3. 居士品义注
1第三 居士品(Gahapativaggo)
3. Gahapativaggo
2第一优伽经注释(Paṭhamauggasuttavaṇṇanā)
1. Paṭhamauggasuttavaṇṇanā
2121. 在第三经的第一段中,「在已铺设的座位上坐下」:据说在他家里,常年为五百位比丘铺设着五百个座位,他就坐在其中某个座位上。「你听这个」:就是「你听」,或者指「听这八种未曾有法」。「心净信」:是指他甚至连「这是佛?还是不是佛?」这样的念头都没有生起,内心生起的念头就是清净明澈、深信「这就是佛」。「或者去亲族家」:指带上仅够维持自己生活的财物,前往亲戚家。「我当施与谁」:就是「我把你们施给哪个人呢?请你们告诉我你们的心意」。「未分配」:如果一个人在心里想「这么多我给,这么多我不给;这个我给,这个我不给」,这种心态就叫做「已分配」,但我并非如此。反而像是僧团的物品、大众共有的东西一样,都是与持戒者平等共享的。「我恭敬奉事」:就是我亲手去服侍,怀着敬重的心去亲近。
21. Tatiyassa paṭhame paññatte āsane nisīdīti tassa kira ghare pañcannaṃ bhikkhusatānaṃ pañca āsanasatāni niccaṃ paññattāneva honti, tesu aññatarasmiṃ āsane nisīdi. Taṃ suṇāhīti te suṇāhi, taṃ vā aṭṭhavidhaṃ acchariyadhammaṃ suṇāhi. Cittaṃ pasīdīti ‘‘buddho nu kho na buddho nu kho’’ti vitakkamattampi na uppajji, ayameva buddhoti cittuppādo pasanno anāvilo ahosi. Sakāni vā ñātikulānīti attano yāpanamattaṃ dhanaṃ gahetvā ñātigharāni gacchatu. Kassa vo dammīti katarapurisassa tumhe dadāmi, ārocetha me attano adhippāyaṃ. Appaṭivibhattāti ‘‘ettakaṃ dassāmi ettakaṃ na dassāmi, idaṃ dassāmi idaṃ na dassāmī’’ti cittaṃ uppādentena hi paṭivibhattā nāma hoti, mayhaṃ pana na evaṃ. Atha kho saṅghikā viya gaṇasantakā viya ca sīlavantehi saddhiṃ sādhāraṇāyeva. Sakkaccaṃyeva payirupāsāmīti sahatthā upaṭṭhahāmi, cittīkārena upasaṅkamāmi.
2「大德,这于我并非稀有」:大德,天神们前来这样告知我,这并不稀有。我想说的是,我并没有因此内心生起一丝一毫的傲慢,这才真正算得上「稀有」,我是这样说的。「善哉善哉,比丘」:在这里,虽然从字面上是在称呼「比丘」,但应当明白,这声「善哉」其实是佛陀对那位居士所作解释感到满意而发出的赞叹。
Anacchariyaṃ kho pana maṃ, bhanteti, bhante, yaṃ maṃ devatā upasaṅkamitvā evaṃ ārocenti, idaṃ na acchariyaṃ. Yaṃ panāhaṃ tatonidānaṃ cittassa uṇṇatiṃ nābhijānāmi, taṃ eva acchariyanti vadati. Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhūti ettha kiñcāpi bhikkhuṃ āmanteti, upāsakasseva pana veyyākaraṇasampahaṃsane esa sādhukāroti veditabbo.
5第二优伽经注释(Dutiyauggasuttavaṇṇanā)
2. Dutiyauggasuttavaṇṇanā
2222. 在第二经中,「在象林」:据说,这位富翁有一个名叫「象林」的园林。那天他为了在饭前游玩园林,带着香和花鬘等物品去了那里。当他在园中游乐时,看见了世尊。仅仅一见到,他的心就像之前描述的方式一样立刻清净下来,而且因为饮酒产生的迷醉感瞬间就消失了。这段话正是针对这个情形而说的。「我倾倒」:指我倾倒水在手上,供养给他。「某某」:就是指某个人。「我以平等心施与」:这表明我不会生起「给这个少一点,给那个多一点」这样的差别心,而是将应施的物品平等地布施给每一个人。「告知」:指站在空中告知。「无结」:居士以此宣告自己证得了不来果。
22. Dutiye nāgavaneti tassa kira seṭṭhino nāgavanaṃ nāma uyyānaṃ, so tattha purebhattaṃ gandhamālādīni gāhāpetvā uyyānakīḷikaṃ kīḷitukāmo gantvā paricāriyamāno bhagavantaṃ addasa. Saha dassanenevassa purimanayeneva cittaṃ pasīdi, surāpānena ca uppannamando taṅkhaṇaṃyeva pahīyi. Taṃ sandhāyevamāha. Oṇojesinti udakaṃ hatthe pātetvā adāsiṃ. Asukoti amuko. Samacittova demīti ‘‘imassa thokaṃ, imassa bahuka’’nti evaṃ cittanānattaṃ na karomi, deyyadhammaṃ pana ekasadisaṃ karomīti dasseti. Ārocentīti ākāse ṭhatvā ārocenti. Natthi taṃ saṃyojananti iminā upāsako attano anāgāmiphalaṃ byākaroti.
7第一手长者经注释(Paṭhamahatthakasuttavaṇṇanā)
3. Paṭhamahatthakasuttavaṇṇanā
2323. 在第三经中,「旷野的手长者」:是指那位被世尊从旷野夜叉手中亲手接过来的王子,因此得到了「手长者」这个名字。「持戒者」:指以五戒、十戒而持守戒律的人。「乐施者」:指具足布施品格的人。「大德,是否在此?」:大德,这是在世尊解释法义的地方吗?「少欲者」:指因为对于证得的境界保持少欲,而被称为少欲的人。
23. Tatiye hatthako āḷavakoti bhagavatā āḷavakayakkhassa hatthato hatthehi sampaṭicchitattā hatthakoti laddhanāmo rājakumāro. Sīlavāti pañcasīladasasīlena sīlavā. Cāgavāti cāgasampanno. Kaccittha, bhanteti, bhante, kacci ettha bhagavato byākaraṇaṭṭhāne. Appicchoti adhigamappicchatāya appiccho.
9《第二手长者经》注释
4. Dutiyahatthakasuttavaṇṇanā
2424. 在第四经中,「与五百位近事男」:是指被五百位入流者与一来者这样的圣弟子近事男围绕;手长者吃过早饭,拿了香、花环、涂香、粉末等,前往世尊那里。「摄事」:即摄受的方法。「以那些我」:指通过那些方法,我……。「以布施摄受」:即通过布施犁、牛、饭食、种子等以及香、花根等来摄受。「以爱语摄受」:即用‘母亲、亲爱的、兄弟、姊妹’等悦耳、柔和、可爱的言语来摄受。「以利行摄受」:即了知‘此人不需要以布施或爱语来利益,应以利行来摄受’,通过帮助他处理所生起的事务这种利行来摄受。「以同事摄受」:即了知‘此人不需要以布施等来利益,应以同事来摄受’,在吃、喝、坐、卧等方面使自己与他同等来摄受。「他们认为贫穷者不应如此听闻」:是指对于贫穷者,对于那些无力布施或做任何事的人,他们认为不应像对待贫穷者那样听闻,而认为我应当听闻,并安住于我的教导中,认为不应违越我的教诫。「你有方法」:指你有这个方法。然而应当了知,在这两部经中,世尊所宣说的是混合了戒、舍、慧的教法。
24. Catutthe pañcamattehi upāsakasatehīti sotāpannasakadāgāmīnaṃyeva ariyasāvakaupāsakānaṃ pañcahi satehi parivuto bhuttapātarāso gandhamālavilepenacuṇṇāni gahetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami. Saṅgahavatthūnīti saṅgaṇhanakāraṇāni. Tehāhanti tehi ahaṃ. Taṃ dānena saṅgaṇhāmīti naṅgalabalibaddabhattabījādīni ceva gandhamālamūlādīni ca datvā saṅgaṇhāmi. Peyyavajjenāti amma, tāta, bhātara, bhaginītiādikena kaṇṇasukhena mudukena piyavacanena saṅgaṇhāmi. Atthacariyāyāti ‘‘imassa dānena vā piyavacanena vā kiccaṃ natthi, atthacariyāya saṅgaṇhitabbayuttako aya’’nti ñatvā uppannakiccanittharaṇasaṅkhātāya atthacariyāya saṅgaṇhāmi. Samānattatāyāti ‘‘imassa dānādīhi kiccaṃ natthi, samānattatāya saṅgaṇhitabbo aya’’nti ekato khādanapivananisajjādīhi attanā samānaṃ katvā saṅgaṇhāmi. Daliddassa kho no tathā sotabbaṃ maññantīti daliddassa kiñci dātuṃ vā kātuṃ vā asakkontassa, yathā daliddassa no tathā sotabbaṃ maññanti, mama pana sotabbaṃ maññanti, dinnovāde tiṭṭhanti, na me anusāsaniṃ atikkamitabbaṃ maññanti. Yoni kho tyāyanti upāyo kho te ayaṃ. Imesu pana dvīsupi suttesu satthārā sīlacāgapaññā missakā kathitāti veditabbā.
11《摩诃男经》等注释
5-6. Mahānāmasuttādivaṇṇanā
25-2625-26. 在第五经中,「已观察义理者」:指已观察什么是义理和非义理、什么是因和非因的人。在第六经中,讲述了信、戒、施等杂说。
25-26. Pañcame atthūpaparikkhitā hotīti atthānatthaṃ kāraṇākāraṇaṃ upaparikkhitā hoti. Chaṭṭhe saddhāsīlacāgā missakā kathitā.
13第一《力经》注释
7. Paṭhamabalasuttavaṇṇanā
2727. 在第七经中,「愤慨之力」:就是抱怨的力量。因为愚人们这样想:‘某人说了这样那样的话,他说的是我,没说别人’——这样的抱怨就是他们的力量。「审察之力」:是说‘不是这样的,而是那样的’,这样决断义理与非义理的力量。「思择之力」:即观察的力量。「忍耐之力」:即安忍的力量。
27. Sattame ujjhattibalāti ujjhānabalā. Bālānañhi ‘‘yaṃ asuko idañcidañca āha, maṃ so āha, na añña’’nti evaṃ ujjhānameva balaṃ. Nijjhattibalāti ‘‘na idaṃ evaṃ, evaṃ nāmeta’’nti atthānatthanijjhāpanaṃyeva balaṃ. Paṭisaṅkhānabalāti paccavekkhaṇabalā. Khantibalāti adhivāsanabalā.
15第二《力经》注释
8. Dutiyabalasuttavaṇṇanā
28第八经中,「力」指智之力。「宣称诸漏已尽」即是宣称已证得阿罗汉果。「以无常」即从存在后归于无有的方式。「如实」即依真实状态。「以正慧」即与观相应的道慧。「火坑譬喻」是指由于烧灼的意义,这些欲被比喻为火坑。「趣向远离」指以果等至之力趣向涅槃。「住于远离」指远离诸烦恼,或者已经处于远离的状态。「乐出离」指乐于出家。「已灭尽」指已经彻底消尽,连一点残余也不依附、不系缚,完全脱离。「于诸漏处」是指由相应之力而成为漏(烦恼)之因的,即烦恼法。或者,「已灭尽」解释为气息已消除。从哪里消除?从一切漏处之法,即从一切三地之法中消除。在这部经中,讲说了世间与出世间的圣道。
28. Aṭṭhame balānīti ñāṇabalāni. Āsavānaṃ khayaṃ paṭijānātīti arahattaṃ paṭijānāti. Aniccatoti hutvā abhāvākārena. Yathābhūtanti yathāsabhāvato. Sammappaññāyāti sahavipassanāya maggapaññāya. Aṅgārakāsūpamāti santāpanaṭṭhena aṅgārakāsuyā upamitā ime kāmāti. Vivekaninnanti phalasamāpattivasena nibbānaninnaṃ. Vivekaṭṭhanti kilesehi vajjitaṃ dūrībhūtaṃ vā. Nekkhammābhiratanti pabbajjābhirataṃ. Byantibhūtanti vigatantabhūtaṃ ekadesenāpi anallīnaṃ visaṃyuttaṃ visaṃsaṭṭhaṃ. Āsavaṭṭhāniyehīti sampayogavasena āsavānaṃ kāraṇabhūtehi, kilesadhammehīti attho. Atha vā byantibhūtanti vigatavāyanti attho. Kuto? Sabbaso āsavaṭṭhāniyehi dhammehi, sabbehi tebhūmakadhammehīti attho. Imasmiṃ sutte ariyamaggo lokiyalokuttaro kathito.
17《非时经》注释
9. Akkhaṇasuttavaṇṇanā
29第九经中,「应时作者」指在适当的时机做应做之事,意思是得到机会才做应做之事。「法」指四圣谛之法。「寂止的」指带来烦恼止息的。「般涅槃的」指导致烦恼的般涅槃。「导向正觉」的意思是前往、到达那称为四道智的正觉。「长寿的天众」这是针对无想天众而说的。「于无识者中」指在极其无智的众生当中。
29. Navame khaṇe kiccāni karotīti khaṇakicco, okāsaṃ labhitvāva kiccāni karotīti attho. Dhammoti catusaccadhammo. Opasamikoti kilesūpasamāvaho. Parinibbāyikoti kilesaparinibbānakaro. Catumaggañāṇasaṅkhātaṃ sambodhiṃ gacchati sampāpuṇātīti sambodhagāmī. Dīghāyukaṃ devanikāyanti idaṃ asaññaṃ devanikāyaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ. Aviññātāresūti ativiya aviññūsu.
10「善说」指被善加开示。「障碍之」指作障碍的。「切勿错失时机」:意思是获得了这个时机,不要让它白白度过。「就在此处,若错失它」的意思是,如果有人虽在这里得到这个时机,却因放逸而错失了正法的决定性圣道,未能成就它,「那他便是错过义利者」,即损失了真实利益的人,「将长久追悔」意思是会长夜忧愁懊悔。这就像一个商人听说‘某处有货物产出’,却不前往,而其他人去了并取得货物,获得八倍乃至十倍的利润。那时,这个商人就会想‘我的利益错过了’而后悔。同样地,如果一个人在这里得到时机却不依之修行,错失了正法的决定性,他就会像那个商人一样,作为错过义利者而长久地追悔忧伤。「更何况,为无知所覆者」也是如此。「他们证悟」指他们已经通达。「防护」指戒律的防护。「随魔境而行者」指追随那称为魔境界的轮回的众生。「到彼岸者」指已经到达涅槃的人。「那些达到漏尽者」指那些证得阿罗汉果的人。如此,在这些偈颂中,开示了轮回与还灭的道理。
Suppavediteti sukathite. Antarāyikāti antarāyakarā. Khaṇo ve mā upaccagāti ayaṃ laddho khaṇo mā atikkami. Idhaceva naṃ virādhetīti sace koci pamattacārī idha imaṃ khaṇaṃ labhitvāpi saddhammassa niyāmataṃ ariyamaggaṃ virādheti na sampādeti. Atītatthoti hāpitattho. Cirattaṃ anutapissatīti cirarattaṃ socissati. Yathā hi ‘‘asukaṭṭhāne bhaṇḍaṃ samuppanna’’nti sutvā eko vāṇijo na gaccheyya, aññe gantvā gaṇheyyuṃ, tesaṃ taṃ aṭṭhaguṇampi dasaguṇampi bhaveyya. Atha itaro ‘‘mama attho atikkanto’’ti anutapeyya, evaṃ yo idha khaṇaṃ labhitvā appaṭipajjanto saddhammassa niyāmataṃ virādheti, so ayaṃ vāṇijova atītattho ciraṃ anutapissati socissati. Kiñca bhiyyo avijjānivutoti tathā. Paccavidunti paṭivijjhiṃsu. Saṃvarāti sīlasaṃvarā. Māradheyyaparānugeti māradheyyasaṅkhātaṃ saṃsāraṃ anugate. Pāraṅgatāti nibbānaṃ gatā. Ye pattā āsavakkhayanti ye arahattaṃ pattā. Evamidha gāthāsu vaṭṭavivaṭṭaṃ kathitaṃ.
20《阿那律大寻经》注释
10. Anuruddhamahāvitakkasuttavaṇṇanā
30第十经中,「诸车提」指因为曾是名为车提的国王们居住之地,因而获得此称呼的国土。「于东方竹林」指在十力世尊住处东边的一片竹林,那是一片遍布着蓝色光泽竹子的森林。「这样,他心中生起这样的思惟」意思是,据说那位长老出家后,在第一个雨安居内就证得了禅定,并生起了能观察一千个世界的天眼智。他去到舍利弗长老那里,这样说道:“贤友舍利弗,我以清净、超越常人的天眼观察一千个世界。我的精进已经策励而不懈怠,正念已经现前而不忘失,身体已经轻安而不躁动,心已经入定而专一。然而,我的心依然不能无所执取地从诸漏中解脱。”于是,舍利弗长老便对他说道:“贤友阿那律,你这样想‘我以天眼……(中略)……观察千世界’,这是你的「慢」。贤友阿那律,你这样想‘我的精进已策励……乃至……专一’,这是你的「掉举」。贤友阿那律,你这样想‘然而,我的心依然不能无所执取地从诸漏中解脱’,这是你的「追悔」。善哉,愿尊者阿那律舍弃这三种法,不去理会这三种法,而将心导向不死界。”如此,舍利弗长老为他说了修行业处。他领受业处后,向大师告辞,前往车提国,在修习沙门法时,以经行度过了八个月。因为他精进策励、身心损耗而身体疲惫,便坐在一处竹丛下。那时,他心中生起了这样的思惟,这就是「大人之思惟」生起的意思。
30. Dasame cetīsūti cetināmakānaṃ rājūnaṃ nivāsaṭṭhānattā evaṃladdhavohāre raṭṭhe. Pācīnavaṃsadāyeti dasabalassa vasanaṭṭhānato pācīnadisāya ṭhite vaṃsadāye nīlobhāsehi veḷūhi sañchanne araññe. Evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādīti thero kira pabbajitvā paṭhamaantovassamhiyeva samāpattilābhī hutvā sahassalokadhātudassanasamatthaṃ dibbacakkhuñāṇaṃ uppādesi. So sāriputtattherassa santikaṃ gantvā evamāha – ‘‘idhāhaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena sahassalokaṃ olokemi. Āraddhaṃ kho pana me vīriyaṃ asallīnaṃ, upaṭṭhitā sati asammuṭṭhā, passaddho kāyo asāraddho, samāhitaṃ cittaṃ ekaggaṃ. Atha ca pana me anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ na vimuccatī’’ti. Atha naṃ thero āha – ‘‘yaṃ kho te, āvuso anuruddha, evaṃ hoti ‘ahaṃ dibbena cakkhunā…pe… olokemī’ti, idaṃ te mānasmiṃ. Yampi te, āvuso, anuruddha evaṃ hoti ‘āraddhaṃ kho pana me vīriyaṃ…pe… ekagga’nti, idaṃ te uddhaccasmiṃ. Yampi te, āvuso anuruddha, evaṃ hoti ‘atha ca pana me anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ na vimuccatī’ti, idaṃ te kukkuccasmiṃ. Sādhu vatāyasmā anuruddho ime tayo dhamme pahāya ime tayo dhamme amanasikaritvā amatāya dhātuyā cittaṃ upasaṃharatū’’ti evamassa thero kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathesi. So kammaṭṭhānaṃ gahetvā satthāraṃ āpucchitvā cetiraṭṭhaṃ gantvā samaṇadhammaṃ karonto aṭṭhamāsaṃ caṅkamena vītināmesi. So padhānaveganimmathitattā kilantakāyo ekassa veḷugumbassa heṭṭhā nisīdi. Athassāyaṃ evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi, esa mahāpurisavitakko uppajjīti attho.
12「少欲者」:这里有四种少欲:资具少欲、证得少欲、教说少欲和头陀支少欲。其中,「资具少欲者」指当别人给很多时,他只取少许;给少许时,他取更少,不会毫无剩余地全盘接受。「证得少欲者」指不愿让他人知道自己所证得的境界,如同中洲长老那样。「教说少欲者」指即使是通达三藏的人,也不愿让人知道自己多闻,如同娑枳多帝须长老那样。「头陀支少欲者」指不让他人知道自己受持头陀支的情况,如同两位兄弟长老中的兄长那样。相关的事迹在《清净道论》中有记载。「此法」:这样,一个通过隐藏自己真实功德和在接受时懂得节量而知足的少欲之人,便能成就这九种出世间法;而多欲者则不能。对于所有相关的词句,都应如此配合理解。
Appicchassāti ettha paccayappiccho, adhigamappiccho, pariyattiappiccho, dhutaṅgappicchoti cattāro appicchā. Tattha paccayappiccho bahuṃ dente appaṃ gaṇhāti, appaṃ dente appataraṃ gaṇhāti, na anavasesaggāhī hoti. Adhigamappiccho majjhantikatthero viya attano adhigamaṃ aññesaṃ jānituṃ na deti. Pariyattiappiccho tepiṭakopi samāno na bahussutabhāvaṃ jānāpetukāmo hoti sāketatissatthero viya. Dhutaṅgappiccho dhutaṅgapariharaṇabhāvaṃ aññesaṃ jānituṃ na deti dvebhātikattheresu jeṭṭhatthero viya. Vatthu visuddhimagge kathitaṃ. Ayaṃ dhammoti evaṃ santaguṇaniguhanena ca paṭiggahaṇe mattaññutāya ca appicchassa puggalassa ayaṃ navalokuttaradhammo sampajjati, no mahicchassa. Evaṃ sabbattha yojetabbaṃ.
13「知足者」指对四种资具以三种知足而安住的人。「远离者」指以身远离、心远离、依远离而远离的人。其中,身远离是指去除群体杂沓,依精进事而独处。但仅凭独处并不能成就业处,因此修习遍业处后,证得八种等至,这称为心远离。但仅凭等至也不能成就业处,因此以禅那为近因,观照诸行后,连同无碍解一起证得阿罗汉果,这从一切方面来说称为依远离。因此世尊说:“身远离是那些身远离、乐出离者;心远离是那些心清净、达到最胜清净者;依远离是那些无依、到达无为的士夫。”(《大义释》7, 49)
Santuṭṭhassāti catūsu paccayesu tīhi santosehi santuṭṭhassa. Pavivittassāti kāyacittaupadhivivekehi vivittassa. Tattha kāyaviveko nāma gaṇasaṅgaṇikaṃ vinodetvā ārambhavatthuvasena ekībhāvo. Ekībhāvamatteneva kammaṃ na nipphajjatīti kasiṇaparikammaṃ katvā aṭṭha samāpattiyo nibbatteti, ayaṃ cittaviveko nāma. Samāpattimatteneva kammaṃ na nipphajjatīti jhānaṃ pādakaṃ katvā saṅkhāre sammasitvā saha paṭisambhidāhi arahattaṃ pāpuṇāti, ayaṃ sabbākārato upadhiviveko nāma. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘kāyaviveko ca vivekaṭṭhakāyānaṃ nekkhammābhiratānaṃ, cittaviveko ca parisuddhacittānaṃ paramavodānappattānaṃ, upadhiviveko ca nirupadhīnaṃ puggalānaṃ visaṅkhāragatāna’’nti (mahāni. 7, 49).
14「乐于众会者」指欢喜于群体杂沓和烦恼杂沓的人。「勤精进者」指依身精进和心精进而勤精进的人。「念现前者」指依四念处而念现前的人。「心入定者」指心一境性的人。「具慧者」指具有业自属慧的人。
Saṅgaṇikārāmassāti gaṇasaṅgaṇikāya ceva kilesasaṅgaṇikāya ca ratassa. Āraddhavīriyassāti kāyikacetasikavīriyavasena āraddhavīriyassa. Upaṭṭhitassatissāti catusatipaṭṭhānavasena upaṭṭhitassatissa. Samāhitassāti ekaggacittassa. Paññavatoti kammassakatapaññāya paññavato.
15「善哉善哉」是世尊随喜长老的思惟而这样说。「这第八个」:如同给已得七宝藏的人第八个,如同给已得七珠宝、七象宝、七马宝的人第八个,世尊为已思惟七种大人思惟而安住的人,开示这第八个,而这样说。「乐于无戏论者」:因为远离了渴爱、慢、见的戏论,而乐于称为无戏论的涅槃处的人。后面的词是它的同义词。「乐于戏论者」:指乐于上述种种戏论的人。后面的词是它的同义词。
Sādhu sādhūti therassa vitakkaṃ sampahaṃsento evamāha. Imaṃ aṭṭhamanti satta nidhī laddhapurisassa aṭṭhamaṃ dento viya, satta maṇiratanāni, satta hatthiratanāni, satta assaratanāni laddhapurisassa aṭṭhamaṃ dento viya satta mahāpurisavitakke vitakketvā ṭhitassa aṭṭhamaṃ ācikkhanto evamāha. Nippapañcārāmassāti taṇhāmānadiṭṭhipapañcarahitattā nippapañcasaṅkhāte nibbānapade abhiratassa. Itaraṃ tasseva vevacanaṃ. Papañcārāmassāti yathāvuttesu papañcesu abhiratassa. Itaraṃ tasseva vevacanaṃ.
16「Yato」指‘当……时’,「tato」指‘那时’。「种种染色」指被蓝、黄、红、白等种种染料染色的衣服。「粪扫衣」指在二十三种场所中所存在的粪扫衣。「将会显现」:如同他在午前等时段,当他想披某件衣服时,那个衣箱会显得可爱而显现一样;对你来说,以衣服知足的圣种为满足而安住时,粪扫衣将会显现、现前。「为了喜」指为了喜;「为了无惧」指为了从渴爱和见的悸动中无惧。「为了安稳住」指为了乐住。「为了进入涅槃」指为了进入不死的涅槃。
Yatoti yadā. Tatoti tadā. Nānārattānanti nilapītalohitodātavaṇṇehi nānārajanehi rattānaṃ. Paṃsukūlanti tevīsatiyā khettesu ṭhitapaṃsukūlacīvaraṃ. Khāyissatīti yathā tassa pubbaṇhasamayādīsu yasmiṃ samaye yaṃ icchati, tasmiṃ samaye taṃ pārupantassa so dussakaraṇḍako manāpo hutvā khāyati, evaṃ tuyhampi cīvarasantosamahāariyavaṃsena tuṭṭhassa viharato paṃsukūlacīvaraṃ khāyissati upaṭṭhahissati. Ratiyāti ratiatthāya. Aparitassāyāti taṇhādiṭṭhiparitassanāhi aparitassanatthāya. Phāsuvihārāyāti sukhavihāratthāya. Okkamanāya nibbānassāti amataṃ nibbānaṃ otaraṇatthāya.
17「团食」指在村庄、城镇、王都中,依靠脚力,挨家挨户次第行乞所获得的团食。「将会显现」:就像那位居士的种种美味食物一样,它将会现前。以团食知足的圣种为满足而安住的人。「树下坐卧具将会显现」:就像那位居士在三层宫殿中那熏满香花香气、庄严的尖顶屋一样,树下坐卧处将会现前。「知足者」指以坐卧具知足的圣种而知足的人。「草敷具」指用草或树叶,在地上或木板、石板等任一上面所铺的敷具。「陈弃药」指任何种类的尿;因为气味臭秽,即使当场取得的也称为陈弃药。「满足安住」指以病缘药资具知足而满足安住的人。
Piṇḍiyālopabhojananti gāmanigamarājadhānīsu jaṅghābalaṃ nissāya gharapaṭipāṭiyā carantena laddhapiṇḍiyālopabhojanaṃ. Khāyissatīti tassa gahapatino nānaggarasabhojanaṃ viya upaṭṭhahissati . Santuṭṭhassa viharatoti piṇḍapātasantosamahāariyavaṃsena santuṭṭhassa viharato. Rukkhamūlasenāsanaṃ khāyissatīti tassa gahapatino tebhūmakapāsāde gandhakusumavāsasugandhaṃ kūṭāgāraṃ viya rukkhamūlaṃ upaṭṭhahissati. Santuṭṭhassāti senāsanasantosamahāariyavaṃsena santuṭṭhassa. Tiṇasanthārakoti tiṇehi vā paṇṇehi vā bhūmiyaṃ vā phalakapāsāṇatalāni vā aññatarasmiṃ santhatasanthato. Pūtimuttanti yaṃkiñci muttaṃ. Taṅkhaṇe gahitampi pūtimuttameva vuccati duggandhattā. Santuṭṭhassa viharatoti gilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārasantosena santuṭṭhassa viharato.
18如此,世尊在四个地方,以导向阿罗汉果的方式讲说了业处之后,又思惟:‘住在哪一种坐卧具中,对这个业处是合适的呢?’明白‘就是住在这里最合适’之后,便说了‘那么,阿那律啊……’等话语。「于远离而住者」指以三种远离而远离、安住的人。「与发遣相关」指与发遣的言语相关,意思是那是他们前往承事、应赴集会的原因。「在戏论灭处」指涅槃处。「跃入」指以作所缘的方式跃入。「于清净等中」也应当理解为:是以所缘而清净、安住、解脱。如此,世尊在车提国的东方竹林,为尊者阿那律讲述八个大人思惟之后,又在婆沙羯罗林大寺中坐下,为比丘僧团详细讲解。
Iti bhagavā catūsu ṭhānesu arahattaṃ pakkhipanto kammaṭṭhānaṃ kathetvā ‘‘katarasenāsane nu kho vasantassa kammaṭṭhānaṃ sappāyaṃ bhavissatī’’ti āvajjento ‘‘tasmiññeva vasantassā’’ti ñatvā tena hi tvaṃ, anuruddhātiādimāha. Pavivittassa viharatoti tīhi vivekehi vivittassa viharantassa. Uyyojanikapaṭisaṃyuttanti uyyojanikeheva vacanehi paṭisaṃyuttaṃ, tesaṃ upaṭṭhānagamanakaṃyevāti attho. Papañcanirodheti nibbānapade . Pakkhandatīti ārammaṇakaraṇavasena pakkhandati. Pasīdatītiādīsupi ārammaṇavaseneva pasīdanasantiṭṭhanamuccanā veditabbā. Iti bhagavā cetiraṭṭhe pācīnavaṃsadāye āyasmato anuruddhassa kathite aṭṭha mahāpurisavitakke puna bhesakaḷāvanamahāvihāre nisīditvā bhikkhusaṅghassa vitthārena kathesi.
19「意所成」:由意所生的身体称为意所成,由意所往的身体也称为意所成。这里是指由意所往的身体。「如我之思惟」:如我所起的思惟那样;为了开显超越于此的第八种大人思惟,而宣说了更上的法。其余一切地方,义理清楚明白。
Manomayenāti manena nibbattitakāyopi manomayoti vuccati manena gatakāyopi, idha manena gatakāyaṃ sandhāyevamāha. Yathā me ahu saṅkappoti yathā mayhaṃ vitakko ahosi, tato uttari aṭṭhamaṃ mahāpurisavitakkaṃ dassento tato uttariṃ desayi. Sesaṃ sabbattha uttānamevāti.
30第三 居士品
Gahapativaggo tatiyo.