1. 具变化动词分别
一、带变形词缀的动词分类
1. Savikaraṇākhyātavibhāga
1所谓界,即借助何者名为界?界者,有时因载持之义称界,有时因盛载诸义而称界,有时于二十个前缀中,由某一前缀及其对特定义项的拘缚,而载持特定义项,所以叫界。又谓此因缘存在,如『此即是此义,彼即是彼因』等多种分别,智者据此持有。此界亦破除愚人以铁等金属制成铁金属等界之假说。由此可知,应认识界辞之本义。
Tattha dhātūti kenaṭṭhena dhātu? Sakatthampi dhāretīti dhātu, atthātisayayogato paratthampi dhāretīti dhātu, vīsatiyā upasaggesu yena kenaci upasaggena atthavisesakāraṇena paṭibaddhā atthavisesampi dhāretīti dhātu, ‘‘ayaṃ imissā attho, ayamito paccayo paro’’tiādinā anekappakārena paṇḍitehi dhāriyati esātipi dhātu, vidahanti viduno etāya saddanipphattiṃ ayalohādimayaṃ ayalohādidhātūhi viyātipi dhātu. Evaṃ tāva dhātusaddassattho veditabbo.
2“界”语,于阴中的女性称法中说。
Dhātusaddo jinamate, itthiliṅgattane mato;
3于阴中男性相之说,称为“金属”语,有两种种类。
Satthe pulliṅgabhāvasmiṃ, kaccāyanamate dvisu.
2若说“界”语,如此便是『于是,乔达摩的界』,此处“界”语生有词性变异,有如「山林等」之意,此若说为“表示石头之非男性字”则本不符理,因为表示界的词多为女性字。诸如“地”等词即是“界”。诸如:地、骨、骨节、脊、肋骨、自身、筋、肌、肉等八种。此等即是基于变化及因缘现现。因缘种类多样,名称品类复杂,从名词、数量词、复合词、派生词等皆有。简约而言,因缘分两种:名词因缘与动词因缘。动词因缘又分两种:变化因缘与非变化因缘。变化因缘,起始类七十七种,总括与详细共十五种。非变化因缘有二十三种同类。且有因缘为标示特定义项助缘者,如照明、非照明、消除、非消除等,此等为词因缘。
Atha vā jinamate ‘‘tato gotamidhātūnī’’ti ettha dhātusaddo liṅgavipallāse vattati ‘‘pabbatāni vanāni cā’’ti ettha pabbatasaddo viya, na panettha vattabbaṃ ‘‘aṭṭhivācakattā napuṃsakaniddeso’’ti aṭṭhivācakattepi ‘‘dhātuyo’’ti itthiliṅgadassanato. Bhūvādayo saddā dhātavo. Seyyathidaṃ? Bhū i ku ke takka taka taki sukaiccādayo. Gaṇato te aṭṭhavidhā bhūvādigaṇo rudhādigaṇo divādigaṇo svādigaṇo kiyādigaṇo gahādigaṇo tanādigaṇo curādigaṇo cāti. Idāni tesaṃ vikaraṇasaññite paccaye dassessāma. Anekavidhā hi paccayā nānappakāresu nāmanāma kitanāma samāsanāma taddhitanāmākhyātesu pavattanato. Saṅkhepato pana duvidhāva nāmapaccayo ākhyātapaccayo cāti. Tatrāpi ākhyātapaccayā duvidhā vikaraṇapaccayanovikaraṇapaccayavasena. Tattha vikaraṇapaccayo akārādisattarasavidho aggahitaggahaṇena pannarasavidho ca. Novikaraṇapaccayo pana kha cha sādinekavidho. Ye rūpanipphattiyā upakārakā atthavisesassa jotakā vā ajotakā vā lopanīyā vā alopanīyā vā, te saddā paccayā.
5因缘即所依所缘,或此因缘。
Paṭicca kāraṇaṃ taṃ taṃ, entīti paccayātha vā;
6因缘语,指此处以上之意。
Paṭicca saddanipphatti, ito etīti paccayā.
7以名称为缘者,必有分别。
Nāmikappaccayānaṃ yo, vibhāgo āvi hessati;
8因为名称故,不应将其加以扩展。
Nāmakappe yato tasmā, na taṃ vitthārayāmase.
9若非因变异的条件而分别,
Yo novikaraṇānaṃ tu, paccayānaṃ vibhāgato;
10则应归于所说名称缘,常随说相而显现。
So panākhyātakappamhi, vitthārenā’gamissatīti.
3此缘当称为种种不同的条件缘。云何?诸如地等合成的条件,谓其为作用缘;水等合成的条件,谓其为无作用无色异色缘;先前居中所在与戒律传承,谓其为规约条件;风等合成的条件,谓其为作用条件;味等合成的条件,则有热冷食饮条件;数量等合成的条件,则无条件;舍宅等合成的条件,则是居处条件;声音等合成的条件,是依声音为缘;触等合成的条件,是感触为缘。
Iccānekavidhesu paccayesu ‘‘vikaraṇapaccayā nāma ime’’ti sallakkhetabbā. Kathaṃ? Bhūvādigaṇato apaccayo hoti kattari, rudhādigaṇato akārivaṇṇekārokārapaccayā honti kattari, pubbamajjhaṭṭhāne niggahītāgamo ca, divādigaṇato yapaccayo hoti kattari, svādigaṇato ṇu ṇā uṇāpaccayā honti kattari, kiyādigaṇato nāpaccayo hoti kattari, gahādigaṇato ppa ṇhāpaccayā honti kattari, tanādigaṇato o yirapaccayā honti kattari, curādigaṇato ṇe ṇayapaccayā honti kattari.
12作用无色之类,如此以上这些条件,皆成其缘。
Akāro ca ivaṇṇo ca, e okārā ca yo tathā;
13何等是无问的?即是无所求无所问之义。
Ṇu ṇā uṇā ca nā ppa ṇhā-yirā ṇe ṇayapaccayā.
14以『聚摄聚摄』为因,如此被归入十五种不良根本属性之中;
Aggahitaggahaṇena, evaṃ pannarase’ritā;
15由于变化移转之故,这些词被解释为缘起。
Vikaraṇavhayā ete, paccayāti vibhāvaye.
4凡依此等所示之变化为因,以及他相应之八种缘起要素,常于经文中多有用处,其中此处所说为色界法。色界诸元素中,有既为有为法又为无为法者。所谓既是有为又无为,即不属于“法所成”及其余等名称中,但属于类似无为色界法的存在。此是因为以否定及断灭等前缀词连结时,本体实为有为色界法,而不属无为色界法。因此,这些色界功用分别可教分为无为与有为二法。
Ye evaṃ niddiṭṭhehi vikaraṇapaccayehi tadaññehi ca sappaccayā aṭṭhavidhā dhātugaṇā suttantesu bahūpakārā, tesvāyaṃ bhūvādigaṇo. Bhū sattāyaṃ, bhūdhātu vijjamānatāyaṃ vattati. Sakammikākammikāsu dhātūsu ayaṃ akammikā dhātu, na pana ‘‘dhammabhūto’’tiādīsu pattiatthavācikā aparā bhūdhātu viya sakammikā. Esā hi pariabhiādīhi upasaggehi yuttāyeva sakammikā bhavati, na upa parā pātuādīhi upasagganipātehi yuttāpi. Ato imissā siddhāni rūpāni dvidhā ñeyyāni akammakapadāni sakammakapadāni cāti.
17单纯施事动词形式说明
Suddhakattukriyāpadaniddesa
5其中有发生、有起始、有共同起、有现前、有增长、有转灭与衰亡现象;有成、有共同成、有增长、有现前、有出现现成等,这些皆属于无为语尾动词词形。其中「现」是语助词,故《现为转灭》等句中「现」字不特指色界本体,也不表能作业者。诸如「抬起」等词首加前缀,则为特定语尾,非能作业者。凡不能与业力相联结者,是为无为词。无为词与有为词,应如实分解其义。诸如「围绕」等词以及加重叠前缀之词,皆为有为语尾词形。此类前缀是色界本体已尽之动词表现,既表示特殊性质,亦是能作业者。凡可与业力相联结者是有为词也。有为词在语法与义理上,与无为词并用时宜分别说明。由此,成为纯净不可作业之法语尾。
Tatra bhavati ubbhavati samubbhavati pabhavati parābhavati sambhavati vibhavati, bhoti sambhoti vibhoti pātubhavati pātubbhavati pātubhoti, imāni akammakapadāni. Ettha pātuiti nipāto, so ‘‘āvibhavati tirobhavatī’’tiādīsu āvi tironipātā viya bhūdhātuto nipphannākhyātasaddassa neva visesakaro, na ca sakammakattasādhako. Uiccādayo upasaggā, te pana visesakarā, na sakammakattasādhakā. Yesamattho kammena sambandhanīyo na hoti, tāni padāni akammakāni. Akammakapadānaṃ yathārahaṃ sakammakākammakavasena attho kathetabbo. Paribhoti paribhavati, abhibhoti abhibhavati, adhibhoti adhibhavati, atibhoti atibhavati, anubhoti anubhavati, samanubhoti samanubhavati, abhisambhoti abhisambhavati, imāni sakammakapadāni. Ettha pariiccādayo upasaggā, te bhūdhātuto nipphannākhyātasaddassa visesakarā ceva sakammakattasādhakā ca. Yesamattho kammena sambandhanīyo, tāni padāni sakammakāni. Sakammakapadānaṃ sakammakavasena attho kathetabbo, kvaci akammakavasenapi. Evaṃ suddhakattukriyāpadāni bhavanti. Uddesoyaṃ.
6其中「有」即是存在,知识、中所指的外观获得。 「发生」是产生,外观获得。 「共同发生」意即共生又产生,外相被感知。 「现前」即成为、发生。或者「现前」指某处粘连而不断灭、始终不散,呈分布。 「衰败」即衰落发生,坏灭成就。 「增长」即正成熟时,增长、茂盛。 「转灭」即削减灭亡,损坏坏灭,尤其是完结。 「成为、发生」等语,是以此等「成为、发生、增长、衰、灭」为同义语辞。从明知、展示、观看、明显等义说起。 「出现、成就」诸词,是以此类同义词用法。此为无为语尾词汇,按无为与有为分述义理解释。这类无为词也存在他处。
Tatra bhavatīti hoti vijjati paññāyati sarūpaṃ labhati. Ubbhavatīti uppajjati sarūpaṃ labhati. Samubbhavatīti samuppajjati sarūpaṃ labhati. Pabhavatīti hoti sambhavati. Atha vā pabhavatīti yato kutoci sandati, na vicchijjati, avicchinnaṃ hoti, taṃ taṃ ṭhānaṃ visarati. Parābhavatīti parābhavo hoti byasanaṃ āpajjati avuddhiṃ pāpuṇāti. Sambhavatīti suṭṭhu bhavati vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjati. Vibhavatīti ucchijjati vinassati vipajjati, visesato vā bhavati sampajjati. Bhoti sambhoti vibhotīti imāni ‘‘bhavati sambhavati vibhavatī’’ti imehi yathākkamaṃ samānaniddesāni. Pātubhavatīti pakāsati dissati paññāyati pākaṭaṃ hoti. Pātubbhavati pātubhotīti imāni ‘‘pātubhavatī’’ti iminā samānaniddesāni. Evaṃ akammakapadānaṃ yathārahaṃ sakammakākammakavasena atthakathanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evamuttaratrāpi aññesampi akammakapadānaṃ.
7在『蔑视双』等七个双组之中,依次各有两个词义相同,因此只取每组两词加以解说。其中:『蔑视』者,伤害、逼迫他人,或轻视、藐视他人也。『压制』者,压覆、踏践他人也。『统御』者,强力压制他人而存在,使他人随己意而转也。『超越』者,超过他人而存在也。『感受』者,领纳苦乐,享用苦乐,成为感知苦乐者也。『充分感受』者,充分领纳苦乐,充分享用苦乐,充分成为感知苦乐者也。『彻底压制』者,压覆、踏践他人也。如此,有宾语之词应依有宾语之方式来解释其义。然于某处,亦可依无宾语之方式解释,如『行进』者,即『运转』之义。于此以后,其余有宾语之词亦依此例。
Paribhotidukādīsu pana sattasu dukesu yathākkamaṃ dve dve padāni samānatthāni, tasmā dve dve padāniyeva gahetvā niddisissāma. Tatra paribhoti paribhavatīti paraṃ hiṃsati pīḷeti, atha vā hīḷeti avajānāti. Abhibhoti abhibhavatīti paraṃ ajjhottharati maddati. Adhibhoti adhibhavatīti paraṃ abhimadditvā bhavati attano vasaṃ vattāpeti. Atibhoti atibhavatīti paraṃ atikkamitvā bhavati. Anubhoti anubhavatīti sukhadukkhaṃ vedeti paribhuñjati sukhadukkhapaṭisaṃvedī hoti. Samanubhoti samanubhavatīti sukhadukkhaṃ suṭṭhu vedeti suṭṭhu paribhuñjati suṭṭhu sukhadukkhapaṭisaṃvedī hoti. Abhisambhoti abhisambhavatīti paraṃ ajjhottharati maddati. Evaṃ sakammakapadānaṃ sakammakavasena atthakathanaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Katthaci pana gacchatīti pavattatīti evaṃ akammakavasenapi. Evamuttaratrāpi aññesaṃ sakammakapadānaṃ.
21因果报中,后者胜过先者,此由存在的因缘等所成。
Apaccayo paro hoti, bhūvādigaṇato sati;
22在清净造作行为之说中,乃依诸法所依之理说。
Suddhakattukriyākhyāne, sabbadhātukanissite.
23这是单纯施事动词形式的说明。
Ayaṃ suddhakattukriyāpadānaṃ niddeso.
24使役施事动词形式说明
Hetukattukriyāpadaniddesa
8『修习』、『明了』、『齐备』、『薰修』,此类为使役主动式动词,应依单宾语方式理解其义。然最后一词亦可依双宾语方式理解。『令薰修』、『令压制』、『令感受』,此类亦为使役主动式动词,应依双宾语方式理解其义。如此,使役主动式动词有此两种,应当了知,其余者亦应依此类推。
Bhāveti vibhāvetisambhāveti paribhāveti, evaṃ hetukattukriyāpadāni bhavanti. Ekakammakavasenesamattho gahetabbo . Pacchimassa pana dvikammakavasenapi. Paribhāvāpeti abhibhāvāpeti anubhāvāpeti, evampi hetukattukriyāpadāni bhavanti. Dvikammakavasenesamattho gahetabbo. Iccevaṃ dvidhā hetukattukriyāpadāni ñeyyāni, aññānipi gahetabbāni.
9其处『bhāveti』指人造作一切所造之法、培植、增益等;『vibhāveti』指造作特定法、以各种方式造作、发展、增长,或破坏、消退;『sambhāveti』指造作某种具足之善法、培养并彰显之;『paribhāveti』指广泛加以培养、增长;依此单行为意当整体取之。又或『paribhāveti』指加以调守、陀守某物,如给之芳香,以致保持。依此双行为意亦当整体取之。『paribhāvāpeti』指人与人之间共加害、伤害,或使衰减、轻视。『abhibhāvāpeti』指人与人间共欺压、欺凌。『anubhāvāpeti』指人与人间共有享用、体验、生活。
Tatra bhāvetīti puggalo bhāvetabbaṃ yaṃ kiñci bhāveti āsevati bahulīkaroti, atha vā bhāvetīti vaḍḍheti. Vibhāvetīti bhāvetabbaṃ yaṃ kiñci vibhāveti visesena bhāveti, vividhena vā ākārena bhāveti bhāvayati vaḍḍheti, atha vā vibhāvetīti abhāveti antaradhāpeti. Sambhāvetīti yassa kassaci guṇaṃ sambhāveti sambhāvayati suṭṭhu pakāseti ukkaṃseti. Paribhāvetīti paribhāvetabbaṃ yaṃ kiñci paribhāveti paribhāvayati samantato vaḍḍheti. Evaṃ ekakammakavasenattho gahetabbo. Atha vā paribhāvetīti vāsetabbaṃ vatthuṃ paribhāveti paribhāvayati vāseti gandhaṃ gāhāpeti. Evaṃ dvikammakavasenāpi attho gahetabbo. Paribhāvāpetīti puggalo puggalena sapattaṃ paribhāvāpeti hiṃsāpeti, atha vā paribhāvāpetīti hīḷāpeti avajānāpeti. Abhibhāvāpetīti puggalo puggalena sapattaṃ abhibhāvāpeti ajjhottharāpeti. Anubhāvāpetīti puggalo puggalena sampattiṃ anubhāvāpeti paribhojeti.
27行为连结于业,如置于相应业中,就如相应行为之基础。
Payutto kattunā yoge, ṭhitoyevāppadhāniye;
28此言『成就行为』,指此处教法的语句为启示之灯。
Kriyaṃ sādheti etassa, dīpakaṃ sāsane padaṃ.
29『成其行为』者,即言语行为本身,因言而能生效。
Karaṇavacanaṃyeva, yebhuyyena padissati;
30此乃详述所成行为之立场,特意为此解说。
Ākhyāte kāritaṭṭhānaṃ, sandhāya kathitaṃ idaṃ.
31非名词性场所,如‘觉者’等,非此义。
Na nāme kāritaṭṭhānaṃ, ‘‘bodhetā’’ itiādikaṃ;
32亦非诸如‘连鼠亦啃食’等类词语。
‘‘Sunakhehipi khādāpenti’’, iccādīni padāni ca;
33善用此言启发之慧者,将其取出彰显其义。
Āharitvāna dīpeyya, payogakusalo budho.
10此处谓之机关言(karaṇavacana),为业义的指示,应当结合习用之词加以说明。如何呢?举例言:『加重』谓人加重人,且复『加重』谓某人加重某人。余者按例当予说明。由此所有依机关及使用言而合成者,皆为业义的指示,故须从两个业根义上加以理解。
Tatridaṃ karaṇavacanaṃ kammatthadīpakaṃ, upayogasāmivacanānipi taddīpakāni yojetabbāni. Kathaṃ? Paribhāvāpetīti puggalo puggalaṃ sapattaṃ paribhāvāpetīti, tathā paribhāvāpetīti puggalo puggalassa sapattaṃ paribhāvāpetīti. Sesāni nayānusārena niddisitabbāni. Evaṃ sabbānetāni karaṇopayogasāmivacanāni kammatthadīpakāniyeva honti, tasmā dvikammakavasenattho gahetabbo.
35这是使役施事动词形式的说明。
Ayaṃ hetukattukriyāpadānaṃ niddeso.
36受事动词形式说明
Kammakriyāpadaniddesa
11“将生、使生、藉生、胜生、受生、被生、主生、使主生、受主生”等,业的行事动词之类,如此众多。若反之亦然。于此应当仅取业行为动词的形式加以运用。不宜使用动词未可获得的形式。
Bhaviyate vibhaviyate paribhaviyate abhibhaviyate anubhaviyate paribhūyate abhibhūyate anubhūyate, evaṃ kammuno kriyāpadāni bhavanti. Aññathā ca bhaviyyate vibhaviyyate paribhaviyyate abhibhaviyyate anubhaviyyate paribhuyyate abhibhuyyate anubhuyyateti. Ettha kammuno kriyāpadāniyeva kammakattuno kriyāpadāni katvā yojetabbāni. Visuñhi kammakattuno kriyāpadāni na labbhanti.
12其中“将生”是指由人所导致、促成、增长。 “使生”是指由人使得、尤其生出多种形态、增长,或灭而消失。 “加重”是指由人加重、伤害。或减轻、轻视。 “胜生”是指由人胜起、提升、带动。 “受生”是指由成就者享受。 “被生”等为三类“加重”等内容的同义说法。余者如前所说,依重要业义抓取字词,称为业义指示。故当某一动词单数命令形式代表多重时,通常动词复数反而呈现单数义;某一动词复数命令形式代表单数时,复数反而表达复数义。如:「比丘尼具足戒得戒」单数命令词形式;「比丘尼众多戒得戒」复数形式;「比丘众戒得戒」单数形式;「比丘众戒得戒」复数形式。由此可知,应当恰当地依上下文内容选择,比如,『比丘尼戒具足』、『比丘戒具足』等等。由此推断,业动态词须作为相应的语法形态运用。至于某业行为动词对应之业义指示,其结构意义为执业之立意。举例如:自加重便是说为人所言恶语,自为说恶语的行为,因对别者施加恶意;自胜生是指为恶业主导者,乃至受恶道受苦者,自为此业承担行为。这里所说“自加重、受加重、主加重”等三者,表达其同义之意。余者如前所述,须根据业义核心来指示行为词。故当业行为词以单数命令形式表多数时,复数则反显单数义;反之亦然。如何?如「比丘尼戒得戒」、「比丘尼诸戒得戒」、「比丘戒得戒」、「比丘诸戒得戒」等。由此规范业行为词的用法。此为使用说明。譬如佛弟子对恶语加重,则乃恶语之行为显现;自为恶业说恶语,则为其主导业果。
Tatra bhaviyateti bhāvetabbaṃ yaṃ kiñci puggalena bhāviyate āseviyate bahulīkariyate, atha vā bhaviyateti vaḍḍhiyate. Vibhaviyateti vibhāvetabbaṃ yaṃ kiñci puggalena vibhaviyate visesena bhaviyate, vividhena vā ākārena bhaviyate vaḍḍhiyate, atha vā vibhaviyateti abhaviyate antaradhāpiyate. Paribhaviyateti sapatto puggalena paribhaviyate hiṃsiyate, atha vā paribhaviyateti hīḷiyate avajāniyate. Abhibhaviyateti sapatto puggalena abhibhaviyate ajjhotthariyate abhimaddiyate. Anubhaviyateti sampatti puggalena anubhaviyate paribhuñjiyate. Paribhūyatetiādīni tīṇi ‘‘paribhaviyate’’tiādīhi tīhi samānaniddesāni. Sesāni pana yathāvuttehi yaṃ kammameva padhānato gahetvā niddisiyati padaṃ, taṃ kammatthadīpakaṃ. Tasmā kattari ekavacanena niddiṭṭhepi yadi kammaṃ bahuvacanavasena vattabbaṃ, bahuvacanantaññeva kammuno kriyāpadaṃ dissati. Yadi panekavacanavasena vattabbaṃ, ekavacanantaññeva. Tathā kattari bahuvacanena niddiṭṭhepi yadi kammaṃ ekavacanavasena vattabbaṃ, ekavacanantaññeva kammuno kriyāpadaṃ dissati. Yadi pana bahuvacanavasena vattabbaṃ, bahuvacanantaññeva. Kathaṃ? Bhikkhunā dhammo bhaviyate, bhikkhunā dhammā bhaviyante, bhikkhūhi dhammo bhaviyate, bhikkhūhi dhammā bhaviyanteti. Iminā nayena sabbattha kammuno kriyāpadesu vohāro kātabbo. Yasmiṃ pana kammuno kriyāpade kammatthadīpake kammabhūtassevatthassa kattubhāvaparikappo hoti, taṃ kammakattutthadīpakaṃ, taṃ kammuno kriyāpadato visuṃ na labbhati. Ayaṃ panettha atthaviññāpane payogaracanā. Sayameva paribhaviyate dubbhāsitaṃ bhaṇaṃ bālo tappaccayā aññehi paribhūtopi, sayameva abhibhaviyate pāpakārī niraye nirayapālehi abhibhūtopi tathārūpassa kammassa sayaṃ katattāti. Ettha hi sayameva pīyate pānīyaṃ, sayameva kaṭo kariyatetiādīsu viya sukhābhisaṅkharaṇīyatā labbhateva, tato kammakattutā ca.
39此为业之动词施设。
Ayaṃ kammuno kriyāpadānaṃ niddeso.
40存在动词施设
Bhāvakriyāpadaniddesa
13“增盛、将生、发生”等,是表述造作之词。反之“多盛、生盛、发生”等也是。此处似用“住”字词作谓语时,形象描写不恰当。同样“增盛”等众词也因意表达,须以造作之义加以诠释。如“住、增”等等,均须以造作之意作为释义。就如“处、立”等词汇与“生”字义的词连用时,会导致误解,不同于造作谓语“增盛、发生”等,与其意义应相符,且依语法构造不能随意连结。于此所述,业动词若依惯用语法型相同且不加造作者,称为业义的指示词。作业词指示者必须以施业者作为中心。审视此处业行为词之意时,如无以施业者做指示,则谓语不成业义。有时结合词义思惟,“住、增盛”等词在业义领域中,其实应搭配施业者之谓语。由此可知“增盛、发生”等词,若用作业者指示词,应用施业者的主语形式。正如真理摘要中,法护师以巴利语言规范义理,佛陀所载法中,对业指示用词往往依主语而定。
Bhūyate bhaviyate ubbhaviyate, evaṃ bhāvassa kriyāpadāni bhavanti. Aññathā ca bhuyyate bhaviyyate ubbhaviyyateti. Tatra yathā ṭhīyatepadassa ṭhānanti bhāvavasena atthakathanamicchanti, evaṃ bhūyatetiādīnampi bhavanantiādinā bhāvavasena atthakathanamicchitabbaṃ. Yathā ca ṭhānaṃ ṭhiti bhavanantiādīhi bhāvavācakakitantanāmapadehi saddhiṃ sambandhe chaṭṭhiyojanamicchanti, na tathā ṭhīyate bhūyatetiādīhi bhāvavācakākhyātapadehi saddhiṃ sambandhe chaṭṭhiyojanā icchitabbā sambandhe pavattachaṭṭhiyantasaddehi asambandhanīyattā ākhyātikapadānaṃ. Yasmiṃ payoge yaṃ kammuno kriyāpadena samānagatikaṃ katvā vinā kammena niddisiyati kriyāpadaṃ, kattuvācakapadaṃ pana paccattavacanena vā karaṇavacanena vā niddisiyati, taṃ tattha bhāvatthadīpakaṃ. Na hi sabbathā kattāramanissāya bhāvo pavattati. Evaṃ santepi bhāvo nāma kevalo bhavanalavanapacanādiko dhātuatthoyeva. Akkharacintakā pana ‘‘ṭhīyate bhūyate’’tiādīsu bhāvavisayesu karaṇavacanameva payuñjanti ‘‘nanu nāma pabbajitena sunivatthena bhavitabbaṃ supārutena ākappasampannenā’’tiādīsu viya, tasmā tesaṃ mate ‘‘tena ubbhaviyate’’ti karaṇavacanena yojetabbaṃ. Jinamatena pana ‘‘so bhūyate’’tiādinā paccattavacaneneva. Saccasaṅkhepappakaraṇe hi dhammapālācariyena, niddesapāḷiyaṃ pana dhammasenāpatinā, dhajaggasuttante bhagavatā ca bhāvapadaṃ paccattavacanāpekkhavasenu’ccāritaṃ.
42在真理摘要中,对单数谓语之使用作了规定,
Kathito saccasaṅkhepe, paccattavacanena ve,
43‘增盛’一词,其关系是表造作含意的指示。
‘‘Bhūyate’’ iti saddassa, sambandho bhāvadīpano.
44「形色」者,分开且分散消散之义。
Niddesapāḷiyaṃ ‘‘rūpaṃ, vibhoti vibhaviyyati’’;
45如此所见者,亦是针对各人而言坚定不移的说法。
Iti dassanato vāpi, paccattavacanaṃ thiraṃ.
46如《旃檀华经》中,圣者所说:
Tathā dhajaggasuttante, munināhaccabhāsite;
47『彼将舍弃』之说,也是巴利文所示之意。
‘‘So pahīyissati’’ iti, pāḷidassanatopi ca.
48由波罗蜜体验而言,如王后于其身上的显现。
Pāramitānubhāvena, mahesīnaṃva dehato;
49存在着消灭,非如萨咖等众那般言说之实在。
Santi nipphādanā, neva, sakkatādivaco viya.
50仅以亲证观察为准,为人事作出衡量和判断;
Paccattadassaneneva, purisattayayojanaṃ;
51无论是单数形式抑或复数形式;
Ekavacanikañcāpi, bahuvacanikampi ca;
52都是该做的事情,不可容忍违背,诸如他人脚步等的情况;
Kātabbamiti no khanti, parassapadaādike.
14因此『色』得以彰显,各种色随之彰显,你彰显,你们彰显,我彰显,我们彰显,色得以彰显,各种色得以彰显,以上皆应依据意欲等说法适切组合。此处针对词义精确辨析——
Tasmā rūpaṃ vibhaviyyati, rūpāni vibhaviyyanti, tvaṃ vibhaviyyasi, tumhe vibhaviyyatha, ahaṃ vibhaviyyāmi, mayaṃ vibhaviyyāma, rūpaṃ vibhaviyyate, rūpāni vibhaviyyante iccevamādi jinavacanānurūpato yojetabbaṃ. Atrāyaṃ padasodhanā –
54『彰显』此词,与业报用语相同;
Vibhaviyyatīti idaṃ, kammapadasamānakaṃ;
55但既非业报本身,也非业作用等意义。
Na ca kammapadaṃ nāpi, kammakattupadādikaṃ.
56若此为业支语句,然则应视为个别事例而言;
Yadi kammapadaṃ etaṃ, paccattavacanaṃ pana;
57业应如灯光般照示而发出作用,称为引导业因果之语;
Kammaṃ dīpeyya karaṇa-vacanaṃ kattudīpakaṃ.
58若此为业作为之语句,如同‘被喜悦’一辞;
Yadi kammakattupadaṃ, ‘‘pīyate’’ti padaṃ viya;
59可视为该业之果,非本业本身,如此如彼而得以明示;
Siyā sakammakaṃ, netaṃ, tathā hotīti dīpaye.
60若此为作为语句,当视其为表现业力之词;
Yadi kattupadaṃ etaṃ, vibhavatipadaṃ viya;
61若无一定条件而独立存在,此语则不可成立,如理非理皆是如此。
Vinā yapaccayaṃ tiṭṭhe, na tathā tiṭṭhate idaṃ.
62非属于众生的本源者,及其类集,乃是因缘所成。
Na kattari bhuvādīnaṃ, gaṇe yapaccayo ruto;
63诸天及天空诸众,亦以功能而成。
Divādīnaṃ gaṇeyeva, kattari samudīrito.
64非土地及其本质,诸界中未见有此集体;
Na bhūdhātu divādīnaṃ, dhātūnaṃ dissate gaṇe;
65唯有世界、基础、大地诸界,方见其类集合。
Bhūvādikacurādīnaṃ, gaṇesuyeva dissati.
66‘必将灭亡’是意向,故名因缘存在;
‘‘Vibhaviyyati’’ iccādo, tasmā yapaccayo pana;
67当知此是造作过程,思考有智者与正知者所能了知。
Bhāveyevāti viññeyyaṃ, viññunā samayaññunā.
68在这里,明确示现,标示为能生起者的特征;
Ettha hi pākaṭaṃ katvā, bhāvakārakalakkhaṇaṃ;
69现在我当为你再现,请专心而令我开示。
Dassayissāmahaṃ dāni, sakkaccaṃ me nibodhatha.
70所谓『三者行进』者,是行者对行者所行的地步;
‘‘Tisso gacchati’’iccatra, kattāraṃ kattuno padaṃ;
71所谓『法被宣说』者,是业对业者的次第。
‘‘Dhammo desiyati’’ccatra, kammaṃ tu kammuno padaṃ.
72两者俱以相似的形相显现,因此你当知二者都是明确的;
Sarūpato pakāseti, tasmā te pākaṭā ubho;
73但『如此得以转变』此语,为初始发生的地步之义。
Tathā vibhaviyyatīti-ādibhāvapadaṃ pana.
74以形相而言,不能显发,谓之『造作』者。
Sarūpato na dīpeti, kārakaṃ bhāvanāmakaṃ;
75实作则是创造者,形相具现。
Dabbabhūtaṃ tu kattāraṃ, pakāseti sarūpato.
76至于显发创造者者,亦依于造作,
Kattāraṃ pana dīpentaṃ, kattusannissitampi taṃ;
77自身相生显发其存在,因缘所分显。
Bhāvaṃ dīpeti svākāro, paccayena vibhāvito.
78因造作本性,所谓存在不常住,
Yasmā ca kattubhāvena, bhāvo nāma na tiṭṭhati;
79唯有依造作本性,存在才得以立于此处。
Kattāva kattubhāvena, bhāvaṭṭhāne ṭhito tato.
80若作此等行为,应如何产生其义?
Yajjevaṃ kattuvohāro, bhāvassa tu kathaṃ siyā;
81在诸如『比丘集会曾现』等语中亦如是。
‘‘Sāvakānaṃ sannipāto, ahosi’’itiādisu.
82若视为依附,乃因所依而生;
Iti ce nissayānaṃ tu, vasā nissitasambhavā;
83即便在行为确立之处,行为之名亦由此生出。
Kattuṭṭhānepi bhāvassa, kattupaññatti sijjhati.
84如同在行为动因与行为之间,因行为而生其相;
Kārake kattukammavhe, kriyāsannissaye yathā;
85持于座具而起,如此谓之行为之所依。
Dhārentī āsanathālī, kriyādhāroti kappitā.
86如是,智者谓此为涵义之途,谓造作之所依赖;
Tathā bhāvapadaṃ dhīrā, kattāraṃ bhāvanissayaṃ;
87此义既宣扬,亦生于涵义,故称为涵义之表示。
Dīpayantampi kappenti, bhāvassa vācakaṃ iti.
88有些人因无适当的表达,便专指涵义本身;
Keci adabbabhūtassa, bhāvassekattato bravuṃ;
89谓涵义犹如以单一言语而言说之人一般。
Bhāvedekavacovādi-purisasseva hotiti.
90但细究其巴利语句,则言辞无有过失;
Pāḷiṃ patvāna tesaṃ tu, vacanaṃ appamāṇakaṃ;
91谓 ‘‘此等习气污秽之法,当将遗弃’’ 确为故意言说之意。
‘‘Te saṃkilesikā dhammā, pahīyissanti’’ iti hi.
92经文中所见之文句,故如是说,
Pāṭho pāvacane diṭṭho, tasmā evaṃ vademase;
93仅凭个人的实际观察,人们方能建立信念。
Paccattadassaneneva, purisattayayojanaṃ.
94言语须辅以两种条件,不能仅凭好恶随意而为;
Vacanehi yutaṃ dvīhi, icchitabbanti no ruci;
95所谓的「造意行使」乃是语法学中难以翻译的巴利词,
Bhāve kriyāpadaṃ nāma, pāḷiyaṃ atiduddasaṃ;
96因此这便是正确断别方法,于我曾如此说过。
Tasmā taggahaṇūpāyo, vutto ettāvatā mayāti.
97此为存在之动词施设。
Ayaṃ bhāvassa kriyāpadānaṃ niddeso.
15如是,谓清净造作语助词、因果造作语助词、业造作语助词、意蕴造作语助词均属四类;又依业造作语助词可分五类,其所成语助词存在多种表现形态,各有差异,已经详加阐述,以明众生界中意蕴和词性之差别。然从义理而言,依业的造作性质有三种。因果造作者,谓具清净之因缘,谓趋于相聚;同样业造作,指向造业之因;意蕴一者纯为存在。意蕴杂多,若论行为、动向、欢爱等多样功能,不受差别之限。虽如此,因依物质与食物之异,仍有异别。故文中复见意蕴表意语多复数形。谓谓词之行使与义理之表达系依语义而流转,而意蕴本身无固有因果性。意蕴者既无造作因,亦非行为之缘。行为以及缘起作用之所在谓之造作因,即因缘标志。本质上,因果或意蕴均无因缘标志故不为作因。虽如此,因果之存在稍似作因而称为因,但意蕴仅为作用状态,无标志因果。于是,作业乃作业之因,所谓造作因。作业即为行,作因与行即是意蕴之作因。意蕴仅为行为缘起之状态标记,故语法中不以作因名义表示意蕴作用。语法术语弃用以因果名义称作意蕴,转以造作、因缘、作因名义辨别,所以叫语业内有意蕴型与作业型因果二义,如上所述。此中,谓词之做作体为作因。动词为行为,且行为即为造作因。故意蕴之作因观当如此辨析。因缘为行为之因,以语法规范为基,作因与行为通用。因缘作因者,即为谓词本义,周天细致辨析乃至建立三要素:「意蕴作因」、「行为作因」与「谓词作因」。
Evaṃ suddhakattukriyāpadāni hetukattukriyāpadāni kammuno kriyāpadāni, bhāvassa kriyāpadāni cāti catudhā, kammakattukriyāpadehi vā pañcadhā bhūdhātuto nipphannāni kriyāpadāni nānappakārena niddiṭṭhāni, etāni lokiyānaṃ bhāvabhedavasena vohārabhedo hotīti dassanatthaṃ visuṃ visuṃ vuttāni. Atthato pana kammakattubhāvakārakattayavasena tividhāneva. Hetukattā hi suddhakattusaṅkhāte kārake tassaṅgabhāvato saṅgahamupagacchati, tathā kammakattā kammakārake, bhāvo pana kevalo. So hi gamanapacanalavanādivasenānekavidhopi kriyāsabhāvattā bhedarahito kārakantaro. Evaṃ santepi dabbasannissitattā dabbabhedena bhijjati. Tena pāvacane bhāvavācakaṃ padaṃ bahuvacanantampi dissati. Ākhyātikapade bhāvakārakavohāro niruttinayaṃ nissāya gato, atthato pana bhāvassa kārakatā nupapajjati. So hi na kiñci janeti, na ca kriyāya nimittaṃ. Kriyānimittabhāvoyeva hi kārakalakkhaṇaṃ. Iti mukhyato vā hetuto vā bhāvassa kārakatā na labbhati. Evaṃ santepi so karaṇamattattā kārakaṃ. Tathā hi karaṇaṃ kāro, kriyā, tadeva kārakanti bhāvassa kārakatā daṭṭhabbā. Yasmā pana kriyānimittabhāvoyeva kārakalakkhaṇaṃ, tasmā nāmikapade kārakalakkhaṇe bhāvakārakanti vohāraṃ pahāya kattukammakaraṇasampadānāpādānādhikaraṇānaṃ channaṃ vatthūnaṃ kattukārakakammakārakantiādi vohāro kariyati veyyākaraṇehi. Evaṃ niruttinayaṃ nissāya vuttaṃ bhāvakārakañca dve ca kammakattukārakānīti kārakattayaṃ bhavati. Taddīpakañcākhyātikapadaṃ tikārakaṃ.
99针对这个义理而说,即便是对老师所说的,
Imamatthañhi sandhāya, vuttamācariyehipi;
100借助于精密的详细解释,以及用语言表达的著述等,
Mahāveyyākaraṇehi, niruttinayadassibhi.
101所说的是:『那种三者兼备的,作为动作和言语三者的标记;『,』102『:』那种特征明显的二词组合,这便被称为三标记』。
‘‘Yaṃ tikālaṃ tipurisaṃ, kriyāvāci tikārakaṃ;
102超越性别,用于两数,凡与之相应之动词,皆称为此。
Atiliṅgaṃ dvivacanaṃ, tadākhyātanti vuccatī’’ti.
16这里在造作行为中,有些词汇由词根组成的本体产生差异,而由此导致要表达的意思有所不足。对于这些差异,根据诸种意见分辨,造作行为中词根的分别,以其本体产生的差异为依据,并予以说明。所有这些称为三标记的动作词,都是构成词汇语法词类的主要部分,必须依赖于他词的本体产生差异加以结合。在巴利及其他语中,三标记的动作词依照本体差异作双重分类。举例说明:世尊住在舍卫城时,善于生起禅定的人们,敬礼这位世间导师。被称为愚者的是无明;深入了解其义理者被称为智者。如何表现入道者的形象而得到区分,是这样:脱去旧衣服时,表达着褴褛的状态;燃烧时显现热烈;礼拜者获得供养。子女求乞时,能够得到这样一段话。粥被称为此类供养,诸天梵天前已备具这种形式,即使脱去与否,都属于双重状态。这就是巴利文义理的详细说明——
Idha bhāvakammesu attanopaduppattiṃ keci akkharacintakā avassamicchantīti tesaṃ mativibhāvanatthamamhehi bhāvakammānaṃ kriyāpadāni attanopadavasenuddiṭṭhāni ceva niddiṭṭhāni ca. Sabbānipi panetāni tikārakāni kriyāpadāni kriyāpadamālamicchatā parassapadattanopadavasena yojetabbāni. Pāḷiādīsu hi tikārakāni kriyāpadāni parassapadattanopadavasena dvidhā ṭhitāni. Seyyathidaṃ? Bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati. Samādhijjhānakusalā, vandanti lokanāyakaṃ. Monaṃ vuccati ñāṇaṃ. Atthābhisamayā dhīro, paṇḍitoti pavuccati. Kathaṃ paṭipannassa puggalassa rūpaṃ vibhoti vibhaviyyati. So pahīyissati. Paṇḍukambale nikkhittaṃ bhāsate tapate. Pūjako labhate pūjaṃ. Puttakāmā thiyo yācaṃ, labhante tādisaṃ sutaṃ. Asito tādi vuccate sabrahmā. Aggijādi pubbeva bhūyate. So pahīyethāpi no pahīyethāti evaṃ dvidhā ṭhitāni. Atridaṃ pāḷivavatthānaṃ –
104三标记全部归属于动作词的总集合;
Tikārakāni sabbāni, kriyāpadāni pāyato;
105借他人成文的方式,从而显现于经藏之中。
Parassapadayogena, dissanti piṭakattaye.
106自身所作所用的,则真实存在于所选的章节之中;
Attanopadayuttāni, cuṇṇiyesu padesu hi;
107在过度扩展的偈颂中,也有诸多词句。
Atīvappāni gāthāsu, padānīti bahūni tu.
108偈颂中是精炼的词句,在所选章节中也是如此;
Gāthāsu cevitarāni, cuṇṇiyesu padesu ca;
109就如同诸多词句聚集成文,从而显现出来,这一点说明得很明白。
Subahūneva hutvāna, dissantīti pakāsaye.
17词句的说明当依其结尾等各自语义相应连接。如此,译注者应了解词句不仅要形似,且要自内容与义理上详细解释与说明。
Padānaṃ niddeso panati antiādīnaṃ tesaṃ tesaṃ vacanānamanurūpena yojetabbo. Evaṃ tikārakakriyāpadāni sarūpato vavatthānato niddesato ca veditabbāni.
18现在我们说的是对存在的界不可依止行为等的断尽。
Idāni nopasaggākammikādivasena bhavatissa dhātussa vinicchayaṃ vadāma –
112无依止者为无为,有依止者为有为;
Nopasaggā akammā ca, sopasaggā akammikā;
113有依止者即有为,至此真理被分别开显。
Sopasaggā sakammā ca, iti bhūti vibhāvitā.
114这“由法所成”等语句,
Idaṃ tu vacanaṃ ‘‘dhamma-bhūto bhutvā’’tiādisu;
115是为着了知现境的缘故,我将其区别后加以论述。
Pattānubhavanatthaṃ me, vivajjetvā udīritaṃ.
116凭借此义,断除依止之为有为者;
Etena pana atthena, nopasaggasakammikaṃ;
117承取后有四种情况,应当明了其特殊分别。
Gahetvā catudhā hoti, iti ñeyyaṃ visesato.
118非亲近者虽无业果,亲近者则有业果。
Nopasaggā akammā ca, sopasaggā akammikā;
119以地界作为前提时,确实存在单一业。
Bhūdhātu kārite sante, ekakammā bhavanti hi.
120“修习善法,分辨解析”为此所说。
‘‘Bhāveti kusalaṃ dhammaṃ, vibhāvetī’’timānidha;
121应由智者及教法通达者在此教法中示现。
Dassetabbāni viññūhi, sāsanaññūhi sāsane.
122亲近者及有业者,因业已成而存有缘起。
Sopasaggā sakammā tu, kāritappaccaye sati;
123仅有两种行为,这是应当被智慧者所知的缘由。
Dvikammāyeva hotīti, ñātabbaṃ viññunā kathaṃ.
124男子们称作主宰一切的个体,其所支配者即是生命本体;
Abhibhāventi purisā, purise pāṇajātikaṃ;
125男子们感受并体验自身的幸福与果报,即谓男子的功德和成果。
Anubhāveti puriso, sampattiṃ purisaṃ iti.
126此称为已作之业,彼谓为未作之业,
Idaṃ sakammakaṃ nāma, akammakamidaṃ iti;
127此义当如何为人所知?不必详加展开方可讲述。
Kathamamhehi ñātabbaṃ, vitthārena vadetha no.
128因为详尽展开实无必要,只需从此单一角度说明即可。
Vitthāreneva kiṃ vattuṃ, sakkomi ekadesato;
129我当简明扼要地说,请你们听闻我所说并理解。
Kathayissāmi sakkaccaṃ, vadato me nibodhatha.
130所谓已说的词,有两种不同的展开方式;
Ākhyātikapadaṃ nāma, duvidhaṃ samudīritaṃ;
131智慧者将其分辨为已经完成的业与正在完成的业。
Sakammakamakammañca, iti viññū vibhāvaye.
132其中在用法上,以该词构成的行为为准;
Tatra yassa payogamhi, padassa kattunā kriyā;
133如果没有产生作用,则不称为已经完成的业。
Nipphāditā vinā kammaṃ, na hoti taṃ sakammakaṃ.
134因说『成熟』者,是指经由某种众生而成就的。
‘‘Pacatī’’ti hi vutte tu, yena kenaci jantunā;
135「煮饭」或「其他任何食物」之意,当中含义可被知晓。
Odanaṃ vā panaññaṃ vā, kiñci vatthunti ñāyati.
136但凡某一行为无因果作用者,该行为于契机之中无所作为;
Yassa pana payogamhi, kammena rahitā kriyā;
137对此则说知为「无作」;应当断除此等。
Padassa ñāyate etaṃ, akammakanti tīraye.
138有人曾说『天达多仍在』,何人发此言?
‘‘Tiṭṭhati devadatto’’ti, vutte kenaci jantunā;
139此处如同一固定之所在,实为业所造,无有任何。
Ṭhānaṃva buddhivisayo, kammabhūtaṃ na kiñcipi.
140该行为果位由此,行为之主及行为本身俱在其中。
Sakammakapadaṃ tattha, kattāraṃ kammameva ca;
141应当恰当地说明,这样明智的人能够辨别解释的道理。
Pakāseti yathāyoga-miti viññū vibhāvaye.
142「食物熟了便可食用,食物自然而熟」;
‘‘Odanaṃ pacati poso, odano paccate sayaṃ’’;
143此为应当理解的例证,即使未明说,此理亦不可违反。
Iccudāharaṇā ñeyyā, avuttepi ayaṃ nayo.
144不作业的字句,是指造作的主体与其内涵;
Akammakapadaṃ nāma, kattāraṃ bhāvameva ca;
145因为明白此义,故此为智慧的标记。
Yathārahaṃ pakāseti, iti dhīropalakkhaye.
146主体谓「止」与「立」这两个字,表示修习的名称。
Kattāraṃ ‘‘tiṭṭhati’’ccatra, sūceti bhāvanāmakaṃ;
147于『被侍奉』一词中,未明言者亦依此例推之。
‘‘Upaṭṭhīyati’’ iccatra, avuttepi ayaṃ nayo.
148如是作业的业,智慧者当了知而相应。
Evaṃ sakammakākammaṃ, ñatvā yojeyya buddhimā;
149还应明白三业,即行为、言语与意念,行事时应有念。
Tikammakañca jāneyya, karādo kārite sati.
150『黄金手环与男子,令人制作之』,此句亦为例证。
‘‘Suvaṇṇaṃ kaṭakaṃ poso, kāreti purisa’’nti ca;
151又如『男子载运男子去乡村或车马上』之义;
‘‘Puriso purise gāmaṃ, rathaṃ vāheti’’iccapi.
152在此事理上,该法则不可得成就。
Ettha bhavatidhātumhi, nayo eso na labbhati;
153于是如同存在两个业的说法一样,此处的词义也得以详细释明。
Tasmā dvikammakaññeva, padamettha vibhāvitaṃ.
154所谓『已尽』此名称,在巴利文中并不显现;
Ediso ca nayo nāma, pāḷiyaṃ tu na dissati;
155只有在某些见解中,才由我作如是说明。
Ekaccānaṃ mateneva, mayā evaṃ pakāsito.
156此处的经文云:「国王安立诸多不同业因,
Ettha ca ‘‘tamenaṃ rājā, vividhā kammakāraṇā;
157若有人诵读此句,教义则不清楚。」
Kārāpetī’’ti yo pāṭho, niddese taṃ suniddise.
158将『人类的』此词引出,经文整体则需智慧而通达解说。
‘‘Manussehī’’ti āharitvā, pāṭhasesaṃ sumedhaso;
159由『甚至令狗咬食』此文例之显示可知。
‘‘Sunakhehipi khādāpenti’’, iti pāṭhassa dassanā.
160了解此种方法者,应依照经文内容进行联结。
Etaṃ nayaṃ vidū ñatvā, yoje pāṭhānurūpato;
161『黄金首饰富丽,男子所佩』之言。
‘‘Suvaṇṇaṃ kaṭakaṃ poso, kāreti puriseni’’ti.
162因词义分析的缘故,此处乃直接说此义。
Vikaraṇappaccayāva, vuttā ettha sarūpato;
163依各类别逐一为他们说明,以便使义讲明清楚。
Sagaṇe sagaṇe tesaṃ, vuttiṃ dīpetumeva ca.
164『此一类别当中,此元素存在』,这是由诸位智者所明知的。
‘‘Asmiṃ gaṇe ayaṃ dhātu, hotī’’ti tehi viññuno;
165唯有通过他种知识的条件,不能令他人觉知。
Viññāpetuñca aññehi, ñāpanā paccayehi na.
166实则,作为心识业的依止,所建立的条件是这样;
Tathā hi bhāvakammesu, vihito paccayo tu yo;
167八类元素群中的一群,在此条件下相应现起。
Aṭṭhavidhepi dhātūnaṃ, gaṇasmiṃ sampavattati.
168于物质元素中色法,为觉耳不惑而成,
Bhūdhātujesu rūpesu, asammohāya sotunaṃ;
169有多种流转方式,由我于此处所揭示。
Nānāvidho nayo evaṃ, mayā ettha pakāsito.
170世间那些微细缀合,分别各种变异称谓之声闻者,独自存在者,
Ye loke appayuttā vividhavikaraṇākhyātasaddesvachekā,
171因此,智者虽具通达之语,却不陷于迷乱;
Te patvākhyātasadde avigatavimatī honti ñāṇīpi tasmā;
172智者心志坚定,极为专注,勤于该教法的利益奉行,坚固不移;
Accantaññeva dhīro saparahitarato sāsane daḷhapemo,
173他们应当在禀受此种教法时,更加孜孜以求,深入精进,了知过往境界。
Yogaṃ tesaṃ payoge paṭutaramatitaṃ patthayāno kareyya.
174如是于九分具注疏之三藏中,于诸异门
Iti navaṅge sāṭṭhakathe piṭakattaye byappathagatīsu
175为诸智者之善巧故,所作声明论典中
Viññūnaṃ kosallatthāya kate saddanītippakaraṇe
176名为有词缀动词分别
Savikaraṇākhyātavibhāgo nāma
177第一章。
Paṭhamo paricchedo.