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20. 六十集义注

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二十、六十品
20. Saṭṭhinipāto
1一、大摩嘎剌那长老偈注释
1. Mahāmoggallānattheragāthāvaṇṇanā
1《六十品》名为《林中品》等,是具寿大摩嘎剌那长老所作伽他。其成由何?此由其品名取自于佛陀即位法席上一事。该长老自出家日起,第七日,于摩揭陀国迦罗伐罗邑依止沙门法,战胜昏沉,临近断灭,应众调伏,于佛陀所说的根本修行法中,闻受正观日增,依止上行道路,达到了究竟涅槃标志,并得见弟子至善智。由此《阿巴丹经》遂记载(阿巴《长老传》1.1.375-397)此事。
Saṭṭhinipāte āraññikātiādikā āyasmato mahāmoggallānattherassa gāthā. Kā uppatti? Tassa vatthu dhammasenāpativatthumhi vuttameva. Thero hi pabbajitadivasato sattame divase magadharaṭṭhe kallavālagāmakaṃ upanissāya samaṇadhammaṃ karonto thinamiddhe okkante satthārā – ‘‘moggallāna, moggallāna, mā, brāhmaṇa, ariyaṃ tuṇhībhāvaṃ pamādo’’tiādinā (saṃ. ni. 2.235) saṃvejito thinamiddhaṃ vinodetvā bhagavatā vuccamānaṃ dhātukammaṭṭhānaṃ suṇanto eva vipassanaṃ vaḍḍhetvā paṭipāṭiyā uparimaggattayaṃ upagantvā aggaphalakkhaṇe sāvakapāramīñāṇassa matthakaṃ pāpuṇi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.1.375-397) –
3如是云:阿诺摩达西佛陀,世界至尊,众生之王;
‘‘Anomadassī bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;
4曾居于喜马拉雅山,诸天众之前;
Vihāsi himavantamhi, devasaṅghapurakkhato.
5彼时我名为伐楼那,是为龙王;
‘‘Varuṇo nāma nāmena, nāgarājā ahaṃ tadā;
6娇媚形像,居于大海之中;
Kāmarūpī vikubbāmi, mahodadhinivāsahaṃ.
7离群散团,独居一方,立于巅峰;
‘‘Saṅgaṇiyaṃ gaṇaṃ hitvā, tūriyaṃ paṭṭhapesahaṃ;
8围绕正觉者,彼时开始讨论辩论。
Sambuddhaṃ parivāretvā, vādesuṃ accharā tadā.
9在争辩中,诸天降下雨滴浇洒这些辩论争端;
‘‘Vajjamānesu tūresu, devā tūrāni vajjayuṃ;
10两方听闻声响,连佛陀也觉知其事。
Ubhinnaṃ saddaṃ sutvāna, buddhopi sampabujjhatha.
11招请正觉者,亲至同一住所;
‘‘Nimantetvāna sambuddhaṃ, sakaṃ bhavanupāgamiṃ;
12安置座位,当下宣布时辰。
Āsanaṃ paññapetvāna, kālamārocayiṃ ahaṃ.
13被万位已断烦恼者围绕的世尊,
‘‘Khīṇāsavasahassehi, parivuto lokanāyako;
14诸方显现光明,来到我所安住之处。
Obhāsento disā sabbā, bhavanaṃ me upāgami.
15卓立的大英勇者,诸天之王人中之首;
‘‘Upaviṭṭhaṃ mahāvīraṃ, devadevaṃ narāsabhaṃ;
16我曾为圣僧团供养,给养饮食,心恭敬。
Sabhikkhusaṅghaṃ tappesiṃ, annapānenahaṃ tadā.
17那位大英勇者,自己成就之第一人物,
‘‘Anumodi mahāvīro, sayambhū aggapuggalo;
18坐于比丘团中,朗诵此偈言:
Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.
19若有轻慢僧团,亦轻慢佛世尊;
‘‘Yo so saṅghaṃ apūjesi, buddhañca lokanāyakaṃ;
20以此心意的欢喜,则将往生天界。
Tena cittappasādena, devalokaṃ gamissati.
21七百三十三劫,将成天王;
‘‘Sattasattatikkhattuñca, devarajjaṃ karissati;
22在八百劫间,住于大地。
Pathabyā rajjaṃ aṭṭhasataṃ, vasudhaṃ āvasissati.
23五十五劫之后,将成为世界统治者;
‘‘Pañcapaññāsakkhattuñca, cakkavattī bhavissati;
24其享乐无数,尽未来际皆生起。
Bhogā asaṅkhiyā tassa, uppajjissanti tāvade.
25在无量无数此后之劫,为乌鸦家族的所生。
‘‘Aparimeyye ito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
26名为乔达摩者,将成世间的导师。
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
27离开地狱道后,将到达人间界。
‘‘Nirayā so cavitvāna, manussattaṃ gamissati;
28以‘顾利陀’为名,将成为梵族之亲属。
Kolito nāma nāmena, brahmabandhu bhavissati.
29之后出家修行,因善根所感动;
‘‘So pacchā pabbajitvāna, kusalamūlena codito;
30成为乔达摩世尊的第二位弟子。
Gotamassa bhagavato, dutiyo hessati sāvako.
31精勤用功,专心致志,已达成神通之波罗蜜。
‘‘Āraddhavīriyo pahitatto, iddhiyā pāramiṃ gato;
32于一切染污皆悉了知,断除烦恼而得涅槃。
Sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.
33因恶友所接近,意乐欲界之贪欲;
‘‘Pāpamittopanissāya, kāmarāgavasaṃ gato;
34甚至于母与父亲,心恶意而欲害之。
Mātaraṃ pitarañcāpi, ghātayiṃ duṭṭhamānaso.
35无论何处生起,或于地狱或于人间;
‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, nirayaṃ atha mānusaṃ;
36作恶业相应,断头断颈而死。
Pāpakammasamaṅgitā, bhinnasīso marāmahaṃ.
37此身乃我后后生,最后轮回之身。
‘‘Idaṃ pacchimakaṃ mayhaṃ, carimo vattate bhavo;
38即便如此,彼时于我,当死亡之际,将生起。
Idhāpi ediso mayhaṃ, maraṇakāle bhavissati.
39『依止独处,专注于三摩地的修习;』
‘‘Pavivekamanuyutto, samādhibhāvanārato;
40『断尽一切烦恼,清净无染地生活。』
Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.
41『于大地亦能稳固深厚,如若牢固难破;』
‘‘Dharaṇimpi sugambhīraṃ, bahalaṃ duppadhaṃsiyaṃ;
42『用左大拇指触击,已达神通的彼岸。』
Vāmaṅguṭṭhena khobheyyaṃ, iddhiyā pāramiṃ gato.
43『我不见有自傲,亦无傲慢心存在。』
‘‘Asmimānaṃ na passāmi, māno mayhaṃ na vijjati;
44我承受为沙玛内拉,起具严肃之心。
Sāmaṇere upādāya, garucittaṃ karomahaṃ.
45说:『在无量无边的未来劫中,我所承受的业,
‘‘Aparimeyye ito kappe, yaṃ kammamabhinīhariṃ;
46是身为众生之根基,因此得至烦恼断尽。
Tāhaṃ bhūmimanuppatto, pattomhi āsavakkhayaṃ.
47四种解脱……已依佛陀教法而成就。』
‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
2之后,世尊于初夏时节,住于祇园大寺圣众之间,安坐。以其种种美德而为弟子们树立榜样。彼时令比丘们称赞曰:「这就是我世尊之弟子中,具神通者中的伟大摩嘎剌那。」(出自《增支部·尼柯耶》一八八、百九十)世尊因具此神通,使之定于此处。诸世尊即以此为基,承此比丘之无上波罗蜜,顺其诸种迹相,于各处所,宣说此处诗偈,诸法集会时诵唱——
Atha naṃ satthā aparabhāge jetavanamahāvihāre ariyagaṇamajjhe nisinno tena tena guṇena attano sāvake etadagge ṭhapento ‘‘etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, mama sāvakānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ iddhimantānaṃ yadidaṃ mahāmoggallāno’’ti (a. ni. 1.188, 190) iddhimantatāya etadagge ṭhapesi. Tena evaṃ satthārā etadagge ṭhapitena sāvakapāramiyā matthakaṃ pattena mahātherena taṃ taṃ nimittaṃ āgamma tattha tattha bhāsitā gāthā, tā saṅgītikāle dhammasaṅgāhakehi –
1149一千一百四十九。
1149.
50『野林中托钵者』者,喜乐于所得食物时,
‘‘Āraññikā piṇḍapātikā, uñchāpattāgate ratā;
51当为死者军队施舍,内心完全集中安住。
Dālemu maccuno senaṃ, ajjhattaṃ susamāhitā.
1150一千一百五十。
1150.
53『野林中托钵者』者,喜乐于所得食物时,
‘‘Āraññikā piṇḍapātikā, uñchāpattāgate ratā;
54应磨灭死者军队,如同大象破坏其居所般。
Dhunāma maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaro.
1151一千一百五十一。
1151.
56『树根为基、草叶为盖,乐于栖止于高枝,』
‘‘Rukkhamūlikā sātatikā, uñchāpattāgate ratā;
57『誓愿拥护死者大军,内心专注修持清净。』
Dālemu maccuno senaṃ, ajjhattaṃ susamāhitā.
1152一千一百五十二。
1152.
59『树根为基、草叶为盖,乐于栖止于高枝,』
‘‘Rukkhamūlikā sātatikā, uñchāpattāgate ratā;
60『誓愿扫除死者大军,如象毁坏旱处竹屋。』
Dhunāma maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaro.
1153一千一百五十三。
1153.
62「在八根结聚之处,涂抹着肉眼难忍的污秽;
‘‘Aṭṭhikaṅkalakuṭike, maṃsanhārupasibbite;
63愿你远离那恶臭之地,远离他方,归依我的净域。」
Dhiratthu pure duggandhe, paragatte mamāyase.
1154一千一百五十四。
1154..
65「你的身躯乃新生之耳,周身被臭气环绕;
‘‘Tava sarīraṃ navasotaṃ, duggandhakaraṃ paribandhaṃ;
66比丘当避之,如同避开污秽之物一般。」
Bhikkhu parivajjayate taṃ, mīḷhañca yathā sucikāmo.
1156一千一百五十六。
1156.
68「世人当如是知,我亦如是知;
‘‘Evañce taṃ jano jaññā, yathā jānāmi taṃ ahaṃ;
69应远离酒,犹如洁净之地恶秽避之如毒。」
Ārakā parivajjeyya, gūthaṭṭhānaṃva pāvuse.
1157一千一百五十七。
1157.
71「大勇士,如同沙门所说;
‘‘Evametaṃ mahāvīra, yathā samaṇa bhāsasi;
72此处有些人心生烦恼,如同沼泽中的瘠鹿。
Ettha ceke visīdanti, paṅkamhiva jaraggavo.
1158一千一百五十八。
1158.
74『于空中如同黄胆,若人自以为能驾驭它;』
‘‘Ākāsamhi haliddiyā, yo maññetha rajetave;
75『即使用其他色彩,终究也只能造成破坏。』
Aññena vāpi raṅgena, vighātudayameva taṃ.
1159一千一百五十九。
1159.
77『心念亦如空般,内心专注且稳定;』
‘‘Tadākāsasamaṃ cittaṃ, ajjhattaṃ susamāhitaṃ;
78『勿使恶念侵染,如火团般难以扑灭。』
Mā pāpacitte āsādi, aggikhandhaṃva pakkhimā.
1160一千一百六十。
1160.
80「观其心造之影像,如同粗糙之身所筑成,
‘‘Passa cittakataṃ bimbaṃ, arukāyaṃ samussitaṃ;
81质瘦病态,思虑纷纭,无有坚定恒常。」
Āturaṃ bahusaṅkappaṃ, yassa natthi dhuvaṃ ṭhiti.
1161一千一百六十一。
1161.
83「观其心造之形象,以宝石及耳坠为饰;
‘‘Passa cittakataṃ rūpaṃ, maṇinā kuṇḍalena ca;
84其骨骼常浸润湿,与衣物并具光彩。」
Aṭṭhiṃ tacena onaddhaṃ, saha vatthehi sobhati.
1162一千一百六十二。
1162.
86『足趾扣住,口涂抹灰泥;』
‘‘Alattakakatā pādā, mukhaṃ cuṇṇakamakkhitaṃ;
87『此乃愚人之痴,非真正出离者所为。』
Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino.
1163一千一百六十三。
1163.
89『头发成八股,鼻梁涂抹朱砂;』
‘‘Aṭṭhāpadakatā kesā, nettā añjanamakkhitā;
90『此乃愚人之痴,非真正出离者所为。』
Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino.
1164一千一百六十四。
1164.
92「犹如新生的眼睛,净洁之身装饰其间;
‘‘Añjanīva navā cittā, pūtikāyo alaṅkato;
93这非愚童之所合,非越界者所宜。」
Alaṃ bālassa mohāya, no ca pāragavesino.
1165一千一百六十五。
1165.
95「蓄水之井边的野兽,非胆怯而体魄壮健;
‘‘Odahi migavo pāsaṃ, nāsadā vāguraṃ migo;
96成为捕兽具之役,从今以后同行猎户。」
Bhutvā nivāpaṃ gacchāma, kaddante migabandhake.
1166一千一百六十六。
1166.
98「猎兽人射断捕兽之索,猎人伤灭野鹿的四肢;
‘‘Chinno pāso migavassa, nāsadā vāguraṃ migo;
99猎人如得解脱,便往避难处去,正如鹿群之子哀伤悲切。」
Bhutvā nivāpaṃ gacchāma, socante migaluddake.
1167一千一百六十七。
1167.
101「当时那极其恐怖之境,振动四望撼慑毛骨;
‘‘Tadāsi yaṃ bhiṃsanakaṃ, tadāsi lomahaṃsanaṃ;
102正如多形猛禽降临,彼时舍利弗已证涅槃。
Anekākārasampanne, sāriputtamhi nibbute.
1168一千一百六十八。
1168.
104「诸行无常,乃生灭法;
‘‘Aniccā vata saṅkhārā, uppādavayadhammino;
105彼诸行已生则灭,彼等静息为乐。」
Uppajjitvā nirujjhanti, tesaṃ vūpasamo sukho.
1169一一一六九。
1169.
107「犹如芦苇之柔嫩,用锐利刀割之,
‘‘Sukhumaṃ te paṭivijjhanti, vālaggaṃ usunā yathā;
108观五蕴者,非从彼彼,
Ye pañcakkhandhe passanti, parato no ca attato.
1170一一七〇。
1170.
110“彼等观看诸行者,不论他人或自身,
‘‘Ye ca passanti saṅkhāre, parato no ca attato;
111皆能了达其相;如同枝杈被葱茏浓密的荆棘覆盖,
Paccabyādhiṃsu nipuṇaṃ, vālaggaṃ usunā yathā.
1171一千一百七十一。
1171.
113如同牛犊一般,心志坚定,猛烈燃烧于心头;
‘‘Sattiyā viya omaṭṭho, ḍayhamānova matthake;
114为断除欲爱之火,正念比丘周行修行,
Kāmarāgappahānāya, sato bhikkhu paribbaje.
1172一千一百七十二。
1172.
116「正如炽热之炉,在头顶熊熊燃烧;
‘‘Sattiyā viya omaṭṭho, ḍayhamānova matthake;
117以断除生死贪欲为目的,具足正念的比丘修行出家游方。」
Bhavarāgappahānāya, sato bhikkhu paribbaje.
1173一一七三。
1173.
119「由修习所激发,以身体为依靠;
‘‘Codito bhāvitattena, sarīrantimadhārinā;
120用脚趾使麋鹿母之家摇动不安。」
Migāramātupāsādaṃ, pādaṅguṭṭhena kampayiṃ.
1174一一七四。
1174.
122『此非松懈而起,非仅因懈怠而为;』
‘‘Nayidaṃ sithilamārabbha, nayidaṃ appena thāmasā;
123『涅槃应当证得,断尽一切结束。』
Nibbānamadhigantabbaṃ, sabbaganthapamocanaṃ.
1175『一一七五。』
1175.
125『又此年少比丘,为获最高自在之人;』
‘‘Ayañca daharo bhikkhu, ayamuttamaporiso;
126『持守末后一身,破魔乘胜而行。』
Dhāreti antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhanaṃ.
1176『一一七六。』
1176.
128「欢喜者不随贪欲转移,断尽恐惧与聪慧相伴;
‘‘Vivaramanupabhanti vijjutā, vebhārassa ca paṇḍavassa ca;
129离散欲乐而静修禅定,子嗣少有此种坦然者。」
Nagavivaragato jhāyati, putto appaṭimassa tādino.
1177一千一百七十七。
1177.
131「安静守戒,内心不贪,端坐如垫的圣者;
‘‘Upasanto uparato, pantasenāsano muni;
132如同皇觉世尊的继承者,受梵天礼敬赞叹。」
Dāyādo buddhaseṭṭhassa, brahmunā abhivandito.
1178一千一百七十八。
1178.
134『止息而静心,安隐终老的圣者,』
‘‘Upasantaṃ uparataṃ, pantasenāsanaṃ muniṃ;
135『供养如来最尊者,礼敬婆罗门迦叶,』
Dāyādaṃ buddhaseṭṭhassa, vanda brāhmaṇa kassapaṃ.
1179『同句编号一千一百七十九。』
1179.
137『若有百世轮回者,所有婆罗门种姓,』
‘‘Yo ca jātisataṃ gacche, sabbā brāhmaṇajātiyo;
138『具足根本智慧,频频生于人间,』
Sottiyo vedasampanno, manussesu punappunaṃ.
1180『同句编号一千一百八十。』
1180.
140『若有教导者,通达三种感受的彼岸,』
‘‘Ajjhāyakopi ce assa, tiṇṇaṃ vedāna pāragū;
141『为示敬意,此时当以十六礼敬行持,』
Etassa vandanāyetaṃ, kalaṃ nāgghati soḷasiṃ.
1181一千一百八十一。
1181.
143『彼者识得八种解脱,先前已获,』
‘‘Yo so aṭṭha vimokkhāni, purebhattaṃ aphassayi;
144『顺正逆行,继而趋于食果。』
Anulomaṃ paṭilomaṃ, tato piṇḍāya gacchati.
1182一千一百八十二。
1182.
146“诸比丘,若如是始于每月,为母亲稍稍辩解者,婆罗门啊,
‘‘Tādisaṃ bhikkhuṃ māsādi, māttānaṃ khaṇi brāhmaṇa;
147应当以坚定心志心念,专注于阿拉汉尊者,诸如此类者;
Abhippasādehi manaṃ, arahantamhi tādine;
148应速速双手合掌恭敬礼拜,但愿汝勿拘泥于平常无益之事。
Khippaṃ pañjaliko vanda, mā te vijaṭi matthakaṃ.
1183一千一百八十三。
1183.
150世尊云:此人不能见正法,陷于轮回远古之中;
‘‘Neso passati saddhammaṃ, saṃsārena purakkhato;
151行走迂回下坡之路,随恶道而急速奔走。
Adhogamaṃ jimhapathaṃ, kummaggamanudhāvati.
1184一千一百八十四。
1184.
153如同被密密的荆棘纠缠,被烦恼所覆盖,
‘‘Kimīva mīḷhasallitto, saṅkhāre adhimucchito;
154坚硬的泥块中有杂质,空无所有而失去根基。
Pagāḷho lābhasakkāre, tuccho gacchati poṭṭhilo.
1185一千一百八十五。
1185.
156现在请看这两件事,沙利弗,明净入目;
‘‘Imañca passa āyantaṃ, sāriputtaṃ sudassanaṃ;
157内外皆清净,专注安稳,内心调伏。
Vimuttaṃ ubhatobhāge, ajjhattaṃ susamāhitaṃ.
1186一千一百八十六。
1186.
159『毫无牵连之分离者,是三明者,众生之命终者;
‘‘Visallaṃ khīṇasaṃyogaṃ, tevijjaṃ maccuhāyinaṃ;
160为南方人所居,乃人间功德大利之地。
Dakkhiṇeyyaṃ manussānaṃ, puññakkhettaṃ anuttaraṃ.
1187一千一百八十七。『这些众多天人,具神通且显赫光耀,
1187. ‘‘Ete sambahulā devā, iddhimanto yasassino.
162为一万天之众,均为梵天之侍者;
Dasa devasahassāni, sabbe brahmapurohitā;
163他们敬礼摩诃迦罗,双手合十端立而敬奉。』
Moggallānaṃ namassantā, tiṭṭhanti pañjalīkatā.
1188一千一百八十八。
1188.
165「敬礼你,众人之首,敬礼你,众人之上;
‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;
166因你诸漏已尽,胜于魔王者你显现。」
Yassa te āsavā khīṇā, dakkhiṇeyyosi mārisa.
1189一千一百八十九。
1189.
168「被众人如同尊神敬奉,临终时临敌死之临;
‘‘Pūjito naradevena, uppanno maraṇābhibhū;
169如同莲花洁净,身心无染垢,净洁无瑕。」
Puṇḍarīkaṃva toyena, saṅkhārenupalimpati.
1190一一九〇。
1190.
171云何以一刹那千倍般若,世间认知,婆罗门家住持;
‘‘Yassa muhuttena sahassadhā loko, saṃvidito sabrahmakappo vasi;
172在神通力减退时节,具德比丘能见天神。
Iddhiguṇe cutupapāte kāle, passati devatā sa bhikkhu.
1191一一九一。
1191.
174如沙利弗以智慧、戒律和静虑,
‘‘Sāriputtova paññāya, sīlena upasamena ca;
175此比丘亦达彼至高境界者也。
Yopi pāraṅgato bhikkhu, etāvaparamo siyā.
1192一千一百九十二。
1192.
177『亿万千万之中,生命本性瞬息消逝;
‘‘Koṭisatasahassassa, attabhāvaṃ khaṇena nimmine;
178我善于修习分散心绪之法,已通过神通得以驯服。』
Ahaṃ vikubbanāsu kusalo, vasībhūtomhi iddhiyā.
1193一千一百九十三。
1193.
180『具足定力与智慧,诣于摩嘎剌那长老所传正法;
‘‘Samādhivijjāvasipāramīgato, moggallānagotto asitassa sāsane;
181智者于其中开显,修习专注力如龙解脱缠绕之蔓藤。』
Dhīro samucchindi samāhitindriyo, nāgo yathā pūtilataṃva bandhanaṃ.
1194一一九四。
1194.
183『世尊已由我庄严,佛陀的教法成就如何,
‘‘Pariciṇṇo mayā satthā, kataṃ buddhassa sāsanaṃ;
184沉重如岩石的负担,世间烦恼悉皆断绝。』
Ohito garuko bhāro, bhavanetti samūhatā.
1195一一九五。
1195.
186『出家者为此目的,离家出城诸所在,
‘‘Yassa catthāya pabbajito, agārasmānagāriyaṃ;
187此乃我的利益所在,诸结尽除无所缠。』
So me attho anuppatto, sabbasaṃyojanakkhayo.
1196一千一百九十六。
1196.
189「地狱为何种?乃指恶人互相谩骂之处;
‘‘Kīdiso nirayo āsi, yattha dussī apaccatha;
190有智者比丘集聚其中,并有婆罗门迦拘山。」
Vidhuraṃ sāvakamāsajja, kakusandhañca brāhmaṇaṃ.
1197一千一百九十七。
1197.
192「一百倍受铁钉刺伤,诸苦俱感之处;
‘‘Sataṃ āsi ayosaṅkū, sabbe paccattavedanā;
193即是一种地狱,恶人彼此谩骂之所。」
Īdiso nirayo āsi, yattha dussī apaccatha;
194圣弟子们聚集于毗荼罗,婆罗门迦拘萨得亦在其中。
Vidhuraṃ sāvakamāsajja, kakusandhañca brāhmaṇaṃ.
1198一千一百九十八。
1198.
196『若有人能了知此义者,则为佛陀的弟子;
‘‘Yo etamabhijānāti, bhikkhu buddhassa sāvako;
197如是比丘所聚,即离黑暗,出离苦恼。』
Tādisaṃ bhikkhumāsajja, kaṇha dukkhaṃ nigacchasi.
1199一千一百九十九。
1199.
199『比丘们常立于中路,聚众于四方的佛寺。』
‘‘Majjhesarasmiṃ tiṭṭhanti, vimānā kappaṭhāyino;
200此处所说的色彩鲜明,光辉明亮,如火焰般灿烂;
Veḷuriyavaṇṇā rucirā, accimanto pabhassarā;
201其形态不断变化,呈现新异多样的颜色。
Accharā tattha naccanti, puthu nānattavaṇṇiyo.
1200一千二百。
1200.
203『若有知此者……终究你必远离黑暗与苦楚。』
‘‘Yo etamabhijānāti…pe… kaṇha dukkhaṃ nigacchasi.
1201一千二百零一。
1201.
205『若被佛所教诲,目睹比丘僧团,…』
‘‘Yo ve buddhena codito, bhikkhusaṅghassa pekkhato;
206『震动野猪母猪栖息处,以脚趾头发摇者。』
Migāramātupāsādaṃ, pādaṅguṭṭhena kampayi.
1202一千二百零二。
1202.
208『凡知此义者……如是等,汝必去除黑暗的苦恼。』
‘‘Yo etamabhijānāti…pe… kaṇha dukkhaṃ nigacchasi.
1203一千二百零三。
1203.
210『震动病痛的栖息处,以脚趾头发摇者;』
‘‘Yo vejayantapāsādaṃ, pādaṅguṭṭhena kampayi;
211『依持神力所护,且令诸天生恻隐心者。』
Iddhibalenupatthaddho, saṃvejesi ca devatā.
1204一二〇四。
1204.
213『若有人了知此义……(此处省略)……便知终将远离黑暗之苦。』
‘‘Yo etamabhijānāti…pe… kaṇha dukkhaṃ nigacchasi.
1205一二〇五。
1205.
215『若有人在威严庄严的宫殿中,向萨咖天帝提出询问,
‘‘Yo vejayantapāsāde, sakkaṃ so paripucchati;
216朋友啊,你知道渴爱断灭之解脱;
Api āvuso jānāsi, taṇhakkhayavimuttiyo;
217对此,天帝萨咖详尽地阐明,正如所问之疑难一般。』
Tassa sakko viyākāsi, pañhaṃ puṭṭho yathātathaṃ.
1206一二〇六。
1206.
219『彼知此者,……你今于此暗苦将离。』
‘‘Yo etamabhijānāti…pe… kaṇha dukkhaṃ nigacchasi.
1207一二〇七。
1207.
221『彼问婆罗门者,此正法所立众会;
‘‘Yo brahmānaṃ paripucchati, sudhammāyaṃ ṭhito sabhaṃ;
222今日汝当友,此见即昔日汝所有见;
Ajjāpi tyāvuso sā diṭṭhi, yā te diṭṭhi pure ahu;
223汝见显现遍一切,光明辉映梵天界。』
Passasi vītivattantaṃ, brahmaloke pabhassaraṃ.
1208一二零八。
1208.
225彼时梵天分别说话,按实回答所问问题,
‘‘Tassa brahmā viyākāsi, pañhaṃ puṭṭho yathātathaṃ;
226谓:『魔王,我的见解并不是原先就有的那种。』
Na me mārisa sā diṭṭhi, yā me diṭṭhi pure ahu.
1209一二零九。
1209.
228『我见光明普照整个梵天界,完全明朗;
‘‘Passāmi vītivattantaṃ, brahmaloke pabhassaraṃ;
229今日我当如何言说,我常住其中,享有究竟安乐?』
Sohaṃ ajja kathaṃ vajjaṃ, ahaṃ niccomhi sassato.
1210一二一〇。
1210.
231「若有知者,明白此理……便能远离黑暗苦难。」
‘‘Yo etamabhijānāti…pe… kaṇha dukkhaṃ nigacchasi.
1211一二一一。
1211.
233「若有伟大勇士护屋顶,以解脱为触;
‘‘Yo mahāneruno kūṭaṃ, vimokkhena aphassayi;
234如同林中昔日无形者,以及依止大地的人们。」
Vanaṃ pubbavidehānaṃ, ye ca bhūmisayā narā.
1212一二一二。
1212.
236『彼知此义者』者,谓比丘是佛之弟子也,
‘‘Yo etamabhijānāti, bhikkhu buddhassa sāvako;
237如是比丘住处,方入于黑暗之苦。
Tādisaṃ bhikkhumāsajja, kaṇha dukkhaṃ nigacchasi.
1213一千二百一十三。
1213.
239『火非出于愚人意』者,吾非愚人焚烧,
‘‘Na ve aggi cetayati, ahaṃ bālaṃ ḍahāmiti;
240犹若愚人不察水火混合,亦不致使之燃起。
Bālova jalitaṃ aggiṃ, āsajja naṃ paḍayhati.
1214一千二百一十四。
1214.
242『汝即如是,魔王,当攻击彼如来,』
‘‘Evameva tuvaṃ māra, āsajja naṃ tathāgataṃ;
243『当亲自焚烧自身,如愚者燃起火焰一般。』
Sayaṃ ḍahissasi attānaṃ, bālo aggiṃva samphusaṃ.
1215一千二百一十五。
1215.
245『魔王无功德,攻击彼如来,』
‘‘Apuññaṃ pasavī māro, āsajja naṃ tathāgataṃ;
246『尔以为恶人,吾之恶业不生报。』
Kinnu maññasi pāpima, na me pāpaṃ vipaccati.
1216一千二百一十六。
1216.
248『恶业为汝遂行,长久终至终结;』
‘‘Karato te cīyate pāpaṃ, cirarattāya antaka;
249『魔驰驱向佛陀,勿使比丘陷其网。』
Māra nibbinda buddhamhā, āsaṃ mākāsi bhikkhusu.
1217一千二百一十七。
1217.
251『如是,比丘于湿婆林中,弃绝魔王,』
‘‘Iti māraṃ atajjesi, bhikkhu bhesakaḷāvane;
252『后魔怖怖,顿在彼处隐没。』」
Tato so dummano yakkho, tatthevantaradhāyathā’’ti. –
71如此尊者大摩嘎剌那长老偈语如上所述。
Itthaṃ sudaṃ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno thero gāthāyo abhāsitthāti.
72凭借此类相承,先将若干归纳汇编加以排列成立。
Iminā anukkamena ekaccaṃ saṅgahaṃ āropetvā ṭhapitā.
73其中有关于“森林居士”等四首诗,乃由比丘们禀命宣说。“森林居士”者,是指摒弃村落和营舍,以森林荒地居住者;“乞食者”者,弃绝僧食钵,以托钵乞食为生者,或于各家乞取供养以维持日用者;“隐居者”者,依止苦行之道,专以严行苦行自殉身心,沉溺于苦行之中,由此获得欢喜满足者;“众僧的军队”者,以斩断纷扰欲念为己任,与魔军势力为敌的比喻称谓。内心深定者,则于感官地界清晰定持精进,凭此方式显教此义。
Tattha ‘‘āraññikā’’tiādikā catasso gāthā bhikkhūnaṃ ovādadānavasena bhāsitā. Āraññikāti gāmantasenāsanaṃ paṭikkhipitvā āraññakadhutaṅgasamādānena āraññikā. Saṅghabhattaṃ paṭikkhipitvā piṇḍapātikaṅgasamādānena piṇḍapātikā, ghare ghare laddhapiṇḍapātena yāpanakā. Uñchāpattāgateratāti uñchācariyāya patte āgate pattapariyāpanne ratā, teneva abhiratā santuṭṭhā. Dālemu maccuno senanti attānaṃ anatthajanane sahāyabhāvūpagamanato maccurājassa senābhūtaṃ kilesavāhiniṃ samucchindema. Ajjhattaṃ susamāhitāti gocarajjhattesu suṭṭhu samāhitā hutvā, etenassa padālanupāyamāha.
74“毁灭”意即毁灭、摧毁。
Dhunāmāti niddhunāma viddhaṃsema.
75“勤勉者”者,谓在修行上勤奋不辍,常发精进者。
Sātatikāti sātaccakārino bhāvanāya satatapavattavīriyā.
76关于“四方铁链小屋”等四首诗,是对自陷贪欲之妓女所作的劝戒。其中“四方铁链小屋”者,指用铁链联合绑缚形如八字的拘禁之所。所谓“九根荆棘”者,是以九根荆棘环绕四侧所结成的拘禁。森林中小屋,以木枝坚牢支撑,用藤蔓等缠绑、束缚。你用极粗的八字铁链代替藤蔓,虽是野猪群体拘缚,但仍被严缚,只因过于粗犷笨重。所谓“重香屋脏秽”者,即此屋内充满秽臭污秽,就如头发污秽多种之杂乱之处。你那里香臭之处,因臭秽杂乱,故使你的主权变成污秽之地。至于他处及犀牛等猛兽所出没之所,你偏偏自营不净之处,犹如满是污秽臭秽的鼠窝般。
‘‘Aṭṭhikaṅkalakuṭike’’tiādikā catasso gāthā attānaṃ palobhetuṃ upagatāya gaṇikāya ovādavasena abhāsi. Tattha aṭṭhikaṅkalakuṭiketi aṭṭhisaṅkhalikāmayakuṭike. Nhārupasibbiteti navahi nhārusatehi samantato sibbite. Araññe kuṭiyo dārudaṇḍe ussāpetvā valliādīhi bandhitvā kariyanti, tvaṃ pana paramajegucchena aṭṭhikaṅkalena paramajeguccheheva nhārūhi bandhitvā katā, ativiya jegucchā paṭikkūlā cāti dasseti. Dhiratthu pūre duggandheti kesalomādino nānappakārassa asucino pūre paripuṇṇe, tato eva duggandhe dhiratthu tava dhīkāro hotu. Paragatte mamāyaseti idañca te duggandhassa upari phoṭasamuṭṭhānaṃ parissayaṃ evaṃ asuciduggandhaṃ jegucchaṃ paṭikkūlasamādānaṃ tādise eva aññasmiṃ padese soṇasiṅgālakimikulādīnaṃ gattabhūte kaḷevare mamattaṃ karosi.
77“藏拳”者,即藏于拳中之义。“黑暗缝隙”者,乃借黑暗遮蔽之缝隙所在。“蛇颈鬼怪”者,是指颈项连结双隆起部位,形态可怖且无益如食人魔鬼。凡所有潜行隐密之处,多有九种毒蛇,九种潜伏之面孔,无时无刻不昼夜潜伏、潜行,作弄不洁、弄脏之事。
Gūthabhasteti gūthabharitabhastasadise. Taconaddheti tacena onaddhe chavimattapaṭicchāditakibbise. Uragaṇḍipisācinīti ure ṭhitagaṇḍadvayavatī bhayānakabhāvato anatthāvahato ca pisācasadisī. Yāni sandanti sabbadāti yāni nava sotāni, nava vaṇamukhāni sabbadā rattindivaṃ sandanti, savanti, asuciṃ paggharanti.
78『束缚』者,指造成正行束缚之物。谓比丘,虽于轮回中恐惧着彼,或远离已断之烦恼,然不生傲慢。譬如污垢虽欲清净,实为词语之根。譬如一清净之人,欲以净水洗头,见污垢则远避;比照此义即是‘比丘’的含义。
Paribandhanti sammāpaṭipattiparibandhabhūtaṃ. Bhikkhūti saṃsāre bhayaṃ ikkhanto bhinnakileso vā dūrato parivajjayateti mamattaṃ na karoti. Mīḷhañca yathā sucikāmoti ca-iti nipātamattaṃ. Yathā sucijātiko sucimeva icchanto sasīsaṃ nhāto mīḷhaṃ disvā dūratova parivajjesi, evamevaṃ bhikkhūti attho.
79如此,此人知晓此理,如彼自己所知,自觉其躯体为不净之垢,诚知为真,犹应如是;如大智者亦应知此,远离欲染。譬如污秽之地若常沐浴,犹如其本清净。因然不真实知此故,不舍其头,谓之执着。
Evañce taṃ jano jaññā, yathā jānāmi taṃ ahanti evaṃ sarīrasaññitaṃ asucipuñjaṃ yathā ahaṃ yathābhūtaṃ jānāmi, evameva mahājano jāneyya, taṃ ārakā dūratova parivajjeyya. Gūthaṭṭhānaṃvapāvuseti pāvusakāle kilinnāsuciṃ nirantaraṃ gūthaṭṭhānaṃ viya sucijātiko. Yasmā pana taṃ yathābhūtaṃ na jānāti, tasmā tattha nimuggo sīsaṃ na ukkhipatīti adhippāyo.
80如是,长老其身之污秽表现时,有一妓女因羞愧蒙面,起敬重护之心,诵赞曰‘伟大勇士即如是’,礼敬此长老而不移其心。于此处,即便此身有恶迹,仍有少数众生因心弱感悲愁,沉沦忧郁。譬犹泥淤之水陷沼泽困顿,形容遭此堕落困苦之义。
Evaṃ therena sarīre dose vibhāvite sā gaṇikā lajjāvanatamukhā there gāravaṃ paccupaṭṭhapetvā ‘‘evametaṃ mahāvīrā’’ti gāthaṃ vatvā theraṃ vanditvā aṭṭhāsi. Tattha ettha ceketi evaṃ pākaṭapaṭikkūlasabhāvepi etasmiṃ kāye ekacce sattā āsattibalavatāya visīdanti visādaṃ āpajjanti. Paṅkamhiva jaraggavo mahākaddamakucchiyaṃ sampatitadubbalabalibaddo viya byasanameva pāpuṇantīti attho.
81其次,长老讥诮此无益且招烦扰之行,故称‘空如也’,并作二句偈。其义为:若有人欲以姜黄或他染料染空,则其业致烦恼,心生心扰之果,正如其心不集中于彼境。
Puna taṃ thero mādise evarūpā paṭipatti niratthakā vighātāvahā evāti dassento ‘‘ākāsamhī’’tiādinā gāthādvayamāha. Tassattho – yo puggalo haliddiyā aññena vā raṅgajātena ākāsaṃ rañjituṃ maññeyya, tassa taṃ kammaṃ vighātudayaṃ cittavighātāvahameva siyā, yathā taṃ avisaye yogo.
82如空同心者,此为吾心如虚空,时有离于妄念,内心专注纯净。故勿向恶念伸手,勿沾沾淫欲而生懈怠,勿向邪念而起憎恶。如鸟误以火为雏,取而无益乃致损害,彼皆以此示意。
Tadākāsasamaṃ cittanti tayidaṃ mama cittaṃ ākāsasamaṃ katthaci alaggabhāvena ajjhattaṃ suṭṭhu samāhitaṃ, tasmā mā pāpacitte āsādīti kāmesu nimuggatāya lāmakacitte nihīnacitte mādise mā āsādehi. Aggikhandhaṃva pakkhimāti pakkhimā salabho aggikkhandhaṃ āsādento anatthameva pāpuṇāti, evaṃ sampadamidaṃ tuyhanti dasseti.
83察看心识者等七句,即观见此妓女,见比丘失正念者,悉为责难。闻此,妓女心坚,归依正道,如莲花开。
Passa cittakatantiādikā satta gāthā tameva gaṇikaṃ disvā vipallattacittānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ ovādadānavasena vuttā. Taṃ sutvā sā gaṇikā maṅkubhūtā āgatamaggeneva palātā.
84所谓『次第』等四句,是长老沙利夫多长老涅槃后开始宣说的。其中说到具足多种形态,是指以多种戒律守护及其它法门圆满完善。
Tadāsītiādikā catasso gāthā āyasmato sāriputtattherassa parinibbānaṃ ārabbha vuttā. Tattha anekākārasampanneti anekehi sīlasaṃvarādippakārehi paripuṇṇe.
85说他们深入微细,是指诸行者深入极为细微的法。如何呢?譬如黑暗无星的夜中,有一根白色的细长绳索,分明明亮地显现出来,这就是深入微细的意思。又说『看五蕴者,外无我,内亦无我』,其中所说的『外』是指非我。这是为显示无我的领悟所说的『我无我』。以此为因,显现无我之理,是圣道所具足的,通达苦谛的确证。若无此显现,其他法门难以正确深入。也有人说,『五种取蕴外者为他者』,意谓『见外者』,这是特别说明了五蕴无我,由此以正确方式深入。
Sukhumaṃ te paṭivijjhantīti te yogino atisukhumaṃ paṭivijjhanti nāma. Yathā kiṃ? Vālaggaṃ usunā yathā yathā satadhābhinnassa vālassa ekaṃ aṃsu aggaṃ rattandhakāratimisāya vijjullatobhāsena vijjhantā viyāti attho. Ke pana teti āha ‘‘ye pañcakkhandhe passanti, parato no ca attato’’ti. Tattha paratoti anattato. Tassa attaggāhapaṭikkhepadassanañhetaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘no ca attato’’ti. Etena anattato abhivuṭṭhitassa ariyamaggassa vasena dukkhasacce pariññābhisamayaṃ āha, tadavinābhāvato pana itaresampi abhisamayānaṃ suppaṭivijjhatā vuttā eva hotīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Keci pana ‘‘anatthakārakato pare nāma pañcupādānakkhandhāti ‘parato passantī’ti iminā visesato sabbopi sammadeva vutto’’ti vadanti. Paccabyādhiṃsūti paṭivijjhiṃsu.
86第一句说『生如梦幻』,是对长老尊者第一位的开始说教;第二句则是对尊者增长的劝诫。以下是其具体内容。
Sattiyāviya omaṭṭhoti paṭhamagāthā tissattheraṃ ārabbha vuttā, dutiyā vaḍḍhamānattheraṃ. Tā heṭṭhā vuttatthāva.
87所说的『激荡形态』二句,是开始宣讲对《形态震动经》的说明。这里用『激荡形态』指代世尊之道理,表达对佛陀的礼敬与依止。
Coditobhāvitattenāti gāthā pāsādakampanasuttantaṃ ārabbha vuttā. Tattha bhāvitattena sarīrantimadhārināti bhagavantaṃ sandhāya vadati.
88所谓『不能以懈怠开始』二句,是开启讲述“懈怠”的修行者如幼稚比丘受苦的情况。其中“不能以懈怠开始”意谓懈怠行事不发起精进。又说“不稍缓慢”,即以充足的勇猛力道开始,方可达到涅槃果位;真正意思是依赖四种正勤之勇猛而成。
Nayidaṃ sithilamārabbhātiādikā dve gāthā hīnavīriyaṃ vedanāmakaṃ daharabhikkhuṃ ārabbha vuttā. Tattha sithilamārabbhāti sithilaṃ katvā vīriyaṃ akatvā. Appena thāmasāti appakena vīriyabalena nayidaṃ nibbānaṃ adhigantabbaṃ, mahanteneva pana catubbidhasammappadhānavīriyena pattabbanti attho.
89所谓『远离杂染』二句,开始说明自己内心清净的状态。其中提到“受大梵敬礼”,意味着受大梵天及诸天敬重,目视世间,受到拥戴与礼拜。
Vivaramanupabhantītiādikā dve gāthā attano vivekabhāvaṃ ārabbha vuttā. Tattha brahmunā abhivanditoti mahābrahmunā sadevakena lokena ca abhimukhena hutvā thomito namassito ca.
90在宝塔供养进入王舍城的五首偈中,看到长老大迦叶尊者,内心观其曰:“黑眼之人曾为我所见。”他见立于沙利夫长老的门徒中,为错误见的婆罗门弟子,因怜悯他心中生起“这婆罗门不应灭亡”,于是以圣教驳斥此人反对长老的话语,称“他敬崇长老”,因而令其兴奋。据此,当生百姓族传承时应当传之。所谓族是指族类,族类即拥有吠陀学问的婆罗门之族。此处简说为:凡是从出生至没落没有破坏的百个婆罗门族类,连续不断生起而聚集,至婆罗门智慧已走到三吠陀之彼岸,婆罗门身份圆满。因发明智慧等,尊者大迦叶对此表达敬礼,敬礼福德无量,胜于其他大福德。
Upasantaṃ uparatantiādikā pañca gāthā rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pavisantaṃ mahākassapattheraṃ disvā ‘‘kāḷakaṇṇī mayā diṭṭhā’’ti oloketvā ṭhitaṃ sāriputtattherassa bhāgineyyaṃ micchādiṭṭhibrāhmaṇaṃ disvā tassa anukampāya ‘‘ayaṃ brāhmaṇo mā nassī’’ti ariyūpavādapaṭighātatthaṃ ‘‘theraṃ vandāhī’’ti taṃ uyyojentena vuttā. Tattha jātisataṃ gaccheti jātīnaṃ sataṃ upagaccheyya. Sottiyoti sottiyajātiko. Vedasampannoti ñāṇasampanno. Etassāti therassa. Ayañhettha saṅkhepattho – yo puggalo uditoditā asambhinnā satabrāhmaṇajātiyo anupaṭipāṭiyā uppajjanavasena upagaccheyya, tattha ca brāhmaṇānaṃ vijjāsu nipphattiṃ gato tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū siyā brāhmaṇavattañca pūrento, tassetaṃ vijjādianuṭṭhānaṃ etassa mahākassapattherassa vandanāya vandanāmayapuññassa soḷasiṃ kalaṃ nāgghati, vandanāmayapuññameva tato mahantataranti.
91所谓八解脱,即从色禅及诸禅那等八种解脱。因修行而得此等色禅,凭借近因境界,得自在、喜欢、专注无染,称为“解脱”。但涅槃寂灭的止息状态,乃因近因境界的解脱而得。此处应当体悟的是禅定。所谓顺逆,即由初禅开始顺行能至新无想无愿处,由此新无想无愿处逆行能回至初禅。前行是谓初禅所做之善业续,后行则是对应逆行。由许多不同种类的禅定接续而成。既出禅定又入转移故行至乞食地。依照现行的修行法,尊者每日均依此修持。
Aṭṭhavimokkhānīti rūpajjhānādike aṭṭha vimokkhe. Bhāvanāvasena hi laddhāni rūpajjhānāni paccanīkadhammehi suṭṭhu vimuttataṃ abhirativasena ārammaṇe nirāsaṅgañca pavattiṃ upādāya ‘‘vimokkhānī’’ti vuccanti. Nirodhasamāpatti pana paccanīkadhammehi vimuttattā eva. Idha pana jhānameva veditabbaṃ. Anulomaṃpaṭilomanti paṭhamajjhānato paṭṭhāya yāva nevasaññānāsaññāyatanā anulomaṃ, nevasaññānāsaññāyatanato paṭṭhāya yāva paṭhamajjhānā paṭilomaṃ. Purebhattanti bhattakiccato pureyeva. Aphassayīti anekākāravokārā samāpattiyo samāpajji. Tato piṇḍāya gacchatīti tato samāpattito vuṭṭhāya, tato vā samāpattisamāpajjitato pacchā idāni piṇḍāya gacchatīti tadahu pavattaṃ therassa paṭipattiṃ sandhāya vadati. Thero pana divase divase tatheva paṭipajjati.
92此类比丘其月数,即从十一开始说该比丘具此德行;如是之比丘,佛陀及弟子、彻除染污的比丘,不应接近。诸婆罗门因贪着而接近,如婆罗门,勿以自身贪着,或以圣教错误见教人迷乱善法而接近此比丘。反而应生如是心:“此沙门形态殊胜”,使自心坚定。切勿因你的错误而使他人染污。如受其害,因其报复之故,众生当迅速以礼敬作护持。婆罗门闻之畏惧、战栗、毛发竖起,当即宽恕尊者。
Tādisaṃbhikkhuṃ māsādīti yādisassa guṇā ekadesena vuttā, tādisaṃ tathārūpaṃ buddhānubuddhaṃ mahākhīṇāsavaṃ bhikkhuṃ mā āsādehi. Māttānaṃ khaṇi brāhmaṇāti āsādanena ca, brāhmaṇa, mā attānaṃ khaṇi, ariyūpavādena attano kusaladhammaṃ vā ummulehi. Abhippasādehi mananti ‘‘sādhurūpo vata ayaṃ samaṇo’’ti attano cittaṃ pasādehi. Mā te vijaṭi matthakanti tava matthakaṃ tasmiṃ katena aparādhena sattadhā mā phali. Tasmā tassa paṭikāratthaṃ khippameva pañjaliko vandāti. Brāhmaṇo taṃ sutvā bhīto saṃviggo lomahaṭṭhajāto tāvadeva theraṃ khamāpesi.
93正见错乱等两首偈,训诂怠慢不正当生活的比丘。因观此受戒不善者,虽具信心,却不见百位佛所说之法、道、果、涅槃。其因何故?为轮回所导致的无明、轮回枷锁之果,因放逸堕落,通过魔之谤法行邪路,追随魔道,譬如跑走险恶道路,修习邪恶行法,不正生活,因而追随邪道不回头,生活堕落。
Neso passatītiādikā dve gāthā poṭṭhilaṃ nāma bhikkhuṃ sammā apaṭipajjantaṃ micchājīvakataṃ disvā codanāvasena vuttā. Tattha neso passati saddhammanti eso poṭṭhilo bhikkhu sataṃ buddhādīnaṃ dhammaṃ maggaphalanibbānaṃ na passati. Kasmā? Saṃsārena purakkhato saṃsārabandhanaavijjādinā purakkhato apāyesu nibbattanato adhogamaṃ heṭṭhāgāmiṃ māyāsāṭheyyānugatattā jimhapathaṃ micchāmaggabhāvato kummaggabhūtaṃ micchājīvaṃ anudhāvati anuparivattati.
94此犹如被盐覆盖、被浆糊涂抹,恶习染污聚集,附着其中而难以除净。因贪爱利益与自尊之缘,强硬粗暴,性情恶劣。因缺乏戒律、缺少训练,则变得空虚无用,陷于邪行,不能生进步,堕落放逸。
Kimīva mīḷhasallittoti gūthakimī viya mīḷhena samantato litto kilesāsucivimissite saṅkhāre adhimucchito ajjhāpanno. Pagāḷho lābhasakkāreti lābhe ca sakkāre ca taṇhāvasena pakārato gāḷho ogāḷho. Tuccho gacchati poṭṭhiloti adhisīlasikkhābhāvato tuccho asāro hutvā poṭṭhilo bhikkhu gacchati pavattati.
95此处称赞尊贵沙利夫尊者的两首偈。看到沙利夫长老,内心欢喜畅达,发言赞叹。所谓美好相,是指完成清净无垢戒聚之相,及具足弟子到彼岸智慧之相,充满美妙见解。二者皆为解脱之标志,皆由无色界的禅定、色身为根、依缘而生名法所成。此含义是他们借禅定的转变段、分解斩断阶段获得解脱。诸尘垢烦恼之断除造成清净断尽,清净结合,具足至净智慧之获得,当视为三明深入,如死王的征服者洞达此体。
Imañcapassātiādikā dve gāthā āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ pasaṃsantena vuttā. Tattha imañca passāti āyasmantaṃ sāriputtattheraṃ disvā pasannamānaso attano cittaṃ ālapati. Sudassananti asekkhānaṃ sīlakkhandhānañceva pāripūriyā sāvakapāramīñāṇassa ca pāripūriyā sundaradassanaṃ. Vimuttaṃ ubhatobhāgeti ubhatobhāgato vimuttattā ubhatobhāgavimuttaṃ ubhatobhāgeti arūpasamāpattiyā rūpakāyato, maggena nāmakāyato, yathārahaṃ tehiyeva vikkhambhanasamucchedabhāgehi vimuttanti attho. Sabbaso rāgasallādīnaṃ abhāvena visallaṃ kāmādiyogānaṃ sammadeva khīṇattā khīṇasaṃyogaṃ suparisuddhassa vijjāttayassa adhigatattā tevijjaṃ maccurājassa bhañjitattā maccuhāyinaṃ passāti yojanā.
96此多首咏歌等,是由长老舍利弗与长老大摩嘎剌那称赞而说。其中文云『被尊敬的天人与人』者,是指被人和天神极为恭敬者。由此产生死亡的征服,在世间已发生;已发生并已征服死亡后仍存立。或亦被尊为具正知的人与天,是出于圣者降生的因缘。正觉者初为人身修行业力,后来通过圣者的出生升为上等天,人中天超越天故称为“人中天”。受世尊赞扬并尊敬者,已于死亡征服者世间出世,胜过一切死亡之敌。如莲花得水不染污,在一切行蕴灭尽如渴爱观破灭中究竟不染,有时意为彼不依赖于何物。
Ete sambahulātiādikā gāthā āyasmatā sāriputtattherena mahāmoggallānattheraṃ pasaṃsantena vuttā. Tattha pūjito naradevenāti narehi ca devehi ca paramāya pūjāya pūjito. Uppanno maraṇābhibhūti loke uppanno hutvā maraṇaṃ abhibhavitvā ṭhito. Atha vā pūjito naradevena sammāsambuddhena kāraṇabhūtena ariyāya jātiyā uppanno. Sammāsambuddho hi paṭhamaṃ kammunā naro manusso hutvā pacchāpi ariyāya jātiyā uttamo devo devātidevo ahosi, tasmā ‘‘naradevo’’ti vuccati. Pūjito naradevena bhagavatā pasaṃsāvasena uppanno maraṇābhibhūte loke uppanno hutvā maraṇābhibhū maccuhāyī. Puṇḍarīkaṃva toyena udakena puṇḍarīkaṃ viya saṅkhāragate taṇhādiṭṭhilepena na upalimpati, katthacipi anissitoti attho.
97『什么』是指什么。『刹那』意指极短时间。『千』指以千为次数。『世间』即世俗世界。此处含义为——凭长老大摩嘎剌那之大神通,分秒之间确知千重世界界限,明了其过去、现在、未来。由此了知天界中与大梵天相似的诸天,及因不可思议定、神通具足,终极得脱轮回之人。『看见时间』即依相应时间,由神眼观察得知天人境界。
Yassāti yena. Muhutteti khaṇamatte kāle. Sahassadhāti sahassapakāro. Lokoti okāsaloko. Ayañhettha attho – yena mahiddhikena āyasmatā mahāmoggallānena sahassilokadhātu khaṇeneva sammadeva vidito, paccakkhato ñāto sabrahmakappo mahābrahmasadiso āvajjanādivasībhāvappattiyā iddhisampadāya cutūpapāte ca vasī. Kāle passatīti tadanurūpe kāle dibbena cakkhunā devatā passatīti.
98起首以长老大摩嘎剌那自己品德为荣的咏歌说。谓舍利弗者,此咏歌简要释义为——凭智慧具足慧力、以戒律增进品德、依止止息烦恼净除心染,彼比丘已达彼岸,超出世间终极苦,故称为舍利弗,在诸弟子中因慧等品德最为卓越。是因以智慧和戒律卓越出众,超越他人之意。无更胜者。对此长老如舍利弗以智慧尊首,吾则以禅定自许为上,故言“亿万千万”等。
Sāriputtovātiādikā gāthā āyasmatā mahāmoggallānena attano guṇe pakāsentena vuttā. Tattha sāriputtovāti gāthāya ayaṃ saṅkhepattho – paññāya paññāsampadāya, sīlena sīlasampattiyā, upasamena kilesavūpasamena, yo bhikkhu pāraṅgato pāraṃ pariyantaṃ ukkaṃsaṃ gato so sāriputto sāvakehi paññādīhi guṇehi paramukkaṃsagato. Paññāya sīlena hi paramukkaṃsagato. Etāvaparamo siyā etaparamo eva, natthi tato uttarīti. Imaṃ pana thero yathā sāriputto paññāya uttamo, tathā ahaṃ samādhinā uttamoti dīpetuṃ avoca. Tenevāha ‘‘koṭisatasahassassā’’tiādi.
99谓‘瞬间’者,意指一刻时间。以瞬间之短促,能使亿万千万之数产生生灭。对此生灭本助力非吾之所累。法力无碍者,为不仅凭思想而成的变化,而是由全般法力制御所达成。
Tattha khaṇena nimmineti khaṇeneva koṭisatasahassaattabhāvaṃ nimmineyya nimmituṃ samattho. Tassa nimminane na mayhaṃ bhāro atthi. Vikubbanāsu kusalo, vasībhūtomhi iddhiyāti na kevalaṃ manomayavikubbanāsu eva, sabbāyapi iddhiyā vasībhāvappatto amhi.
100言以止定及智慧功德遍满已久之禅定,及先世知识乃获智慧完满。其已断除渴爱根等之因缘,随佛所说功德而离染净,坚固不移,正是有决心者,摩嘎剌那氏族出身之摩嘎剌那,觉知而正定调伏根识,犹如雄象轻松折断枝条般,断除一切烦恼缠缚之意。
Samādhivijjāvasipāramīgatoti savitakkasavicārādisamādhīsu ceva pubbenivāsañāṇādivijjāsu ca vasībhāvena pāramiṃ koṭiṃ patto asi. Tassa taṇhānissayādirahitassa satthu sāsane yathāvuttehi guṇehi ukkaṃsagato. Dhitisampannatāya dhīro, moggallānagotto moggallāno, suṭṭhu ṭhapitaindriyatāya samāhitindriyo, yathā hatthināgo pūtilatābandhanaṃ sukheneva chindati, evaṃ sakalaṃ kilesabandhanaṃ samucchindi evāti.
101『怨恨地狱、饥饿地狱等』咏歌,是指隐居或出外而后退舍僧伽路,离开者长老说。『怨恨』即指恼恨之苦。『虐役』是指地狱恶鬼加恶报。『师子明智的弟子』名为师子者,是指摩揭陀国迦旃延远方佛陀前辈大弟子。『加害』意谓拘束、打击、伤害。『加害摩揭陀方婆罗门』意指加害摩揭陀正觉者佛陀的婆罗门家族人。佛陀以护卫者称为王子,应遭魔王残害,魔王用剑斩断此长老的头颅。
Kīdisonirayo āsītiādayo gāthā koṭṭhaṃ anupavisitvā nikkhamitvā ṭhitamāraṃ tajjentena therena vuttā. Tattha kīdisoti kiṃpakāro. Yattha dussīti yasmiṃ niraye ‘‘dussī’’ti evaṃnāmo māro. Apaccathāti nirayagginā apacci. Vidhuraṃ sāvakanti vidhuraṃ nāma kakusandhassa bhagavato aggasāvakaṃ. Āsajjāti ghaṭṭayitvā bādhitvā. Kakusandhañca brāhmaṇanti kakusandhañca sammāsambuddhaṃ āsajjāti attho. Bhagavantaṃ uddissa kumāraṃ āvisitvā mārena khittā sakkharā therassa sīse pati.
102曾有一个数以千万计的铁束重的地狱中,第三重地狱的众生因其自身业报而生命存在,其痛苦之烈也如同凶猛烈火一般。在此地狱中,地狱使者将那些被铁棒烧灼而发光的众生一一抓住,命令他们“就在此处站立,用心思惟你所作的恶业”。众生被像炼铁工锻打心脏般捶击,五十人对面,五十人背面轮番击打,行走如此。经过五年年复一年的折磨,众生最终倒下,又原,回到心脏处继续受苦。由此得知这便是“数以百万计的铁束重的地狱”。这全部是自己亲自感受的痛苦,属于独自体验的个人苦受。此种痛苦远甚于人间被烫伤烧烤之痛,如同染油饮水七日之痛,地狱之苦比那更加难忍。这部地狱确实存在,并曾由天神使者传说于此处。
Sataṃ āsi ayosaṅkūti tasmiṃ kira niraye upapannānaṃ tigāvuto attabhāvo hoti, dussīmārassāpi tādisova ahosi. Atha nirayapālā tālakkhandhappamāṇānaṃ ayosūlānaṃ ādittānaṃ sampajjalitānaṃ sajotibhūtānaṃ satameva gahetvā ‘‘imasmiṃva te ṭhāne ṭhitena hadayena cintetvā pāpaṃ kata’’nti sudhādoṇiyaṃ sudhaṃ koṭṭentā viya hadayamajjhaṃ koṭṭetvā paṇṇāsa janā pādābhimukhā, paṇṇāsa janā sīsābhimukhā koṭṭentā gacchanti, evaṃ gacchantā ca pañcahi vassasatehi ubho ante patvā puna nivattamānā pañcahi vassasatehi hadayamajjhaṃ upagacchanti, taṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘sataṃ āsi ayosaṅkū’’ti. Sabbe paccattavedanāti sayameva pāṭiyekkavedanājanakā. Sā kira vedanā mahānirayavedanāto dukkhatarā hoti, yathā hi sinehapānasattāhato parihārasattāhaṃ dukkhataraṃ, evaṃ mahānirayadukkhato ussade vuṭṭhānavedanā dukkhatarā. Īdiso nirayo āsīti imasmiṃ ṭhāne devadūtasuttena (a. ni. 3.36; ma. ni. 3.261) nirayo dīpetabbo.
103所谓『知此者』,即是深明广见之士,如同将果报业因明确立于掌上,转面而观知。比丘即为佛陀弟子,谓斩断烦恼之比丘,乃真正正觉者之弟子。黑暗者,指恶行过重且时节极端之苦难者;所谓魔罗,即乃痛苦出现之因果魔障。
Yo etamabhijānātīti yo mahābhiñño etaṃ kammaphalañca hatthatale ṭhapitaāmalakaṃ viya abhimukhaṃ katvā paccakkhato jānāti. Bhikkhu buddhassa sāvakoti bhinnakileso bhikkhu sammāsambuddhassa sāvako. Kaṇha, dukkhaṃ nigacchasīti ekantakāḷakehi pāpadhammehi samannāgatattā, kaṇha māra, dukkhaṃ vindissasi.
104中海喻者,大海之中,即水之本体所在,衍生诸天宫宇,相传称为『宫宇坚固者』。其色泽如同赫然玻璃,山顶燃烧之炭火团状,之间眨射光明,故庄严辉煌极致。谓之『玻璃色鲜明,光焰炽烈』。琉璃色彩多异,诸天宫中众生舞蹈其中。
Majjhesarasminti mahāsamuddassa majjhe kira udakaṃ vatthuṃ katvā nibbattavimānāni kappaṭṭhitikāni honti. Tenāha ‘‘vimānā kappaṭhāyino’’ti. Tesaṃ veḷuriyassa viya vaṇṇo hoti, pabbatamatthake jalitanaḷaggikhandho viya ca etesaṃ acciyo jotanti, tena te ativiya pabhassarā pabhāsampannā honti. Tenāha ‘‘veḷuriyavaṇṇā rucirā, accimanto pabhassarā’’ti. Puthunānattavaṇṇiyoti nīlādivasena nānattavaṇṇā bahū accharā tattha tesu vimānesu naccanti.
105所谓『知此者』,即是转观天宫诸界本质而明知者。此即为诸天宫之法义所应彰显。
Yo etamabhijānātīti yo etaṃ vimānaṃ vatthuṃ paccakkhaṃ katvā jānāti. Ayañhi attho vimānapetavatthūhi dīpetabbo.
106所谓『受佛启发』,即受正觉者的教导而觉悟、结合心意。谓对广大比丘团体观察后意会。昔时侍女维萨卡,于前园所造华丽殿宇,足趾震动之功德,地动山摇。彼时众比丘聚集于前园殿宇上,欲议佛所不念之余论。佛闻此语,触动于心,欲以自身法教化,特召长老大摩嘎剌那来谏言:「汝观乎,摩嘎剌那,众比丘造余论耶?」长老知佛意,即入禅定第四禅,起时誓愿:「盼此时彼殿附近须有水出。」遂以足趾敲击殿基,殿宇震动,显其鬼神威力。众比丘惧怖殿塌之危险,纷纷离开,集于佛前。佛审视其心,开示法义。听佛教诲之众中,有至入流者果,有一来者果,有不来者果,有阿拉汉果。由殿宇震动所发之义,自然显现。
Buddhena coditoti sammāsambuddhena codito uyyojito. Bhikkhusaṅghassa pekkhatoti mahato bhikkhusaṅghassa passantassa. Migāramātupāsādaṃ pādaṅguṭṭhena kampayīti (ma. ni. 1.513) pubbārāme visākhāya mahāupāsikāya kāritaṃ sahassagabbhapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ mahāpāsādaṃ attano pādaṅguṭṭhena kampesiṃ. Ekasmiñhi samaye pubbārāme yathāvuttapāsāde bhagavati viharante sambahulā navakatarā bhikkhū uparipāsāde nisinnā satthārampi acintetvā tiracchānakathaṃ kathetumāraddhā, taṃ sutvā bhagavā te saṃvejetvā attano dhammadesanāya bhājanabhūte kātukāmo āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānattheraṃ āmantesi – ‘‘passasi tvaṃ, moggallāna, nave bhikkhū tiracchānakathamanuyutte’’ti. Taṃ sutvā thero satthu ajjhāsayaṃ ñatvā abhiññāpādakaṃ āpokasiṇārammaṇaṃ catutthajjhānaṃ samāpajjitvā vuṭṭhāya ‘‘pāsādassa patiṭṭhitokāsaṃ udakaṃ hotū’’ti adhiṭṭhāya pāsādamatthake thūpikaṃ pādaṅguṭṭhena pahari, pāsādo onamitvā ekena passena aṭṭhāsi. Punapi pahari, aparena passena aṭṭhāsi. Te bhikkhū bhītā saṃviggā pāsādassa patanabhayena tato nikkhamitvā bhagavato samīpe aṭṭhaṃsu. Satthā tesaṃ ajjhāsayaṃ oloketvā dhammaṃ deseti. Taṃ sutvā tesu keci sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahiṃsu, keci sakadāgāmiphale, keci anāgāmiphale, keci arahattaphale patiṭṭhahiṃsu. Svāyamattho pāsādakampanasuttena dīpetabbo.
107所谓『辟支难达殿』,即辟支难达之殿,今称三十三天宫殿,数万由旬周围,千百屋宇为壁垣所围,乃天龙交战,魔王退伏之所。帝释天在城中站立,因辟支难达所造殿堂庄严,故呼曰『辟支难达(维杰扬达)』。彼时天帝来前园访佛,问其断欲灭贪之道。佛释疑答疑,天帝欢喜恭礼,绕佛三匝而去,归其天界。大摩嘎剌那思之:「天帝来访佛陀,问此深义之涅槃道路,佛以解答遣返,其是否深知而归?须我往天界探之。」遂赴三十三天宫探访萨咖,问及实情。天帝因神力散乱注意。大摩嘎剌那为令天帝专注,复以足趾使辟支难达殿震动。此震动之义,彼时如是所传。
Vejayantapāsādanti so vejayantapāsādo tāvatiṃsabhavane yojanasahassubbedho anekasahassaniyyūhakūṭāgārapaṭimaṇḍito devāsurasaṅgāme asure jinitvā sakke devānaminde nagaramajjhe ṭhite uṭṭhito vijayantena nibbattattā ‘‘vejayanto’’ti laddhanāmo pāsādo, taṃ sandhāyāha ‘‘vejayantapāsāda’’nti. Tampi hi ayaṃ thero pādaṅguṭṭhena kampesi. Ekasmiñhi samaye bhagavantaṃ pubbārāme viharantaṃ sakko devarājā upasaṅkamitvā taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiṃ pucchi. Tassa bhagavā vissajjeti. So taṃ sutvā attamano pamudito abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā attano devalokameva gato. Athāyasmā mahāmoggallāno evaṃ cintesi – ‘‘ayaṃ sakko bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā evarūpaṃ gambhīraṃ nibbānapaṭisaṃyuttaṃ pañhaṃ pucchi, bhagavatā ca pañho vissajjito, kinnu kho jānitvā gato, udāhu ajānitvā? Yaṃnūnāhaṃ devalokaṃ gantvā tamatthaṃ jāneyya’’nti. So tāvadeva tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ gantvā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ tamatthaṃ pucchi. Sakko dibbasampattiyā pamatto hutvā vikkhepaṃ akāsi. Thero tassa saṃvegajananatthaṃ vejayantapāsādaṃ pādaṅguṭṭhena kampesi. Tena vuttaṃ –
290“有一人以脚趾使宴会殿堂摇动,
‘‘Yo vejayantapāsādaṃ, pādaṅguṭṭhena kampayi;
291凭借神通力加持,众天神因此而动摇。”(《大念处经》1.513)
Iddhibalenupatthaddho, saṃvejesi ca devatā’’ti. (ma. ni. 1.513)
108这段话应以《小欲灭尽解脱经》(《大念处经》1.390起首部分)为根本加以阐释。关于“摇动形象”的用法,前文已详细说明。
Ayaṃ panattho cūḷataṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttisuttena (ma. ni. 1.390 ādayo) dīpetabbo. Kampitākāro heṭṭhā vuttoyeva.
109此处为“智者长老”对“如来灭尽欲望解脱”的教法,依佛陀所教正确定义而发问帝释天。故云:“朋友,你是否知道所谓灭尽欲望的解脱?”萨咖以惊疑的心情作答。此语即是“智者长老”询问天帝时,鉴于其内心迷惑生起,弃掉妄念,意念正确审慎,于佛陀所教教法中探求解脱之义而发问的言辞。此乃佛陀当时所讲教的正规方式。故云:“问题不隐瞒,实实在在地问。”这里的“问帝释”特指帝释天。是大迦叶长老因为师尊正教“如来灭尽欲望解脱”之教法,而对帝释天发问。过去、现在,皆为此语。言曰:“朋友,你确知否?”“朋友,你究竟知道什么?”即问明所知为何。所谓“灭尽欲望的解脱”,即正法的灭尽欲望解脱教法的教说内容。
Sakkaṃ so paripucchatīti yathāvuttameva therassa taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttipucchaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘api, āvuso, jānāsi, taṇhakkhayavimuttiyo’’ti. Tassa sakko viyākāsīti idaṃ therena pāsādakampane kate saṃviggahadayena pamādaṃ pahāya yoniso manasi karitvā pañhassa byākatabhāvaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Satthārā desitaniyāmeneva hi so tadā kathesi. Tenāha ‘‘pañhaṃ puṭṭho yathātatha’’nti. Tattha sakkaṃ so paripucchatīti sakkaṃ devarājaṃ so moggallānatthero satthārā desitāya taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiyā sammadeva gahitabhāvaṃ pucchi. Atītatthe hi idaṃ vattamānavacanaṃ. Api, āvuso, jānāsīti, āvuso, api jānāsi, kiṃ jānāsi? Taṇhakkhayavimuttiyoti yathā taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiyo satthārā tuyhaṃ desitā, tathā kiṃ jānāsīti pucchi. Taṇhakkhayavimuttiyoti vā taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttisuttassa desanaṃ pucchati.
110所谓“大梵”即伟大的梵天众神。于正法的法会中与诸众共聚,故曰“正法会”。此处所谓的“梵天界正法会”,非指忉利天宫中的会场,而是指没有正法会的诸天所无法及的天界。如今,朋友,你先前所见的理解,是不存在任何沙门或婆罗门能够进入此梵天界的;依你的所见,于佛陀出世成道之前即已如此。那么依此理解,今时今日该见解为何未曾消除?你可见梵天界中光明广大,通达无碍,拥有无垢净光,环绕着大迦腻色伐、摩诃迦叶等弟子而坐,从佛陀处接受光明庄严的加持。这是其义。一时,世尊与梵天界正法议会会集,正坐时。梵天心念思惟:“岂有沙门或婆罗门,能得此大神通、能来此处?”遂飞到梵天地头,坐于空中,现出光明,思惟大摩嘎剌那等大师来此事。之后,其亦到世尊所处,顶礼而坐,认识佛意,现光明,在各方诸漏尽林中静坐,光明消散,全梵天界光明为一。世尊察知梵天起邪念,便宣扬四圣谛法门。教诲结束后,众多千万梵众在道果中立定。为引导此等,佛言“今时,朋友,此见解犹存。”此段出自《百鸟梵经》。经典中说(《增支部》1.176)——
Brahmānanti mahābrahmānaṃ. Sudhammāyaṃ ṭhito sabhanti sudhammāya sabhāya. Ayaṃ pana brahmaloke sudhammasabhāva, na tāvatiṃsabhavane, sudhammasabhāvirahito devaloko nāma natthi. Ajjāpi tyāvuso, sā diṭṭhi, yā te diṭṭhi pure ahūti imaṃ brahmalokaṃ upagantuṃ samattho natthi koci samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā, satthu idhāgamanato pubbe yā tuyhaṃ diṭṭhi ahosi, kiṃ ajjāpi idānipi sā diṭṭhi na vigatāti? Passasi vītivattantaṃ, brahmaloke pabhassaranti brahmaloke vītipatantaṃ mahākappinamahākassapādīhi sāvakehi parivāritassa tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā nisinnassa sasāvakassa bhagavato obhāsaṃ passasīti attho. Ekasmiñhi samaye bhagavā brahmaloke sudhammāya sabhāya sannipatitvā sannisinnassa – ‘‘atthi nu kho koci samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā evaṃmahiddhiko, yo idha āgantuṃ sakkuṇeyyā’’ti cintentassa brahmuno cittamaññāya tattha gantvā brahmuno matthake ākāse nisinno tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā obhāsaṃ muñcanto mahāmoggallānādīnaṃ āgamanaṃ cintesi. Saha cintanena tepi tattha gantvā satthāraṃ vanditvā satthu ajjhāsayaṃ ñatvā tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā paccekadisāsu nisīditvā obhāsaṃ vissajjitvā sakalabrahmaloko ekobhāso ahosi. Satthā brahmuno kallacittataṃ ñatvā catusaccapakāsanaṃ dhammaṃ desesi. Desanāpariyosāne anekāni brahmasahassāni maggaphalesu patiṭṭhahiṃsu, taṃ sandhāya codento ‘‘ajjāpi tyāvuso, sā diṭṭhī’’ti gāthamāha. Ayaṃ panattho bakabrahmasuttena dīpetabbo. Vuttañhetaṃ (saṃ. ni. 1.176) –
111“一时,世尊住于萨伐底迦国,祇园寺院给孤独长者所建。彼时,有一梵天生起恶见——‘此处无沙门婆罗门能来?’于是世尊以心智周旋此念,似乎有人力可将手臂放下或屈伸,亦如是从祇园寺院的秘密处来到梵天界。随即,世尊坐于卧具之上,现神光耀,使光示现。”
‘‘Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa brahmuno evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti – ‘natthi so samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā, yo idha āgaccheyyā’ti. Atha kho bhagavā tassa brahmuno cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva jetavane antarahito tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Atha kho bhagavā tassa brahmuno upari vehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā.
112于是,尊者大马哈摩嘎剌那想到:『世尊现在究竟住在哪里呢?』他见世尊以清净神眼超越人间,坐在那梵天的高座软榻上,具足光明法相。见此,恰如力士若伸展收回两臂,世尊在揭伽园隐蔽无碍,在那梵世中显现。于是,尊者大马哈摩嘎剌那背向前方,依止那梵天的高座软榻而坐,入于光明法相,低于世尊。
‘‘Atha kho āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa etadahosi – ‘kahaṃ nu kho bhagavā etarahi viharatī’ti? Addasā kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno bhagavantaṃ dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena tassa brahmuno uparivehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisinnaṃ tejodhātuṃ samāpannaṃ. Disvāna seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva jetavane antarahito tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno puratthimaṃ disaṃ nissāya tassa brahmuno uparivehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā nīcataraṃ bhagavato.
113于是,尊者大迦叶想到:『世尊现在究竟住在哪里呢?』他见世尊以清净神眼超越人间,坐在那梵天的高座软榻上,具足光明法相。见此,恰如力士若伸展收回两臂,世尊在揭伽园隐蔽无碍,在那梵世中显现。于是,尊者大迦叶背向南方,依止那梵天的高座软榻而坐,入于光明法相,低于世尊。
‘‘Atha kho āyasmato mahākassapassa etadahosi – ‘kahaṃ nu kho bhagavā etarahi viharatī’ti? Addasā kho āyasmā mahākassapo bhagavantaṃ dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena tassa brahmuno uparivehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisinnaṃ tejodhātuṃ samāpannaṃ. Disvāna seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso…pe… evameva jetavane antarahito tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Atha kho āyasmā mahākassapo dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ nissāya tassa brahmuno uparivehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā nīcataraṃ bhagavato.
114于是,尊者大咖毕那想到:『世尊现在究竟住在哪里呢?』他见世尊以清净神眼超越人间,坐在那梵天的高座软榻上,具足光明法相。见此,恰如力士若伸展收回两臂,世尊在揭伽园隐蔽无碍,在那梵世中显现。于是,尊者大咖毕那背向西方,依止那梵天的高座软榻而坐,入于光明法相,低于世尊。
‘‘Atha kho āyasmato mahākappinassa etadahosi – ‘kahaṃ nu kho bhagavā etarahi viharatī’ti? Addasā kho āyasmā mahākappino bhagavantaṃ dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena tassa brahmuno uparivehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisinnaṃ tejodhātuṃ samāpannaṃ. Disvāna seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso…pe… evameva jetavane antarahito tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi. Atha kho āyasmā mahākappino pacchimaṃ disaṃ nissāya tassa brahmuno. Uparivehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā nīcataraṃ bhagavato.
115于是,尊者阿努儒达想到:『世尊现在究竟住在哪里呢?』他见世尊以清净神眼超越人间,坐在那梵天的高座软榻上,具足光明法相。见此,恰如力士伸展收回两臂,世尊在揭伽园隐蔽无碍,在那梵世中显现。于是,尊者阿努儒达背向北方,依止那梵天的高座软榻而坐,入于光明法相,低于世尊。随后尊者大马哈摩嘎剌那以偈语称颂那梵天:
‘‘Atha kho āyasmato anuruddhassa etadahosi – ‘kahaṃ nu kho bhagavā etarahi viharatī’ti? Addasā kho āyasmā anuruddho bhagavantaṃ dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena tassa brahmuno uparivehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisinnaṃ tejodhātuṃ samāpannaṃ. Disvāna seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso…pe… evameva jetavane antarahito tasmiṃ brahmaloke pāturahosi . Atha kho āyasmā anuruddho uttaraṃ disaṃ nissāya tassa brahmuno uparivehāsaṃ pallaṅkena nisīdi tejodhātuṃ samāpajjitvā nīcataraṃ bhagavato. Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno taṃ brahmānaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
300今时,汝朋友,此观念仍存,汝以往所见:
‘‘Ajjāpi te āvuso sā diṭṭhi, yā te diṭṭhi pure ahu;
301汝见其光遍满,显现于梵天之境。
Passasi vītivattantaṃ, brahmaloke pabhassaranti.
302‘非我所有者,魔子,此为我昔日所持之见;
‘‘Na me mārisa sā diṭṭhi, yā me diṭṭhi pure ahu;
303我观今证实真理,见于梵天界光明常现;
Passāmi vītivattantaṃ, brahmaloke pabhassaraṃ;
304今日自问何为正道?我今常住永无终尽。’
Svāhaṃ ajja kathaṃ vajjaṃ, ahaṃ niccomhi sassato’’ti.
116尔时世尊感动于梵天,譬如力大士勇壮无畏……如是,于彼梵天界隐密处耆阇崛山中安住。复有一梵天,召请诸梵众,谓曰:‘来吧,魔子,尔当如是闻,尊者大摩嘎剌那将至,尔当亲近而问尊者大摩嘎剌那:“魔子问曰:‘彼尊者摩嘎剌那及彼世尊诸比丘弟子,果得大威神大神通,真实如是乎?如大者,果舍利弗、迦叶、安努鲁陀等亦得此乎?”’”“然,魔子。”即是那梵众依然从命,于彼,尊者大摩嘎剌那来至,尔等亲近尊者大摩嘎剌那,如是问之:“魔子问曰:‘尊者摩嘎剌那及彼世尊诸比丘弟子,果得大威神大神通真实如是乎?诸如舍利弗、迦叶、安努鲁陀等,亦如是乎?’”尊者大摩嘎剌那答彼梵众,作此偈言:
‘‘Atha kho bhagavā taṃ brahmānaṃ saṃvejetvā seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso…pe… evameva tasmiṃ brahmaloke antarahito jetavane pāturahosi. Atha kho so brahmā aññataraṃ brahmapārisajjaṃ āmantesi – ‘ehi tvaṃ, mārisa, yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkama, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ evaṃ vadehi ‘atthi nu kho mārisa moggallāna, aññepi tassa bhagavato sāvakā evaṃmahiddhikā evaṃmahānubhāvā seyyathāpi bhavaṃ moggallāno, kassapo, kappino, anuruddho’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, mārisā’’ti kho so brahmapārisajjo tassa brahmuno paṭissutvā yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi nu kho, mārisa moggallāna, aññepi tassa bhagavato sāvakā evaṃmahiddhikā evaṃmahānubhāvā seyyathāpi bhavaṃ moggallāno, kassapo, kappino, anuruddho’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno taṃ brahmapārisajjaṃ gāthāya ajjhabhāsi –
306“三明力及神通现,心意深解明了达;
‘‘Tevijjā iddhipattā ca, cetopariyāyakovidā;
307已断烦恼成阿拉汉,多为佛所钦赞弟子。”
Khīṇāsavā arahanto, bahū buddhassa sāvakā’’ti.
117于是,那婆罗门聚会热忱地赞叹长老大摩嘎剌那所说的话,并表示赞同;随后他前往那婆罗门处,对其说道——尊者,大魔王大摩嘎剌那如此说道——
‘‘Atha kho so brahmapārisajjo āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā yena so brahmā tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā taṃ brahmānaṃ etadavoca – āyasmā, mārisa mahāmoggallāno evamāha –
309『具三明通与通达心念遍察的能力,
‘‘Tevijjā iddhipattā ca, cetopariyāyakovidā;
310清净染污已断的阿拉汉,多为佛陀的弟子』。
Khīṇāsavā arahanto, bahū buddhassa sāvakā’’ti.
118于是那婆罗门聚会发言,如法尊敬此婆罗门的教诲,因而称赞其言辞。
‘‘Idamavoca so brahmapārisajjo. Attamano ca so brahmā tassa brahmapārisajjassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandī’’ti.
119据此而说:『此经历须被巴卡婆罗门经所宣扬。』
Idaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ ‘‘ayaṃ panattho bakabrahmasuttena dīpetabbo’’ti.
120大海名曰大涅槃,岬角即为海角。整个山脉被称作山巅之王。凭解脱意趣,名为触,意指依禅定解脱而生必然现察;凭神通能力,名为感知,意指相依知见之决定。称为丛林即指朱庇陆洲。因丛林多所生长,故称为“丛林”。所以名为“朱庇洲主人”。此前所谓“古地”即是古地之所在,“古地”一词即此意。那里生活的人名为“土著人”,这些土著人即为原村人及北拘留善人。他们因居住村舍而称为“土著人”。三者皆与触及诺含其义相通。此经历应当由喜乐、不悦及调伏诸法所光明照耀,应当宣扬——
Mahāneruno kūṭanti kūṭasīsena sakalameva sinerupabbatarājaṃ vadati. Vimokkhena aphassayīti jhānavimokkhanissayena abhiññāṇena phassayīti adhippāyo. Vananti jambudīpaṃ. So hi vanabahulatāya ‘‘vana’’nti vutto. Tenāha ‘‘jambusaṇḍassa issaro’’ti. Pubbavidehānanti pubbavidehaṭṭhānaṃ, pubbavidehanti attho. Ye ca bhūmisayā narāti bhūmisayā narā nāma aparagoyānakā ca uttarakurukā ca manussā. Te hi gehābhāvato ‘‘bhūmisayā’’ti vuttā. Tepi sabbe aphassayīti sambandho. Ayaṃ panattho nandopanandadamanena (visuddhi. 2.396 nandopanandanāgadamanakathā) dīpetabbo –
121一时,给孤独长者是富有地主,闻听世尊的法说后,邀请世尊说:“尊者,请与我家中五百比丘共住,我乐意奉请。”世尊应邀而去。正当此时,南都那[名]那个天子王巡视十万世界,名曰难达波难多,来到智慧面前献上礼物。世尊知道这位天子王献礼,心生疑问:“这将成为何事呢?”于是哀叹因缘,示现出依靠皈依的境界,说:“此人为三宝持邪见,心生不悦,谁能解除此邪见?”同时看见长老大马哈摩嘎剌那。
‘‘Ekasmiṃ kira samaye anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati bhagavato dhammadesanaṃ sutvā ‘sve, bhante, pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ mayhaṃ gehe bhikkhaṃ gaṇhathā’ti nimantetvā pakkāmi. Taṃdivasañca bhagavato paccūsasamaye dasasahassilokadhātuṃ olokentassa nandopanando nāma nāgarājā ñāṇamukhe āpāthaṃ āgacchi. Bhagavā ‘ayaṃ nāgarājā mayhaṃ ñāṇamukhe āpāthaṃ āgacchati, kiṃ nu kho bhavissatī’ti āvajjento saraṇagamanassa upanissayaṃ disvā ‘ayaṃ micchādiṭṭhiko tīsu ratanesu appasanno, ko nu kho imaṃ micchādiṭṭhito vimoceyyā’ti āvajjento mahāmoggallānattheraṃ addasa.
122晨夜之间完成身体净观后,世尊召唤尊者阿难而言:“阿难,告知那五百比丘,世尊即将前往天界游行。”当时,天子王难达波难多准备拜访之地,他坐卧在天界宝座,天幕遮蔽,受三类乐器飨宴,及天龙众护卫围绕,观视着供养饮食。世尊见天子如此安排,即化身五百比丘形象,安立于忉利天宫,为天众护卫梵天众所侍奉。
‘‘Tato pabhātāya rattiyā sarīrapaṭijagganaṃ katvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ āmantesi – ‘ānanda, pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ ārocehi tathāgato devacārikaṃ gacchatī’ti. Taṃdivasañca nandopanandassa āpānabhūmiṃ sajjayiṃsu. So dibbaratanapallaṅke dibbena setacchattena dhāriyamāno tividhanāṭakehi ceva nāgaparisāya ca parivuto dibbabhājanesu upaṭṭhāpitaṃ annapānavidhiṃ olokayamāno nisinno hoti. Atha kho bhagavā yathā nāgarājā passati, tathā katvā tassa vimānamatthakeneva pañcahi bhikkhusatehi saddhiṃ tāvatiṃsadevalokābhimukho pāyāsi.
123此时,天子王难达波难多生起此恶见:‘这些皆是剃度出家的比丘,是我们上方的随行天众,既往进出天宫,都未曾见他们踏出过我们这方领域的树木。如今我要站出来击打他们,使他们无法进入此地。’遂起身前往蟒蛇山,摧毁自我体相,以七十亿财宝为赏,制作遮阳之幔,将忉利天宫的入口用幔帘遮蔽后,隐没光明,不使比丘进出地显现。
‘‘Tena kho pana samayena nandopanandassa nāgarājassa evarūpaṃ pāpakaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti – ‘ime hi nāma muṇḍakā samaṇakā amhākaṃ uparibhavanena devānaṃ tāvatiṃsānaṃ bhavanaṃ pavisantipi nikkhamantipi, na idāni ito paṭṭhāya imesaṃ amhākaṃ matthake pādapaṃsuṃ okirantānaṃ gantuṃ dassāmī’ti uṭṭhāya sinerupādaṃ gantvā taṃ attabhāvaṃ vijahitvā sineruṃ sattakkhattuṃ bhogehi parikkhipitvā upari phaṇaṃ katvā tāvatiṃsabhavanaṃ avakujjena phaṇena paṭiggahetvā adassanaṃ gamesi.
124此时,长者国王罗刹波罗向世尊说道:“尊者,昔日于此地见见到蟒蛇,见见到蟒蛇的属物,见见忉利天宫,见见王者韦贾揵剌,且见其宫殿之上有旌旗。尊者,请问是什么原因?为何现在却见不到蟒蛇…亦见不到韦贾揵剌宫殿上之旌旗?”世尊答:“国王罗刹波罗,天子王难达波难多因忿怒,聚集七十亿财宝,将蟒蛇藏罩,用幔帘遮掩,使其陷入黑暗幽暗而闭舍。”国王说:“我愿降服他,尊者。”世尊不允。此时尊者长老吠舍及尊者拉胡喇一同起立,众比丘皆站立。世尊未允。
‘‘Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘pubbe, bhante, imasmiṃ padese ṭhito sineruṃ passāmi, sineruparibhaṇḍaṃ passāmi, tāvatiṃsaṃ passāmi, vejayantaṃ passāmi, vejayantassa pāsādassa upari dhajaṃ passāmi. Ko nu kho, bhante, hetu ko paccayo, yaṃ etarahi neva sineruṃ passāmi…pe… na vejayantassa pāsādassa upari dhajaṃ passāmī’ti? Ayaṃ, raṭṭhapāla, nandopanando nāma nāgarājā tumhākaṃ kupito sineruṃ sattakkhattuṃ bhogehi parikkhipitvā upari phaṇena paṭicchādetvā andhakāraṃ katvā ṭhitoti. ‘Damemi naṃ, bhante’ti. Na bhagavā naṃ anujāni. Atha kho āyasmā bhaddiyo āyasmā rāhuloti anukkamena sabbepi bhikkhū uṭṭhahiṃsu. Na bhagavā anujāni.
125最后,长老大马哈摩嘎剌那说:“尊者,我愿意降服。”世尊答:“你可去降服,马哈摩嘎剌那。”乃摧毁自我体相,化现巨大蛇形,自称为天子王难达波难多聚集的七十亿财宝,将自身之幔置于螺旋蛇头上,与蟒蛇共相压迫。蟒蛇生烟。长老言:“非止汝身带烟,我体亦有。”蟒蛇烟不伤长老,长老烟则伤蟒蛇。蟒蛇遂燃烧。长老言:“非止汝身带火,我体亦有。”蟒蛇火焰不伤长老,长老火焰却伤蟒蛇。蟒蛇自思:“此人因我压迫,生出烟火。”遂问长老:“汝为谁?”长老答:“我即难达波难多马哈摩嘎剌那。尊者,我以比丘身分在此立守。”
‘‘Avasāne mahāmoggallānatthero ‘ahaṃ, bhante, damemi na’nti āha. ‘Damehi, moggallānā’ti bhagavā anujāni. Thero attabhāvaṃ vijahitvā mahantaṃ nāgarājavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā nandopanandaṃ cuddasakkhattuṃ bhogehi parikkhipitvā tassa phaṇassa matthake attano phaṇaṃ ṭhapetvā sinerunā saddhiṃ abhinippīḷesi. Nāgarājā dhūmāyi. Thero ‘na tuyhaṃyeva sarīre dhūmo atthi, mayhampi atthī’ti dhūmāyi. Nāgarājassa dhūmo theraṃ na bādhati. Therassa pana dhūmo nāgarājaṃ bādhati. Tato nāgarājā pajjali. Theropi ‘na tuyhaṃyeva sarīre aggi atthi, mayhampi atthī’ti pajjali. Nāgarājassa tejo theraṃ na bādhati, therassa pana tejo nāgarājaṃ bādhati. Nāgarājā ‘ayaṃ maṃ sinerunā abhinippīḷetvā dhūmāyati ceva pajjalati cā’ti cintetvā, ‘bho, tuvaṃ kosī’ti paṭipucchi. Ahaṃ kho, nanda, moggallānoti. Bhante, attano bhikkhubhāvena tiṭṭhāhī’’ti.
126长老摧毁自身体相,昼夜交替进退耳道,右耳入,左耳出;左耳入,右耳出;鼻端也是这样;长老且开口,缓步前行,左顾右盼。世尊告诫:“马哈摩嘎剌那,应当心念强大的蟒蛇。”长老答:“尊者,我已修习四力之根,精勤广行,积习纯熟,受持不失。愿难达波难多及其诸蛇族,百千万亿皆为我降伏。”
‘‘Thero taṃ attabhāvaṃ vijahitvā tassa dakkhiṇakaṇṇasotena pavisitvā vāmakaṇṇasotena nikkhami, vāmakaṇṇasotena pavisitvā dakkhiṇakaṇṇasotena nikkhami. Tathā dakkhiṇanāsasotena pavisitvā vāmanāsasotena nikkhami, vāmanāsasotena pavisitvā dakkhiṇanāsasotena nikkhami. Tato nāgarājā mukhaṃ vivari. Thero mukhena pavisitvā antokucchiyaṃ pācīnena ca pacchimena ca caṅkamati. Bhagavā ‘moggallāna, manasi karohi mahiddhiko nāgo’ti āha. Thero ‘mayhaṃ kho, bhante, cattāro iddhipādā bhāvitā bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā, tiṭṭhatu, bhante, nandopanando, ahaṃ nandopanandasadisānaṃ nāgarājānaṃ satampi sahassampi satasahassampi dameyya’nti āha.
127龙王思惟:『进入境内时我未曾见之,现在其出门时若投掷石块将要鸣响显现』。思惟如此,便告诫说:『长老,请出门吧,勿使我忧愁,勿妨碍我辗转徘徊』。长老出门,站在外边。龙王见此,鼻息渐消。长老达到第四禅定,连鸡皮疙瘩般的风都无法驱动。『其余比丘们据说都始于此地,能作出各种神通妙用,此处若置身此地,倘若仓促而至,恐怕难以进入禅定』,对此世尊谆谆教诲龙王等众。
‘‘Nāgarājā cintesi – ‘pavisanto tāva me na diṭṭho, nikkhamanakāle dāni naṃ dāṭhāntare pakkhipitvā saṅkhādissāmī’ti cintetvā ‘nikkhamatha, bhante, mā maṃ antokucchiyaṃ aparāparaṃ caṅkamanto bādhayitthā’ti āha. Thero nikkhamitvā bahi aṭṭhāsi. Nāgarājā ‘ayaṃ so’ti disvā nāsavātaṃ vissajji. Thero catutthajjhānaṃ samāpajji, lomakūpampissa vāto cāletuṃ nāsakkhi. ‘Avasesā bhikkhū kira ādito paṭṭhāya sabbapāṭihāriyāni kātuṃ sakkuṇeyyuṃ, imaṃ pana ṭhānaṃ patvā evaṃ khippanisantino hutvā samāpajjituṃ nāsakkhissantī’ti nesaṃ bhagavā nāgarājadamanaṃ nānujāni.
128龙王心念:『我不能以鼻息震动如鸡皮疙瘩之风,这比丘极具大神力』。长老断绝自身神通,变化成金翅鸟形,示现金翅风,随从龙王。龙王断绝自身神通,变化成人形,称尊『长老,我愿归依您』,并在长老脚下敬礼。长老说:『去吧,难达已到,来吧,一同前往』。驯服龙王后,长老退出现地,携带佛陀前往。龙王礼敬佛陀,说:『尊者,我归依于您』。佛告龙王:『愿你安乐』,于是佛陀被比丘众护卫,前往给孤独长者住处。
‘‘Nāgarājā ‘ahaṃ imassa samaṇassa nāsavātena lomakūpampi cāletuṃ nāsakkhiṃ, mahiddhiko so samaṇo’ti cintesi. Thero attabhāvaṃ vijahitvā supaṇṇarūpaṃ nimminitvā supaṇṇavātaṃ dassento nāgarājānaṃ anubandhi, nāgarājā taṃ attabhāvaṃ vijahitvā māṇavakavaṇṇaṃ abhinimminitvā, ‘bhante, tumhākaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmī’ti vadanto therassa pāde vandi. Thero ‘satthā, nando āgato, ehi tvaṃ, gamissāmā’ti nāgarājānaṃ dametvā nibbisaṃ katvā, gahetvā bhagavato santikaṃ agamāsi. Nāgarājā bhagavantaṃ vanditvā ‘bhante, tumhākaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmī’ti āha. Bhagavā ‘sukhī hohi, nāgarājā’ti vatvā bhikkhusaṅghaparivuto anāthapiṇḍikassa nivesanaṃ agamāsi.
129给孤独长者问佛陀:『尊者,近日何事而来?』佛答:『是摩诃迦罗与难达之间的战斗。』长者问:『谁胜谁败?』答曰:『摩诃迦罗胜,难达败』。给孤独长者说:『请在我处住七天,尊者,我将单独供养您七天,并为长老尽大恭敬』。曾言:『应以驯服难达之法而彰显』。
‘‘Anāthapiṇḍiko ‘kiṃ, bhante, atidivā āgatatthā’ti āha. Moggallānassa ca nandopanandassa ca saṅgāmo ahosīti. Kassa pana, bhante, jayo, kassa parājayoti? Moggallānassa jayo, nandassa parājayoti. Anāthapiṇḍiko ‘adhivāsetu me, bhante, bhagavā sattāhaṃ ekapaṭipāṭiyā bhattaṃ, sattāhaṃ therassa sakkāraṃ karissāmī’ti vatvā sattāhaṃ buddhappamukhānaṃ pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ mahāsakkāraṃ akāsi. Tena vuttaṃ – ‘nandopanandadamanena dīpetabbo’’’ti.
130凡能了解此事者,即以此正言之见,深入体证于解脱成就。
Yo etamabhijānātīti etaṃ yathāvuttaṃ vimokkhaṃ phusanakaraṇavasena jānāti.
131火焰不会思惟说“我烧愚人”,火焰不怀此念,也不施用其燃烧力量。愚人却自谓“此为缓行焰火”,仿若烈焰燃烧自身。魔也是这样,非因欲烧毁我、欲扰乱我,反是由于你的来临等缘故,魔将如燃烧之火焰般烧害此如来及其圣弟子,你必将为此自焚不放,承受燃烧之苦。
Na ve aggi cetayati, ahaṃ bālaṃ ḍahāmīti evaṃ na aggi abhisaṃceteti, nāpi ḍahanāya payogaṃ parakkamaṃ karoti, bālo eva pana ‘‘ayaṃ mandāgatī’’ti anijalantaṃ viya jalitaṃ aggiṃ āsajja naṃ paḍayhati, evameva, māra, na mayaṃ ḍahitukāmā, bādhetukāmā, tvaññeva pana tathā āgamanādiatthena tathāgataṃ aggikhandhasadisaṃ ariyasāvakaṃ āsajja attānaṃ ḍahissasi, ḍahadukkhato na muñcissasi.
132恶业称为恶,故必获恶果。我的恶业未被消灭,魔啊,你岂能认为此事真是如此?
Apuññaṃ pasavīti apuññaṃ paṭilabhati. Na me pāpaṃ vipaccatīti mama pāpaṃ na vipaccati, kiṃ nu, māra, evaṃ maññasi nayidamatthi.
133你所作之事乃生恶业,恶业因一念而生。恶业若由他人所作,其恶亦久远长久,不具益处,令人受苦。魔王心中厌恶觉者,厌烦四谛智者,亦嫌彼众累生累死之业。‘我必反抗比丘’此念生起。
Karoto te cīyate pāpanti ekaṃsena karontassa te pāpaṃ cirarattāya cirakālaṃ anatthāya dukkhāya upacīyati. Māra, nibbinda buddhamhāti catusaccabuddhato buddhasāvakato nibbinda nibbijja parato kammaṃ. Āsaṃ mākāsi bhikkhusūti ‘‘bhikkhū virodhemi vihesemī’’ti etaṃ āsaṃ mākāsi.
134正如是,长老摩诃摩嘎剌那称‘因不忍魔故,断绝魔王’。彼处有名为畏沙迦罗山的林野,是斩断魔念之地。魔为忧恼仙鬼,心怀愤怨,于当时隐迹,不显现于大众。此偈文乃法集会时立。文中间所述之意未详,故以下述之。
Itīti evaṃ. Māraṃ atajjesīti, ‘‘māra, nibbinda…pe… bhikkhusū’’ti āyasmā mahāmoggallāno. Bhesakaḷāvaneti evaṃnāmake araññe. Tatoti tajjanahetu. So dummano yakkhoti so māro domanassiko hutvā tattheva tasmiṃyeva ṭhāne antaradhāyi, adassanaṃ agamāsi. Ayañca gāthā dhammasaṅgāyanakāle ṭhapitā. Yaṃ panettha antarantarā atthato na vibhattaṃ, taṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayattā uttānameva.
135此大长老断魔之后,亦如天人界、饿鬼界诸众生般生活,行非凡度众生事,终寿命时证般涅槃。般涅槃时于无上正自觉者阿难足前发愿,舍此地而去,行于诸处,布施福德。虽在众弟子波罗蜜处安住,期间却以相续之业,因贼盗绑缚而受苦不净之身,继而证般涅槃。此事于阿巴丹录(长老传记)有记载。
Evamayaṃ mahāthero māraṃ tajjetvā devacārikānarakacārikādivasena aññehi sāvakehi asādhāraṇaṃ sattūpakāraṃ katvā āyupariyosāne parinibbāyi. Parinibbāyanto ca anomadassissa bhagavato pādamūle paṇidhānaṃ katvā tato paṭṭhāya tattha tattha bhave uḷārāni puññāni katvā sāvakapāramiyā matthake ṭhitopi antarā katassa pāpakammassa vasena uṭṭhitāya kammapilotikāya titthiyehi uyyojitehi corehi bādhito anappakaṃ sarīrakhedaṃ katvā parinibbāyi. Tena vuttaṃ apadāne (apa. thera 1.1.375, 380-397) –
329『无上者无畏尊世尊,众生之首勇猛如犊牛,』
‘‘Anomadassī bhagavā, lokajeṭṭho narāsabho;
330『于喜玛拉雅山不断住,乃诸天众之上首,』
Vihāsi himavantamhi, devasaṅghapurakkhato.
331『世尊离此乘楼降,周游于世行圣业,』
‘‘Bhagavā tato otaritvā, vicari cārikaṃ jino;
332跟随七人组成的团体,来到巴拉那西。
Sattakāyaṃ anuggaṇhanto, bārāṇasiṃ upāgami.
333『具足断除烦恼者万众,乃世间的导主;
‘‘Khīṇāsavasahassehi, parivuto lokanāyako;
334光照诸方,伟大的圣者光明普照。』
Obhāsento disā sabbā, virocittha mahāmuni.
335『当时我作为家主,凭大信力,
‘‘Tadāhaṃ gahapati hutvā, saradena mahiddhinā;
336被一随侍者带领,前往师长所在。』
Uyyojito sahāyena, satthāraṃ upasaṅkamiṃ.
337『前往至正觉者处,迎接如来;』
‘‘Upasaṅkamitvāna sambuddhaṃ, nimantetvā tathāgataṃ;
338他自承担当修习之业,尊敬伟大的圣者。
Attano bhavanaṃ nesi, mānayanto mahāmuniṃ.
339『我恭敬这伟大的英雄,诸天之王,人中尊长;
‘‘Upaṭṭhitaṃ mahāvīraṃ, devadevaṃ narāsabhaṃ;
340向比丘僧团献上供养,曾供给食饮以养护彼时。』
Sabhikkhusaṅghaṃ tappemi, annapānenahaṃ tadā.
341『伟大的英雄——自觉者,首领之人——默然赞同此事;
‘‘Anumodi mahāvīro, sayambhū aggapuggalo;
342坐于比丘僧团中,宣说此偈言:
Bhikkhusaṅghe nisīditvā, imā gāthā abhāsatha.
343『他敬奉的正是比丘僧团,及佛陀这天下导主;
‘‘Yaṃ so saṅghamapūjesi, buddhañca lokanāyakaṃ;
344因心意的欢喜,他将往生天界。
Tena cittappasādena, devalokaṃ gamissati.
345“其将治理七百三十三天的天界;
‘‘Sattasattatikkhattuñca, devarajjaṃ karissati;
346其统治八百地的国土,将居住于大地上。
Pathabyā rajjaṃ aṭṭhasataṃ, vasudhaṃ āvasissati.
347“将成为五十五百年的轮转世界的统治者;
‘‘Pañcapaññāsakkhattuñca, cakkavattī bhavissati;
348他的享受无限无量,将在那时生起。
Bhogā asaṅkhiyā tassa, uppajjissanti tāvade.
349“此后无量无边的时劫中,将出世于乌鸦族中;
‘‘Aparimeyye ito kappe, okkākakulasambhavo;
350名为乔达摩的,未来将成世间教师。
Gotamo nāma gottena, satthā loke bhavissati.
351他离开地狱,进入人道;
‘‘Nirayā so cavitvāna, manussattaṃ gamissati;
352名为拘利陀,将成为梵族亲属。
Kolito nāma nāmena, brahmabandhu bhavissati.
353彼者后来出家,以善根所感召,
‘‘So pacchā pabbajitvāna, kusalamūlena codito;
354将成为世尊乔达摩之后,第二位弟子。
Gotamassa bhagavato, dutiyo hessati sāvako.
355勤奋精进,专心努力,已达种种神通波罗蜜。
‘‘Āraddhavīriyo pahitatto, iddhiyā pāramiṃ gato;
356断尽一切烦恼,灭尽烦恼之根。
Sabbāsave pariññāya, nibbāyissatināsavo.
357由于结交恶友,前离欲爱之境;
‘‘Pāpamittopanissāya, kāmarāgavasaṃ gato;
358心恶意重,甚至害父母;
Mātaraṃ pitarañcāpi, ghātayiṃ duṭṭhamānaso.
359无论投生于何处,地狱或人间,
‘‘Yaṃ yaṃ yonupapajjāmi, nirayaṃ atha mānusaṃ;
360皆因恶业累积,我已断头死者;
Pāpakammasamaṅgitā, bhinnasīso marāmahaṃ.
361此乃我所经历之后世,生死轮回终结之期。
‘‘Idaṃ pacchimakaṃ mayhaṃ, carimo vattate bhavo;
362在此,我必死时还会存在另一种。
Idhāpi ediso mayhaṃ, maraṇakāle bhavissati.
363『依于隔绝分别,善于修习定的境界;
‘‘Pavivekamanuyutto, samādhibhāvanārato;
364断尽一切烦恼,我安住于无染心行。』
Sabbāsave pariññāya, viharāmi anāsavo.
365『我能承受坚固且深远的土地,遇阻碍亦不会动摇;
‘‘Dharaṇimpi sugambhīraṃ, bahalaṃ duppadhaṃsiyaṃ;
366用左拇指轻触瓮口,我已达成神通究竟。』
Vāmaṅguṭṭhena khobheyyaṃ, iddhiyā pāramiṃ gato.
367『我于此身不再见有自我,妄自尊大之心不复存在。』
‘‘Asmimānaṃ na passāmi, māno mayhaṃ na vijjati;
368我承受沙玛内拉,心志庄重。
Sāmaṇere upādāya, garucittaṃ karomahaṃ.
369『在无量无边的未来劫中,我所实践的善业,
‘‘Aparimeyye ito kappe, yaṃ kammamabhinīhariṃ;
370让我得以再生于此世,获得烦恼尽灭的果位。』
Tāhaṃ bhūmimanuppatto, pattomhi āsavakkhayaṃ.
371『证得四种分别……等,成就于世尊的教法。』
‘‘Paṭisambhidā catasso…pe… kataṃ buddhassa sāsana’’nti.
372大摩嘎剌那长老偈注释完毕。
Mahāmoggallānattheragāthāvaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
373六十品注释完毕。
Saṭṭhinipātavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.