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7. 七集义注

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1第七品 七集
7. Sattakanipāto
2一、郁多罗长老尼偈注释
1. Uttarātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā
1在第七品中,“手持杵臼……”(musalāni gahetvāna)是郁多罗长老尼的偈颂。这位长老尼在过去诸佛时已作功德,在每一处轮回流转中,她积累着导向出离的善业;如此次第地,她的善根得到培育,解脱资粮得以累积,成为解脱必然成熟之法。在这个佛陀出世的时代,她生于舍卫城的一个家庭,取名为郁多罗。逐渐长大后,她前往波吒左罗长老尼那里。波吒左罗长老尼为她说法。她听闻佛法后,对轮回生起悚惧,于教法生起净信,于是出家。出家后,她完成了先前所应作的准备,便在波吒左罗长老尼座下,确立起观,精勤修习。由于她具足亲依止,诸根已经成熟,不久便使观力增进,连同无碍解,证得阿拉汉果。证得阿拉汉果后,她回顾自己的修行历程,以感兴偈颂说道:
Sattakanipāte musalāni gahetvānāti uttarāya theriyā gāthā. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikārā tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinantī, anukkamena sambhāvitakusalamūlā samupacitavimokkhasambhārā paripakkavimuttiparipācanīyadhammā hutvā, imasmiṃ buddhuppāde sāvatthiyaṃ aññatarasmiṃ kulagehe nibbattitvā uttarāti laddhanāmā anukkamena viññutaṃ patvā paṭācārāya theriyā santikaṃ upasaṅkami. Therī tassā dhammaṃ kathesi. Sā dhammaṃ sutvā saṃsāre jātasaṃvegā sāsane abhippasannā hutvā pabbaji. Pabbajitvā ca katapubbakiccā paṭācārāya theriyā santike vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā bhāvanamanuyuñjantī upanissayasampannatāya indriyānaṃ paripākaṃ gatattā ca na cirasseva vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Arahattaṃ pana patvā attano paṭipattiṃ paccavekkhitvā udānavasena –
175一百七十五
175.
3“年轻人手持杵臼,舂捣谷物;
‘‘Musalāni gahetvāna, dhaññaṃ koṭṭenti māṇavā;
4养育妻儿,谋求财富。”
Puttadārāni posentā, dhanaṃ vindanti māṇavā.
176一百七十六
176.
6“你们应精勤于佛陀教法,如此行持便无后悔;
‘‘Ghaṭetha buddhasāsane, yaṃ katvā nānutappati;
7迅速洗净双足,随即在一旁端坐。
Khippaṃ pādāni dhovitvā, ekamantaṃ nisīdatha.
177一百七十七。
177.
9“将心安立后,令心专一、善等持;
‘‘Cittaṃ upaṭṭhapetvāna, ekaggaṃ susamāhitaṃ;
10以这样的心「观照诸行」:彻底审视一切有为的造作,「为外」:把它们看成不属于我的外在之物,「而非我」:而不是视为自我。
Paccavekkhatha saṅkhāre, parato no ca attato.
178一百七十八。
178.
12“我听了她——波吒左罗——的那番教诫之语后,”
‘‘Tassāhaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, paṭācārānusāsaniṃ;
13洗净双足,便坐到一边。
Pāde pakkhālayitvāna, ekamante upāvisiṃ.
179一百七十九。
179.
15“初夜时分,我忆起了过去生;
‘‘Rattiyā purime yāme, pubbajātimanussariṃ;
16中夜时分,我净化了天眼;
Rattiyā majjhime yāme, dibbacakkhuṃ visodhayiṃ.
180一百八十。
180.
18“后夜时分,我摧破了黑暗之蕴聚;
‘‘Rattiyā pacchime yāme, tamokkhandhaṃ padālayiṃ;
19随后我成就了三明,便站起身来;你的教诫已经完成。
Tevijjā atha vuṭṭhāsiṃ, katā te anusāsanī.
181一百八十一。
181.
21“就像三十三天的帝释天,在战斗中从未被击败;
‘‘Sakkaṃva devā tidasā, saṅgāme aparājitaṃ;
22为众人所拥戴而安住,我已是三明且漏尽者了。”
Purakkhatvā vihassāmi, tevijjāmhi anāsavā’’ti. –
23她宣说了这些偈颂。
Imā gāthā abhāsi.
24在这里,“将心安立后”:指将修习的心安放在禅修业处之后。具体怎么理解?“令心专一、善等持,观照”:就是观察修行的实践,也就是对诸行以“无常”、“苦”、“无我”这三相来进行观照,这就是它的意思。而这段话,是在教诫的时候,针对她自己和其他比丘尼、以及长老尼等,以随顺教诫的方式而说的。“波吒左罗教诫”:意思是波吒左罗长老尼的教导。也有版本读作“对波吒左罗的教说”。
Tattha cittaṃ upaṭṭhapetvānāti bhāvanācittaṃ kammaṭṭhāne upaṭṭhapetvā. Kathaṃ? Ekaggaṃ susamāhitaṃ paccavekkhathāti paṭipattiṃ avekkhatha, saṅkhāre aniccātipi, dukkhātipi, anattātipi lakkhaṇattayaṃ vipassathāti attho. Idañca ovādakāle attano aññesañca bhikkhunīnaṃ theriyādīnaṃ ovādassa anuvādavasena vuttaṃ. Paṭācārānusāsaninti paṭācārāya theriyā anusiṭṭhiṃ. ‘‘Paṭācārāya sāsana’’ntipi vā pāṭho.
25“而我起身”:指从证得三明的状态之后,从座位上起身。这位长老尼在某一天,在波吒左罗长老尼跟前澄清了业处之后,就回到自己的住处,盘起结跏趺座坐下。她下了决心:“我将不拆散这结跏趺座,直到我的心不执取任何事物、从一切烦恼中解脱出来为止。”然后她开始对诸行进行全面的思择,按部就班地增进观照,依循证道的次第,证得了以神通和无碍解为眷属的阿拉汉果。当十九种省察智运转起来时,她生起了喜悦:“现在我已经完成了该做的事。”在曙光初现的时刻,她宣说了这些喜悦的偈颂后伸展了双脚。之后,就在黑夜完全破晓时,她来到长老尼跟前,回应了这些偈颂。因此经中说:“你的教诫已经完成”等等。其余所有内容,都和前面解说过的方式一致。
Atha vuṭṭhāsinti tevijjābhāvappattito pacchā āsanato vuṭṭhāsiṃ. Ayampi therī ekadivasaṃ paṭācārāya theriyā santike kammaṭṭhānaṃ sodhetvā attano vasanaṭṭhānaṃ pavisitvā pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā nisīdi. ‘‘Na tāvimaṃ pallaṅkaṃ bhindissāmi, yāva me na anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuccatī’’ti nicchayaṃ katvā sammasanaṃ ārabhitvā, anukkamena vipassanaṃ ussukkāpetvā maggapaṭipāṭiyā abhiññāpaṭisambhidāparivāraṃ arahattaṃ patvā ekūnavīsatiyā paccavekkhaṇāñāṇāya pavattāya ‘‘idānimhi katakiccā’’ti somanassajātā imā gāthā udānetvā pāde pasāresi aruṇuggamanavelāyaṃ. Tato sammadeva vibhātāya rattiyā theriyā santikaṃ upagantvā imā gāthā paccudāhāsi. Tena vuttaṃ ‘‘katā te anusāsanī’’tiādi. Sesaṃ sabbaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayameva.
28《郁多罗长老尼偈颂注释》结束。
Uttarātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
292. 遮罗长老尼偈颂注释
2. Cālātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā
26以“提起正念后”等开头的偈颂,是遮罗长老尼的。她也在过去诸佛时种下了种种善行,在轮回各处的生命形态中,累积了导向解脱的善法。在这一世佛陀出现时,她于摩揭陀国的那罗村,投生在了路西萨利婆罗门女的母胎中。在她取名字的那一天,人们给她取名为“遮罗”,她的妹妹叫做“优波遮罗”,而妹妹的妹妹则叫做“尸须波遮罗”。这三位都是法将(舍利弗)的妹妹,她们三人的儿子也各自叫着相同的名字。关于她们,《长老偈》中曾提到:“遮罗、优波遮罗、尸须波遮罗”(Thag.42)。
Satiṃupaṭṭhapetvānātiādikā cālāya theriyā gāthā. Ayampi purimabuddhesu katādhikārā tattha tattha bhave vivaṭṭūpanissayaṃ kusalaṃ upacinitvā imasmiṃ buddhuppāde magadhesu nālakagāme rūpasāribrāhmaṇiyā kucchimhi nibbatti. Tassā nāmaggahaṇadivase cālāti nāmaṃ akaṃsu, tassā kaniṭṭhāya upacālāti, atha tassā kaniṭṭhāya sīsūpacālāti . Imā tissopi dhammasenāpatissa kaniṭṭhabhaginiyo, imāsaṃ puttānampi tiṇṇaṃ idameva nāmaṃ. Ye sandhāya theragāthāya ‘‘cāle upacāle sīsūpacāle’’ti (theragā. 42) āgataṃ.
27然而,这三位姐妹听闻“法将出家了”之后,心里想:“这佛法和戒律一定不简单,那出家生活也肯定非比寻常,我们的兄长竟在那样的地方出家了。”于是,她们生起了极大的劲头和强烈的愿求,舍弃了哭泣垂泪的亲属们,出家了。出家之后,她们精进努力、持续用功,没过多久就证得了阿拉汉果。证得阿拉汉果后,她们便一直安住在涅槃之乐和果定之乐中。
Imā pana tissopi bhaginiyo ‘‘dhammasenāpati pabbajī’’ti sutvā ‘‘na hi nūna so orako dhammavinayo, na sā orikā pabbajjā, yattha amhākaṃ ayyo pabbajito’’ti ussāhajātā tibbacchandā assumukhaṃ rudamānaṃ ñātiparijanaṃ pahāya pabbajiṃsu. Pabbajitvā ca ghaṭentiyo vāyamantiyo nacirasseva arahattaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu. Arahattaṃ pana patvā nibbānasukhena phalasukhena viharanti.
28在她们当中,遮罗比丘尼有一天,午后从托钵乞食回来,就进入安陀林,为了度过日间时分而坐下。这时,魔罗靠近她,用欲乐来诱惑她。关于这事,经文中是这么说的:
Tāsu cālā bhikkhunī ekadivasaṃ pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantā andhavanaṃ pavisitvā divāvihāraṃ nisīdi. Atha naṃ māro upasaṅkamitvā kāmehi upanesi. Yaṃ sandhāya sutte vuttaṃ –
29那时,遮罗比丘尼在午前时分,穿好下裙,拿着钵与衣,进入舍卫城乞食。她在舍卫城中为了乞食而行后,于午后从乞食回来,便前往盲林去作日间住。她进入盲林后,在一棵树下坐着度过日间。那时,邪恶的魔罗来到遮罗比丘尼那里,到了之后,对遮罗比丘尼说了下面的话。
‘‘Atha kho cālā bhikkhunī pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaraṃ ādāya sāvatthiṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkantā yena andhavanaṃ, tenupasaṅkami divāvihārāya. Andhavanaṃ ajjhogāhetvā aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle divāvihāraṃ nisīdi. Atha kho māro pāpimā yena cālā bhikkhunī, tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā cālaṃ bhikkhuniṃ etadavocā’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.167).
30在盲林中日间住坐时,魔罗靠近,想令她断绝梵行生活,问道:“你为了谁而剃头……?”等等。于是,她向他开示了导师的功德和法所具有的导向解脱的性质,通过阐明自己已完成了该做之事的状况,显示自己已超越了魔罗的领域。听到这个,魔罗痛苦、忧愁,就在那里消失不见了。然后,她以自说语的形式,叙述了她与魔罗之间所说的偈颂:
Andhavanamhi divāvihāraṃ nisinnaṃ māro upasaṅkamitvā brahmacariyavāsato vicchinditukāmo ‘‘kaṃ nu uddissa muṇḍāsī’’tiādiṃ pucchi. Athassa satthu guṇe dhammassa ca niyyānikabhāvaṃ pakāsetvā attano katakiccabhāvavibhāvanena tassa visayātikkamaṃ pavedesi. Taṃ sutvā māro dukkhī dummano tatthevantaradhāyi. Atha sā attanā mārena ca bhāsitā gāthā udānavasena kathentī –
182一百八十二。
182.
32“已建立起正念,修习了诸根的比丘尼;
‘‘Satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvāna, bhikkhunī bhāvitindriyā;
33证得了寂静、诸行寂灭的安乐之境。”
Paṭivijjhi padaṃ santaṃ, saṅkhārūpasamaṃ sukhaṃ.
183一百八十三。
183.
35“你为了谁而剃头,看上去像沙门尼?
‘‘Kaṃ nu uddissa muṇḍāsi, samaṇī viya dissati;
36你并不喜爱外道,愚痴的人啊,你为何这样游荡?”
Na ca rocesi pāsaṇḍe, kimidaṃ carasi momuhā.
184一百八十四。
184.
38在此教法之外的诸多外道,都依附于种种「见」;
‘‘Ito bahiddhā pāsaṇḍā, diṭṭhiyo upanissitā;
39他们不了知「法」,也不精通「法」。
Na te dhammaṃ vijānanti, na te dhammassa kovidā.
185一百八十五。
185.
41有一位出生于释迦族的「佛陀」,无人能及;
‘‘Atthi sakyakule jāto, buddho appaṭipuggalo;
42他教导我「法」,也就是超越一切「见」的方法。
So me dhammamadesesi, diṭṭhīnaṃ samatikkamaṃ.
186一百八十六。
186.
44「苦」、「苦」的「生起」,以及「苦」的「超越」;
‘‘Dukkhaṃ dukkhasamuppādaṃ, dukkhassa ca atikkamaṃ;
45以及圣八支道,是导向苦的止息之道。
Ariyaṃ caṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ.
187一百八十七。
187.
47我听闻他的话语之后,便喜悦地安住在教法中;
‘‘Tassāhaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, vihariṃ sāsane ratā;
48三种明已经证得,佛陀的教法已经完成。
Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ.
188一百八十八。
188.
50在一切处的喜悦都已断除,黑暗之蕴已被打破;
‘‘Sabbattha vihatā nandī, tamokkhandho padālito;
51「恶魔,你应当知道:你已被击败,你就是死魔。」
Evaṃ jānāhi pāpima, nihato tvamasi antakā’’ti. –
52她说了这些偈颂。
Imā gāthā abhāsi.
53其中,「satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvānāti(已建立起念)」:通过修习念处,对于身体等以不净、苦、无常、无我之力,善巧地安立了念。「bhikkhunīti(比丘尼)」:指她自己说的。「bhāvitindriyāti(诸根已修)」:由于圣道的修习,修习了信等五根。「paṭivijjhi padaṃ santanti(通达寂静之迹)」:寂静之迹就是涅槃,以亲证通达而通达,已经作证。「saṅkhārūpasamanti(诸行寂灭)」:是一切行寂灭的原因。「sukhanti(乐)」:也就是究竟的乐。
Tattha satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvānāti satipaṭṭhānabhāvanāvasena kāyādīsu asubhadukkhāniccānattavasena satiṃ suṭṭhu upaṭṭhitaṃ katvā. Bhikkhunīti attānaṃ sandhāya vadati. Bhāvitindriyāti ariyamaggabhāvanāya bhāvitasaddhādipañcindriyā. Paṭivijjhi padaṃ santanti santaṃ padaṃ nibbānaṃ sacchikiriyāpaṭivedhena paṭivijjhi sacchākāsi. Saṅkhārūpasamanti sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ upasamahetubhūtaṃ. Sukhanti accantasukhaṃ.
54「Kaṃ nu uddissāti(你究竟为谁)……」这首偈颂是魔罗说的。这里简略地解释:在这个世间,有许多不同的教义和时期,而且这些教义的导师——外道师也很多,你到底是为了谁而剃光头发?不单只是剃光头,还穿着袈裟看起来像个沙门尼。你不喜欢外道——对于像镜子一样反映出各种见解的外道,诸如苦行者、游方者等,你在各个时候都不喜欢。你这愚痴人,为什么这样游走?你舍弃了外道所设定的直接涅槃之道,如今却走上邪道,极其愚痴地游转、徘徊。
‘‘Kaṃ nu uddissā’’ti gāthā mārena vuttā. Tatrāyaṃ saṅkhepattho – imasmiṃ loke bahū samayā tesañca desetāro bahū eva titthakarā, tesu kaṃ nu kho tvaṃ uddissa muṇḍāsi muṇḍitakesā asi. Na kevalaṃ muṇḍāva, atha kho kāsāvadhāraṇena ca samaṇī viya dissati. Na ca rocesi pāsaṇḍeti tāpasaparibbājakādīnaṃ ādāsabhūte pāsaṇḍe te te samayantare neva rocesi. Kimidaṃ carasi momuhāti kiṃ nāmidaṃ, yaṃ pāsaṇḍavihitaṃ ujuṃ nibbānamaggaṃ pahāya ajja kālikaṃ kumaggaṃ paṭipajjantī ativiya mūḷhā carasi paribbhamasīti.
55听了这话,长老尼以回答的方式呵责他,说出了「ito bahiddhā(从此以外)」等。其中,「从此以外的外道」:是指从这个正自觉者的教法之外,如库提沙迦、巴户咖等外道。他们用爱欲之网和见网来网捕众生,所以被称为外道(pāsaṇḍā)。因此说道:“依附于诸见者”,那就是亲近并执取常见等诸见,采纳这些见解。一旦依附于这些见,就依附于外道。他们不了知法:那些外道依附于常见等见解,对于“此转起是这样转起的”流转法,不如实了知。他们不精通法:对于“此还灭是这样还灭的”还灭法也不熟练,因为在转起法的道路上他们尚且迷惘,更何况是还灭法呢!
Taṃ sutvā therī paṭivacanadānamukhena taṃ tajjentī ‘‘ito bahiddhā’’tiādimāha. Tattha ito bahiddhā pāsaṇḍā nāma ito sammāsambuddhassa sāsanato bahiddhā kuṭīsakabahukārādikā. Te hi sattānaṃ taṇhāpāsaṃ diṭṭhipāsañca ḍenti oḍḍentīti pāsaṇḍāti vuccati. Tenāha – ‘‘diṭṭhiyo upanissitā’’ti sassatadiṭṭhigatāni upecca nissitā, diṭṭhigatāni ādiyiṃsūti attho. Yadaggena ca diṭṭhisannissitā, tadaggena pāsaṇḍasannissitā. Na te dhammaṃ vijānantīti ye pāsaṇḍino sassatadiṭṭhigatasannissitā ‘‘ayaṃ pavatti evaṃ pavattatī’’ti pavattidhammampi yathābhūtaṃ na vijānanti. Na te dhammassa kovidāti ‘‘ayaṃ nivatti evaṃ nivattatī’’ti nivattidhammassāpi akusalā, pavattidhammamaggepi hi te saṃmūḷhā, kimaṅgaṃ pana nivattidhammeti.
56像这样指出外道言论没有导向涅槃的性质之后,现在为了回答“你为谁而剃发”这个问题,而说出了「atthi sakyakule jāto(有生于释迦族者)」等。其中,「超越一切见」:就是超越一切见的方法,解开见之网。其余的解释和前面已经说过的一样。
Evaṃ pāsaṇḍavādānaṃ aniyyānikataṃ dassetvā idāni kaṃ nu uddissa muṇḍāsīti pañhaṃ vissajjetuṃ ‘‘atthi sakyakule jāto’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Tattha diṭṭhīnaṃ samatikkamanti sabbāsaṃ diṭṭhīnaṃ samatikkamanupāyaṃ diṭṭhijālaviniveṭhanaṃ. Sesaṃ vuttanayameva.
61《遮罗长老尼偈颂注》结束了。
Cālātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
623. 优波遮罗长老尼偈颂注
3. Upacālātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā
57「具念、具眼」等是优波遮罗长老尼的偈颂。她的事迹与在遮罗长老尼的事迹中所说的相同。因为她也像遮罗一样出家后,修习观,证得了阿拉汉果,有感而发说——
Satimatītiādikā upacālāya theriyā gāthā. Tassā vatthu cālāya theriyā vatthumhi vuttameva. Ayampi hi cālā viya pabbajitvā vipassanaṃ paṭṭhapetvā arahattaṃ patvā udānentī –
189189.
189.
59“具念、具眼,这位比丘尼诸根已修习;
‘‘Satimatī cakkhumatī, bhikkhunī bhāvitindriyā;
60她已通达寂静之道,是上乘人所习行的。”
Paṭivijjhi padaṃ santaṃ, akāpurisasevita’’nti. –
61她诵出这首偈颂。
Imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi.
62在这里,「具念」指具足正念,也就是在先前阶段以殊胜的念与正知而具足,之后由于修习圣道,达到念的圆满,被最上的念所具足。「具眼」指以慧眼具足,即最初以能导向生灭、圣、能决择的慧而具足,之后达到慧的圆满,以最上的慧眼具足。「为上乘人所习行」指被非低劣的人、上人、圣者、诸佛等所修习。
Tattha satimatīti satisampannā, pubbabhāge paramena satinepakkena samannāgatā hutvā pacchā ariyamaggassa bhāvitattā sativepullappattiyā uttamāya satiyā samannāgatāti attho. Cakkhumatīti paññācakkhunā samannāgatā, ādito udayatthagāminiyā paññāya ariyāya nibbedhikāya samannāgatā hutvā paññāvepullappattiyā paramena paññācakkhunā samannāgatāti vuttaṃ hoti. Akāpurisasevitanti alāmakapurisehi uttamapurisehi ariyehi buddhādīhi sevitaṃ.
63“为何你不喜欢生”这首偈颂,是魔罗为了引诱长老尼陷入欲贪而说的。因为魔罗问:“比丘尼,你为什么不喜欢呢?”(《相应部》1.167)长老尼回答:“贤友,我确实不喜欢生。”于是魔罗为了显示:“出生的人能享受欲乐,因此生也应该被希求,欲乐也应该被享用。”然后说道:
‘‘Kinnu jātiṃ na rocesī’’ti gāthā theriṃ kāmesu upahāretukāmena mārena vuttā. ‘‘Kiṃ nu tvaṃ bhikkhuni na rocesī’’ti (saṃ. ni. 1.167) hi mārena puṭṭhā therī āha – ‘‘jātiṃ khvāhaṃ, āvuso, na rocemī’’ti. Atha naṃ māro jātassa kāmā paribhogā, tasmā jātipi icchitabbā, kāmāpi paribhuñjitabbāti dassento –
190190.
190.
65“为什么你不喜欢生?出生的人享受欲乐;
‘‘Kinnu jātiṃ na rocesi, jāto kāmāni bhuñjati;
66你应当享受欲乐,别到将来后悔。”
Bhuñjāhi kāmaratiyo, māhu pacchānutāpinī’’ti. –
67他诵出这首偈颂。
Gāthamāha.
68这段偈颂的意思是:优波遮罗,是什么理由让你不喜欢生、不应喜欢生呢?根本没有那样的理由。因为出生者可以享受诸欲。在这世间,出生者能够接触与五欲相应的色等对象,从而享受欲乐。未出生者就没有这种机会,所以你应该尽情享受欲乐和欲戏之乐。不要像这样说“我年轻时拥有财富,却没有享受过欲乐”而成为事后的懊悔者,不要让自己成为懊悔的人。在这世上,所谓的法只是为了实现利益,而这个利益就是指欲乐,这一含义是显而易见的。
Tassattho – kiṃ nu taṃ kāraṇaṃ, yena tvaṃ upacāle jātiṃ na rocesi na roceyyāsi, na taṃ kāraṇaṃ atthi. Yasmā jāto kāmāni bhuñjati idha jāto kāmaguṇasaṃhitāni rūpādīni paṭisevanto kāmasukhaṃ paribhuñjati. Na hi ajātassa taṃ atthi, tasmā bhuñjāhi kāmaratiyo kāmakhiḍḍāratiyo anubhava. Māhu pacchānutāpinī ‘‘yobbaññe sati vijjamānesu bhogesu na mayā kāmasukhamanubhūta’’nti pacchānutāpinī mā ahosi. Imasmiṃ loke dhammā nāma yāvadeva atthādhigamattho attho ca kāmasukhatthoti pākaṭoyamatthoti adhippāyo.
69听到这些之后,长老尼说明了出生的苦患相,并展示她已超越那种境界,然后呵斥他道:
Taṃ sutvā therī jātiyā dukkhanimittataṃ attano ca tassa visayātikkamaṃ vibhāvetvā tajjentī –
191一百九十一
191.
71“出生者必有死,手脚会被砍断;
‘‘Jātassa maraṇaṃ hoti, hatthapādāna chedanaṃ;
72由于杀害、束缚和忧恼,出生者会遭受苦难。”
Vadhabandhapariklesaṃ, jāto dukkhaṃ nigacchati.
192一百九十二
192.
74“有一位出生于释迦族的正自觉者,他是未被战胜者;
‘‘Atthi sakyakule jāto, sambuddho aparājito;
75他教导了我超越生的法。”
So me dhammamadesesi, jātiyā samatikkamaṃ.
193一百九十三。
193.
77“苦、苦的集起、以及苦的超越;
‘‘Dukkhaṃ dukkhasamuppādaṃ, dukkhassa ca atikkamaṃ;
78还有那导向苦的止息的八支圣道。”
Ariyaṃ caṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ.
194一百九十四。
194.
80我听闻他的话语之后,便安住在教法之中,满心欢喜地修行;
‘‘Tassāhaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, vihariṃ sāsane ratā;
81由此证得了三明,圆满完成了佛陀的教法。
Tisso vijjā anuppattā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ.
195一百九十五。
195.
83在一切地方,爱乐都已被摧毁,那愚痴的黑暗之蕴也已被打破;
‘‘Sabbattha vihatā nandī, tamokkhandho padālito;
84魔罗,你应当知道这一点:你,这个终结者,已经被击败了。”
Evaṃ jānāhi pāpima, nihato tvamasi antakā’’ti. –
85她诵出了这些偈颂。
Imā gāthā abhāsi.
86其中,「有生者的死会发生」的意思是:因为有生的有情的死才会发生,而不是无生者的死。不仅仅只有死,乃至老、病等所有的灾患,这一切也都发生在已生者身上,并且以生为因。因此世尊说:‘以生为缘,老死、愁叹、苦、忧、恼就会生起。’(参阅《大本》1;《分别论》225;《优陀那》1)因此也说「手足被砍断」:手足被砍断只发生在已生者身上,不会发生在未生者身上。在这里应当知道,借由手足被砍断这个例子,三十二种业报刑罚也被显示了出来。因此说:「鞭打、束缚与折磨,已生者遭受苦。」所谓夺命、拳打等类的鞭打折磨,以及枷锁等类的束缚折磨,还有其他任何叫做苦的,这一切全都是已生者才会遭受的,未生者则不会。所以,我不喜欢生。
Tattha jātassa maraṇaṃ hotīti yasmā jātassa sattassa maraṇaṃ hoti, na ajātassa. Na kevalaṃ maraṇameva, atha kho jarārogādayo yattakānatthā, sabbepi te jātassa honti jātihetukā. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavantī’’ti (mahāva. 1; vibha. 225; udā. 1). Tenevāha – ‘‘hatthapādāna chedana’’nti hatthapādānaṃ chedanaṃ jātasseva hoti, na ajātassa. Hatthapādachedanāpadesena cettha bāttiṃsa kammakāraṇāpi dassitā evāti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Tenevāha – ‘‘vadhabandhapariklesaṃ, jāto dukkhaṃ nigacchatī’’ti. Jīvitaviyojanamuṭṭhippahārādisaṅkhātaṃ vadhapariklesañceva andubandhanādisaṅkhātaṃ bandhapariklesaṃ aññañca yaṃkiñci dukkhaṃ nāma taṃ sabbaṃ jāto eva nigacchati, na ajāto, tasmā jātiṃ na rocemīti.
87现在,为了显示生与诸欲已经彻底被自己超越的状况,从根源开始,她说出了‘有生于释迦族者’等偈颂。其中,「未被战胜者」:指不被烦恼魔等任何一者所战胜。因为大师(指佛陀)是一切战胜者,绝对地征服了包含天神在内的世间而安住,所以称为「未被战胜者」。其余部分因为按照已经说明的方法,文义显而易见。
Idāni jātiyā kāmānañca accantameva attanā samatikkantabhāvaṃ mūlato paṭṭhāya dassentī – ‘‘atthi sakyakule jāto’’tiādimāha. Tattha aparājitoti kilesamārādinā kenaci na parājito. Satthā hi sabbābhibhū sadevakaṃ lokaṃ aññadatthu abhibhavitvā ṭhito , tasmā aparājito. Sesaṃ vuttanayattā uttānameva.
94优波遮罗长老尼的偈颂注疏结束。
Upacālātherīgāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
95《七集》的注疏结束。
Sattakanipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.