10. 十一集义注
1第十一品
10. Ekādasakanipāto
2第一 翅舍·乔达弥长老尼偈注释
1. Kisāgotamītherīgāthāvaṇṇanā
1第十一品“善知识性”等偈颂,是翅舍·乔达弥长老尼的偈颂。据说,她于莲花上佛的时代,出生在汉舍卫城的一个家庭。长大成人后,一次在导师座前听法时,见到导师将一位比丘尼安立为“粗衣行者”之首,于是便行了增上行,祈愿未来也获得此位。她在十万劫中流转于天人之间,到如今这位佛陀出世时,生于舍卫城一个穷苦家庭,名为乔达弥;因身体消瘦,众人称她为“翅舍·乔达弥”(瘦乔达弥)。后来,她嫁入夫家,因为是穷人家的女儿,遭到了婆家的轻视。她生下一个儿子,有了儿子之后,才得到尊重。然而,孩子在能跑能跳、会玩耍的年纪便死去了,她因此陷入了悲痛所引发的疯狂。
Ekādasakanipāte kalyāṇamittatātiādikā kisāgotamiyā theriyā gāthā. Ayaṃ kira padumuttarassa bhagavato kāle haṃsavatīnagare kulagehe nibbattitvā viññutaṃ patvā ekadivasaṃ satthu santike dhammaṃ suṇantī satthāraṃ ekaṃ bhikkhuniṃ lūkhacīvaradhārīnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapentaṃ disvā adhikārakammaṃ katvā taṃ ṭhānantaraṃ patthesi. Sā kappasatasahassaṃ devamanussesu saṃsarantī imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ duggatakule nibbatti. Gotamītissā nāmaṃ ahosi. Kisasarīratāya pana ‘‘kisāgotamī’’ti voharīyittha. Taṃ patikulaṃ gataṃ duggatakulassa dhītāti paribhaviṃsu. Sā ekaṃ puttaṃ vijāyi. Puttalābhena cassā sammānaṃ akaṃsu. So panassā putto ādhāvitvā paridhāvitvā kīḷanakāle kālamakāsi. Tenassā sokummādo uppajji.
2她心想:“以前我受人轻视,自从儿子出生以后才得到尊重。如今他们却想把我儿子扔到外面去。”就这样,她因为悲痛过度而精神错乱,将儿子的尸身抱在怀里,挨家挨户地乞求:“请给我儿子药吧!”城里的人呵斥她:“哪有什么药?”她对这些话充耳不闻。这时,一位有智之人思量道:“这女人因丧子而疯狂,只有十力者才能知道该给予她什么药。”于是告诉她:“大娘,你到正自觉者那里去,为你的儿子求药吧。”她便来到世尊说法的寺院,说:“世尊,请给我儿子的药。”世尊观察到她得度的因缘已经成熟,便说:“你进城去,从一户从未有人去世的人家那里,取些白芥子来。”她满怀欢喜地说:“好的,尊者!”于是进城,到了第一家便说:“我儿子的病,世尊让我来取白芥子。如果你们家从未死过人,就请给我白芥子吧!”那家人回答:“我们这里,死去的人哪能数得清呢?算了吧,白芥子有什么用?”她又去了第二家、第三家。依靠佛陀的威神力,她的疯狂消退了,恢复了正常的心智。她思惟道:“整个城市必然都是如此,这正是悲悯的世尊所预见到的。”
Sā ‘‘ahaṃ pubbe paribhavapattā hutvā puttassa jātakālato paṭṭhāya sakkāraṃ pāpuṇiṃ , ime mayhaṃ puttaṃ bahi chaḍḍetumpi vāyamantī’’ti sokummādavasena matakaḷevaraṃ aṅkenādāya ‘‘puttassa me bhesajjaṃ dethā’’ti gehadvārapaṭipāṭiyā nagare vicarati. Manussā ‘‘bhesajjaṃ kuto’’ti paribhāsanti. Sā tesaṃ kathaṃ na gaṇhāti. Atha naṃ eko paṇḍitapuriso ‘‘ayaṃ puttasokena cittavikkhepaṃ pattā, etissā bhesajjaṃ dasabaloyeva jānissatī’’ti cintetvā, ‘‘amma, tava puttassa bhesajjaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ upasaṅkamitvā pucchā’’ti āha. Sā satthu dhammadesanāvelāyaṃ vihāraṃ gantvā ‘‘puttassa me bhesajjaṃ detha bhagavā’’ti āha. Satthā tassā upanissayaṃ disvā ‘‘gaccha nagaraṃ pavisitvā yasmiṃ gehe koci matapubbo natthi, tato siddhatthakaṃ āharā’’ti āha. Sā ‘‘sādhu, bhante’’ti tuṭṭhamānasā nagaraṃ pavisitvā paṭhamageheyeva ‘‘satthā mama puttassa bhesajjatthāya siddhatthakaṃ āharāpeti. Sace etasmiṃ gehe koci matapubbo natthi, siddhatthakaṃ me dethā’’ti āha. Ko idha mate gaṇetuṃ sakkotīti. Kiṃ tena hi alaṃ siddhatthakehīti dutiyaṃ tatiyaṃ gharaṃ gantvā buddhānubhāvena vigatummādā pakaticitte ṭhitā cintesi – ‘‘sakalanagare ayameva niyamo bhavissati, idaṃ hitānukampinā bhagavatā diṭṭhaṃ bhavissatī’’ti saṃvegaṃ labhitvā tatova bahi nikkhamitvā puttaṃ āmakasusāne chaḍḍetvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
3这并非村落之法,非城镇之法,也不是某一单独家族之法;
‘‘Na gāmadhammo nigamassa dhammo, na cāpiyaṃ ekakulassa dhammo;
4这是整个世间——包括诸天在内——所共通的法则,即无常性(aniccatā)。
Sabbassa lokassa sadevakassa, eseva dhammo yadidaṃ aniccatā’’ti. (apa. therī 2.3.82);
5她如此说完,便来到世尊面前。世尊便问她:“乔达弥,你得到白芥子了吗?”她回答:“尊者,白芥子的事已经了结了。请您做我的皈依处吧!”于是,世尊为她诵出此偈:
Evañca pana vatvā satthu santikaṃ agamāsi. Atha naṃ satthā ‘‘laddho te, gotami, siddhatthako’’ti āha. ‘‘Niṭṭhitaṃ, bhante, siddhatthakena kammaṃ, patiṭṭhā pana me hothā’’ti āha. Athassā satthā –
6沉溺于爱子,心为所系缚之人,
‘‘Taṃ puttapasusammattaṃ, byāsattamanasaṃ naraṃ;
7如同洪水冲走沉睡的村庄,死亡也将他带走。
Suttaṃ gāmaṃ mahoghova, maccu ādāya gacchatī’’ti. (dha. pa. 287) –
8世尊说了此偈颂。
Gāthamāha .
9偈颂结束时,她就站在原地证得入流果,随即向导师请求出家。导师允许她出家。她右绕导师三匝、礼敬之后,便前往比丘尼的住处出家,受了具足戒。不久,她便以如理作意修习业处,令观智增长。那时,导师为她——
Gāthāpariyosāne yathāṭhitāva sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhāya satthāraṃ pabbajjaṃ yāci. Satthā pabbajjaṃ anujāni. Sā satthāraṃ tikkhattuṃ padakkhiṇaṃ katvā vanditvā bhikkhunupassayaṃ gantvā pabbajitvā upasampadaṃ labhitvā nacirasseva yonisomanasikārena kammaṃ karontī vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhesi. Athassā satthā –
10纵使有人活上一百年,却未曾见到不死句,
‘‘Yo ca vassasataṃ jīve, apassaṃ amataṃ padaṃ;
11那仅活一日而见到不死句的人,他的生命才更殊胜。”(《法句经》114)
Ekāhaṃ jīvitaṃ seyyo, passato amataṃ pada’’nti. (dha. pa. 114) –
12他开示了这首光明偈。
Imaṃ obhāsagāthamāha.
13在那首偈颂的末尾,她证得了阿拉汉果,于受用资具中达到了最殊胜的境界,身披一件具足三种粗劣相的袈裟四方游化。后来,导师在祇园为比丘尼们依次安立位次时,将她安立为着粗劣衣者中的第一。她省思自己的修行经历后,以称扬善知识的方式说出这些偈颂:“依止导师,我才获得如此殊胜的成就。”
Sā gāthāpariyosāne arahattaṃ pāpuṇitvā parikkhāravalañje paramukkaṭṭhā hutvā tīhi lūkhehi samannāgataṃ cīvaraṃ pārupitvā vicari. Atha naṃ satthā jetavane nisinno bhikkhuniyo paṭipāṭiyā ṭhānantare ṭhapento lūkhacīvaradhārīnaṃ aggaṭṭhāne ṭhapesi. Sā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā ‘‘satthāraṃ nissāya mayā ayaṃ viseso laddho’’ti kalyāṇamittatāya pasaṃsāmukhena imā gāthā abhāsi –
213二百一十三。
213.
15“善知识性”——这是牟尼为世间所称扬的。
‘‘Kalyāṇamittatā muninā, lokaṃ ādissa vaṇṇitā;
16亲近善知识,即使是愚者,也能成为智者。
Kalyāṇamitte bhajamāno, api bālo paṇḍito assa.
214二百一十四。
214.
18应亲近善士,亲近他们的人,慧便如是增长;
‘‘Bhajitabbā sappurisā, paññā tathā vaḍḍhati bhajantānaṃ;
19亲近善士,便能从一切苦中解脱。
Bhajamāno sappurise, sabbehipi dukkhehi pamucceyya.
215二百一十五。
215.
21应了知苦,以及苦的集与灭;
‘‘Dukkhañca vijāneyya, dukkhassa ca samudayaṃ nirodhaṃ;
22还应了知八正道与四圣谛。
Aṭṭhaṅgikañca maggaṃ, cattāripi ariyasaccāni.
216二百一十六
216.
24“女身是苦”,这是调御丈夫所宣说的。
‘‘Dukkho itthibhāvo, akkhāto purisadammasārathinā;
25有嫉妒心的妻子尚且是苦,更何况那些只生育过一次的妇女呢?
Sapattikampi hi dukkhaṃ, appekaccā sakiṃ vijātāyo.
217二百一十七
217.
27娇柔的女子们,甚至割喉自尽,吞食毒药;
‘‘Galake api kantanti, sukhumāliniyo visāni khādanti;
28她们身处屠戮之中,遭受这两重灾祸。
Janamārakamajjhagatā, ubhopi byasanāni anubhonti.
218二百一十八
218.
30我临产时赶去,却见丈夫已死;
‘‘Upavijaññā gacchantī, addasāhaṃ patiṃ mataṃ;
31于途中分娩,尚未还家。
Panthamhi vijāyitvāna, appattāva sakaṃ gharaṃ.
219二百一十九
219.
33“两个儿子死了,丈夫也横死途中,这可怜的女人;
‘‘Dve puttā kālakatā, patī ca panthe mato kapaṇikāya;
34母亲、父亲和兄弟,都在同一个柴堆上被焚烧。
Mātā pitā ca bhātā, ḍayhanti ca ekacitakāyaṃ.
220二百二十。
220.
36家道衰败的可怜人啊,你饱尝了无量的苦楚;
‘‘Khīṇakulīne kapaṇe, anubhūtaṃ te dukhaṃ aparimāṇaṃ;
37你曾于千生之中,流下难计量的泪水;
Assū ca te pavattaṃ, bahūni ca jātisahassāni.
221二二一。
221.
39曾经住在墓地中央,还吃过自己孩子的肉;
‘‘Vasitā susānamajjhe, athopi khāditāni puttamaṃsāni;
40我出身衰败的家族,为众人所鄙弃,身为寡妇,我证得了不死。
Hatakulikā sabbagarahitā, matapatikā amatamadhigacchiṃ.
222二二二
222.
42我已修习圣八正道,此道导向不死;
‘‘Bhāvito me maggo, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko amatagāmī;
43我已亲证涅槃,彻见法镜。
Nibbānaṃ sacchikataṃ, dhammādāsaṃ avekkhiṃhaṃ.
223二二三。
223.
45我乃已拔爱箭者,已舍重担,应作已作;
‘‘Ahamamhi kantasallā, ohitabhārā katañhi karaṇīyaṃ;
46翅舍·乔达弥长老尼,心得解脱,宣说此偈。
Kisāgotamī therī, vimuttacittā imaṃ bhaṇī’’ti.
47此处,“善知识性”是指:善的、贤善的、美好的朋友,具备如是朋友者即称为“有善知识者”。如果有人能劝勉他人在戒等功德上增进,为其消除不善,施与利益,并以一切方式成为饶益之友,那么此人便是善知识。此种状态、此种拥有善知识的状态,即是善知识性。“牟尼”指导师。“针对世间而赞叹”意为:为教示应当亲近善知识,而就有情世间而宣说——
Tattha kalyāṇamittatāti kalyāṇo bhaddo sundaro mitto etassāti kalyāṇamitto. Yo yassa sīlādiguṇasamādapetā, aghassa ghātā, hitassa vidhātā, evaṃ sabbākārena upakāro mitto hoti, so puggalo kalyāṇamitto, tassa bhāvo kalyāṇamittatā, kalyāṇamittavantatā. Munināti satthārā. Lokaṃ ādissa vaṇṇitāti kalyāṇamitte anugantabbanti sattalokaṃ uddissa –
48“阿难,这整个梵行,即是善知识性、善友性、善同伴性。”(《相应部》5.2)“弥醯,对于拥有善知识、善友、善同伴的比丘来说,可期待他成为持戒者,以波罗提木叉律仪防护而安住。”(《自说》31)像这样以种种方式赞叹。
‘‘Sakalamevidaṃ, ānanda, brahmacariyaṃ yadidaṃ kalyāṇamittatā kalyāṇasahāyatā kalyāṇasampavaṅkatā’’ (saṃ. ni. 5.2). ‘‘Kalyāṇamittassetaṃ, meghiya, bhikkhuno pāṭikaṅkhaṃ kalyāṇasahāyassa kalyāṇasampavaṅkassa yaṃ sīlavā bhavissati pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharissatī’’ti (udā. 31) ca evamādinā pasaṃsitā.
49“亲近善知识”等句,是在说明善知识性的利益。其中,“即使愚者也能成为智者”意指:亲近善知识的人,虽然先前由于缺乏听闻等而显得愚钝,但从善知识处得闻前所未闻之法等,便能成为智者。
Kalyāṇamitte bhajamānotiādi kalyāṇamittatāya ānisaṃsadassanaṃ. Tattha api bālo paṇḍito assāti kalyāṇamitte bhajamāno puggalo pubbe sutādivirahena bālopi samāno assutasavanādinā paṇḍito bhaveyya.
50“应亲近善士”:即便是愚者,也因为有成为智者的这层原因,应通过适时前往拜访等方式去亲近、侍奉佛陀等善士。“亲近者智慧如是增长”:亲近善知识的人,智慧便如是增长、广大、达至圆满。也就是说,如同其中任何刹帝利等人,通过亲近善士,便能从一切生、老、死等苦中解脱出来——这是语句的逻辑联系。
Bhajitabbā sappurisāti bālassāpi paṇḍitabhāvahetuto buddhādayo sappurisā kālena kālaṃ upasaṅkamanādinā sevitabbā. Paññā tathā pavaḍḍhati bhajantānanti kalyāṇamitte bhajantānaṃ tathā paññā vaḍḍhati brūhati pāripūriṃ gacchati. Yathā tesu yo koci khattiyādiko bhajamāno sappurise sabbehipi jātiādidukkhehi pamucceyyāti yojanā.
51然而,为以善知识的方法开示解脱之道,故说“应了知苦”等句。此处,“四圣谛”即苦、苦集、灭、八支道——应当了知、应当证悟此四圣谛,这是语句的逻辑关联。
Muccanavidhiṃ pana kalyāṇamittavidhinā dassetuṃ ‘‘dukkhañca vijāneyyā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha cattāri ariyasaccānīti dukkhañca dukkhasamudayañca nirodhañca aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggañcāti imāni cattāri ariyasaccāni vijāneyya paṭivijjheyyāti yojanā.
52「女人身是苦」等两首偈颂,是某位女夜叉责备女人身时所宣说的。其中,「女人身是苦,这是被宣说的」:因为轻浮、怀胎及任何时候都要依仗他人而活等种种过患,女人身是苦,这是调御丈夫世尊所宣说的。「与有敌意者共住也是苦」:与有敌意的女子共同生活,这也是苦,表明这同样是女人身的过患。「有些女人仅一次生产」:有些女人只生产过一回,却忍受不了初胎生产的痛苦。「甚至割自己的颈」:她们甚至割开自己的喉咙。「柔弱者吃毒药」:那些身体柔弱的女人,因为自身的柔弱,受不了这种折磨,便服用毒药。「陷入人死中」:所谓「人死」,指的是死胎,即妇人腹中的胎儿死亡;陷入其中,即是子宫里有了死胎。「两者都遭受灾祸」:胎儿与孕妇两者,都遭受死亡以及临死时的种种惨痛。另有些人解释说:「所谓『人死』是指烦恼,陷入其中,即是落入烦恼相续中的夫妇两人,在这一生因烦恼的炽盛热恼,在未来世也因恶趣的逼迫而遭受灾祸。」据说这两首偈颂,是那位女夜叉回忆起自己前生所遭受的苦而说出来的。而长老尼则是为了说明女人身的过患而说。
‘‘Dukkhoitthibhāvo’’tiādikā dve gāthā aññatarāya yakkhiniyā itthibhāvaṃ garahantiyā bhāsitā. Tattha dukkho itthibhāvo akkhātoti capalatā, gabbhadhāraṇaṃ, sabbakālaṃ parapaṭibaddhavuttitāti evamādīhi ādīnavehi itthibhāvo dukkhoti, purisadammasārathinā bhagavatā kathito. Sapattikampi dukkhanti sapattavāso sapattiyā saddhiṃ saṃvāsopi dukkho, ayampi itthibhāve ādīnavoti adhippāyo. Appekaccā sakiṃ vijātāyoti ekaccā itthiyo ekavārameva vijātā, paṭhamagabbhe vijāyanadukkhaṃ asahantiyo. Galake api kantantīti attano gīvampi chindanti. Sukhumāliniyo visāni khādantīti sukhumālasarīrā attano sukhumālabhāvena khedaṃ avisahantiyo visānipi khādanti. Janamārakamajjhagatāti janamārako vuccati mūḷhagabbho. Mātugāmajanassa mārako, majjhagatā janamārakā kucchigatā, mūḷhagabbhāti attho. Ubhopi byasanāni anubhontīti gabbho gabbhinī cāti dvepi janā maraṇañca māraṇantikabyasanāni ca pāpuṇanti. Apare pana bhaṇanti ‘‘janamārakā nāma kilesā, tesaṃ majjhagatā kilesasantānapatitā ubhopi jāyāpatikā idha kilesapariḷāhavasena, āyatiṃ duggatiparikkilesavasena byasanāni pāpuṇantī’’ti. Imā kira dve gāthā sā yakkhinī purimattabhāve attano anubhūtadukkhaṃ anussaritvā āha. Therī pana itthibhāve ādīnavavibhāvanāya paccanubhāsantī avoca.
53「临近分娩而行」等两首偈颂,是依于波吒左罗长老尼的事迹而说。在这里,「临近分娩而行」:是说她临产的时间快到了,却还在路上行走;尚未回到自己家中,就在途中生产,并且看见丈夫已经死了——这是语句的关联。
‘‘Upavijaññā gacchantī’’tiādikā dve gāthā paṭācārāya theriyā pavattiṃ ārabbha bhāsitā. Tattha upavijaññā gacchantīti upagatavijāyanakālā maggaṃ gacchantī, apattāva sakaṃ gehaṃ panthe vijāyitvāna patiṃ mataṃ addasaṃ ahanti yojanā.
54「于可怜者」:就是对于那位不幸的女子。据说这两首偈颂,是波吒左罗当时悲痛欲狂所说的话;长老尼为了说明女人身的过患,便模仿着她当时的语气和内容而说出来。
Kapaṇikāyāti varākāya. Imā kira dve gāthā paṭācārāya tadā sokummādapattāya vuttākārassa anukaraṇavasena itthibhāve ādīnavavibhāvanatthameva theriyā vuttā.
55引出这两个例子之后,现在为了显示自身曾受的苦,而说「于家系衰败者」等。这里,「于家系衰败者」:指在财富等方面已经衰败的家族女子。「于可怜者」:指已到了极被人轻贱地步的人。这两者都是她对自己的称呼。「你曾受无量之苦」:在此生,或于过去生,你遭受了不可计量的痛苦。如今为了约略显示那痛苦,而说「你的泪已流」等。意思是:在这无始的轮回中流转,被忧愁所迫,你所流的泪——总括来说——甚至远多于大海的水。
Ubhayampetaṃ udāharaṇabhāvena ānetvā idāni attano anubhūtaṃ dukkhaṃ vibhāventī ‘‘khīṇakuline’’tiādimāha. Tattha khīṇakulineti bhogādīhi pārijuññapattakulike. Kapaṇeti paramaavaññātaṃ patte. Ubhayañcetaṃ attano eva āmantanavacanaṃ. Anubhūtaṃ te dukhaṃ aparimāṇanti imasmiṃ attabhāve, ito purimattabhāvesu vā anappakaṃ dukkhaṃ tayā anubhavitaṃ. Idāni taṃ dukkhaṃ ekadesena vibhajitvā dassetuṃ ‘‘assū ca te pavatta’’ntiādi vuttaṃ.Tassattho – imasmiṃ anamatagge saṃsāre paribbhamantiyā bahukāni jātisahassāni sokābhibhūtāya assu ca pavattaṃ, avisesitaṃ katvā vuttañcetaṃ, mahāsamuddassa udakatopi bahukameva siyā.
56「住于冢间中」:指曾成为食人肉的母狗与母豺狼,而住在坟场间。「子肉被食」:在身为虎、豹、猫等生命时,自己孩子的肉被吃掉。「家系毁灭者」:即家族血统已坏灭的人。「被一切责备者」:遭到所有在家之人责备、应受责备的人。「夫死者」:即死了丈夫的女人,寡妇。然而,她是取自己前生所遭遇的这三种情形来说的。即使曾是这样,由于偶然得以亲近善知识,她证得了不死,到达了涅槃。
Vasitā susānamajjheti manussamaṃsakhādikā sunakhī siṅgālī ca hutvā susānamajjhe vusitā. Khāditāni puttamaṃsānīti byagghadīpibiḷārādikāle puttamaṃsāni khāditāni. Hatakulikāti vinaṭṭhakulavaṃsā. Sabbagarahitāti sabbehi gharavāsīhi garahitā garahappattā. Matapatikāti vidhavā. Ime pana tayo pakāre purimattabhāve attano anuppatte gahetvā vadati. Evaṃbhūtāpi hutvā adhicca laddhāya kalyāṇamittasevāya amatamadhigacchi,nibbānaṃ anuppattā.
57现在为了彰显证得不死这件事,而说「已修习」等。这里,「已修习」:指已显发、已生起、已增长,即通过修习证悟的方式通达了。「我见了法镜」:我见到了、我看到了由法所成的镜子。
Idāni tameva amatādhigamaṃ pākaṭaṃ katvā dassetuṃ ‘‘bhāvito’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha bhāvitoti vibhāvito uppādito vaḍḍhito bhāvanābhisamayavasena paṭividdho. Dhammādāsaṃ avekkhiṃhanti dhammamayaṃ ādāsaṃ addakkhiṃ apassiṃ ahaṃ.
58“我已拔除箭矢”:即我已依圣道断除贪等诸箭。“已放下重担”:即已卸下欲蕴、烦恼、行诸重担。“应作已作”:遍知等十六种应作之事皆已成就、已圆满。心完全解脱者说此:心完全解脱的翅舍乔达弥长老尼,以“善知识性”等偈颂开示此义,她仿佛在说他人之事,实则述说自己。此处有这位长老尼的传记(apadāna)。
Ahamamhi kantasallāti ariyamaggena samucchinnagārādisallā ahaṃ amhi. Ohitabhārāti oropitakāmakhandhakilesābhisaṅkhārabhārā. Katañhi karaṇīyanti pariññādibhedaṃ soḷasavidhampi kiccaṃ kataṃ pariyositaṃ. Suvimuttacittā imaṃ bhaṇīti sabbaso vimuttacittā kisāgotamī therī imamatthaṃ ‘‘kalyāṇamittatā’’tiādinā gāthābandhavasena abhaṇīti attānaṃ paraṃ viya therī vadati. Tatridaṃ imissā theriyā apadānaṃ (apa. therī 2.3.55-94) –
59有位名为莲华上佛的胜者,已抵达一切法的彼岸;
‘‘Padumuttaro nāma jino, sabbadhammāna pāragū;
60从此十万劫前,那位导师出现于世间。
Ito satasahassamhi, kappe uppajji nāyako.
61那时,我生于天鹅城,出生在某个家族之中;
‘‘Tadāhaṃ haṃsavatiyaṃ, jātā aññatare kule;
62前往亲近那位人中最胜者,并归投于他。
Upetvā taṃ naravaraṃ, saraṇaṃ samupāgamiṃ.
63我从他那里听闻了与四圣谛相应的法;
‘‘Dhammañca tassa assosiṃ, catusaccūpasañhitaṃ;
64此法甘美,具足最上妙味,能带来轮回止息的安乐。
Madhuraṃ paramassādaṃ, vaṭṭasantisukhāvahaṃ.
65那时,英雄(世尊)将那位身着粗糙袈裟的比丘尼,
‘‘Tadā ca bhikkhuniṃ vīro, lūkhacīvaradhāriniṃ;
66安立她于最上首位,人中至尊(世尊)称赞了她。
Ṭhapento etadaggamhi, vaṇṇayī purisuttamo.
67听闻那位比丘尼的功德,我生起了不小的欢喜;
‘‘Janetvānappakaṃ pītiṃ, sutvā bhikkhuniyā guṇe;
68并随自己的能力、随自己的力量,向佛陀作了恭敬供养。
Kāraṃ katvāna buddhassa, yathāsatti yathābalaṃ.
69我顶礼那位最胜牟尼后,便希求了那样的地位;
‘‘Nipacca munivaraṃ taṃ, taṃ ṭhānamabhipatthayiṃ;
70当时,正自觉者、导师随喜了她为证得彼位所发的愿。
Tadānumodi sambuddho, ṭhānalābhāya nāyako.
71“从十万劫前”指在极其久远的过去十万劫时;“出生于甘蔗家族”指在那个时期,菩萨诞生于名为甘蔗的王族。
‘‘Satasahassito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
72他姓乔达摩,将成为世间之导师。
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
73你将成为他法中的继承者、亲子,由法所化生者,
‘‘Tassa dhammesu dāyādā, orasā dhammanimmitā;
74名为翅舍乔达弥,你将成为导师的女弟子。
Kisāgotamī nāmena, hessasi satthu sāvikā.
75闻此语已,心生欢喜,尽形寿,于彼胜利者,
‘‘Taṃ sutvā muditā hutvā, yāvajīvaṃ tadā jinaṃ;
76我以慈心,以诸资具承事导师。
Mettacittā paricariṃ, paccayehi vināyakaṃ.
77以此善业,及以思愿,
‘‘Tena kammena sukatena, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
78舍弃人身后,我往生三十三天。
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
79于此贤劫中,有梵天亲属、大名闻者,
‘‘Imamhi bhaddake kappe, brahmabandhu mahāyaso;
80姓迦叶,诞生为众说者中之最上。
Kassapo nāma gottena, uppajji vadataṃ varo.
81那时,他为大仙的侍者,亦为人主;
‘‘Upaṭṭhāko mahesissa, tadā āsi narissaro;
82在波罗奈最胜城中,有一位迦尸国王,名叫蓝松鸦。
Kāsirājā kikī nāma, bārāṇasipuruttame.
83我是他的第五个女儿,名叫‘法’,为人所知;
‘‘Pañcamī tassa dhītāsiṃ, dhammā nāmena vissutā;
84听闻最胜者的法后,我欢喜出家。
Dhammaṃ sutvā jinaggassa, pabbajjaṃ samarocayiṃ.
85父亲未曾允许,我们那时便安住家中;
‘‘Anujāni na no tāto, agāreva tadā mayaṃ;
86两万年中,我们精勤不放逸地修习。
Vīsavassasahassāni, vicarimha atanditā.
87身为安乐中长养的公主,我们修持少女梵行。
‘‘Komāribrahmacariyaṃ, rājakaññā sukhedhitā;
88七个女儿,喜悦地侍奉佛陀。
Buddhopaṭṭhānaniratā, muditā satta dhītaro.
89沙门尼、沙门护、比丘尼、比丘施者,
‘‘Samaṇī samaṇaguttā ca, bhikkhunī bhikkhudāyikā;
90法、善法,与第七位施僧者。
Dhammā ceva sudhammā ca, sattamī saṅghadāyikā.
91差摩、莲华色、波吒左罗与龚达拉,
‘‘Khemā uppalavaṇṇā ca, paṭācārā ca kuṇḍalā;
92我、法乐,以及毗舍佉,这是第七位女子。
Ahañca dhammadinnā ca, visākhā hoti sattamī.
93凭借那些善行的业,以及思愿与誓愿;
‘‘Tehi kammehi sukatehi, cetanāpaṇidhīhi ca;
94舍弃人身之后,我便往生至三十三天。
Jahitvā mānusaṃ dehaṃ, tāvatiṃsamagacchahaṃ.
95如今在这最后一生,我出生于长者家;
‘‘Pacchime ca bhave dāni, jātā seṭṭhikule ahaṃ;
96从困厄、无财、衰败中,我转入富有之家。
Duggate adhane naṭṭhe, gatā ca sadhanaṃ kulaṃ.
97除丈夫之外,其余人都说:‘她们将变得一无所有。’
‘‘Patiṃ ṭhapetvā sesā me, dessanti adhanā iti;
98当我分娩之后,便成了众人所喜爱的人。
Yadā ca passūtā āsiṃ, sabbesaṃ dayitā tadā.
99当那位年轻、妙好、娇嫩、在安乐中被养育的孩子……
‘‘Yadā so taruṇo bhaddo, komalako sukhedhito;
100那时,我亲爱的孩子,恍若气息犹存,却已落入阎魔的掌中。
Sapāṇamiva kanto me, tadā yamavasaṃ gato.
101我面容忧愁、满现过患,泪眼迷蒙,涕泣满面;
‘‘Sokaṭṭādīnavadanā, assunettā rudammukhā;
102我抱着死者的尸身,悲泣号咷,四处漫行。
Mataṃ kuṇapamādāya, vilapantī gamāmahaṃ.
103那时,有位善友为我指引,我便前去拜见那无上的圣者。
‘‘Tadā ekena sandiṭṭhā, upetvābhisakkuttamaṃ;
104我说道:“尊者,请赐我令儿子复活的药!”
Avocaṃ dehi bhesajjaṃ, puttasañjīvananti bho.
105“哪一家未曾死过人,你便从那家取来芥子。”
‘‘Na vijjante matā yasmiṃ, gehe siddhatthakaṃ tato;
106胜者——那位善巧于调伏之道的佛陀——这样说道:“拿来!”
Āharāti jino āha, vinayopāyakovido.
107那时,我到舍卫城去,却没有找到那样的家;
‘‘Tadā gamitvā sāvatthiṃ, na labhiṃ tādisaṃ gharaṃ;
108“何处可得芥子?”由此,我获得了正念。
Kuto siddhatthakaṃ tasmā, tato laddhā satiṃ ahaṃ.
109我抛下儿子的尸体,前去亲近世间导师。
‘‘Kuṇapaṃ chaḍḍayitvāna, upesiṃ lokanāyakaṃ;
110他远远望见我,便以甘甜的声音说道。
Dūratova mamaṃ disvā, avoca madhurassaro.
111纵使活过百岁,若不见生灭,
‘‘Yo ca vassasataṃ jīve, apassaṃ udayabbayaṃ;
112唯愿一日之生,能见生灭者,犹为殊胜。
Ekāhaṃ jīvitaṃ seyyo, passato udayabbayaṃ.
113此非村落的法则,亦非聚落的法则,更非单独某个家族的法则;
‘‘Na gāmadhammo nigamassa dhammo, na cāpiyaṃ ekakulassa dhammo;
114一切世间(含天界),共此一法,即是'无常'。
Sabbassa lokassa sadevakassa, eseva dhammo yadidaṃ aniccatā.
115我听闻这些偈颂后,法眼便得清净明澈;
‘‘Sāhaṃ sutvānimā gāthā, dhammacakkhuṃ visodhayiṃ;
116由此了知正法后,便出家而过无家的生活。
Tato viññātasaddhammā, pabbajiṃ anagāriyaṃ.
117这样出家后,于胜者教法中精勤修习;
‘‘Tathā pabbajitā santī, yuñjantī jinasāsane;
118不久,我便证得了阿拉汉果。
Na cireneva kālena, arahattamapāpuṇiṃ.
119我于神通已得自在,具足天耳界。
‘‘Iddhīsu ca vasī homi, dibbāya sotadhātuyā;
120我能了知他心,是奉行大师教法者。
Paracittāni jānāmi, satthusāsanakārikā.
121我证知宿世住,天眼得清净。
‘‘Pubbenivāsaṃ jānāmi, dibbacakkhu visodhitaṃ;
122断尽一切漏,我清净无垢。
Khepetvā āsave sabbe, visuddhāsiṃ sunimmalā.
123我已奉事导师,完成了佛陀的教法。
‘‘Pariciṇṇo mayā satthā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ;
124重担已放下,有之导引已彻底断除。
Ohito garuko bhāro, bhavanetti samūhatā.
125为此义利,我从在家而出家,成为无家者。
‘‘Yassatthāya pabbajitā, agārasmānagāriyaṃ;
126此义利我已证得,即一切结的灭尽。
So me attho anuppatto, sabbasaṃyojanakkhayo.
127在义无碍解、法无碍解、词无碍解和辩无碍解方面,也是如此。
‘‘Atthadhammaniruttīsu, paṭibhāne tatheva ca;
128我的智慧无垢清净,这是仰仗最胜佛陀的威德力。
Ñāṇaṃ me vimalaṃ suddhaṃ, buddhaseṭṭhassa vāhasā.
129从垃圾堆、墓地,以及道路上,捡取碎布。
‘‘Saṅkārakūṭā āhitvā, susānā rathiyāpi ca;
130然后,我将它们缝制成僧伽梨衣,穿着这粗陋的袈裟。
Tato saṅghāṭikaṃ katvā, lūkhaṃ dhāremi cīvaraṃ.
131胜利者(佛陀)对穿着粗陋袈裟这一功德深生欢喜;
‘‘Jino tasmiṃ guṇe tuṭṭho, lūkhacīvaradhāraṇe;
132导师便在大众中,将她安立为此方面的第一人。
Ṭhapesi etadaggamhi, parisāsu vināyako.
133我的烦恼已燃尽……佛陀的教法已成就。
‘‘Kilesā jhāpitā mayhaṃ…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
136翅舍·乔达弥长老尼偈颂的注释完毕。
Kisāgotamītherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
137第十一集的注释完毕。
Ekādasanipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.