阿含义注之造作
阿含注疏的编撰
Āgamaṭṭhakathākaraṇaṃ
1名为《吉祥光明》的长部注疏,是由居于吉祥园中的长老达谛那阿阇梨请求而作。据此因由传述如下——
Sumaṅgalavilāsiniṃ nāma dīghanikāyaṭṭhakathaṃ pana ācariyo sumaṅgalapariveṇavāsinā dāṭhānāgattherena āyācito akāsi. Vuttaṃ hetametissā nigamane –
2『请求者乃是居于吉祥园、以坚固三德闻名者,
‘‘Āyācito sumaṅgala-pariveṇanivāsinā thiraguṇena;
3达谛那阿阇梨,于长老传系中受持律法者。
Dāṭhānāga saṅgha, ttherena theravaṃsanvayena.
4此长部注疏,旨在彰显长部经典所具十种有力美德,
Dīghāgamassa dasabala-guṇagaṇaparidīpanassa aṭṭhakathaṃ;
5是以起名为《吉祥光明》,
Yaṃ ārabhiṃ sumaṅgala-vilāsiniṃ nāma nāmena.
2此注疏乃为宏释大注之精要而作,故已完成。』
Sā hi mahāaṭṭhakathāya, sāramādāya niṭṭhitā esā’’ti .
3《破番书》名为《中部注疏》,由尊者佛陀友比丘早先在孔雀使者村共同居住时亲自请求编写而成。此事曾被提及于该结集经文中,解释如下——
Papañcasūdaniṃ nāma majjhimanikāyaṭṭhakathaṃ bhadantabuddhamittattherena pubbe mayūradūtapaṭṭane attanā saddhiṃ vasantena āyācito akāsi. Vuttaṃ hetametissā nigamane –
8『此乃由善思维者,即尊者佛陀友比丘所请求;
‘‘Āyācito sumatinā, therena bhadantabuddhamittena;
9早先在孔雀使者村,曾共同同住;
Pubbe mayūradūtapa,ṭṭanamhi saddhiṃ vasantena.
10为调伏异说,辑集《中部》诸篇中最优者;
Paravādavidhaṃsanassa, majjhimanikāyaseṭṭhassa;
11今我开始著述此《破番书》注疏;
Yamahaṃ papañcasūdani-maṭṭhakathaṃ kātumārabhiṃ.
4此书乃依据大论所作,取其要义而成,至此完成。』
Sā hi mahāaṭṭhakathāya, sāramādāya niṭṭhitā esā’’ti .
5名为《义旨显明》的《相应部注疏》,是由尊者佛音长老应请而作。关于其缘起,已有记载如下:
Sāratthappakāsiniṃ nāma saṃyuttanikāyaṭṭhakathaṃ bhadantajotipālattherena āyācito akāsi. Vuttaṃ hetametissā nigamane –
14『这是为了此事而作,尊者佛音长老为之:
‘‘Etissā karaṇatthaṃ, therena bhadantajotipālena;
15由具清净戒行、善说法、明了启示的智慧,
Sucisīlena subhāsitassa pakāsayantañāṇena.
16以法教之庄严为动力,并怀着恭敬与善德来请求,
Sāsanavibhūtikāmena, yācamānena maṃ subhaguṇena;
17愿众生因所获得的福德而得安乐。』
Yaṃ samadhigataṃ puññaṃ, tenāpi jano sukhī bhavatū’’ti .
6名为《愿望实现》的《增支部注疏》,由尊者佛音长老在南印国界的迦俱尸城等地及斯里兰卡岛的大寺院中,亲自与弟子们同住时应请而作;同时也由在世尊三藏经典通达且在风吹尘扬、动乱不宁世间法中坚守正法,生活端正清净的近事男耆婆恭请所作。其缘起记载如下:
Manorathapūraṇiṃ nāma aṅguttaranikāyaṭṭhakathaṃ bhadantajotipālattherena dakkhiṇaindiyaraṭṭhe kañcipurādīsu ca sīhaḷadīpe mahāvihāramhi ca attanā saddhiṃ vasantena āyācito, tathā jīvakenāpi upāsakena piṭakattayapāragubhūtena vātāhatepi aniñjamānasabhāve dume viya aniñjamānasaddhamme ṭhitena sumatinā parisuddhājīvenābhiyācito akāsi. Vuttaṃ hetametissā nigamane –
19『由善见』所予之物,非出于乞求,此乃由长老尊者光护所授予者。
‘‘Āyācito sumatinā, therena bhadantajotipālena;
20即使在以前于迦尸城诸地,我亦曾与其同住过。
Kañcipurādīsu mayā, pubbe saddhiṃ vasantena.
21在大戒楼、阇拏坪与广长的寺院之中,于我居住时期也是这样。
Varatambapaṇṇidīpe, mahāvihāramhi vasanakālepi;
22如同在锋利之风中,身处不倦之圣法中,安然不动。
Vātāhate viya dume, aniñjamānamhi saddhamme.
23纵使穿越三藏广大坚固之境,亦由善见同行站立。
Pāraṃ piṭakattayasā,garassa gantvā ṭhitena sumatinā;
24以清净生命,吾更希求于其清净生命者。
Parisuddhājīvenā,bhiyācito jīvakenāpi.
25由精通法义说解者,众多法师,接续不断地讲说;
Dhammakathānayanipuṇehi, dhammakathikehi aparimāṇehi;
26为已勤修、实际实行者,且能恰当随时运用者所传述。
Parikīḷitassa paṭipa,jjitassa sakasamayacitrassa.
27此即欲为《相应部》大部讲释,始作注疏;
Aṭṭhakathaṃ aṅguttara,mahānikāyassa kātumāraddho;
28今我等远离久远颠倒,挽转起正法轮。
Yamahaṃ cirakālaṭṭhiti-micchanto sāsanavarassa.
29此法注疏旨在大注疏者,集要义而终成;
Sā hi mahāaṭṭhakathāya, sāramādāya niṭṭhitā esā;
30其长达四十九卷,以巴利文书写完成。
Catunnavutiparimāṇāya, pāḷiyā bhāṇavārehi.
31因诸所有愿望皆悉满足,故我心充盈欢喜;
Sabbāgamasaṃvaṇṇana, manoratho pūrito ca me yasmā;
32因此此心愿的满足,即为此名,由此产生。
Etāya manoratha pūraṇīti nāmaṃ tato assā’’ti .
7如今当讲授四部经典注疏时,教师佛音长老承继大摩诃胝长老之根本注疏,作成大注疏,既以翻译语言重述,且多次详尽展开,亦有简略纲目,皆加编纂。序文中云:
Imā ca pana catasso āgamaṭṭhakathāyo kurumāno ācariyabuddhaghoso mahāmahindattherenābhataṃ mūlaṭṭhakathāsaṅkhātaṃ mahāaṭṭhakathaṃyeva bhāsāparivattanavasena ceva punappunāgatavitthārakathāmaggassa saṃkhipanavasena ca akāsi. Vuttañhetaṃ ganthārambhe –
34『锡兰岛上,由伟大的摩诃胝所居,
‘‘Sīhaḷadīpaṃ pana ābha,tātha vasinā mahāmahindena;
35为锡兰语众生之利益,立定锡兰语言,方为岛上居民;
Ṭhapitā sīhaḷabhāsāya, dīpavāsīnamatthāya.
36带至于此,遂以其美锡兰语,清雅流畅地表达;
Apanetvāna tatohaṃ, sīhaḷabhāsaṃ manoramaṃ bhāsaṃ;
37以细长丝线串串连结,比附而去除了过失……如是等事。
Tantinayānucchavikaṃ, āropento vigatadosaṃ…pe…
38舍弃反复遮蔽意义的,现前将予说明。
Hitvā punappunāgata-matthaṃ atthaṃ pakāsayissāmī’’ti.
8对此结论亦如是说——
Tathā nigamanepi –
40『这正是依据大注疏的主旨与要义而完成者』,
‘‘Sā hi mahāaṭṭhakathāya, sāramādāya niṭṭhitā esā’’ti ca;
41『承取根本注疏的要义,由我所作』。
‘‘Mūlaṭṭhakathāsāraṃ, ādāya mayā imaṃ karontenā’’ti ca.
9于此身体构成之章节及周围方才庄严处,犹如称之为“大详尽”的《俱伦迪耶》等,未现详略区别之分析说明,阿毗达摩注疏也是这样。由此可知:“于经文及阿毗达摩中之大注疏,并无另一如‘大详尽’及其诸名的古老锡兰注疏与盲注疏。”直到瓦萨巴拉国王时期(公元609至653年),古老锡兰长老的结论、论辩与经典依然存在且可见。
Imāsaṃ sarīrabhūtapāṭhesu ca samantapāsādikāyaṃ viya ‘‘mahāpaccariyaṃ, kurundiya’’ntiādinā vinicchayasaṃvaṇṇanābhedappakāsanaṃ na dissati, tathā abhidhammaṭṭhakathāsupi. Tenetaṃ ñāyati ‘‘suttantābhidhammesu mahāaṭṭhakathāto aññā mahāpaccariādināmikā porāṇikā sīhaḷaṭṭhakathāyo ceva andhakaṭṭhakathā ca natthī’’ti. Yāva vasabharājakālā (609-653) pana pākaṭānaṃ sīhaḷikattherānaṃ vinicchayo ca vādā ca vatthūni ca etāsupi dissantiyevāti.