15. 《不可能圣典本文》(第二品)
1第十五 非处篇(第二品)
15. Aṭṭhānapāḷi (dutiyavagga)
2第十五 非处篇第二品注疏
(15) 2. Aṭṭhānapāḷi-dutiyavaggavaṇṇanā
278「因止息诤讼故」指的是止息诤讼的原因。当两者生起时,如果可能会生起诤讼,那么这种诤讼的不生起,就是这里的“止息诤讼”。通过「于一洲」等说法,显示了即使在不同的大洲,也都不会同时生起,更不用说在同一洲内了。「他也会退失」是指,由于只能在轮围山的局部地区运转,所以会退失。
278.Vivādupacchedatoti vivādupacchedakāraṇā. Dvīsu uppannesu yo vivādo bhaveyya, tassa anuppādoyevettha vivādupacchedo. Ekasmiṃ dīpetiādinā dīpantarepi ekajjhaṃ na uppajjati, pageva ekadīpeti dasseti. Sopi parihāyethāti cakkavāḷassa padese eva pavattitabbattā parihāyeyya.
279-280「人身」指人的状态,因为只有人才能具备出家等功德。「性相具足」指男子的本性。「因」指以意、语的愿欲为先的因具足。「见师」指与导师面对面。「出家」指在业论者等苦行者中出家,或在比丘中出家。「德具足」指神通等功德的具足。「增上行」指为了佛陀而作的更殊胜的行为,也就是特别的服务、殊胜的恭敬。「欲」即欲性,指为了等正觉而生起的极殊胜的欣求善欲。「八法集合」指这八种法的结合。「导引愿」指以身发起的愿。「成就」指实现。这里只是略说,详细内容应当按照《胜义灯·行藏注疏》中所说的方法来了解。「一切行相圆满」指因为具足相好的特征,而以最上士等一切行相圆满成就。的确,女性不可能有包裹在内的密处等特征。而且,所谓第二性,本来就比第一性低劣。因此,在紧接着的篇章中说“由于……”等。
279-280.Manussattanti manussabhāvo tasseva pabbajjādiguṇānaṃ yoggabhāvato. Liṅgasampattīti purisabhāvo. Hetūti manovacīpaṇidhānapubbikā hetusampadā. Satthāradassananti satthusammukhībhāvo. Pabbajjāti kammakiriyavādīsu tāpasesu, bhikkhūsu vā pabbajjā. Guṇasampattīti abhiññādiguṇasampadā. Adhikāroti buddhe uddissa adhiko kāro, savisesā upakārakiriyā adhiko sakkāroti vuttaṃ hoti. Chandova chandatā, sammāsambodhiṃ uddissa sātisayo kattukamyatākusalacchando. Aṭṭhadhammasamodhānāti etesaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ dhammānaṃ samāyogena. Abhinīhāroti kāyapaṇidhānaṃ. Samijjhatīti nipphajjati. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, vitthāro pana paramatthadīpaniyā cariyāpiṭakavaṇṇanāya (cariyā. aṭṭha. pakiṇṇakakathā) vuttanayena veditabbo. Sabbākāraparipūramevāti paripuṇṇalakkhaṇatāya sattuttamādīhi sabbākārena sampannameva. Na hi itthiyā kosohitavatthaguyhatādi sambhavati. Dutiyapakati ca nāma paṭhamapakatito nihīnā eva. Tenevāha – anantaravāre ‘‘yasmā’’tiādi.
281「此处,男子于彼处投生」意思是:在此人界身为男子,而于那梵天界以梵身投生。这显示即使没有男性性相,梵天也具有男子形相。世尊正是针对这一男子形相而说:“若男子造作梵业……”。因此才说:“即使相等……”等。如果有人问:“如果是这样,那女人岂不是不能生于梵天界了吗?”回答是:“梵业……”等。
281.Idha purisassa tattha nibbattanatoti imasmiṃ manussaloke purisabhūtassa tattha brahmaloke brahmattabhāvena nibbattanato. Tena asatipi purisaliṅge purisākārā brahmāno hontīti dasseti. Taṃyeva ca purisākāraṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ bhagavatā ‘‘yaṃ puriso brahmattaṃ kāreyyā’’ti. Tenevāha – ‘‘samānepī’’tiādi. Yadi evaṃ itthiyo brahmaloke na uppajjeyyunti āha – ‘‘brahmatta’’ntiādi.
290-295对于“身恶行……”等经句,宣说了所谓的业定律。「具足」:指具有、具备的性质,因为有此性质,所以称为具足者、具备者;或者,习惯上具足的,也称为具足者。在加行阶段,从资具的集合等开始,基于积集而称为积集具足;基于决定思而称为思具足。或者,基于思的连续性而称为积集具足;基于各个思的刹那而称为思具足。对于已作、已累积而尚未受到果报的业,称为业具足。然而,当业开始成熟时,基于果报的转起而称为果报具足。在业等现前的时候,基于现前而称为现前具足。「善与不善业积集之刹那」:指正在造作善业与不善业的努力的那一刹那。「如此」:这是用来引出‘善与不善业’这个词。就像所造的业具有给予果报的能力那样,这样已作、已累积的业就是如此。「应受果报」:指在第二生等之中应当成熟的。应当这样连接:‘对于即将生起的众生,生趣相会现前’。「生趣相」:指再生时生起的相、原因,也就是业、业相和趣相。然而在注疏中,只以趣相来显示这种连结。至于业和业相的现前,也应当根据具体情况来理解。根据经中说:‘凡是他在过去所做的那些业,那些业在那时垂悬、遍垂、遍覆于他’(《中部》),如同傍晚大山峰顶的阴影,对于临近死亡的众生,在心中,犹如梦中,已经获得机会成熟的业、该业的相以及趣相,就会现前。「转动」:指变换。因为当某一个业及其同类的相现前时,由于缘的差别作用,另一个业及其不同的相现前,这就叫变换。「其余的不动」:指其余四种具足都是不动的,因为它们不会转变。
290-295. ‘‘Kāyaduccaritassā’’tiādipāḷiyā kammaniyāmo nāma kathito. Samañjanaṃ samaṅgo, samannāgamo, so etassa atthīti samaṅgī, samannāgato, samañjanasīlo vā samaṅgī, pubbabhāge upakaraṇasamudāyato pabhuti āyūhanavasena āyūhanasamaṅgītā, sanniṭṭhāpakacetanāvasena cetanāsamaṅgitā. Cetanāsantativasena vā āyūhanasamaṅgitā, taṃtaṃcetanākkhaṇavasena cetanāsamaṅgītā. Katūpacitassa avipakkavipākassa kammassa vasena kammasamaṅgitā. Kamme pana vipaccituṃ āraddhe vipākappavattivasena vipākasamaṅgitā. Kammādīnaṃ upaṭṭhānakālavasena upaṭṭhānasamaṅgitā. Kusalākusalakammāyūhanakkhaṇeti kusalakammassa akusalakammassa ca samīhanakkhaṇe. Tathāti iminā kusalākusalakammapadaṃ ākaḍḍhati. Yathā kataṃ kammaṃ phaladānasamatthaṃ hoti, tathā kataṃ upacitaṃ. Vipākārahanti dutiyabhavādīsu vipaccanārahaṃ. Uppajjamānānaṃ upapattinimittaṃ upaṭṭhātīti yojanā. Upapattiyā uppajjanassa nimittaṃ kāraṇanti upapattinimittaṃ, kammaṃ, kammanimittaṃ, gatinimittañca. Aṭṭhakathāyaṃ pana gatinimittavaseneva yojanā dassitā. Kammakammanimittānampi upaṭṭhānaṃ yathārahaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. ‘‘Yānissa tāni pubbe katāni kammāni, tānissa tasmiṃ samaye olambanti ajjholambanti abhilambanti’’ti (ma. ni. 3.248) vacanato sāyanhe mahantānaṃ pabbatakūṭānaṃ chāyā viya āsannamaraṇassa sattassa citte supine viya vipaccituṃ katokāsaṃ kammaṃ, tassa nimittaṃ gatinimittaṃ upatiṭṭhateva. Calatīti parivattati. Ekena hi kammunā tajje nimitte upaṭṭhite paccayavisesavasena tato aññena kammunā tadaññassa nimittassa upaṭṭhānaṃ parivattanaṃ. Sesā niccalā avasesā catubbidhāpi samaṅgitā niccalā aparivattanato.
5「Sunakhavājiko」指用狗进行鹿猎的人,也就是狗猎人。「Talasantharaṇapūja」指用花铺展于地面的供养。「依积集思、业具足而言」:因为对于身恶行不断地积集,以决定思来造作它,由于未被业尽智所耗尽,并且根据所累积的业而具足,所以这样说。
Sunakhavājikoti sunakhehi migavājavasena vajanasīlo, sunakhaluddakoti attho. Talasantharaṇapūjanti bhūmitalassa pupphehi santharaṇapūjaṃ. Āyūhanacetanā kammasamaṅgitāvasenāti kāyaduccaritassa aparāparaṃ āyūhanena sanniṭṭhāpakacetanāya tasseva pakappane kammakkhayakarañāṇena akhepitattā yathūpacitakammunā ca samaṅgibhāvassa vasena.
6「业」指不善业。「就在那刹那」指正在积集的那一刹那。「他的」指业具足的补特伽罗,他的天界被遮止,意思是假如这种业获得果报的机会,就会这样。说“天界被遮止”只是举例。他的人界也同样被遮止。不过,另有一些人认为:由于前面所说的果报障碍并未遣除,而且“就在那刹那”是无差别地说的,为了避免这个过失,所以才说“所谓已积集之业……”等。当业获得果报的机会时,那是因为它已经得到机会而不可阻止的缘故。正如世尊在第三波罗夷事中默然;而在这部经中,因为说“身恶行具足”,所以不采用果报现前具足的说法。
Kammanti akusalakammaṃ. Tasmiṃyeva khaṇeti āyūhanakkhaṇeyeva. Tassāti kammasamaṅgino puggalassa saggo vārito, tañce kammaṃ vipākavāraṃ labheyyāti adhippāyo. Saggo vāritoti ca nidassanamattaṃ. Manussalokopissa vāritovāti. Apare pana purimehi vipākāvaraṇassa anuddhaṭattā ‘‘tasmiṃyeva khaṇe’’ti ca avisesena vuttattā taṃ dosaṃ pariharituṃ ‘‘āyūhitakammaṃ nāmā’’tiādimāha. Yadā kammaṃ vipākavāraṃ labhatīti idaṃ katokāsassa appaṭibāhiyattā vuttaṃ . Tathā hi bhagavā tatiyapārājikavatthusmiṃ (pārā. 162 ādayo) paṭisallīyi, imasmiṃ sutte ‘‘kāyaduccaritasamaṅgī’’ti āgatattā vipākūpaṭṭhānasamaṅgitā na labbhanti.
9第二品的注疏到此结束。
(Dutiyavaggavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.)
10在《非处篇》的注疏中,对隐晦含义的阐明至此结束。
Aṭṭhānapāḷivaṇṇanāyaṃ anuttānatthadīpanā niṭṭhitā.