī’’ti cintesi. Bāhirakadānañhi tattakampi samānaṃ bodhisattānaṃ tuṭṭhiṃ kātuṃ na sakkoti, alaṅkatasīsaṃ pana chinditvā añjitaakkhīni uppāṭetvā hadayamaṃsaṃ vā ubbaṭṭetvā dinnakāle bodhisattānaṃ cāgaṃ nissāya tuṭṭhi nāma hoti. Amhākampi hi bodhisattassa sivirājajātake devasikaṃ pañcakahāpaṇasatasahassāni vissajjetvā catūsu dvāresu nagaramajjhe ca dānaṃ dentassa taṃ dānaṃ cāgatuṭṭhiṃ uppādetuṃ nāsakkhi. Yadā panassa brāhmaṇavaṇṇena āgantvā sakko devarājā akkhīni yāci, tadā tāni uppāṭetvā dadamānasseva hāso uppajji, kesaggamattampi cittaṃ aññathattaṃ nāhosi. Evaṃ dinnadānaṃ nissāya bodhisattānaṃ titti nāma natthi. Tasmā sopi mahāpuriso ‘‘sattāhaṃ mayā koṭisatasahassasaṅkhānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dānaṃ dātuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti cintetvā tasmiṃ maṇḍape nisīdāpetvā sattāhaṃ gavapānaṃ nāma adāsi. Gavapānanti mahante mahante kolambe khīrassa pūretvā uddhanesu āropetvā ghanapākapakke khīre thoke taṇḍule pakkhipitvā pakkamadhusakkaracuṇṇasappīhi abhisaṅkhatabhojanaṃ vuccati. Manussāyeva pana parivisituṃ nāsakkhiṃsu. Devāpi ekantarikā hutvā parivisiṃsu. Dvādasaterasayojanappamāṇaṃ ṭhānampi bhikkhū gaṇhituṃ nappahosiyeva , te pana bhikkhū attano ānubhāvena nisīdiṃsu. Pariyosānadivase pana sabbabhikkhūnaṃ pattāni dhovāpetvā bhesajjatthāya sappinavanītatelamadhuphāṇitānaṃ pūretvā ticīvarehi saddhiṃ adāsi, saṅghanavakabhikkhunā laddhacīvarasāṭakā satasahassagghanikā ahesuṃ.
543导师在作随喜时,观察道:‘这个人做了如此大的布施,他将来会成为什么呢?’他看到:‘在未来,经过百劫又两个阿僧祇劫之后,他将成为名为乔达摩的佛。’于是导师唤来大人,授记说:‘你在经历了这么漫长的时间之后,将成为名为乔达摩的佛。’大人听到这授记后,心想:‘据说我将会成佛,那居家生活对我来说有什么用呢?我应该出家。’于是他把那样的成就视如唾沫一般舍弃掉,在导师座下出家,学习了佛语,成就了神通与等至,在寿命终了时,投生到了梵天界。
Satthā anumodanaṃ karonto – ‘‘ayaṃ puriso evarūpaṃ mahādānaṃ adāsi, ko nu kho bhavissatī’’ti upadhārento – ‘‘anāgate kappasatasahassādhikānaṃ dvinnaṃ asaṅkhyeyyānaṃ matthake gotamo nāma buddho bhavissatī’’ti disvā mahāpurisaṃ āmantetvā ‘‘tvaṃ ettakaṃ nāma kālaṃ atikkamitvā gotamo nāma buddho bhavissasī’’ti byākāsi. Mahāpuriso byākaraṇaṃ sutvā ‘‘ahaṃ kira buddho bhavissāmi, ko me gharāvāsena attho, pabbajissāmī’’ti cintetvā tathārūpaṃ sampattiṃ kheḷapiṇḍaṃ viya pahāya satthu santike pabbajitvā buddhavacanaṃ uggaṇhitvā abhiññāyo ca samāpattiyo ca nibbattetvā āyupariyosāne brahmaloke nibbatti.
552吉祥佛。
Maṅgalo buddho
544吉祥世尊的城名叫「北城」,父亲是名叫「北」的刹帝利,母亲是名叫「北」的王后。两位上首弟子是「善天」和「法军」,侍者名叫「护」,两位上首女弟子是「西瓦利」和「无忧」。他的菩提树是「龙树」,身躯高达八十八肘。吉祥世尊住世九万年。当他般涅槃时,就在那一瞬间,一万个轮围世界都变成了一片黑暗。所有轮围世界的众生都发出了极大的痛哭与悲叹。
Maṅgalassa pana bhagavato nagaraṃ uttaraṃ nāma ahosi, pitāpi uttaro nāma khattiyo, mātāpi uttarā nāma devī, sudevo ca dhammaseno ca dve aggasāvakā, pālito nāmupaṭṭhāko, sīvalī ca asokā ca dve aggasāvikā, nāgarukkho bodhi, aṭṭhāsītihatthubbedhaṃ sarīraṃ ahosi. Navuti vassasahassāni ṭhatvā parinibbute pana tasmiṃ ekappahāreneva dasa cakkavāḷasahassāni ekandhakārāni ahesuṃ. Sabbacakkavāḷesu manussānaṃ mahantaṃ ārodanaparidevanaṃ ahosi.
545在憍陈如佛之后,有一位名为「吉祥」的导师;
‘‘Koṇḍaññassa aparena, maṅgalo nāma nāyako;
546他在世间除去了黑暗,高举法炬。
Tamaṃ loke nihantvāna, dhammokkamabhidhārayī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 5.1);
556善意佛。
Sumano buddho
547就像这样,在那位使一万个世界界陷入黑暗而般涅槃的世尊之后,名为「善意」的导师出现在世间。他也有三次声闻集会。第一次集会时,有十万位比丘;第二次在金幢山,有九万俱胝比丘;第三次有八万俱胝比丘。那时,大士是一位名叫「无上」的龙王,有大神通、大威力。他听说「佛陀出世了」,便由亲族眷属围绕,从龙宫出来,来到那位被十万比丘围绕的世尊面前,用天乐作供养,举办大布施,给每位比丘各一套衣服,然后归依三宝。那位导师也为他授记说:「未来你将成为佛」。那位世尊的都城名叫腰带城,父亲是善施王,母亲是吉祥妃,两位上首弟子是「归依」和「修定」比丘,侍者名叫上生,两位上首女弟子是「锁纳」和「近锁纳」比丘尼,菩提树是龙树,佛身有九十肘高,寿命正好九万年。
Evaṃ dasasahassilokadhātuṃ andhakāraṃ katvā parinibbutassa tassa bhagavato aparabhāge sumano nāma satthā loke udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte koṭisatasahassabhikkhū ahesuṃ. Dutiye kañcanapabbatamhi navutikoṭisahassāni, tatiye asītikoṭisahassāni. Tadā mahāsatto atulo nāma nāgarājā ahosi mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo. So ‘‘buddho uppanno’’ti sutvā ñātisaṅghaparivuto nāgabhavanā nikkhamitvā koṭisatasahassabhikkhuparivārassa tassa bhagavato dibbatūriyehi upahāraṃ kāretvā mahādānaṃ pavattetvā paccekaṃ dussayugāni datvā saraṇesu patiṭṭhāsi. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato nagaraṃ mekhalaṃ nāma ahosi, sudatto nāma rājā pitā, sirimā nāma mātā devī, saraṇo ca bhāvitatto ca dve aggasāvakā, udeno nāmupaṭṭhāko, soṇā ca upasoṇā ca dve aggasāvikā, nāgarukkho bodhi, navutihatthubbedhaṃ sarīraṃ ahosi, navutiyeva vassasahassāni āyuppamāṇaṃ ahosi.
548在吉祥佛之后,有一位名为「善意」的导师;
‘‘Maṅgalassa aparena, sumano nāma nāyako;
549他在一切法中无与伦比,是一切众生中的最上者。
Sabbadhammehi asamo, sabbasattānamuttamo’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 6.1);
560离婆多佛。
Revato buddho
550在他之后,名为「离婆多」的导师出现于世。他也有三次声闻集会。第一次集会无法计数,第二次集会有千亿比丘,第三次也是如此。那时,菩萨是一位名为「超天」的婆罗门,听闻导师说法后,归依三宝,合掌置于头顶,听到那位导师赞叹断除烦恼的功德后,便用上衣作供养。那位导师也为他授记说:「你将成为佛」。而那位世尊的都城名为「善谷物城」,父亲是名为「广大」的刹帝利,母亲名为「广大妃」,两位上首弟子是「婆留那」和「梵天」,侍者名为「发生」,两位上首女弟子是「贤善」和「极贤善」,菩提树是龙树,佛身有八十肘高,寿命为六万年。
Tassa aparabhāge revato nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte gaṇanā natthi, dutiye koṭisatasahassabhikkhū ahesuṃ, tathā tatiye. Tadā bodhisatto atidevo nāma brāhmaṇo hutvā satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā saraṇesu patiṭṭhāya sirasi añjaliṃ ṭhapetvā tassa satthuno kilesappahāne vaṇṇaṃ sutvā uttarāsaṅgena pūjaṃ akāsi. Sopi naṃ ‘‘buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa pana bhagavato nagaraṃ sudhaññavatī nāma ahosi, pitā vipulo nāma khattiyo, mātā vipulā nāma, varuṇo ca brahmadevo ca dve aggasāvakā, sambhavo nāmupaṭṭhāko, bhaddā ca subhaddā ca dve aggasāvikā, nāgarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ asītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, āyu saṭṭhi vassasahassānīti.
551在善意佛之后,出现了一位名为「离婆多」的导师;
‘‘Sumanassa aparena, revato nāma nāyako;
552他无可比拟、无与伦比、无比,是至高无上的胜利者。
Anūpamo asadiso, atulo uttamo jino’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 7.1);
564「庄严佛」
Sobhito buddho
553在他(离婆多佛)之后,出现了一位名为「庄严」的导师。他也有三次声闻弟子集会。第一次集会时,有一亿比丘;第二次有九千万;第三次有八千万。那时,菩萨是一位名叫「阿耆多」的婆罗门,他听闻导师说法之后,便归依了三宝,并且向以佛陀为首的比丘僧团举行了盛大的布施供养。这位菩萨也被(佛陀)授记说:‘你将来会成佛。’那位世尊的都城名为「善法城」,父王名为「善法」,母后也名为「善法」。两位上首弟子是「无比」和「善眼」,侍者名为「无上」,两位上首女弟子是「鼬女」和「善生女」,菩提树是龙树。他的身量高达五十八肘,寿命量为九万岁。
Tassa aparabhāge sobhito nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte koṭisataṃ bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye navutikoṭiyo, tatiye asītikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto ajito nāma brāhmaṇo hutvā satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā saraṇesu patiṭṭhāya buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ adāsi. Sopi naṃ ‘‘buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa pana bhagavato nagaraṃ sudhammaṃ nāma ahosi, pitā sudhammo nāma rājā, mātāpi sudhammā nāma devī, asamo ca sunetto ca dve aggasāvakā, anomo nāmupaṭṭhāko, nakulā ca sujātā ca dve aggasāvikā, nāgarukkho bodhi , aṭṭhapaṇṇāsahatthubbedhaṃ sarīraṃ ahosi, navuti vassasahassāni āyuppamāṇanti.
554在离婆多佛之后,出现了一位名为「庄严」的导师;
‘‘Revatassa aparena, sobhito nāma nāyako;
555他心安住于定、寂静,无可比拟,是无人能匹敌的。
Samāhito santacitto, asamo appaṭipuggalo’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 8.1);
568「无量见佛」
Anomadassī buddho
556在他(庄严佛)之后,经过了一个不可数劫,在同一个劫中,有三位佛陀出世:无量见佛、莲花佛、那拉达佛。无量见世尊有三次声闻弟子集会。第一次集会有八十万比丘,第二次有七十万,第三次有六十万。那时,菩萨是一位夜叉将军,拥有大神力、大威力,是无数百千夜叉的首领。他听说‘佛陀出世了’之后,便前来向以佛陀为首的比丘僧团举行了盛大的布施供养。导师也为他授记说:‘你在未来将会成佛。’无量见世尊的都城名为「月城」,父王是名为「名望」的国王,母后是名为「名望护」的王后。两位上首弟子是「牛王」和「无上」,侍者名为「水神」,两位上首女弟子是「善美」和「善意女」,菩提树是阿周那树。他的身量高达五十八肘,寿命量为十万岁。
Tassa aparabhāge ekaṃ asaṅkhayeyyaṃ atikkamitvā ekasmiṃ kappe tayo buddhā nibbattiṃsu anomadassī, padumo, nāradoti. Anomadassissa bhagavato tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhame aṭṭha bhikkhusatasahassāni ahesuṃ, dutiye satta, tatiye cha. Tadā bodhisatto eko yakkhasenāpati ahosi mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo, anekakoṭisatasahassānaṃ yakkhānaṃ adhipati. So ‘‘buddho uppanno’’ti sutvā āgantvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ adāsi. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Anomadassissa pana bhagavato candavatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, yasavā nāma rājā pitā, yasodharā nāma mātā devī, nisabho ca anomo ca dve aggasāvakā, varuṇo nāmupaṭṭhāko, sundarī ca sumanā ca dve aggasāvikā, ajjunarukkho bodhi, aṭṭhapaññāsahatthubbedhaṃ sarīraṃ ahosi, vassasatasahassaṃ āyuppamāṇanti.
557庄严佛之后,出现了一位正自觉者,他是两足尊中最上的。
‘‘Sobhitassa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
558他是无量见佛,声誉无量,具足威光,无人能够超越。
Anomadassī amitayaso, tejassī duratikkamo’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 9.1);
572「Padumo」意为莲花,这位佛陀称为莲花佛。
Padumo buddho
559在无量见佛之后,一位名为莲花的导师出现。他也有三次声闻集会。第一次集会有一千亿比丘,第二次有三十万,第三次在远离村庄、深居大丛林的比丘有二十万。那时,菩萨投生为狮子,看见导师进入灭尽定,心里生起清净的信心,便向他礼敬,并右绕致敬,内心充满喜悦和满足,三次发出狮子吼。七天里,他始终以佛陀为所缘的喜悦没有间断,只靠这份喜乐维持,不去寻找食物,甚至舍弃生命,就这样站着亲近侍奉世尊。过了七天,导师从灭尽定中出定,看见狮子后心想:‘如果让他也对僧团生起净信,他就会礼敬僧团’,于是思惟:‘让比丘僧团过来吧。’比丘们立刻就出现了。狮子果然也对比丘僧团生起了净信。导师观察了他的心念之后,为他授记:‘未来你会成为佛陀。’至于这位莲花世尊,他的都城名为瞻波城,父亲是阿萨摩王,母亲是阿萨摩天妃,萨罗和优萨罗是他的两位上首弟子,侍者名为婆楼那,两位上首女弟子是罗玛和苏罗玛,菩提树是首那树。他的身量高五十八肘,寿命是十万年。
Tassa aparabhāge padumo nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte koṭisatasahassaṃ bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye tīṇi satasahassāni, tatiye agāmake araññe mahāvanasaṇḍavāsīnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ dve satasahassāni. Tadā bodhisatto sīho hutvā satthāraṃ nirodhasamāpattiṃ samāpannaṃ disvā pasannacitto vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pītisomanassajāto tikkhattuṃ sīhanādaṃ naditvā sattāhaṃ buddhārammaṇaṃ pītiṃ avijahitvā pītisukheneva gocarāya apakkamitvā jīvitapariccāgaṃ katvā bhagavantaṃ payirupāsamāno aṭṭhāsi. Satthā sattāhaccayena nirodhā vuṭṭhito sīhaṃ oloketvā ‘‘bhikkhusaṅghepi cittaṃ pasādetvā saṅghaṃ vandissatī’’ti ‘‘bhikkhusaṅgho āgacchatū’’ti cintesi. Bhikkhū tāvadeva āgamiṃsu. Sīhopi bhikkhusaṅghe cittaṃ pasādeti. Satthā tassa manaṃ oloketvā ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Padumassa pana bhagavato campakaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, asamo nāma rājā pitā, mātā asamā nāma devī, sālo ca upasālo ca dve aggasāvakā, varuṇo nāmupaṭṭhāko, rāmā ca surāmā ca dve aggasāvikā, soṇarukkho nāma bodhi, aṭṭhapaṇṇāsahatthubbedhaṃ sarīraṃ ahosi, āyu vassasatasahassanti.
560在无量见佛之后,一位正自觉者、两足最上者;
‘‘Anomadassissa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
561名为莲花,是无可比拟、没有对手的人物。
Padumo nāma nāmena, asamo appaṭipuggalo’’ti. (bu. va. 10.1);
576「Nārado」意为那罗陀,这位佛陀称为那罗陀佛。
Nārado buddho
562在他之后,有一位名叫那罗陀的导师出现。他也有三次声闻集会。第一次集会有一千亿比丘,第二次有九千亿,第三次有八千亿。那时,菩萨出家为仙人,于五神通和八等至中达到纯熟自在后,向以佛陀为首的比丘僧团行大布施,并以赤栴檀香作供养。那位导师也为他授记:‘未来你将成佛。’那位世尊的都城名为有谷城,父亲是刹帝利善天,母亲是名无譬的王后,两位上首弟子是贤祥与胜友,侍者名为婆施吒,两位上首女弟子是上胜与弗伽尼,菩提树是大首那树,身量高八十八肘,寿命九万岁。
Tassa aparabhāge nārado nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte koṭisatasahassaṃ bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye navutikoṭisahassāni, tatiye asītikoṭisahassāni. Tadā bodhisatto isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā pañcasu abhiññāsu aṭṭhasu ca samāpattīsu ciṇṇavasī hutvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ datvā lohitacandanena pūjaṃ akāsi. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa pana bhagavato dhaññavatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, sudevo nāma khattiyo pitā, anomā nāma mātā devī, bhaddasālo ca jitamitto ca dve aggasāvakā, vāseṭṭho nāmupaṭṭhāko, uttarā ca phaggunī ca dve aggasāvikā, mahāsoṇarukkho nāma bodhi, sarīraṃ aṭṭhāsītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, navuti vassasahassāni āyūti.
563在莲花佛之后,正自觉者、两足之至尊;
‘‘Padumassa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
564名为那罗陀,他是无与伦比的无敌者。”(Bu. Vaṃ. 11.1)
Nārado nāma nāmena, asamo appaṭipuggalo’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 11.1);
580莲花上佛
Padumuttaro buddho
565在那罗陀佛之后,也就是从现在往前推十万劫,在一劫中,只有一位名为莲花上佛的佛陀出现。他也有三次声闻集会。第一次集会有一千亿比丘,第二次在毗富罗山有九千亿,第三次有八千亿。那时,菩萨是一位名叫结发的大贵族,他向以佛陀为首的比丘僧团布施了连同袈裟在内的供养。那位导师也授记他:‘未来将成佛。’在莲花上世尊的时代,根本没有所谓的外道,一切天、人都只以佛陀为皈依。他的都城名为有鹅城,父亲是刹帝利庆喜,母亲是名善生的王后;两位上首弟子是天作与善生,侍者名为善意,两位上首女弟子是无量与无等;菩提树是娑罗树,身量高五十八肘,身光遍照周围十二由旬,寿命十万岁。
Nāradabuddhassa pana aparabhāge ito satasahassakappamatthake ekasmiṃ kappe ekova padumuttaro nāma buddho udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhame sannipāte koṭisatasahassaṃ bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye vebhārapabbate navutikoṭisahassāni, tatiye asītikoṭisahassāni. Tadā bodhisatto jaṭilo nāma mahāraṭṭhiyo hutvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghasa sacīvaraṃ dānaṃ adāsi. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Padumuttarassa pana bhagavato kāle titthiyā nāma nāhesuṃ. Sabbadevamanussā buddhameva saraṇaṃ agamaṃsu. Tassa nagaraṃ haṃsavatī nāma ahosi, pitā ānando nāma khattiyo, mātā sujātā nāma devī, devalo ca sujāto ca dve aggasāvakā, sumano nāmupaṭṭhāko, amitā ca asamā ca dve aggasāvikā, sālarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ aṭṭhapaṇṇāsahatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, sarīrappabhā samantato dvādasayojanāni gaṇhi, vassasatasahassaṃ āyūti.
566在那罗陀佛之后,有位正自觉者、两足至尊;
‘‘Nāradassa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
567名为莲花上佛的胜利者,不动如海。”(《佛种姓经》12.1)
Padumuttaro nāma jino, akkhobho sāgarūpamo’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 12.1);
584善慧佛
Sumedho buddho
568在他之后,经过三万劫,在同一劫中,善慧佛与善生佛这两位佛陀出世。善慧佛也有三次声闻集会。第一次集会在善见城,有一千亿漏尽者,第二次有九千亿,第三次有八千亿。那时,菩萨是一位名叫上胜的青年,他将一直积攒着的八十亿财富全部布施出来,向以佛陀为首的比丘僧团行大布施,听闻佛法后,皈依三宝并出家。那位导师也为他授记:‘未来你将成佛。’善慧世尊的都城名为善见,父亲是名善施的国王,母亲也是名善施的王后;两位上首弟子是皈依与一切欲,侍者名为海,两位上首女弟子是罗摩与苏罗摩;菩提树是大尼帕树,身量高八十八肘,寿命九万岁。
Tassa aparabhāge tiṃsa kappasahassāni atikkamitvā sumedho ca sujāto cāti ekasmiṃ kappe dve buddhā nibbattiṃsu. Sumedhassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte sudassananagare koṭisataṃ khīṇāsavā ahesuṃ, dutiye navutikoṭiyo, tatiye asītikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto uttaro nāma māṇavo hutvā nidahitvā ṭhapitaṃyeva asītikoṭidhanaṃ vissajjetvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa mahādānaṃ datvā dhammaṃ sutvā saraṇesu patiṭṭhāya nikkhamitvā pabbaji. Sopi naṃ ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Sumedhassa bhagavato sudassanaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, sudatto nāma rājā pitā, mātāpi sudattā nāma devī, saraṇo ca sabbakāmo ca dve aggasāvakā, sāgaro nāmupaṭṭhāko, rāmā ca surāmā ca dve aggasāvikā, mahānīparukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ aṭṭhāsītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, āyu navuti vassasahassanti.
569在莲花上佛之后,有一位名为善慧的导师;
‘‘Padumuttarassa aparena, sumedho nāma nāyako;
570他难以靠近,威光炽盛,是一切世间最上的牟尼。”(《佛种姓经》13.1)
Durāsado uggatejo, sabbalokuttamo munī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 13.1);
588善生佛。
Sujāto buddho
571在善慧佛之后,有一位名叫善生的导师出现。他也有三次声闻集会。第一次集会有六十万比丘,第二次五十万,第三次四十万。那时,菩萨是一位转轮王,听到‘佛陀出世’的消息,便前往亲近,听闻佛法后,将四大洲的统治权连同七宝一起,供养给以佛陀为首的比丘僧团,并在导师座下出家。整个国家的居民都拿出国家收入,承担净人的工作,恒常向以佛陀为首的比丘僧团行大布施。那位导师也为他授记:‘未来你将成佛。’那位世尊的都城名为善吉祥,父亲是名高出的国王,母亲是名光耀的王后,两位上首弟子是善见与善天,侍者名为那罗陀,两位上首女弟子是龙与龙鬘,菩提树是大竹树。据说那棵树有稀疏的孔洞,树干结实,向上伸出的大枝闪耀着,就像一束孔雀尾羽一样。那位世尊的身量高五十肘,寿命九万岁。
Tassa aparabhāge sujāto nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte saṭṭhi bhikkhusatasahassāni ahesuṃ, dutiye paññāsaṃ, tatiye cattālīsaṃ. Tadā bodhisatto cakkavattirājā hutvā ‘‘buddho uppanno’’ti sutvā upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa saddhiṃ sattahi ratanehi catumahādīparajjaṃ datvā satthu santike pabbaji. Sakalaraṭṭhavāsino raṭṭhuppādaṃ gahetvā ārāmikakiccaṃ sādhentā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa niccaṃ mahādānaṃ adaṃsu. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato nagaraṃ sumaṅgalaṃ nāma ahosi, uggato nāma rājā pitā, pabhāvatī nāma mātā, sudassano ca sudevo ca dve aggasāvakā, nārado nāmupaṭṭhāko, nāgā ca nāgasamālā ca dve aggasāvikā, mahāveḷurukkho bodhi. So kira mandacchiddo ghanakkhandho upari niggatāhi mahāsākhāhi morapiñchakalāpo viya virocittha. Tassa bhagavato sarīraṃ paṇṇāsahatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, āyu navuti vassasahassanti.
572就在这个吉祥的劫中,有位名叫善生的导师;
‘‘Tattheva maṇḍakappamhi, sujāto nāma nāyako;
573他具有狮子的颌、牛的肩,不可测量,难以靠近。”(《佛种姓经》14.1)
Sīhahanūsabhakkhandho, appameyyo durāsado’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 14.1);
592喜见佛。
Piyadassī buddho
574此后,从此十八个百劫之顶,在一个劫里,有喜见佛、见义佛、见法佛三位佛陀出现。喜见世尊也有三次声闻集会。第一会有百千俱胝比丘,第二会有九十俱胝,第三会有八十俱胝。那时,菩萨是一位名叫迦叶的婆罗门青年,通达三部吠陀,听了世尊说法之后,以百千俱胝财富的布施建造了一座僧园,并安住于皈依与戒中。于是,世尊为他授记说:‘过十八个百劫之后,你将成为佛陀。’这位世尊的都城名为阿诺摩,父亲是善施王,母亲是月光,两位上首弟子是巴利陀和一切见,侍者名为索毗陀,两位上首女弟子是善生和法施,菩提树是迦拘陀树,佛身量高八十肘,寿命九万岁。
Tassa aparabhāge ito aṭṭhārasakappasatamatthake ekasmiṃ kappe piyadassī, atthadassī, dhammadassīti tayo buddhā nibbattiṃsu. Piyadassissapi bhagavato tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhame koṭisatasahassaṃ bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye navutikoṭiyo, tatiye asītikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto kassapo nāma māṇavo tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāraṅgato hutvā satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā koṭisatasahassadhanapariccāgena saṅghārāmaṃ kāretvā saraṇesu ca sīlesu ca patiṭṭhāsi. Atha naṃ satthā ‘‘aṭṭhārasakappasataccayena buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato anomaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, pitā sudinno nāma rājā, mātā candā nāma, pālito ca sabbadassī ca dve aggasāvakā, sobhito nāmupaṭṭhāko, sujātā ca dhammadinnā ca dve aggasāvikā, kakudharukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ asītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, navuti vassasahassaṃ āyūti.
575‘善生佛之后,是那位自生者、世间导师;
‘‘Sujātassa aparena, sayambhū lokanāyako;
576他难以接近,无与伦比,名为喜见佛,声名远播。’(《佛种姓经》15.1)
Durāsado asamasamo, piyadassī mahāyaso’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 15.1);
596「见义佛」
Atthadassī buddho
577此后,名为见义佛的世尊出现于世。他也有三次声闻集会。第一次有九十八万比丘,第二次有八十八万,第三次也是如此。那时,菩萨是一位名叫须深的、有大神通的苦行者,他从天界取来曼陀罗花伞供养世尊,这位世尊也为他授记:‘未来你将成为佛陀。’这位世尊的都城名为庄严城,父亲是海王,母亲是善见,他的两位上首弟子是寂静和近寂,侍者名叫无畏,两位上首女弟子是法和善法,菩提树是瞻波树,佛身高达八十肘,身体的光芒恒常遍照周围一由旬,寿命为十万岁。
Tassa aparabhāge atthadassī nāma bhagavā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhame aṭṭhanavuti bhikkhusatasahassāni ahesuṃ, dutiye aṭṭhāsītisatasahassāni, tathā tatiye. Tadā bodhisatto susīmo nāma mahiddhiko tāpaso hutvā devalokato mandāravapupphacchattaṃ āharitvā satthāraṃ pūjesi, sopi naṃ ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato sobhanaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, sāgaro nāma rājā pitā, sudassanā nāma mātā, santo ca upasanto ca dve aggasāvakā, abhayo nāmupaṭṭhāko, dhammā ca sudhammā ca dve aggasāvikā, campakarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ asītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, sarīrappabhā samantato sabbakālaṃ yojanamattaṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi, āyu vassasatasahassanti.
578‘就在那个曼陀劫,见义佛是人中雄;
‘‘Tattheva maṇḍakappamhi, atthadassī narāsabho;
579他破除大黑暗,证得了无上正觉。’(《佛种姓经》16.1)
Mahātamaṃ nihantvāna, patto sambodhimuttama’’nti. (bu. vaṃ. 16.1);
600「见法佛」
Dhammadassī buddho
580此后,名为见法佛的导师出现于世。他也有三次声闻集会。第一次集会有一百俱胝比丘,第二次有九十俱胝,第三次有八十俱胝。那时,菩萨是帝释天王,用天界的香花和天乐作供养,这位导师也为他授记:‘未来你将成为佛陀。’这位世尊的都城名为归依城,父亲是归依王,母亲是善喜妃,他的两位上首弟子是莲花和弗沙天,侍者名叫善眼,两位上首女弟子是安稳和一切名,菩提树是红嫩芽树(也称为频毗伽罗树),佛身高达八十肘,寿命十万岁。
Tassa aparabhāge dhammadassī nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhame koṭisataṃ bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye navutikoṭiyo, tatiye asītikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto sakko devarājā hutvā dibbagandhapupphehi ca dibbatūriyehi ca pūjaṃ akāsi, sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘anāgate buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato saraṇaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, pitā saraṇo nāma rājā, mātā sunandā nāma devī, padumo ca phussadevo ca dve aggasāvakā, sunetto nāmupaṭṭhāko, khemā ca sabbanāmā ca dve aggasāvikā, rattaṅkurarukkho bodhi, ‘‘bimbijālo’’tipi vuccati, sarīraṃ panassa asītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, vassasatasahassaṃ āyūti.
581在同一个曼陀劫中,见法佛有大名声;
‘‘Tattheva maṇḍakappamhi, dhammadassī mahāyaso;
582驱散黑暗之后,在天神中闪耀。’(《佛种姓经》17.1)
Tamandhakāraṃ vidhamitvā, atirocati sadevake’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 17.1);
604悉达多佛。
Siddhattho buddho
583此后,从此九十四劫之顶,在一个劫中,只有一位名为悉达多的正自觉者出现于世。他也有三次声闻集会。第一次集会,比丘有百俱胝位;第二次,有九十俱胝位;第三次,有八十俱胝位。那时,菩萨具有大威力和神通成就,名为吉祥,作为苦行者,取来大阎浮果,献给如来。导师受用该果后,授记说:‘九十四劫之后,你将成为佛。’那位世尊的城市名为卫婆罗,父亲是胜军王,母亲是善触后,两位上首弟子是颰摩和善意,侍者是离瓦多,两位上首女弟子是尸婆罗和须罗摩,菩提树是迦尼迦罗树,身量高六十肘,寿命是十万年。
Tassa aparabhāge ito catunavutikappamatthake ekasmiṃ kappe ekova siddhattho nāma sammāsambuddho udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte koṭisataṃ bhikkhū ahesuṃ, dutiye navutikoṭiyo, tatiye asītikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto uggatejo abhiññābalasampanno maṅgalo nāma tāpaso hutvā mahājambuphalaṃ āharitvā tathāgatassa adāsi. Satthā taṃ phalaṃ paribhuñjitvā ‘‘catunavutikappamatthake buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato nagaraṃ vebhāraṃ nāma ahosi, pitā jayaseno nāma rājā, mātā suphassā nāma devī, sambalo ca sumitto ca dve aggasāvakā, revato nāmupaṭṭhāko, sīvalā ca surāmā ca dve aggasāvikā , kaṇikārarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ saṭṭhihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, vassasatasahassaṃ āyūti.
584法见佛之后,悉达多,世间引导者;
‘‘Dhammadassissa aparena, siddhattho lokanāyako;
585消除了一切黑暗,犹如太阳升起一样。
Nihanitvā tamaṃ sabbaṃ, sūriyo abbhuggato yathā’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 18.1);
608底沙佛。
Tisso buddho
586此后,从此九十二劫之顶,在一个劫中,有两位佛陀出现:底沙和弗沙。底沙世尊有三次声闻集会。第一次集会,比丘有百俱胝位;第二次,有九十俱胝位;第三次,有八十俱胝位。那时,菩萨是大财富、大名声,名为善生,是刹帝利种姓,出家为仙人修行,获得大神力后,听闻‘佛陀出现’,便持来天界的曼陀罗花、莲花和巴利恰答咖花,在四众中向正在行走的如来供养,并在空中搭起了花帐。那位导师也授记他说:‘从此九十二劫之后,你将成为佛。’底沙世尊的城市名为安稳,父亲是刹帝利人民桑达,母亲是莲花后,两位上首弟子是梵天和优陀,侍者是善意,两位上首女弟子是弗沙和善施,菩提树是阿沙那树,身量高六十肘,寿命是十万年。
Tassa aparabhāge ito dvānavutikappamatthake tisso phussoti ekasmiṃ kappe dve buddhā nibbattiṃsu. Tissassa bhagavato tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte bhikkhūnaṃ koṭisataṃ ahosi, dutiye navutikoṭiyo, tatiye asītikoṭiyo. Tadā bodhisatto mahābhogo mahāyaso sujāto nāma khattiyo hutvā isipabbajjaṃ pabbajitvā mahiddhikabhāvaṃ patvā ‘‘buddho uppanno’’ti sutvā dibbamandāravapadumapāricchattakapupphāni ādāya catuparisamajjhe gacchantaṃ tathāgataṃ pūjesi, ākāse pupphavitānaṃ akāsi. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘ito dvenavutikappamatthake buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato khemaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, pitā janasandho nāma khattiyo, mātā padumā nāma devī, brahmadevo ca udayo ca dve aggasāvakā, sumano nāmupaṭṭhāko, phussā ca sudattā ca dve aggasāvikā, asanarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ saṭṭhihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, vassasatasahassaṃ āyūti.
587悉达多佛之后,有一位无与伦比、无人能敌的佛陀。
‘‘Siddhatthassa aparena, asamo appaṭipuggalo;
588具有无边光辉和无上名声的底沙佛,是世间最上导师。’(《佛种姓经》19.1)
Anantatejo amitayaso, tisso lokagganāyako’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 19.1);
612弗沙佛
Phusso buddho
589在他之后,出现了一位名为弗沙的导师。他也有三次声闻弟子的集会。第一次集会有六百万比丘,第二次五百万,第三次三百二十万。当时,菩萨是一位名为胜伏的刹帝利,他舍弃了大王位,在导师座下出家,精通三藏后,为大众说法,并圆满成就了戒波罗蜜。那位导师也授记他:‘你将成为佛陀。’那位世尊的王城名为迦尸,父亲是胜军王,母亲是吉祥,善护和法军是他的两位上首弟子,侍者是萨毗耶,遮拉和优波遮拉是两位上首女弟子,菩提树是阿摩勒树,身高五十八肘,寿命达九万年。
Tassa aparabhāge phusso nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte saṭṭhi bhikkhusatasahassāni ahesuṃ, dutiye paṇṇāsa, tatiye dvattiṃsa. Tadā bodhisatto vijitāvī nāma khattiyo hutvā mahārajjaṃ pahāya satthu santike pabbajitvā tīṇi piṭakāni uggahetvā mahājanassa dhammakathaṃ kathesi, sīlapāramiñca pūresi. Sopi naṃ ‘‘buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato kāsi nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, jayaseno nāma rājā pitā, sirimā nāma mātā, surakkhito ca dhammaseno ca dve aggasāvakā, sabhiyo nāmupaṭṭhāko, cālā ca upacālā ca dve aggasāvikā, āmalakarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ aṭṭhapaṇṇāsahatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, navuti vassasahassāni āyūti.
590就在那个贤劫中,曾出现一位无上的导师;
‘‘Tattheva maṇḍakappamhi, ahu satthā anuttaro;
591那位无等无比、无与匹敌的世间最上导师弗沙佛。
Anūpamo asamasamo, phusso lokagganāyako’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 20.1);
616毗婆尸佛
Vipassī buddho
592此后,从这个时间起,经过九十一劫,有一位名为毗婆尸的世尊出现。他也有三次声闻集会。第一次集会有六百八十万比丘,第二次十万,第三次八万。当时,菩萨是一位具有大神力、大神通的龙王,名为无等,他供养了一座镶嵌七宝的金制大宝座给世尊。那位世尊也授记他:‘由此经过九十一劫,你将成佛。’那位世尊的王城名为槃头摩帝,父亲是槃头摩王,母亲是槃头摩帝,犍陀和帝沙是他的两位上首弟子,侍者是无忧,旃陀和旃陀蜜多是两位上首女弟子,菩提树是波吒厘树,身高八十肘,身光恒常遍照七由旬,寿命达八万岁。
Tassa aparabhāge ito ekanavutikappe vipassī nāma bhagavā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte aṭṭhasaṭṭhi bhikkhusatasahassaṃ ahosi, dutiye ekasatasahassaṃ, tatiye asītisahassāni. Tadā bodhisatto mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo atulo nāma nāgarājā hutvā sattaratanakhacitaṃ sovaṇṇamayaṃ mahāpīṭhaṃ bhagavato adāsi. Sopi naṃ ‘‘ito ekanavutikappe buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato bandhumatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, bandhumā nāma rājā pitā, bandhumatī nāma mātā, khaṇḍo ca tisso ca dve aggasāvakā, asoko nāmupaṭṭhāko, candā ca candamittā ca dve aggasāvikā, pāṭalirukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ asītihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, sarīrappabhā sadā satta yojanāni pharitvā aṭṭhāsi, asīti vassasahassāni āyūti.
593弗沙佛之后,那一位正自觉者、两足者中的至尊;
‘‘Phussassa ca aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
594他以毗婆尸为名,作为具眼者出现在世间。
Vipassī nāma nāmena, loke uppajji cakkhumā’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 21.1);
620「尸弃佛」
Sikhī buddho
595在此之后,从这个时间往前推三十一劫,有尸弃与毗舍婆佛这两位佛陀出现。尸弃世尊也有三次声闻弟子的大集会。第一次集会有十万比丘,第二次有八万,第三次有七万。那时,菩萨是一位名叫伏敌的国王,他以佛陀为首的比丘僧团为对象,举办了衣布大施,并布施了用七宝装饰的象宝,依着大象的身量置办了适合的法物进行供养。那位导师也为他授记说:‘从此经三十一劫后,你将成为佛陀。’而那位世尊的王城名叫阿卢那跋提,父亲是名叫阿卢那的刹帝利,母亲名叫光耀,他的两位上首弟子是阿毗浮与发生,侍者名叫安稳者,两位上首女弟子是友善与莲花,他的菩提树是白莲树,他的身量有七十肘高,身体的光芒遍照三由旬的范围,寿命是七万岁。
Tassa aparabhāge ito ekattiṃsakappe sikhī ca vessabhūcāti dve buddhā ahesuṃ. Sikhissāpi bhagavato tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte bhikkhusatasahassaṃ ahosi, dutiye asītisahassāni, tatiye sattatisahassāni. Tadā bodhisatto arindamo nāma rājā hutvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa sacīvaraṃ mahādānaṃ pavattetvā sattaratanapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ hatthiratanaṃ datvā hatthippamāṇaṃ katvā kappiyabhaṇḍaṃ adāsi. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘ito ekattiṃsakappe buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa pana bhagavato aruṇavatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, aruṇo nāma khattiyo pitā, pabhāvatī nāma mātā, abhibhū ca sambhavo ca dve aggasāvakā, khemaṅkaro nāmupaṭṭhāko, sakhilā ca padumā ca dve aggasāvikā, puṇḍarīkarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ sattatihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, sarīrappabhā yojanattayaṃ pharitvā aṭṭhāsi, sattati vassasahassāni āyūti.
596毗婆尸佛之后,那一位正自觉者、两足者中的至尊;
‘‘Vipassissa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
597他是名为尸弃的胜利者,无与伦比的无敌者。
Sikhivhayo āsi jino, asamo appaṭipuggalo’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 22.1);
624毗舍婆佛
Vessabhū buddho
598在他的后来时,有一位名为毗舍婆佛的导师出现在世间。他也有三次声闻弟子的大集会。第一次集会时有八万比丘,第二次有七万,第三次有六万。那时,菩萨是一位名叫善见的国王,他向以佛陀为首的比丘僧团供养了包括衣布在内的大布施,之后就在他座下出家,具足威仪品行,对佛宝充满了恭敬与随喜。那位世尊也为他授记说:‘从此三十一劫后,你将成为佛陀。’而那位世尊的都城名叫无上,父亲是名为善喜悦的国王,母亲名叫具名称,他的两位上首弟子是索那与上胜,侍者名为已安静,两位上首女弟子是罗摩与善罗摩,他的菩提树是沙罗树,他的身量高达六十肘,寿命有六万岁。
Tassa aparabhāge vessabhū nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi tayo sāvakasannipātā. Paṭhamasannipāte asīti bhikkhusahassāni ahesuṃ, dutiye sattati, tatiye saṭṭhi. Tadā bodhisatto sudassano nāma rājā hutvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa sacīvaraṃ mahādānaṃ datvā tassa santike pabbajitvā ācāraguṇasampanno buddharatane cittīkārapītibahulo ahosi. Sopi naṃ bhagavā ‘‘ito ekattiṃsakappe buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa pana bhagavato anomaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, suppatīto nāma rājā pitā, yasavatī nāma mātā, soṇo ca uttaro ca dve aggasāvakā, upasanto nāmupaṭṭhāyo, rāmā ca surāmā ca dve aggasāvikā, sālarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ saṭṭhihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, saṭṭhi vassasahassāni āyūti.
599在那贤劫中,有一位无与伦比、无可匹敌者;
‘‘Tattheva maṇḍakappamhi, asamo appaṭipuggalo;
600名叫毗舍婆佛的胜利者,他出现在世间。
Vessabhū nāma nāmena, loke uppajji so jino’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 23.1);
628拘留孙佛
Kakusandho buddho
601在此之后,在这个劫中,有四位佛陀出现:拘留孙佛、拘那含佛、迦叶佛以及我们的世尊。拘留孙世尊只有一次声闻集会,当时有四万位比丘参加。那时菩萨是一位名叫安稳的国王,他向以佛陀为首的比丘僧团布施了包括钵与衣在内的大布施,以及眼药等药品,听闻导师说法后便出家。导师也为他授记说:‘你将来必定成佛。’拘留孙世尊的王城名叫安稳城,父亲是名叫火施的婆罗门,母亲是名叫毗舍佉的婆罗门女。两位上首弟子是维都罗和珊耆婆;侍者名叫佛生;两位上首女弟子是萨摩和占波。他的菩提树是大阔荚合欢树,身量为四十肘高,寿命为四万岁。
Tassa aparabhāge imasmiṃ kappe cattāro buddhā nibbattā kakusandho, koṇāgamano, kassapo, amhākaṃ bhagavāti. Kakusandhassa bhagavato ekova sāvakasannipāto, tattha cattālīsa bhikkhusahassāni ahesuṃ. Tadā bodhisatto khemo nāma rājā hutvā buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa sapattacīvaraṃ mahādānañceva añjanādibhesajjāni ca datvā satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā pabbaji. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Kakusandhassa pana bhagavato khemaṃ nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, aggidatto nāma brāhmaṇo pitā, visākhā nāma brāhmaṇī mātā, vidhuro ca sañjīvo ca dve aggasāvakā, buddhijo nāmupaṭṭhāko, sāmā ca campā ca dve aggasāvikā, mahāsirīsarukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ cattālīsahatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, cattālīsa vassasahassāni āyūti.
602在毗舍婆佛之后,有正自觉者、两足至尊;
‘‘Vessabhussa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
603名叫拘留孙佛,是一位不可测量、难以靠近的佛陀。
Kakusandho nāma nāmena, appameyyo durāsado’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 24.1);
632拘那含佛
Koṇāgamano buddho
604此后,又有一位名为拘那含的导师出世。他也只有一次弟子集会,当时有三万位比丘。那时菩萨是一位名叫山的国王,他在大臣们的簇拥下前往导师那里,听闻说法后,邀请以佛陀为首的比丘僧团,举行大布施,供养了绢布、中国布、丝、毛毯、细布和金板等物品,随后在导师座下出家。导师也为他授记:‘你将成佛。’那位世尊的王城名叫娑婆瓦提,父亲是名为耶输达多的婆罗门,母亲是名为乌答拉的婆罗门女,两位上首弟子是比优沙和乌答拉,侍者名叫索提佳,两位上首女弟子是萨姆达和乌答拉,菩提树是乌敦跋罗树,身量为三十肘高,寿命为三万岁。
Tassa aparabhāge koṇāgamano nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi ekova sāvakasannipāto, tattha tiṃsa bhikkhusahassāni ahesuṃ. Tadā bodhisatto pabbato nāma rājā hutvā amaccagaṇaparivuto satthu santikaṃ gantvā dhammadesanaṃ sutvā buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ nimantetvā mahādānaṃ pavattetvā pattuṇṇacīnapaṭakoseyyakambaladukūlāni ceva suvaṇṇapaṭikañca datvā satthu santike pabbaji. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato sobhavatī nāma nagaraṃ ahosi, yaññadatto nāma brāhmaṇo pitā, uttarā nāma brāhmaṇī mātā, bhiyyaso ca uttaro ca dve aggasāvakā, sotthijo nāmupaṭṭhāko, samuddā ca uttarā ca dve aggasāvikā, udumbararukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ tiṃsahatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, tiṃsa vassasahassāni āyūti.
605“拘留孙佛之后,有正自觉者,两足中的至尊;
‘‘Kakusandhassa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
606称为拘那含的胜者,世间最尊、人中的牛王。”
Koṇāgamano nāma jino, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 25.1);
636迦叶佛
Kassapo buddho
607在那之后,出现了一位名为迦叶的导师。他也有过一次声闻集会,那时有两万比丘。当时,菩萨是一位名叫乔帝巴喇的青年,通达三部吠陀,在大地和空中都很有名,并与陶匠嘎帝咖拉为友。他与陶匠一同去导师那里,听说法语,出家后精勤努力,精通三藏,以行仪圆满使佛陀教法光辉照耀。导师也为他授记说:“他将会成佛。”那位世尊的诞生城名为波罗奈,父亲是名叫梵授的婆罗门,母亲是名叫达那瓦提的婆罗门女,两位上首弟子是帝沙和婆罗堕阇,侍者名叫萨巴弥陀,两位上首女弟子是阿奴拉和乌鲁韦拉,菩提树是孟加拉榕,身量二十肘高,寿命两万岁。
Tassa aparabhāge kassapo nāma satthā udapādi. Tassāpi ekova sāvakasannipāto, tattha vīsati bhikkhusahassāni ahesuṃ. Tadā bodhisatto jotipālo nāma māṇavo hutvā tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū bhūmiyañceva antalikkhe ca pākaṭo ghaṭikārassa kumbhakārassa mitto ahosi. So tena saddhiṃ satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammakathaṃ sutvā pabbajitvā āraddhavīriyo tīṇi piṭakāni uggahetvā vattāvattasampattiyā buddhasāsanaṃ sobhesi. Sopi naṃ satthā ‘‘buddho bhavissatī’’ti byākāsi. Tassa bhagavato jātanagaraṃ bārāṇasī nāma ahosi, brahmadatto nāma brāhmaṇo pitā, dhanavatī nāma brāhmaṇī mātā, tisso ca bhāradvājo ca dve aggasāvakā, sabbamitto nāmupaṭṭhāko, anuḷā ca uruveḷā ca dve aggasāvikā, nigrodharukkho bodhi, sarīraṃ vīsatihatthubbedhaṃ ahosi, vīsati vassasahassāni āyūti.
608“拘那含佛之后,有正自觉者,两足中的至尊;
‘‘Koṇāgamanassa aparena, sambuddho dvipaduttamo;
609姓迦叶,是法王、放光明者。”
Kassapo nāma gottena, dhammarājā pabhaṅkaro’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 26.1);
610然而,在燃灯十力者出现的那个劫中,还有其他三位佛陀。菩萨在他们那里并没有得到授记,所以这里没有列出。不过,在注疏中,为了显示从爱见佛开始的所有佛陀,说了下面的话:
Yasmiṃ pana kappe dīpaṅkaradasabalo udapādi, tasmiṃ aññepi tayo buddhā ahesuṃ. Tesaṃ santike bodhisattassa byākaraṇaṃ natthi, tasmā te idha na dassitā. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana taṇhaṅkarato paṭṭhāya sabbepi buddhe dassetuṃ idaṃ vuttaṃ –
611“爱见佛、慧见佛,还有归依见佛;
‘‘Taṇhaṅkaro medhaṅkaro, athopi saraṇaṅkaro;
612燃灯佛是正自觉者,憍陈如佛是两足者中最尊贵的。
Dīpaṅkaro ca sambuddho, koṇḍañño dvipaduttamo.
613吉祥佛、善意佛,离婆多佛、庄严牟尼;
‘‘Maṅgalo ca sumano ca, revato sobhito muni;
614无量见佛、莲花佛,那罗陀佛、莲华上佛。
Anomadassī padumo, nārado padumuttaro.
615善慧佛、善生佛,喜见佛、大名闻佛;
‘‘Sumedho ca sujāto ca, piyadassī mahāyaso;
616义见佛、见法佛,悉达多佛、世间导者。
Atthadassī dhammadassī, siddhattho lokanāyako.
617提舍佛和弗沙佛是正自觉者,还有毗婆尸佛、尸弃佛、毗舍婆佛;
‘‘Tisso phusso ca sambuddho, vipassī sikhī vessabhū;
618拘留孙佛、拘那含佛,迦叶佛也是导师。
Kakusandho koṇāgamano, kassapo cāpi nāyako.
619他们曾是正自觉者,已经离贪,心得定;
‘‘Ete ahesuṃ sambuddhā, vītarāgā samāhitā;
620犹如升起百千道光芒,驱散了巨大的黑暗;
Sataraṃsīva uppannā, mahātamavinodanā;
621如同火焰之聚猛烈燃烧后,他们与弟子们一同寂灭。
Jalitvā aggikhandhāva, nibbutā te sasāvakā’’ti.
652乔达摩佛陀
Gotamo buddho
622在这里,我们的菩萨在燃灯佛等二十四位佛陀跟前积累功德,历经了百千劫又四阿僧祇。然而,在迦叶世尊之后,除了这位正自觉者,并没有其他的佛陀。就是这样,在燃灯佛等二十四位佛陀面前得到授记的菩萨,正是通过——
Tattha amhākaṃ bodhisatto dīpaṅkarādīnaṃ catuvīsatiyā buddhānaṃ santike adhikāraṃ karonto kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni āgato. Kassapassa pana bhagavato orabhāge ṭhapetvā imaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ añño buddho nāma natthi. Iti dīpaṅkarādīnaṃ catuvīsatiyā buddhānaṃ santike laddhabyākaraṇo pana bodhisatto yenena –
623「人身」、「相成就」、「因」、「见导师」;
‘‘Manussattaṃ liṅgasampatti, hetu satthāradassanaṃ;
624「出家」、「功德成就」、「服务」,以及「欲求」;
Pabbajjā guṇasampatti, adhikāro ca chandatā;
625当这八法完全汇集在一起时,所发的愿就能实现。
Aṭṭhadhammasamodhānā, abhinīhāro samijjhatī’’ti. (bu. vaṃ. 2.59) –
626如此集合这八法之后,他凭借在燃灯佛足下所发起的誓愿,以‘来吧,我要四处探寻成佛的种种法’这样的心力发起精进,当他遍寻时,看到了‘布施波罗蜜’为首的种种成佛之法,并一一将其圆满,直到转生为韦桑答拉的有身。在他一路行来的过程中,那些已经发过愿的菩萨的功德利益,被这样赞叹——
Ime aṭṭha dhamme samodhānetvā dīpaṅkarapādamūle katābhinīhārena ‘‘handa buddhakare dhamme, vicināmi ito cito’’ti ussāhaṃ katvā ‘‘vicinanto tadā dakkhiṃ, paṭhamaṃ dānapārami’’nti dānapāramitādayo buddhakārakadhammā diṭṭhā, pūrentoyeva yāva vessantarattabhāvo āgami. Āgacchanto ca ye te katābhinīhārānaṃ bodhisattānaṃ ānisaṃsā saṃvaṇṇitā –
627如此,那些具足一切支分、已决定向菩提的人,
‘‘Evaṃ sabbaṅgasampannā, bodhiyā niyatā narā;
628即使在长时的轮回中流转,经历千亿劫,
Saṃsaraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ, kappakoṭisatehipi.
629也不会投生在阿鼻地狱,不会投生在世界中间;
‘‘Avīcimhi nuppajjanti, tathā lokantaresu ca;
630不会被极热的渴爱和饥渴折磨,也不会成为黑齿鬼。
Nijjhāmataṇhā khuppipāsā, na honti kālakañjikā.
631即使投生到恶趣,也不会成为微小的众生。
‘‘Na honti khuddakā pāṇā, uppajjantāpi duggatiṃ;
632生为人时,不会成为先天性的盲人。
Jāyamānā manussesu, jaccandhā na bhavanti te.
633不会有耳聋,也不会成为哑巴、跛子。
‘‘Sotavekallatā natthi, na bhavanti mūgapakkhikā;
634不会投生为女性,也不会成为两性人或黄门。
Itthibhāvaṃ na gacchanti, ubhatobyañjanapaṇḍakā.
635他们不再被三界所包含,是决定性地趋向觉悟的人,这里的决定指必定会证悟。
‘‘Na bhavanti pariyāpannā, bodhiyā niyatā narā;
636他们已经从无间业中解脱,在一切处所的行境都清净。
Muttā ānantarikehi, sabbattha suddhagocarā.
637他们不奉行邪见,因为他们看见了业的作用。
‘‘Micchādiṭṭhiṃ na sevanti, kammakiriyadassanā;
638即使居住在天界,他们也绝不会投生到无想有情天。
Vasamānāpi saggesu, asaññaṃ nupapajjare.
639在净居天中,并不存在导致再投生的因。
‘‘Suddhāvāsesu devesu, hetu nāma na vijjati;
640善士们的心倾向于出离,他们已经脱离了各种生存状态。
Nekkhammaninnā sappurisā, visaṃyuttā bhavābhave;
641他们实行利益世间的修行,圆满一切「波罗蜜」。
Caranti lokatthacariyāyo, pūrenti sabbapāramī’’ti.
642他正是证得了那些利益之后才到来的。而在圆满波罗蜜的过程中,当他作为阿吉提婆罗门、螺婆罗门、财胜王、大善见王、摩诃高毗昙、尼弥大王、月童子、维萨伊哈长者、尸毗王、毗输安多罗王这些时候,以布施波罗蜜所圆满的自身数量,根本无法计算。不过,在他的《兔子本生》中,必定——
Te ānisaṃse adhigantvāva āgato. Pāramiyo pūrentassa cassa akittibrāhmaṇakāle, saṅkhabrāhmaṇakāle, dhanañcayarājakāle, mahāsudassanarājakāle, mahāgovindakāle, nimimahārājakāle, candakumārakāle, visayhaseṭṭhikāle, sivirājakāle, vessantararājakāleti dānapāramitāya pūritattabhāvānaṃ parimāṇaṃ nāma natthi. Ekantena panassa sasapaṇḍitajātake –
643见到为乞食而来者,便舍弃了自身;
‘‘Bhikkhāya upagataṃ disvā, sakattānaṃ pariccajiṃ;
644在布施上,无人与我等同,这便是我的布施波罗蜜。
Dānena me samo natthi, esā me dānapāramī’’ti. (cariyā. 1.tassuddāna) –
645如此,当行持这种自我舍弃的布施时,他的布施波罗蜜便成为名为“究竟波罗蜜”者。同样地,在具戒象龙王的那一生、瞻波耶龙王的那一生、富利达多龙王的那一生、六牙龙王的那一生、胜利王王子的那一生、阿利那萨度童子的那一生——以持戒波罗蜜所圆满的有身,其数量无法计算。然而,在《螺护龙王本生》中,他明确地——
Evaṃ attapariccāgaṃ karontassa dānapāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Tathā sīlavanāgarājakāle, campeyyanāgarājakāle, bhūridattanāgarājakāle, chaddantanāgarājakāle, jayaddisarājaputtakāle, alīnasattukumārakāleti sīlapāramitāya pūritattabhāvānaṃ parimāṇaṃ nāma natthi. Ekantena panassa saṅkhapālajātake –
646纵被枪矛穿刺,纵被矛锤击打,
‘‘Sūlehi vijjhayantopi, koṭṭiyantopi sattibhi;
647对于奉食之子,我不生嗔怒,这便是我的持戒波罗蜜。
Bhojaputte na kuppāmi, esā me sīlapāramī’’ti. (cariyā. 2.91) –
648如此,当行持这种自我舍弃的持戒时,他的持戒波罗蜜便成为名为“究竟波罗蜜”者。同样地,在喜悦童子的那一生、护象童子的那一生、铁屋智者的那一生——他们舍弃了偌大的王位,以出离波罗蜜所圆满的有身,其数量也无法计算。然而,在《小须陀素摩本生》中,他明确地——
Evaṃ attapariccāgaṃ karontassa sīlapāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Tathā somanassakumārakāle, hatthipālakumārakāle, ayogharapaṇḍitakāleti mahārajjaṃ pahāya nekkhammapāramitāya pūritattabhāvānaṃ parimāṇaṃ nāma natthi. Ekantena panassa cūḷasutasomajātake –
649大王位已到手中,如唾团般将其抛弃;
‘‘Mahārajjaṃ hatthagataṃ, kheḷapiṇḍaṃva chaḍḍayiṃ;
650舍弃时心无粘着,这便是我的出离波罗蜜。
Cajato na hoti lagganaṃ, esā me nekkhammapāramī’’ti. –
651如此,以不执着的心舍弃王位而出离的人,他的出离波罗蜜便成为名为“究竟波罗蜜”者。同样地,在毗度罗智者的那一生、大典尊智者的那一生、锄头智者的那一生、阿罗迦智者的那一生、菩提游方者的那一生、大药智者的那一生——以慧波罗蜜所圆满的有身,其数量无法计算。然而,在《萨度巴斯塔本生》中,当他身为塞那迦智者的时候——
Evaṃ nissaṅgatāya rajjaṃ chaḍḍetvā nikkhamantassa nekkhammapāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Tathā vidhurapaṇḍitakāle, mahāgovindapaṇḍitakāle, kuddālapaṇḍitakāle, arakapaṇḍitakāle, bodhiparibbājakakāle, mahosadhapaṇḍitakāleti paññāpāramitāya pūritattabhāvānaṃ parimāṇaṃ nāma natthi. Ekantena panassa sattubhastajātake senakapaṇḍitakāle –
652我以智慧仔细辨别,把那位婆罗门从苦中解救出来;
‘‘Paññāya vicinantohaṃ, brāhmaṇaṃ mocayiṃ dukhā;
653在智慧上,无人与我等同,这便是我的慧波罗蜜。
Paññāya me samo natthi, esā me paññāpāramī’’ti. –
654当他展示袋中的蛇时,他的慧波罗蜜便成为名为“究竟波罗蜜”者。同样地,精进波罗蜜等所圆满的有身,其数量也无法计算。然而,在《摩诃伽那迦本生》中——
Antobhastagataṃ sappaṃ dassentassa paññāpāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Tathā vīriyapāramitādīnampi pūritattabhāvānaṃ parimāṇaṃ nāma natthi. Ekantena panassa mahājanakajātake –
655看不到岸边,在大海中央,所有人全都丧命了;
‘‘Atīradassī jalamajjhe, hatā sabbeva mānusā;
656我的心意无有变异,这便是我的精进波罗蜜。
Cittassa aññathā natthi, esā me vīriyapāramī’’ti. –
657如此,当他渡越大海时,他的精进波罗蜜便成为名为“究竟波罗蜜”者。在《忍辱说示本生》中——
Evaṃ mahāsamuddaṃ tarantassa vīriyapāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Khantivādijātake –
658如同砍劈无情的木头一样,用锋利的斧头砍杀我时;
‘‘Acetanaṃva koṭṭente, tiṇhena pharasunā mamaṃ;
659对于迦尸王,我也不生嗔怒,这便是我的忍辱波罗蜜。
Kāsirāje na kuppāmi, esā me khantipāramī’’ti. –
660如此,当他如同没有知觉一般忍受极大痛苦时,他的忍辱波罗蜜便成为名为“究竟波罗蜜”者。出自《大须陀索摩本生》——
Evaṃ acetanabhāvena viya mahādukkhaṃ adhivāsentassa khantipāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Mahāsutasomajātake –
661守护真实之语,舍弃我的生命;
‘‘Saccavācaṃ anurakkhanto, cajitvā mama jīvitaṃ;
662我释放了一百位刹帝利,这便是我的谛波罗蜜。
Mocesiṃ ekasataṃ khattiye, esā me saccapāramī’’ti. –
663如此,当那位舍弃生命而守护真实者,其谛波罗蜜便成为名为“究竟波罗蜜”者。出自《哑半月本生》——
Evaṃ jīvitaṃ cajitvā saccamanurakkhantassa saccapāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Mūgapakkhajātake –
664父母并非我所憎恶的,显赫的名声也非我所憎恶的;
‘‘Mātāpitā na me dessā, napi dessaṃ mahāyasaṃ;
665一切知智才是我所喜爱的,因此我下定决心坚持誓愿。
Sabbaññutaṃ piyaṃ mayhaṃ, tasmā vatamadhiṭṭhahi’’nti. (cariyā. 3.65) –
666如此,当那位甚至舍弃生命来坚持誓愿者,他的决意波罗蜜便成为名为“究竟波罗蜜”者。出自《金佳马本生》——
Evaṃ jīvitampi cajitvā vataṃ adhiṭṭhahantassa adhiṭṭhānapāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Suvaṇṇasāmajātake –
667无人恐吓我,我也不畏惧任何人。
‘‘Na maṃ koci uttasati, napihaṃ bhāyāmi kassaci;
668凭借慈的力量而得到支撑,我当时快乐地住在林中。
Mettābalenupatthaddho, ramāmi pavane tadā’’ti. (cariyā. 3.113) –
669如此,当那位甚至不顾生命而修习慈心者,他的慈波罗蜜便成为名为“究竟波罗蜜”者。在《毛发竖立本生》中——
Evaṃ jīvitampi anoloketvā mettāyantassa mettāpāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Lomahaṃsajātake –
670我在墓地铺设卧具,把死人的骨放在身边;
‘‘Susāne seyyaṃ kappemi, chavaṭṭhikaṃ upanidhāyahaṃ;
671乡村头领们到来后,展示出不少身形相貌。
Gāmaṇḍalā upāgantvā, rūpaṃ dassentinappaka’’nti. (cariyā. 3.119) –
672如此,当那些乡村儿童们通过吐口水等方式,以及通过献花环、供香等供养方式,制造出乐与苦的时候,他仍不舍弃舍心,他的舍波罗蜜便成为名为“究竟波罗蜜”者。这是此处的概要。至于详细的意义,应当从《行藏》中获取。如此圆满诸波罗蜜后,当他处于韦桑答拉的有身时——
Evaṃ gāmadārakesu niṭṭhubhanādīhi ceva mālāgandhūpahārādīhi ca sukhadukkhaṃ uppādentesupi upekkhaṃ anativattentassa upekkhāpāramitā paramatthapāramī nāma jātā. Ayamettha saṅkhepo. Vitthārato panesa attho cariyāpiṭakato gahetabboti. Evaṃ pāramiyo pūretvā vessantarattabhāve ṭhito –
673此大地是无心的,对乐与苦没有知觉;
‘‘Acetanāyaṃ pathavī, aviññāya sukhaṃ dukhaṃ;
674它也因我布施的威力,震动了七次。
Sāpi dānabalā mayhaṃ, sattakkhattuṃ pakampathā’’ti. (cariyā. 1.124) –
675就这样,菩萨完成了使大地剧烈震动等大福德业之后,寿命终结,便从那里死去,化生在兜率天宫。像这样,从燃灯佛足下开始,一直到投生在兜率天城为止,这整个阶段应当知道,称为「远因缘」:它是指距成佛还很久远的因缘故事。
Evaṃ mahāpathavikampanādīni mahāpuññāni karitvā āyupariyosāne tato cuto tusitabhavane nibbatti. Iti dīpaṅkarapādamūlato paṭṭhāya yāva ayaṃ tusitapure nibbatti, ettakaṃ ṭhānaṃ dūrenidānaṃ nāmāti veditabbaṃ.
707远因缘的故事讲完了。
Dūrenidānakathā niṭṭhitā.
676第二、不远因缘的讲述
2. Avidūrenidānakathā
677然而,当菩萨还居住在兜率天宫的时候,便出现了一种叫做‘佛喧嚷’的宣告。要知道,在世间有三种巨大的喧嚷会发生:劫喧嚷、佛喧嚷、转轮王喧嚷。其中,当‘劫灭尽’时,那些名为‘世间群’的欲界天神,会披头散发、泪流满面,用手抹着眼泪,穿着红衣,装扮成极为怪异的样子,游走在人间的道路上,这样宣告道:‘诸位贤友啊,从现在算起,再过十万年,劫灭就要发生了。这个世界将会毁灭,大海也将会干涸。这大地和须弥山王将会燃烧、毁灭。世界的毁灭将一直波及到梵天界。贤友们啊,你们要修习慈心!贤友们啊,要修习悲心、喜心、舍心!要奉养母亲,奉养父亲,在家中要尊敬年长者。’这就称为‘劫喧嚷’。而‘一千年后,一位全知的佛陀将会在世间出现’,护世天神们这样高声宣告着四处游走:‘诸位贤友啊,从现在算起,一千年后,一位全知的佛陀将会在世间出现!’这就称为‘佛喧嚷’。‘一百年后,一位转轮王将会出现’,天神们这样高声宣告着四处游走:‘诸位贤友啊,从现在算起,一百年后,一位转轮王将会在世间出现!’这就称为‘转轮王喧嚷’。这三种喧嚷,声势都极其浩大。
Tusitapure vasanteyeva pana bodhisatte buddhakolāhalaṃ nāma udapādi. Lokasmiñhi tīṇi kolāhalāni mahantāni uppajjanti kappakolāhalaṃ, buddhakolāhalaṃ, cakkavattikolāhalanti. Tattha ‘‘vassasatasahassaccayena kappuṭṭhānaṃ bhavissatī’’ti lokabyūhā nāma kāmāvacaradevā muttasirā vikiṇṇakesā rudamukhā assūni hatthehi puñchamānā rattavatthanivatthā ativiya virūpavesadhārino hutvā manussapathe vicarantā evaṃ ārocenti – ‘‘mārisā, ito vassasatasahassaccayena kappuṭṭhānaṃ bhavissati, ayaṃ loko vinassissati, mahāsamuddopi sussissati, ayañca mahāpathavī sineru ca pabbatarājā uḍḍayhissanti vinassissanti, yāva brahmalokā lokavināso bhavissati, mettaṃ mārisā, bhāvetha, karuṇaṃ, muditaṃ, upekkhaṃ mārisā, bhāvetha, mātaraṃ upaṭṭhahatha, pitaraṃ upaṭṭhahatha, kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino hothā’’ti. Idaṃ kappakolāhalaṃ nāma. ‘‘Vassasahassaccayena pana sabbuññubuddho loke uppajjissatī’’ti lokapāladevatā ‘‘ito, mārisā, vassasahassaccayena sabbaññubuddho loke uppajjissatī’’ti ugghosentiyo āhiṇḍanti. Idaṃ buddhakolāhalaṃ nāma. ‘‘Vassasatassaccayena cakkavattirājā uppajjissatī’’ti devatāyo ‘‘ito mārisā vassasataccayena cakkavattirājā loke uppajjissatī’’ti ugghosentiyo āhiṇḍanti. Idaṃ cakkavattikolāhalaṃ nāma. Imāni tīṇi kolāhalāni mahantāni honti.
678在这三种喧嚷中,整个一万个轮围世界的诸天神,听到了佛喧嚷的声音后,一起聚集过来。他们知道‘有某位众生将要成佛’,便前去靠近那位菩萨,向他请求。他们通常是在前兆出现时才去请求。但在那时,所有天神,每一轮围世界都由四大王天、帝释天、夜摩天、兜率天、化乐天、他化自在天及大梵天带领,一起聚会在一个轮围世界,然后来到兜率天宫,到了菩萨跟前,请求道:‘贤友啊,您圆满十波罗蜜,并不是为了追求帝释天的成就,也不是为了追求魔王、大梵天或转轮王的成就,而是为了救度世间,为了证得一切知智而圆满波罗蜜的。如今,贤友啊,是您成就佛果的时候了;贤友啊,是您成就佛果的时机到了。’
Tesu buddhakolāhalasaddaṃ sutvā sakaladasasahassacakkavāḷadevatā ekato sannipatitvā ‘‘asuko nāma satto buddho bhavissatī’’ti ñatvā taṃ upasaṅkamitvā āyācanti. Āyācamānā ca pubbanimittesu uppannesu āyācanti. Tadā pana sabbāpi tā ekekacakkavāḷe cātumahārājasakkasuyāmasantusitasunimmitavasavattimahābrahmehi saddhiṃ ekacakkavāḷe sannipatitvā tusitabhavane bodhisattassa santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘mārisa, tumhehi dasa pāramiyo pūrentehi na sakkasampattiṃ, na mārabrahmacakkavattisampattiṃ patthentehi pūritā, lokanittharaṇatthāya pana sabbaññutaṃ patthentehi pūritā, so vo dāni kālo, mārisa, buddhattāya, samayo, mārisa, buddhattāyā’’ti yāciṃsu.
679这时,大士并没有立刻就答应诸天神的请求,而是基于时间、洲岛、地区、家族、母亲、寿命的抉择,进行了所谓的‘五种大观察’。其中,他首先观察时间,思惟:‘现在是合宜的时机,还是不合宜的时机?’在这里,寿命增长到十万岁以上的时期,不叫作‘合宜的时’。为什么呢?因为在那时,众生的生、老、死并不显现。而且,诸佛的教法,没有不标示出三相的。当他们为众生开示‘这是无常,这是苦,这是无我’时,那些众生会想:‘他们到底在说些什么呀?’既不会去听,也不会信受。因此,就不可能实现现观。没有证悟,教法也就不能成为导向出离的教法。所以,那个时期是不合宜的时。寿命短于一百岁的时期,也不叫作‘合宜的时’。为什么呢?因为那时的众生烦恼极其炽盛,给予这些烦恼炽盛的众生的教诫,根本站不住脚,就像用棍子在水面划出的痕迹一样,会迅速消失。所以,那个时期也是不合宜的时。而寿命从上至十万岁开始向下,从百岁开始向上,这个区间的寿命时期,才叫作‘合宜的时’。那时,正巧是百岁寿命的时期,于是大士看到了‘这正是应当受生的时候’,便确定了时间。
Atha mahāsatto devatānaṃ paṭiññaṃ adatvāva kāladīpadesakulajanettiāyuparicchedavasena pañcamahāvilokanaṃ nāma vilokesi. Tattha ‘‘kālo nu kho, akālo nu kho’’ti paṭhamaṃ kālaṃ vilokesi. Tattha vassasatasahassato uddhaṃ vaḍḍhitaāyukālo kālo nāma na hoti. Kasmā? Tadā hi sattānaṃ jātijarāmaraṇāni na paññāyanti. Buddhānañca dhammadesanā tilakkhaṇamuttā nāma natthi. Tesaṃ ‘‘aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā’’ti kathentānaṃ ‘‘kiṃ nāmetaṃ kathentī’’ti neva sotabbaṃ na saddhātabbaṃ maññanti, tato abhisamayo na hoti, tasmiṃ asati aniyyānikaṃ sāsanaṃ hoti. Tasmā so akālo. Vassasatato ūnaāyukālopi kālo nāma na hoti. Kasmā? Tadā hi sattā ussannakilesā honti, ussannakilesānañca dinno ovādo ovādaṭṭhāne na tiṭṭhati, udake daṇḍarāji viya khippaṃ vigacchati. Tasmā sopi akālo. Vassasatasahassato pana paṭṭhāya heṭṭhā, vassasatato paṭṭhāya uddhaṃ āyukālo kālo nāma. Tadā ca vassasatāyukālo, atha mahāsatto ‘‘nibbattitabbakālo’’ti kālaṃ passi.
680接着,他观察洲岛。他观察了连同附属岛屿在内的四大洲后,看到:'佛陀不会在其他三洲出世,只会在阎浮提出世。' 便选定了这个洲。
Tato dīpaṃ vilokento saparivāre cattāro dīpe oloketvā ‘‘tīsu dīpesu buddhā na nibbattanti, jambudīpeyeva nibbattantī’’ti dīpaṃ passi.
681随后,他观察区域,思惟:‘阎浮提洲虽然广大,方圆一万由旬,但佛陀究竟是在其中哪一个地方出世呢?’他便看到了中区。所谓‘中区’,就是指在律藏(《大品》259)中所说的那个区域:‘在东方,有个名叫加姜伽拉的市镇,过了那镇是大娑罗树林,从那里再往外就是边境地区了,而以内就是中区。在东南方,有条名叫萨罗瓦帝的河流,从那条河再往外就是边境地区,而以内就是中区。在南方,有个名叫白耳村的市镇,从那里再往外就是边境地区,而以内就是中区。在西方,有个名叫土那的婆罗门村,从那里再往外就是边境地区,而以内就是中区。在北方,有座名叫优西拉达贾的山,从那座山再往外就是边境地区,而以内就是中区。’这个区域纵长三百由旬,宽二百五十由旬,周遭范围九百由旬。就在这个区域内,才会有佛陀、辟支佛、上首弟子、八十位大弟子、转轮王,以及其他有大威德力的刹帝利、婆罗门和豪商巨富们出现。他最终下了决心:‘在这里,有一座名叫迦毗罗卫的城市,我应当在那里结生。’
Tato ‘‘jambudīpo nāma mahā, dasayojanasahassaparimāṇo, katarasmiṃ nu kho padese buddhā nibbattantī’’ti okāsaṃ vilokento majjhimadesaṃ passi. Majjhimadeso nāma ‘‘puratthimāya disāya gajaṅgalaṃ nāma nigamo, tassa parena mahāsālā, tato parā paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Puratthimadakkhiṇāya disāya sallavatī nāma nadī, tato parā paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Dakkhiṇāya disāya setakaṇṇikaṃ nāma nigamo, tato parā paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Pacchimāya disāya thūṇaṃ nāma brāhmaṇagāmo, tato parā paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe. Uttarāya disāya usīraddhajo nāma pabbato, tato parā paccantimā janapadā, orato majjhe’’ti evaṃ vinaye (mahāva. 259) vutto padeso . So āyāmato tīṇi yojanasatāni, vitthārato aḍḍhateyyāni, parikkhepato nava yojanasatānīti etasmiṃ padese buddhā, paccekabuddhā, aggasāvakā, asīti mahāsāvakā, cakkavattirājāno, aññe ca mahesakkhā khattiyabrāhmaṇagahapatimahāsālā uppajjanti. Idañcettha kapilavatthu nāma nagaraṃ, tattha mayā nibbattitabbanti niṭṭhaṃ agamāsi.
682然后,他观察家族,心想:“被称为‘佛陀’的,不会出生在吠舍种姓或首陀罗种姓的家庭,只会出生在世人所公认的刹帝利家族或婆罗门家族这两种之中。现在刹帝利家族是世人所公认的,我将在那里出生。名为净饭的国王,将成为我的父亲。”就这样,他选定了家族。
Tato kulaṃ vilokento ‘‘buddhā nāma vessakule vā suddakule vā na nibbattanti. Lokasammate pana khattiyakule vā brāhmaṇakule vāti dvīsuyeva kulesu nibbattanti. Idāni ca khattiyakulaṃ lokasammataṃ, tattha nibbattissāmi. Suddhodano nāma rājā me pitā bhavissatī’’ti kulaṃ passi.
683接着,他观察母亲,看到:“被称为‘佛母’的,不是那种轻浮、嗜酒、放逸的女人,而是从出生以来,在百千劫中圆满修习波罗蜜,五戒从未破过的人。这位名叫摩诃摩耶的王后,正是这样的女子,她将成为我的母亲。她的寿命还有多长呢?在十个月之后,还能再活七天。”这样,他选定了母亲。
Tato mātaraṃ vilokento ‘‘buddhamātā nāma lolā surādhuttā na hoti, kappasatasahassaṃ pana pūritapāramī jātito paṭṭhāya akhaṇḍapañcasīlāyeva hoti. Ayañca mahāmāyā nāma devī edisī, ayaṃ me mātā bhavissati. Kittakaṃ panassā āyūti dasannaṃ māsānaṃ upari satta divasānī’’ti passi.
684就这样,完成了这五种大观察之后,他为了摄受天众,答应他们说:“贤友们,我成就佛陀的时机已经到了。”然后遣散那些天众说:“你们可以离去了。”他在兜率天众的围绕下,进入了兜率天宫的欢喜林。因为在一切天界中,都有欢喜林。在那里,天众围绕着他,一面游走,一面以他过去所造善业投生的地方提醒他说:“从此处命终,往生善趣。从此处命终,往生善趣。”就在天众这样不断提醒善业的围绕中,他随意地游行,随后从那里命终,在摩诃摩耶王后的母胎中取得了结生。
Iti imaṃ pañcamahāvilokanaṃ viloketvā ‘‘kālo me, mārisā, buddhabhāvāyā’’ti devatānaṃ saṅgahaṃ karonto paṭiññaṃ datvā ‘‘gacchatha, tumhe’’ti tā devatā uyyojetvā tusitadevatāhi parivuto tusitapure nandanavanaṃ pāvisi. Sabbadevalokesu hi nandanavanaṃ atthiyeva. Tattha naṃ devatā ‘‘ito cuto sugatiṃ gaccha, ito cuto sugatiṃ gacchā’’ti pubbe katakusalakammokāsaṃ sārayamānā vicaranti. So evaṃ devatāhi kusalaṃ sārayamānāhi parivuto tattha vicarantoyeva cavitvā mahāmāyāya deviyā kucchismiṃ paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi.
685为了阐明此事,有这样的次第叙述:据说,当时在迦毗罗卫城,正逢庆祝阿沙荼月星宿节,消息传开,大众都在欢度星宿节。摩诃摩耶王后也在满月日之前的第七天开始,不再饮酒,具足香花装饰,享受节庆的欢乐。在第七天清晨,她早早起身,用香水沐浴,拿出四十万财宝广作大布施,佩戴种种装饰,享用上好的食物,受持布萨戒。然后,她走进装饰齐备的吉祥寝宫,躺在吉祥卧床上,正要入睡时,看见这样的梦:梦中有四位‘大王’抬着她的卧床,一起将她带到雪山,放在一片六十由旬大的雌黄石台上,台上有棵七由旬高的大娑罗树,四位大王把她安放在树下后,就站在一旁。接着,他们的天后们过来,带着王后来到阿耨达池,为了除去人身垢秽而给她沐浴,让她穿上天衣,为她涂上妙香,并在她身上佩戴天华。离此不远,有一座银山,山内有一座金殿。她们在里面铺设了一张头朝东的天床,让她躺下。此时,菩萨化为一头白象王,先在附近的一座金山上游历,然后从那座山下来,登上银山,从北方缓缓走来,用银链般的长鼻卷起一朵白莲,发出像仙鹤鸣叫般的响亮声音,进入金殿,围绕母亲的卧床右绕三圈后,从右胁破入,就像进入母胎一般。就这样,他在阿沙荼月的星宿节取得了结生。
Tassa āvibhāvatthaṃ ayaṃ anupubbikathā – tadā kira kapilavatthunagare āsāḷhinakkhattaṃ saṅghuṭṭhaṃ ahosi, mahājano nakkhattaṃ kīḷati. Mahāmāyāpi devī pure puṇṇamāya sattamadivasato paṭṭhāya vigatasurāpānaṃ mālāgandhavibhūtisampannaṃ nakkhattakīḷaṃ anubhavamānā sattame divase pātova uṭṭhāya gandhodakena nhāyitvā cattāri satasahassāni vissajjetvā mahādānaṃ datvā sabbālaṅkāravibhūsitā varabhojanaṃ bhuñjitvā uposathaṅgāni adhiṭṭhāya alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ sirigabbhaṃ pavisitvā sirisayane nipannā niddaṃ okkamamānā imaṃ supinaṃ addasa – cattāro kira naṃ mahārājāno sayaneneva saddhiṃ ukkhipitvā himavantaṃ netvā saṭṭhiyojanike manosilātale sattayojanikassa mahāsālarukkhassa heṭṭhā ṭhapetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhaṃsu. Atha nesaṃ deviyo āgantvā deviṃ anotattadahaṃ netvā manussamalaharaṇatthaṃ nhāpetvā dibbavatthaṃ nivāsāpetvā gandhehi vilimpāpetvā dibbapupphāni piḷandhāpetvā tato avidūre eko rajatapabbato atthi, tassa anto kanakavimānaṃ atthi, tattha pācīnasīsakaṃ dibbasayanaṃ paññāpetvā nipajjāpesuṃ. Atha bodhisatto setavaravāraṇo hutvā tato avidūre eko suvaṇṇapabbato atthi, tattha vicaritvā tato oruyha rajatapabbataṃ abhiruhitvā uttaradisato āgamma rajatadāmavaṇṇāya soṇḍāya setapadumaṃ gahetvā koñcanādaṃ naditvā kanakavimānaṃ pavisitvā mātusayanaṃ tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā dakkhiṇapassaṃ phāletvā kucchiṃ paviṭṭhasadiso ahosīti. Evaṃ uttarāsāḷhanakkhattena paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhi.
686第二天,王后醒来,把梦境禀告了国王。国王召集了约六十四位为首的婆罗门,让人在地上涂抹牛粪和青草泥,并撒上爆米花等吉祥供养物,然后铺设上等的座位,请他们坐下。国王用酥油、蜂蜜和糖调制的上等乳糜,盛满金钵和银钵,并用同样的金钵银钵盖好,供养给婆罗门们,同时还以上好的新衣、黄牛等物品供养,令他们十分满意。随后,当这些婆罗门被种种上妙供养满足之后,国王便让人告诉他们梦境,并问:“这会怎样呢?”婆罗门们回答说:“大王,请不要忧虑。王后的胎中已经有了胎儿,而且那是男孩,不是女孩,您将会得到一个儿子。这孩子如果在家生活,将成为转轮王;如果从家中出离去修行,就会成为这世间去除一切障碍的佛陀。”
Punadivase pabuddhā devī taṃ supinaṃ rañño ārocesi. Rājā catusaṭṭhimatte brāhmaṇapāmokkhe pakkosāpetvā gomayaharitūpalittāya lājādīhi katamaṅgalasakkārāya bhūmiyā mahārahāni āsanāni paññāpetvā tattha nisinnānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ sappimadhusakkharābhisaṅkhatassa varapāyāsassa suvaṇṇarajatapātiyo pūretvā suvaṇṇarajatapātīhiyeva paṭikujjitvā adāsi, aññehi ca ahatavatthakapilagāvidānādīhi te santappesi. Atha nesaṃ sabbakāmehi santappitānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ supinaṃ ārocāpetvā ‘‘kiṃ bhavissatī’’ti pucchi. Brāhmaṇā āhaṃsu – ‘‘mā cintayi, mahārāja, deviyā te kucchimhi gabbho patiṭṭhito, so ca kho purisagabbho, na itthigabbho, putto te bhavissati, so sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasissati, rājā bhavissati cakkavattī. Sace agārā nikkhamma pabbajissati, buddho bhavissati loke vivaṭacchado’’ti.
687就在菩萨入母胎、取得结生的那一刹那,整个一万世界同时震动、强烈震动、剧烈震动。三十二种前兆显现出来:在一万个轮围世界之内,无限的光芒弥漫开来。如同渴望瞻仰他的吉祥一般,盲者获得了眼睛,聋者听到了声音,哑者互相交谈,驼背者身体变得挺直,跛者获得了步行能力,一切被束缚的众生都从枷锁、捆绑等中解脱出来;所有地狱中的烈火都熄灭了,饿鬼界的饥渴得以止息,畜生不再有恐惧;一切众生的疾病平复,所有众生言语柔和。马儿以悦耳的方式嘶鸣,象群发出吼叫,一切乐器自行发出各自的妙音,人们身上的手镯、项链等装饰品,未经敲击便自己振响。所有方向都变得清净明澈。只为给众生带来乐受的温和凉风吹起,非时雨降下,地面上也有泉水涌出流淌。鸟儿停住了空中飞翔,河流停住不流,大海之水变得甘甜。所有地方都覆满了五种颜色的莲花,陆上与水中一切花朵盛开。树干上开出树干莲,树枝上开出树枝莲,藤蔓上开出了藤蔓莲。坚硬的石板裂开,有百叶莲花层层叠叠地从底下长出,直立向上,称为茎干莲;空中也出现了称为悬垂莲的莲花,四面八方降下阵阵花雨。空中响起天乐。整个一万世界,宛如抛掷散开的花球,又如被用力挤紧的花环束,又像装饰齐备的花座,形成一条巨大的花鬘,随着摇曳的拂尘、花香、烟香弥漫,达到了极致的庄严。
Bodhisattassa pana mātukucchimhi paṭisandhiggahaṇakkhaṇeyeva ekappahāreneva sakaladasasahassī lokadhātu saṅkampi sampakampi sampavedhi. Dvattiṃsa pubbanimittāni pāturahesuṃ – dasasu cakkavāḷasahassesu appamāṇo obhāso phari. Tassa taṃ siriṃ daṭṭhukāmā viya andhā cakkhūni paṭilabhiṃsu, badhirā saddaṃ suṇiṃsu, mūgā samālapiṃsu, khujjā ujugattā ahesuṃ, paṅgulā padasā gamanaṃ paṭilabhiṃsu, bandhanagatā sabbasattā andubandhanādīhi mucciṃsu, sabbanirayesu aggī nibbāyiṃsu, pettivisayesu khuppipāsā vūpasamiṃsu, tiracchānānaṃ bhayaṃ nāhosi, sabbasattānaṃ rogo vūpasami, sabbasattā piyaṃvadā ahesuṃ, madhurenākārena assā hasiṃsu, vāraṇā gajjiṃsu, sabbatūriyāni sakaṃ sakaṃ ninnādaṃ muñciṃsu, aghaṭṭitāniyeva manussānaṃ hatthūpagādīni ābharaṇāni viraviṃsu, sabbā disā vippasannā ahesuṃ, sattānaṃ sukhaṃ uppādayamāno mudusītalo vāto vāyi, akālamegho vassi, pathavitopi udakaṃ ubbhijjitvā vissandi, pakkhino ākāsagamanaṃ vijahiṃsu, nadiyo asandamānā aṭṭhaṃsu, mahāsamuddo madhurodako ahosi, sabbatthakameva pañcavaṇṇehi padumehi sañchannatalo ahosi, thalajajalajādīni sabbapupphāni pupphiṃsu, rukkhānaṃ khandhesu khandhapadumāni, sākhāsu sākhāpadumāni, latāsu latāpadumāni pupphiṃsu, ghanasilātalāni bhinditvā uparūpari satapattāni hutvā daṇḍapadumāni nāma nikkhamiṃsu, ākāse olambakapadumāni nāma nibbattiṃsu, samantato pupphavassāni vassiṃsu. Ākāse dibbatūriyāni vajjiṃsu, sakaladasasahassī lokadhātu vaṭṭetvā vissaṭṭhamālāguḷo viya, uppīḷetvā baddhamālākalāpo viya, alaṅkatapaṭiyattamālāsanaṃ viya ca ekamālāmālinī vipphurantavāḷabījanī pupphadhūpagandhaparivāsitā paramasobhaggappattā ahosi.
688就这样,当菩萨取得结生的那一刻起,就有四位手持利剑的天子前来守护,以保护菩萨和菩萨母亲不受灾祸。菩萨母亲对于任何男子,不再生起贪染之心;她成为了受用供养和获得荣誉的顶点,身心安乐,从不感到疲倦。她还能清楚地看见腹中的菩萨,如同透过一颗晶莹的摩尼宝珠,看到贯穿其中的黄线一样。而且,菩萨所住过的母胎,就像塔庙中的密室一样,其他有情不能在其中居住或享用,因此,菩萨母亲在生下菩萨的第七天就会命终,往生兜率天。另外,其他女人或早于十月,或晚于十月,或坐或卧地分娩,但菩萨母亲不是这样。她怀菩萨满足十月之后,是站立着分娩的。这就是菩萨母亲的常理常法。
Evaṃ gahitapaṭisandhikassa bodhisattassa paṭisandhiggahaṇakālato paṭṭhāya bodhisattassa ceva bodhisattamātuyā ca upaddavanivāraṇatthaṃ khaggahatthā cattāro devaputtā ārakkhaṃ gaṇhiṃsu. Bodhisattassa mātuyā purisesu rāgacittaṃ nuppajji, lābhaggayasaggappattā ca ahosi sukhinī akilantakāyā. Bodhisattañca antokucchigataṃ vippasanne maṇiratane āvutapaṇḍusuttaṃ viya passati. Yasmā ca bodhisattena vasitakucchi nāma cetiyagabbhasadisā hoti, na sakkā aññena sattena āvasituṃ vā paribhuñjituṃ vā, tasmā bodhisattamātā sattāhajāte bodhisatte kālaṃ katvā tusitapure nibbatti. Yathā ca aññā itthiyo dasamāse appatvāpi atikkamitvāpi nisinnāpi nipannāpi vijāyanti, na evaṃ bodhisattamātā. Sā pana bodhisattaṃ dasamāse kucchinā pariharitvā ṭhitāva vijāyati. Ayaṃ bodhisattamātudhammatā.
689摩耶王后如同捧着油一样,怀菩萨满十个月。胎满时,她想去娘家,便禀告净饭大王说:“陛下,我想回到娘家的天臂城去。”国王应允说:“很好。”于是,他下令将迦毗罗卫到天臂城之间的道路整平,又以芭蕉树、满水罐、幢幡等种种装饰物严饰沿途。然后请王后坐上金轿,命一千名大臣抬起,并以庞大的随从队伍护送。两城之间有一个两城居民都喜乐的蓝毗尼林,这是一片吉祥的娑罗树林。那时,整棵树从树根到最顶端的树枝全都开满了花朵,一片繁花似锦。在枝叶之间、花朵丛中,五色的蜂群和各种各样的鸟儿们发出甜美悦耳的鸣叫声,来回飞翔。整座蓝毗尼林如同天上的心怡园,又像一位有大神力的国王那装饰华丽的酒宴厅堂。王后看见这番景象,心中生起了想在娑罗林里游戏的愿望。大臣们便领着王后进入娑罗林。她来到一棵吉祥的娑罗树下,想抓一根娑罗树枝。那根树枝就像被火烤软的藤蔓尖一样,自动弯垂下来,伸到王后手边。她伸出手抓住了树枝。就在她抓住树枝的同时,王后的产痛发动了。于是,大众迅速为她围起了布幕,退到一旁。她就这样抓着娑罗树枝,站立着生下了孩子。在那千钧一发之际,四位内心清净的大梵天手持金网赶来。他们用那张金网接住了菩萨,然后站在母亲面前说:“王后,请欢喜吧!您生下了一个有大威力的儿子。”
Mahāmāyāpi devī pattena telaṃ viya dasamāse kucchinā bodhisattaṃ pariharitvā paripuṇṇagabbhā ñātigharaṃ gantukāmā suddhodanamahārājassa ārocesi – ‘‘icchāmahaṃ, deva, kulasantakaṃ devadahanagaraṃ gantu’’nti. Rājā ‘‘sādhū’’ti sampaṭicchitvā kapilavatthuto yāva devadahanagarā maggaṃ samaṃ kāretvā kadalipuṇṇaghaṭadhajapaṭākādīhi alaṅkārehi alaṅkārāpetvā deviṃ sovaṇṇasivikāya nisīdāpetvā amaccasahassena ukkhipāpetvā mahantena parivārena pesesi. Dvinnaṃ pana nagarānaṃ antare ubhayanagaravāsīnampi lumbinīvanaṃ nāma maṅgalasālavanaṃ atthi. Tasmiṃ samaye mūlato paṭṭhāya yāva aggasākhā sabbaṃ ekapāliphullaṃ ahosi, sākhantarehi ceva pupphantarehi ca pañcavaṇṇā bhamaragaṇā nānappakārā ca sakuṇasaṅghā madhurassarena vikūjantā vicaranti. Sakalaṃ lumbinīvanaṃ cittalatāvanasadisaṃ, mahānubhāvassa rañño susajjitaāpānamaṇḍalaṃ viya ahosi. Deviyā taṃ disvā sālavane kīḷitukāmatā udapādi. Amaccā deviṃ gahetvā sālavanaṃ pavisiṃsu. Sā maṅgalasālamūlaṃ upagantvā sālasākhaṃ gaṇhitukāmā ahosi, sālasākhā suseditavettaggaṃ viya oṇamitvā deviyā hatthasamīpaṃ upagañchi. Sā hatthaṃ pasāretvā sākhaṃ aggahesi. Tāvadeva ca deviyā kammajavātā caliṃsu, athassā sāṇiṃ parikkhipāpetvā mahājano paṭikkami, sālasākhaṃ gahetvā tiṭṭhamānāya eva cassā gabbhavuṭṭhānaṃ ahosi. Taṅkhaṇaññeva cattāro visuddhacittā mahābrahmāno suvaṇṇajālaṃ ādāya sampattā. Te tena suvaṇṇajālena bodhisattaṃ sampaṭicchitvā mātu purato ṭhatvā ‘‘attamanā, devi, hohi, mahesakkho te putto uppanno’’ti āhaṃsu.
690然而,其他众生从母胎出来时,都会被污秽不净所染着,但菩萨并非如此。他就像从法座上走下来的说法者,又像走下阶梯的人,伸出双手双脚,就这么站着出生,丝毫不被任何胎中不净所沾,清净明亮,有如安放在迦尸布上的摩尼宝珠般闪耀而出。虽然如此,为示恭敬,空中还降下两道水柱,让菩萨和菩萨母的身体得以调节舒适。
Yathā pana aññe sattā mātukucchito nikkhamantā paṭikūlena asucinā makkhitā nikkhamanti, na evaṃ bodhisatto. So pana dhammāsanato otaranto dhammakathiko viya, nisseṇito otaranto puriso viya ca dve hatthe dve ca pāde pasāretvā ṭhitakova mātukucchisambhavena kenaci asucinā amakkhito suddho visado kāsikavatthe nikkhittamaṇiratanaṃ viya jotento mātukucchito nikkhami. Evaṃ santepi bodhisattassa ca bodhisattamātuyā ca sakkāratthaṃ ākāsato dve udakadhārā nikkhamitvā bodhisattassa ca bodhisattamātuyā ca sarīre utuṃ gāhāpesuṃ.
691接着,从那些用金网接住他并站定的梵天们手中,四大天王用公认吉祥、触感舒适的鹿皮垫接了过来;又从他们手中,人们用一块细布垫接了过来;他脱离人手,立在大地上,向东方望去,顿时数千大千世界都变得像一片开阔的平地。那里的天人和世人纷纷用香、花等供养他,并说:“大人,此处实在找不到能与您相提并论的,又哪里会有更超胜的人呢?”他就这样依次观察了四方、四隅,以及下方和上方,遍观十方;放眼望去,并未见到任何与自己相等者。他便说“这是北方”,迈开七步前行,当时大梵天为他撑着白伞盖,善夜摩天摇着拂尘,其他天神们也各自手持其余的王权仪仗随行其后。到第七步停住后,他便发出“我是世间最上者”等无畏语,声如狮子吼。
Atha naṃ suvaṇṇajālena paṭiggahetvā ṭhitānaṃ brahmānaṃ hatthato cattāro mahārājāno maṅgalasammatāya sukhasamphassāya ajinappaveṇiyā gaṇhiṃsu, tesaṃ hatthato manussā dukūlacumbaṭakena gaṇhiṃsu, manussānaṃ hatthato muccitvā pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāya puratthimadisaṃ olokesi, anekāni cakkavāḷasahassāni ekaṅgaṇāni ahesuṃ. Tattha devamanussā gandhamālādīhi pūjayamānā ‘‘mahāpurisa, idha tumhehi sadiso añño natthi, kutettha uttaritaro’’ti āhaṃsu. Evaṃ catasso disā , catasso anudisā ca heṭṭhā, uparīti dasapi disā anuviloketvā attanā sadisaṃ kañci adisvā ‘‘ayaṃ uttarādisā’’ti sattapadavītihārena agamāsi mahābrahmunā setacchattaṃ dhārayamānena, suyāmena vāḷabījaniṃ, aññāhi ca devatāhi sesarājakakudhabhaṇḍahatthāhi anugammamāno. Tato sattamapade ṭhito ‘‘aggohamasmi lokassā’’tiādikaṃ āsabhiṃ vācaṃ nicchārento sīhanādaṃ nadi.
692菩萨在三个有身期里,才出母胎便开口说话:分别是在大药童的那一生、毗输安多罗的那一生,以及现在这一生。据说,在大药童那一生,他才从母胎出来,帝释天王便赶来,把一段檀香木心放在他手里,然后离去。他紧握那木心出生。母亲问他:“孩子,你拿着什么来啦?”“药,妈妈。”由于他拿了药来,大家便给他取名叫“药童”。把那段药放进罐里,对那些前来求诊的盲、聋等病人,它就成了能平息一切疾病的灵药。因此,“这真是大药,这真是大药”的赞语流传开来,他也就得名“大药童”。在毗输安多罗那一生,他出母胎时便伸出右手说:“妈妈,家里有什么东西吗?我要布施。”母亲回答:“孩子,你可是生在富贵家的人。”她牵过儿子的手放在自己手掌上,让仆从放上了一个千金囊。而在这一生,他则发出了这样的狮子吼。菩萨正是如此,在三个有身期里,一离母胎便开口说话。不仅结生那一刹那如此,在他出生的一刹那,也有三十二种前兆同时显现。而且,当我们的菩萨在蓝毗尼园降生时,就在同一时刻,罗睺罗的母亲妃、阿难陀尊者、阐那大臣、迦留陀夷大臣、健驮狮王、大菩提树,以及四个宝藏瓶,也都一同出现。这些宝藏瓶,一个大小为一牛呼,一个为半由旬,一个为三牛呼,一个为一由旬;它们的深度则都直达地底。这些统称为“七俱生”。
Bodhisatto hi tīsu attabhāvesu mātukucchito nikkhantamattova vācaṃ nicchāresi mahosadhattabhāve, vessantarattabhāve, imasmiṃ attabhāve cāti. Mahosadhattabhāve kirassa mātukucchito nikkhamantasseva sakko devarājā āgantvā candanasāraṃ hatthe ṭhapetvā gato. So taṃ muṭṭhiyaṃ katvāva nikkhanto. Atha naṃ mātā ‘‘tāta, kiṃ gahetvā āgatosī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Osadhaṃ, ammā’’ti. Iti osadhaṃ gahetvā āgatattā ‘‘osadhadārako’’tvevassa nāmaṃ akaṃsu. Taṃ osadhaṃ gahetvā cāṭiyaṃ pakkhipiṃsu, āgatāgatānaṃ andhabadhirādīnaṃ tadeva sabbarogavūpasamāya bhesajjaṃ ahosi. Tato ‘‘mahantaṃ idaṃ osadhaṃ, mahantaṃ idaṃ osadha’’nti uppannavacanaṃ upādāya ‘‘mahosadho’’tvevassa nāmaṃ jātaṃ. Vessantarattabhāve pana mātukucchito nikkhamanto dakkhiṇahatthaṃ pasāretvāva ‘‘atthi nu kho, amma, kiñci gehasmiṃ, dānaṃ dassāmī’’ti vadanto nikkhami. Athassa mātā ‘‘sadhane kule nibbattosi, tātā’’ti puttassa hatthaṃ attano hatthatale katvā sahassatthavikaṃ ṭhapāpesi. Imasmiṃ pana attabhāve imaṃ sīhanādaṃ nadīti evaṃ bodhisatto tīsu attabhāvesu mātukucchito nikkhantamattova vācaṃ nicchāresi. Yathā ca paṭisandhiggahaṇakkhaṇe tathā jātikkhaṇepissa dvattiṃsa pubbanimittāni pāturahesuṃ. Yasmiṃ pana samaye amhākaṃ bodhisatto lumbinīvane jāto, tasmiṃyeva samaye rāhulamātādevī, ānandatthero,channo amacco, kāḷudāyī amacco, kaṇḍako assarājā, mahābodhirukkho, catasso nidhikumbhiyo ca jātā. Tattha ekā nidhikumbhī gāvutappamāṇā, ekā aḍḍhayojanappamāṇā, ekā tigāvutappamāṇā, ekā yojanappamāṇā. Gambhīrato pathavīpariyantā eva ahosīti. Ime satta sahajātā nāma.
693两城的居民一同护送着菩萨回到迦毗罗卫城。就在那一天,三十三天界的天众们欣喜若狂,心想:“在迦毗罗卫城,净饭大王得了一位王子;这位王子将来会坐在菩提树下成佛!”他们因此举起衣裳等物嬉戏庆祝。那时,净饭大王的近侍僧——迦罗达瓦苦行者,是一位获得八定的人,斋后到三十三天界去作日中安住。他坐在那里,看见天众们如此欢腾,便问:“你们为什么这般欢喜地嬉戏?请说说缘由。”天众们回答:“尊者,净饭大王的儿子出生了,他会在金刚座上成佛,转动法轮。我们心想:‘有幸能瞻仰他无量的佛迹,并听闻正法’,因此欢喜不已。”苦行者听完他们的话,立刻从天界下来,进入王宫,坐在铺好的座位上,说:“大王,听说您得了一位王子,我要看看他。”国王便命人把装饰好的王子抱来,送到苦行者面前准备礼拜。菩萨的双脚竟然翻转,落在苦行者的发髻上。因为菩萨在那个有身期,根本没有够格受他礼拜的人。假若有不知情的人把菩萨的头按到苦行者的脚前,苦行者的头定会裂成七块。苦行者心想:“我不可毁了自己。”便从座位上起身,向菩萨合掌致敬。国王看见这桩奇事,也向自己的儿子合掌礼敬。
Ubhayanagaravāsino bodhisattaṃ gahetvā kapilavatthunagarameva agamaṃsu. Taṃ divasaṃyeva ca ‘‘kapilavatthunagare suddhodanamahārājassa putto jāto, ayaṃ kumāro bodhimūle nisīditvā buddho bhavissatī’’ti tāvatiṃsabhavane haṭṭhatuṭṭhā devasaṅghā celukkhepādīni pavattentā kīḷiṃsu. Tasmiṃ samaye suddhodanamahārājassa kulūpako aṭṭhasamāpattilābhī kāladevalo nāma tāpaso bhattakiccaṃ katvā divāvihāratthāya tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ gantvā tattha divāvihāraṃ nisinno tā devatā tathā kīḷamānā disvā ‘‘kiṃ kāraṇā tumhe evaṃ tuṭṭhamānasā kīḷatha, mayhampetaṃ kāraṇaṃ kathethā’’ti pucchi. Devatā āhaṃsu – ‘‘mārisa, suddhodanamahārājassa putto jāto, so bodhimaṇḍe nisīditvā buddho hutvā dhammacakkaṃ pavattessati, ‘tassa anantaṃ buddhalīḷaṃ daṭṭhuṃ, dhammañca sotuṃ lacchāmā’ti iminā kāraṇena tuṭṭhāmhā’’ti. Tāpaso tāsaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā khippaṃ devalokato oruyha rājanivesanaṃ pavisitvā paññattāsane nisinno ‘‘putto kira te, mahārāja, jāto, passissāmi na’’nti āha. Rājā alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ kumāraṃ āharāpetvā tāpasaṃ vandāpetuṃ abhihari. Bodhisattassa pādā parivattitvā tāpasassa jaṭāsu patiṭṭhahiṃsu. Bodhisattassa hi tenattabhāvena vanditabbayuttako nāma añño natthi. Sace hi ajānantā bodhisattassa sīsaṃ tāpasassa pādamūle ṭhapeyyuṃ, sattadhā tassa muddhā phaleyya. Tāpaso ‘‘na me attānaṃ nāsetuṃ yutta’’nti uṭṭhāyāsanā bodhisattassa añjaliṃ paggahesi. Rājā taṃ acchariyaṃ disvā attano puttaṃ vandi.
694这位苦行者能忆念过去四十劫和未来四十劫,总共八十劫的事。他见到菩萨的相好圆满后,便用心思察:“他究竟会不会成佛?”经过思维确认“必定会成为佛”,深知“这真是一位极为稀有之人”,于是露出了微笑。接着他又观察:“我有没有福份见到这位稀有之人成佛呢?”结果显示:“见不到,我会在中途死去,转生到无色界中,那个地方即使有百佛、千佛前去也无法使其觉醒。”他想到“我竟无缘见到这样稀有的人成佛,损失实在太大”,便哭了起来。
Tāpaso atīte cattālīsa kappe, anāgate cattālīsāti asīti kappe anussarati. Bodhisattassa lakkhaṇasampattiṃ disvā ‘‘bhavissati nu kho buddho, udāhu no’’ti āvajjetvā upadhārento ‘‘nissaṃsayena buddho bhavissatī’’ti ñatvā ‘‘acchariyapuriso aya’’nti sitaṃ akāsi. Tato ‘‘ahaṃ imaṃ acchariyapurisaṃ buddhabhūtaṃ daṭṭhuṃ labhissāmi nu kho, no’’ti upadhārento ‘‘na labhissāmi, antarāyeva kālaṃ katvā buddhasatenapi buddhasahassenapi gantvā bodhetuṃ asakkuṇeyye arūpabhave nibbattissāmī’’ti disvā ‘‘evarūpaṃ nāma acchariyapurisaṃ buddhabhūtaṃ daṭṭhuṃ na labhissāmi, mahatī vata me jāni bhavissatī’’ti parodi.
695人们看见后便问:“我们的圣贤方才还在笑,怎么一下子又哭了起来,这是怎么回事?尊者,难道我们的王子会有什么障碍吗?”他回答:“他没有障碍,必定会成佛。”又问:“那您为什么哭呢,尊者?”他说:“我将无缘见到这样的人成佛,所以为自己哀叹‘损失实在太大了’,因而伤心痛哭。”随后他又想:“在我的亲属当中,有没有人能有幸见到他成佛呢?”观察之下,他看到了自己的外甥那拉卡童子。他到妹妹家问:“你的儿子那拉卡在哪里?”妹妹说:“在家里,尊者。”他吩咐:“把他叫来。”把孩童叫到跟前,他便说:“孩子,净饭大王家里生了一位王子,这是一棵佛的嫩芽;再过三十五年,他将成佛。你有福缘见到他。今天就可以出家了。”那童子虽生在拥有八十七俱胝财富的家庭,心中却想:“舅舅决不会指给我一件无益的事。”当下就让人从市中心取来袈裟衣和陶钵,剃除了须发,穿上袈裟衣,面向菩萨合掌,以五体投地礼敬,说道:“我是为了这位世间最上之人而出家的。”他把钵装进钵囊挂在肩上,便进入雪山,修习沙门之道。后来,他亲近已证无上正觉的如来,请如来说示那拉卡行道后,又返回雪山,证得阿拉汉果,修持最殊胜的行道,仅维持七个月的寿命,最后靠着一座金山,就这么站着,在无余涅槃界中般涅槃。
Manussā disvā ‘‘amhākaṃ ayyo idāneva hasitvā puna paroditvā patiṭṭhito, kiṃ nu kho, bhante, amhākaṃ ayyaputtassa koci antarāyo bhavissatī’’ti taṃ pucchiṃsu. ‘‘Natthetassa antarāyo, nissaṃsayena buddho bhavissatī’’ti. ‘‘Atha kasmā, bhante, paroditthā’’ti? ‘‘Evarūpaṃ purisaṃ buddhabhūtaṃ daṭṭhuṃ na labhissāmi, ‘mahatī vata me jāni bhavissatī’ti attānaṃ anusocanto rodāmī’’ti āha. Tato so ‘‘kiṃ nu kho me ñātakesu koci ekaṃ buddhabhūtaṃ daṭṭhuṃ labhissatī’’ti upadhārento attano bhāgineyyaṃ nālakadārakaṃ addasa. So bhaginiyā gehaṃ gantvā ‘‘kahaṃ te putto nālako’’ti? ‘‘Atthi gehe, ayyā’’ti. ‘‘Pakkosāhi na’’nti pakkosāpetvā attano santikaṃ āgataṃ kumāraṃ āha – ‘‘tāta, suddhodanamahārājassa kule putto jāto, buddhaṅkuro eso, pañcatiṃsa vassāni atikkamitvā buddho bhavissati, tvaṃ etaṃ daṭṭhuṃ labhissasi, ajjeva pabbajāhī’’ti. Sattāsītikoṭidhane kule nibbattadārakopi ‘‘na maṃ mātulo anatthe niyojessatī’’ti cintetvā tāvadeva antarāpaṇato kāsāyāni ceva mattikāpattañca āharāpetvā kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā ‘‘yo loke uttamapuggalo, taṃ uddissa mayhaṃ pabbajjā’’ti bodhisattābhimukhaṃ añjaliṃ paggayha pañcapatiṭṭhitena vanditvā pattaṃ thavikāya pakkhipitvā aṃsakūṭe olaggetvā himavantaṃ pavisitvā samaṇadhammaṃ akāsi. So paramābhisambodhippattaṃ tathāgataṃ upasaṅkamitvā nālakapaṭipadaṃ kathāpetvā puna himavantaṃ pavisitvā arahattaṃ patvā ukkaṭṭhapaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno satteva māse āyuṃ pāletvā ekaṃ suvaṇṇapabbataṃ nissāya ṭhitakova anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyi.
696至于菩萨,在出生第五天,为他洗发之后,国王心想:“该给他取名了。”于是用四种姓的香熏遍王宫,撒上以炒米为首的第五种花,备好纯净不杂的乳粥,礼请了八百位通达三吠陀的婆罗门。国王请他们在王宫中就座,供以美味佳肴,极尽尊崇,并为了弄清“他将来究竟会成为怎样的人”,请他们辨识诸相。在这些博学的婆罗门当中,有——
Bodhisattampi kho pañcamadivase sīsaṃ nhāpetvā ‘‘nāmaggahaṇaṃ gaṇhissāmā’’ti rājabhavanaṃ catujjātiyagandhehi vilimpetvā lājapañcamakāni pupphāni vikiritvā asambhinnapāyāsaṃ sampādetvā tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāraṅgate aṭṭhasataṃ brāhmaṇe nimantetvā rājabhavane nisīdāpetvā subhojanaṃ bhojāpetvā mahāsakkāraṃ katvā ‘‘kiṃ nu kho bhavissatī’’ti lakkhaṇāni pariggahāpesuṃ. Tesu –
697“拉摩、达阇、拉卡那,还有曼提,以及雅那、苏波阇、苏雅摩、苏达陀;
‘‘Rāmo dhajo lakkhaṇo cāpi mantī, yañño subhojo suyāmo sudatto;
698那时,这八位婆罗门,具足六支,解说了相术。”
Ete tadā aṭṭha ahesuṃ brāhmaṇā, chaḷaṅgavā mantaṃ viyākariṃsū’’ti. (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.284) –
699就是这八位婆罗门成为观察相好的人。就连结生那天的梦,也是由他们观察的。他们当中的七个人竖起两根手指,作了两种预言:“具足这些相好的人,如果居家,将成转轮王;如果出家,将成佛。”并详细描述了转轮王的一切荣华。但是其中年纪最小的那位青年,出身憍陈如种姓,观察了菩萨的殊胜相好圆满后,心想:“这个人绝无居家的道理,他一定成为会揭开一切遮蔽的佛陀。”他仅竖起一根手指,作了一向的预言。因为他过去多作修行,是最后生的有情,以智慧超过其他七人,看清了具足这些相好的菩萨唯一确定成佛的性质,所以竖起一指,这样作了预言。然后,为他取名时,因他能成就一切世间的利益,便取了“悉达多”这个名字。
Ime aṭṭheva brāhmaṇā lakkhaṇapariggāhakā ahesuṃ. Paṭisandhiggahaṇadivase supinopi eteheva pariggahito . Tesu satta janā dve aṅguliyo ukkhipitvā dvidhā naṃ byākariṃsu – ‘‘imehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgato sace agāraṃ ajjhāvasissati, rājā bhavissati cakkavattī, sace pabbajissati, buddho bhavissatī’’ti sabbaṃ cakkavattirañño sirivibhavaṃ ācikkhiṃsu. Tesaṃ pana sabbadaharo gottato koṇḍañño nāma māṇavo bodhisattassa varalakkhaṇasampattiṃ oloketvā ‘‘imassa agāramajjhe ṭhānakāraṇaṃ natthi, ekantenesa vivaṭacchado buddho bhavissatī’’ti ekameva aṅguliṃ ukkhipitvā ekaṃsabyākaraṇaṃ byākāsi. Ayañhi katādhikāro pacchimabhavikasatto paññāya itare satta jane abhibhavitvā imehi lakkhaṇehi samannāgatassa bodhisattassa ekantabuddhabhāvasaṅkhātaṃ ekameva gahiṃ addasa, tasmā ekaṃ aṅguliṃ ukkhipitvā evaṃ byākāsi. Athassa nāmaṃ gaṇhantā sabbalokassa atthasiddhikarattā ‘‘siddhattho’’ti nāmaṃ akaṃsu.
700那时,那些婆罗门各自回到家中,对儿子们说:‘孩子们,我们年纪已老,对于净饭大王的太子证得一切知智,我们或许能恭敬承事,或许不能。你们应当在那位童子证得一切知智之后,在他的教法中出家。’那七个人各自终其一生,随业而去,只有憍陈如青年健康无病。他在大士成长后,于大出离时出家,次第行至乌汝韦喇,心里想:‘这片地方确实宜人,对于志在精勤的善男子修习精勤,实在足够。’听闻‘大人已出家’后,他前往那些婆罗门的儿子处,这样说道:‘据说悉达多太子已经出家,他无疑将成为佛陀。如果你们的父亲如今还健康,今天就会出家。如果你们也愿意,来吧,我们跟随那位大人出家。’他们全体未能同心,其中三人未出家。以憍陈如婆罗门为上首,其余四人出家。这五位便合称为五群比丘。
Atha kho te brāhmaṇā attano attano gharāni gantvā putte āmantayiṃsu – ‘‘tātā, amhe mahallakā, suddhodanamahārājassa puttaṃ sabbaññutaṃ pattaṃ mayaṃ sambhāveyyāma vā no vā, tumhe tasmiṃ kumāre sabbaññutaṃ patte tassa sāsane pabbajeyyāthā’’ti. Te sattapi janā yāvatāyukaṃ ṭhatvā yathākammaṃ gatā, koṇḍaññamāṇavoyeva pana arogo ahosi. So mahāsatte vuddhimanvāya mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitvā pabbajitvā anakkamena uruvelaṃ gantvā ‘‘ramaṇīyo vata ayaṃ bhūmibhāgo, alaṃ vatidaṃ padhānatthikassa kulaputtassa padhānāyā’’ti cittaṃ uppādetvā tattha vāsaṃ upagate ‘‘mahāpuriso pabbajito’’ti sutvā tesaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ putte upasaṅkamitvā evamāha – ‘‘siddhatthakumāro kira pabbajito, so nissaṃsayena buddho bhavissati. Sace tumhākaṃ pitaro arogā assu, ajja nikkhamitvā pabbajeyyuṃ. Sace tumhepi iccheyyātha, etha, mayaṃ taṃ mahāpurisaṃ anupabbajissāmā’’ti. Te sabbe ekacchandā bhavituṃ nāsakkhiṃsu, tesu tayo janā na pabbajiṃsu, koṇḍaññabrāhmaṇaṃ jeṭṭhakaṃ katvā itare cattāro pabbajiṃsu. Te pañcapi janā pañcavaggiyattherā nāma jātā.
701当时,净饭王问:‘我的儿子看到什么会出家?’答:‘四种前兆。’问:‘是哪几种?’答:‘老人、病人、死人、出家人。’国王说:‘从今以后,不许这等人物靠近我儿子的地方。我的儿子无需成佛,我想看到我的儿子拥有自在主权,统治四大洲及其围绕的两千小岛,成为转轮王,被三十六由旬范围的随从围绕,在天空中游历。’这样说后,为了阻止这四种相出现在童子的视线范围内,他在四方的每个半由旬处都设置了守护。在那一天,于吉祥坛场聚集的八万亲族家庭中,每一家都承诺给出一子:‘无论他是成佛还是为王,我们都给出这一个儿子。若成佛,他将由刹帝利沙门众所围绕而行;若为王,他将被刹帝利青年们前后围绕而行。’国王也为菩萨安排了具有最胜色身、断除一切过失的乳母们侍奉。菩萨以广大的随从和广大的祥瑞威光而成长。
Tadā pana suddhodanarājā – ‘‘kiṃ disvā mayhaṃ putto pabbajissatī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Cattāri pubbanimittānī’’ti. ‘‘Katarañca katarañcā’’ti? ‘‘Jarājiṇṇaṃ, byādhitaṃ, mataṃ, pabbajita’’nti. Rājā ‘‘ito paṭṭhāya evarūpānaṃ mama puttassa santikaṃ upasaṅkamituṃ mā adattha, mayhaṃ puttassa buddhabhāvena kammaṃ natthi, ahaṃ mama puttaṃ dvisahassadīpaparivārānaṃ, catunnaṃ mahādīpānaṃ, issariyādhipaccaṃ cakkavattirajjaṃ karontaṃ chattiṃsayojanaparimaṇḍalāya parisāya parivutaṃ gaganatale vicaramānaṃ passitukāmo’’ti. Evañca pana vatvā imesaṃ catuppakārānaṃ nimittānaṃ kumārassa cakkhupathe āgamananivāraṇatthaṃ catūsu disāsu gāvute gāvute ārakkhaṃ ṭhapesi. Taṃ divasañca maṅgalaṭṭhāne sannipatitesu asītiyā ñātikulasahassesu ekameko ekamekaṃ puttaṃ paṭijāni – ‘‘ayaṃ buddho vā hotu rājā vā, mayaṃ ekametaṃ puttaṃ dassāma. Sacepi buddho bhavissati, khattiyasamaṇagaṇeheva parivārito vicarissati. Sacepi rājā bhavissati, khattiyakumāreheva purakkhataparivārito vicarissatī’’ti. Rājāpi bodhisattassa uttamarūpasampannā vigatasabbadosā dhātiyo paccupaṭṭhāpesi. Bodhisatto mahantena parivārena mahantena sirisobhaggena vaḍḍhati.
702后来有一天,国王举行名为播种吉祥的仪式。那一天,整座都城被装饰得如同天城一般。所有奴仆、佣工都穿上新衣,佩戴香、花鬘等装饰,聚集在王宫。国王备办了一千具犁用于耕作,而在那天,有七百九十九具犁连同牛轭、缰绳、刺棒,都以银包饰。但国王所扶的犁则以红金包饰。牛的角、缰绳、刺棒也都是金包饰的。国王带着盛大随从出行时,也带上了儿子。在耕作之处,有一棵阎浮树,枝叶繁茂,树荫浓密。在树下为童子铺好卧具,上方让人绑好饰有金色星辰的华盖,周围用布幔围起,设置了守护。然后国王自己穿戴一切庄严,由大臣众围绕,前往犁耕之处。在那里,国王拿起金犁,大臣们拿起七百九十九具银犁,农夫们拿起其余的犁。他们拿着犁,在各处耕田。国王则从田这头到那头,又从那头回到这头。
Athekadivasaṃ rañño vappamaṅgalaṃ nāma ahosi. Taṃ divasaṃ sakalanagaraṃ devanagaraṃ viya alaṅkaronti, sabbe dāsakammakarādayo ahatavatthanivatthā gandhamālādipaṭimaṇḍitā rājakule sannipatanti, rañño kammante naṅgalasahassaṃ yojayanti, tasmiṃ pana divase ekenūnaaṭṭhasatanaṅgalāni saddhiṃ balibaddarasmiyottehi rajataparikkhatāni honti. Rañño ālambananaṅgalaṃ pana rattasuvaṇṇaparikkhataṃ hoti. Balibaddānaṃ siṅgarasmipatodāpi suvaṇṇaparikkhatāva honti. Rājā mahāparivārena nikkhamanto puttaṃ gahetvāva agamāsi. Kammantaṭṭhāne eko jamburukkho bahalapalāso sandacchāyo ahosi. Tassa heṭṭhā kumārassa sayanaṃ paññāpetvā upari suvaṇṇatārakakhacitavitānaṃ bandhāpetvā sāṇipākārena parikkhipāpetvā ārakkhaṃ ṭhapetvā rājā sabbālaṅkāraṃ alaṅkaritvā amaccagaṇaparivuto naṅgalakaraṇaṭṭhānaṃ agamāsi. Tattha rājā suvaṇṇanaṅgalaṃ gaṇhāti, amaccā ekenūnaaṭṭhasatarajatanaṅgalāni, kassakā sesanaṅgalāni. Te tāni gahetvā ito cito ca kasanti. Rājā pana orato vā pāraṃ gacchati, pārato vā oraṃ āgacchati.
703就在那里,出现了大祥瑞。围绕菩萨坐着的乳母们,为了去看国王的祥瑞,走出布幔外面。菩萨向四处观看,看不到任何人,便迅速起身,盘腿结跏趺座,专注入出息,证入了初禅。乳母们在硬食、软食间来回忙碌,稍微耽搁了一会儿。其他树的树荫都已经移过,但那棵阎浮树的树荫却保持圆整,停住不动。乳母们心想‘小主人独自一人’,急忙掀开布幔进去,看见菩萨在卧具上盘腿坐着,并见到了那种神变,于是就去禀告国王说:‘大王,王子就这样坐着,其他树的树荫都移走了,唯独阎浮树的树荫圆整地停住。’国王急忙赶来,看到神变,便礼敬儿子说:‘孩子,这是对你的第二次敬礼。’
Etasmiṃ ṭhāne mahāsampatti ahosi. Bodhisattaṃ parivāretvā nisinnā dhātiyo ‘‘rañño sampattiṃ passāmā’’ti antosāṇito bahi nikkhantā. Bodhisatto ito cito ca olokento kañci adisvāva vegena uṭṭhāya pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā ānāpāne pariggahetvā paṭhamajjhānaṃ nibbattesi. Dhātiyo khajjabhojjantare vicaramānā thokaṃ cirāyiṃsu. Sesarukkhānaṃ chāyā vītivattā, tassa pana jamburukkhassa chāyā parimaṇḍalā hutvā aṭṭhāsi. Dhātiyo ‘‘ayyaputto ekako’’ti vegena sāṇiṃ ukkhipitvā anto pavisamānā bodhisattaṃ sayane pallaṅkena nisinnaṃ tañca pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā gantvā rañño ārocesuṃ – ‘‘deva, kumāro evaṃ nisinno, aññesaṃ rukkhānaṃ chāyā vītivattā, jamburukkhassa pana chāyā parimaṇḍalā ṭhitā’’ti. Rājā vegenāgantvā pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ te, tāta, dutiyavandanā’’ti puttaṃ vandi.
704后来,菩萨渐渐长到十六岁。国王为菩萨建造了三座与三季相应的适宜宫殿——一座九层,一座七层,一座五层,并安排了四万名舞女前来侍奉。菩萨犹如天子被天女众围绕,被盛装的舞女们环绕,由没有男子的乐器演奏侍奉,随应季节顺序,住在三座宫殿中享受大成就。而罗睺罗的母亲则成为他的正妃。
Atha anukkamena bodhisatto soḷasavassuddesiko jāto. Rājā bodhisattassa tiṇṇaṃ utūnaṃ anucchavike tayo pāsāde kāresi – ekaṃ navabhūmikaṃ, ekaṃ sattabhūmikaṃ, ekaṃ pañcabhūmikaṃ, cattālīsasahassā ca nāṭakitthiyo upaṭṭhāpesi. Bodhisatto devo viya accharāsaṅghaparivuto alaṅkatanāṭakitthīhi parivuto nippurisehi tūriyehi paricāriyamāno mahāsampattiṃ anubhavanto utuvārena tīsu pāsādesu vihāsi. Rāhulamātā panassa devī aggamahesī ahosi.
705当菩萨这样享受着大祥瑞时,有一天,在亲族集会中,生起了这样的议论:‘悉达多只知沉迷于玩乐,什么技艺也不学;一旦战事临前,他该怎么办?’国王把菩萨召来,说:‘孩子,你的亲族们说“悉达多什么技艺也不学,只知沉迷于玩乐”;对此,当敌人来临时,你觉得该怎么办?’菩萨回答:‘大王,我无需去学习技艺。请让人在城里击鼓通告,我会在第七天向亲族们展示我的技艺。’国王照办了。菩萨召集了穿发射手、穿毛射手等持弓箭者,在大众之中,向亲族们展示了别人都做不到的十二种技艺。这应当按《萨拉邦伽本生》中所说的方法来理解。当时,他的亲族集会才变得无疑惑。
Tassevaṃ mahāsampattiṃ anubhavantassa ekadivasaṃ ñātisaṅghassa abbhantare ayaṃ kathā udapādi – ‘‘siddhattho kīḷāpasutova vicarati, na kiñci sippaṃ sikkhati, saṅgāme paccupaṭṭhite kiṃ karissatī’’ti? Rājā bodhisattaṃ pakkosāpetvā ‘‘tāta, tava ñātakā ‘siddhattho kiñci sippaṃ asikkhitvā kīḷāpasutova vicaratī’ti vadanti, ettha kiṃ sattu pattakāle maññasī’’ti? ‘‘Deva, mama sippaṃ sikkhanakiccaṃ natthi, nagare mama sippadassanatthaṃ bheriṃ carāpetha ‘ito sattame divase ñātakānaṃ sippaṃ dassessāmī’’’ti. Rājā tathā akāsi. Bodhisatto akkhaṇavedhivālavedhidhanuggahe sannipātāpetvā mahājanassa majjhe aññehi dhanuggahehi asādhāraṇaṃ ñātakānaṃ dvādasavidhaṃ sippaṃ dassesi. Taṃ sarabhaṅgajātake āgatanayeneva veditabbaṃ. Tadā tassa ñātisaṅgho nikkaṅkho ahosi.
706又有一天,菩萨想去游乐园,便招呼车夫说:“把车备好。”车夫应了一声“是”,便将一辆价值昂贵、最为殊胜的宝车用一切庄严具装饰起来,又套上四匹吉祥的、毛色如睡莲叶般的良马,然后禀报菩萨。菩萨登上了这辆犹如天宫般的宝车,向着游乐园出发。诸天心想:“悉达多太子觉悟成佛的时机快到了,我们该为他示现前兆。”于是便变化出一位天子,示现成一个老人:牙齿残缺,头发灰白,弯腰驼背,身体佝偻,手里拄着拐杖,步履蹒跚。菩萨和车夫都看见了。接着,菩萨依照《大本行经》中所叙述的方法,问车夫:“朋友,这是个什么人?他的头发怎么跟别人不一样?”听了车夫的回答后,他心里生起惊悚:“唉!这‘出生’真是可厌啊,因为凡是已出生的人,衰老都必然会显现。”他当即从那里折返回去,径直回到了宫殿。国王问:“我儿子为什么这么快就回来了?”侍从回答:“因为看见了一位老人,大王。”国王说:“都说看到老人他就会出家;你们为什么欺瞒我?快去给我儿子准备歌舞演艺,让他充分享受欲乐,这样他就不会想起出家了。”说完,便增强了守卫,在每个方向的每隔半由旬处,都设置了岗哨。
Athekadivasaṃ bodhisatto uyyānabhūmiṃ gantukāmo sārathiṃ āmantetvā ‘‘rathaṃ yojehī’’ti āha. So ‘‘sādhū’’ti paṭissuṇitvā mahārahaṃ uttamarathaṃ sabbālaṅkārena alaṅkaritvā kumudapattavaṇṇe cattāro maṅgalasindhave yojetvā bodhisattassa paṭivedesi. Bodhisatto devavimānasadisaṃ rathaṃ abhiruhitvā uyyānābhimukho agamāsi. Devatā ‘‘siddhatthakumārassa abhisambujjhanakālo āsanno, pubbanimittaṃ dassessāmā’’ti ekaṃ devaputtaṃ jarājiṇṇaṃ khaṇḍadantaṃ palitakesaṃ vaṅkaṃ obhaggasarīraṃ daṇḍahatthaṃ pavedhamānaṃ katvā dassesuṃ. Taṃ bodhisatto ceva sārathi ca passanti. Tato bodhisatto, ‘‘samma, ko nāmesa puriso, kesāpissa na yathā aññesa’’nti mahāpadāne (dī. ni. 2.45) āgatanayena sārathiṃ pucchitvā tassa vacanaṃ sutvā ‘‘dhiratthu vata, bho, jāti , yatra hi nāma jātassa jarā paññāyissatī’’ti saṃviggahadayo tatova paṭinivattitvā pāsādameva abhiruhi. Rājā ‘‘kiṃ kāraṇā mama putto khippaṃ paṭinivattī’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Jiṇṇapurisaṃ disvā, devā’’ti. ‘‘Jiṇṇakaṃ disvā pabbajissatīti āhaṃsu, kasmā maṃ nāsetha, sīghaṃ puttassa nāṭakāni sajjetha, sampattiṃ anubhavanto pabbajjāya satiṃ na karissatī’’ti vatvā ārakkhaṃ vaḍḍhetvā sabbadisāsu addhayojane addhayojane ārakkhaṃ ṭhapesi.
707又有一天,菩萨同样前往游乐园,途中看见诸天所化现的一位病人,便按照先前的方式询问,心中生起惊悚,又折返回了宫殿。国王问明原因后,依照前面说过的方法安排,并进一步扩大警戒范围,在方圆三由旬的区域内设置了守卫。在另一个日子里,菩萨还是如此前往游乐园,看到了诸天所化现的一具死尸,同样按照先前的方式询问,心中悚惧,再一次返回了宫殿。国王问后,又依照前面说过的方法安排,再一次扩大范围,在方圆一由旬的区域内都设置了守卫。后来有一天,菩萨依然前往游乐园,却看见诸天所化现的一位衣着整齐、披覆得体的出家人。菩萨便问车夫:“朋友,这个人称作什么?”车夫虽然因为还没有佛出现于世,并不认识出家人,也不了解出家的功德,但凭借诸天的神力,他回答道:“这位称为出家人,大王。”并称叹出家的种种功德。菩萨心中对出家生起了好乐,那天他仍然去了游乐园。不过,长部诵者却说:“他在一天之中就目睹了全部四种相,然后才去游乐园的。”
Punekadivasaṃ bodhisatto tatheva uyyānaṃ gacchanto devatābhinimmitaṃ byādhitaṃ purisaṃ disvā purimanayeneva pucchitvā saṃviggahadayo nivattitvā pāsādaṃ abhiruhi. Rājāpi pucchitvā heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva saṃvidahitvā puna vaḍḍhetvā samantā tigāvutappamāṇe padese ārakkhaṃ ṭhapesi. Aparampi ekadivasaṃ bodhisatto tatheva uyyānaṃ gacchanto devatābhinimmitaṃ kālaṅkataṃ disvā purimanayeneva pucchitvā saṃviggahadayo puna nivattitvā pāsādaṃ abhiruhi. Rājāpi pucchitvā heṭṭhā vuttanayeneva saṃvidahitvā puna vaḍḍhetvā samantato yojanappamāṇe padese ārakkhaṃ ṭhapesi. Aparaṃ panekadivasaṃ uyyānaṃ gacchanto tatheva devatābhinimmitaṃ sunivatthaṃ supārutaṃ pabbajitaṃ disvā ‘‘ko nāmeso sammā’’hi sārathiṃ pucchi. Sārathi kiñcāpi buddhuppādassa abhāvā pabbajitaṃ vā pabbajitaguṇe vā na jānāti, devatānubhāvena pana ‘‘pabbajito nāmāyaṃ, devā’’ti vatvā pabbajjāya guṇe vaṇṇesi. Bodhisatto pabbajjāya ruciṃ uppādetvā taṃ divasaṃ uyyānaṃ agamāsi. Dīghabhāṇakā panāhu – ‘‘cattāripi nimittāni ekadivaseneva disvā agamāsī’’ti.
708菩萨在游乐园里消遣了白天的时光,又到吉祥池塘中沐浴。等到日落,他坐在吉祥石板座上,想要让人为自己装扮。那时,侍奉他的仆役们拿着各种颜色的衣料、各式各样的装饰品,还有花鬘、香和涂香等,团团围绕着他站立。就在这一刻,帝释天的座位忽然发热了。他观察道:“是谁想把我从这个位子上挤下去?”当知道是菩萨想要让人为自己装扮时,便召唤毗首羯摩:“朋友毗首羯摩,悉达多太子今天午夜将行大出离,这是他最后的装扮了。你去游乐园,用天界的庄严器具为那位大人装饰吧。”毗首羯摩答应“好”,藉着神力,一刹那间就来到菩萨面前,化现成菩萨理发师的模样,用天衣缠裹起菩萨的头。菩萨仅凭手的触感,就知道“这人不是凡人,是一位天子”。缠裹的时候,才刚把头包好,发髻之中便像摩尼宝珠放光一样,涌出了千件衣料;再缠裹一层,又涌出千件;这样缠裹了十次,总共涌出上万件衣料。不应该想:“头那么小,衣料那么多,怎么能涌出来呢?”原来,这些衣料中,最大的只有余甘子花那样大小,其余的都只如团花一般。菩萨的头,看上去就像被精致的金丝绣覆盖着的美丽花朵一样。
So tattha divasabhāgaṃ kīḷitvā maṅgalapokkharaṇiyaṃ nhāyitvā atthaṅgate sūriye maṅgalasilāpaṭṭe nisīdi attānaṃ alaṅkārāpetukāmo, athassa paricārakapurisā nānāvaṇṇāni dussāni nānappakārā ābharaṇavikatiyo mālāgandhavilepanāni ca ādāya samantā parivāretvā aṭṭhaṃsu. Tasmiṃ khaṇe sakkassa nisinnāsanaṃ uṇhaṃ ahosi. So ‘‘ko nu kho maṃ imamhā ṭhānā cāvetukāmosī’’ti upadhārento bodhisattassa alaṅkāretukāmataṃ ñatvā vissakammaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘samma vissakamma, siddhatthakumāro ajja aḍḍharattasamaye mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamissati, ayamassa pacchimo alaṅkāro, tvaṃ uyyānaṃ gantvā mahāpurisaṃ dibbālaṅkārehi alaṅkarohī’’ti. So ‘‘sādhū’’ti paṭissuṇitvā devānubhāvena taṅkhaṇaññeva bodhisattaṃ upasaṅkamitvā tasseva kappakasadiso hutvā dibbadussena bodhisattassa sīsaṃ veṭhesi. Bodhisatto hatthasamphasseneva ‘‘nāmaṃ manusso, devaputto aya’’nti aññāsi. Veṭhanena veṭhitamatte sīse moḷiyaṃ maṇiratanākārena dussasahassaṃ abbhuggañchi, puna veṭhentassa dussasahassanti dasakkhattuṃ veṭhentassa dasa dussasahassāni abbhuggacchiṃsu. ‘‘Sīsaṃ khuddakaṃ, dussāni bahūni , kathaṃ abbhuggatānī’’ti na cintetabbaṃ. Tesu hi sabbamahantaṃ āmalakapupphappamāṇaṃ, avasesāni kadambakapupphappamāṇāni ahesuṃ. Bodhisattassa sīsaṃ kiñjakkhagavacchitaṃ viya kuyyakapupphaṃ ahosi.
709接着,当菩萨被一切庄严具打扮得焕然一新时,周围的所有乐师都各自奏起乐器,展示出精妙的才艺;婆罗门们说着“愿您得胜”等颂词,善于吟诵吉祥的人们也用种种吉祥话语和赞颂的声音来表达敬意。菩萨登上了那辆用一切庄严具装饰的宝车。就在这时,净饭大王听说“罗睺罗的母亲生了一个儿子”,便派使者传话说:“去把这个喜讯禀报我儿子。”菩萨听后,说道:“罗睺出现了,束缚出现了。”国王问:“我儿子说了什么?”听到这句话后,便说:“从今以后,我的孙子就叫罗睺罗王子吧。”
Athassa sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitassa sabbatālāvacaresu sakāni sakāni paṭibhānāni dassayantesu, brāhmaṇesu ‘‘jayanandā’’tiādivacanehi, sutamaṅgalikādīsu ca nānappakārehi maṅgalavacanatthutighosehi sambhāventesu sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ taṃ rathavaraṃ abhiruhi. Tasmiṃ samaye ‘‘rāhulamātā puttaṃ vijātā’’ti sutvā suddhodanamahārājā ‘‘puttassa me tuṭṭhiṃ nivedethā’’ti sāsanaṃ pahiṇi. Bodhisatto taṃ sutvā ‘‘rāhu jāto, bandhanaṃ jāta’’nti āha. Rājā ‘‘kiṃ me putto avacā’’ti pucchitvā taṃ vacanaṃ sutvā ‘‘ito paṭṭhāya me nattā ‘rāhulakumāro’tveva nāma hotū’’ti āha.
710菩萨登上庄严宝车,凭借着极其盛大的威势和极其悦目的祥光,进入了城里。那时,一位名叫翅舍·乔达弥的刹帝利族少女,正站在楼阁顶层殿堂的高处,看到菩萨正在绕城行右旋礼,姿容光辉,她心中生起喜悦与满足,发出了以下感兴语:
Bodhisattopi kho rathavaraṃ āruyha atimahantena yasena atimanoramena sirisobhaggena nagaraṃ pāvisi. Tasmiṃ samaye kisāgotamī nāma khattiyakaññā uparipāsādavaratalagatā nagaraṃ padakkhiṇaṃ kurumānassa bodhisattassa rūpasiriṃ disvā pītisomanassajātā imaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –
711“那位母亲必定是得大寂灭者,那位父亲必定是得大寂灭者;
‘‘Nibbutā nūna sā mātā, nibbuto nūna so pitā;
712那拥有这样丈夫的女子,她必定是寂灭清凉的吧。
Nibbutā nūna sā nārī, yassāyaṃ īdiso patī’’ti. (dha. sa. aṭṭha. nidānakathā); –
713菩萨听到那话后,便思惟道:“她这样说:‘见到这样美好的有身,母亲的心变得寂灭清凉,父亲的心变得寂灭清凉,妻子的心也变得寂灭清凉。’那么,到底在什么寂灭的时候,心才算真正寂灭呢?”那时,他对于烦恼早已心生厌离,便这样想:“当贪欲之火熄灭时,就称为寂灭;当嗔恚之火熄灭时,就称为寂灭;当愚痴之火熄灭时,就称为寂灭;当慢、见等一切烦恼的尘垢都熄灭时,就称为寂灭。”他又想:“她让我听到了善妙的言音。我本来就是为了寻找涅槃而四处游历,今天我就该抛弃居家生活,离家去出家,去寻求涅槃。这番话是她应得的一份老师之礼。”于是他从颈上解下价值十万的珍珠项链,送给了翅舍·乔达弥。她想:“悉达多太子对我动了爱恋之心,特意送来赠礼。”心里生起了喜悦。
Bodhisatto taṃ sutvā cintesi – ‘‘ayaṃ evamāha – ‘evarūpaṃ attabhāvaṃ passantiyā mātu hadayaṃ nibbāyati, pitu hadayaṃ nibbāyati, pajāpatiyā hadayaṃ nibbāyatī’ti. Kismiṃ nu kho nibbute hadayaṃ nibbutaṃ nāma hotī’’ti. Athassa kilesesu virattamanassa etadahosi – ‘‘rāgaggimhi nibbute nibbutaṃ nāma hoti, dosaggimhi nibbute nibbutaṃ nāma hoti, mohaggimhi nibbute nibbutaṃ nāma hoti, mānadiṭṭhiādīsu sabbakilesadarathesu nibbutesu nibbutaṃ nāma hotī’’ti. ‘‘Ayaṃ me sussavanaṃ sāveti, ahañhi nibbānaṃ gavesanto vicarāmi, ajjeva mayā gharāvāsaṃ chaḍḍetvā nikkhamma pabbajitvā nibbānaṃ gavesituṃ vaṭṭati, ayaṃ imissā ācariyabhāgo hotū’’ti kaṇṭhato omuñcitvā kisāgotamiyā satasahassagghanakaṃ muttāhāraṃ pesesi. Sā ‘‘siddhatthakumāro mayi paṭibaddhacitto hutvā paṇṇākāraṃ pesetī’’ti somanassajātā ahosi.
714菩萨也以大庄严的祥光相好登上了自己的宫殿,躺在华丽的床座上。就在那时,那些佩戴着一切华美饰物、在歌舞等方面训练有素、姿色如同天女般殊胜的舞女们,手持种种乐器团团围绕着他,为了使他欢喜,就奏起歌舞音乐来。菩萨因为对烦恼已经生起了厌离之心,对歌舞等娱乐根本不觉得快乐,所以片刻便睡着了。那些女子心想:「我们是为了取悦他才歌舞的,他却睡着了,现在我们何必再劳累呢?」于是就把各自拿着的乐器丢在一旁,纷纷卧倒在地,香油灯的灯火依然在燃烧。菩萨醒来后,在床座上结跏趺坐,看见那些女子丢弃乐器,睡态丑露:有的流着口水,有的身体湿漉漉的,有的在磨牙,有的在打鼾,有的在说梦话,有的张着嘴,有的衣服脱落,露出了种种令人厌恶的私密之处。他看到她们这般丑态,对「欲乐」就更加生起了厌离的心。他那座装饰整齐、如同帝释天宫一般华美的广大殿堂,在他看来就像堆满了种种尸体的露天墓地一样;「三有」如同着火的房屋一般在他面前显现。他发出这样的感叹:「真是被逼迫摧残啊!真是被侵袭压迫啊!」他的心极度倾向于出家。
Bodhisattopi mahantena sirisobhaggena attano pāsādaṃ abhiruhitvā sirisayane nipajji. Tāvadeva ca naṃ sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitā naccagītādīsu susikkhitā devakaññā viya rūpasobhaggappattā nāṭakitthiyo nānātūriyāni gahetvā samparivāretvā abhiramāpentiyo naccagītavāditāni payojayiṃsu. Bodhisatto kilesesu virattacittatāya naccādīsu anabhirato muhuttaṃ niddaṃ okkami. Tāpi itthiyo ‘‘yassatthāya mayaṃ naccādīni payojema, so niddaṃ upagato, idāni kimatthaṃ kilamissāmā’’ti gahitagahitāni tūriyāni ajjhottharitvā nipajjiṃsu, gandhatelappadīpā jhāyanti. Bodhisatto pabujjhitvā sayanapiṭṭhe pallaṅkena nisinno addasa tā itthiyo tūriyabhaṇḍāni avattharitvā niddāyantiyo – ekaccā paggharitakheḷā, kilinnagattā, ekaccā dante khādantiyo, ekaccā kākacchantiyo, ekaccā vippalapantiyo, ekaccā vivaṭamukhī, ekaccā apagatavatthā pākaṭabībhacchasambādhaṭṭhānā. So tāsaṃ taṃ vippakāraṃ disvā bhiyyosomattāya kāmesu virattacitto ahosi. Tassa alaṅkatapaṭiyattaṃ sakkabhavanasadisampi taṃ mahātalaṃ vividhanānākuṇapabharitaṃ āmakasusānaṃ viya upaṭṭhāsi, tayo bhavā ādittagehasadisā khādiṃsu – ‘‘upaddutaṃ vata, bho, upassaṭṭhaṃ vata, bho’’ti udānaṃ pavattesi, ativiyassa pabbajjāya cittaṃ nami.
715他想:「今天我就应该出发,行此伟大的出离。」于是他从床座起身,走到门边,问道:「谁在这里?」车匿头枕着门槛躺着,回答说:「是我,王子,车匿。」他说:「今天我要行伟大的出离,为我备好一匹马。」车匿说:「是,殿下。」便拿了马具,到马厩去。在那里,香油灯正点着,在美丽的素馨花华盖之下,在令人悦意的地面上,他看见了良马犍陟。车匿心想:「今天我就该为它上鞍。」于是便为犍陟上鞍。犍陟在被上鞍的时候,就明白了:「这次上鞍格外郑重,跟往常要去游玩时不同,我的王子今天一定是要行伟大的出离了。」它因此心生欢喜,发出大笑。那笑声本会传遍整座城市,然而诸天以神力制止了它,不让任何人听见。
So ‘‘ajjeva mayā mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamituṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti sayanā vuṭṭhāya dvārasamīpaṃ gantvā ‘‘ko etthā’’ti āha. Ummāre sīsaṃ katvā nipanno channo – ‘‘ahaṃ, ayyaputta, channo’’ti āha. ‘‘Ajjāhaṃ mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitukāmo, ekaṃ me assaṃ kappehī’’ti āha. So ‘‘sādhu, devā’’ti assabhaṇḍakaṃ gahetvā assasālaṃ gantvā gandhatelappadīpesu jalantesu sumanapaṭṭavitānassa heṭṭhā ramaṇīye bhūmibhāge ṭhitaṃ kaṇḍakaṃ assarājānaṃ disvā ‘‘ajja mayā imameva kappetuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti kaṇḍakaṃ kappesi. So kappiyamānova aññāsi ‘‘ayaṃ kappanā ativiya gāḷhā, aññesu divasesu uyyānakīḷādigamanakāle kappanā viya na hoti , mayhaṃ ayyaputto ajja mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhamitukāmo bhavissatī’’ti. Tato tuṭṭhamānaso mahāhasitaṃ hasi, so saddo sakalanagaraṃ pattharitvā gaccheyya. Devatā pana naṃ sannirumbhitvā na kassaci sotuṃ adaṃsu.
716菩萨在派了车匿之后,心想:「暂且让我见一见儿子吧。」于是从结跏趺座起身,前往罗睺罗母亲的住处,打开了卧房门。那时,房内香油的灯火正燃着,罗睺罗的母亲睡在撒满了素馨花、茉莉花等花瓣堆的床座上,手放在儿子的头顶。菩萨将脚踏在门槛上,就这么站着凝视,心想:「如果我把王妃的手挪开,去抱我的儿子,王妃就会醒来,这样我的出离就会有障碍。待我成佛之后再回来见儿子吧。」于是他从高楼下去了。至于《本生注》中所说的「那时罗睺罗王子出生才七天」,这在其馀注疏中是找不到的,因此应以这里所说的为准。
Bodhisattopi kho channaṃ pesetvāva ‘‘puttaṃ tāva passissāmī’’ti cintetvā nisinnapallaṅkato uṭṭhāya rāhulamātuyā vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā gabbhadvāraṃ vivari. Tasmiṃ khaṇe antogabbhe gandhatelappadīpo jhāyati, rāhulamātā sumanamallikādīnaṃ pupphānaṃ ambaṇamattena abhippakiṇṇe sayane puttassa matthake hatthaṃ ṭhapetvā niddāyati. Bodhisatto ummāre pādaṃ ṭhapetvā ṭhitakova oloketvā ‘‘sacāhaṃ deviyā hatthaṃ apanetvā mama puttaṃ gaṇhissāmi, devī pabujjhissati, evaṃ me gamanantarāyo bhavissati, buddho hutvāva āgantvā puttaṃ passissāmī’’ti pāsādatalato otari. Yaṃ pana jātakaṭṭhakathāyaṃ ‘‘tadā sattāhajāto rāhulakumāro hotī’’ti vuttaṃ, taṃ sesaṭṭhakathāsu natthi, tasmā idameva gahetabbaṃ.
717就这样,菩萨从高楼下来,走到马旁,对它说:「亲爱的犍陟,今天这一夜你载我渡过,我倚仗你成佛之后,将度脱包含天人在内的世间。」然后他跃上犍陟的背。犍陟从颈算起,身长十八肘,具有与其相称的身高,充满力量与速度,全身纯白,如同磨净的白螺壳。它如果发出嘶笑或踏蹄出声,声音必会遍满全城,因此诸天以神力制止了它的嘶笑声,并在它一步一步举足踏下时,用手掌垫在它的蹄下。菩萨坐在这匹宝马背脊的中央,让车匿抓住马尾,于夜半时分,到达了皇宫大城门附近。那时,国王曾作安排:「这样一来,我儿子在任何时候都无法打开城门出走了。」于是两扇城门各需一千人才能推开。然而菩萨本身就具足大力,若以象力计算,他具有千亿头大象的力量;若以人力计算,他具有百千万人的力量。他心想:「倘若城门不开,我今天就坐在犍陟背上,同抓着马尾站在那里的车匿一道,用双腿夹紧犍陟,跃过这十八肘高的城墙。」车匿也想:「倘若城门不开,我就让我的主人王子坐在我的肩上,用右手环抱着犍陟的腹部,把它挟在腋下,跃过城墙。」犍陟也想:「倘若城门不开,我就那样载着主人坐在背上,连同抓着我的尾巴站着的车匿一起托起,跃过城墙。」假如城门没开,三者中的任何一个,都确实会如其心想那样做到。但是,守护城门的诸天开启了城门。
Evaṃ bodhisatto pāsādatalā otaritvā assasamīpaṃ gantvā evamāha – ‘‘tāta kaṇḍaka, tvaṃ ajja ekarattiṃ maṃ tāraya, ahaṃ taṃ nissāya buddho hutvā sadevakaṃ lokaṃ tārayissāmī’’ti. Tato ullaṅghitvā kaṇḍakassa piṭṭhiṃ abhiruhi. Kaṇḍako gīvato paṭṭhāya āyāmena aṭṭhārasahattho hoti, tadanucchavikena ubbedhena samannāgato thāmajavasampanno sabbaseto dhotasaṅkhasadiso. So sace haseyya vā padasaddaṃ vā kareyya, saddo sakalanagaraṃ avatthareyya, tasmā devatā attano ānubhāvena tassa yathā na koci suṇāti, evaṃ hasitasaddaṃ sannirumbhitvā akkamanaakkamanapadavāre hatthatalāni upanāmesuṃ. Bodhisatto assavarassa piṭṭhivemajjhagato channaṃ assassa vāladhiṃ gāhāpetvā aḍḍharattasamaye mahādvārasamīpaṃ patto. Tadā pana rājā ‘‘evaṃ mama putto yāya kāyaci velāya nagaradvāraṃ vivaritvā nikkhamituṃ na sakkhissatī’’ti dvīsu dvārakavāṭesu ekekaṃ purisasahassena vivaritabbaṃ kāresi. Bodhisatto pana thāmabalasampanno hatthigaṇanāya koṭisahassahatthīnaṃ balaṃ dhāresi, purisagaṇanāya dasakoṭisahassapurisānaṃ balaṃ dhāresi. So cintesi – ‘‘sace dvāraṃ na vivariyyati, ajja kaṇḍakassa piṭṭhe nisinnova vāladhiṃ gahetvā ṭhitena channena saddhiṃyeva kaṇḍakaṃ ūruhi nippīḷetvā aṭṭhārasahatthubbedhaṃ pākāraṃ uppatitvā atikkamissāmī’’ti. Channopi cintesi – ‘‘sace dvāraṃ na vivariyyati, ahaṃ attano sāmikaṃ ayyaputtaṃ khandhe nisīdāpetvā kaṇḍakaṃ dakkhiṇena hatthena kucchiyaṃ parikkhipanto upakacchantare katvā pākāraṃ uppatitvā atikkamissāmī’’ti. Kaṇḍakopi cintesi – ‘‘sace dvāraṃ na vivariyyati, ahaṃ attano sāmikaṃ piṭṭhe yathānisinnameva channena vāladhiṃ gahetvā ṭhitena saddhiṃyeva ukkhipitvā pākāraṃ uppatitvā atikkamissāmī’’ti. Sace dvāraṃ na vivareyya, yathācintitameva tesu tīsu janesu aññataro sampādeyya. Dvāre pana adhivatthā devatā dvāraṃ vivari.
718就在那时,恶魔波旬心想:「我要让菩萨回头。」便来到虚空中站着,说道:「贤者,不要出走。从今天起的第七日,轮宝将会出现在你面前,你将统治有二千小岛环绕的四大洲之王位。回去吧,贤者。」菩萨问:「你是谁?」「我是他化自在天。」菩萨说:「魔罗,我自然知道轮宝会为我出现,但我对王位毫无希求。我必将震动十千世界而成佛。」魔罗说:「从今以后,在你生起欲寻思、嗔恚寻思或害寻思的时候,我自然就会知道了。」为了寻找可乘之机,他如影随形地跟随着。
Tasmiṃyeva khaṇe māro pāpimā ‘‘bodhisattaṃ nivattessāmī’’ti āgantvā ākāse ṭhito āha – ‘‘mārisa, mā nikkhami, ito te sattame divase cakkaratanaṃ pātubhavissati, dvisahassaparittadīpaparivārānaṃ catunnaṃ mahādīpānaṃ rajjaṃ kāressasi, nivatta, mārisā’’ti. ‘‘Kosi tva’’nti? ‘‘Ahaṃ vasavattī’’ti. ‘‘Māra, jānāmahaṃ mayhaṃ cakkaratanassa pātubhāvaṃ, anatthikohaṃ rajjena, dasasahassilokadhātuṃ unnādetvā buddho bhavissāmī’’ti āha. Māro ‘‘ito dāni te paṭṭhāya kāmavitakkaṃ vā byāpādavitakkaṃ vā vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ vā cintitakāle jānissāmī’’ti otārāpekkho chāyā viya anugacchanto anubandhi.
719菩萨也把已经到手的转轮王王位,像唾沫一样毫无贪恋地舍弃了,便以宏大的尊荣,出离了城市。这日是阿沙荼月的满月日,正值后阿沙荼星宿当值之时。出城之后,他想再回头望城一眼。就在他心中刚刚生起这个念头的时候,大地仿佛在说:「大人,你不应当作出转身回顾的行为。」于是大地如同陶工的转盘一样,断裂并旋转了过来。菩萨于是面向城市站立,眺望城市,随后就在那块地上,示现了「犍陟回转塔」的所在地,并将犍陟转向应行之道,以宏大的尊荣、雄大的祥光相好,向前进发。据传,那时诸天在他前方持着六万火炬,后方也拿着六万,右侧拿着六万,左侧拿着六万。另有在轮围山口的无量诸天持着火炬。还有诸天以及龙、金翅鸟等,以天界的香、花、香粉、熏香一路供养而行,空中绵绵不绝地降下波利质多罗树花和曼陀罗花,就像浓云降雨时的水线一样。天乐奏起,四面八方,八种乐器、六十种乐器,共六十八万种乐器齐鸣。这乐声,犹如大海之腹中雷鸣之时,又犹如山谷之腹中海啸之时。
Bodhisattopi hatthagataṃ cakkavattirajjaṃ kheḷapiṇḍaṃ viya anapekkho chaḍḍetvā mahantena sakkārena nagarā nikkhami. Āsāḷhipuṇṇamāya uttarāsāḷhanakkhatte vattamāne, nikkhamitvā ca puna nagaraṃ apaloketukāmo jāto. Evañca panassa citte uppannamatteyeva – ‘‘mahāpurisa, na tayā nivattetvā olokanakammaṃ kata’’nti vadamānā viya mahāpathavī kulālacakkaṃ viya chijjitvā parivatti. Bodhisatto nagarābhimukho ṭhatvā nagaraṃ oloketvā tasmiṃ pathavippadese kaṇḍakanivattanacetiyaṭṭhānaṃ dassetvā gantabbamaggābhimukhaṃ kaṇḍakaṃ katvā pāyāsi mahantena sakkārena uḷārena sirisobhaggena. Tadā kirassa devatā purato saṭṭhi ukkāsahassāni dhārayiṃsu, pacchato saṭṭhi , dakkhiṇapassato saṭṭhi, vāmapassato saṭṭhīti. Aparā devatā cakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ aparimāṇā ukkā dhārayiṃsu. Aparā devatā ca nāgasupaṇṇādayo ca dibbehi gandhehi mālāhi cuṇṇehi dhūpehi pūjayamānā gacchanti, pāricchattakapupphehi ceva mandāravapupphehi ca ghanameghavuṭṭhikāle dhārāhi viya nabhaṃ nirantaraṃ ahosi, dibbāni saṃgītāni pavattiṃsu , samantato aṭṭha tūriyāni, saṭṭhi tūriyānīti aṭṭhasaṭṭhi tūriyasatasahassāni pavattayiṃsu. Tesaṃ saddo samuddakucchiyaṃ meghadhanitakālo viya, yugandharakucchiyaṃ sāgaranigghosakālo viya ca vattati.
720菩萨以这般祥光相好而行,仅在一夜之间,就跨越了三个王国,抵达了三十由旬之外的阿诺玛河岸。可是,难道那匹马就没办法再往前走了吗?不是不能。那匹马其实能够像碾踏过以脐为轴而转动的轮辋那样,在整个轮围世界内无休无止地奔驰,并在清晨之前赶回来,进食它自己那份备好的食物。只是那时,天神、龙、金翅鸟等停在空中,撒下的香花等物覆盖了马的身体直到大腿部位,要拉扯并斩断那结成网状的香花鬘会非常拖延,因此只走了三十由旬。接着,菩萨站在河岸上问车匿:「这条河叫什么名字?」车匿答:「殿下,叫阿诺玛。」菩萨说:「我们的出家也必定会是阿诺玛(无上)的。」他用脚踵轻触,向马示意。犍陟便飞身一跃,落在了有八牛呼那么宽的河流对岸。
Iminā sirisobhaggena gacchanto bodhisatto ekaratteneva tīṇi rajjāni atikkamma tiṃsayojanamatthake anomānadītīraṃ pāpuṇi. Kiṃ pana asso tato paraṃ gantuṃ na sakkotīti? No na sakkoti. So hi ekaṃ cakkavāḷagabbhaṃ nābhiyā ṭhitacakkassa nemivaṭṭiṃ maddanto viya antantena caritvā purepātarāsameva āgantvā attano sampāditaṃ bhattaṃ bhuñjituṃ samattho. Tadā pana devanāgasupaṇṇādīhi ākāse ṭhatvā ossaṭṭhehi gandhamālādīhi yāva ūruppadesā sañchannasarīraṃ ākaḍḍhitvā gandhamālājaṭaṃ chindantassa atipapañco ahosi, tasmā tiṃsayojanamattameva agamāsi. Atha bodhisatto nadītīre ṭhatvā channaṃ pucchi – ‘‘kā nāma ayaṃ nadī’’ti? ‘‘Anomā nāma, devā’’ti. ‘‘Amhākampi pabbajjā anomā bhavissatī’’ti paṇhiyā ghaṭṭento assassa saññaṃ adāsi. Asso ca uppatitvā aṭṭhusabhavitthārāya nadiyā pārimatīre aṭṭhāsi.
721菩萨从马背上下来,站在犹如银板般的沙滩上,对车匿说:‘贤友车匿,你带着我的饰物和犍陟马回去吧,我要出家了。’车匿说:‘殿下,我也要出家。’菩萨阻拦他说:‘你不能出家,你必须回去。’这样拒绝了三遍,便把饰物和犍陟托付给他,心想:‘我这头发,不适合沙门,除了我自己,没有别人适合为菩萨削发。’于是心想:‘我就自己用剑来割断吧。’他用右手拿起剑,用左手抓住连同顶髻在一起的那撮头发,割了下去。头发便剩下两指长,向右旋卷着贴在头上。终其一生,头发都保持那样的长度,胡须也与之相称,从此再也没有须发剃除这回事了。菩萨握着那带顶髻的发撮,心想:‘倘若我将成就正自觉者,愿它停在空中;倘若不能,就让它落在地上。’说着,便把它抛向半空。那发髻上升到一由旬的高处,停在了空中。天王帝释天用天眼看见后,便用一个一由旬大小的宝石容器接住了它,在三十三天界建立了一座名为‘顶髻塔’的塔庙。
Bodhisatto assapiṭṭhito oruyha rajatapaṭṭasadise vāḷukāpuline ṭhatvā channaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘samma channa, tvaṃ mayhaṃ ābharaṇāni ceva kaṇḍakañca ādāya gaccha, ahaṃ pabbajissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Ahampi, deva, pabbajissāmī’’ti. Bodhisatto ‘‘na labbhā tayā pabbajituṃ, gaccheva tva’’nti tikkhattuṃ paṭibāhitvā ābharaṇāni ceva kaṇḍakañca paṭicchāpetvā cintesi – ‘‘ime mayhaṃ kesā samaṇasāruppā na honti, añño bodhisattassa kese chindituṃ yuttarūpo natthī’’ti. Tato ‘‘sayameva khaggena chindissāmī’’ti dakkhiṇena hatthena asiṃ gahetvā vāmahatthena moḷiyā saddhiṃ cūḷaṃ gahetvā chindi. Kesā dvaṅgulamattā hutvā dakkhiṇato āvaṭṭamānā sīsaṃ allīyiṃsu. Tesaṃ yāvajīvaṃ tadeva pamāṇaṃ ahosi, massu ca tadanurūpaṃ, puna kesamassuohāraṇakiccaṃ nāma nāhosi. Bodhisatto saha moḷiyā cūḷaṃ gahetvā ‘‘sacāhaṃ sambuddho bhavissāmi, ākāse tiṭṭhatu. No ce, bhūmiyaṃ patatū’’ti antalikkhe khipi. Sā cūḷā yojanappamāṇaṃ ṭhānaṃ abbhuggantvā ākāse aṭṭhāsi. Sakko devarājā dibbacakkhunā oloketvā yojaniyaratanacaṅkoṭakena sampaṭicchitvā tāvatiṃsabhavane cūḷāmaṇicetiyaṃ nāma patiṭṭhāpesi.
722割断那散发最胜妙香的顶髻,释迦族的雄牛将它抛向空中;
‘‘Chetvāna moḷiṃ varagandhavāsitaṃ, vehāyasaṃ ukkhipi sakyapuṅgavo;
723千眼神(帝释天)用头接住,那位施主(帝释天)又用殊胜的宝石容器承接。(中部注疏 1.222)
Sahassanetto sirasā paṭiggahi, ratanacaṅkoṭavarena vāsavo’’ti. (ma. ni. aṭṭha. 1.222);
724接着,菩萨又想:‘我所穿的迦尸国细布衣物,不适合沙门。’那时,在迦叶佛时代曾是他故友的嘎帝咖拉大梵天,怀着虽经一佛间隔也未曾衰老的友谊,心想:‘今天我的好友已踏上大出家之旅,我应为他带去沙门的资具。’
Puna bodhisatto cintesi – ‘‘imāni kāsikavatthāni mayhaṃ na samaṇasāruppānī’’ti. Athassa kassapabuddhakāle purāṇasahāyako ghaṭikāramahābrahmā ekaṃ buddhantaraṃ jaraṃ appattena mittabhāvena cintesi – ‘‘ajja me sahāyako mahābhinikkhamanaṃ nikkhanto, samaṇaparikkhāramassa gahetvā gacchissāmī’’ti.
725‘三衣、一钵、剃刀、针与腰带;
‘‘Ticīvarañca patto ca, vāsī sūci ca bandhanaṃ;
726加上滤水囊,这八样,是精进修行比丘的必需品。’——
Parissāvanena aṭṭhete, yuttayogassa bhikkhūno’’ti. –
727他带来这八样资具,交给了菩萨。菩萨穿上‘阿拉汉的旗帜’(即袈裟),展现出最胜的出家人威仪,对车匿说:‘车匿,请代我向父母禀报我的安康。’说完便遣他离去。车匿顶礼菩萨,右绕后离去。而犍陟马呢,在车匿与菩萨交谈时,听到菩萨的话语,心想:‘我从今以后再没有机会见到主人了。’离开视线范围时,它无法忍住悲伤,心碎而死,投生到三十三天,成为名叫‘犍陟’的天子。车匿起先只被一重悲伤所苦,因犍陟的寿尽,又被第二重悲伤所苦,他哭着、悲叹着,回到了城中。
Ime aṭṭha parikkhāre āharitvā adāsi. Bodhisato arahaddhajaṃ nivāsetvā uttamapabbajitavesaṃ gaṇhitvā ‘‘channa, tvaṃ mama vacanena mātāpitūnaṃ ārogyaṃ vadehī’’ti vatvā uyyojesi. Channo bodhisattaṃ vanditvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Kaṇḍako pana channena saddhiṃ mantayamānassa bodhisattassa vacanaṃ suṇantova ‘‘natthi dāni mayhaṃ puna sāmino dassana’’nti cintetvā cakkhupathaṃ vijahanto sokaṃ adhivāsetuṃ asakkonto hadayena phalitena kālaṃ katvā tāvatiṃsabhavane kaṇḍako nāma devaputto hutvā nibbatti. Channassa paṭhamaṃ ekova soko ahosi, kaṇḍakassa pana kālakiriyāya dutiyena sokena pīḷito rodanto paridevanto nagaraṃ agamāsi.
728菩萨出家后,就在那个地区的阿奴匹雅芒果园里,以出家的喜乐度过了七日。然后他在一天之内步行三十由旬,进入王舍城。入城后,他挨家挨户地次第托钵。整个城市因为见到菩萨的容貌,就像多那婆罗门进入时引起震动的王舍城,又像阿修罗王进入时的天城一样,生起了震动。国王的侍从们前去禀报:‘大王,有这样一位众生在城中托钵,我们不知他是天神、是人、是龙、是金翅鸟,还是别的什么。’国王站在宫殿顶层,看见那位大人后,心中生起稀有奇特之想,便命令侍从:‘去吧,伙计们,去观察他:如果他不是人,出城就会消失;如果是天神,便会腾空而去;如果是龙,便会潜入地下而去;如果是人,就会如常享用所得之食。’
Bodhisatto pabbajitvā tasmiṃyeva padese anupiyaṃ nāma ambavanaṃ atthi, tattha sattāhaṃ pabbajjāsukhena vītināmetvā ekadivaseneva tiṃsayojanamaggaṃ padasā gantvā rājagahaṃ pāvisi. Pavisitvā ca sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya cari. Sakalanagaraṃ bodhisattassa rūpadassaneneva dhanapālake paviṭṭhe rājagahaṃ viya ca, asurinde paviṭṭhe devanagaraṃ viya ca saṅkhobhaṃ agamāsi. Rājapurisā gantvā ‘‘deva, evarūpo nāma satto nagare piṇḍāya carati, ‘devo vā manusso vā nāgo vā supaṇṇo vā asuko nāma eso’ti na jānāmā’’ti ārocesuṃ. Rājā pāsādatale ṭhatvā mahāpurisaṃ disvā acchariyabbhutacitto purise āṇāpesi – ‘‘gacchatha, bhaṇe , vīmaṃsatha, sace amanusso bhavissati, nagarā nikkhamitvā antaradhāyissati, sace devatā bhavissati, ākāsena gacchissati, sace nāgo bhavissati, pathaviyaṃ nimujjitvā gamissati, sace manusso bhavissati, yathāladdhaṃ bhikkhaṃ paribhuñjissatī’’ti.
729那位大人收集了杂拌的食物,知道‘这些已足够维持生命’后,便从进城时的那道门出城,在般度婆山的阴凉处,面向东方坐下,开始进食。这时,他内脏翻涌,几乎要从口中呕出。他因此有身从未用眼见过这样的食物,面对这不净的食团,感到极其难受。但他这样自我告诫:‘悉达多啊,你生在饮食易得的豪贵之家,原本可以享用储藏三年的香稻米饭和各种美味佳肴。当你以前见到哪怕一位穿粪扫衣的人,便生起这样的思惟:“我什么时候也能像他那样,托钵乞食而活?那个时刻会到来吗?”并因此而出家。现在你这么做,又算什么?’他如此自我告诫后,便不再厌恶,把食物吃了。
Mahāpurisopi kho missakabhattaṃ saṃharitvā ‘‘alaṃ me ettakaṃ yāpanāyā’’ti ñatvā paviṭṭhadvāreneva nagarā nikkhamitvā paṇḍavapabbatacchāyāyaṃ puratthimābhimukho nisīditvā āhāraṃ paribhuñjituṃ āraddho. Athassa antāni parivattitvā mukhena nikkhamanākārappattāni ahesuṃ. Tato so tena attabhāvena evarūpassa āhārassa cakkhunāpi adiṭṭhapubbatāya tena paṭikūlāhārena aṭṭīyamānopi evaṃ attanā eva attānaṃ ovadi – ‘‘siddhattha, tvaṃ sulabhaannapāne kule tivassikagandhasālibhojanaṃ nānaggarasehi bhuñjanaṭṭhāne nibbattitvāpi ekaṃ paṃsukūlikaṃ disvā ‘kadā nu kho ahampi evarūpo hutvā piṇḍāya caritvā bhuñjissāmi, bhavissati nu kho me so kālo’ti cintetvā nikkhanto, idāni kinnāmetaṃ karosī’’ti evaṃ attānaṃ ovaditvā nibbikāro hutvā āhāraṃ paribhuñji.
730国王的侍从们看到那个情况,便去禀告了国王。国王听了使者的话,迅速出城,来到菩萨那里,仅仅见到菩萨的威仪就生起了净信,把一切王权都奉献给了菩萨。菩萨说:‘大王,我对物质欲乐或烦恼欲乐都没有需求,我是为了希求最上正等觉而出家的。’国王用种种方式恳求,也未能改变菩萨的心意,便说:‘你必定会成佛,成佛之后,你一定要最先来到我的国土。’并得到了菩萨的承诺。这里只是略说,广说则应结合《出家经》(《经集》407)及其注疏来看。
Rājapurisā taṃ pavattiṃ disvā gantvā rañño ārocesuṃ. Rājā dūtavacanaṃ sutvā vegena nagarā nikkhamitvā bodhisattassa santikaṃ gantvā iriyāpathasmiṃyeva pasīditvā bodhisattassa sabbaṃ issariyaṃ niyyātesi. Bodhisatto ‘‘mayhaṃ, mahārāja, vatthukāmehi vā kilesakāmehi vā attho natthi, ahaṃ paramābhisambodhiṃ patthayanto nikkhanto’’ti āha. Rājā anekappakāraṃ yācantopi tassa cittaṃ alabhitvā ‘‘addhā tvaṃ buddho bhavissasi , buddhabhūtena pana tayā paṭhamaṃ mama vijitaṃ āgantabba’’nti paṭiññaṃ gaṇhi. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana ‘‘pabbajjaṃ kittayissāmi, yathā pabbaji cakkhumā’’ti imaṃ pabbajjāsuttaṃ (su. ni. 407) saddhiṃ aṭṭhakathāya oloketvā veditabbo.
731菩萨答应了国王之后,便次第游行,先后拜访了阿罗逻迦蓝和优陀罗·拉马子,证得了各种等至。但他认为‘这并不是通向菩提的道路’,不满足于那样的等至修习。为了向包括天神在内的世间展示自己的大精进,菩萨想行大精进,便去了优楼频螺,说:‘这片土地确实愉悦。’便在那里住下,开始行大精进。而以憍陈如为首的五群比丘,正在各个村落、城镇、王都乞食游行,也正好在那里遇到了菩萨。此后六年,他们侍奉着正在行大精进的菩萨,心里想着‘现在要成佛了,现在要成佛了’,以打扫精舍等服务,在菩萨身边随侍。菩萨心想:‘我要行达到极点的苦行。’于是只靠一粒芝麻、一粒米等维生,最后甚至完全断食。天神们也从他的毛孔把养分送了进去。
Bodhisattopi kho rañño paṭiññaṃ datvā anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno āḷārañca kālāmaṃ udakañca rāmaputtaṃ upasaṅkamitvā samāpattiyo nibbattetvā ‘‘nāyaṃ maggo bodhāyā’’ti tampi samāpattibhāvanaṃ analaṅkaritvā sadevakassa lokassa attano thāmavīriyasandassanatthaṃ mahāpadhānaṃ padahitukāmo uruvelaṃ gantvā ‘‘ramaṇīyo vatāyaṃ bhūmibhāgo’’ti tattheva vāsaṃ upagantvā mahāpadhānaṃ padahi. Tepi kho koṇḍaññappamukhā pañcavaggiyā gāmanigamarājadhānīsu bhikkhāya carantā tattha bodhisattaṃ sampāpuṇiṃsu. Atha naṃ chabbassāni mahāpadhānaṃ padahantaṃ ‘‘idāni buddho bhavissati, idāni buddho bhavissatī’’ti pariveṇasammajjanādikāya vattapaṭipattiyā upaṭṭhahamānā santikāvacarā ahesuṃ. Bodhisattopi kho ‘‘koṭippattaṃ dukkarakārikaṃ karissāmī’’ti ekatilataṇḍulādīhipi vītināmesi, sabbasopi āhārupacchedanaṃ akāsi. Devatāpi lomakūpehi ojaṃ upasaṃharamānā pakkhipiṃsu.
732这时,由于那种绝食状态,身体变得极为虚弱,菩萨原本金色的身体变成了黑色,三十二大人相也隐没了。有时他在修习入出息禅那时,被剧烈的痛苦逼迫,进入昏迷,摔倒在经行道边。于是有些天神说:‘沙门乔达摩命终了。’另一些天神则说:‘这是阿罗汉的住。’那些起‘命终’想的天神,就去向净饭大王报告:‘您的儿子命终了。’国王问道:‘我的儿子是成佛后命终,还是没成佛就命终?’天神回答:‘没能成佛,是在精进修行的地方倒地命终的。’国王听后,拒绝相信,说:‘我不信,我的儿子若未证菩提,绝无命终这种事。’国王为什么不相信?因为在阿私陀仙人前来拜见的那天,于阎浮树下,他曾见过种种神通的缘故。
Athassa tāya nirāhāratāya paramakasirappattatāya suvaṇṇavaṇṇopi kāyo kāḷavaṇṇo ahosi, dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni paṭicchannāni ahesuṃ. Appekadā ānāpānakajjhānaṃ jhāyanto mahāvedanābhitunno visaññībhūto caṅkamanakoṭiyaṃ patati. Atha naṃ ekaccā devatā ‘‘kālaṅkato samaṇo gotamo’’ti vadanti. Ekaccā ‘‘vihārotveveso arahata’’nti ca āhaṃsu. Tattha yāsaṃ ‘‘kālaṅkato’’ti saññā ahosi, tā gantvā suddhodanamahārājassa ārocesuṃ – ‘‘tumhākaṃ putto kālaṅkato’’ti. ‘‘Mama putto buddho hutvā kālaṅkato, ahutvā’’ti? ‘‘Buddho bhavituṃ nāsakkhi, padhānabhūmiyaṃyeva patitvā kālaṅkato’’ti. Idaṃ sutvā rājā – ‘‘nāhaṃ saddahāmi, mama puttassa bodhiṃ appatvā kālakiriyā nāma natthī’’ti paṭikkhipi. ‘‘Kasmā pana rājā na saddahatī’’ti? Kāladevalatāpasavandāpanadivase jamburukkhamūle ca pāṭihāriyānaṃ diṭṭhattā.
733后来,菩萨恢复意识,站起来后,那些天神又去报告:‘大王,您的儿子平安无事。’国王说:‘我知道我的儿子不会死。’菩萨六年苦行,犹如在空中打结一样徒劳无功。他想:‘这苦行并不是证得菩提的道路。’于是想要吃粗劣的食物,便在村落城镇里乞食,摄取食物。这时,三十二大人相恢复如常,身体也变回金色。五群比丘心想:‘这个人六年修苦行都没能证得一切知智,现在竟然在村落城镇里乞食,吃粗劣的食物,这样还能有什么成就?他变得贪多了,精进已经退失。就像有人想洗头却去计算露水一样,我们对他的殊胜证悟之想,也同样是幻想。我们还跟着他做什么?’于是他们舍弃了菩萨,各自拿了衣钵,走了十八由旬的路,进入了仙人堕处。
Puna bodhisatte saññaṃ paṭilabhitvā uṭṭhite tā devatā gantvā ‘‘arogo te, mahārāja, putto’’ti ārocesuṃ. Rājā ‘‘jānāmahaṃ mama puttassa amaraṇabhāva’’nti vadati. Mahāsattassa chabbassāni dukkarakārikaṃ karontasseva ākāse gaṇṭhikaraṇakālo viya ahosi. So ‘‘ayaṃ dukkarakārikā nāma bodhāya maggo na hotī’’ti oḷārikaṃ āhāraṃ āhāretuṃ gāmanigamesu piṇḍāya caritvā āhāraṃ āhari. Athassa dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇāni pākatikāni ahesuṃ, kāyopi suvaṇṇavaṇṇo ahosi. Pañcavaggiyā bhikkhū ‘‘ayaṃ chabbassāni dukkarakārikaṃ karontopi sabbaññutaṃ paṭivijjhituṃ nāsakkhi, idāni gāmanigamādīsu piṇḍāya caritvā oḷārikaṃ āhāraṃ āharamāno kiṃ sakkhissati, bāhuliko esa padhānavibbhanto, sīsaṃ nhāyitukāmassa ussāvabindutakkanaṃ viya amhākaṃ etassa santikā visesatakkanaṃ, kiṃ no iminā’’ti mahāpurisaṃ pahāya attano attano pattacīvaraṃ gahetvā aṭṭhārasayojanamaggaṃ gantvā isipatanaṃ pavisiṃsu.
734那时,在优楼频螺的些那尼嘎玛村,有位名叫须阇多的女子,是些那尼居士家的女儿。成年后,她在一棵孟加拉榕树下许愿:‘假如我嫁到门当户对的人家,头胎就生了儿子,我便每年用十万钱财来供养。’她的愿望实现了。等到菩萨苦行第六年圆满的吠舍佉月月圆日,她想进行供养,便先让一千头母牛在甘草林边放牧,用它们的乳汁喂五百头母牛,这样依次浓缩,最后用十六头母牛的乳汁喂八头母牛,希望乳汁变得浓稠、甘甜、富有营养,这种做法称为‘转乳’。在吠舍佉月月圆日那天,破晓时分她就起来,叫人挤那八头母牛的奶。小牛犊还没有靠近母牛的乳房,乳汁就自己流进了新容器里。须阇多见到这个奇特现象,亲手把乳汁收集到新容器里,又亲手生火,开始煮乳糜。
Tena kho pana samayena uruvelāyaṃ senānigame senānikuṭumbikassa gehe nibbattā sujātā nāma dārikā vayappattā ekasmiṃ nigrodharukkhe patthanaṃ akāsi – ‘‘sacāhaṃ samajātikaṃ kulagharaṃ gantvā paṭhamagabbhe puttaṃ labhissāmi, anusaṃvaccharaṃ te satasahassapariccāgena balikammaṃ karissāmī’’ti. Tassā sā patthanā samijjhi. Sā mahāsattassa dukkarakārikaṃ karontassa chaṭṭhe vasse paripuṇṇe visākhāpuṇṇamāyaṃ balikammaṃ kātukāmā hutvā puretaraṃyeva dhenusahassaṃ laṭṭhimadhukavane carāpetvā, tāsaṃ khīraṃ pañca dhenusatāni pāyetvā, tāsaṃ khīraṃ aḍḍhatiyāni ca satānīti evaṃ yāva soḷasannaṃ dhenūnaṃ khīraṃ aṭṭha dhenuyo pivanti, tāva khīrassa bahalatañca madhuratañca ojavantatañca patthayamānā khīraparivattanaṃ nāma akāsi. Sā visākhāpuṇṇamadivase ‘‘pātova balikammaṃ karissāmī’’ti rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ paccuṭṭhāya tā aṭṭha dhenuyo duhāpesi. Vacchakā dhenūnaṃ thanamūlaṃ na āgamaṃsu, thanamūle pana navabhājanesu upanītamattesu attano dhammatāya khīradhārā pagghariṃsu. Taṃ acchariyaṃ disvā sujātā sahattheneva khīraṃ gahetvā navabhājane pakkhipitvā sahattheneva aggiṃ katvā pacituṃ ārabhi.
735在煮那个乳糜时,大泡冒起来,向右旋转着移动。一滴也没有溅到外面,灶里也丝毫没有冒烟。那时,四大天王前来在灶边守护,大梵天撑起伞盖,帝释天整理柴火使火燃烧。天神们在天威神力下,像压榨绑着木棍的蜂巢取蜜一样,收集起人天所需的养分,投进那里。因为在其他时候,天神是将养分投入每一口食物中,而在成正觉之日和般涅槃之日,则是投进锅里。须阇多在同一天里见到这些自然显现的许多奇事,就对婢女富那说:‘富那母,今天我们的天神特别欢喜,我这么久以来从没见过这样的奇事。你快去打扫天神的祠庙。’婢女答应‘好的,主人’,就急急忙忙地去了树下。
Tasmiṃ pāyāse paccamāne mahantā mahantā pubbuḷā uṭṭhahitvā dakkhiṇāvaṭṭā hutvā sañcaranti. Ekaphusitampi bahi na uppatati, uddhanato appamattakopi dhūmo na uṭṭhahati. Tasmiṃ samaye cattāro lokapālā āgantvā uddhane ārakkhaṃ gaṇhiṃsu, mahābrahmā chattaṃ dhāresi, sakko alātāni samānento aggiṃ jālesi. Devatā dvisahassadīpaparivāresu catūsu mahādīpesu devamanussānaṃ upakappanaojaṃ attano devānubhāvena daṇḍakabaddhaṃ madhupaṭalaṃ pīḷetvā madhuṃ gaṇhamānā viya saṃharitvā tattha pakkhipiṃsu . Aññesu hi kālesu devatā kabaḷe kabaḷe ojaṃ pakkhipiṃsu, sambodhippattadivase ca parinibbānadivase ca ukkhaliyaṃyeva pakkhipiṃsu . Sujātā ekadivaseyeva tattha attano pākaṭāni anekāni acchariyāni disvā puṇṇaṃ nāma dāsiṃ āmantesi – ‘‘amma puṇṇe, ajja amhākaṃ devatā ativiya pasannā, mayā hi ettake kāle evarūpaṃ acchariyaṃ nāma na diṭṭhapubbaṃ, vegena gantvā devaṭṭhānaṃ paṭijaggāhī’’ti. Sā ‘‘sādhu, ayye’’ti tassā vacanaṃ sampaṭicchitvā turitaturitā rukkhamūlaṃ agamāsi.
736菩萨也在那一夜分,做了五个大梦,解梦后断定:‘毫无疑问,今天我就要成佛了。’夜尽之后,他整理身体,等待乞食时分,早晨来到那棵树下坐下,身上的光明照遍了整个树下。就在这时,婢女富那走了过来,看见菩萨面东坐在树下,身光把整棵树都变成了金色。她见到这个情景,心想:‘今天我们的天神从树上下来,亲手接受供养了。’于是她惊惧万分,急忙回去向须阇多报告这件事。
Bodhisattopi kho tasmiṃ rattibhāge pañca mahāsupine (a. ni. 5.196) disvā pariggaṇhanto ‘‘nissaṃsayaṃ ajjāhaṃ buddho bhavissāmī’’ti katasanniṭṭhāno tassā rattiyā accayena katasarīrapaṭijaggano bhikkhācārakālaṃ āgamayamāno pātova āgantvā tasmiṃ rukkhamūle nisīdi, attano pabhāya sakalaṃ rukkhamūlaṃ obhāsayamāno. Atha kho sā puṇṇā āgantvā addasa bodhisattaṃ rukkhamūle pācīnalokadhātuṃ olokayamānaṃ nisinnaṃ, sarīrato cassa nikkhantāhi pabhāhi sakalarukkhaṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ. Disvānassā etadahosi – ‘‘ajja amhākaṃ devatā rukkhato oruyha sahattheneva balikammaṃ sampaṭicchituṃ nisinnā maññe’’ti ubbegappattā hutvā vegena āgantvā sujātāya etamatthaṃ ārocesi.
737须阇多听了她的话,心生喜悦,说道:‘从今以后,你就是我的长女了。’并赐给她与女儿身份相配的一切装饰。她又想到,在成佛之日理应得到价值十万金的钵,于是她想:‘我将乳糜盛在金钵里。’便让人取出价值十万金的钵,准备把乳糜倒进去。刚倾倒,所有乳糜就像水离开莲叶一样流进了金钵,刚好盛满一钵。她用另一个钵盖在上面,用白布包好,自己用所有装饰品庄严身体,把钵顶在头上,以极大的威神力前往那棵孟加拉榕树下。见到菩萨,她生起强烈的喜悦,以为是树神,便从第一眼看见的地方就低着头、躬着身上前,从头上取下钵,揭开盖子,又拿起盛着香花香水的水瓶,走到菩萨面前站着。这时,嘎帝咖拉大梵天以前赠与菩萨的陶钵忽然不见了。菩萨找不到钵,就伸出右手接水。须阇多把乳糜连同金钵一起放在大士手上。大士注视须阇多,她领会了意思,说:‘尊者,这是我供养给您的,请随意享用。’礼拜之后,又说:‘如同我的愿望已经实现,也愿您的愿望得以成就。’便把价值十万金的钵像丢弃旧树叶一样,毫不留恋地离开了。
Sujātā tassā vacanaṃ sutvā tuṭṭhamānasā hutvā ‘‘ajja dāni paṭṭhāya mama jeṭṭhadhītuṭṭhāne tiṭṭhāhī’’ti dhītu anucchavikaṃ sabbālaṅkāraṃ adāsi. Yasmā pana buddhabhāvaṃ pāpuṇanadivase satasahassagghanikā ekā suvaṇṇapāti laddhuṃ vaṭṭati, tasmā sā ‘‘suvaṇṇapātiyaṃ pāyāsaṃ pakkhipissāmī’’ti cittaṃ uppādetvā satasahassagghanikaṃ suvaṇṇapātiṃ nīharāpetvā tattha pāyāsaṃ pakkhipitukāmā pakkabhājanaṃ āvajjesi. Sabbo pāyāso padumapattato udakaṃ viya vattitvā pātiyaṃ patiṭṭhāsi, ekapātipūramattova ahosi. Sā taṃ pātiṃ aññāya pātiyā paṭikujjitvā odātavatthena veṭhetvā sayaṃ sabbālaṅkārehi attabhāvaṃ alaṅkaritvā taṃ pātiṃ attano sīse ṭhapetvā mahantena ānubhāvena nigrodharukkhamūlaṃ gantvā bodhisattaṃ disvā balavasomanassajātā ‘‘rukkhadevatā’’ti saññāya diṭṭhaṭṭhānato paṭṭhāya onatonatā gantvā sīsato pātiṃ otāretvā vivaritvā suvaṇṇabhiṅgārena gandhapupphavāsitaṃ udakaṃ gahetvā bodhisattaṃ upagantvā aṭṭhāsi. Ghaṭikāramahābrahmunā dinno mattikāpatto ettakaṃ kālaṃ bodhisattaṃ avijahitvā tasmiṃ khaṇe adassanaṃ gato, bodhisatto pattaṃ apassanto dakkhiṇahatthaṃ pasāretvā udakaṃ sampaṭicchi . Sujātā saheva pātiyā pāyāsaṃ mahāpurisassa hatthe ṭhapesi, mahāpuriso sujātaṃ olokesi. Sā ākāraṃ sallakkhetvā ‘‘ayya, mayā tumhākaṃ pariccattā, taṃ gaṇhitvā yathāruci karothā’’ti vanditvā ‘‘yathā mayhaṃ manoratho nipphanno, evaṃ tumhākampi nipphajjatū’’ti vatvā satasahassagghanikampi suvaṇṇapātiṃ purāṇakapaṇṇaṃ viya pariccajitvā anapekkhāva pakkāmi.
738菩萨也从座位上站起来,右绕那棵树,拿着钵走到尼连禅河边。那里有一个叫「善建立津口」的地方,是过去无数十万位菩萨在成佛那天入浴的场所。他把钵放在岸上,在「善建立津口」的渡口下水沐浴,然后穿上无数百千位佛陀穿过的「阿拉汉幢相衣」,面朝东方坐下,把全部没有水分的蜜乳糜做成四十九团,每一团像一片扇棕榈叶那么大,全部吃了下去。这就是他成佛之后,在菩提道场安住那七七四十九天里的食物。这段期间,他没有吃别的食物,没有沐浴,没有洗脸,也没有大小便,只靠禅那的快乐和果等至的快乐度日。吃完乳糜后,他拿起金钵,说道:‘如果我今天能成佛,这个钵就逆流而上;如果成不了佛,就顺流而下。’说完就把钵投进河水中。那个钵劈开水流,漂到河中间,就在河中央像快马一样逆流而上八十肘,然后沉入一个漩涡,潜进「咖喇龙王」的宫殿,撞击了过去三位佛陀用过的钵,发出‘叽哩叽哩’的声音,然后安放在那些钵的最下方。咖喇龙王听到这声音,站起身来赞叹道:‘昨天一位佛陀出世,今天又有一位佛陀出世了。’并用许多百首偈颂来称赞。据说,那时龙王站起身来,身体弥漫了方圆一由旬三伽乌他的天空,他起身的时刻就好像今天或昨天才发生一样。
Bodhisattopi kho nisinnaṭṭhānā vuṭṭhāya rukkhaṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pātiṃ ādāya nerañjarāya tīraṃ gantvā anekesaṃ bodhisattasatasahassānaṃ abhisambujjhanadivase otaritvā nhānaṭṭhānaṃ supatiṭṭhitaṃ nāma atthi, tassā tīre pātiṃ ṭhapetvā supatiṭṭhitatitthe otaritvā nhatvā anekabuddhasatasahassānaṃ nivāsanaṃ arahaddhajaṃ nivāsetvā puratthābhimukho nisīditvā ekaṭṭhitālapakkappamāṇe ekūnapaṇṇāsapiṇḍe katvā sabbaṃ appodakamadhupāyāsaṃ paribhuñji. Soyevassa buddhabhūtasa sattasattāhaṃ bodhimaṇḍe vasantassa ekūnapaṇṇāsadivasāni āhāro ahosi. Ettakaṃ kālaṃ añño āhāro natthi, na nhānaṃ, na mukhadhovanaṃ, na sarīravaḷañjo, jhānasukhena phalasamāpattisukhena ca vītināmesi. Taṃ pana pāyāsaṃ bhuñjitvā suvaṇṇapātiṃ gahetvā ‘‘sacāhaṃ ajja buddho bhavissāmi, ayaṃ pāti paṭisotaṃ gacchatu, no ce bhavissāmi, anusotaṃ gacchatū’’ti vatvā nadīsote pakkhipi. Sā sotaṃ chindamānā nadīmajjhaṃ gantvā majjhaṭṭhāneneva javasampanno asso viya asītihatthamattaṭṭhānaṃ paṭisotaṃ gantvā ekasmiṃ āvaṭṭe nimujjitvā kāḷanāgarājabhavanaṃ gantvā tiṇṇaṃ buddhānaṃ paribhogapātiyo ‘‘kili kilī’’ti ravaṃ kārayamānā paharitvā tāsaṃ sabbaheṭṭhimā hutvā aṭṭhāsi. Kāḷo nāgarājā ta saddaṃ sutvā ‘‘hiyyo eko buddho nibbatti, puna ajja eko nibbatto’’ti vatvā anekehi padasatehi thutiyo vadamāno uṭṭhāsi. Tassa kira mahāpathaviyā ekayojanatigāvutappamāṇaṃ nabhaṃ pūretvā ārohanakālo ajja vā hiyyo vā sadiso ahosi.
739菩萨在河岸边鲜花盛开的沙罗树林里度过日中,到了傍晚花朵从花梗脱落之时,在诸天所庄严的八牛呼宽的大道上,如狮子伸腰般朝着菩提树走去。龙、夜叉、金翅鸟等用天界的香花等供养,奏起天乐,一万个世界同一种香、同一种花鬘、同一种赞叹。那时,一位名叫索提耶的担草人拿着草从对面走来,察知大士的威仪后,布施了八捧草。菩萨接过草,登上菩提道场,在南面朝北而立。那一刻,南方的轮围山仿佛沉没,下至无间地狱;北方的轮围山仿佛超升,上至有顶天。菩萨心想:‘这里恐怕不是证得正觉之处。’于是右绕,来到西面朝东而立。那时,西方的轮围山仿佛沉没,下至无间地狱;东方的轮围山仿佛超升,上至有顶天。菩萨心想:‘这里也不是证得正觉之处。’右绕来到北面朝南而立。那时,北方的轮围山仿佛沉没,下至无间地狱;南方的轮围山仿佛超升,上至有顶天。菩萨心想:‘这里也不是证得正觉之处。’右绕来到东面朝西而立。然而,东方是过去一切诸佛结跏趺坐之处,那里既不颤抖,也不动摇。菩萨知道:‘这是所有诸佛都不舍弃的不动之处,是摧毁烦恼牢笼之处。’于是抓住那些草的顶端一抖,立刻便成了十四肘长的金刚座。那些草以那样的形态安立,其巧妙连技艺精湛的画师或织工也无法描绘。菩萨背靠菩提树干,面朝东方,意志坚定。
Bodhisattopi nadītīramhi supupphitasālavane divāvihāraṃ katvā sāyanhasamayaṃ pupphānaṃ vaṇṭato muccanakāle devatāhi alaṅkatena aṭṭhūsabhavitthārena maggena sīho viya vijambhamāno bodhirukkhābhimukho pāyāsi. Nāgayakkhasupaṇṇādayo dibbehi gandhapupphādīhi pūjayiṃsu, dibbasaṃgītādīni pavattayiṃsu, dasasahassī lokadhātu ekagandhā ekamālā ekasādhukārā ahosi. Tasmiṃ samaye sotthiyo nāma tiṇahārako tiṇaṃ ādāya paṭipathe āgacchanto mahāpurisassa ākāraṃ ñatvā aṭṭha tiṇamuṭṭhiyo adāsi. Bodhisatto tiṇaṃ gahetvā bodhimaṇḍaṃ āruyha dakkhiṇadisābhāge uttarābhimukho aṭṭhāsi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe dakkhiṇacakkavāḷaṃ osīditvā heṭṭhā avīcisampattaṃ viya ahosi. Uttaracakkavāḷaṃ ullaṅghitvā upari bhavaggappattaṃ viya ahosi. Bodhisatto ‘‘idaṃ sambodhipāpuṇanaṭṭhānaṃ na bhavissati maññe’’ti padakkhiṇaṃ karonto pacchimadisābhāgaṃ gantvā puratthimābhimukho aṭṭhāsi, tato pacchimacakkavāḷaṃ osīditvā heṭṭhā avīcisampattaṃ viya ahosi, puratthimacakkavāḷaṃ ullaṅghitvā upari bhavaggappattaṃ viya ahosi. Ṭhitaṭṭhitaṭṭhāne kirassa nemivaṭṭipariyante akkantaṃ nābhiyā patiṭṭhitamahāsakaṭacakkaṃ viya mahāpathavī onatunnatā ahosi. Bodhisatto ‘‘idampi sambodhipāpuṇanaṭṭhānaṃ na bhavissati maññe’’ti padakkhiṇaṃ karonto uttaradisābhāgaṃ gantvā dakkhiṇābhimukho aṭṭhāsi. Tato uttaracakkavāḷaṃ osīditvā heṭṭhā avīcisampattaṃ viya ahosi, dakkhiṇacakkavāḷaṃ ullaṅghitvā upari bhavaggappattaṃ viya ahosi. Bodhisatto ‘‘idampi sambodhipāpuṇanaṭṭhānaṃ na bhavissati maññe’’ti padakkhiṇaṃ karonto puratthimadisābhāgaṃ gantvā pacchimābhimukho aṭṭhāsi. Puratthimadisābhāge pana sabbabuddhānaṃ pallaṅkaṭṭhānaṃ ahosi, taṃ neva chambhati, na kampati. Bodhisatto ‘‘idaṃ sabbabuddhānaṃ avijahitaṃ acalaṭṭhānaṃ kilesapañjaraviddhaṃsanaṭṭhāna’’nti ñatvā tāni tiṇāni agge gahetvā cālesi, tāvadeva cuddasahattho pallaṅko ahosi. Tānipi kho tiṇāni tathārūpena saṇṭhānena saṇṭhahiṃsu, yathārūpaṃ sukusalo cittakāro vā potthakāro vā ālikhitumpi samattho natthi. Bodhisatto bodhikkhandhaṃ piṭṭhito katvā puratthābhimukho daḷhamānaso hutvā –
740‘即使皮肤、筋腱和骨骼都剩下来,’
‘‘Kāmaṃ taco ca nhāru ca, aṭṭhi ca avasissatu;
741‘身体的血肉完全干涸,’
Upasussatu nissesaṃ, sarīre maṃsalohitaṃ. (a. ni. 2.5; ma. ni. 2.184) –
742‘我也绝不未证得正等正觉就离开此金刚座。’就这样,菩萨在那个连百道落雷同时轰击也无法破坏的未伏金刚座上,结跏趺坐。
‘Na tvevāhaṃ sammāsambodhiṃ appatvā imaṃ pallaṅkaṃ bhindissāmī’’’ti asanisatasannipātenapi abhejjarūpaṃ aparājitapallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā nisīdi.
743那时,魔王波旬心想:‘悉达多太子想要超越我的管辖,我绝不让他超越。’于是前往魔众那里告知此事,发出所谓的魔王宣告声,率领魔军出发。这支魔军,在魔王前方延伸十二由旬,右方和左方也各十二由旬,后方则一直排到轮围山的边际,向上高达九由旬。魔军呐喊的声音,就像大地崩裂的巨响,在一千由旬之外都能听到。这时候,魔王天子骑上了一头名叫山肋、高一百五十由旬的大象,变化出一千只手臂,拿起各种兵器。其余的魔众也是两个人一组,每组的两个人都长得一模一样,拿着相同的兵器。他们显现出各种各样的颜色、各种各样的面孔,握着种种兵器,铺天盖地地向菩萨逼近过来。
Tasmiṃ samaye māro pāpimā – ‘‘siddhatthakumāro mayhaṃ vasaṃ atikkamitukāmo, na dānissa atikkamituṃ dassāmī’’ti mārabalassa santikaṃ gantvā etamatthaṃ ārocetvā māraghosanaṃ nāma ghosāpetvā mārabalaṃ ādāya nikkhami. Sā mārasenā mārassa purato dvādasayojanā hoti, dakkhiṇato ca vāmato ca dvādasayojanā, pacchato cakkavāḷapariyantaṃ katvā ṭhitā, uddhaṃ navayojanubbedhā hoti, yassā unnadantiyā unnādasaddo yojanasahassato paṭṭhāya pathaviundriyanasaddoviya sūyati. Atha māro devaputto diyaḍḍhayojanasatikaṃ girimekhalaṃ nāma hatthiṃ abhiruhitvā bāhusahassaṃ māpetvā nānāvudhāni aggahesi. Avasesāyapi māraparisāya dve janā ekasadisā ekasadisaṃ āvudhaṃ gaṇhantā nāhesuṃ. Nānāvaṇṇā nānappakāramukhā hutvā nānāvudhāni gaṇhantā bodhisattaṃ ajjhottharamānā āgamaṃsu.
744然而,一万个世界的诸天都站在那里赞叹大士的功德。诸天之主帝释天王站在那里,吹奏着名为胜上的海螺。据说,那个海螺长达二百肘,蓄满一口气吹奏,能够连续响四个月,然后才寂静下来。大黑龙王站在那里,用超过一百首的偈颂赞叹菩萨的功德。大梵天则站在那里,撑持着白色伞盖。但是,当魔军逼近菩提道场的时候,他们当中没有一个人能站得住,全部当面就逃跑了。一个叫黑曜的龙王钻入地中,逃到五百由旬外的金环龙宫,用双手捂着面孔躺了下来。帝释天王也把胜上海螺夹在腋下,站到了轮围山的山顶上。大梵天把白伞搁在莲蓬的顶上,径自返回梵天界去了。可以说,没有一位天神能留得住。而大士却独自一人安坐着。
Dasasahassacakkavāḷadevatā pana mahāsattassa thutiyo vadamānā aṭṭhaṃsu. Sakko devarājā vijayuttarasaṅkhaṃ dhamamāno aṭṭhāsi. So kira saṅkho vīsahatthasatiko hoti, sakiṃ vātaṃ gāhāpetvā dhamiyamāno cattāro māse saddaṃ karitvā nissaddo hoti. Mahākāḷanāgarājā atirekapadasatena vaṇṇaṃ vaṇṇentova aṭṭhāsi, mahābrahmā setacchattaṃ dhārayamāno aṭṭhāsi. Mārabale pana bodhimaṇḍaṃ upasaṅkamante tesaṃ ekopi ṭhātuṃ nāsakkhi, sammukhasammukhaṭṭhāneneva palāyiṃsu. Kāḷo nāma nāgarājāpi pathaviyaṃ nimujjitvā pañcayojanasatikaṃ mañjerikanāgabhavanaṃ gantvā ubhohi hatthehi mukhaṃ pidahitvā nipanno. Sakko devarājāpi vijayuttarasaṅkhaṃ piṭṭhiyaṃ katvā cakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ aṭṭhāsi, mahābrahmā setacchattaṃ koṭiyaṃ gahetvā brahmalokameva agamāsi. Ekadevatāpi ṭhātuṃ samatthā nāma nāhosi. Mahāpuriso pana ekakova nisīdi.
745那时,魔罗也对自己的眷属说:‘诸位,与净饭王之子悉达多相似的人,世上再无第二个,我们无法当面交战,只能从背后下手。’大士也观察了三个方向,因一切天神都已逃离,只见一片空寂。他又看到北方魔军如潮水般涌来,心想:‘这许多人为了对付我一人而如此大费周章,此刻在这里,我没有母亲、父亲、兄弟或其他任何亲族,唯有这十波罗蜜,长久以来如同我累世所依的眷属。因此,我应以波罗蜜为前锋,以波罗蜜本身为武器来击破这支魔军。’他便安坐下来,忆念十波罗蜜。
Māropi attano parisaṃ āha – ‘‘tātā, suddhodanaputtena siddhatthena sadiso añño puriso nāma natthi, mayaṃ sammukhā yuddhaṃ dātuṃ na sakkhissāma, pacchābhāgena dassāmā’’ti. Mahāpurisopi tīṇi passāni oloketvā sabbadevatānaṃ palātattā suññāni addasa. Puna uttarapassena mārabalaṃ ajjhottharamānaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ ettako jano maṃ ekakaṃ sandhāya mahantaṃ vāyāmaṃ karoti, imasmiṃ ṭhāne mayhaṃ mātā vā pitā vā bhātā vā añño vā koci ñātako natthi, imā pana dasa pāramiyova mayhaṃ dīgharattaṃ puṭṭhaparijanasadisā. Tasmā mayā pāramiyova balaggaṃ katvā pāramisattheneva paharitvā imaṃ balakāyaṃ viddhaṃsetuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti dasa pāramiyo āvajjamāno nisīdi.
746那时,魔罗天子心想:‘我用风把悉达多赶走。’便发动了风轮。刹那间,从东方等各个方向刮起了大风,这风的力量足以把半由旬、一由旬、二由旬、三由旬大小的山顶打个粉碎,把森林、灌木、大树等连根拔起,把四面八方的村庄、城镇都碾为粉末。然而,这狂风的威力却被大士的福德威光所摧破,等风到了菩萨跟前,连菩萨的衣角都不能稍微吹动。接着,他又发起大雨,心想‘用水淹没他,杀死他’。凭借他的威力,上方升起了百重、千重等各种各样的云层,降下了倾盆大雨。雨柱的力量在地上到处冲出了孔洞和裂缝。但是,当那些大乌云来到森林树木的上方时,却连大士衣服上像露珠那么小的水珠都没沾湿。随后,他又发起石雨。一座座极其巨大的山顶燃烧着,冒着烟和火焰,从空中飞过来,可是一到菩萨面前,就变成了天界的花鬘。然后,他又发起刀剑雨。单刃刀、双刃刀、剑、标枪、剃刀、箭等等,燃烧着、冒着烟和火焰,从空中飞来,到了菩萨面前,都变成了天界的花朵。接着,他又发起炭火雨。像紫矿花颜色的炭火从空中飞来,落在菩萨脚前,变成了天界的花朵散落。然后,他又发起灰烬雨。极其炽热、颜色像烈火一样的灰烬从空中飞来,落到菩萨脚前,变成了旃檀香末。接着,他又发起沙雨。极其微细的沙燃烧着、冒着烟火焰,从空中飞来,在大士脚前化为天界花朵落下。然后,他又发起泥浆雨。那泥浆燃烧着、冒着烟和火焰,从空中飞来,落到菩萨脚前,成了天界的涂香。随后,他又发起黑暗,心想‘用黑暗吓唬悉达多,把他赶走’。那黑暗浓得就像具备了四个条件的最深沉暗夜一样,但是当它碰到菩萨时,就立刻像被阳光照射的黑暗一样消失了。
Atha kho māro devaputto – ‘‘vāteneva siddhatthaṃ palāpessāmī’’ti vātamaṇḍalaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Taṅkhaṇaññeva puratthimādibhedāvātā samuṭṭhahitvā addhayojanayojanadviyojanatiyojanappamāṇāni pabbatakūṭāni padāletvā vanagaccharukkhādīni uddhaṃmūlāni katvā samantā gāmanigame cuṇṇavicuṇṇe kātuṃ samatthāpi mahāpurisassa puññatejena vihatānubhāvā bodhisattaṃ patvā bodhisattassa cīvarakaṇṇamattampi cāletuṃ nāsakkhiṃsu. Tato – ‘‘udakena naṃ ajjhottharitvā māressāmī’’ti mahāvassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Tassānubhāvena uparūpari satapaṭalasahassapaṭalādibhedā valāhakā uṭṭhahitvā vassiṃsu. Vuṭṭhidhārāvegena pathavī chiddāvachiddā ahosi . Vanarukkhādīnaṃ uparibhāgena mahāmegho āgantvā mahāsattassa cīvare ussāvabindugahaṇamattampi temetuṃ nāsakkhi. Tato pāsāṇavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Mahantāni mahantāni pabbatakūṭāni dhūmāyantāni pajjalantāni ākāsenāgantvā bodhisattaṃ patvā dibbamālāguḷabhāvaṃ āpajjiṃsu. Tato paharaṇavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Ekatodhārā ubhatodhārā asisattikhurappādayo dhūmāyantā pajjalantā ākāsenāgantvā bodhisattaṃ patvā dibbapupphāni ahesuṃ. Tato aṅgāravassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Kiṃsukavaṇṇā aṅgārā ākāsenāgantvā bodhisattassa pādamūle dibbapupphāni hutvā vikiriṃsu. Tato kukkuḷavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Accuṇho aggivaṇṇo kukkuḷo ākāsenāgantvā bodhisattassa pādamūle candanacuṇṇaṃ hutvā nipatati. Tato vālukāvassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Atisukhumā vālukā dhūmāyantā pajjalantā ākāsenāgantvā mahāsattassa pādamūle dibbapupphāni hutvā nipatiṃsu. Tato kalalavassaṃ samuṭṭhāpesi, taṃ kalalaṃ dhūmāyantaṃ pajjalantaṃ ākāsenāgantvā bodhisattassa pādamūle dibbavilepanaṃ hutvā nipatati. Tato ‘‘iminā bhiṃsetvā siddhatthaṃ palāpessāmī’’ti andhakāraṃ samuṭṭhāpesi. Taṃ caturaṅgasamannāgataṃ andhakāraṃ viya mahātamaṃ hutvā bodhisattaṃ patvā sūriyappabhāvihataṃ viya andhakāraṃ antaradhāyi.
747魔罗用这风、雨、石头、刀剑、炭火、灰烬、沙、泥浆、黑暗九种攻击,都无法赶走菩萨。于是他喝令眷属:‘喂,你们还站着干什么!抓住这个悉达多太子,杀掉他,赶走他!’说完,自己骑上山肋象的肩膀,手持轮宝,靠近菩萨,说:‘悉达多,从这座位上起来!这个座位不该属于你,它应属于我。’大士听了他的话,说道:‘魔罗,你既没有圆满十波罗蜜,也没有圆满近波罗蜜,更没有圆满究竟义波罗蜜;既没有实行五大遍舍,也没有圆满利益亲族之行、利益世间之行和成佛之行。这一切都是我圆满成就的。因此,这个座位不应属于你,它只应属于我。’
Evaṃ so māro imāhi navahi vātavassapāsāṇapaharaṇaaṅgārakukkuḷavālukākalalandhakāravuṭṭhīhi bodhisattaṃ palāpetuṃ asakkonto – ‘‘kiṃ, bhaṇe, tiṭṭhatha, imaṃ siddhatthakumāraṃ gaṇhatha hanatha palāpethā’’ti attano parisaṃ āṇāpetvā sayampi girimekhalassa hatthino khandhe nisinno cakkāvudhaṃ ādāya bodhisattaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘siddhattha, uṭṭhehi etasmā pallaṅkā, nāyaṃ tuyhaṃ pāpuṇāti, mayhaṃ esa pāpuṇātī’’ti āha. Mahāsatto tassa vacanaṃ sutvā avoca – ‘‘māra, neva tayā dasa pāramiyo pūritā, na upapāramiyo, na paramatthapāramiyo, nāpi pañca mahāpariccāgā pariccattā, na ñātatthacariyā, na lokatthacariyā, na buddhatthacariyā pūritā, sabbā tā mayāyeva pūritā, tasmā nāyaṃ pallaṅko tuyhaṃ pāpuṇāti, mayheveso pāpuṇātī’’ti.
748魔罗愤怒难忍,向大士投出了轮宝。就在菩萨专注忆念十波罗蜜时,那轮宝在菩萨头顶上方变成花冠停住。据说,那锋利无比的轮宝,平时若由愤怒者投出,能像砍断芦苇一样劈开整块巨大石柱;现在,它却化为花冠停在那里。看到这一幕,其他魔众心想:‘这下悉达多该从座位上起来逃跑了。’于是他们将极其巨大的山巅投掷过去,那些山巅也在大士专注忆念十波罗蜜之际,化成了花环,散落在地。那些站在铁围山顶的天神们,伸长脖子,抬起头远远地望着,悲叹道:‘哎呀!悉达多太子那无与伦比的庄严色身,真的要毁灭了!他究竟该怎么办呢?’
Māro kuddho kodhavegaṃ asahanto mahāpurisassa cakkāvudhaṃ vissajjesi. Taṃ tassa dasa pāramiyo āvajjentasseva uparibhāge mālāvitānaṃ hutvā aṭṭhāsi. Taṃ kira khuradhāraṃ cakkāvudhaṃ aññadā kuddhena vissaṭṭhaṃ ekagghanapāsāṇatthambhe vaṃsakaḷīre viya chindantaṃ gacchati. Idāni pana tasmiṃ mālāvitānaṃ hutvā ṭhite avasesā māraparisā ‘‘idāni siddhattho pallaṅkato vuṭṭhāya palāyissatī’’ti mahantamahantāni selakūṭāni vissajjesuṃ, tānipi mahāpurisassa dasa pāramiyo āvajjentassa mālāguḷabhāvaṃ āpajjitvā bhūmiyaṃ patiṃsu. Devatā cakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ ṭhitā gīvaṃ pasāretvā sīsaṃ ukkhipitvā ‘‘naṭṭho vata, bho, siddhatthakumārassa rūpaggappatto attabhāvo, kiṃ nu kho so karissatī’’ti olokenti.
749于是菩萨说了:“对于已经圆满诸波罗蜜的菩萨而言,在成正觉的那一天,这‘所获得的菩提座’(pattapallaṅka)必然归属于我。”然后,他对站在一旁的魔罗说:“魔罗,你做过布施,谁是见证者呢?”魔罗说:“这些人全都是见证者。”说着便将手伸向魔军。就在那一刻,魔罗的眷属中响起了“我作证,我作证”的喧嚷声,那声音如同大地震裂的巨响。接着,魔罗反问大人:“悉达多,你做过布施,谁是见证者呢?”大人回应道:“对于你所做的布施,尚有那些有思惟的心所为见证者;然而此刻,在我身边却找不到任何一个有心识的见证人。暂且不论我在其他生中所做的布施,单说我处于韦桑答拉身时,我所做的七次大布施,这坚实厚重的大地虽是无心之物,也能为我作证!”说完,他从袈裟内伸出右手,朝向大地,说道:“在我处于韦桑答拉身时,我所做的七次大布施,你是见证,还是不是见证?”
Tato bodhisatto ‘‘pūritapāramīnaṃ bodhisattānaṃ sambujjhanadivase pattapallaṅko mayhaṃ pāpuṇātī’’ti vatvā ṭhitaṃ māraṃ āha – ‘‘māra, tuyhaṃ dānassa dinnabhāve ko sakkhī’’ti. Māro ‘‘ime ettakāva janā sakkhino’’ti mārabalābhimukhaṃ hatthaṃ pasāresi. Tasmiṃ khaṇe māraparisāya ‘‘ahaṃ sakkhi, ahaṃ sakkhī’’ti pavattasaddo pathaviundriyanasaddasadiso ahosi. Atha māro mahāpurisaṃ āha – ‘‘siddhattha, tuyhaṃ dānassa dinnabhāve ko sakkhī’’ti. Mahāpuriso ‘‘tuyhaṃ tāva dānassa dinnabhāve sacetanā sakkhino, mayhaṃ pana imasmiṃ ṭhāne sacetano koci sakkhi nāma natthi, tiṭṭhatu tāva me avasesaattabhāvesu dinnadānaṃ, vessantarattabhāve pana ṭhatvā mayhaṃ sattasatakamahādānassa tāva dinnabhāve acetanāpi ayaṃ ghanamahāpathavī sakkhī’’ti cīvaragabbhantarato dakkhiṇahatthaṃ abhinīharitvā ‘‘vessantarattabhāve ṭhatvā mayhaṃ sattasatakamahādānassa dinnabhāve tvaṃ sakkhi, na sakkhī’’ti mahāpathaviyābhimukhaṃ hatthaṃ pasāresi. Mahāpathavī ‘‘ahaṃ te tadā sakkhī’’ti viravasatena viravasahassena viravasatasahassena mārabalaṃ avattharamānā viya unnadi.
750那时,当大人正在忆念韦桑答拉施,并说:“悉达多,你所做的这大布施、最上布施”时,那长达一百五十由旬的吉里梅卡拉象双膝跪地,魔罗众向四方和四隅逃窜,没有两个人是同路的;他们纷纷丢弃头上的冠饰和身上的衣服,朝着各自面对的方向仓皇逃跑。接着,天神众看到魔军败逃,便互相宣告:“魔罗战败了,悉达多太子胜利了,我们来行胜利供养吧!”于是,天神对天神、龙对龙、金翅鸟对金翅鸟、梵天对梵天这样宣告之后,手持香花等供品,来到大人面前,来到菩提座旁。
Tato mahāpurise ‘‘dinnaṃ te, siddhattha, mahādānaṃ uttamadāna’’nti vessantaradānaṃ sammasante diyaḍḍhayojanasatiko girimekhalahatthī jaṇṇukehi pathaviyaṃ patiṭṭhāsi, māraparisā disāvidisā palāyiṃsu, dve ekamaggena gatā nāma natthi, sīsābharaṇāni ceva nivatthavasanāni ca chaḍḍetvā sammukhasammukhadisāhiyeva palāyiṃsu. Tato devasaṅghā palāyamānaṃ mārabalaṃ disvā ‘‘mārassa parājayo jāto, siddhatthakumārassa jayo jāto, jayapūjaṃ karissāmā’’ti devatā devatānaṃ, nāgā nāgānaṃ, supaṇṇā supaṇṇānaṃ, brahmāno brahmānaṃ ghosetvā gandhamālādihatthā mahāpurisassa santikaṃ bodhipallaṅkaṃ āgamaṃsu.
751当魔罗众这样离开后,他们——
Evaṃ gatesu pana tesu –
752这是吉祥佛陀的胜利,这是邪恶魔罗的败北;
‘‘Jayo hi buddhassa sirīmato ayaṃ, mārassa ca pāpimato parājayo;
753喜悦地在菩提座那里宣告,那时,天神众宣告了大仙的胜利。
Ugghosayuṃ bodhimaṇḍe pamoditā, jayaṃ tadā devagaṇā mahesino.
754这是吉祥佛陀的胜利,是邪恶魔罗的落败;
‘‘Jayo hi buddhassa sirīmato ayaṃ, mārassa ca pāpimato parājayo;
755喜悦地在菩提座那里宣告,那时,龙众宣告了大仙的胜利。
Ugghosayuṃ bodhimaṇḍe pamoditā, jayaṃ tadā nāgagaṇā mahesino.
756这是吉祥佛陀的胜利,是邪恶魔罗的落败;
‘‘Jayo hi buddhassa sirīmato ayaṃ, mārassa ca pāpimato parājayo;
757喜悦地在菩提座那里宣告,那时,金翅鸟众也宣告了大仙的胜利。
Ugghosayuṃ bodhimaṇḍe pamoditā, jayaṃ tadā supaṇṇasaṅghāpi mahesino.
758这是吉祥佛陀的胜利,是邪恶魔罗的落败;
‘‘Jayo hi buddhassa sirīmato ayaṃ, mārassa ca pāpimato parājayo;
759喜悦地在菩提座那里宣告,那时,梵天众宣告了大仙的胜利。
Ugghosayuṃ bodhimaṇḍe pamoditā, jayaṃ tadā brahmagaṇā mahesino’’ti. –
760其余十千世界界中的天神,手持花环、香、涂香进行供养,同时说着各种赞颂,站在一旁。就这样,当太阳还悬挂在天上时,大人摧毁了魔军;从他衣袍上落下的菩提树嫩芽,像红珊瑚的叶瓣一样,纷纷供养着他。他在初夜忆念宿住,在中夜净化了天眼,在后夜将智慧投入缘起。随后,当他以流转与还灭的方式顺逆观察十二支缘起时,十千世界界震动十二次,震动直达水界边际。
Avasesā dasasu cakkavāḷasahassesu devatā mālāgandhavilepanehi pūjayamānā nānappakārā ca thutiyo vadamānā aṭṭhaṃsu. Evaṃ dharamāneyeva sūriye mahāpuriso mārabalaṃ vidhamitvā cīvarūpari patamānehi bodhirukkhaṅkurehi rattapavāḷadalehi viya pūjiyamāno paṭhamayāme pubbenivāsaṃ anussaritvā majjhimayāme dibbacakkhuṃ visodhetvā pacchimayāme paṭiccasamuppāde ñāṇaṃ otāresi. Athassa dvādasapadikaṃ paccayākāraṃ vaṭṭavivaṭṭavasena anulomapaṭilomato sammasantassa dasasahassī lokadhātu udakapariyantaṃ katvā dvādasakkhattuṃ saṅkampi.
761当大人令十千世界界发出巨响,并在曙光升起之时证悟一切知智,整个十千世界界变得犹如被精心装饰般庄严美丽。东方轮围界口竖立的幢,它的幡飘拂到西方轮围界口;同样,西方轮围界口竖立的幢,其幡拂触东方轮围界口;南方轮围界口竖立的幢,其幡拂触北方轮围界口;北方轮围界口竖立的幢,其幡拂触南方轮围界口。地面竖立的幢,其幡高触梵天界而停住;系在梵天界的幢,其幡垂下触及地面。十千世界界中,该开花的树开了花,该结果的树结满了累累硕果。树干上绽放出茎生莲花,树枝上绽放出枝生莲花,藤蔓上绽放出藤生莲花,空中悬挂着垂莲花;坚硬厚重的石面裂开,一朵又一朵的百叶莲花从上面升起,成为带茎莲花。十千世界界就像抛洒开的花团,又像铺得厚厚的花毯,遍满花朵。轮围之间的八千由旬的中间地狱,过去从未被七个太阳的光芒照到过,此时却一片光明。八万四千由旬深的大海,其水变得甘甜;河流不再流淌;天生盲人看见了色,天生聋人听到了声音,天生跛足的人能行走了,各种镣铐和束缚都断裂脱落。
Mahāpurise pana dasasahassilokadhātuṃ unnādetvā aruṇuggamanavelāya sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ paṭivijjhante sakalā dasasahassī lokadhātu alaṅkatapaṭiyattā ahosi. Pācīnacakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ ussāpitānaṃ dhajānaṃ paṭākā pacchimacakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiṃ paharanti, tathā pacchimacakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ ussāpitānaṃ dhajānaṃ paṭākā pācīnacakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiṃ paharanti, dakkhiṇacakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ ussāpitānaṃ dhajānaṃ paṭākā uttaracakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiṃ paharanti, uttaracakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiyaṃ ussāpitānaṃ dhajānaṃ paṭākā dakkhiṇacakkavāḷamukhavaṭṭiṃ paharanti, pathavitale ussāpitānaṃ dhajānaṃ paṭākā brahmalokaṃ āhacca aṭṭhaṃsu, brahmaloke baddhānaṃ dhajānaṃ paṭākā pathavitale patiṭṭhahiṃsu, dasasahassesu cakkavāḷesu pupphūpagā rukkhā pupphaṃ gaṇhiṃsu, phalūpagā rukkhā phalapiṇḍibhārasahitā ahesuṃ. Khandhesu khandhapadumāni pupphiṃsu, sākhāsu sākhāpadumāni, latāsu latāpadumāni, ākāse olambakapadumāni, ghanasilātalāni bhinditvā uparūpari satapattāni hutvā daṇḍakapadumāni uṭṭhahiṃsu. Dasasahassī lokadhātu vaṭṭetvā vissaṭṭhamālāguḷā viya susanthatapupphasanthāro viya ca pupphābhikiṇṇā ahosi. Cakkavāḷantaresu aṭṭhayojanasahassā lokantarikanirayā sattasūriyappabhāhipianobhāsitapubbā tadā ekobhāsā ahesuṃ. Caturāsītiyojanasahassagambhīro mahāsamuddo madhurodako ahosi, nadiyo na pavattiṃsu, jaccandhā rūpāni passiṃsu, jātibadhirā saddaṃ suṇiṃsu, jātipīṭhasappino padasā gacchiṃsu, andubandhanādīni chijjitvā patiṃsu.
762就这样,在无量的祥瑞光辉中被供养着,当各种各样稀有之法显现之时,这位大人证悟了一切知智,然后发出了所有佛陀从未舍弃过的优陀那:
Evaṃ aparimāṇena sirivibhavena pūjiyamāno mahāpuriso anekappakāresu acchariyadhammesu pātubhūtesu sabbaññutaṃ paṭivijjhitvā sabbabuddhehi avijahitaṃ udānaṃ udānesi –
763“我在无数次的轮回中流转,却一直未能找到——
‘‘Anekajātisaṃsāraṃ, sandhāvissaṃ anibbisaṃ;
764——我寻找着那造屋者,一再地受生就是苦。”
Gahakāraṃ gavesanto, dukkhā jāti punappunaṃ.
765“造屋者!你已经被我看见了,你不能再建造房屋;
‘‘Gahakāraka diṭṭhosi, puna gehaṃ na kāhasi;
766你所有的椽子都毁坏了,屋梁也已经破碎;
Sabbā te phāsukā bhaggā, gahakūṭaṃ visaṅkhataṃ;
767心已到达无行作的状态,我证得了诸渴爱的灭尽。”
Visaṅkhāragataṃ cittaṃ, taṇhānaṃ khayamajjhagā’’ti. (dha. pa. 153-154);
768如此,从住在兜率天开始,直到在此菩提座上生起一切知智为止,这整个阶段,应当知道它被称作「不远因缘」。
Iti tusitabhavanato paṭṭhāya yāva ayaṃ bodhimaṇḍe sabbaññutappatti, ettakaṃ ṭhānaṃ avidūrenidānaṃ nāmāti veditabbaṃ.
801不远因缘的讲述,到此结束。
Avidūrenidānakathā niṭṭhitā.
7693. 近因缘谈
3. Santikenidānakathā
770然而,所谓“近因缘”,是指像“一时,世尊住舍卫城祇树给孤独园”、“住毗舍离城大林重阁讲堂”这样,在各自的地点所获得的说法。虽然如此说,但还应从最初开始这样了解:世尊在胜利的结跏趺座上发出优陀那后,心想:“我为了这个座位,流转了四阿僧祇劫又十万大劫,这么久的时间,完全是为了这个座位,我献出了被装饰的头颅、被割断的脖颈,献出了被涂膏油的眼睛、被挖出的心脏肉,还把像阇利王子那样的儿子、像黑忍鹿那样的女儿、像曼坻妃那样的妻子都送给他人做奴仆。这个座位是我的胜利之座、坚固之座,我坐在这里,所有意愿都已圆满,不达目的绝不起座。” 于是他进入无量百千俱胝禅定,在那里结跏趺坐七日。关于这个,经典中说:“那时,世尊以单一结跏趺座而坐七日,感受解脱之乐。”(《大品·1》;《优陀那·1》)
‘‘Santikenidānaṃ pana ‘ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme’. ‘Vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāya’nti ca evaṃ tasmiṃ tasmiṃ ṭhāneyeva labbhatī’’ti vuttaṃ. Kiñcāpi evaṃ vuttaṃ, atha kho pana tampi ādito paṭṭhāya evaṃ veditabbaṃ – udānañhi udānetvā jayapallaṅke nisinnassa bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘ahaṃ kappasatasahassādhikāni cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni imassa pallaṅkassa kāraṇā sandhāviṃ, ettakaṃ me kālaṃ imasseva pallaṅkassa kāraṇā alaṅkatasīsaṃ gīvāya chinditvā dinnaṃ, suañjitāni akkhīni hadayamaṃsañca uppāṭevā dinnaṃ, jālīkumārasadisā puttā, kaṇhājinakumārisadisā dhītaro, maddīdevisadisā bhariyāyo ca paresaṃ dāsatthāya dinnā. Ayaṃ me pallaṅko jayapallaṅko thirapallaṅko, ettha me nisinnassa saṅkappā paripuṇṇā, na tāva ito vuṭṭhahissāmī’’ti anekakoṭisatasahassasamāpattiyo samāpajjanto sattāhaṃ tattheva nisīdi. Yaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ – ‘‘atha kho bhagavā sattāhaṃ ekapallaṅkena nisīdi vimuttisukhapaṭisaṃvedī’’ti (mahāva. 1; udā. 1).
771那时,部分天人生起了这样的思虑:“悉达多或许至今还有应作之事,因为他对跏趺座尚未舍离爱着。”大师知道了天人的思虑,为了平息他们的思虑,便飞升到空中,显现双神变。因为在大菩提场显现的神变、在亲属集会时显现的神变,以及在波提迦子集会时显现的神变,全都和在阎浮树下所显现的双神变一样。
Atha ekaccānaṃ devatānaṃ ‘‘ajjāpi nūna siddhatthassa kattabbakiccaṃ atthi, pallaṅkasmiñhi ālayaṃ na vijahatī’’ti parivitakko udapādi. Satthā devatānaṃ parivitakkaṃ ñatvā tāsaṃ vitakkavūpasamatthaṃ vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā yamakapāṭihāriyaṃ dassesi. Mahābodhimaṇḍe hi katapāṭihāriyañca ñātisamāgame katapāṭihāriyañca pāthikaputtasamāgame katapāṭihāriyañca sabbaṃ kaṇḍambarukkhamūle katayamakapāṭihāriyasadisaṃ ahosi.
772这样,大师以此神变平息了天人的思虑后,从跏趺座稍微移向东北方站立,心想:“我确实在此座上通达了一切知智。”他以不眨眼的双眼注视着这座位和菩提树——这圆满四阿僧祇劫和十万大劫波罗蜜而获得力量之处,度过了七天。那个地方便被称为“不瞬塔”。然后,大师又在座位与站立处之间,化作一条经行道,在东西向延伸的宝经行道上经行,度过了七天。那个地方便被称为“宝经行塔”。
Evaṃ satthā iminā pāṭihāriyena devatānaṃ vitakkaṃ vūpasametvā pallaṅkato īsakaṃ pācīnanissite uttaradisābhāge ṭhatvā ‘‘imasmiṃ vata me pallaṅke sabbaññutaṃ paṭividdha’’nti cattāri asaṅkhyeyyāni kappasatasahassañca pūritānaṃ pāramīnaṃ balādhigamaṭṭhānaṃ pallaṅkaṃ bodhirukkhañca animisehi akkhīhi olokayamāno sattāhaṃ vītināmesi, taṃ ṭhānaṃ animisacetiyaṃ nāma jātaṃ. Atha satthā pallaṅkassa ca ṭhitaṭṭhānassa ca antarā caṅkamaṃ māpetvā puratthimapacchimato āyate ratanacaṅkame caṅkamanto sattāhaṃ vītināmesi. Taṃ ṭhānaṃ ratanacaṅkamacetiyaṃ nāma jātaṃ.
773第四七日,天人们在菩提树的西北方,变化出一座宝屋。世尊在宝屋里结跏趺坐,审察阿毗达摩藏,特别是以无量方法和全面缘起来审察《发趣论》,这样度过了七天。然而,阿毗达摩论师们说:“所谓‘宝屋’,并非七宝所成的房屋,而是审察七部论之处,故称‘宝屋’。”既然这两种解释都可通融,因此两者都应接受。从那时起,那个地方便被称为“宝屋塔”。就这样,大师在菩提树附近度过了四个七日,在第五七日,从菩提树根处走到阿阇波罗榕树,在那里他同样审察法并感受解脱之乐而坐。
Catutthe pana sattāhe bodhito pacchimuttaradisābhāge devatā ratanagharaṃ māpayiṃsu. Tattha bhagavā pallaṅkena nisīditvā abhidhammapiṭakaṃ visesato cettha anantanayasamantapaṭṭhānaṃ vicinanto sattāhaṃ vītināmesi. Ābhidhammikā panāhu – ‘‘ratanagharaṃ nāma na sattaratanamayaṃ gehaṃ, sattannaṃ pana pakaraṇānaṃ sammasitaṭṭhānaṃ ‘ratanaghara’nti vuccatī’’ti. Yasmā panettha ubhopete pariyāyena yujjanti, tasmā ubhayampetaṃ gahetabbameva. Tato paṭṭhāya pana taṃ ṭhānaṃ ratanagharacetiyaṃ nāma jātaṃ. Evaṃ satthā bodhisamīpeyeva cattāri sattāhāni vītināmetvā pañcame sattāhe bodhirukkhamūlā yena ajapālanigrodho tenupasaṅkami. Tatrāpi dhammaṃ vicinanto vimuttisukhañca paṭisaṃvedento nisīdi.
774那时,恶魔波旬心生忧恼,他想:“我跟踪了这么久,一直想找他的过失,却连一丝一毫的错失都没看到,现在他已经超越了我的控制。”他忧恼地坐在大道上,思考着十六个理由,在地上画了十六道线。他画了一道:“我不像他,因为我没能圆满布施波罗蜜,所以我不可能与他对等。”同样,他又画:“我不像他,因为我没能圆满……出离波罗蜜、智慧波罗蜜、精进波罗蜜、忍辱波罗蜜、真实波罗蜜、决意波罗蜜、慈波罗蜜、舍波罗蜜,所以我不可能与他对等。”画了第十条。同样,他又画:“我不像他,因为我没能圆满那十种波罗蜜,那些波罗蜜是证得无与伦比的根上下智、无与伦比的心随眠智……大悲定智、双神变智、无碍智、一切知智的亲依止缘,所以我不可能与他对等。”画了第十六条。恶魔就这样以这些理由,在大道上画了十六道线,坐在那里。
Tasmiṃ samaye māro pāpimā ‘‘ettakaṃ kālaṃ anubandhanto otārāpekkhopi imassa na kiñci khalitaṃ addasaṃ, atikkantodāni esa mama vasa’’nti domanassappatto mahāmagge nisīditvā soḷasa kāraṇāni cintento bhūmiyaṃ soḷasa lekhā ākaḍḍhi – ‘‘ahaṃ eso viya dānapāramiṃ na pūresiṃ, tenamhi iminā sadiso na jāto’’ti ekaṃ lekhaṃ ākaḍḍhi. Tathā ‘‘ahaṃ eso viya sīlapāramiṃ…pe… nekkhammapāramiṃ, paññāpāramiṃ, vīriyapāramiṃ, khantipāramiṃ, saccapāramiṃ, adhiṭṭhānapāramiṃ, mettāpāramiṃ, upekkhāpāramiṃ na pūresiṃ, tenamhi iminā sadiso na jāto’’ti dasamaṃ lekhaṃ ākaḍḍhi. Tathā ‘‘ahaṃ eso viya asādhāraṇassa indriyaparopariyattañāṇassa paṭivedhāya upanissayabhūtā dasa pāramiyo na pūresiṃ, tenamhi iminā sadiso na jāto’’ti ekādasamaṃ lekhaṃ ākaḍḍhi. Tathā ‘‘ahaṃ eso viya asādhāraṇassa āsayānusayañāṇassa…pe… mahākaruṇāsamāpattiñāṇassa, yamakapāṭihāriyañāṇassa, anāvaraṇañāṇassa, sabbaññutaññāṇassa paṭivedhāya upanissayabhūtā dasa pāramiyo na pūresiṃ, tenamhi iminā sadiso na jāto’’ti soḷasamaṃ lekhaṃ ākaḍḍhi. Evaṃ māro imehi kāraṇehi mahāmagge soḷasa lekhā ākaḍḍhitvā nisīdi.
775那时,爱、不乐、贪染三位魔女(《相应部·1·161》)心想:“我们的父亲怎么见不到,他现在在哪儿呢?”她们到处看,看见父亲忧愁地坐在地上画线,就走过去问:“父亲,您为什么痛苦忧愁呢?”恶魔说:“女儿们,这个大沙门已经超越了我的控制,我观察了这么久,竟然找不到他任何可乘之机,所以我痛苦忧愁。”魔女们说:“如果是这样,别担心,我们会把他置于我们的控制下带回来。”恶魔说:“女儿们,这不可能,这个人已经建立了不可动摇的信心,没人能控制他。”魔女们说:“父亲,我们是女人,现在就用贪欲的绳索等把他绑来,您别担心。”说完,她们来到世尊面前,说:“沙门,我们愿以足下侍奉您。”世尊完全不理睬她们的话,也没睁眼看她们,只是安住在无上的、依灭尽依着的解脱中,独自享受远离之乐。
Tasmiñca samaye taṇhā, arati, ragā cāti tisso māradhītaro (saṃ. ni. 1.161) ‘‘pitā no na paññāyati, kahaṃ nu kho etarahī’’ti olokayamānā taṃ domanassappattaṃ bhūmiṃ lekhamānaṃ nisinnaṃ disvā pitu santikaṃ gantvā ‘‘kasmā, tāta, tvaṃ dukkhī dummano’’ti pucchiṃsu. ‘‘Ammā, ayaṃ mahāsamaṇo mayhaṃ vasaṃ atikkanto, ettakaṃ kālaṃ olokento otāramassa daṭṭhuṃ nāsakkhiṃ, tenamhi dukkhī dummano’’ti. ‘‘Yadi evaṃ mā cintayittha, mayametaṃ attano vase katvā ādāya āgamissāmā’’ti āhaṃsu. ‘‘Na sakkā, ammā, esa kenaci vase kātuṃ, acalāya saddhāya patiṭṭhito esa puriso’’ti. ‘‘Tāta, mayaṃ itthiyo nāma, idāneva naṃ rāgapāsādīhi bandhitvā ānessāma, tumhe mā cintayitthā’’ti vatvā bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘pāde te, samaṇa , paricāremā’’ti āhaṃsu. Bhagavā neva tāsaṃ vacanaṃ manasi akāsi, na akkhīni ummīletvā olokesi, anuttare upadhisaṅkhaye vimuttiyā vivekasukhaññeva anubhavanto nisīdi.
776魔女又想:“男人的心意高低不同,有的喜欢少女,有的喜欢初成年的,有的喜欢中年的,有的喜欢晚年的。我们何不用种种不同的形色来诱惑他,然后抓住他?”于是,她们各自变化出不同的身分:少女、未生育的女人、只生过一次的、生过两次的、中年妇女,直到老妇人,六次来到世尊面前,说:“沙门,我们愿以足下侍奉您。”世尊对此也完全不加理睬,正如同无上、依灭尽依着而解脱的人所应有的那样。但有一些老师说:“世尊看到她们以老妇人形貌过来,就决意说:‘让她们变成牙齿残缺、头发灰白的样子吧。’”这种说法不应接受。为什么呢?因为世尊不会做这样的决意。世尊只是呵斥说:“你们走开!你们看见了什么而这样努力?这种事情,只适合在未离欲等人面前做。但是如来已经断除了贪、断除了瞋、断除了痴。”接着他就从自己断除烦恼的角度,说道:
Puna māradhītaro ‘‘uccāvacā kho purisānaṃ adhippāyā, kesañci kumārikāsu pemaṃ hoti, kesañci paṭhamavaye ṭhitāsu, kesañci majjhimavaye ṭhitāsu, kesañci pacchimavaye ṭhitāsu, yaṃnūna mayaṃ nānappakārehi rūpehi palobhetvā gaṇheyyāmā’’ti ekamekā kumārikavaṇṇādivasena sakaṃ sakaṃ attabhāvaṃ abhinimminitvā kumārikā, avijātā, sakiṃvijātā, duvijātā, majjhimitthiyo, mahitthiyo ca hutvā chakkhattuṃ bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘pāde te, samaṇa, paricāremā’’ti āhaṃsu. Tampi bhagavā na manasākāsi, yathā taṃ anuttare upadhisaṅkhaye vimutto. Keci panācariyā vadanti – ‘‘tā mahitthibhāvena upagatā disvā bhagavā – ‘etā khaṇḍadantā palitakesā hontū’ti adhiṭṭhāsī’’ti. Taṃ na gahetabbaṃ. Na hi bhagavā evarūpaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ akāsi. Bhagavā pana ‘‘apetha tumhe, kiṃ disvā evaṃ vāyamatha, evarūpaṃ nāma avītarāgādīnaṃ purato kātuṃ vaṭṭati. Tathāgatassa pana rāgo pahīno, doso pahīno, moho pahīno’’ti attano kilesappahānaṃ ārabbha –
777他所战胜的不会退失,他所战胜的,世间无人能跟随而去;
‘‘Yassa jitaṃ nāvajīyati, jitamassa noyāti koci loke;
778那位佛陀,境界无边无际,无有踪迹,你们要用什么踪迹去引导他呢?
Taṃ buddhamanantagocaraṃ, apadaṃ kena padena nessatha.
779对于那个不再有任何贪欲之网、任何渴爱黏着,也不会被带向任何地方的人,
‘‘Yassa jālinī visattikā, taṇhā natthi kuhiñci netave;
780那位佛陀,境界无边无际,无有踪迹,你们要用什么踪迹去引导他呢?(《法句经》第179-180颂)——
Taṃ buddhamanantagocaraṃ, apadaṃ kena padena nessathā’’ti. (dha. pa. 179-180) –
781世尊在《法句经》的〈佛陀品〉中宣说这两首偈颂,当时他正在开示佛法。她们听了“父亲确实对我们说过:‘阿拉汉、善逝在这世间,是不会被贪欲牵着走的’”等话(《相应部·1·161》)之后,就回到了父亲身边。
Imā dhammapade buddhavagge dve gāthā vadanto dhammaṃ desesi. Tā ‘‘saccaṃ kira no pitā avoca, ‘arahaṃ sugato loke, na rāgena suvānayo’’’tiādīni (saṃ. ni. 1.161) vatvā pitu santikaṃ āgamiṃsu.
782世尊就在那棵树下度过了七天,然后前往目支邻陀树根处。在那里,整整七天大雨倾盆。名为目支邻陀的龙王为了给世尊阻挡寒冷等,用身体将世尊盘绕了七圈。世尊就像在不拥挤的香舍中安住一样,感受着解脱之乐,度过了七日。接着,他又来到王族树处,在那里同样持续感受解脱之乐,又度过了七日。到此为止,整整七个七日都已圆满了。在这期间,世尊没有洗脸,没有照料身体,也没有进食的需要,只是借着禅那之乐和果定之乐度过。
Bhagavāpi tattheva sattāhaṃ vītināmetvā tato mucalindamūlaṃ agamāsi. Tattha sattāhavaddalikāya uppannāya sītādipaṭibāhanatthaṃ mucalindena nāma nāgarājena sattakkhattuṃ bhogehi parikkhitto asambādhāya gandhakuṭiyaṃ viharanto viya vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvediyamāno sattāhaṃ vītināmetvā rājāyatanaṃ upasaṅkamitvā tatthapi vimuttisukhaṃ paṭisaṃvediyamānoyeva sattāhaṃ vītināmesi. Ettāvatā satta sattāhāni paripuṇṇāni. Etthantare neva mukhadhovanaṃ, na sarīrapaṭijagganaṃ , na āhārakiccaṃ ahosi, jhānasukhaphalasukheneva ca vītināmesi.
783就在这七个七日结束的时候,也就是第四十九天,世尊坐在那里,心中生起一个念头:“我要洗洗脸。”诸天之主帝释天取来河黎勒妙药奉献,大师服用之后,身体就有了排泄。紧接着,帝释天又献来龙蔓齿木和洗脸水。大师嚼了齿木,用阿耨达池水洗了脸,然后就在那王族树根下坐了下来。
Athassa tasmiṃ sattasattāhamatthake ekūnapaññāsatime divase tattha nisinnassa ‘‘mukhaṃ dhovissāmī’’ti cittaṃ udapādi. Sakko devānamindo agadaharītakaṃ āharitvā adāsi, satthā taṃ paribhuñji, tenassa sarīravaḷañjo ahosi. Athassa sakkoyeva nāgalatādantakaṭṭhañceva mukhadhovanodakañca adāsi. Satthā taṃ dantakaṭṭhaṃ khāditvāva anotattadahodakena mukhaṃ dhovitvā tattheva rājāyatanamūle nisīdi.
784正在那时,有两位名叫多波富沙和跋利迦的商人,驾着五百辆车,从乌卡拉地区前往中部地区。先前,他们一位已故亲族中的天神将他们的车拦下,鼓励他们为大师准备食物。于是,他们带着炒面和蜜丸,上前请求说:“大德,世尊,请您出于慈悯,接受我们这些食物吧。”世尊在受食乳糜的那一天,钵就已经消失不见,因此心想:“如来是不用手来接受食物的,那我该用什么来接呢?”知道世尊的心念之后,四方的四大天王各自捧着蓝宝石钵前来奉献,世尊一一谢绝了。他们又再献上四个绿豆色的石钵。世尊为了护念四大天王的信心,把四个钵全都接受下来,将它们上下叠放,决意说:“变成一个吧。”四个钵便只在口沿处留下痕迹,以中等的尺寸合为一体。世尊就用这个昂贵的石钵接受了食物,用完餐后,做了随喜祝愿。那两位商人兄弟皈依了佛与法,成为了二皈依的居士。接着,他们又恳求说:“大德,请赐给我们一个可供礼敬之物吧。”世尊便用右手抚摸自己的头顶,赐予了他们头发。他们将这头发安放在自己城中一个金匣子里面,建起了一座塔。
Tasmiṃ samaye tapussa bhallikā nāma dve vāṇijā pañcahi sakaṭasatehi ukkalā janapadā majjhimadesaṃ gacchantā pubbe attano ñātisālohitāya devatāya sakaṭāni sannirumbhitvā satthu āhārasampādane ussāhitā manthañca madhupiṇḍikañca ādāya – ‘‘paṭiggaṇhātu no, bhante, bhagavā imaṃ āhāraṃ anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti satthāraṃ upanāmetvā aṭṭhaṃsu. Bhagavā pāyāsapaṭiggahaṇadivaseyeva pattassa antarahitattā ‘‘na kho tathāgatā hatthesu paṭiggaṇhanti, kimhi nu kho ahaṃ paṭiggaṇheyya’’nti cintesi. Athassa cittaṃ ñatvā catūhi disāhi cattāro mahārājāno indanīlamaṇimaye patte upanāmesuṃ, bhagavā te paṭikkhipi. Puna muggavaṇṇaselamaye cattāro patte upanāmesuṃ. Bhagavā catunnampi mahārājānaṃ saddhānurakkhaṇatthāya cattāropi patte paṭiggahetvā uparūpari ṭhapetvā ‘‘eko hotū’’ti adhiṭṭhāsi. Cattāropi mukhavaṭṭiyaṃ paññāyamānalekhā hutvā majjhimappamāṇena ekattaṃ upagamiṃsu. Bhagavā tasmiṃ paccagghe selamaye patte āhāraṃ paṭiggahetvā paribhuñjitvā anumodanaṃ akāsi. Te dve bhātaro vāṇijā buddhañca dhammañca saraṇaṃ gantvā dvevācikā upāsakā ahesuṃ. Atha nesaṃ ‘‘ekaṃ no, bhante, paricaritabbaṭṭhānaṃ dethā’’ti vadantānaṃ dakkhiṇahatthena attano sīsaṃ parāmasitvā kesadhātuyo adāsi. Te attano nagare tā dhātuyo suvaṇṇasamuggassa anto pakkhipitvā cetiyaṃ patiṭṭhāpesuṃ.
785正自觉者从那里起身,又回到了阿迦巴喇尼拘律树,在树根下坐了下来。就在他刚刚坐下,反省自己所证悟之法的深奥时,出现了一个所有佛陀都会有的惯常念头:‘我经过艰难才证得的这个法,何必去对别人宣说呢?’他对于不想说法的心态产生了这样的思虑。这时,娑婆主梵天带领着帝释天、夜摩天、兜率天、化乐天、他化自在天和大梵天等一万个世界的众多天众,来到大师面前,用‘大德,世尊,请您说法吧’等方式,恳请他转法轮。
Sammāsambuddho pana tato vuṭṭhāya puna ajapālanigrodhameva gantvā nigrodhamūle nisīdi. Athassa tattha nisinnamattasseva attanā adhigatadhammassa gambhīrataṃ paccavekkhantassa sabbabuddhānaṃ āciṇṇo – ‘‘kicchena adhigato kho myāyaṃ dhammo’’ti paresaṃ adesetukāmatākārappatto vitakko udapādi. Atha kho brahmā sahampati ‘‘nassati vata bho loko, vinassati vata bho loko’’ti dasahi cakkavāḷasahassehi sakkasuyāmasantusitanimmānarativasavattimahābrahmāno ādāya satthu santikaṃ āgantvā ‘‘desetu, bhante, bhagavā dhamma’’ntiādinā nayena dhammadesanaṃ āyāci.
786大师答应了他的请求后,心里想:‘我应该先为谁说法呢?’他想到:‘阿罗逻是个智者,他会很快领悟这个法。’但他再仔细观察,就知道阿罗逻已在七天前去世了。他又转而想到优陀迦,得知他也在昨夜去世了。于是心想:‘五群比丘对我有极大的恩德。’他把注意力转向五群比丘,思惟:‘他们现在住在哪里呢?’当他了知他们是在‘波罗奈的仙人堕处鹿野苑’后,便在菩提道场附近托钵游行,住了几天。然后决定:‘我将在阿沙荼月满月那天,前往波罗奈转法轮。’于是,在那个半月的第十四天,他于后夜起身,到了拂晓天明时,就拿着衣钵,踏上了十八由旬的路程。途中,他遇到一位名叫优波迦的邪命外道,便告诉他,自己已经成佛。就在当天傍晚,大师到达了仙人堕处。
Satthā tassa paṭiññaṃ datvā ‘‘kassa nu kho ahaṃ paṭhamaṃ dhammaṃ deseyya’’nti cintento ‘‘āḷāro paṇḍito, so imaṃ dhammaṃ khippaṃ ājānissatī’’ti cittaṃ uppādetvā puna olokento tassa sattāhakālaṅkatabhāvaṃ ñatvā udakaṃ āvajjesi. Tassāpi abhidosakālaṅkatabhāvaṃ ñatvā ‘‘bahūpakārā kho me pañcavaggiyā bhikkhū’’ti pañcavaggiye ārabbha manasi katvā ‘‘kahaṃ nu kho te etarahi viharantī’’ti āvajjento ‘‘bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye’’ti ñatvā katipāhaṃ bodhimaṇḍasāmantāyeva piṇḍāya caranto viharitvā ‘‘āsāḷhipuṇṇamāyaṃ bārāṇasiṃ gantvā dhammacakkaṃ pavattessāmī’’ti pakkhassa cātuddasiyaṃ paccūsasamaye paccuṭṭhāya pabhātāya rattiyā kālasseva pattacīvaramādāya aṭṭhārasayojanamaggaṃ paṭipanno antarāmagge upakaṃ nāma ājīvakaṃ disvā tassa attano buddhabhāvaṃ ācikkhitvā taṃ divasameva sāyanhasamaye isipatanaṃ sampāpuṇi.
787五群比丘远远看见如来走过来,就互相约定:‘贤友们,这个沙门乔达摩由于贪着丰富的资具而退转了,现在身体肥壮、诸根满足、肤色金色地来了。我们不要向他问讯行礼,但他毕竟出身高贵,是应该被施设座位的,就只为他准备一个座位吧。’世尊凭借能完全知道包括天神世界在内的一切众生心念趋向的智慧,思察道:‘他们心里在想什么呢?’于是知道了他们的心念。然后,他将那本来能无分别遍满一切天人的慈心收摄起来,转而以有差别的慈心遍满这五个人。那些比丘被世尊的慈心所熏染,当如来走近时,他们无法坚持自己的约定,都起身迎上前去,履行了问讯等一切应有的义务。不过,他们并不知道世尊已经成了正自觉者,仍然只用名字和‘贤友’的称呼来和他说话。
Pañcavaggiyā tathāgataṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ disvā ‘‘ayaṃ āvuso, samaṇo gotamo paccayabāhullāya āvattitvā paripuṇṇakāyo pīṇindriyo suvaṇṇavaṇṇo hutvā āgacchati. Imassa vandanādīni na karissāma, mahākulappasuto kho panesa āsanābhihāraṃ arahati, tenassa āsanamattaṃ paññāpessāmā’’ti katikaṃ akaṃsu. Bhagavā sadevakassa lokassa cittācārajānanasamatthena ñāṇena ‘‘kiṃ nu kho ime cintayiṃsū’’ti āvajjetvā cittaṃ aññāsi. Atha tesu sabbadevamanussesu anodissakavasena pharaṇasamatthaṃ mettacittaṃ saṅkhipitvā odissakavasena mettacittena phari. Te bhagavatā mettacittena saṃphuṭṭhā tathāgate upasaṅkamante sakāya katikāya saṇṭhātuṃ asakkontā paccuggantvā abhivādanādīni sabbakiccāni akaṃsu. Sammāsambuddhabhāvaṃ panassa ajānantā kevalaṃ nāmena ca āvusovādena ca samudācariṃsu.
788随后,世尊对他们说:‘比丘们,不要用名字和“贤友”的称呼来对待如来。比丘们,如来是阿罗汉、正自觉者。’这样宣示了自己的佛位后,他坐在那最殊胜的施设佛座上,正值北阿沙荼星宿合会的时节,被十八亿梵天众围绕着,唤来五群长老,为他们开示了三转、十二行相、展现六种智慧的无上《转法轮经》(《大品》13等;《相应部·大品》5.1081)。其中,憍陈如长老随顺着说法次第修观,在说法结束时,连同十八亿梵天众一起,证得了入流果。大师便在那里进入雨安居。第二天,在住处坐着教诫跋波长老,其余四位比丘外出乞食。跋波长老在午前就证得了入流果。用同样的方法,次日他教诫跋地亚长老,再一天教诫摩诃男长老,再一天教诫阿说示长老,使他们全都立足于入流果。在半月第五天,他把这五位长老召集起来,为他们开示《无我相经》(《大品》20等;《相应部》3.59)。说法完毕时,五位长老全部立足于阿罗汉果。接着,大师看到善男子耶舍具备证悟的因缘。那个良家子在夜间生起厌离心,离家出走。大师就呼唤他:‘来,耶舍!’就在当晚,让他立足于入流果,第二天,又让他立足于阿罗汉果。随后,又让他的其他五十四位朋友以‘善来比丘’的出家方式出了家,证得了阿罗汉果。
Atha ne bhagavā – ‘‘mā, bhikkhave, tathāgataṃ nāmena ca āvusovādena ca samudācaratha. Arahaṃ, bhikkhave, tathāgato sammāsambuddho’’ti attano buddhabhāvaṃ ñāpetvā paññattavarabuddhāsane nisinno uttarāsāḷhanakkhattayoge vattamāne aṭṭhārasahi brahmakoṭīhi parivuto pañcavaggiyatthere āmantetvā tiparivaṭṭaṃ dvādasākāraṃ chañāṇavijambhanaṃ anuttaraṃ dhammacakkappavattanasuttantaṃ (mahāva. 13 ādayo; saṃ. ni. 5.1081) desesi. Tesu koṇḍaññatthero desanānusārena ñāṇaṃ pesento suttapariyosāne aṭṭhārasahi brahmakoṭīhi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi. Satthā tattheva vassaṃ upagantvā punadivase vappattheraṃ ovadanto vihāreyeva nisīdi, sesā cattāropi piṇḍāya cariṃsu. Vappatthero pubbaṇheyeva sotāpattiphalaṃ pāpuṇi . Etenevupāyena punadivase bhaddiyattheraṃ, punadivase mahānāmattheraṃ, punadivase assajittheranti sabbe sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāpetvā pañcamiyaṃ pakkhassa pañcapi there sannipātetvā anattalakkhaṇasuttantaṃ (mahāva. 20 ādayo; saṃ. ni. 3.59) desesi. Desanāpariyosāne pañcapi therā arahatte patiṭṭhahiṃsu. Atha satthā yasassa kulaputtassa upanissayaṃ disvā taṃ rattibhāge nibbijjitvā gehaṃ pahāya nikkhantaṃ ‘‘ehi yasā’’ti pakkositvā tasmiṃyeva rattibhāge sotāpattiphale, punadivase arahatte patiṭṭhāpetvā, aparepi tassa sahāyake catupaññāsajane ehibhikkhupabbajjāya pabbājetvā arahattaṃ pāpesi.
789就这样,当世间有了六十一位阿罗汉时,导师度过了雨安居、举行了自恣后,说:‘比丘们,去游行吧!’便将六十位比丘遣往各个方向,自己则前往优楼频螺。在途中,于棉林中调伏了三十位贤部青年。他们中最后一位成为入流者,最上一位成为阿那含。导师也以‘来,比丘!’的方式让他们全部出家,再遣往各方,然后到了优楼频螺。他示现三千五百种神变,调伏了以优楼频螺迦叶为首、各有千位螺髻随众的三兄弟螺髻外道,同样以‘来,比丘!’的方式让他们出家,在象头山让他们坐下,通过开示《燃烧法门》(Ādittapariyāya)使他们安立于阿罗汉果。之后,在那一千位阿罗汉的围绕下,心想:‘我要兑现对频婆娑罗王许下的承诺’,便前往王舍城附近的杖林苑。国王从苑丁那儿得知‘导师来了’,便由十二那呼塔的婆罗门居士们围绕着,来到导师面前。那时,如来双足放出光芒,宛如铺展在种种彩绘轮盘上的金缕伞盖,国王以头面顶礼世尊的双足,与随众一起坐在一旁。
Evaṃ loke ekasaṭṭhiyā arahantesu jātesu satthā vuṭṭhavasso pavāretvā ‘‘caratha bhikkhave cārika’’nti saṭṭhibhikkhū disāsu pesetvā sayaṃ uruvelaṃ gacchanto antarāmagge kappāsikavanasaṇḍe tiṃsabhaddavaggiyakumāre vinesi. Tesu sabbapacchimako sotāpanno, sabbuttamo anāgāmī ahosi. Tepi sabbe ehibhikkhubhāveneva pabbājetvā disāsu pesetvā uruvelaṃ gantvā aḍḍhuḍḍhapāṭihāriyasahassāni dassetvā uruvelakassapādayo sahassajaṭilaparivāre tebhātikajaṭile vinetvā ehibhikkhubhāvena pabbājetvā gayāsīse nisīdāpetvā ādittapariyāyadesanāya (mahāva. 54) arahatte patiṭṭhāpetvā tena arahantasahassena parivuto ‘‘bimbisārarañño dinnapaṭiññaṃ mocessāmī’’ti rājagahanagarūpacāre laṭṭhivanuyyānaṃ agamāsi. Rājā uyyānapālassa santikā ‘‘satthā āgato’’ti sutvā dvādasanahutehi brāhmaṇagahapatikehi parivuto satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā cakkavicittatalesu suvaṇṇapaṭṭavitānaṃ viya pabhāsamudayaṃ vissajjentesu tathāgatassa pādesu sirasā nipatitvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi saddhiṃ parisāya.
790那时,那些婆罗门居士心里想:‘这大沙门是在伍卢韦喇迦叶那里修梵行呢?还是伍卢韦喇迦叶在大沙门这里修梵行?’世尊知道他们心中的遍寻后,便以偈颂对伍卢韦喇迦叶说:
Atha kho tesaṃ brāhmaṇagahapatikānaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho mahāsamaṇo uruvelakassape brahmacariyaṃ carati, udāhu uruvelakassapo mahāsamaṇe’’ti. Bhagavā tesaṃ cetassā cetoparivitakkamaññāya uruvelakassapaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
791‘见到了什么,优楼频螺的居住者,你舍弃了火供,变得消瘦却又教化他人?’
‘‘Kimeva disvā uruvelavāsi, pahāsi aggiṃ kisakovadāno;
792‘我问你,迦叶,这个道理:你的火供是如何被舍断的?(Pucchāmi taṃ kassapa etamatthaṃ, kathaṃ pahīnaṃ tava aggihutta’nti.)’
Pucchāmi taṃ kassapa etamatthaṃ, kathaṃ pahīnaṃ tava aggihutta’’nti. –
793长老明白了世尊的意图后,说道:
Theropi bhagavato adhippāyaṃ viditvā –
794「色、声、味以及可爱的女人——他们把这些称为祭祀。」
‘‘Rūpe ca sadde ca atho rase ca, kāmitthiyo cābhivadanti yaññā;
795「知道这是执取中的垢秽,所以我对祭祀和供养都不乐于执取。」
Etaṃ malantī upadhīsu ñatvā, tasmā na yiṭṭhe na hute arañji’’nti. (mahāva. 55) –
796说了这首偈颂后,为了显示自己是弟子的身份,他把头放在如来的脚背上,说道:「世尊是我的导师,我是弟子。」然后一次、两次、三次……一直跳到空中七次,每次高度如同七株多罗树叠起那样,接着落下来礼敬如来,坐在一旁。大众见到那个神变,都这样赞叹导师的功德:「啊,佛陀真有广大威神力!像这样抱着顽固邪见、自以为‘我是阿罗汉’的优楼频螺迦叶,也被如来破除了他的邪见之网而调伏了。」世尊便说:「我不只是现在才调伏优楼频螺迦叶,过去世他也曾被我调伏。」随后就根据这个因缘,讲述了《摩诃那罗陀迦叶本生经》,并开示了四圣谛。国王与十一那呼塔的众人安住于入流果,一那呼塔的众人表明了优婆塞身份。国王在世尊面前坐着,讲明五种安心的依靠,归依三宝,邀请世尊第二天应供,然后从座起身,右绕世尊离去。
Imaṃ gāthaṃ vatvā attano sāvakabhāvappakāsanatthaṃ tathāgatassa pādapiṭṭhe sīsaṃ ṭhapetvā ‘‘satthā me, bhante bhagavā, sāvakohamasmī’’ti vatvā ekatālaṃ dvitālaṃ titālanti yāva sattatālappamāṇaṃ sattakkhattuṃ vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā oruyha tathāgataṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Taṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ disvā mahājano ‘‘aho mahānubhāvā buddhā, evañhi thāmagatadiṭṭhiko nāma ‘arahā’ti maññamāno uruvelakassapopi diṭṭhijālaṃ bhinditvā tathāgatena damito’’ti satthu guṇakathaṃyeva kathesi. Bhagavā ‘‘nāhaṃ idāniyeva uruvelakassapaṃ damemi, atītepi esa mayā damito’’ti vatvā imissā aṭṭhuppattiyā mahānāradakassapajātakaṃ (jā. 2.22.1153 ādayo) kathetvā cattāri saccāni pakāsesi. Rājā ekādasahi nahutehi saddhiṃ sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi, ekanahutaṃ upāsakattaṃ paṭivedesi. Rājā satthu santike nisinnoyeva pañca assāsake pavedetvā saraṇaṃ gantvā svātanāya nimantetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkami.
797第二天,所有王舍城的居民——无论前一天见过世尊的,还是没见过的——共计十八俱胝人,都想见到如来,一大早便从王舍城前往杖林苑。三由旬长的道路容纳不下,整个杖林苑被挤得密不透风。大众即使看着具足十力者那达到容色殊胜的身体,也看不够。这称为‘色地’。在这种场合,世尊的相与随好等全部色身的庄严都应该详细描述。当大众如此观看十力者那达到容色殊胜的身体时,园林中和道路上全都挤得密不透风,连一位比丘都没有穿行的空间。据说那天世尊的供养食物差点就断了,因此帝释天的座位发起热来。他察觉了原因后,变作一位青年的形貌,口诵与佛、法、僧有关的赞颂,走在十力者前面,借天威神力清出空间——
Punadivase yehi ca bhagavā hiyyo diṭṭho, yehi ca adiṭṭho, te sabbepi rājagahavāsino aṭṭhārasakoṭisaṅkhā manussā tathāgataṃ daṭṭhukāmā pātova rājagahato laṭṭhivanuyyānaṃ agamaṃsu. Tigāvuto maggo nappahosi, sakalalaṭṭhivanuyyānaṃ nirantaraṃ phuṭaṃ ahosi. Mahājano dasabalassa rūpasobhaggappattaṃ attabhāvaṃ passantopi tittiṃ kātuṃ nāsakkhi. Vaṇṇabhūmi nāmesā. Evarūpesu hi ṭhānesu bhagavato lakkhaṇānubyañjanādippabhedā sabbāpi rūpakāyasirī vaṇṇetabbā. Evaṃ rūpasobhaggappattaṃ dasabalassa sarīraṃ passamānena mahājanena nirantaraṃ phuṭe uyyāne ca gamanamagge ca ekabhikkhussapi nikkhamanokāso nāhosi. Taṃ divasaṃ kira bhagavato bhattaṃ chinnaṃ bhaveyya, tasmā ‘‘taṃ mā ahosī’’ti sakkassa nisinnāsanaṃ uṇhākāraṃ dassesi. So āvajjamāno taṃ kāraṇaṃ ñatvā māṇavakavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā buddhadhammasaṅghapaṭisaṃyuttā thutiyo vadamāno dasabalassa purato otaritvā devānubhāvena okāsaṃ katvā –
798「已调伏者,与过去那些蓄螺髻的已调伏者们一起;已解脱者,与已解脱者们一起;
‘‘Danto dantehi saha purāṇajaṭilehi, vippamutto vippamuttehi;
799肤色如同纯金金币的世尊,进入了王舍城。」
Siṅgīnikkhasavaṇṇo, rājagahaṃ pāvisi bhagavā.
800「已解脱者与已解脱者们……(省略)
‘‘Mutto muttehi…pe….
801已度越者与已度越者们……(省略)
‘‘Tiṇṇo tiṇṇehi…pe….
802寂静者与寂静者们……(省略)世尊进入了王舍城。
‘‘Santo santehi…pe… rājagahaṃ pāvisi bhagavā.
803拥有十种住处,具足十力,通达十法,具备十支者;
‘‘Dasavāso dasabalo, dasadhammavidū dasabhi cupeto;
804世尊由千位弟子围绕,进入了王舍城。」(《大品》58)—
So dasasataparivāro, rājagahaṃ pāvisi bhagavā’’ti. (mahāva. 58) –
805他便用这些偈颂赞颂导师的功德,走在前面。那时,大众看见这位青年的容色风采,心想:‘这位青年真是极其英俊,但我们以前从未见过。’便问道:‘这位青年从哪里来?是属于谁的?’青年听了,便说偈颂:
Imāhi gāthāhi satthu vaṇṇaṃ vadamāno purato pāyāsi. Tadā mahājano māṇavakassa rūpasiriṃ disvā ‘‘ativiya abhirūpo vatāyaṃ māṇavako, na kho pana amhehi diṭṭhapubbo’’ti cintetvā ‘‘kuto ayaṃ māṇavako, kassa vā aya’’nti āha. Taṃ sutvā māṇavo –
806「那位在一切处所都调伏的智者,清净的无敌者;
‘‘Yo dhīro sabbadhi danto, suddho appaṭipuggalo;
807他是世间应供、善逝,我是他的仆役。」
Arahaṃ sugato loke, tassāhaṃ paricārako’’ti. – gāthamāha;
808导师走上由帝释天开辟的道路,由千位比丘围绕进入王舍城。国王向以佛陀为首的僧团做大布施后,说:‘大德,我不能离开三宝而住。无论适时还是非时,我都会来到世尊跟前。杖林苑实在太远,而我们这座竹林苑不远不近,往来便利,是适合佛陀的坐卧具。大德,请世尊接受我这份供养。’他拿着金瓶,盛满散发着花香、颜色如宝石的水,将水倾注在十力者的手中,以此献出竹林苑。就在竹林苑被接受的当下,大地震动,这意味着:‘佛陀教法的根基已植下。’因为在阎浮提洲,除了竹林苑,再没有任何坐卧具是在大地震动后才被接受的;即使在铜掌岛,除了大寺,也没有任何坐卧具是在大地震动后才被接受的。导师接受了竹林苑,为国王作了随喜祝福后,从座位起身,在比丘僧团的围绕下前往竹林苑。
Satthā sakkena katokāsaṃ maggaṃ paṭipajjitvā bhikkhusahassaparivuto rājagahaṃ pāvisi. Rājā buddhappamukhassa saṅghassa mahādānaṃ datvā ‘‘ahaṃ, bhante, tīṇi ratanāni vinā vasituṃ na sakkhissāmi, velāya vā avelāya vā bhagavato santikaṃ āgamissāmi, laṭṭhivanuyyānañca nāma atidūre, idaṃ pana amhākaṃ veḷuvanuyyānaṃ nātidūraṃ naccāsannaṃ gamanāgamanasampannaṃ buddhārahaṃ senāsanaṃ. Idaṃ me, bhante, bhagavā paṭiggaṇhātū’’ti suvaṇṇabhiṅgārena pupphagandhavāsitaṃ maṇivaṇṇaṃ udakamādāya veḷuvanuyyānaṃ pariccajanto dasabalassa hatthe udakaṃ pātesi. Tasmiṃ ārāme paṭiggahiteyeva ‘‘buddhasāsanassa mūlāni otiṇṇānī’’ti mahāpathavī kampi. Jambudīpatalasmiñhi ṭhapetvā veḷuvanaṃ aññaṃ mahāpathaviṃ kampetvā gahitasenāsanaṃ nāma natthi. Tambapaṇṇidīpepi ṭhapetvā mahāvihāraṃ aññaṃ pathaviṃ kampetvā gahitasenāsanaṃ nāma natthi. Satthā veḷuvanārāmaṃ paṭiggahetvā rañño anumodanaṃ katvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto veḷuvanaṃ agamāsi .
809那时,舍利弗和目犍连这两位游方者正住在王舍城附近,寻求不死。他们中,舍利弗看到阿说示长老入城乞食,心生净信,便上前亲近。他听闻了以‘诸法因缘生’为开端的偈颂(《大品》60;《长老譬喻》1.1.286)后,证得了入流果,并为自己的同伴目犍连也宣说了同一偈颂。目犍连也证得了入流果。两人随后去见散惹耶,然后带领各自的徒众在世尊座前出家。他们中,目犍连七日内证得阿拉汉果,舍利弗半月后证得阿拉汉果。世尊将他们两人安立为上首弟子。就在证得阿拉汉果的当天,舍利弗长老举行了集会。
Tasmiṃ kho pana samaye sāriputto ca moggallāno cāti dve paribbājakā rājagahaṃ upanissāya viharanti amataṃ pariyesamānā. Tesu sāriputto assajittheraṃ piṇḍāya paviṭṭhaṃ disvā pasannacitto payirupāsitvā ‘‘ye dhammā hetuppabhavā’’tiādigāthaṃ (mahāva. 60; apa. thera 1.1.286) sutvā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya attano sahāyakassa moggallānassapi tameva gāthaṃ abhāsi. Sopi sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahi. Te ubhopi sañcayaṃ oloketvā attano parisāya saddhiṃ bhagavato santike pabbajiṃsu. Tesu moggallāno sattāhena arahattaṃ pāpuṇi, sāriputto aḍḍhamāsena. Ubhopi te satthā aggasāvakaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Sāriputtattherena ca arahattaṃ pattadivaseyeva sannipātaṃ akāsi.
810当如来就住在同一座竹林精舍时,净饭大王听说:‘我的儿子据说六年勤修苦行后,证得最上正觉,转动无上法轮,现在正住在王舍城附近的竹林里。’于是便召来一位大臣,说:‘来,贤臣,你带领一千人前去王舍城,以我的名义说:“你的父亲净饭大王想见你”,然后带我儿子一起回来。’那位大臣回答:‘是,大王。’恭敬领命后,便带着千人随从,迅速穿越六十由旬的路程。在十力世尊坐于四众弟子中间宣说佛法时,他进入了寺院。他想:‘暂且放下国王的口信。’便站在大众边缘,听闻世尊说法后,就和千人之众一起,在原地证得了阿拉汉果,并请求出家。世尊伸出手说:‘来吧,比丘们。’刹那间,所有人都显现出神通化现的钵和衣,看上去就像出了六十年家的长老比丘。然而,自从证得阿拉汉果之后,圣者们自然安住于中舍,所以他并没有向十力世尊转达国王的口信。国王心想:‘派去的人不回来,口信也听不到回音。’便用同样的方式说:‘来,贤臣,你去。’又派了另一位大臣。那位大臣去后,也像前面的方式一样,与随从一起证得阿拉汉果后,默然不语。国王又以同样方式接连派了另外七位大臣:‘来,贤臣,你去。’这样,那九位大臣各自带领千人随从,共九千人,都在各自完成应做的事后,保持沉默,便住在了那里。
Tathāgate pana tasmiññeva veḷuvanuyyāne viharante suddhodanamahārājā ‘‘putto kira me chabbassāni dukkarakārikaṃ caritvā paramābhisambodhiṃ patvā pavattavaradhammacakko rājagahaṃ upanissāya veḷuvane viharatī’’ti sutvā aññataraṃ amaccaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi bhaṇe, tvaṃ purisasahassaparivāro rājagahaṃ gantvā mama vacanena ‘pitā te suddhodanamahārājā daṭṭhukāmo’ti vatvā mama puttaṃ gaṇhitvā ehī’’ti āha. So ‘‘evaṃ, devā’’ti rañño vacanaṃ sirasā sampaṭicchitvā purisasahassaparivāro khippameva saṭṭhiyojanamaggaṃ gantvā dasabalassa catuparisamajjhe nisīditvā dhammadesanāvelāyaṃ vihāraṃ pāvisi. So ‘‘tiṭṭhatu tāva raññā pahitasāsana’’nti parisapariyante ṭhito satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā yathāṭhitova saddhiṃ purisasahassena arahattaṃ patvā pabbajjaṃ yāci. Bhagavā ‘‘etha bhikkhavo’’ti hatthaṃ pasāresi. Sabbe taṅkhaṇaññeva iddhimayapattacīvaradharā saṭṭhivassikattherā viya ahesuṃ. Arahattaṃ pattakālato paṭṭhāya pana ariyā nāma majjhattāva hontīti, so raññā pahitasāsanaṃ dasabalassa na kathesi. Rājā – ‘‘neva gato āgacchati, na sāsanaṃ suyyatī’’ti ‘‘ehi bhaṇe, tvaṃ gacchā’’ti eteneva niyāmena aññaṃ amaccaṃ pesesi. Sopi gantvā purimanayeneva saddhiṃ parisāya arahattaṃ patvā tuṇhī ahosi. Puna rājā ‘‘ehi bhaṇe, tvaṃ gaccha, tvaṃ gacchā’’ti eteneva niyāmena aparepi satta amacce pesesi. Te sabbe nava purisasahassaparivārā nava amaccā attano kiccaṃ niṭṭhāpetvā tuṇhībhūtā tattheva vihariṃsu.
811国王连一个带回口信的人都没有得到,便心想:‘这么多人,都因为对我没有感情,连个口信都不传回。到底谁能为我带去口信呢?’他遍观所有王族力量时,看到了黑鲁陀夷。据说,这位黑鲁陀夷是国王的得力亲信,处处能成办事务,极其可靠,他在菩萨出生的同一天降生,曾是菩萨的玩伴和同伴。于是国王召见他,说:‘亲爱的黑鲁陀夷,我想见我的儿子,派了九位大臣各自率领千人随从,其中却没有一个人回来,哪怕传一句话。我难以预知寿命何时终结,渴望在活着时见到儿子。你能让我见到我儿子吗?’黑鲁陀夷说:‘大王,如果能允许我出家,我就能办到。’‘亲爱的,不论你出家还是不出家,让我见到儿子就行。’他答应:‘是,大王。’便带着国王的口信,前往王舍城。在世尊宣讲佛法时,他站在大众边缘听法,与随从一起证得阿拉汉果,以‘善来比丘’的身份出家,便住了下来。
Rājā sāsanamattampi āharitvā ācikkhantaṃ alabhitvā cintesi – ‘‘ettakāpi janā mayi sinehābhāvena sāsanamattampi na paccāhariṃsu, ko nu kho me sāsanaṃ karissatī’’ti sabbaṃ rājabalaṃ olokento kāḷudāyiṃ addasa. So kira rañño sabbatthasādhako abbhantariko ativiya vissāsiko amacco bodhisattena saddhiṃ ekadivase jāto sahapaṃsukīḷako sahāyo. Atha naṃ rājā āmantesi – ‘‘tāta kāḷudāyi, ahaṃ mama puttaṃ daṭṭhukāmo navapurisasahassaparivārena nava amacce pesesiṃ, tesu ekopi āgantvā sāsanamattaṃ ārocento nāma natthi. Dujjāno kho pana me jīvitantarāyo, jīvamānoyevāhaṃ puttaṃ daṭṭhukāmo. Sakkhissasi nu kho me puttaṃ dassetu’’nti? ‘‘Sakkhissāmi, deva, sace pabbajituṃ labhissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Tāta, tvaṃ pabbajito vā apabbajito vā mayhaṃ puttaṃ dassehī’’ti. So ‘‘sādhu, devā’’ti rañño sāsanaṃ ādāya rājagahaṃ gantvā satthu dhammadesanāvelāya parisapariyante ṭhito dhammaṃ sutvā saparivāro arahattaṃ patvā ehibhikkhubhāvena pabbajitvā vihāsi.
812世尊成佛之后,第一个雨安居在仙人堕处度过,结束雨安居并举行自恣后,便前往乌汝韦喇,在那里住了三个月,调伏了三位结发外道兄弟。随后,在一千位比丘的随同下,于颇沙月圆日抵达王舍城,又住了两个月。到现在,从离开波罗奈算起已有五个月,整个冬季都已过去。从黑鲁陀夷长老到来的那天起,又过了七八天。长老在颇勒具那月圆日这样考虑:‘寒冬已过,春天来了;人们已经收割了庄稼等,道路彼此畅通;大地覆盖着青草;树林繁花盛开;道路适宜行走。现在是十力世尊关心亲族的时候了。’于是,他走近世尊。
Satthā buddho hutvā paṭhamaṃ antovassaṃ isipatane vasitvā vuṭṭhavasso pavāretvā uruvelaṃ gantvā tattha tayo māse vasanto tebhātikajaṭile vinetvā bhikkhusahassaparivāro phussamāsapuṇṇamāyaṃ rājagahaṃ gantvā dve māse vasi. Ettāvatā bārāṇasito nikkhantassa pañca māsā jātā, sakalo hemanto atikkanto. Kāḷudāyittherassa āgatadivasato sattaṭṭhadivasā vītivattā. Thero phagguṇamāsapuṇṇamāyaṃ cintesi – ‘‘atikkanto dāni hemanto, vasantasamayo anuppatto, manussehi sassādīni uddharitvā sammukhasammukhaṭṭhānehi maggā dinnā, haritatiṇasañchannā pathavī, supupphitā vanasaṇḍā, paṭipajjanakkhamā maggā, kālo dasabalassa ñātisaṅgahaṃ kātu’’nti. Atha bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā –
813尊者,如今树木红艳似火,为了结果已脱去叶衣;
‘‘Aṅgārino dāni dumā bhadante, phalesino chadanaṃ vippahāya;
814它们像火团般闪耀,大雄啊,正是分享甘味的时节……
Te accimantova pabhāsayanti, samayo mahāvīra bhāgī rasānaṃ…pe…. (theragā. 527);
815不很冷,不很热,没有饥荒带来的困乏;
‘‘Nātisītaṃ nātiuṇhaṃ, nātidubbhikkhachātakaṃ;
816大地青绿,令人信赖喜悦,大牟尼啊,这正是适当的时节。
Saddalā haritā bhūmi, esa kālo mahāmunī’’ti. –
817他用大约六十首偈颂,赞叹拥有十力的世尊前往故乡城市的情景。世尊问他:“黑鲁陀夷,你为什么用这么甜美的声音来赞叹这趟行程呢?”他回答:“尊者,您的父亲净饭大王想见您,请照顾一下亲族们吧。”世尊说:“黑鲁陀夷,好啊,我会照顾亲族的。请通知比丘僧团,让他们做好出行前的准备。”长老回答:“好的,尊者。”便去通知了比丘们。
Saṭṭhimattāhi gāthāhi dasabalassa kulanagaragamanavaṇṇaṃ vaṇṇesi. Atha naṃ satthā – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, udāyi, madhurassarena gamanavaṇṇaṃ vaṇṇesī’’ti āha. ‘‘Tumhākaṃ, bhante, pitā suddhodanamahārājā tumhe passitukāmo, karotha ñātakānaṃ saṅgaha’’nti. ‘‘Sādhu, udāyi, karissāmi ñātakānaṃ saṅgahaṃ, bhikkhusaṅghassa ārocehi, gamiyavattaṃ paripūressantī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti thero tesaṃ ārocesi.
818世尊由来自鸯伽、摩揭陀的一万名善男子,以及来自迦毗罗卫的一万名善男子——总共两万位漏尽比丘围绕,从王舍城出发,每天走一由旬。他心想:“从王舍城到迦毗罗卫有六十由旬,用两个月就能到达。”于是以不匆忙的游行方式出发了。长老也心想:“我要去报告国王世尊已经出发的消息。”便飞上虚空,出现在国王的宫殿里。国王见到长老,满心欢喜,请他坐在极为珍贵的宝座上,又把自己准备好的各种上味美食盛满钵,递给他。长老站起来表示要离开。国王说:“坐下来用斋吧,亲爱的。”长老说:“大王,我要到导师那里再吃。”国王问:“亲爱的,导师现在哪里?”长老说:“大王,导师由两万比丘围绕,为了见您而游化出行了。”国王心中充满喜悦,说道:“你们享用这些食物,并在我儿子到达这城市之前,一直为他送钵食过去。”长老答应了。国王亲自侍候长老用餐,然后用香粉把钵擦拭干净,又装满最上等的食物,放在长老手中,说:“请献给如来。”长老当着众人的面,将钵抛向空中,自己也腾空而起,取了钵食,放在导师手中。导师便用了它。长老就用这个方法,每天送钵食去。导师也在旅途中只食用国王送来的这些钵食。长老每天饭后都会说:“今天世尊到了这里,今天到了那里。”他以这些与佛陀功德相关的谈论,使整个王族在还没有见到导师的情况下,就对导师生起了净信。正因为如此,世尊后来宣说:“比丘们,在我的比丘弟子中,最善于令在家信众生起净信者,就是黑鲁陀夷。”将他列为最上。
Bhagavā aṅgamagadhavāsīnaṃ kulaputtānaṃ dasahi sahassehi, kapilavatthuvāsīnaṃ dasahi sahassehīti sabbeheva vīsatisahassehi khīṇāsavabhikkhūhi parivuto rājagahā nikkhamitvā divase divase yojanaṃ gacchati. ‘‘Rājagahato saṭṭhiyojanaṃ kapilavatthuṃ dvīhi māsehi pāpuṇissāmī’’ti aturitacārikaṃ pakkāmi. Theropi ‘‘bhagavato nikkhantabhāvaṃ rañño ārocessāmī’’ti vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā rañño nivesane pāturahosi. Rājā theraṃ disvā tuṭṭhacitto mahārahe pallaṅke nisīdāpetvā attano paṭiyāditassa nānaggarasabhojanassa pattaṃ pūretvā adāsi. Thero uṭṭhāya gamanākāraṃ dassesi. ‘‘Nisīditvā bhuñja, tātā’’ti. ‘‘Satthu santikaṃ gantvā bhuñjissāmi, mahārājā’’ti. ‘‘Kahaṃ pana, tāta, satthā’’ti? ‘‘Vīsatisahassabhikkhuparivāro tumhākaṃ dassanatthāya cārikaṃ nikkhanto, mahārājā’’ti. Rājā tuṭṭhamānaso āha – ‘‘tumhe imaṃ paribhuñjitvā yāva mama putto imaṃ nagaraṃ pāpuṇāti, tāvassa itova piṇḍapātaṃ pariharathā’’ti. Thero adhivāsesi. Rājā theraṃ parivisitvā pattaṃ gandhacuṇṇena ubbaṭṭetvā uttamassa bhojanassa pūretvā ‘‘tathāgatassa dethā’’ti therassa hatthe patiṭṭhāpesi. Thero sabbesaṃ passantānaṃyeva pattaṃ ākāse khipitvā sayampi vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā piṇḍapātaṃ āharitvā satthu hatthe ṭhapesi. Satthā taṃ paribhuñji. Eteneva upāyena thero divase divase piṇḍapātaṃ āhari. Satthāpi antarāmagge raññoyeva piṇḍapātaṃ paribhuñji. Theropi bhattakiccāvasāne divase divase ‘‘ajja bhagavā ettakaṃ āgato, ajja ettaka’’nti buddhaguṇapaṭisaṃyuttāya ca kathāya sakalaṃ rājakulaṃ satthudassanaṃ vināyeva satthari sañjātappasādaṃ akāsi. Teneva naṃ bhagavā ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ kulappasādakānaṃ yadidaṃ kāḷudāyī’’ti (a. ni. 1.219, 225) etadagge ṭhapesi.
819在世尊尚未到达时,释迦族人便聚集起来,心想:“我们要去见我们亲族中最尊贵的那位。”他们物色世尊的住处,觉得“这个榕树园很是怡人”,于是在那里安排好一切招待事宜。他们手持香与花前往迎接,先派遣佩戴着各种装饰品的年少王族童子和童女作为前导,然后又派出年少的王子和公主。在他们之后,释迦族人亲自用香、花等作供养,迎请世尊,径直前往榕树园。在那里,世尊由两万漏尽比丘围绕,坐在敷设好的殊胜佛座上。那些释迦族人原本生性傲慢,刚强难化,他们心想:“悉达多王子比我们年轻,是我们的弟弟、外甥、儿子、孙子辈。”于是对那些年少的王子们说:“你们去礼拜吧,我们要坐在你们后边。”
Sākiyāpi kho anuppatte bhagavati ‘‘amhākaṃ ñātiseṭṭhaṃ passissāmā’’ti sannipatitvā bhagavato vasanaṭṭhānaṃ vīmaṃsamānā ‘‘nigrodhasakkassa ārāmo ramaṇīyo’’ti sallakkhetvā tattha sabbaṃ paṭijagganavidhiṃ kāretvā gandhapupphahatthā paccuggamanaṃ karontā sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍite daharadahare nāgaradārake ca nāgaradārikāyo ca paṭhamaṃ pahiṇiṃsu, tato rājakumāre ca rājakumārikāyo ca, tesaṃ anantarā sāmaṃ gandhapupphādīhi pūjayamānā bhagavantaṃ gahetvā nigrodhārāmameva agamaṃsu. Tattha bhagavā vīsatisahassakhīṇāsavaparivuto paññattavarabuddhāsane nisīdi . Sākiyā nāma mānajātikā mānatthaddhā, te ‘‘siddhatthakumāro amhehi daharataro, amhākaṃ kaniṭṭho, bhāgineyyo, putto, nattā’’ti cintetvā daharadahare rājakumāre āhaṃsu – ‘‘tumhe vandatha, mayaṃ tumhākaṃ piṭṭhito nisīdissāmā’’ti.
820他们就这样不礼拜而坐下了。世尊观察他们的心意,心想:“我的亲族不礼拜我,好,现在我要让他们礼拜。”于是,他进入作为神通基础的第四禅那,出定之后,腾空而起,在众人头顶好像撒下脚尘一样,在加丹巴树下示现了类似于双神变的教诫神变。国王见到这稀有景象,说道:“尊者啊,在您诞生那天,当您被抱到卡拉德瓦拉婆罗门前敬拜时,您的双脚翻转,落在那婆罗门的头顶上。见到那情景,我便礼敬了您的双足,那是我的第一拜。在耕田吉祥日,见您躺在阎浮树荫下的卧榻上,而树荫丝毫未移,我因此又礼敬您的双足,那是我的第二拜。如今,看见这前所未见的教诫神变,我再次礼敬您的双足,这是我的第三拜。”当国王礼拜之后,再也没有一个释迦族人能站着不向世尊顶礼了,所有人都礼拜了。
Tesu evaṃ avanditvā nisinnesu bhagavā tesaṃ ajjhāsayaṃ oloketvā ‘‘na maṃ ñātayo vandanti, handa dāni te vandāpessāmī’’ti abhiññāpādakaṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpajjitvā tato vuṭṭhāya ākāsaṃ abbhuggantvā tesaṃ sīse pādapaṃsuṃ okiramāno viya kaṇḍambarukkhamūle yamakapāṭihāriyasadisaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ akāsi. Rājā taṃ acchariyaṃ disvā āha – ‘‘bhante, tumhākaṃ jātadivase kāladevalassa vandanatthaṃ upanītānaṃ vopāde parivattetvā brāhmaṇassa matthake patiṭṭhite disvāpi ahaṃ tumhākaṃ pāde vandiṃ, ayaṃ me paṭhamavandanā. Vappamaṅgaladivase ca jambucchāyāya sirisayane nipannānaṃ vojambucchāyāya aparivattanaṃ disvāpi pāde vandiṃ, ayaṃ me dutiyavandanā. Idāni pana imaṃ adiṭṭhapubbaṃ pāṭihāriyaṃ disvāpi ahaṃ tumhākaṃ pāde vandāmi, ayaṃ me tatiyavandanā’’ti. Raññā pana vandite bhagavantaṃ avanditvā ṭhātuṃ samattho nāma ekasākiyopi nāhosi, sabbe vandiṃsuyeva.
821就这样,世尊令亲族们礼拜后,从空中降下,坐在敷设好的座位上。世尊坐定后,亲族聚会的气氛达到了顶点,所有人都一心专注地坐着。那时,大云降下了一阵莲池雨。赤铜色的水在脚下哗哗地流着,想淋湿的人便被淋湿,不想淋湿的人身上一滴水都不会沾。大家看见这情景,都感到万分惊异,纷纷议论:“啊!真是稀有!啊!真是奇妙!”导师说道:“不光今世我的亲族聚会时降下莲池雨,过去世也降下过。”以这件事为缘起,世尊讲说了《韦桑答拉本生》。听完法后,众人起立,礼敬而离去。然而,没有一位国王或大臣说一句“明天请接受我们的供养”这样的话后再离去。
Iti bhagavā ñātayo vandāpetvā ākāsato otaritvā paññattāsane nisīdi. Nisinne bhagavati sikhāpatto ñātisamāgamo ahosi, sabbe ekaggacittā hutvā nisīdiṃsu. Tato mahāmegho pokkharavassaṃ vassi. Tambavaṇṇaṃ udakaṃ heṭṭhā viravantaṃ gacchati, temitukāmova temeti, atemitukāmassa sarīre ekabindumattampi na patati. Taṃ disvā sabbe acchariyabbhutacittā jātā ‘‘aho acchariyaṃ, aho abbhuta’’nti kathaṃ samuṭṭhāpesuṃ. Satthā ‘‘na idāneva mayhaṃ ñātisamāgame pokkharavassaṃ vassati, atītepi vassī’’ti imissā aṭṭhuppattiyā vessantarajātakaṃ (jā. 2.22.1655 ādayo) kathesi. Dhammakathaṃ sutvā sabbe uṭṭhāya vanditvā pakkamiṃsu. Ekopi rājā vā rājamahāmatto vā ‘‘sve amhākaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti vatvā gato nāma natthi.
822第二天,导师由两万比丘围绕,进入迦毗罗卫城托钵乞食。没有人上前邀请他,也没有人接过他的钵。世尊站在门槛处思惟:“过去的诸佛在亲族城中是怎样乞食的?是依次前往权势之家,还是逐家逐户次第乞食?”当他观察到没有任何一位佛是依次前往权势之家的,便想:“如今我也应当继承他们的这个传统。将来我的弟子们效法我,也能圆满乞食的仪轨。”于是,他从城角的第一户人家开始,挨家挨户地次第乞食。“据说悉达多王子在乞食呢!”人们纷纷打开两三层宫殿的狮子窗,争着观看。
Satthā punadivase vīsatibhikkhusahassaparivuto kapilavatthuṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Taṃ na koci gantvā nimantesi, na pattaṃ vā aggahesi. Bhagavā indakhīle ṭhitova āvajjesi – ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho pubbabuddhā kulanagare piṇḍāya cariṃsu, kiṃ uppaṭipāṭiyā issarajanānaṃ gharāni agamaṃsu, udāhu sapadānacārikaṃ cariṃsū’’ti? Tato ekabuddhassapi uppaṭipāṭiyā gamanaṃ adisvā ‘‘mayāpi dāni ayameva tesaṃ vaṃso paggahetabbo, āyatiñca mama sāvakā mamaññeva anusikkhantā piṇḍacārikavattaṃ paripūressantī’’ti koṭiyaṃ niviṭṭhagehato paṭṭhāya sapadānaṃ piṇḍāya cari. ‘‘Ayyo kira siddhatthakumāro piṇḍāya caratī’’ti dvibhūmikatibhūmikādīsu pāsādesu sīhapañjaraṃ vivaritvā mahājano dassanabyāvaṭo ahosi.
823罗睺罗的母亲耶输陀罗王妃也想:“那位圣王子,过去就在这同一座城里,以极大的国王威势,乘着金轿等巡游,如今却剃除须发,身穿袈裟,手持瓦钵行乞,他是否还能显出庄严呢?”她打开狮子窗望去,只见世尊以闪耀着种种离欲光辉的身光,照亮城里的街道,一圈光环围绕,八十种随形好映衬,三十二大人相庄严,以无与伦比的佛之威仪赫赫生辉。她从头顶开始,一直看到脚底——
Rāhulamātāpi devī – ‘‘ayyaputto kira imasmiṃyeva nagare mahantena rājānubhāvena suvaṇṇasivikādīhi vicaritvā idāni kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyavatthanivāsano kapālahattho piṇḍāya carati, sobhati nu kho’’ti sīhapañjaraṃ vivaritvā olokayamānā bhagavantaṃ nānāvirāgasamujjalāya sarīrappabhāya nagaravīthiyo obhāsetvā byāmappabhāparikkhepasamupabyūḷhāya asītānubyañjanappabhāsitāya dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇapaṭimaṇḍitāya anopamāya buddhasiriyā virocamānaṃ disvā uṇhīsato paṭṭhāya yāva pādatalā –
824“他的头发光滑润泽、青黑柔软,向右卷曲;前额宽广,如无瑕的日轮般明净。”
‘‘Siniddhanīlamudukuñcitakeso, sūriyanimmalatalābhinalāṭo;
825鼻子隆起而细长,圆融相称,光芒如网般绽放,这位英雄般的人中狮子。”
Yuttatuṅgamudukāyatanāso, raṃsijālavikasito narasīho’’ti. –
826她就这样用十首赞颂人中狮子的偈颂称赞之后,禀告国王说:“您的儿子正在托钵乞食。”国王的心被深深震撼,用手紧紧整理着衣襟,急匆匆地奔出来,快速赶到世尊面前,站定后问道:“尊者啊!您为什么要让我们蒙羞,为什么要去乞食呢?您是担心‘我们没有办法为这么多比丘提供食物’吗?”世尊回答:“大王,这是我们家族世代相传的传统。”“尊者啊,难道我们的家族不是大选出王的刹帝利家族吗?在这个家族里,从来不曾有过一个刹帝利去乞食。”世尊说道:“大王,您所说的刹帝利家族,是您的家族。然而,我们所属的家族,是‘燃灯佛、憍陈如佛……乃至迦叶佛’,这叫作佛的家族。这些佛以及无量无数位佛,全都是依靠乞食来维持生活的。”世尊就这样站在街道中,
Evamādikāhi dasahi narasīhagāthāhi abhitthavitvā ‘‘tumhākaṃ putto piṇḍāya caratī’’ti rañño ārocesi. Rājā saṃviggahadayo hatthena sāṭakaṃ saṇḍapento turitaturito nikkhamitvā vegena gantvā bhagavato purato ṭhatvā āha – ‘‘kinnu kho, bhante, amhe lajjāpetha, kimatthaṃ piṇḍāya caratha, kiṃ ‘ettakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ na sakkā bhattaṃ laddhu’nti saññaṃ karitthā’’ti? ‘‘Vaṃsacārittametaṃ, mahārāja, amhāka’’nti. ‘‘Nanu, bhante, amhākaṃ vaṃso nāma mahāsammatakhattiyavaṃso, ettha ca ekakhattiyopi bhikkhācarako nāma natthī’’ti. ‘‘Ayaṃ, mahārāja, khattiyavaṃso nāma tava vaṃso. Amhākaṃ pana ‘dīpaṅkaro koṇḍañño…pe… kassapo’ti ayaṃ buddhavaṃso nāma. Ete ca aññe ca anekasahassasaṅkhā buddhā bhikkhācāreneva jīvikaṃ kappesu’’nti antaravīthiyaṃ ṭhitova –
827“应当努力精进,不要放逸,修习善行与正法;
‘‘Uttiṭṭhe nappamajjeyya, dhammaṃ sucaritaṃ care;
828行法的人,在现世与他世都能安乐地安住。”
Dhammacārī sukhaṃ seti, asmiṃ loke paramhi cā’’ti. (dha. pa. 168) –
829他说出这个偈颂。偈颂结束时,国王证得了入流果。
Imaṃ gāthamāha. Gāthāpariyosāne rājā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāsi.
830“应行善法,不应行恶法;
‘‘Dhammañcare sucaritaṃ, na naṃ duccaritaṃ care;
831行法者在现世与他世都安乐而住。”(《法句经》169)
Dhammacārī sukhaṃ seti, asmiṃ loke paramhi cā’’ti. (dha. pa. 169) –
832听闻此偈之后,他证得了一来果;听完《大法护本生》(《本生经》1.10.92等)后,证得了不来果;临终时,就在白伞盖下的吉祥卧榻上躺着,便证得了阿拉汉果。国王并没有以住于森林的方式去修精进勤修的事。不过,他在证得入流果之后,就接过世尊的钵,与随从们一起迎请世尊登上大宫殿,用精美的嚼食与啖食来供养。用完餐之后,除了罗睺罗的母亲之外,后宫所有的眷属都前来礼敬世尊。而她,虽然随从们劝她说‘去礼敬圣公子吧’,却回答说:‘如果我真的有功德,圣公子自己就会来到我面前;等他来了,我再礼敬他。’并没有前去。
Imaṃ gāthaṃ sutvā sakadāgāmiphale patiṭṭhāsi, mahādhammapālajātakaṃ (jā. 1.10.92 ādayo) sutvā anāgāmiphale patiṭṭhāsi, maraṇasamaye setacchattassa heṭṭhā sirisayane nipannoyeva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Araññavāsena padhānānuyogakiccaṃ rañño nāhosi. So sotāpattiphalaṃ sacchikatvāyeva pana bhagavato pattaṃ gahetvā saparisaṃ bhagavantaṃ mahāpāsādaṃ āropetvā paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena parivisi. Bhattakiccapariyosāne sabbaṃ itthāgāraṃ āgantvā bhagavantaṃ vandi ṭhapetvā rāhulamātaraṃ. Sā pana ‘‘gaccha, ayyaputtaṃ vandāhī’’ti parijanena vuccamānāpi ‘‘sace mayhaṃ guṇo atthi, sayameva mama santikaṃ ayyaputto āgamissati, āgatameva naṃ vandissāmī’’ti vatvā na agamāsi.
833世尊让国王接过钵后,带着两位上首弟子来到公主的寝宫,交代说:“公主想怎么礼敬,就怎么礼敬,什么都不必说。”说完便在铺设好的座位上坐下。公主急忙赶来,抓住世尊的脚踝,把头翻转贴在世尊的脚背上,随心所欲地礼敬。国王讲述了公主对世尊的爱戴、恭敬等功德成就,说道:“尊者,我的女儿自从听说‘你们穿着袈裟衣’后,从那时起就一直穿着袈裟衣;听说你们是日中一食者,便也成为了日中一食者;听说你们舍弃了高广大床,便只睡在窄板床上;知道你们远离了花鬘、香等,便也远离了花鬘与香;即使她的亲属派人来说‘我们会照顾你’,她也从不去看顾任何一个亲属。尊者,我的女儿就是如此具足功德。”世尊说:“大王,这不算是寻常之事。如今在你守护下的公主,是在智慧成熟时得以守护自己;但她往昔无人守护、在山麓游历时,即使智慧尚未成熟,也已经能守护自己了。”接着,世尊讲述了《月紧那罗本生》(《本生经》1.14.18等),然后从座起身离去。
Bhagavā rājānaṃ pattaṃ gāhāpetvā dvīhi aggasāvakehi saddhiṃ rājadhītāya sirigabbhaṃ gantvā ‘‘rājadhītā yathāruci vandamānā na kiñci vattabbā’’ti vatvā paññattāsane nisīdi. Sā vegenāgantvā gopphakesu gahetvā pādapiṭṭhiyaṃ sīsaṃ parivattetvā yathājjhāsayaṃ vandi. Rājā rājadhītāya bhagavati sinehabahumānādiguṇasampattiṃ kathesi – ‘‘bhante, mama dhītā ‘tumhehi kāsāyāni vatthāni nivāsitānī’ti sutvā tato paṭṭhāya kāsāyavatthanivatthā jātā, tumhākaṃ ekabhattikabhāvaṃ sutvā ekabhattikāva jātā, tumhehi mahāsayanassa chaḍḍitabhāvaṃ sutvā paṭṭikāmañcakeyeva nipannā, tumhākaṃ mālāgandhādīhi viratabhāvaṃ ñatvā viratamālāgandhāva jātā, attano ñātakehi ‘mayaṃ paṭijaggissāmā’ti sāsane pesitepi tesu ekañātakampi na olokesi, evaṃ guṇasampannā me, bhante, dhītā’’ti. ‘‘Anacchariyaṃ, mahārāja, ayaṃ idāni tayā rakkhiyamānā rājadhītā paripakke ñāṇe attānaṃ rakkheyya, esā pubbe anārakkhā pabbatapāde vicaramānā aparipakkepi ñāṇe attānaṃ rakkhī’’ti vatvā candakinnarījātakaṃ (jā. 1.14.18 ādayo) kathetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.
834第二天,当难陀王子的灌顶、入宫、婚礼等庆典正在进行时,世尊来到他家,想让王子接过钵后度他出家。世尊说完祝福语后,便从座起身离去。国中第一美女看见王子正要离去,伸长脖子望着他说:“圣公子,请快些回来。”王子却不敢对世尊说出“请把钵接过去”,就这样一路走到了寺院。尽管他并不愿意,世尊还是度他出家了。就这样,世尊到达迦毗罗卫后,在第三天度化了难陀。
Punadivase pana nandassa rājakumārassa abhisekagehappavesanavivāhamaṅgalesu vattamānesu tassa gehaṃ gantvā kumāraṃ pattaṃ gāhāpetvā pabbājetukāmo maṅgalaṃ vatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Janapadakalyāṇī kumāraṃ gacchantaṃ disvā ‘‘tuvaṭaṃ kho, ayyaputta, āgaccheyyāsī’’ti vatvā gīvaṃ pasāretvā olokesi. So bhagavantaṃ ‘‘pattaṃ gaṇhathā’’ti vattuṃ avisahamāno vihāraṃyeva agamāsi. Taṃ anicchamānaṃyeva bhagavā pabbājesi. Iti bhagavā kapilavatthuṃ gantvā tatiyadivase nandaṃ pabbājesi.
835第七天,罗睺罗的母亲也将王子精心打扮后,送到世尊面前,说:“看,孩子,那位被两万沙门围绕、身呈金色、形貌如梵天的沙门,就是你的父亲。他本来拥有巨大的宝藏,但自从他出家离开的那一刻起,我们就再也没见过了。你去,向他索要你的遗产:‘父亲,我是王子,灌顶后将成为转轮王,我需要财富,请给我财富。儿子本就是父亲财产的主人嘛。’”王子来到世尊面前后,立刻生起了对父亲的孺慕之情,满心欢喜地说:“沙门,你的身影真是让人安乐。”又说了许多他那个年纪会说的话,站在一旁。世尊用完斋饭,说过随喜的话后,便从座起身离去。王子也跟在世尊后面,边走边说:“沙门,给我遗产!沙门,给我遗产!”世尊并没有让他回去,随从们也没能拦住跟随世尊而去的王子。就这样,他与世尊一同到了寺院。
Sattame divase rāhulamātāpi kumāraṃ alaṅkaritvā bhagavato santikaṃ pesesi – ‘‘passa, tāta, etaṃ vīsatisahassasamaṇaparivutaṃ suvaṇṇavaṇṇaṃ brahmarūpavaṇṇaṃ samaṇaṃ, ayaṃ te pitā, etassa mahantā nidhayo ahesuṃ tyassa nikkhamanakālato paṭṭhāya na passāma, gaccha, naṃ dāyajjaṃ yācāhi – ‘ahaṃ, tāta, kumāro abhisekaṃ patvā cakkavattī bhavissāmi, dhanena me attho, dhanaṃ me dehi. Sāmiko hi putto pitusantakassā’’’ti. Kumāro ca bhagavato santikaṃ gantvāva pitusinehaṃ labhitvā haṭṭhacitto ‘‘sukhā te, samaṇa, chāyā’’ti vatvā aññañca bahuṃ attano anurūpaṃ vadanto aṭṭhāsi. Bhagavā katabhattakicco anumodanaṃ vatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi. Kumāropi ‘‘dāyajjaṃ me, samaṇa, dehi, dāyajjaṃ me, samaṇa, dehī’’ti bhagavantaṃ anubandhi. Na bhagavā kumāraṃ nivattāpesi, parijanopi bhagavatā saddhiṃ gacchantaṃ nivattetuṃ nāsakkhi. Iti so bhagavatā saddhiṃ ārāmameva agamāsi.
836于是,世尊思惟:“这孩子想要的是属于他父亲的世间财富,那是随顺轮回、充满过患的。来吧,我就在这儿把我在菩提树下证得的七种圣财给他,让他成为这出世间遗产的主人。”于是便召唤尊者舍利弗说:“那么,舍利弗,就请你度罗睺罗出家吧。”舍利弗长老便度他出家了。然而,王子出家后,国王心中生起了极大的痛苦。他无法忍受这份痛楚,便来到世尊面前请求一个恩惠:“尊者,圣者们不应度那些未得父母允许的儿子出家,这实在太好了。”世尊便应允了他这个请求。又过了一天,世尊在王宫中用完斋饭后,国王坐在一旁说:“尊者,在您修苦行的时候,有一位天女来到我面前说:‘你的儿子死了。’我不信她的话,拒绝道:‘我的儿子在未证得正觉之前,是不会死的。’”世尊便以此事为缘起,讲述了《大法护本生》,说道:“你们现在又怎么会相信呢?过去有人把骨骸给你们看,说‘你的儿子死了’,你们那时还不信呢。”当这则故事讲完时,国王便安住于不来果。
Tato bhagavā cintesi – ‘‘yaṃ ayaṃ pitusantakaṃ dhanaṃ icchati, taṃ vaṭṭānugataṃ savighātaṃ, handassa me bodhimaṇḍe paṭiladdhaṃ sattavidhaṃ ariyadhanaṃ demi, lokuttaradāyajjassa naṃ sāmikaṃ karomī’’ti āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘tena hi, sāriputta, rāhulaṃ pabbājehī’’ti. Thero taṃ pabbājesi. Pabbajite ca pana kumāre rañño adhimattaṃ dukkhaṃ uppajji, taṃ adhivāsetuṃ asakkonto bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘‘sādhu, bhante, ayyā mātāpitūhi ananuññātaṃ puttaṃ na pabbājeyyu’’nti varaṃ yāci. Bhagavā ca tassa varaṃ datvā punekadivase rājanivesane katabhattakicco ekamantaṃ nisinnena raññā ‘‘bhante, tumhākaṃ dukkarakārikakāle ekā devatā maṃ upasaṅkamitvā ‘putto te kālaṅkato’ti āha, tassā vacanaṃ asaddahanto ‘na mayhaṃ putto sambodhiṃ appatvā kālaṃ karotī’ti taṃ paṭikkhipi’’nti vutte ‘‘tumhe idāni kiṃ saddahissatha, ye tumhe pubbepi aṭṭhikāni dassetvā ‘putto te mato’ti vutte na saddahitthā’’ti imissā aṭṭhuppattiyā mahādhammapālajātakaṃ kathesi. Kathāpariyosāne rājā anāgāmiphale patiṭṭhahi.
837就这样,世尊令父亲安立于三果之后,由比丘僧团围绕着,再次回到了王舍城,住在寒林。那时,给孤独居士带着五百辆车的货物来到王舍城,前往他一位亲密好友长者的家中。在那里,他听闻了佛陀世尊出现于世的消息。在凌晨时分,凭借着天神的威力,门户自动敞开,他来到导师跟前听法,并安立了入流果。第二天,他为以佛陀为首的僧团举办了一场大供养,并得到了导师将前往舍卫城的承诺。在沿途四十五由旬的路上,他每间隔一由旬就布施十万钱财建造寺院,又以金砖铺地,用十八亿金购得祇园,开始动工。他在中央为十力者建造了香室,围绕着香室,为八十位大长老分别建造了各有一套设施的住所,包括单房、双房、鹅颈屋、长者短者用的厅堂和殿堂等,还有其他各种座位卧具,以及池塘、经行道、夜间休憩处、日间休憩处等,花费了十八亿,在一块令人愉悦的地段上,建起了一座令人心旷神怡的寺院。之后,他便派遣使者去迎请十力者前来。导师听闻了使者的传话后,便由大比丘僧团围绕着,从王舍城出发,次第前行,抵达了舍卫城。
Iti bhagavā pitaraṃ tīsu phalesu patiṭṭhāpetvā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto punadeva rājagahaṃ gantvā sītavane vihāsi. Tasmiṃ samaye anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati pañcahi sakaṭasatehi bhaṇḍaṃ ādāya rājagahaṃ gantvā attano piyasahāyakassa seṭṭhino gehaṃ gantvā tattha buddhassa bhagavato uppannabhāvaṃ sutvā balavapaccūse devatānubhāvena vivaṭena dvārena satthāraṃ upasaṅkamitvā dhammaṃ sutvā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya, dutiye divase buddhappamukhassa saṅghassa mahādānaṃ datvā sāvatthiṃ āgamanatthāya satthu paṭiññaṃ gahetvā antarāmagge pañcacattālīsayojanaṭṭhāne satasahassaṃ datvā yojanike yojanike vihāraṃ kāretvā jetavanaṃ koṭisanthārena aṭṭhārasahi hiraññakoṭīhi kiṇitvā navakammaṃ paṭṭhapesi. So majjhe dasabalassa gandhakuṭiṃ kāresi, taṃ parivāretvā asītiyā mahātherānaṃ pāṭiyekkaṃ ekasannivesane āvāse ekakuṭikadvikuṭikahaṃsavaṭṭakadīgharassasālāmaṇḍapādivasena sesasenāsanāni pokkharaṇicaṅkamanarattiṭṭhānadivāṭṭhānāni cāti aṭṭhārasakoṭipariccāgena ramaṇīye bhūmibhāge manoramaṃ vihāraṃ kāretvā dasabalassa āgamanatthāya dūtaṃ pāhesi. Satthā tassa vacanaṃ sutvā mahābhikkhusaṅghaparivāro rājagahā nikkhamitvā anupubbena sāvatthinagaraṃ pāpuṇi.
838大富长者也将寺院的落成庆典准备妥当。在如来进入祇园的那一天,他把自己的儿子用一切饰品装饰起来,并让他与五百位同样盛装打扮的童子一同前去。这孩子的随从们手持五百面用五色布匹制成、璀璨闪耀的幢幡,走在十力者的前面。在他们之后,名为大善贤和小善贤的两位长者女儿,与五百位少女一起,捧着满溢的宝瓶走了出来;在她们之后,长者的妻子浑身盛装,与五百位妇女一起,捧着满盘的供品走了出来;在所有人最后,大富长者穿着新衣,与同样穿着新衣的五百位长者一起,上前迎接世尊。世尊让这些在家信众走在前面,自己则由大比丘僧团围绕着,他以自身散发的光芒,令所经之处,林间宛若倾泻了金色液体般灿烂耀眼,就这样以无边的佛陀威仪、无量的佛陀祥瑞,进入了祇园精舍。
Mahāseṭṭhipi kho vihāramahaṃ sajjetvā tathāgatassa jetavanaṃ pavisanadivase puttaṃ sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ katvā alaṅkatapaṭiyatteheva pañcahi kumārasatehi saddhiṃ pesesi. So saparivāro pañcavaṇṇavatthasamujjalāni pañca dhajasatāni gahetvā dasabalassa purato ahosi, tesaṃ pacchato mahāsubhaddā cūḷasubhaddāti dve seṭṭhidhītaro pañcahi kumārikāsatehi saddhiṃ puṇṇaghaṭe gahetvā nikkhamiṃsu, tāsaṃ pacchato seṭṭhibhariyā sabbālaṅkārapaṭimaṇḍitā pañcahi mātugāmasatehi saddhiṃ puṇṇapātiyo gahetvā nikkhami, sabbesaṃ pacchato mahāseṭṭhi ahatavatthanivattho ahatavatthanivattheheva pañcahi seṭṭhisatehi saddhiṃ bhagavantaṃ abbhuggañchi. Bhagavā imaṃ upāsakaparisaṃ purato katvā mahābhikkhusaṅghaparivuto attano sarīrappabhāya suvaṇṇarasasekasiñcanāni viya vanantarāni kurumāno anantāya buddhalīlāya aparimāṇāya buddhasiriyā jetavanavihāraṃ pāvisi.
839这时,给孤独长者请问世尊:“尊者,对于这座寺院,我应当如何做?”世尊说:“那么,居士,你就把这座寺院,奉献给已来及将来的四方比丘僧团吧。”大富长者说:“好的,尊者。”便取来金瓶,将水倒在十力者的手上,正式宣告:“我将这座祇园精舍,奉献给以佛陀为首的、已来及将来的四方比丘僧团。”导师接受了这座寺院,并作随喜赞叹:
Atha naṃ anāthapiṇḍiko āpucchi – ‘‘kathāhaṃ, bhante, imasmiṃ vihāre paṭipajjāmī’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi, gahapati, imaṃ vihāraṃ āgatānāgatassa cātuddisassa bhikkhusaṅghassa patiṭṭhāpehī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, bhante’’ti mahāseṭṭhi suvaṇṇabhiṅgāraṃ ādāya dasabalassa hatthe udakaṃ pātetvā ‘‘imaṃ jetavanavihāraṃ āgatānāgatassa cātuddisassa buddhappamukhassa bhikkhusaṅghassa dammī’’ti adāsi. Satthā vihāraṃ paṭiggahetvā anumodanaṃ karonto –
840它抵御寒冷、炎热,以及由此而来的猛兽;
‘‘Sītaṃ uṇhaṃ paṭihanti, tato vāḷamigāni ca;
841抵御蛇蝎和蚊虫,也抵御冷季的暴雨。
Sarīsape ca makase, sisire cāpi vuṭṭhiyo.
842此外,所生起的猛烈风与热,也被挡除;
‘‘Tato vātātapo ghoro, sañjāto paṭihaññati;
843既为了庇护和安乐,也为了修习禅那与修观。
Leṇatthañca sukhatthañca, jhāyituñca vipassituṃ.
844施与僧团的精舍布施,被佛陀赞誉为最上;
‘‘Vihāradānaṃ saṅghassa, aggaṃ buddhena vaṇṇitaṃ;
845因此,有智慧的人,见到自己的利益,
Tasmā hi paṇḍito poso, sampassaṃ atthamattano.
846就应当建造令人愉悦的精舍,并让多闻者安住其中;
‘‘Vihāre kāraye ramme, vāsayettha bahussute;
847对他们的食物、饮料,以及衣物、坐卧具,
Tesaṃ annañca pānañca, vatthasenāsanāni ca.
848应当以清净的信心,布施给那些正直者。
‘‘Dadeyya ujubhūtesu, vippasannena cetasā;
849他们为他开示那能去除一切苦的法。
Te tassa dhammaṃ desenti, sabbadukkhāpanūdanaṃ;
850他在这里彻知了这个法之后,便无漏般涅槃了。”(《小部》295)
Yaṃ so dhammaṃ idhaññāya, parinibbāti anāsavo’’ti. (cūḷava. 295) –
851(注疏者)讲说了精舍的功德。给孤独从第二天开始举行了精舍庆典。毗舍佉的精舍庆典四个月完成,而给孤独的精舍庆典九个月才完成。在精舍庆典中,他们也布施了十八俱胝。就这样,仅仅在这一座精舍上,他就布施了总计五十四俱胝的财富。
Vihārānisaṃsaṃ kathesi. Anāthapiṇḍiko dutiyadivasato paṭṭhāya vihāramahaṃ ārabhi. Visākhāya vihāramaho catūhi māsehi niṭṭhito, anāthapiṇḍikassa pana vihāramaho navahi māsehi niṭṭhāsi. Vihāramahepi aṭṭhāraseva koṭiyo pariccāgaṃ agamaṃsu. Iti ekasmiṃyeva vihāre catupaṇṇāsakoṭisaṅkhaṃ dhanaṃ pariccaji.
852过去,在毗婆尸佛的时代,一位名叫富那婆薮弥陀的长者,用金砖铺地买下那块地方,就在那里建造了一由旬大的僧园。在尸弃佛的时代,一位名叫西利瓦达的长者,用金犁头铺地买下,建造了三俱卢舍大的僧园。在毗舍婆佛的时代,一位名叫苏提耶的长者,用金象足迹铺地买下,建造了半由旬大的僧园。在拘留孙佛的时代,一位名叫阿秋德的长者,用金砖铺地买下,建造了一俱卢舍大的僧园。在拘那含佛的时代,一位名叫乌戈的长者,用金龟铺地买下,建造了半俱卢舍大的僧园。在迦叶佛的时代,一位名叫苏曼伽罗的长者,用金杖铺地买下,建造了十六迦利沙大的僧园。而在我们世尊的时代,名为给孤独的长者,用千万咖哈巴那铺地买下,就在那里建造了八迦利沙大的僧园。据说,这个地方确实是诸佛都不曾舍弃的地方。
Atīte pana vipassissa bhagavato kāle punabbasumitto nāma seṭṭhi suvaṇṇiṭṭhakāsanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne yojanappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Sikhissa pana bhagavato kāle sirivaḍḍho nāma seṭṭhi suvaṇṇaphālasanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne tigāvutappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Vessabhussa bhagavato kāle sotthiyo nāma seṭṭhi suvaṇṇahatthipadasanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne aḍḍhayojanappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Kakusandhassa bhagavato kāle accuto nāma seṭṭhi suvaṇṇiṭṭhakāsanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne gāvutappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Koṇāgamanassa bhagavato kāle uggo nāma seṭṭhi suvaṇṇakacchapasanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne aḍḍhagāvutappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Kassapassa bhagavato kāle sumaṅgalo nāma seṭṭhi suvaṇṇayaṭṭhisanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne soḷasakarīsappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Amhākaṃ pana bhagavato kāle anāthapiṇḍiko nāma seṭṭhi kahāpaṇakoṭisanthārena kiṇitvā tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne aṭṭhakarīsappamāṇaṃ saṅghārāmaṃ kāresi. Idaṃ kira ṭhānaṃ sabbabuddhānaṃ avijahitaṭṭhānameva.
853就这样,从在菩提树下证得一切知智,直到最后般涅槃的床座,世尊所住过的每一处,应知道这就称为「近起因缘」。
Iti mahābodhimaṇḍe sabbaññutappattito yāva mahāparinibbānamañcā yasmiṃ yasmiṃ ṭhāne bhagavā vihāsi, idaṃ santikenidānaṃ nāmāti veditabbaṃ.
887近起因缘讲述完毕。
Santikenidānakathā niṭṭhitā.
888因缘讲述完毕。
Nidānakathā niṭṭhitā.
854长老譬喻。
Therāpadānaṃ