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3. 界分别复注

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1三、界分别
3. Dhātuvibhaṅgo
1一、经分别的注释
1. Suttantabhājanīyavaṇṇanā
172172. 虽然在《界相应》等中以“诸比丘,我将为你们宣说界之种种。诸比丘,什么是界之种种?眼界……乃至……意识界”等方式提到了十八界,但由于这些界在阿毗达摩中也出现,故取其共通性而不取,仅取仅在诸经中出现的三个六界组,而分别了经分别,应如此理解。“一切界”即十八界。“界”一词应视为在空、自性、仅只是自相上已确立的用法。“未接触的界”意为不被四大遍及的状态。
172. Yadipi dhātusaṃyuttādīsu ‘‘dhātunānattaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi, katamañca, bhikkhave, dhātunānattaṃ? Cakkhudhātu…pe… manoviññāṇadhātū’’tiādinā (saṃ. ni. 2.85) aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo āgatā, tā pana abhidhamme ca āgatāti sādhāraṇattā aggahetvā suttantesveva āgate tayo dhātuchakke gahetvā suttantabhājanīyaṃ vibhattanti veditabbaṃ. Sabbā dhātuyoti aṭṭhārasapi. Suññe sabhāvamatte niruḷho dhātu-saddo daṭṭhabbo. Asamphuṭṭhadhātūti catūhi mahābhūtehi abyāpitabhāvoti attho.
173173. “地界二种”:在注释书中作了词句的提取,但在巴利原文中则出现“二种”,其含义如前所述。若读作“二种”,此义亦可成立。具有二部分者称为“二种”,地界的二种即“地界二种”,意为二种地界的集合。或者,仅二部分合起来称为“二种”,即地界二种。“其中,什么是地界?地界二种,这就是地界。”如此简略地回答。“有内的,有外的”:在此,“内”“外”二字不像“内二法”中那样是内处、外处的表述,也不与“内三法”中所说的“内、外”诸词同义,而是指与根相连及不与根相连的。因此说“属于有情相续的”等。而“内、自己的”并非针对各别在自己中生起而言,而应理解为在一切有情相续中生起。因为通过“内、自己的”这句话,显示其由于属于有情相续而具有内在性,并非由于各别个体性。“以自相之相状”即指以水等所差别的、自己本身的自性所应被执取的相状。
173.Pathavīdhātudvayanti aṭṭhakathāyaṃ paduddhāro kato, pāḷiyaṃ pana ‘‘dveya’’nti āgacchati, attho pana yathāvuttova. Dvayanti pana pāṭhe sati ayampi attho sambhavati. Dve avayavā etassāti dvayaṃ, pathavīdhātūnaṃ dvayaṃ pathavīdhātudvayaṃ, dvinnaṃ pathavīdhātūnaṃ samudāyoti attho. Dve eva vā avayavā samuditā dvayaṃ, pathavīdhātudvayanti. ‘‘Tattha katamā pathavīdhātu? Pathavīdhātudvayaṃ, esā pathavīdhātū’’ti saṅkhepena vissajjeti. Atthi ajjhattikā atthi bāhirāti ettha ajjhattikabāhira-saddā na ajjhattikaduke viya ajjhattikabāhirāyatanavācakā, nāpi ajjhattattike vuttehi ajjhattabahiddhā-saddehi samānatthā, indriyabaddhānindriyabaddhavācakā pana ete. Tena ‘‘sattasantānapariyāpannā’’tiādi vuttaṃ. Niyakajjhattāti ca na paccattaṃ attani jātataṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, atha kho sabbasattasantānesu jātatanti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Ajjhattaṃ paccattanti vacanena hi sattasantānapariyāpannatāya ajjhattikabhāvaṃ dasseti, na pāṭipuggalikatāya. Sabhāvākāratoti āpādīhi visiṭṭhena attano eva sabhāvabhūtena gahetabbākārena.
4“发等的坚硬相”是因为坚硬性显著而说。“各别的部分”意为仅是地界的部分,是空无我的。“脑”由于已包含在“骨、骨髓”的摄取中,故在此处未单独说,应如此理解。
Kesākakkhaḷattalakkhaṇāti kakkhaḷatādhikatāya vuttā. Pāṭiyekko koṭṭhāsoti pathavīkoṭṭhāsamatto suññoti attho. Matthaluṅgaṃ aṭṭhimiñjaggahaṇena gahitanti idha visuṃ na vuttanti veditabbaṃ.
5“以此”即指“这就是发等”等语句。“作了业”意为作了努力、精进或加行。正如欲求财富者对于农耕等,欲求阿罗汉果者也应在此作意上作业。“前障碍”是指住所等障碍,相对于长发等小障碍而说为后障碍。
Imināti ‘‘seyyathidaṃ kesā’’tiādinā. Kammaṃ katvāti payogaṃ vīriyaṃ āyūhanaṃ vā katvāti attho. Bhogakāmena kasiyādīsu viya arahattakāmena ca imasmiṃ manasikāre kammaṃ kattabbanti. Pubbapalibodhāti āvāsādayo dīghakesādike khuddakapalibodhe aparapalibodhāti apekkhitvā vuttā.
6依于颜色等五种而作意,是界厌恶、颜色厌恶等作意的共通前行部分,为了显示已生起的界作意,而说“最后应如此令作意转起”。“彼此无转向与观察”是指由于因与果的无作用而显示唯是界。转向与观察等也同样应视为无作用。因为它们并非在转向、观察了那些及其因之后而生起或造作。“依于相”是指“坚硬、粗糙的”等语句而说。
Vaṇṇādīnaṃ pañcannaṃ vasena manasikāro dhātupaṭikūlavaṇṇamanasikārānaṃ sādhāraṇo pubbabhāgoti nibbattitadhātumanasikāraṃ dassetuṃ ‘‘avasāne evaṃ manasikāro pavattetabbo’’ti āha. Aññamaññaṃ ābhogapaccavekkhaṇarahitāti kāraṇassa ca phalassa ca abyāpāratāya dhātumattataṃ dasseti. Ābhogapaccavekkhaṇādīnampi evameva abyāpāratā daṭṭhabbā. Na hi tāni, tesañca kāraṇāni ābhujitvā paccavekkhitvā ca uppajjanti karonti cāti. Lakkhaṇavasenāti ‘‘kakkhaḷaṃ kharigata’’ntiādivacanaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ.
7Vekantaka 是一种铁。龙鼻铁是类似铁的铁类,如同黄姜类一样。由混合锡、铜等而造作、由造作而生起的是人造铁。孔雀等就是这些名称。海珠仅是举例,实际上一切珠都是珠。
Vekantakaṃ ekā lohajāti. Nāganāsikalohaṃ lohasadisaṃ lohavijāti haliddivijāti viya. Tiputambādīhi missetvā kataṃ karaṇena nibbattattā kittimalohaṃ. Morakkhādīni evaṃnāmānevetāni. Sāmuddikamuttāti nidassanamattametaṃ, sabbāpi pana muttā muttā eva.
174174. “到达”即水,以结合的作用到达其余三界,即令其凝聚,这是含义。“成为汁液”即成为味。肾、心脏、肝、肺得以湿润:在此,肝通过充满下方部分而湿润,其余则通过在其上方少许少许地流下而湿润。如同在下方湿润土块一般,此譬喻应视为仅是显示湿润者与被湿润者的无作用共性,而非显示位置的共性。因为对于某些应以积聚的血液湿润者,有的在下方,有的在上方,这在《念处分别》中将说到。肝的下方部分不知“血液住于我中”,肾等也不知“湿润我们的血液住着”,应如此连结。然而,如同在药物学处中有决定“凡其肉可食用者,其乳亦可”,在此则无此决定。
174. Appetīti āpo, ābandhanavasena sesabhūtattayaṃ pāpuṇāti silesatīti attho. Yūsabhūtoti rasabhūto. Vakkahadayayakanapapphāsāni tementanti ettha yakanaṃ heṭṭhābhāgapūraṇena, itarāni tesaṃ upari thokaṃ thokaṃ paggharaṇena temeti. Heṭṭhā leḍḍukhaṇḍāni temayamāneti temakatemitabbānaṃ abyāpārasāmaññanidassanatthāyeva upamā daṭṭhabbā, na ṭhānasāmaññanidassanatthāya. Sannicitalohitena temetabbānaṃ kesañci heṭṭhā, kassaci upari ṭhitatañhi satipaṭṭhānavibhaṅge vakkhatīti, yakanassa heṭṭhābhāgo ‘‘ṭhitaṃ mayi lohita’’nti na jānāti, vakkādīni ‘‘amhe temayamānaṃ lohitaṃ ṭhita’’nti na jānantīti evaṃ yojanā kātabbā. Yathā pana bhesajjasikkhāpade niyamo atthi ‘‘yesaṃ maṃsaṃ kappati, tesaṃ khīra’’nti, evamidha natthi.
175175. “以锐利的作用”即通过锋利性、尖锐性。“灼热”是超越身体的正常状态而有的热性,“遍烧”是以燃烧身体的方式转起的大燃烧。这是它们的差别。“由此而衰老”也可理解为由一日疟等衰老病而衰老。将酥油加热百次后投入水中再取出的酥油,称为百洗酥油。味、血、脂肪、肉、腱、骨、骨髓等是味等。有些人除去腱后,说精液是第七界。“自然的”是指未达到扰动、恒常存在的。在此,饿鬼之火仅取从口中向外出来的。
175.Tejanavasenāti nisitabhāvena tikkhabhāvena. Sarīrassa pakatiṃ atikkamitvā uṇhabhāvo santāpo, sarīradahanavasena pavatto mahādāho paridāho. Ayametesaṃ viseso. Yena jīrīyatīti ekāhikādijararogena jīrīyatītipi attho yujjati. Satavāraṃ tāpetvā udake pakkhipitvā uddhaṭasappi satadhotasappīti vadanti. Rasasoṇitamedamaṃsanhāruaṭṭhiaṭṭhimiñjā rasādayo. Keci nhāruṃ apanetvā sukkaṃ sattamadhātuṃ avocunti. Pākatikoti khobhaṃ appatto sadā vijjamāno. Petaggi mukhato bahi niggatova idha gahito.
176176.『以吹动之义』者,即以激起动荡之义,或以鼓动振发之义也。
176.Vāyanavasenāti savegagamanavasena, samudīraṇavasena vā.
177177. 以此,在某个空中……那被说了,这是为了显示遍孔空未被说,以及无缠结空已被说而说的。
177.Iminā yasmiṃ ākāse…pe… taṃ kathitanti idaṃ kasiṇugghāṭimākāsassa akathitataṃ, ajaṭākāsassa ca kathitataṃ dassetuṃ vuttaṃ.
179苦受与乐受的遍满状态,是就存在于身体中的苦乐触所生起的缘而言,依其能力而说能遍满身体的一部分或全身。同样,喜与忧也是由合意与不合意的意所生起,而具有同样的遍满能力。如此,由于它们遍满身体,一个(受)生起之处,另一个(受)便撞击它,而另一个(受)生起之处,这一个(受)又撞击它,由此显示了它们彼此间的对立性;或者说,它们的遍满本身就是相互对立、粗显地生起。所依与所缘,作为持续生起的因,应视为遍满的处所。而此对立性,是依于兼具二者的人而显示的,因为(苦乐)是容易看到的。
179. Sukhadukkhānaṃ pharaṇabhāvo sarīraṭṭhakautussa sukhadukkhaphoṭṭhabbasamuṭṭhānapaccayabhāvena yathābalaṃ sarīrekadesasakalasarīrapharaṇasamatthatāya vutto, somanassadomanassānaṃ iṭṭhāniṭṭhacittajasamuṭṭhāpanena tatheva pharaṇasamatthatāya. Evaṃ etesaṃ sarīrapharaṇatāya ekassa ṭhānaṃ itaraṃ paharati, itarassa ca aññanti aññamaññena sappaṭipakkhataṃ dasseti, aññamaññapaṭipakkhaoḷārikappavatti eva vā etesaṃ pharaṇaṃ. Vatthārammaṇāni ca pabandhena pavattihetubhūtāni pharaṇaṭṭhānaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ, ubhayavato ca puggalassa vasena ayaṃ sappaṭipakkhatā dassitā sukhadassanīyattā.
181“烦恼欲”是就“思惟是欲,贪染是欲”(《大义释》1;《小义释》Ajitamāṇavapucchāniddesa 8)中所说的“思惟”而言,这是意趣所在。因为那(思惟)也压迫、烧灼,故由与烦恼共住而生起烦恼欲,或由烦恼所依处而生起。所谓“与欲相应”,即与称为欲贪的欲相应,或系属于欲。在其他与欲相应的法存在时,由于寻(vitakka)与欲的关联生起特别强烈,故应知“界”这个词在“欲”这个词的复合中,是专就寻而惯用的。此理于瞋恚界等亦然。对他者与自己的苦害即是“害”。“害”的意思是想要杀害。
181.Kilesakāmaṃ sandhāyāti ‘‘saṅkappo kāmo rāgo kāmo’’ti (mahāni. 1; cūḷani. ajitamāṇavapucchāniddesa 8) ettha vuttaṃ saṅkappaṃ sandhāyāti adhippāyo. Sopi hi vibādhati upatāpeti cāti kilesasanthavasambhavato kilesakāmo vibhatto kilesavatthusambhavato vā. Kāmapaṭisaṃyuttāti kāmarāgasaṅkhātena kāmena sampayuttā, kāmapaṭibaddhā vā. Aññesu ca kāmapaṭisaṃyuttadhammesu vijjamānesu vitakkeyeva kāmopapado dhātusaddo niruḷho veditabbo vitakkassa kāmappasaṅgappavattiyā sātisayattā. Esa nayo byāpādadhātuādīsu. Parassa attano ca dukkhāyanaṃ vihiṃsā. Vihiṃsantīti hantuṃ icchanti.
182即使在两者(欲寻与恚寻)中生起时,由于与贪欲相应而能产生业道,以及能破坏无贪业道,故欲寻被称为“业道的差别”。而“瞋恚”一词,是以瞋恚的言说来表示瞋恚寻。因为那(寻)即是瞋恚界。同样,对于害与害界,应依瞋恚的情况,以及随其所应依杀生等的情况,来结合说明业道的差别。在此(两个三法中),将其他各两个(界)收摄于能摄一切欲界、一切善的(界)中而说,称为“总摄说”。然而,若说“在此(六界中)”,则“欲界”一词便包含了欲界的(法)以及出离界等。
182. Ubhayattha uppannopi abhijjhāsaṃyogena kammapathajananato anabhijjhākammapathabhindanato ca kāmavitakko ‘‘kammapathabhedo’’ti vutto . Byāpādo panāti byāpādavacanena byāpādavitakkaṃ dasseti. So hi byāpādadhātūti. Tathā vihiṃsāya vihiṃsādhātuyā ca byāpādavasena yathāsambhavaṃ pāṇātipātādivasena ca kammapathabhedo yojetabbo. Etthāti dvīsu tikesu. Sabbakāmāvacarasabbakusalasaṅgāhakehi itare dve dve saṅgahetvā kathanaṃ sabbasaṅgāhikakathā. Etthāti pana etasmiṃ chakketi vuccamāne kāmadhātuvacanena kāmāvacarānaṃ nekkhammadhātuādīnañca gahaṇaṃ āpajjati.
15“应令得”是指那些正在获得眼界等状态的法,通过将它们取出而显示,从而应令得。“行于此中”故为“行”,行于何处?行于“遍观”,遍观之行即是“遍观行”,这是三地诸法的同义语。
Labhāpetabbāti cakkhudhātādibhāvaṃ labhamānā dhammā nīharitvā dassanena labhāpetabbā. Carati etthāti cāro, kiṃ carati? Sammasanaṃ, sammasanassa cāro sammasanacāro, tebhūmakadhammānaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
17经分别注释已完毕。
Suttantabhājanīyavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
16二、阿毗达磨分别注释
2. Abhidhammabhājanīyavaṇṇanā
183“眼”是以不共有的所属关系而说其特殊原因。因为那(眼)是不与其他补特伽罗共有的,而与青等一切色是共有的。“令作”的意思是,如同被指派“你应如此如此地转起”一般地令生起。而“令作”这一“界”的意义,正是由前缀所显了的殊胜义,即使没有前缀,“界”这个词也表达该意义,应如此看待。在作者、作业、状态、工具、处所等五种意义上,“界”这个词得以成立,这五种意义都已说过。金、银等“界”是金等的矿源,即岩石等。
183.Cakkhussāti visesakāraṇaṃ asādhāraṇasāmibhāvena niddiṭṭhaṃ. Tañhi puggalantarāsādhāraṇaṃ nīlādisabbarūpasādhāraṇañca. Vidahatīti evaṃ evañca tayā pavattitabbanti viniyujjamānaṃ viya uppādetīti attho. Vidahatīti ca dhātuattho eva visiṭṭho upasaggena dīpitoti vināpi upasaggena dhātūti eso saddo tamatthaṃ vadatīti daṭṭhabbo. Kattukammabhāvakaraṇaadhikaraṇesu dhātupadasiddhi hotīti pañcapi ete atthā vuttā. Suvaṇṇarajatādidhātuyo suvaṇṇādīnaṃ bījabhūtā selādayo.
18“持有自己的自性,故为界”——在此也应知“界”一词的词源成就。因为“界”这个词本身也有“持有”的意义。而且,此处的“作者”意义与前不同,而“持有唯非情自性”是“界”这个词的主要意义,故另作说明。“如同界一般的界”——在此,如同“狮子”一词虽本指鬃毛,却惯用于人一样,“界”一词本惯用于岩石的部分,却转用于眼等,应如此看待。智与所知即是“智与所知”,它们的部分,即其差别所成的界,是“智与所知的部分”。其中,智的差别是法界的一部分,所知的差别则是十八种,因此,界仅仅是智与所知的部分。或者,以智所应知的自性,当以“界”这个词来说时,是依不颠倒而成为智所应知,而非依见等颠倒执取而成为所应知,这是其义。那智所应知的部分即是眼等。“界”这个词本惯用于具有不同特相的部分,如味等,而转用于其他类似的部分,如眼等,应如此看待;或者,如同在味等中一样,在眼等中也是惯用的。“这是唯无命者的同义语”——以此显示“界”这个词在“唯无命”的词义上是惯用的。“有此六界者”为“六界者”,世间称为“人”的那个法聚集,即是六界者,是地等六种唯无命自性的聚集而已,其中并无命者或人存在,这是其义。
Attano sabhāvaṃ dhārentīti dhātuyoti etthāpi dhātīti dhātūti padasiddhi veditabbā. Dhātu-saddo eva hi dhāraṇatthopi hotīti. Kattuatthopi cāyaṃ purimena asadisoti nissattasabhāvamattadhāraṇañca dhātu-saddassa padhāno atthoti visuṃ vutto. Dhātuyo viya dhātuyoti ettha sīha-saddo viya kesarimhi niruḷho purisesu, selāvayavesu niruḷho dhātu-saddo ca cakkhādīsu upacarito daṭṭhabbo. Ñāṇañca ñeyyañca ñāṇañeyyāni, tesaṃ avayavā tappabhedabhūtā dhātuyo ñāṇañeyyāvayavā. Tattha ñāṇappabhedā dhammadhātuekadeso, ñeyyappabhedā aṭṭhārasāpīti ñāṇañeyyāvayavamattā dhātuyo honti. Atha vā ñāṇena ñātabbo sabhāvo dhātusaddena vuccamāno aviparītato ñāṇañeyyo, na diṭṭhiādīhi viparītaggāhakehi ñeyyoti attho. Tassa ñāṇañeyyassa avayavā cakkhādayo. Visabhāgalakkhaṇāvayavesu rasādīsu niruḷho dhātu-saddo tādisesu aññāvayavesu cakkhādīsu upacarito daṭṭhabbo, rasādīsu viya vā cakkhādīsu niruḷhova. Nijjīvamattassetaṃ adhivacananti etena nijjīvamattapadatthe dhātu-saddassa niruḷhataṃ dasseti. Cha dhātuyo etassāti chadhātuyo, yo loke ‘‘puriso’’ti dhammasamudāyo vuccati, so chadhāturo channaṃ pathavīādīnaṃ nijjīvamattasabhāvānaṃ samudāyamatto, na ettha jīvo puriso vā atthīti attho.
19眼等的次第前已说过,故在此,于每一个三法中,显示三种界的次第时说:“依因果次第决定”。因果的次第决定即是因果性本身。其中,“因”是指缘,“果”是指缘所生,故说“眼界”等。而意界、法界与意识之间的因性,应随其所应来结合说明,或者,意界是以作为门的意为基础而成为那(意识)的因。
Cakkhādīnaṃ kamo pubbe vuttoti idha ekekasmiṃ tike tiṇṇaṃ tiṇṇaṃ dhātūnaṃ kamaṃ dassento āha ‘‘hetuphalānupubbavavatthānavasenā’’ti. Hetuphalānaṃ anupubbavavatthānaṃ hetuphalabhāvova. Tattha hetūti paccayo adhippeto. Phalanti paccayuppannanti āha ‘‘cakkhudhātū’’tiādi. Manodhātudhammadhātūnañca manoviññāṇassa hetubhāvo yathāsambhavaṃ yojetabbo, dvārabhūtamanovasena vā tassā manodhātuyā.
20所谓“依一切”是指依于如前所述的光界等三十五界。胜义自性在任何时候都不包含于世俗自性中,故说“依自性而存在的”。月光、日光等只是颜色的光耀,故说“光界其实就是色界”。所谓“系属于色等”,是指以贪欲所依处的状态而应被执取之相为净相,因此不说“色等即是”,而说“系属”之语。即使没有贪欲所依处的状态,也说了第二种选项:“善异熟所缘的净界”。害界是思心所,或伤害他人的欲求。无害界是悲悯。
Sabbāsaṃ vasenāti yathāvuttānaṃ ābhādhātuādīnaṃ pañcatiṃsāya dhātūnaṃ vasena. Aparamatthasabhāvassa paramatthasabhāvesu na kadāci antogadhatā atthīti āha ‘‘sabhāvato vijjamānāna’’nti. Candābhāsūriyābhādikā vaṇṇanibhā evāti āha ‘‘rūpadhātuyeva hi ābhādhātū’’ti. Rūpādipaṭibaddhāti rāgavatthubhāvena gahetabbākāro subhanimittanti sandhāya ‘‘rūpādayovā’’ti avatvā paṭibaddhavacanaṃ āha. Asatipi rāgavatthubhāve ‘‘kusalavipākārammaṇā subhā dhātū’’ti dutiyo vikappo vutto. Vihiṃsādhātu cetanā, paraviheṭhanachando vā. Avihiṃsā karuṇā.
21“两者”指法界和意识界。关于劣等、中等、殊胜,应知:依前一种方法,被轻视的眼等是劣等,被尊崇的是殊胜,未被过度轻视也未被过度尊崇的是中等,这是从蕴分别中所说的劣等二法而引出中等界。意识界虽然依六识界而分别,但据说“由于摄取了意识界,其前导与后随的心界也就被摄取了”,故说“意识界……就是七识的概要”。由于众多眼界等,以及其中每一界都有种种不同的状态,依众多界、种种界而说世间,故说“只是十八界的分类而已”。
Ubhopīti dhammadhātumanoviññāṇadhātuyo. Hīnādīsu purimanayena hīḷitā cakkhādayo hīnā, sambhāvitā paṇītā, nātihīḷitā nātisambhāvitā majjhimāti khandhavibhaṅge āgatahīnadukatoyeva nīharitvā majjhimā dhātu vuttāti veditabbā. Viññāṇadhātu yadipi chaviññāṇadhātuvasena vibhattā, tathāpi ‘‘viññāṇadhātuggahaṇena tassā purecārikapacchācārikattā manodhātu gahitāva hotī’’ti vuttattā āha ‘‘viññāṇadhātu…pe… sattaviññāṇasaṅkhepoyevā’’ti. Anekesaṃ cakkhudhātuādīnaṃ, tāsu ca ekekissā nānappakāratāya nānādhātūnaṃ vasena anekadhātunānādhātuloko vuttoti āha ‘‘aṭṭhārasadhātuppabhedamattamevā’’ti.
22“以眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意、意识界之分别”,在注释书中如此记载。其中,并非仅以“界”一词与眼等相连结,因为这是对能了知自性的分别之说。若以“意识界”一词来连结,则不应有两个“意”的摄取,因为并没有两个意识界。或者应说“眼……身、意识、心界”,因为在不对等的结合中没有双数复合词。然而,此处的文句可能是:“以眼……身识、意、意识界之分别”。
‘‘Cakkhusotaghānajivhākāyamanomanoviññāṇadhātubhedenā’’ti aṭṭhakathāyaṃ likhitaṃ. Tattha na cakkhādīnaṃ kevalena dhātu-saddena sambandho adhippeto vijānanasabhāvassa pabhedavacanato. Viññāṇadhātu-saddena sambandhe kariyamāne dve manogahaṇāni na kattabbāni. Na hi dve manoviññāṇadhātuyo atthīti. ‘‘Cakkhu…pe… kāyamanoviññāṇamanodhātū’’ti vā vattabbaṃ atulyayoge dvandasamāsābhāvato. Ayaṃ panettha pāṭho siyā ‘‘cakkhu…pe… kāyaviññāṇamanomanoviññāṇadhātubhedenā’’ti.
23蕴处之说是略说,根之说是广说,相对于这两者,界说是不太略也不太广的。或者,在经分别中所说的界说是太略说,而依光界等乃至种种界之间而应说的界说是太广说,相对于这两者,此说是“不太略也不太广的”。
Khandhāyatanadesanā saṅkhepadesanā, indriyadesanā vitthāradesanāti tadubhayaṃ apekkhitvā nātisaṅkhepavitthārā dhātudesanā. Atha vā suttantabhājanīye vuttadhātudesanā atisaṅkhepadesanā, ābhādhātuādīnaṃ anekadhātunānādhātuantānaṃ vasena desetabbā ativitthāradesanāti tadubhayaṃ apekkhitvā ayaṃ ‘‘nātisaṅkhepavitthārā’’ti.
24如同鼓面是声音的所依,眼界是识的所依。通过这些譬喻显示:如同无生命的鼓面与鼓槌等结合时,无生命的声音等生起;同样,无生命的眼与色等结合时,无生命的眼识等生起。因此,因果只是界而已,没有作者与受者的存在。
Bherītalaṃ viya cakkhudhātu saddassa viya viññāṇassa nissayabhāvato. Etāhi ca upamāhi nijjīvānaṃ bherītaladaṇḍādīnaṃ samāyoge nijjīvānaṃ saddādīnaṃ viya nijjīvānaṃ cakkhurūpādīnaṃ samāyoge nijjīvānaṃ cakkhuviññāṇādīnaṃ pavattīti kāraṇaphalānaṃ dhātumattattā kārakavedakabhāvavirahaṃ dasseti.
25“如同前导与后随”的意思是:如同某些无生命的东西是无生命者的前导与后随。或者,心界本身不超越自己的刹那,而眼识等也不超越自己的刹那,即使没有真正的前导后随关系,由于有前时与后时的差别,也应视为如同前导与后随。应视为如同箭、如同矛,因为与三种苦相结合。贪求本身就是苦,是贪求之苦,或贪求被破坏之苦。因为想蕴将并非真实的、即使是苦苦的东西也认知为净等,从而产生那种贪求以及因所希求的净等不成就而产生的破坏。以业为主要的行,故说“投入结生”等。所谓“与生苦相系属”,是因为被自己所生的生苦所系属。因为“有缘生”就是生苦。如同看似莲花却如刀轮,色也以女人等状态显现,产生种种灾祸。一切不幸——贪等以及生等——都是有害的、不真实的、可怖畏的,由于是它们的对立面,故应视为不死等。
Purecarānucarā viyāti nijjīvassa kassaci keci nijjīvā purecarānucarā viyāti attho. Manodhātuyeva vā attano khaṇaṃ anativattantī attano khaṇaṃ anativattantānaṃyeva cakkhuviññāṇādīnaṃ avijjamānepi purecarānucarabhāve pubbakālāparakālatāya purecarānucarā viya daṭṭhabbāti attho. Sallamiva sūlamiva tividhadukkhatāsamāyogato daṭṭhabbo. Āsāyeva dukkhaṃ āsādukkhaṃ, āsāvighātaṃ dukkhaṃ vā. Saññā hi abhūtaṃ dukkhadukkhampi subhādito sañjānantī taṃ āsaṃ tassā ca vighātaṃ āsīsitasubhādiasiddhiyā janetīti. Kammappadhānā saṅkhārāti ‘‘paṭisandhiyaṃ pakkhipanato’’tiādimāha. Jātidukkhānubandhanatoti attanā nibbattiyamānena jātidukkhena anubandhattā. Bhavapaccayā jāti hi jātidukkhanti. Padumaṃ viya dissamānaṃ khuracakkaṃ viya rūpampi itthiyādibhāvena dissamānaṃ nānāvidhupaddavaṃ janeti. Sabbe anatthā rāgādayo jātiādayo ca visabhūtā asantā sappaṭibhayā cāti tappaṭipakkhabhūtattā amatādito daṭṭhabbā.
26“即使放开了,也要抓住另一个”,以此显示:如同猴子放开了抓住的树枝,也不能在空中停留;同样,心即使放开了已执取的对象,若不抓住另一个对象,也不能继续运转,因此与猴子相似。即使被八支箭射中,仍不调伏的恶马是劣马。进入舞台的演员是舞台演员。
Muñcitvāpi aññaṃ gahetvāvāti etena makkaṭassa gahitaṃ sākhaṃ muñcitvāpi ākāse ṭhātuṃ asamatthatā viya gahitārammaṇaṃ muñcitvāpi aññaṃ aggahetvā pavattituṃ asamatthatāya makkaṭasamānataṃ dasseti. Aṭṭhivedhaviddhopi damathaṃ anupagacchanto duṭṭhasso assakhaḷuṅko. Raṅgagato naṭo raṅganaṭo.
184184.“缘于眼与色等”,在门与所缘中,以单数与复数来说明,是因为对于不同相续或同一相续中所生的识,有同一相续的识之缘的状态,以及有一类或多类的缘故。
184.Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe cātiādinā dvārārammaṇesu ekavacanabahuvacananiddesā ekanānāsantānagatānaṃ ekasantānagataviññāṇapaccayabhāvato ekanānājātikattā ca.
28“于一切法”中,此处的“一切”一词,应理解为依于所摄范围,在如前所说的识所摄或所缘所摄的局部一切中而住立。在解释意识界时,有言:“于眼识界生起并灭尽之无间,意界生起;于意界生起并灭尽之无间,心亦生起。”如同眼识界之后有意界,意界之后也有心生起,乃至另一意界将生起为止,将期间持续的一切心视为一体而说,这样的义理也是可以成立的。如此,则意识界之后生起的意界,便不会有成为意识界之过失。因为,显示五识界与意界的次第,是为了显示与彼等性质相异、且由生起处所限定之心的意识界性,而非仅凭无间生起这一点;因此,将性质相异者统摄为一体来显示,是合理的。即使未统摄为一体,当性质相异者中有一者被显示时,依其共通性,其余一切彼性质者亦已被显示,应如此理解。若以“亦”字将意识界也统摄在内,则有人会问:“由于‘于意识界之无间亦生起心……乃至……彼等意识界’这一对意识界的统摄,有分之后生起的意界心便被排除了吗?”答:并非如此,因为彼(意界心)的意識界性并不成立。盖所诘难者,其本身并不能成为辩驳之依据。
Sabbadhammesūti ettha sabba-saddo adhikāravasena yathāvuttaviññāṇasaṅkhāte ārammaṇasaṅkhāte vā padesasabbasmiṃ tiṭṭhatīti daṭṭhabbo. Manoviññāṇadhātuniddese ‘‘cakkhuviññāṇadhātuyā uppajjitvā niruddhasamanantarā uppajjati manodhātu, manodhātuyāpi uppajjitvā niruddhasamanantarā uppajjati citta’’nti cakkhuviññāṇadhātānantaraṃ manodhātu viya manodhātānantarampi uppajjati cittanti yāva aññā manodhātu uppajjissati, tāva pavattaṃ sabbaṃ cittaṃ ekattena gahetvā vuttanti evampi attho labbhati. Evañhi sati manoviññāṇadhātānantaraṃ uppannāya manodhātuyā manoviññāṇadhātubhāvappasaṅgo na hotiyeva. Pañcaviññāṇadhātumanodhātukkamanidassanañhi tabbidhurasabhāvena uppattiṭṭhānena ca paricchinnassa cittassa manoviññāṇadhātubhāvadassanatthaṃ, na anantaruppattimattenāti tabbidhurasabhāve ekattaṃ upanetvā dassanaṃ yujjati. Anupanītepi ekatte tabbidhurasabhāve ekasmiṃ dassite sāmaññavasena aññampi sabbaṃ taṃ sabhāvaṃ dassitaṃ hotīti daṭṭhabbaṃ. Pi-saddena manoviññāṇadhātusampiṇḍane ca sati ‘‘manoviññāṇadhātuyāpi samanantarā uppajjati cittaṃ…pe… tajjā manoviññāṇadhātū’’ti manoviññāṇadhātuggahaṇena bhavaṅgānantaraṃ uppannaṃ manodhātucittaṃ nivattitaṃ hotīti ce? Na, tassā manoviññāṇadhātubhāvāsiddhito. Na hi yaṃ codīyati, tadeva parihārāya hotīti.
29“于意界,亦于意识界”——以此对“意”的两种表述,显示了二者彼此性质相异。由此应知,意界转向的意識界性已被排除。因为其与意识界相异的意界自性,已由“或于一切法中,第一转向生起”等语所说明。“彼等一切”者,此仅为略示而已。并非仅速行之终了才是意识界,彼所缘等亦是意识界。如是,依与五识界、意界相殊胜的自性,显示了一切意识界之后,再依意门而显示殊胜的速行意识界,故说“依于意……”等。若认为此处仅以六门而将速行终了之心显示为“意识界”,则因未摄死亡、结生、有分,便成有余之教说,故应依前述之理趣而解了义。或者,与六门心具相同特征的其他心,也应知是被显示为“意识界”。
Manodhātuyāpi manoviññāṇadhātuyāpīti manadvayavacanena dvinnaṃ aññamaññavidhurasabhāvatā dassitāti teneva manodhātāvajjanassa manoviññāṇadhātubhāvo nivattitoti daṭṭhabbo. Vutto hi tassa manoviññāṇadhātuvidhuro manodhātusabhāvo ‘‘sabbadhammesu vā pana paṭhamasamannāhāro uppajjatī’’tiādinā. Sā sabbāpīti etaṃ mukhamattanidassanaṃ. Na hi javanapariyosānā eva manoviññāṇadhātu, tadārammaṇādīnipi pana hontiyevāti. Evaṃ pañcaviññāṇadhātumanodhātuvisiṭṭhasabhāvavasena sabbaṃ manoviññāṇadhātuṃ dassetvā puna manodvāravasena sātisayaṃ javanamanoviññāṇadhātuṃ dassento ‘‘manañca paṭiccā’’tiādimāha. Yadi pana channaṃ dvārānaṃ vasena javanāvasānāneva cittāni idha ‘‘manoviññāṇadhātū’’ti dassitānīti ayamattho gayheyya, cutipaṭisandhibhavaṅgānaṃ aggahitattā sāvasesā desanā āpajjati, tasmā yathāvuttena nayena attho veditabbo. Chadvārikacittehi vā samānalakkhaṇāni aññānipi ‘‘manoviññāṇadhātū’’ti dassitānīti veditabbāni.
30“于‘缘’一词出现之处”:在此处,如“意亦领受彼等之行境对象”等句中,将其(意)单独列出是合适的;然而,在此“缘眼……”等句中,以“而”字统摄,如同令转向亦成为依止于眼等那样,在“缘意”一词出现之处,其意旨是:应令转向唯依止于称为意门的有分。
Paṭiccāti āgataṭṭhāneti ettha ‘‘mano ca nesaṃ gocaravisayaṃ paccanubhotī’’tiādīsu (ma. ni. 1.455) visuṃ kātuṃ yuttaṃ, idha pana ‘‘cakkhuñca paṭiccā’’tiādīsu ca-saddena sampiṇḍetvā āvajjanassapi cakkhādisannissitatākaraṇaṃ viya manañca paṭiccāti āgataṭṭhāne manodvārasaṅkhātabhavaṅgasannissitameva āvajjanaṃ kātabbanti adhippāyo.
33阿毗达摩分别注释已完毕。
Abhidhammabhājanīyavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
31三、问答释义
3. Pañhapucchakavaṇṇanā
32问答部分,因前文已述其理趣,故甚为明了。
Pañhapucchakaṃ heṭṭhā vuttanayattā uttānamevāti.
36问答注释已完毕。
Pañhapucchakavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.
37界分别注释已完毕。
Dhātuvibhaṅgavaṇṇanā niṭṭhitā.