4. 无间缘
4. 无间缘
4. Anantarapaccayo
1什么是无间缘呢?在紧邻的[前一]刹那灭去的一切种类的心和心所法是无间缘。
Katamo anantarapaccayo. Anantare khaṇe niruddho citta cetasikadhammasamūho anantarapaccayo.
2什么是无间缘的缘生法呢?在紧随的[下一]刹那生起的一切种类的心和心所法就是它的缘生法。
Katamo dhammo anantarapaccayassa paccayuppanno. Pacchime anantare eva khaṇe uppanno cittacetasikadhammasamūho tassa paccayassa paccayuppanno.
3应该提到“在一期存有(bhava,生命)中,结生心是第一个有分心的无间缘,第一个有分心是第二个有分心的无间缘”等等。
Ekasmiṃ bhave paṭisandhicittaṃ paṭhamabhavaṅgacittassa anantara paccayo, paṭhama bhavaṅgacittaṃ dutiyabhavaṅgacittassa anantarapaccayotiādinā vattabbo.
4从“法双”(Dhammayamaka) 中所说的“净居天的第二不善心”[可知],缘取那有情自己新的自体(atta-bhāva),产生“这是我的,这是我,这是我的自我”[的想法],[即]生起了欲求存有(生命)的贪俱行心。那时,先是有分波动两次,接着意门转向心生起,然后欲求存有的七个速行生起,之后是有分的阶段。
Yadā pana dhammayamake suddhāvāsānaṃ dutiye akusale citte vattamāneti vuttanayena tassa sattassa attano abhinavaṃ attabhāvaṃ ārabbha etaṃ mama esohamasmi eso me attāti pavattaṃ bhavanikantika taṇhāsahagatacittaṃ uppajjati. Tadā paṭhamaṃ dvikkhattuṃ bhavaṅgaṃ calati. Tato manodvārāvajjanacittaṃ uppajjati. Tato satta bhavanikantikajavanāni uppajjanti. Tato paraṃ bhavaṅgavāro.
5那时该有情 对当下的存有(当生)一无所知,仍在忆念前一存有(上一生)时自己所经历的所缘。然而,[心]处太弱,[该有情无法清楚地思惟所缘,因此]那所缘是不明晰的,缘取它只是时常生起掉举俱行的心。
Api ca so satto tadā paccuppannabhave kiñci na jānāti, pubbabhave attanā anubhūtaṃ ārammaṇaṃ anussaramāno acchati. Vatthussa pana atidubbalattā tañca ārammaṇaṃ aparibyattameva hoti. Taṃ ārabbha uddhaccasahagatacittameva bahulaṃ pavattati.
6胎儿逐渐长大,两个多月过去后,眼等诸根发育完全。即便如此,母胎中不存在光等诸缘,眼识等四种识无法生起,只有身识和意识生起。母亲翻身等等[改变]身体姿势的时候,胎儿会经受诸多的苦忧,出生时又承受许多的苦。出生后,由于依处色娇嫩,尚未达到圆熟,他只能虚弱地保持仰卧。他还不能识知任何当下的所缘,他的心识大多只是跟随着前一存有(上一生)。如果他从地狱存有(生命)而来,他会时常浮现出痛苦的面容,因为[仍]在刹那刹那地识知之前地狱的所缘;如果从天界来,他通常面容明净,脸带微笑,因为[仍]在刹那刹那地识知天界的所缘。
Yadā gabbho thokaṃ vaḍḍhamāno hoti atirekadvemāsaṃ gato, tadā cakkhādīni indriyāni paripuṇṇāni honti. Evaṃ santepi mātugabbhe ālokādīnaṃ paccayānaṃ abhāvato cakkhuviññāṇādīni cattāri viññāṇāni nuppajjanti, kāyaviññāṇamanoviññāṇāni eva uppajjanti. So satto mātuyā iriyāpathaparivattanādīsu bahūni dukkhadomanassāni paccanubhoti. Vijāyanakāle pana bhusaṃ dukkhaṃ nigacchatiyeva. Vijāyitvāpi yāva vatthurūpāni mudūni honti, paripākaṃ na gacchanti, tāva so atimandarūpo uttānaseyyako hutvā acchati. Na kiñci paccuppannaṃ ārammaṇaṃ sallakkheti. Yebhuyyena purima bhavānusārī eva tassa viññāṇaṃ hoti. Sace so niraya bhavato āgato hoti, so virūpamukhabahulo hoti. Purimāni nirayārammaṇāni ārabbha khaṇe khaṇe virūpamukhamassa paññāyati. Atha devalokato āgato hoti, dibbāni ārammaṇāni ārabbha vippasannamukhabahulo hoti, khaṇe khaṇe mihitamukhamassa paññāyati.
7随着诸依处色变得敏锐、发育成熟,诸识非常清楚地生起。那时,色法变得强壮,他可以欢喜、开心地游戏玩乐。他观察当下的所缘,观察母亲说话。[他的]诸识几乎都跟随着这个世间生起,他便忘失了前生。
Yadā pana vatthurūpāni tikkhāni honti, paripākaṃ gacchanti. Viññāṇāni cassa suvisadāni pavattanti. Tadā amandarūpo hutvā kīḷanto līḷanto modanto pamodanto acchati. Paccuppanne ārammaṇāni sallakkheti. Mātubhāsaṃ sallakkheti. Idha lokānusārī viññāṇamassa bahulaṃ pavattati. Purimajātiṃ pamussati.
8是否一切有情都在此阶段忘失前生呢?并非一切有情都在这个阶段忘却[前生]。有些深为住胎之苦所折磨,他们在母胎中就忘掉了[前生];有些在出生时;有些在这个阶段忘失;有些此后到年轻时都还记得,只在年老时才淡忘;有些只要活着就不会忘记。也有能忆念二三生的人,这些称为“忆念前生的有情”(jātissara-satta)。
Kiṃ pana sabbopi satto imasmiṃ ṭhāne eva purimaṃ jātiṃ pamussatīti ce. Na sabbopi satto imasmiṃ ṭhāne eva pamussati. Koci atirekataraṃ gambhavāsadukkhena paripīḷito gabbhe eva pamussati. Koci vijāyanakāle, koci imasmiṃ ṭhāne pamussati. Koci itoparampi daharakāle na pamussati. Vuḍḍhakāle eva pamussati. Koci yāvajīvaṃpi na pamussati. Dve tayo bhave anussarantopi atthiyeva. Ime jātissarasattā nāma honti.
9[继续前文所说。]从出生时开始,六门心路就能生起,[但只有]在能够识知当下所缘后,六门心路才可以完全地运作。一切前前不间断灭去之心是后后不间断生起之心的无间缘。无始的轮回以来,这无间缘贯穿有情的整个相续,唯有在有情证得阿拉汉道、得达蕴般涅槃时,那相续才断绝。
Tattha vijāyanakālato paṭṭhāya chadvārikavīthicittāni pavattanti. Paccuppannārammaṇaṃ sallakkhaṇato paṭṭhāya chadvārikavīthi cittāni paripuṇṇāni pavattanti. Sabbatthapi purimaṃ purimaṃ anantare niruddhaṃ cittaṃ pacchimassa pacchimassa anantare uppannassa cittassa anantara paccayo hoti. Ayañca anantarapaccayo nāma anamatagge saṃsāre ekassa sattassa ekappabandho eva hoti. Yadā satto arahatta maggaṃ labhitvā khandhaparinibbānaṃ pāpuṇāti, tadā eva so pabandho chijjati.
10以何义为无间,以何义为缘?以使得类似于自己的另一法紧随自己生起之义,故为无间;以支助之义,故为缘。在此,“类似于自己(attasadisa)”指以有所缘的本性而与自己相似。“有所缘的本性”(sārammaṇa-bhāva)指那法要是没有所缘就不会生起,这称为“有所缘”(sārammaṇa),如此为“有所缘的本性”。“另一法生起”(dhammantarassa uppādana)指前心灭去时,那心的行为力却没有止息,使得后心生起后才止息,如此为“后面的另一法生起”。
Kenaṭṭhena anantaro, kenaṭṭhena paccayoti. Attano anantare attasadisassa dhammantarassa uppādanaṭṭhena anantaro, upakārakaṭṭhena paccayo. Tattha attasadisassāti sārammaṇa bhāvena attanā sadisassa. Sārammaṇabhāvenāti ca yo dhammo ārammaṇena vinā na pavattati, so sārammaṇo nāma, evaṃ sārammaṇabhāvena. Dhammantarassa uppādanaṭṭhenāti purimasmiṃ citte niruddhepi tassa cintanakiriyāvego na vūpasammati, pacchimaṃ cittaṃ uppādetvā eva vūpasammati, evaṃ pacchimassa dhammantarassa uppādanaṭṭhena.
11在此应该了解,一连串的无间缘如同前前的一连串母亲,那一连串的缘生法则好比后后的一连串女儿。如此,阿拉汉般涅槃时的最后的心[是否]应该也会使得称为结生心的另一法生起呢?不会!为什么呢?因为那时一切业和烦恼的推动力都已完全止息,那心是究竟的寂静。无间缘释义结束。
Tattha purimā purimā mātuparamparā viya anantarapaccayaparamparā daṭṭhabbā. Pacchimā pacchimā dhītuparamparā viya tassa paccayuppannaparamparā daṭṭhabbā. Evaṃ sante arahantānaṃ sabbapacchimaṃ parinibbānacittampi puna paṭisandhicittasaṅkhātaṃ dhammantaraṃ uppādeyyāti. Na uppādeyya. Kasmā, tadā kammakilesavegānaṃ sabbaso paṭippassaddhibhāvena accantasantatarattā tassa cittassāti. Anantarapaccaya dīpanā niṭṭhitā.