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SN 42 · 8. 村长相应

Tipitaka 7.0 静态阅读页 · 120 段 · 打开交互阅读器

18. 村长相应
8. Gāmaṇisaṃyuttaṃ
21. 旃陀经
1. Caṇḍasuttaṃ
353在沙瓦提城。那时,旃陀村长来拜访世尊。他到了以后,向世尊敬礼,坐在一旁。坐在一旁后,旃陀村长对世尊这样说:“尊者,是什么原因,是什么条件,使得在这里,有些人被人称作‘暴戾’?而又是什么原因,是什么条件,使得有些人被人称作‘柔和’?”“村长,这里,有些人贪爱没有断除。因为贪爱未断,他就会去激怒别人,当被别人激怒时,他就表现出愤怒。于是他就被人称作‘暴戾’。他的嗔恨没有断除。因为嗔恨未断,他就会去激怒别人,当被别人激怒时,他就表现出愤怒。于是他就被人称作‘暴戾’。他的愚痴没有断除。因为愚痴未断,他就会去激怒别人,当被别人激怒时,他就表现出愤怒。于是他就被人称作‘暴戾’。村长,就是这个原因,就是这个条件,使得有些人被人称作‘暴戾’。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Atha kho caṇḍo gāmaṇi yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho caṇḍo gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ko nu kho, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo yena midhekacco caṇḍo caṇḍotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Ko pana, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo yena midhekacco sorato soratotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’ti? ‘‘Idha, gāmaṇi, ekaccassa rāgo appahīno hoti. Rāgassa appahīnattā pare kopenti, parehi kopiyamāno kopaṃ pātukaroti. So caṇḍotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Doso appahīno hoti. Dosassa appahīnattā pare kopenti, parehi kopiyamāno kopaṃ pātukaroti. So caṇḍotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Moho appahīno hoti. Mohassa appahīnattā pare kopenti, parehi kopiyamāno kopaṃ pātukaroti. So caṇḍotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Ayaṃ kho, gāmaṇi, hetu, ayaṃ paccayo yena midhekacco caṇḍo caṇḍotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati’’.
4“而村长,这里,有些人贪爱断除了。因为贪爱已断,他不会去激怒别人,即使被激怒,也不会表现出愤怒。于是他就被人称作‘柔和’。他的嗔恨断除了。因为嗔恨已断,他不会去激怒别人,即使被激怒,也不会表现出愤怒。于是他就被人称作‘柔和’。他的愚痴断除了。因为愚痴已断,他不会去激怒别人,即使被激怒,也不会表现出愤怒。村长,就是这个原因,就是这个条件,使得有些人被人称作‘柔和’。”
‘‘Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekaccassa rāgo pahīno hoti. Rāgassa pahīnattā pare na kopenti, parehi kopiyamāno kopaṃ na pātukaroti. So soratotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Doso pahīno hoti. Dosassa pahīnattā pare na kopenti, parehi kopiyamāno kopaṃ na pātukaroti. So soratotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Moho pahīno hoti. Mohassa pahīnattā pare na kopenti, parehi kopiyamāno kopaṃ na pātukaroti. So soratotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Ayaṃ kho, gāmaṇi, hetu ayaṃ paccayo yena midhekacco sorato soratotveva saṅkhaṃ gacchatī’’ti.
5听了这话,旃陀村长对世尊说:“太精彩了,尊者,太精彩了!尊者,这就好像把倒下的东西扶正,把隐藏的东西揭开,为迷路的人指明道路,在黑暗中举着油灯,让有眼睛的人能看见东西。同样地,世尊用种种方式把法讲清楚了。尊者,我从今往后,归依世尊、归依法、归依比丘僧伽。请世尊接受我为近事男,从今日起直到生命结束,我都归依三宝。”
Evaṃ vutte, caṇḍo gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante, abhikkantaṃ, bhante! Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti; evamevaṃ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ.
62. 答喇布答经
2. Tālapuṭasuttaṃ
354有一次,世尊住在王舍城的竹林松鼠饲养园。那时,戏师村长答喇布答来拜访世尊。他到了以后,向世尊敬礼,坐在一旁。坐在一旁后,戏师村长答喇布答对世尊这样说:“尊者,我曾经听过去的戏师祖师辈们这么说:‘那个在舞台中央、在集会中央用真实与虚假让众人欢笑、娱乐的戏师,在身体崩解死亡之后,会投生到欢笑天的群体中。’世尊您对此怎么说?”“够了,村长,别再问这个了。不要问我这个。”第二次,戏师村长答喇布答又对世尊说:“尊者,我曾经听过过去的戏师祖师辈们这么说……世尊您对此怎么说?”“够了,村长,别再问这个了。不要问我这个。”第三次,戏师村长答喇布答再次对世尊说:“尊者,我曾经听过过去的戏师祖师辈们这么说:‘那个在舞台中央、在集会中央用真实与虚假让众人欢笑、娱乐的戏师,在身体崩解死亡之后,会投生到欢笑天的群体中。’世尊您对此怎么说?”
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho tālapuṭo naṭagāmaṇi yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho tālapuṭo naṭagāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante, pubbakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ naṭānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ – ‘yo so naṭo raṅgamajjhe samajjamajjhe saccālikena janaṃ hāseti rameti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā pahāsānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjatī’ti. Idha bhagavā kimāhā’’ti? ‘‘Alaṃ, gāmaṇi, tiṭṭhatetaṃ. Mā maṃ etaṃ pucchī’’ti. Dutiyampi kho tālapuṭo naṭagāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante, pubbakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ naṭānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ – ‘yo so naṭo raṅgamajjhe samajjamajjhe saccālikena janaṃ hāseti rameti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā pahāsānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjatī’ti. Idha bhagavā kimāhā’’ti? ‘‘Alaṃ, gāmaṇi, tiṭṭhatetaṃ. Mā maṃ etaṃ pucchī’’ti. Tatiyampi kho tālapuṭo naṭagāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante, pubbakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ naṭānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ – ‘yo so naṭo raṅgamajjhe samajjamajjhe saccālikena janaṃ hāseti rameti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā pahāsānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjatī’ti. Idha bhagavā kimāhā’’ti?
8“村长,我确实得不到你的许可说‘够了,村长,别问这件事,不要问我这件事。’但我还是为你解说吧。村长,那位在战场上奋勇努力的战士,在投入之前,他的心已经先被一种恶劣不善的意向所占据,那就是:‘愿这些众生被杀、或被绑、或被消灭、或被毁灭、或根本就不存在。’当他奋勇努力时,别人将他杀死歼灭,他在身坏命终后,会投生到名为‘被击败者’的地狱中去。如果他持有这样的见解:‘那位在战场上奋勇努力的战士,当他奋勇努力时,别人将他杀死歼灭,他在身坏命终后,会投生到名为“被击败者”的天神同伴中’,那么,他持有的是邪见。村长,对于持有邪见的人,我说他只有两种趣处中的一种——地狱或者畜生界。”
‘‘Addhā kho tyāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, na labhāmi – ‘alaṃ, gāmaṇi, tiṭṭhatetaṃ; mā maṃ etaṃ pucchī’ti. Api ca tyāhaṃ byākarissāmi. Yo so, gāmaṇi, yodhājīvo saṅgāme ussahati vāyamati, tassa taṃ cittaṃ pubbe gahitaṃ dukkaṭaṃ duppaṇihitaṃ – ‘ime sattā haññantu vā bajjhantu vā ucchijjantu vā vinassantu vā mā vā ahesuṃ iti vā’ti. Tamenaṃ ussahantaṃ vāyamantaṃ pare hananti pariyāpādenti; so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā parajito nāma nirayo tattha upapajjatīti. Sace kho panassa evaṃ diṭṭhi hoti – ‘yo so yodhājīvo saṅgāme ussahati vāyamati tamenaṃ ussahantaṃ vāyamantaṃ pare hananti pariyāpādenti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā parajitānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjatī’ti, sāssa hoti micchādiṭṭhi. Micchādiṭṭhikassa kho panāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, purisapuggalassa dvinnaṃ gatīnaṃ aññataraṃ gatiṃ vadāmi – nirayaṃ vā tiracchānayoniṃ vā’’ti.
9听了这话,戏师村长答喇布答放声大哭,泪流满面。世尊说:“村长,我正是没能制止你,告诉你说‘够了,村长,别再问这个了’。”他回答说:“尊者,我并不是因为世尊对我这样说而哭。我是在哭,尊者,这么久以来,我被那些过去的戏师祖师辈们欺骗、蒙蔽、误导了,他们说:‘那个在舞台中央、在集会中央,用真实与虚假让众人欢笑、娱乐的戏师,在身体崩解死亡之后,会投生到欢笑天的群体中。’太精彩了,尊者,太精彩了!这就好像把倒下的东西扶正,把隐藏的东西揭开,为迷路的人指明道路,在黑暗中举着油灯,让有眼睛的人能看见东西。同样地,世尊用种种方式把法讲清楚了。尊者,我归依世尊、归依法、归依比丘僧伽。尊者,我请求在世尊座下出家,请求受具足戒。”于是,戏师村长答喇布答得以在世尊座下出家,并受了具足戒。受具足戒后不久,答喇布答尊者……成就了阿拉汉果。
Evaṃ vutte, tālapuṭo naṭagāmaṇi, parodi, assūni pavattesi. ‘‘Etaṃ kho tyāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, nālatthaṃ – ‘alaṃ, gāmaṇi, tiṭṭhatetaṃ; mā maṃ etaṃ pucchī’’’ti. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhante, etaṃ rodāmi yaṃ maṃ bhagavā evamāha; api cāhaṃ, bhante, pubbakehi ācariyapācariyehi naṭehi dīgharattaṃ nikato vañcito paluddho – ‘yo so naṭo raṅgamajjhe samajjamajjhe saccālikena janaṃ hāseti rameti so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā pahāsānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjatī’’’ti. ‘‘Abhikkantaṃ, bhante, abhikkantaṃ, bhante! Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti; evamevaṃ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada’’nti. Alattha kho tālapuṭo naṭagāmaṇi bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, alattha upasampadaṃ. Acirūpasampanno ca panāyasmā tālapuṭo…pe… arahataṃ ahosīti. Dutiyaṃ.
103. 战士经
3. Yodhājīvasuttaṃ
355那时,战士村长来到世尊那里。到后……坐在一边。坐好后,战士村长对世尊说:“尊者,我曾听过去历代师长中的战士们说:‘若战士在战场上奋勇努力,当他奋勇努力时,别人将他杀死歼灭,他在身坏命终后,会投生到名为“被击败者”的天神同伴中。’对此,世尊怎么说?”世尊说:“够了,村长,别问这件事,不要问我这件事。”第二次……第三次,战士村长又对世尊说:“尊者,我曾听过去历代师长中的战士们说:‘若战士在战场上奋勇努力,当他奋勇努力时,别人将他杀死歼灭,他在身坏命终后,会投生到名为“被击败者”的天神同伴中。’对此,世尊怎么说?”
Atha kho yodhājīvo gāmaṇi yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho yodhājīvo gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante, pubbakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ yodhājīvānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ – ‘yo so yodhājīvo saṅgāme ussahati vāyamati, tamenaṃ ussahantaṃ vāyamantaṃ pare hananti pariyāpādenti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā parajitānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjatī’ti. Idha bhagavā kimāhā’’ti? ‘‘Alaṃ , gāmaṇi, tiṭṭhatetaṃ; mā maṃ etaṃ pucchī’’ti. Dutiyampi kho…pe… tatiyampi kho yodhājīvo gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante, pubbakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ yodhājīvānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ – ‘yo so yodhājīvo saṅgāme ussahati vāyamati, tamenaṃ ussahantaṃ vāyamantaṃ pare hananti pariyāpādenti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā parajitānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjatī’ti. Idha bhagavā kimāhā’’ti?
12“村长,我确实得不到你的许可说‘够了,村长,别问这件事,不要问我这件事。’但我还是为你解说吧。村长,那位在战场上奋勇努力的马兵,在投入之前,他的心已经先被一种恶劣不善的意向所占据,那就是:‘愿这些众生被杀、或被绑、或被消灭、或被毁灭、或根本就不存在。’当他奋勇努力时,别人将他杀死歼灭,他在身坏命终后,会投生到名为‘被击败者’的地狱中去。如果他持有这样的见解:‘那位在战场上奋勇努力的马兵,当他奋勇努力时,别人将他杀死歼灭,他在身坏命终后,会投生到名为“被击败者”的天神同伴中’,那么,他持有的是邪见。村长,对于持有邪见的人,我说他只有两种趣处中的一种——地狱或者畜生界。”
‘‘Addhā kho tyāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, na labhāmi – ‘alaṃ, gāmaṇi, tiṭṭhatetaṃ; mā maṃ etaṃ pucchī’ti. Api ca kho tyāhaṃ byākarissāmi. Yo so, gāmaṇi, assāroho saṅgāme ussahati vāyamati tassa taṃ cittaṃ pubbe gahitaṃ dukkaṭaṃ duppaṇihitaṃ – ‘ime sattā haññantu vā bajjhantu vā ucchijjantu vā vinassantu vā mā ahesuṃ iti vā’ti. Tamenaṃ ussahantaṃ vāyamantaṃ pare hananti pariyāpādenti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā parajito nāma nirayo tattha upapajjati. Sace kho panassa evaṃ diṭṭhi hoti – ‘yo so assāroho saṅgāme ussahati vāyamati, tamenaṃ ussahantaṃ vāyamantaṃ pare hananti pariyāpādenti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā parajitānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjatī’ti, sāssa hoti micchādiṭṭhi. Micchādiṭṭhikassa kho panāhaṃ gāmaṇi, purisapuggalassa dvinnaṃ gatīnaṃ aññataraṃ gatiṃ vadāmi – nirayaṃ vā tiracchānayoniṃ vā’’ti.
13听了这话,战士村长哭了,流下了眼泪。世尊说:“村长,我就是因为这个才没得到你许可说‘够了,村长,别问这件事,不要问我这件事’的。”战士村长说:“尊者,我不是因为世尊这样说而哭泣。而是,尊者,我想到我被过去的历代师长中的战士们长久地欺骗、蒙蔽、引诱了,他们说:‘那位在战场上奋勇努力的战士,当他奋勇努力时,别人将他杀死歼灭,他在身坏命终后,会投生到名为“被击败者”的天神同伴中。’”“太殊胜了,尊者……从今日起,我终生归依。”——第三经。
Evaṃ vutte, yodhājīvo gāmaṇi parodi, assūni pavattesi. ‘‘Etaṃ kho tyāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, nālatthaṃ – ‘alaṃ, gāmaṇi, tiṭṭhatetaṃ; mā maṃ etaṃ pucchī’’’ti. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhante, etaṃ rodāmi yaṃ maṃ bhagavā evamāha ; apicāhaṃ, bhante, pubbakehi ācariyapācariyehi yodhājīvehi dīgharattaṃ nikato vañcito paluddho – ‘yo so yodhājīvo saṅgāme ussahati vāyamati, tamenaṃ ussahantaṃ vāyamantaṃ pare hananti pariyāpādenti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā parajitānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjatī’’’ti. ‘‘Abhikkantaṃ, bhante…pe… ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Tatiyaṃ.
144. 象兵经
4. Hatthārohasuttaṃ
356那时,象兵村长来到世尊那里。到后……从今日起,我终生归依。——第四经。
Atha kho hatthāroho gāmaṇi yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā…pe… ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gatanti. Catutthaṃ.
165. 马兵经
5. Assārohasuttaṃ
357那时,马兵村长来到世尊那里。到后,坐在一边。坐好后,马兵村长对世尊说:“尊者,我曾听过去历代师长中的马兵们说:‘若马兵在战场上奋勇努力,当他奋勇努力时,别人将他杀死歼灭,他在身坏命终后,会投生到名为“被击败者”的天神同伴中。’对此,世尊怎么说?”世尊说:“够了,村长,别问这件事,不要问我这件事。”第二次……第三次,马兵村长又对世尊说:“尊者,我曾听过去历代师长中的马兵们说:‘若马兵在战场上奋勇努力,当他奋勇努力时,别人将他杀死歼灭,他在身坏命终后,会投生到名为“被击败者”的天神同伴中。’对此,世尊怎么说?”
Atha kho assāroho gāmaṇi yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho assāroho gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante, pubbakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ assārohānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ – ‘yo so assāroho saṅgāme ussahati vāyamati, tamenaṃ ussahantaṃ vāyamantaṃ pare hananti pariyāpādenti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā parajitānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjatī’ti. Idha bhagavā kimāhā’’ti? ‘‘Alaṃ, gāmaṇi, tiṭṭhatetaṃ; mā maṃ etaṃ pucchī’’ti. Dutiyampi kho…pe… tatiyampi kho assāroho gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante, pubbakānaṃ ācariyapācariyānaṃ assārohānaṃ bhāsamānānaṃ – ‘yo so assāroho saṅgāme ussahati vāyamati, tamenaṃ ussahantaṃ vāyamantaṃ pare hananti pariyāpādenti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā parajitānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjatī’ti. Idha bhagavā kimāhā’’ti?
18“村长,我的确没能得到你‘够了,村长,别再问这个了’的许可。但既然如此,我会为你解说。村长,以前的众生,贪爱没有远离,被贪爱的捆绑束缚着。对于他们,那个戏师在舞台中央、集会中央,把那些能让人生起贪染的东西变本加厉地表演给他们看。村长,以前的众生,嗔恨没有远离,被嗔恨的捆绑束缚着。对于他们,那个戏师在舞台中央、集会中央,把那些能让人生起嗔恨的东西变本加厉地表演给他们看。村长,以前的众生,愚痴没有远离,被愚痴的捆绑束缚着。对于他们,那个戏师在舞台中央、集会中央,把那些能让人变得愚痴的东西变本加厉地表演给他们看。他自己陶醉、放逸,也让别人陶醉、放逸。在身体崩解死亡之后,他会投生一个名叫‘欢笑’的地狱。如果他还持有这种见解:‘那个在舞台中央、在集会中央用真实与虚假让众人欢笑、娱乐的戏师,在身体崩解死亡之后,会投生到欢笑天的群体中’,那么这种见解就是邪见。村长,对于一个持有邪见的人,我说他只有两种去处的一种,不是地狱,就是畜生道。”
‘‘Addhā kho tyāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, na labhāmi – ‘alaṃ, gāmaṇi, tiṭṭhatetaṃ, mā maṃ etaṃ pucchī’ti. Api ca tyāhaṃ byākarissāmi. Pubbe kho, gāmaṇi, sattā avītarāgā rāgabandhanabaddhā. Tesaṃ naṭo raṅgamajjhe samajjamajjhe ye dhammā rajanīyā te upasaṃharati bhiyyosomattāya. Pubbe kho, gāmaṇi, sattā avītadosā dosabandhanabaddhā. Tesaṃ naṭo raṅgamajjhe samajjamajjhe ye dhammā dosanīyā te upasaṃharati bhiyyosomattāya. Pubbe kho, gāmaṇi , sattā avītamohā mohabandhanabaddhā. Tesaṃ naṭo raṅgamajjhe samajjamajjhe ye dhammā mohanīyā te upasaṃharati bhiyyosomattāya. So attanā matto pamatto pare madetvā pamādetvā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā pahāso nāma nirayo tattha upapajjati. Sace kho panassa evaṃdiṭṭhi hoti – ‘yo so naṭo raṅgamajjhe samajjamajjhe saccālikena janaṃ hāseti rameti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā pahāsānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjatī’ti, sāssa hoti micchādiṭṭhi. Micchādiṭṭhikassa kho panāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, purisapuggalassa dvinnaṃ gatīnaṃ aññataraṃ gatiṃ vadāmi – nirayaṃ vā tiracchānayoniṃ vā’’ti.
19听了这话,马兵村长哭了,流下眼泪。世尊说:“村长,我刚才没能拦下你,没有让你打住,别再问我那个问题了。”村长回答:“尊者,我不是为了世尊对我说的这番话而哭泣。而是我想到,尊者,我长期以来被从前的那些象兵马兵前辈老师们欺骗、误导、蒙蔽了。他们一直告诉我:‘如果有个马兵在战场上奋勇作战、努力杀敌,当他这样奋勇努力时,被别人杀死,那他身坏命终之后,就能投生到那些战死者的天界中去。’尊者,这真是了不起……从今天起,我尽形寿归依三宝。”第五经。
Evaṃ vutte, assāroho gāmaṇi parodi, assūni pavattesi. ‘‘Etaṃ kho tyāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, nālatthaṃ – ‘alaṃ, gāmaṇi, tiṭṭhatetaṃ; mā maṃ etaṃ pucchī’’’ti. ‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhante, etaṃ rodāmi yaṃ maṃ bhagavā evamāha. Apicāhaṃ, bhante, pubbakehi ācariyapācariyehi assārohehi dīgharattaṃ nikato vañcito paluddho – ‘yo so assāroho saṅgāme ussahati vāyamati, tamenaṃ ussahantaṃ vāyamantaṃ pare hananti pariyāpādenti, so kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā parajitānaṃ devānaṃ sahabyataṃ upapajjatī’’’ti. ‘‘Abhikkantaṃ, bhante…pe… ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Pañcamaṃ.
206. 阿西班达咖子经
6. Asibandhakaputtasuttaṃ
358有一次,世尊住在那烂达的波波利菴婆林。那时,阿西班达咖子村长来见世尊。到了之后,向世尊礼敬,坐在一旁。坐定后,阿西班达咖子村长对世尊这样说:“尊者,那些住在西部地区的婆罗门,手持水壶,戴着水草花环,行入水仪式,侍奉火神。他们能让死者、亡者超度上升,能让死者、亡者被知晓,据说能把人送入天界。但尊者,世尊您是阿拉汉、正自觉者,您能不能做到这样呢:让这整个世界的人,在身坏命终之后,全都投生到善趣、天界中去?”世尊说:“既然如此,村长,我就针对这件事反问你。你按着能答复我的方式来回答吧。”
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā nāḷandāyaṃ viharati pāvārikambavane. Atha kho asibandhakaputto gāmaṇi yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho asibandhakaputto gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘brāhmaṇā, bhante, pacchā bhūmakā kāmaṇḍalukā sevālamālikā udakorohakā aggiparicārakā. Te mataṃ kālaṅkataṃ uyyāpenti nāma saññāpenti nāma saggaṃ nāma okkāmenti. Bhagavā pana, bhante, arahaṃ sammāsambuddho pahoti tathā kātuṃ yathā sabbo loko kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyā’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi, gāmaṇi, taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi. Yathā te khameyya tathā naṃ byākareyyāsī’’ti.
22“村长,你是怎么想的?假如这里有一个人,他杀生、偷盗、邪淫、说谎、挑拨离间、说粗话、说闲话、贪心、有嗔恚心、持邪见。然后有一大群人聚集起来,一同为他恳求、赞美、合掌、绕行,祝祷说:‘愿这个人身坏命终之后,投生到善趣、天界中去!’村长,你怎么想?这个人会因为这群人的恳求、赞美、合掌绕行的缘故,就在身坏命终之后,投生到善趣、天界中去吗?”村长答:“这不可能,尊者。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, idhassa puriso pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī pisuṇavāco pharusavāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālu byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhiko. Tamenaṃ mahā janakāyo saṅgamma samāgamma āyāceyya thomeyya pañjaliko anuparisakkeyya – ‘ayaṃ puriso kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjatū’ti. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi , api nu so puriso mahato janakāyassa āyācanahetu vā thomanahetu vā pañjalikā anuparisakkanahetu vā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
23“村长,就好比有个人,把一块又大又重的石头扔进一个深水湖里。然后有一大群人聚集起来,一同对着它恳求、赞美、合掌、绕行,祝祷说:‘浮上来吧,大石头!漂起来吧,大石头!升到水面上来吧,大石头!’村长,你怎么想?这块大石头会因为这群人的恳求、赞美、合掌绕行的缘故,就浮上来、漂起来、升到水面上来吗?”村长答:“这不可能,尊者。”世尊说:“正是如此,村长。那个杀生、偷盗……持邪见的人,就算有一大群人聚集起来,为他恳求、赞美、合掌绕行,祝祷说:‘愿这个人身坏命终之后,投生到善趣、天界中去!’这个人也还是在身坏命终之后,投生到恶道、恶趣、苦界、地狱中去。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, puriso mahatiṃ puthusilaṃ gambhīre udakarahade pakkhipeyya. Tamenaṃ mahā janakāyo saṅgamma samāgamma āyāceyya thomeyya pañjaliko anuparisakkeyya – ‘ummujja, bho puthusile, uplava, bho puthusile , thalamuplava, bho puthusile’ti. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, api nu sā puthusilā mahato janakāyassa āyācanahetu vā thomanahetu vā pañjalikā anuparisakkanahetu vā ummujjeyya vā uplaveyya vā thalaṃ vā uplaveyyā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Evameva kho, gāmaṇi, yo so puriso pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī pisuṇavāco pharusavāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālu byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhiko. Kiñcāpi taṃ mahā janakāyo saṅgamma samāgamma āyāceyya thomeyya pañjaliko anuparisakkeyya – ‘ayaṃ puriso kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjatū’’’ti, atha kho so puriso kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyya.
24“村长,你是怎么想的?假如这里有一个人,他远离杀生、远离偷盗、远离邪淫、远离说谎、远离挑拨离间、远离说粗话、远离说闲话、不贪心、没有嗔恚心、持正见。然后有一大群人聚集起来,一同为他恳求、赞美、合掌、绕行,诅咒说:‘愿这个人身坏命终之后,投生到恶道、恶趣、苦界、地狱中去!’村长,你怎么想?这个人会因为这群人的恳求、赞美、合掌绕行的缘故,就在身坏命终之后,投生到恶道、恶趣、苦界、地狱中去吗?”村长答:“这不可能,尊者。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, idhassa puriso pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato musāvādā paṭivirato pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato samphappalāpā paṭivirato anabhijjhālu abyāpannacitto sammādiṭṭhiko. Tamenaṃ mahā janakāyo saṅgamma samāgamma āyāceyya thomeyya pañjaliko anuparisakkeyya – ‘ayaṃ puriso kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjatū’ti. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, api nu so puriso mahato janakāyassa āyācanahetu vā thomanahetu vā pañjalikā anuparisakkanahetu vā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyyā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
25“村长,就好比有个人,把一个装满酥油的罐子,或者一个装满油的罐子,浸入一个深水湖里,然后把它打破。那里面的砂石、碎瓦片会沉下去;但那里的酥油或油,会向上浮起来。然后有一大群人聚集起来,一同对着它恳求、赞美、合掌、绕行,祝祷说:‘沉下去吧,酥油和油!没入水底吧,酥油和油!往下走吧,酥油和油!’村长,你怎么想?这些酥油和油,会因为这群人的恳求、赞美、合掌绕行的缘故,就沉下去、没入水底、往下走吗?”村长答:“这不可能,尊者。”世尊说:“正是如此,村长。那个远离杀生、远离偷盗……持正见的人,就算有一大群人聚集起来,为他恳求、赞美、合掌绕行,诅咒说:‘愿这个人身坏命终之后,投生到恶道、恶趣、苦界、地狱中去!’这个人也还是在身坏命终之后,投生到善趣、天界中去。”听了这话,阿西班达咖子村长对世尊说:“这真是了不起,尊者……从今天起,我尽形寿归依三宝。”第六经。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, puriso sappikumbhaṃ vā telakumbhaṃ vā gambhīre udakarahade ogāhetvā bhindeyya. Tatra yāssa sakkharā vā kaṭhalā vā sā adhogāmī assa; yañca khvassa tatra sappi vā telaṃ vā taṃ uddhaṃ gāmi assa. Tamenaṃ mahā janakāyo saṅgamma samāgamma āyāceyya thomeyya pañjaliko anuparisakkeyya – ‘osīda, bho sappitela, saṃsīda , bho sappitela, adho gaccha, bho sappitelā’ti. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, api nu taṃ sappitelaṃ mahato janakāyassa āyācanahetu vā thomanahetu vā pañjalikā anuparisakkanahetu vā osīdeyya vā saṃsīdeyya vā adho vā gaccheyyā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Evameva kho, gāmaṇi, yo so puriso pāṇātipātā paṭivirato, adinnādānā paṭivirato, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato, musāvādā paṭivirato, pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato, pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato , samphappalāpā paṭivirato, anabhijjhālu, abyāpannacitto, sammādiṭṭhiko, kiñcāpi taṃ mahā janakāyo saṅgamma samāgamma āyāceyya thomeyya pañjaliko anuparisakkeyya – ‘ayaṃ puriso kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjatū’ti, atha kho so puriso kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, asibandhakaputto gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante…pe… ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
267. 田喻经
7. Khettūpamasuttaṃ
359有一次,世尊住在纳朗达的帕瓦利咖芒果林。那时,阿西班达咖子村长来到世尊那里,到了之后,礼敬世尊,在一旁坐下。坐在一旁的阿西班达咖子村长对世尊这样说:“大德,世尊不是安住于对一切生灵、一切有生命者的利益与悲悯中吗?”“是的,村长,如来安住于对一切生灵、一切有生命者的利益与悲悯中。”“那样的话,大德,为什么世尊对有些人详尽地教导法,对另外一些人却并没有那样详尽地教导法呢?”“那么,村长,我在这里就以这件事反问你。你怎么想,就怎么回答。村长,你是怎么想的:假设有一位身为农夫的居士,他有三块田地,一块是上等田,一块是中等田,一块是下等田——沙砾地、盐碱地、劣地。村长,你是怎么想的:那位身为农夫的居士,他想要播种,他会最先在哪块田里播种呢?是在那块上等田,还是在那块中等田,还是在那块下等的沙砾地、盐碱地、劣地呢?”“大德,那位身为农夫的居士想要播种,会最先在那块上等田里播种;在那里播完之后,会在那块中等田里播种;在那里播完之后,或许会,也或许不会在那块下等的沙砾地、盐碱地、劣地里播种。那是什么原因呢?因为至少还能当牛饲料也好啊。”
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā nāḷandāyaṃ viharati pāvārikambavane. Atha kho asibandhakaputto gāmaṇi yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho asibandhakaputto gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘nanu, bhante, bhagavā sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharatī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, gāmaṇi, tathāgato sabbapāṇabhūtahitānukampī viharatī’’ti. ‘‘Atha kiñcarahi, bhante, bhagavā ekaccānaṃ sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ deseti, ekaccānaṃ no tathā sakkaccaṃ dhammaṃ desetī’’ti? ‘‘Tena hi, gāmaṇi, taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi. Yathā te khameyya tathā naṃ byākareyyāsi. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, idhassu kassakassa gahapatino tīṇi khettāni – ekaṃ khettaṃ aggaṃ, ekaṃ khettaṃ majjhimaṃ, ekaṃ khettaṃ hīnaṃ jaṅgalaṃ ūsaraṃ pāpabhūmi. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, asu kassako gahapati bījāni patiṭṭhāpetukāmo kattha paṭhamaṃ patiṭṭhāpeyya, yaṃ vā aduṃ khettaṃ aggaṃ , yaṃ vā aduṃ khettaṃ majjhimaṃ, yaṃ vā aduṃ khettaṃ hīnaṃ jaṅgalaṃ ūsaraṃ pāpabhūmī’’ti? ‘‘Asu, bhante, kassako gahapati bījāni patiṭṭhāpetukāmo yaṃ aduṃ khettaṃ aggaṃ tattha patiṭṭhāpeyya . Tattha patiṭṭhāpetvā yaṃ aduṃ khettaṃ majjhimaṃ tattha patiṭṭhāpeyya. Tattha patiṭṭhāpetvā yaṃ aduṃ khettaṃ hīnaṃ jaṅgalaṃ ūsaraṃ pāpabhūmi tattha patiṭṭhāpeyyapi, nopi patiṭṭhāpeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Antamaso gobhattampi bhavissatī’’ti.
28“村长,就像那块上等田一样,我的比丘、比丘尼们就是如此。我为他们教导法:开头是善的,中间是善的,结尾是善的,有意义、有文句,我宣说全然圆满、清净的梵行。那是什么原因呢?村长,因为他们是依止我为岛屿、依止我为庇护所、依止我为保护者、依止我为归依处而安住的。村长,就像那块中等田一样,我的男居士、女居士们就是如此。我也为他们教导法:开头是善的,中间是善的,结尾是善的,有意义、有文句,我宣说全然圆满、清净的梵行。那是什么原因呢?村长,因为他们是依止我为岛屿、依止我为庇护所、依止我为保护者、依止我为归依处而安住的。村长,就像那块下等的沙砾地、盐碱地、劣地一样,其他外道的沙门、婆罗门、游行者们就是如此。我也为他们教导法:开头是善的,中间是善的,结尾是善的,有意义、有文句,我宣说全然圆满、清净的梵行。那是什么原因呢?他们哪怕只理解一句,也能为他们带来长久的利益和安乐。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, yaṃ aduṃ khettaṃ aggaṃ; evameva mayhaṃ bhikkhubhikkhuniyo. Tesāhaṃ dhammaṃ desemi – ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsemi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ete hi, gāmaṇi, maṃdīpā maṃleṇā maṃtāṇā maṃsaraṇā viharanti. Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, yaṃ aduṃ khettaṃ majjhimaṃ; evameva mayhaṃ upāsakaupāsikāyo. Tesaṃ pāhaṃ dhammaṃ desemi – ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ, sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsemi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ete hi, gāmaṇi, maṃdīpā maṃleṇā maṃtāṇā maṃsaraṇā viharanti. Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, yaṃ aduṃ khettaṃ hīnaṃ jaṅgalaṃ ūsaraṃ pāpabhūmi; evameva mayhaṃ aññatitthiyā samaṇabrāhmaṇaparibbājakā . Tesaṃ pāhaṃ dhammaṃ desemi – ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsemi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Appeva nāma ekaṃ padampi ājāneyyuṃ taṃ nesaṃ assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti.
29“村长,就好比一个人有三个水罐:一个水罐没有洞,不能拿也不能搬;一个水罐没有洞,能拿也能搬;一个水罐有洞,能拿也能搬。村长,你是怎么想的:那个人想要存水,他会最先放在哪个水罐里呢?是那个没有洞、不能拿也不能搬的水罐,还是那个没有洞、能拿也能搬的水罐,还是那个有洞、能拿也能搬的水罐呢?”“大德,那个人想要存水,会最先放在那个没有洞、不能拿也不能搬的水罐里;在那里放了之后,会放在那个没有洞、能拿也能搬的水罐里;在那里放了之后,或许会,也或许不会放在那个有洞、能拿也能搬的水罐里。那是什么原因呢?因为至少还能当洗涤水也好啊。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, purisassa tayo udakamaṇikā – eko udakamaṇiko acchiddo ahārī aparihārī, eko udakamaṇiko acchiddo hārī parihārī, eko udakamaṇiko chiddo hārī parihārī. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, asu puriso udakaṃ nikkhipitukāmo kattha paṭhamaṃ nikkhipeyya, yo vā so udakamaṇiko acchiddo ahārī aparihārī, yo vā so udakamaṇiko acchiddo hārī parihārī, yo vā so udakamaṇiko chiddo hārī parihārī’’ti? ‘‘Asu, bhante, puriso udakaṃ nikkhipitukāmo, yo so udakamaṇiko acchiddo ahārī aparihārī tattha nikkhipeyya, tattha nikkhipitvā, yo so udakamaṇiko acchiddo hārī parihārī tattha nikkhipeyya, tattha nikkhipitvā, yo so udakamaṇiko chiddo hārī parihārī tattha nikkhipeyyapi, nopi nikkhipeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Antamaso bhaṇḍadhovanampi bhavissatī’’ti.
30“村长,就像那个没有洞、不能拿也不能搬的水罐一样,我的比丘、比丘尼们就是如此。我为他们教导法:开头是善的,中间是善的,结尾是善的,有意义、有文句,我宣说全然圆满、清净的梵行。那是什么原因呢?村长,因为他们是依止我为岛屿、依止我为庇护所、依止我为保护者、依止我为归依处而安住的。村长,就像那个没有洞、能拿也能搬的水罐一样,我的男居士、女居士们就是如此。我为他们教导法:开头是善的,中间是善的,结尾是善的,有意义、有文句,我宣说全然圆满、清净的梵行。那是什么原因呢?村长,因为他们是依止我为岛屿、依止我为庇护所、依止我为保护者、依止我为归依处而安住的。村长,就像那个有洞、能拿也能搬的水罐一样,其他外道的沙门、婆罗门、游行者们就是如此。我为他们教导法:开头是善的,中间是善的,结尾是善的,有意义、有文句,我宣说全然圆满、清净的梵行。那是什么原因呢?他们哪怕只理解一句,也能为他们带来长久的利益和安乐。” 这样说了之后,阿西班达咖子村长对世尊这样说:“太殊胜了,大德……从今天起,我尽形寿归依。” 第七经。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, yo so udakamaṇiko acchiddo ahārī aparihārī; evameva mayhaṃ bhikkhubhikkhuniyo. Tesāhaṃ dhammaṃ desemi – ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ , kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsemi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ete hi, gāmaṇi, maṃdīpā maṃleṇā maṃtāṇā maṃsaraṇā viharanti. Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, yo so udakamaṇiko acchiddo hārī parihārī; evameva mayhaṃ upāsakaupāsikāyo. Tesāhaṃ dhammaṃ desemi – ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsemi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ete hi, gāmaṇi, maṃdīpā maṃleṇā maṃtāṇā maṃsaraṇā viharanti. Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, yo so udakamaṇiko chiddo hārī parihārī; evameva mayhaṃ aññatitthiyā samaṇabrāhmaṇaparibbājakā. Tesāhaṃ dhammaṃ desemi – ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsemi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Appeva nāma ekaṃ padampi ājāneyyuṃ, taṃ nesaṃ assa dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, asibandhakaputto gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante…pe… ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Sattamaṃ.
318. 吹螺经
8. Saṅkhadhamasuttaṃ
360有一次,世尊住在纳朗达的帕瓦利咖芒果林。那时,阿西班达咖子村长,是尼乾陀的弟子,他来到世尊那里。到了之后,在一旁坐下。世尊对坐在一旁的阿西班达咖子村长这样说:“村长,尼乾陀·那答子是怎么教导他的弟子们法的呢?”“大德,尼乾陀·那答子是这样教导他的弟子们法的:‘凡是杀害生命的人,他整个都必定堕入恶趣、地狱;凡是拿取未给与之物的人,他整个都必定堕入恶趣、地狱;凡是在欲乐上邪行的人,他整个都必定堕入恶趣、地狱;凡是说妄语的人,他整个都必定堕入恶趣、地狱。一个人常常以什么方式、常常以什么方式安住,他就会依着那个、依着那个被牵引而去。’大德,尼乾陀·那答子就是这样教导他的弟子们法的。”“村长,如果‘一个人常常以什么方式、常常以什么方式安住,他就会依着那个、依着那个被牵引而去’真是这样,那么依照尼乾陀·那答子的话,就不会有任何人堕入恶趣、地狱了。
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā nāḷandāyaṃ viharati pāvārikambavane. Atha kho asibandhakaputto gāmaṇi nigaṇṭhasāvako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho asibandhakaputtaṃ gāmaṇiṃ bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho, gāmaṇi, nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ desetī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ kho, bhante, nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ deseti – ‘yo koci pāṇaṃ atipāteti, sabbo so āpāyiko nerayiko, yo koci adinnaṃ ādiyati, sabbo so āpāyiko nerayiko , yo koci kāmesu micchā carati, sabbo so āpāyiko nerayiko, yo koci musā bhaṇati sabbo, so āpāyiko nerayiko. Yaṃbahulaṃ yaṃbahulaṃ viharati, tena tena nīyatī’ti. Evaṃ kho, bhante, nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto sāvakānaṃ dhammaṃ desetī’’ti. ‘‘‘Yaṃbahulaṃ yaṃbahulañca, gāmaṇi, viharati, tena tena nīyati’, evaṃ sante na koci āpāyiko nerayiko bhavissati, yathā nigaṇṭhassa nāṭaputtassa vacanaṃ’’.
33“村长,你是怎么想的:那个杀害生命的人,若将夜晚或白昼的片刻片刻累积起来看,哪个时间比较多?是他杀害生命的时间,还是他没有杀害生命的时间呢?”“大德,那个杀害生命的人,若将夜晚或白昼的片刻片刻累积起来看,他杀害生命的时间是比较少的,而他绝大部分的时间都是没有杀害生命的。”“村长,如果‘一个人常常以什么方式、常常以什么方式安住,他就会依着那个、依着那个被牵引而去’真是这样,那么依照尼乾陀·那答子的话,就不会有任何人堕入恶趣、地狱了。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, yo so puriso pāṇātipātī rattiyā vā divasassa vā samayāsamayaṃ upādāya, katamo bahutaro samayo, yaṃ vā so pāṇamatipāteti, yaṃ vā so pāṇaṃ nātipātetī’’ti? ‘‘Yo so, bhante, puriso pāṇātipātī rattiyā vā divasassa vā samayāsamayaṃ upādāya, appataro so samayo yaṃ so pāṇamatipāteti, atha kho sveva bahutaro samayo yaṃ so pāṇaṃ nātipātetī’’ti. ‘‘‘Yaṃbahulaṃ yaṃbahulañca, gāmaṇi, viharati tena tena nīyatī’ti, evaṃ sante na koci āpāyiko nerayiko bhavissati, yathā nigaṇṭhassa nāṭaputtassa vacanaṃ’’.
34“村长,你怎么看?一个人偷盗,不论白天黑夜,在种种时间里,他偷盗的时间多,还是不偷盗的时间多?”“尊者,一个偷盗的人,不论白天黑夜,在种种时间里,他偷盗的时间是很少的,而他不偷盗的时间反而是很多的。”“‘村长,一个人以哪一种习惯去生活,他就会朝那个方向被牵引过去。’如果真是这样,那就没有谁会堕入恶趣、地狱了,这就成了尼干陀·那答布答所说的话了。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, yo so puriso adinnādāyī rattiyā vā divasassa vā samayāsamayaṃ upādāya, katamo bahutaro samayo, yaṃ vā so adinnaṃ ādiyati, yaṃ vā so adinnaṃ nādiyatī’’ti. ‘‘Yo so, bhante, puriso adinnādāyī rattiyā vā divasassa vā samayāsamayaṃ upādāya appataro so samayo, yaṃ so adinnaṃ ādiyati, atha kho sveva bahutaro samayo, yaṃ so adinnaṃ nādiyatī’’ti. ‘‘‘Yaṃbahulaṃ yaṃbahulañca, gāmaṇi, viharati tena tena nīyatī’ti, evaṃ sante na koci āpāyiko nerayiko bhavissati, yathā nigaṇṭhassa nāṭaputtassa vacanaṃ’’.
35“村长,你怎么看?一个人邪淫,不论白天黑夜,在种种时间里,他行邪淫的时间多,还是不行邪淫的时间多?”“尊者,一个邪淫的人,不论白天黑夜,在种种时间里,他行邪淫的时间是很少的,而他不邪淫的时间反而是很多的。”“‘村长,一个人以哪一种习惯去生活,他就会朝那个方向被牵引过去。’如果真是这样,那就没有谁会堕入恶趣、地狱了,这就成了尼干陀·那答布答所说的话了。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, yo so puriso kāmesumicchācārī rattiyā vā divasassa vā samayāsamayaṃ upādāya, katamo bahutaro samayo, yaṃ vā so kāmesu micchā carati, yaṃ vā so kāmesu micchā na caratī’’ti? ‘‘Yo so, bhante, puriso kāmesumicchācārī rattiyā vā divasassa vā samayāsamayaṃ upādāya, appataro so samayo yaṃ so kāmesu micchā carati, atha kho sveva bahutaro samayo, yaṃ so kāmesu micchā na caratī’’ti. ‘‘‘Yaṃbahulaṃ yaṃbahulañca, gāmaṇi, viharati tena tena nīyatī’ti , evaṃ sante na koci āpāyiko nerayiko bhavissati, yathā nigaṇṭhassa nāṭaputtassa vacanaṃ’’.
36“村长,你怎么看?一个人妄语,不论白天黑夜,在种种时间里,他说妄语的时间多,还是不说妄语的时间多?”“尊者,一个妄语的人,不论白天黑夜,在种种时间里,他说妄语的时间是很少的,而他不说妄语的时间反而是很多的。”“‘村长,一个人以哪一种习惯去生活,他就会朝那个方向被牵引过去。’如果真是这样,那就没有谁会堕入恶趣、地狱了,这就成了尼干陀·那答布答所说的话了。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, yo so puriso musāvādī rattiyā vā divasassa vā samayāsamayaṃ upādāya, katamo bahutaro samayo, yaṃ vā so musā bhaṇati, yaṃ vā so musā na bhaṇatī’’ti? ‘‘Yo so, bhante , puriso musāvādī rattiyā vā divasassa vā samayāsamayaṃ upādāya , appataro so samayo, yaṃ so musā bhaṇati, atha kho sveva bahutaro samayo, yaṃ so musā na bhaṇatī’’ti. ‘‘‘Yaṃbahulaṃ yaṃbahulañca, gāmaṇi, viharati tena tena nīyatī’ti, evaṃ sante na koci āpāyiko nerayiko bhavissati, yathā nigaṇṭhassa nāṭaputtassa vacanaṃ’’.
37“村长,在此世间,有一位老师持这样的说法、这样的邪见:‘任何人只要杀生,他就必定堕入恶趣、地狱;任何人只要偷盗,他就必定堕入恶趣、地狱;任何人只要邪淫,他就必定堕入恶趣、地狱;任何人只要妄语,他就必定堕入恶趣、地狱。’村长,他的弟子对这样一位老师生起了净信。于是他这样想:‘我的老师持这样的说法、这样的邪见:任何人只要杀生,就必定堕入恶趣、地狱。而我确实杀过生,所以我也必定是堕恶趣、地狱的人。’他因此固守这样的邪见。村长,他如果不舍弃这样的话,不舍弃这样的心念,不舍弃这种邪见,就会像被搬运的东西一样被直接扔进地狱。他想:‘我的老师持这样的说法、这样的邪见:任何人只要偷盗,就必定堕入恶趣、地狱。我确实偷盗过,所以我也必定是堕恶趣、地狱的人。’他因此固守这样的邪见。他如果不舍弃这样的话,不舍弃这样的心念,不舍弃这种邪见,就会像被搬运的东西一样被直接扔进地狱。他想:‘我的老师持这样的说法、这样的邪见:任何人只要邪淫,就必定堕入恶趣、地狱。我确实邪淫过,所以我也必定是堕恶趣、地狱的人。’他因此固守这样的邪见。他如果不舍弃这样的话,不舍弃这样的心念,不舍弃这种邪见,就会像被搬运的东西一样被直接扔进地狱。他想:‘我的老师持这样的说法、这样的邪见:任何人只要妄语,就必定堕入恶趣、地狱。我确实说过妄语,所以我也必定是堕恶趣、地狱的人。’他因此固守这样的邪见。他如果不舍弃这样的话,不舍弃这样的心念,不舍弃这种邪见,就会像被搬运的东西一样被直接扔进地狱。”
‘‘Idha, gāmaṇi, ekacco satthā evaṃvādī hoti evaṃdiṭṭhi – ‘yo koci pāṇamatipāteti, sabbo so āpāyiko nerayiko, yo koci adinnaṃ ādiyati, sabbo so āpāyiko nerayiko, yo koci kāmesu micchā carati, sabbo so āpāyiko nerayiko, yo koci musā bhaṇati, sabbo so āpāyiko nerayiko’ti. Tasmiṃ kho pana, gāmaṇi, satthari sāvako abhippasanno hoti. Tassa evaṃ hoti – ‘mayhaṃ kho satthā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – yo koci pāṇamatipāteti, sabbo so āpāyiko nerayikoti. Atthi kho pana mayā pāṇo atipātito, ahampamhi āpāyiko nerayikoti diṭṭhiṃ paṭilabhati. Taṃ, gāmaṇi, vācaṃ appahāya taṃ cittaṃ appahāya taṃ diṭṭhiṃ appaṭinissajjitvā yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Mayhaṃ kho satthā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – yo koci adinnaṃ ādiyati, sabbo so āpāyiko nerayikoti. Atthi kho pana mayā adinnaṃ ādinnaṃ ahampamhi āpāyiko nerayikoti diṭṭhiṃ paṭilabhati. Taṃ, gāmaṇi, vācaṃ appahāya taṃ cittaṃ appahāya taṃ diṭṭhiṃ appaṭinissajjitvā yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Mayhaṃ kho satthā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – yo koci kāmesu micchā carati, sabbo so āpāyiko nerayiko’ti. Atthi kho pana mayā kāmesu micchā ciṇṇaṃ. ‘Ahampamhi āpāyiko nerayiko’ti diṭṭhiṃ paṭilabhati. Taṃ, gāmaṇi, vācaṃ appahāya taṃ cittaṃ appahāya taṃ diṭṭhiṃ appaṭinissajjitvā yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Mayhaṃ kho satthā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – yo koci musā bhaṇati, sabbo so āpāyiko nerayikoti. Atthi kho pana mayā musā bhaṇitaṃ. ‘Ahampamhi āpāyiko nerayiko’ti diṭṭhiṃ paṭilabhati. Taṃ, gāmaṇi, vācaṃ appahāya taṃ cittaṃ appahāya taṃ diṭṭhiṃ appaṭinissajjitvā yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye.
38“但是,村长,这里有另一种情况。如来出现在世间——他是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊。他通过种种方法呵责、谴责杀生,并说:‘你们应当远离杀生。’他呵责、谴责偷盗,并说:‘你们应当远离偷盗。’他呵责、谴责邪淫,并说:‘你们应当远离邪淫。’他呵责、谴责妄语,并说:‘你们应当远离妄语。’村长,他的弟子对这样一位老师生起了净信。于是他这样如理思惟:‘世尊通过种种方法呵责、谴责杀生,并教导应当远离杀生。然而,我确实或多或少地杀过生。我过去的这些杀生行为,不论多少,那都是不好的、不善的。如果我能因此而生起悔过之心,那么这已造的恶业也不会变成不曾造作了。’他这样思惟之后,就舍弃了那些杀生行为,并且在未来远离杀生。这就是他对这件恶业的断除,这就是他对这件恶业的超越。”
‘‘Idha pana, gāmaṇi, tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā. So anekapariyāyena pāṇātipātaṃ garahati vigarahati, ‘pāṇātipātā viramathā’ti cāha. Adinnādānaṃ garahati vigarahati, ‘adinnādānā viramathā’ti cāha. Kāmesumicchācāraṃ garahati, vigarahati ‘kāmesumicchācārā viramathā’ti cāha. Musāvādaṃ garahati vigarahati ‘musāvādā viramathā’ti cāha. Tasmiṃ kho pana, gāmaṇi, satthari sāvako abhippasanno hoti. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘bhagavā kho anekapariyāyena pāṇātipātaṃ garahati vigarahati, pāṇātipātā viramathāti cāha. Atthi kho pana mayā pāṇo atipātito yāvatako vā tāvatako vā. Yo kho pana mayā pāṇo atipātito yāvatako vā tāvatako vā, taṃ na suṭṭhu, taṃ na sādhu. Ahañceva kho pana tappaccayā vippaṭisārī assaṃ. Na metaṃ pāpaṃ kammaṃ akataṃ bhavissatī’ti. So iti paṭisaṅkhāya tañceva pāṇātipātaṃ pajahati. Āyatiñca pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti. Evametassa pāpassa kammassa pahānaṃ hoti. Evametassa pāpassa kammassa samatikkamo hoti.
39“他继续思惟:‘世尊通过种种方法呵责、谴责偷盗,并教导应当远离偷盗。然而,我确实或多或少地偷盗过。我过去的这些偷盗行为,不论多少,那都是不好的、不善的。如果我能因此而生起悔过之心,那么这已造的恶业也不会变成不曾造作了。’他这样思惟之后,就舍弃了那些偷盗行为,并且在未来远离偷盗。这就是他对这件恶业的断除,这就是他对这件恶业的超越。”
‘‘‘Bhagavā kho anekapariyāyena adinnādānaṃ garahati vigarahati, adinnādānā viramathāti cāha. Atthi kho pana mayā adinnaṃ ādinnaṃ yāvatakaṃ vā tāvatakaṃ vā. Yaṃ kho pana mayā adinnaṃ ādinnaṃ yāvatakaṃ vā tāvatakaṃ vā taṃ na suṭṭhu, taṃ na sādhu. Ahañceva kho pana tappaccayā vippaṭisārī assaṃ, na metaṃ pāpaṃ kammaṃ akataṃ bhavissatī’ti. So iti paṭisaṅkhāya tañceva adinnādānaṃ pajahati. Āyatiñca adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti. Evametassa pāpassa kammassa pahānaṃ hoti. Evametassa pāpassa kammassa samatikkamo hoti.
40“世尊确实用种种方法呵斥、强烈谴责邪欲行,并且说:‘你们要远离邪欲行。’而我确实在或多或少的程度上行过邪欲。我所作过的那些或多或少的邪欲行,那是不好的,那是不善的。但如果我因为那件事而后悔,我所作的这件恶业也不会因此就变成没做过。”他这样如理思惟后,就舍断了那邪欲行,并且未来也远离邪欲行。像这样,就是舍弃了这件恶业。像这样,就是超越了这件恶业。
‘‘‘Bhagavā kho pana anekapariyāyena kāmesumicchācāraṃ garahati vigarahati, kāmesumicchācārā viramathāti cāha. Atthi kho pana mayā kāmesu micchā ciṇṇaṃ yāvatakaṃ vā tāvatakaṃ vā. Yaṃ kho pana mayā kāmesu micchā ciṇṇaṃ yāvatakaṃ vā tāvatakaṃ vā taṃ na suṭṭhu, taṃ na sādhu. Ahañceva kho pana tappaccayā vippaṭisārī assaṃ, na metaṃ pāpaṃ kammaṃ akataṃ bhavissatī’ti. So iti paṭisaṅkhāya tañceva kāmesumicchācāraṃ pajahati, āyatiñca kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti. Evametassa pāpassa kammassa pahānaṃ hoti. Evametassa pāpassa kammassa samatikkamo hoti.
41“世尊确实用种种方法呵斥、强烈谴责妄语,并且说:‘你们要远离妄语。’而我确实在或多或少的程度上说过妄语。我所说过的那些或多或少的妄语,那是不好的,那是不善的。但如果我因为那件事而后悔,我所作的这件恶业也不会因此就变成没做过。”他这样如理思惟后,就舍断了那妄语,并且未来也远离妄语。像这样,就是舍弃了这件恶业。像这样,就是超越了这件恶业。
‘‘‘Bhagavā kho pana anekapariyāyena musāvādaṃ garahati vigarahati, musāvādā viramathāti cāha. Atthi kho pana mayā musā bhaṇitaṃ yāvatakaṃ vā tāvatakaṃ vā. Yaṃ kho pana mayā musā bhaṇitaṃ yāvatakaṃ vā tāvatakaṃ vā taṃ na suṭṭhu, taṃ na sādhu. Ahañceva kho pana tappaccayā vippaṭisārī assaṃ, na metaṃ pāpaṃ kammaṃ akataṃ bhavissatī’ti. So iti paṭisaṅkhāya tañceva musāvādaṃ pajahati, āyatiñca musāvādā paṭivirato hoti. Evametassa pāpassa kammassa pahānaṃ hoti. Evametassa pāpassa kammassa samatikkamo hoti.
42他舍断了杀生,远离杀生;舍断了不与取,远离不与取;舍断了邪欲行,远离邪欲行;舍断了妄语,远离妄语;舍断了离间语,远离离间语;舍断了粗恶语,远离粗恶语;舍断了杂秽语,远离杂秽语;舍断了贪欲,成为不贪欲的人;舍断了瞋恚恶意,成为心无瞋恚的人;舍断了邪见,成为具有正见的人。
‘‘So pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti. Adinnādānaṃ pahāya adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti. Kāmesumicchācāraṃ pahāya kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti. Musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato hoti. Pisuṇaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti. Pharusaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti. Samphappalāpaṃ pahāya samphappalāpā paṭivirato hoti. Abhijjhaṃ pahāya anabhijjhālu hoti. Byāpādappadosaṃ pahāya abyāpannacitto hoti. Micchādiṭṭhiṃ pahāya sammādiṭṭhiko hoti.
43村长,那位圣弟子这样远离了贪欲,远离了瞋恚,不愚痴,正知、具念,以与慈俱行的心遍满一个方向而住,同样地遍满第二个方向,同样地遍满第三个方向,同样地遍满第四个方向。像这样,向上、向下、横向、遍及一切处、一切场合、所有一切的世界,他以与慈俱行的心——广大、崇高、无量、无怨恨、无伤害——遍满而住。村长,就像一个强壮的吹螺人,不费什么力气就能让四方都听到螺声;同样地,村长,当慈心解脱这样被修习、这样被多作时,任何有限量的业,不会残留在那里,不会滞留在那里。
‘‘Sa kho so, gāmaṇi, ariyasāvako evaṃ vigatābhijjho vigatabyāpādo asammūḷho sampajāno paṭissato mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, balavā saṅkhadhamo appakasireneva catuddisā viññāpeyya; evameva kho, gāmaṇi, evaṃ bhāvitāya mettāya cetovimuttiyā evaṃ bahulīkatāya yaṃ pamāṇakataṃ kammaṃ, na taṃ tatrāvasissati, na taṃ tatrāvatiṭṭhati.
44村长,那位圣弟子这样远离了贪欲,远离了瞋恚,不愚痴,正知、具念,以与悲俱行的心……(中略)……以与喜俱行的心……(中略)。以与舍俱行的心遍满一个方向而住,同样地遍满第二个方向,同样地遍满第三个方向,同样地遍满第四个方向。像这样,向上、向下、横向、遍及一切处、一切场合、所有一切的世界,他以与舍俱行的心——广大、崇高、无量、无怨恨、无伤害——遍满而住。村长,就像一个强壮的吹螺人,不费什么力气就能让四方都听到螺声;同样地,村长,当舍心解脱这样被修习、这样被多作时,任何有限量的业,不会残留在那里,不会滞留在那里。”听了这话,阿西班达咖子村长对世尊这样说:“太殊胜了,尊者!太殊胜了,尊者!……请世尊接受我为优婆塞,从今日起,直至生命终结,终生归依。”第八经。
‘‘Sa kho so, gāmaṇi, ariyasāvako evaṃ vigatābhijjho vigatabyāpādo asammūḷho sampajāno paṭissato karuṇāsahagatena cetasā…pe… muditāsahagatena cetasā…pe…. Upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, balavā saṅkhadhamo appakasireneva catuddisā viññāpeyya; evameva kho, gāmaṇi, evaṃ bhāvitāya upekkhāya cetovimuttiyā evaṃ bahulīkatāya yaṃ pamāṇakataṃ kammaṃ na taṃ tatrāvasissati, na taṃ tatrāvatiṭṭhatī’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, asibandhakaputto gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante, abhikkantaṃ, bhante…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
459. 家族经
9. Kulasuttaṃ
361有一次,世尊在拘萨罗国游化,与一个大比丘僧团一起,来到了那烂陀。就在那里,世尊住在那烂陀的波婆利迦芒果林中。
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosalesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ yena nāḷandā tadavasari . Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā nāḷandāyaṃ viharati pāvārikambavane.
47那时,那烂陀正闹饥荒,粮食歉收,白骨遍地,靠配给度日。当时,尼干陀若提子正住在那烂陀,有一大群尼干陀弟子随行。阿西班达咖子村长是尼干陀的弟子,他去拜见尼干陀若提子,到了之后,向尼干陀若提子礼敬,坐在一旁。尼干陀若提子对坐在一旁的阿西班达咖子村长说:'来吧,村长,你去驳倒沙门乔达摩的论点。这样,你的好名声就会传开——阿西班达咖子村长驳倒了有如此大神通、如此大威力的沙门乔达摩的论点。'
Tena kho pana samayena nāḷandā dubbhikkhā hoti dvīhitikā setaṭṭhikā salākāvuttā. Tena kho pana samayena nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto nāḷandāyaṃ paṭivasati mahatiyā nigaṇṭhaparisāya saddhiṃ. Atha kho asibandhakaputto gāmaṇi nigaṇṭhasāvako yena nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā nigaṇṭhaṃ nāṭaputtaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho asibandhakaputtaṃ gāmaṇiṃ nigaṇṭho nāṭaputto etadavoca – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ, gāmaṇi, samaṇassa gotamassa vādaṃ āropehi. Evaṃ te kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchissati – ‘asibandhakaputtena gāmaṇinā samaṇassa gotamassa evaṃmahiddhikassa evaṃmahānubhāvassa vādo āropito’’’ti.
48'可是,尊者,我怎样才能驳倒有如此大神通、如此大威力的沙门乔达摩的论点呢?''来吧,村长,你去找沙门乔达摩,到了之后,对沙门乔达摩这样说:尊者,世尊不是用种种方式赞叹对家庭的怜悯、赞叹对家庭的保护、赞叹对家庭的慈悲吗?村长,如果沙门乔达摩被这样问到时这样回答:是的,村长,如来用种种方式赞叹对家庭的怜悯、赞叹对家庭的保护、赞叹对家庭的慈悲。那么你就这样对他说:尊者,既然如此,为什么世尊在饥荒、粮食歉收、白骨遍地、靠配给度日的时候,还带着大比丘僧团到处游行呢?世尊是在让家庭走向灭绝,世尊是在让家庭走向灾祸,世尊是在让家庭走向毁灭!村长,沙门乔达摩被问到这个两头堵的问题时,既吞不下,也吐不出。''好的,尊者。'阿西班达咖子村长回应了尼干陀若提子,然后从座位起身,向尼干陀若提子礼敬,右绕之后,就去拜见世尊。到了之后,向世尊礼敬,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的阿西班达咖子村长对世尊说:
‘‘Kathaṃ panāhaṃ, bhante, samaṇassa gotamassa evaṃmahiddhikassa evaṃmahānubhāvassa vādaṃ āropessāmī’’ti ? ‘‘Ehi tvaṃ, gāmaṇi, yena samaṇo gotamo tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ vadehi – ‘nanu, bhante, bhagavā anekapariyāyena kulānaṃ anuddayaṃ vaṇṇeti, anurakkhaṃ vaṇṇeti, anukampaṃ vaṇṇetī’ti? Sace kho, gāmaṇi, samaṇo gotamo evaṃ puṭṭho evaṃ byākaroti – ‘evaṃ, gāmaṇi, tathāgato anekapariyāyena kulānaṃ anuddayaṃ vaṇṇeti, anurakkhaṃ vaṇṇeti, anukampaṃ vaṇṇetī’ti, tamenaṃ tvaṃ evaṃ vadeyyāsi – ‘atha kiñcarahi, bhante, bhagavā dubbhikkhe dvīhitike setaṭṭhike salākāvutte mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ cārikaṃ carati? Ucchedāya bhagavā kulānaṃ paṭipanno, anayāya bhagavā kulānaṃ paṭipanno, upaghātāya bhagavā kulānaṃ paṭipanno’ti! Imaṃ kho te, gāmaṇi, samaṇo gotamo ubhatokoṭikaṃ pañhaṃ puṭṭho neva sakkhati uggilituṃ, neva sakkhati ogilitu’’nti. ‘‘Evaṃ , bhante’’ti kho asibandhakaputto gāmaṇi nigaṇṭhassa nāṭaputtassa paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā nigaṇṭhaṃ nāṭaputtaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho asibandhakaputto gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
49'尊者,世尊不是用种种方式赞叹对家庭的怜悯、赞叹对家庭的保护、赞叹对家庭的慈悲吗?''是的,村长,如来用种种方式赞叹对家庭的怜悯、赞叹对家庭的保护、赞叹对家庭的慈悲。''尊者,既然如此,为什么世尊在饥荒、粮食歉收、白骨遍地、靠配给度日的时候,还带着大比丘僧团到处游行呢?世尊是在让家庭走向灭绝,世尊是在让家庭走向灾祸,世尊是在让家庭走向毁灭。''村长,回溯到九十一个劫以前,我所记得的范围内,我不曾见过任何一个家庭,仅仅因为供养托钵的食物而衰败。相反,那些富裕、巨富、大富,拥有大量金银财宝、众多资产、众多钱财谷物的家庭,所有的这一切,都是从布施中来,从真实中来,从沙门行中来。村长,有八种原因、八种条件会导致家庭的衰败:家庭因国王而衰败,家庭因盗贼而衰败,家庭因火灾而衰败,家庭因水灾而衰败,存放的财产不知去向,经营不善的事业失败,家里出了败家子,把那财富挥霍、散尽、毁灭,无常是第八种。村长,这就是导致家庭衰败的八种原因、八种条件。在这八种原因、八种条件存在的情况下,如果有人这样说我:世尊是在让家庭走向灭绝,世尊是在让家庭走向灾祸,世尊是在让家庭走向毁灭——村长,如果他不舍弃那句话,不舍弃那种心念,不舍弃那种邪见,那就会被如实地丢进地狱。'听了这话,阿西班达咖子村长对世尊说:'太殊胜了,尊者,太殊胜了,尊者……请世尊接受我为在家弟子,从今日起,直至生命尽处,我将归依三宝。'第九经。
‘‘Nanu, bhante, bhagavā anekapariyāyena kulānaṃ anuddayaṃ vaṇṇeti, anurakkhaṃ vaṇṇeti, anukampaṃ vaṇṇetī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, gāmaṇi, tathāgato anekapariyāyena kulānaṃ anuddayaṃ vaṇṇeti, anurakkhaṃ vaṇṇeti, anukampaṃ vaṇṇetī’’ti. ‘‘Atha kiñcarahi, bhante, bhagavā dubbhikkhe dvīhitike setaṭṭhike salākāvutte mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ cārikaṃ carati? Ucchedāya bhagavā kulānaṃ paṭipanno, anayāya bhagavā kulānaṃ paṭipanno, upaghātāya bhagavā kulānaṃ paṭipanno’’ti. ‘‘Ito so, gāmaṇi, ekanavutikappe yamahaṃ anussarāmi, nābhijānāmi kiñci kulaṃ pakkabhikkhānuppadānamattena upahatapubbaṃ. Atha kho yāni tāni kulāni aḍḍhāni mahaddhanāni mahābhogāni pahūtajātarūparajatāni pahūtavittūpakaraṇāni pahūtadhanadhaññāni, sabbāni tāni dānasambhūtāni ceva saccasambhūtāni ca sāmaññasambhūtāni ca. Aṭṭha kho, gāmaṇi, hetū, aṭṭha paccayā kulānaṃ upaghātāya. Rājato vā kulāni upaghātaṃ gacchanti, corato vā kulāni upaghātaṃ gacchanti, aggito vā kulāni upaghātaṃ gacchanti , udakato vā kulāni upaghātaṃ gacchanti, nihitaṃ vā ṭhānā vigacchati , duppayuttā vā kammantā vipajjanti, kule vā kulaṅgāroti uppajjati, yo te bhoge vikirati vidhamati viddhaṃseti, aniccatāye aṭṭhamīti. Ime kho, gāmaṇi, aṭṭha hetū, aṭṭha paccayā kulānaṃ upaghātāya . Imesu kho, gāmaṇi, aṭṭhasu hetūsu, aṭṭhasu paccayesu saṃvijjamānesu yo maṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘ucchedāya bhagavā kulānaṃ paṭipanno, anayāya bhagavā kulānaṃ paṭipanno, upaghātāya bhagavā kulānaṃ paṭipanno’ti, taṃ, gāmaṇi, vācaṃ appahāya taṃ cittaṃ appahāya taṃ diṭṭhiṃ appaṭinissajjitvā yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, asibandhakaputto gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante, abhikkantaṃ, bhante…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Navamaṃ.
5010. 玛尼朱喇咖经
10. Maṇicūḷakasuttaṃ
362有一次,世尊住在王舍城的竹林松鼠喂养处。那时,在王宫的内廷,王族众人聚集坐在一起时,这样的谈论发生了:'对释迦族的沙门来说,金银是允许的,释迦族的沙门接受金银,释迦族的沙门收取金银。'
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena rājantepure rājaparisāya sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayamantarākathā udapādi – ‘‘kappati samaṇānaṃ sakyaputtiyānaṃ jātarūparajataṃ, sādiyanti samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jātarūparajataṃ, paṭiggaṇhanti samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jātarūparajata’’nti!
52那时,玛尼朱喇咖村长也坐在那一群人当中。于是,玛尼朱喇咖村长对那群人说:'各位尊者,请不要这样说。对释迦族的沙门来说,金银是不允许的,释迦族的沙门不接受金银,释迦族的沙门不收取金银,释迦族的沙门远离珠宝黄金,舍弃了金银。'玛尼朱喇咖村长成功地说服了那群人。然后,玛尼朱喇咖村长就去拜见世尊。到了之后,向世尊礼敬,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的玛尼朱喇咖村长对世尊说:'尊者,在王宫的内廷,王族众人聚集坐在一起时,这样的谈论发生了:对释迦族的沙门来说,金银是允许的,释迦族的沙门接受金银,释迦族的沙门收取金银。尊者,当时听到这话,我就对那群人说:各位尊者,请不要这样说。对释迦族的沙门来说,金银是不允许的,释迦族的沙门不接受金银,释迦族的沙门不收取金银,释迦族的沙门远离珠宝黄金,舍弃了金银。我成功地让那群人信服了。尊者,我这样回答,是不是在替世尊说话,没有用不实之词诽谤世尊,是在依法说随顺法,不会让任何如法的同修找到可指责的地方吧?'
Tena kho pana samayena maṇicūḷako gāmaṇi tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti. Atha kho maṇicūḷako gāmaṇi taṃ parisaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘mā ayyo evaṃ avacuttha. Na kappati samaṇānaṃ sakyaputtiyānaṃ jātarūparajataṃ, na sādiyanti samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jātarūparajataṃ, nappaṭiggaṇhanti samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jātarūparajataṃ, nikkhittamaṇisuvaṇṇā samaṇā sakyaputtiyā apetajātarūparajatā’’ti. Asakkhi kho maṇicūḷako gāmaṇi taṃ parisaṃ saññāpetuṃ. Atha kho maṇicūḷako gāmaṇi yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho maṇicūḷako gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idha, bhante, rājantepure rājaparisāya sannisinnānaṃ sannipatitānaṃ ayamantarākathā udapādi – ‘kappati samaṇānaṃ sakyaputtiyānaṃ jātarūparajataṃ, sādiyanti samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jātarūparajataṃ, paṭiggaṇhanti samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jātarūparajata’nti. Evaṃ vutte, ahaṃ, bhante, taṃ parisaṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘mā ayyo evaṃ avacuttha. Na kappati samaṇānaṃ sakyaputtiyānaṃ jātarūparajataṃ, na sādiyanti samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jātarūparajataṃ, nappaṭiggaṇhanti samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jātarūparajataṃ, nikkhittamaṇisuvaṇṇā samaṇā sakyaputtiyā apetajātarūparajatā’ti. Asakkhiṃ khvāhaṃ, bhante, taṃ parisaṃ saññāpetuṃ. Kaccāhaṃ, bhante, evaṃ byākaramāno vuttavādī ceva bhagavato homi, na ca bhagavantaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhāmi, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākaromi, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchatī’’ti?
53'确实,村长,你这样回答,就是在替我说法,没有用不实之词诽谤我,是在依法说随顺法,不会让任何如法的同修找到可指责的地方。村长,对释迦族的沙门来说,金银确实是不允许的,释迦族的沙门不接受金银,释迦族的沙门不收取金银,释迦族的沙门远离珠宝黄金,舍弃了金银。村长,如果对谁来说金银是允许的,那对他来说,五种欲乐也就是允许的。如果对谁来说五种欲乐是允许的,村长,你完全可以确定,那不是沙门法,不是释迦族之法的特性。而且,村长,我是这样说的:需要草的人去找草,需要木材的人去找木材,需要车的人去找车,需要仆人的去找仆人。但是,村长,无论如何,我都不说可以接受金银、可以去找金银。'第十经。
‘‘Taggha tvaṃ, gāmaṇi, evaṃ byākaramāno vuttavādī ceva me hosi, na ca maṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhasi, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākarosi, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchati. Na hi, gāmaṇi, kappati samaṇānaṃ sakyaputtiyānaṃ jātarūparajataṃ, na sādiyanti samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jātarūparajataṃ, nappaṭiggaṇhanti samaṇā sakyaputtiyā jātarūparajataṃ, nikkhittamaṇisuvaṇṇā samaṇā sakyaputtiyā apetajātarūparajatā. Yassa kho, gāmaṇi, jātarūparajataṃ kappati, pañcapi tassa kāmaguṇā kappanti. Yassa pañca kāmaguṇā kappanti ( ) , ekaṃsenetaṃ , gāmaṇi, dhāreyyāsi assamaṇadhammo asakyaputtiyadhammoti. Api cāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, evaṃ vadāmi – tiṇaṃ tiṇatthikena pariyesitabbaṃ, dāru dārutthikena pariyesitabbaṃ, sakaṭaṃ sakaṭatthikena pariyesitabbaṃ, puriso purisatthikena pariyesitabbo . Natvevāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, kenaci pariyāyena ‘jātarūparajataṃ sāditabbaṃ pariyesitabba’nti vadāmī’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
5411. 跋德拉咖经
11. Bhadrakasuttaṃ
363有一次,世尊住在末罗国的城镇,名叫优楼维喇劫波。那时,跋德拉咖村长来到世尊那里。到了之后,向世尊礼敬,然后坐在一旁。坐在一旁后,跋德拉咖村长对世尊这样说:‘尊者,请您慈悲为我解说苦的集起与灭去。’世尊说:‘村长,如果我针对过去的时间为你解说苦的集起与灭去,说“过去的时间曾经是这样”,你对这个可能会产生疑惑、不确定。村长,如果我针对未来的时间为你解说苦的集起与灭去,说“未来的时间将会是这样”,你对此也可能会产生疑惑、不确定。不过,村长,我就坐在这里,你正坐在我面前,我为你直接解说苦的集起与灭去。你仔细听,善加思惟,我要说了。’‘好的,尊者。’跋德拉咖村长回应世尊。世尊如此说道:
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā mallesu viharati uruvelakappaṃ nāma mallānaṃ nigamo. Atha kho bhadrako gāmaṇi yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho bhadrako gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā dukkhassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca desetū’’ti. ‘‘Ahañce te, gāmaṇi, atītamaddhānaṃ ārabbha dukkhassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca deseyyaṃ – ‘evaṃ ahosi atītamaddhāna’nti, tatra te siyā kaṅkhā, siyā vimati. Ahaṃ ce te, gāmaṇi, anāgatamaddhānaṃ ārabbha dukkhassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca deseyyaṃ – ‘evaṃ bhavissati anāgatamaddhāna’nti, tatrāpi te siyā kaṅkhā, siyā vimati. Api cāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, idheva nisinno ettheva te nisinnassa dukkhassa samudayañca atthaṅgamañca desessāmi. Taṃ suṇāhi , sādhukaṃ manasi karohi; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho bhadrako gāmaṇi bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca –
56‘村长,你怎么想呢?在优楼维喇劫波,有没有那样一些人,如果他们被杀、被绑、被没收财产、或被指责,会让你生起忧愁、悲泣、痛苦、忧伤、绝望?’‘尊者,在优楼维喇劫波有这样的 人,如果他们被杀、被绑、被没收财产、或被指责,我会生起忧愁、悲泣、痛苦、忧伤、绝望。’‘村长,那么,在优楼维喇劫波,有没有那样一些人,如果他们被杀、被绑、被没收财产、或被指责,不会让你生起忧愁、悲泣、痛苦、忧伤、绝望呢?’‘尊者,在优楼维喇劫波有这样的人,如果他们被杀、被绑、被没收财产、或被指责,我不会生起忧愁、悲泣、痛苦、忧伤、绝望。’‘村长,是什么原因,什么条件,使得对一些优楼维喇劫波的人被杀、被绑、被没收财产、或被指责时,你会生起忧愁、悲泣、痛苦、忧伤、绝望呢?’‘尊者,那些优楼维喇劫波的人,如果他们被杀、被绑、被没收财产、或被指责,会让我生起忧愁、悲泣、痛苦、忧伤、绝望的,是因为我对他们还有渴爱和贪染。而那些优楼维喇劫波的人,无论他们被杀、被绑、被没收财产、或被指责,都不会让我生起忧愁、悲泣、痛苦、忧伤、绝望的,是因为我对他们已经没有渴爱和贪染了。’‘村长,通过这个你已见到的、已了知的、不受时间限定的、已抵达的、已深解的法则,去推度过 去和未来吧:凡是任何在过去时间生起的苦,当它生起时,都是以渴爱为根、以渴爱为因缘的。因为,渴爱就是苦的根源。同样地,凡是任何在未来时间将生起的苦,当它生起时,也都是以渴爱为根、以渴爱为因缘的。因为,渴爱就是苦的根源。’‘真是奇妙啊,尊者!真是不可思议啊,尊者!世尊这话说得实在太好了:“凡是任何生起的苦,都是以渴爱为根、以渴爱为因缘的。因为,渴爱就是苦的根源。”尊者,我有一个名叫吉罗瓦西的小男孩,寄宿在城外的一个地方。尊者,我常常一大早就派个人出去:“去吧,伙计,去看看吉罗瓦西小少爷怎么样了。”尊者,只要那个人还没回来,我心里就会忐忑不安,一直想着:“吉罗瓦西小少爷可千万别出什么事啊。”’
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, atthi te uruvelakappe manussā yesaṃ te vadhena vā bandhena vā jāniyā vā garahāya vā uppajjeyyuṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā’’ti? ‘‘Atthi me, bhante, uruvelakappe manussā yesaṃ me vadhena vā bandhena vā jāniyā vā garahāya vā uppajjeyyuṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā’’ti. ‘‘Atthi pana te, gāmaṇi, uruvelakappe manussā yesaṃ te vadhena vā bandhena vā jāniyā vā garahāya vā nuppajjeyyuṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā’’ti? ‘‘Atthi me, bhante, uruvelakappe manussā yesaṃ me vadhena vā bandhena vā jāniyā vā garahāya vā nuppajjeyyuṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā’’ti. ‘‘Ko nu kho, gāmaṇi, hetu, ko paccayo yena te ekaccānaṃ uruvelakappiyānaṃ manussānaṃ vadhena vā bandhena vā jāniyā vā garahāya vā uppajjeyyuṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā’’ti? ‘‘Yesaṃ me, bhante, uruvelakappiyānaṃ manussānaṃ vadhena vā bandhena vā jāniyā vā garahāya vā uppajjeyyuṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā, atthi me tesu chandarāgo . Yesaṃ pana, bhante, uruvelakappiyānaṃ manussānaṃ vadhena vā bandhena vā jāniyā vā garahāya vā nuppajjeyyuṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā, natthi me tesu chandarāgo’’ti. ‘‘Iminā tvaṃ, gāmaṇi, dhammena diṭṭhena viditena akālikena pattena pariyogāḷhena atītānāgate nayaṃ nehi – ‘yaṃ kho kiñci atītamaddhānaṃ dukkhaṃ uppajjamānaṃ uppajji sabbaṃ taṃ chandamūlakaṃ chandanidānaṃ. Chando hi mūlaṃ dukkhassa. Yampi hi kiñci anāgatamaddhānaṃ dukkhaṃ uppajjamānaṃ uppajjissati, sabbaṃ taṃ chandamūlakaṃ chandanidānaṃ. Chando hi mūlaṃ dukkhassā’’’ti . ‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bhante, abbhutaṃ, bhante! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ , bhante, bhagavatā – ‘yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ uppajjamānaṃ uppajjati, sabbaṃ taṃ chandamūlakaṃ chandanidānaṃ. Chando hi mūlaṃ dukkhassā’ti. Atthi me, bhante, ciravāsī nāma kumāro bahi āvasathe paṭivasati. So khvāhaṃ, bhante, kālasseva vuṭṭhāya purisaṃ uyyojemi – ‘gaccha, bhaṇe, ciravāsiṃ kumāraṃ jānāhī’ti. Yāvakīvañca, bhante, so puriso nāgacchati, tassa me hoteva aññathattaṃ – ‘mā heva ciravāsissa kumārassa kiñci ābādhayitthā’’’ti .
57‘村长,你怎么想呢?如果吉罗瓦西少爷被杀、被绑、被没收财产、或被指责,你会生起忧愁、悲泣、痛苦、忧伤、绝望吗?’‘尊者,如果我的吉罗瓦西少爷被杀、被绑、被没收财产、或被指责,就算他性命发生变故,我怎么会不生起忧愁、悲泣、痛苦、忧伤、绝望呢!’‘村长,从这件事的方式也能了解到:“凡是任何生起的苦,都是以渴爱为根、以渴爱为因缘的。因为,渴爱就是苦的根源。”’
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, ciravāsissa kumārassa vadhena vā bandhena vā jāniyā vā garahāya vā uppajjeyyuṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā’’ti ? ‘‘Ciravāsissa me, bhante, kumārassa vadhena vā bandhena vā jāniyā vā garahāya vā jīvitassapi siyā aññathattaṃ, kiṃ pana me nuppajjissanti sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā’’ti. ‘‘Imināpi kho etaṃ, gāmaṇi, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ – ‘yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ uppajjamānaṃ uppajjati, sabbaṃ taṃ chandamūlakaṃ chandanidānaṃ. Chando hi mūlaṃ dukkhassā’’’ti.
58‘村长,你怎么想呢?在你还没有见到吉罗瓦西少爷的母亲、听说她的时候,你对吉罗瓦西少爷的母亲有渴爱、贪染或爱情吗?’‘尊者,没有。’‘村长,是不是因为见到了她,或是听到了她的消息,你才这样想:“我对吉罗瓦西少爷的母亲生起了渴爱、贪染、爱情”?’‘是的,尊者。’
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, yadā te ciravāsimātā adiṭṭhā ahosi, assutā ahosi, te ciravāsimātuyā chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Dassanaṃ vā te, gāmaṇi, āgamma savanaṃ vā evaṃ te ahosi – ‘ciravāsimātuyā chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃ vā’’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
59‘村长,你怎么想呢?如果吉罗瓦西少爷的母亲被杀、被绑、被没收财产、或被指责,你会生起忧愁、悲泣、痛苦、忧伤、绝望吗?’‘尊者,如果我的吉罗瓦西少爷的母亲被杀、被绑、被没收财产、或被指责,就算她性命发生变故,我怎么会不生起忧愁、悲泣、痛苦、忧伤、绝望呢!’‘村长,从这件事的方式也能了解到:“凡是任何生起的苦,都是以渴爱为根、以渴爱为因缘的。因为,渴爱就是苦的根源。”’
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, ciravāsimātuyā te vadhena vā bandhena vā jāniyā vā garahāya vā uppajjeyyuṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā’’ti? ‘‘Ciravāsimātuyā me, bhante, vadhena vā bandhena vā jāniyā vā garahāya vā jīvitassapi siyā aññathattaṃ, kiṃ pana me nuppajjissanti sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā’’ti! ‘‘Imināpi kho etaṃ, gāmaṇi, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ – ‘yaṃ kiñci dukkhaṃ uppajjamānaṃ uppajjati, sabbaṃ taṃ chandamūlakaṃ chandanidānaṃ. Chando hi mūlaṃ dukkhassā’’’ti. Ekādasamaṃ.
6012. 拉西亚经
12. Rāsiyasuttaṃ
364那时,拉西亚村长来到世尊那里。到了之后,向世尊礼敬,然后坐在一旁。坐在一旁后,拉西亚村长对世尊这样说:‘尊者,我曾听说:“沙门乔达摩谴责一切苦行,果断地责备、呵斥每一位过着刻苦生活的苦行者。”尊者,那些这么说的人:“沙门乔达摩谴责一切苦行,果断地责备、呵斥每一位过着刻苦生活的苦行者。”他们是在说世尊您确实说过的话吗?他们有没有用不实的话来诽谤世尊呢?他们是不是依法、如法地回答了问题,而任何合理的跟随说法都不会被引向应受呵斥的境地呢?’世尊说:‘村长,那些说“沙门乔达摩谴责一切苦行,果断地责备、呵斥每一位过着刻苦生活的苦行者”的人,他们不是在转述我说的话,他们是用不实的、虚假的、没有根据的话在诽谤我。’
Atha kho rāsiyo gāmaṇi yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rāsiyo gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante, ‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhajīviṃ ekaṃsena upavadati upakkosatī’ti . Ye te, bhante, evamāhaṃsu – ‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhajīviṃ ekaṃsena upavadati upakkosatī’ti, kacci te, bhante, bhagavato vuttavādino, na ca bhagavantaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhanti, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākaronti, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchatī’’ti? ‘‘Ye te, gāmaṇi, evamāhaṃsu – ‘samaṇo gotamo sabbaṃ tapaṃ garahati, sabbaṃ tapassiṃ lūkhajīviṃ ekaṃsena upavadati upakkosatī’ti, na me te vuttavādino, abbhācikkhanti ca pana maṃ te asatā tucchā abhūtena’’.
62村长,出家人不应该靠近这两个极端:一个是沉迷在感官享乐中的低俗、粗鄙、凡夫、非圣、无益之行;另一个是自我折磨的痛苦、非圣、无益之行。村长,如来不走这两个极端,而是彻底觉悟了那条中道——它能开启眼界、开启智慧,导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃。那么,村长,如来所彻底觉悟、能开启眼界、开启智慧、导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃的中道是什么呢?就是这神圣的八支道,也就是:正见……正定。村长,这就是如来彻底觉悟的中道——它能开启眼界、开启智慧,导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃。
‘‘Dveme, gāmaṇi, antā pabbajitena na sevitabbā – yo cāyaṃ kāmesu kāmasukhallikānuyogo hīno gammo pothujjaniko anariyo anatthasaṃhito, yo cāyaṃ attakilamathānuyogo dukkho anariyo anatthasaṃhito. Ete te, gāmaṇi, ubho ante anupagamma majjhimā paṭipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā – cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Katamā ca sā, gāmaṇi, majjhimā paṭipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā – cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ kho sā, gāmaṇi, majjhimā paṭipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā – cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati.
63村长,这世间存在着三种受用欲乐的人。哪三种呢?村长,有一种人用不正当、粗暴的手段去谋取财富,用不正当、粗暴的手段谋取了财富后,既不让自己舒服、不让自己喜悦,也不与人分享、不行善事。村长,还有一种人用不正当、粗暴的手段去谋取财富,用不正当、粗暴的手段谋取了财富后,让自己舒服、喜悦,但不与人分享、不行善事。村长,另有一种人用不正当、粗暴的手段去谋取财富,用不正当、粗暴的手段谋取了财富后,让自己舒服、喜悦,也与人分享、行善事。
‘‘Tayo kho me, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogino santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Idha, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogī adhammena bhoge pariyesati, sāhasena adhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasena na attānaṃ sukheti na pīṇeti na saṃvibhajati na puññāni karoti. Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogī adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasena. Adhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasena attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti, na saṃvibhajati na puññāni karoti. Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogī adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasena. Adhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasena attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti saṃvibhajati puññāni karoti.
64村长,有一种人用正当与不正当混杂的手段谋取财富,有时粗暴有时不粗暴。用这种混杂手段谋取财富后,既不让自己舒服、不让自己喜悦,也不与人分享、不行善事。村长,还有一种人用正当与不正当混杂的手段谋取财富,有时粗暴有时不粗暴。用这种混杂手段谋取财富后,让自己舒服、喜悦,但不与人分享、不行善事。村长,另有一种人用正当与不正当混杂的手段谋取财富,有时粗暴有时不粗暴。用这种混杂手段谋取财富后,让自己舒服、喜悦,也与人分享、行善事。
‘‘Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogī dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenapi asāhasenapi. Dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasenapi asāhasenapi na attānaṃ sukheti, na pīṇeti, na saṃvibhajati, na puññāni karoti. Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogī dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenapi asāhasenapi. Dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasenapi asāhasenapi attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti, na saṃvibhajati, na puññāni karoti. Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogī dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesati, sāhasenapi asāhasenapi . Dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasenapi asāhasenapi attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti saṃvibhajati puññāni karoti.
65村长,有一种人用正当、不粗暴的手段去谋取财富。用正当、不粗暴的手段谋取了财富后,既不让自己舒服、不让自己喜悦,也不与人分享、不行善事。村长,还有一种人用正当、不粗暴的手段去谋取财富。用正当、不粗暴的手段谋取了财富后,让自己舒服、喜悦,但不与人分享、不行善事。村长,另有一种人用正当、不粗暴的手段去谋取财富。用正当、不粗暴的手段谋取了财富后,让自己舒服、喜悦,也与人分享、行善事,但他享用这些财富时,心里紧抓着不放、沉迷其中、深陷其中,看不到过患,没有出离的智慧。村长,还有一种人用正当、不粗暴的手段去谋取财富。用正当、不粗暴的手段谋取了财富后,让自己舒服、喜悦,也与人分享、行善事,而他享用这些财富时,心里不紧抓着不放、不沉迷、不深陷,看得到过患,有出离的智慧。
‘‘Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogī dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasena. Dhammena bhoge pariyesitvā asāhasena na attānaṃ sukheti, na pīṇeti, na saṃvibhajati, na puññāni karoti. Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogī dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasena. Dhammena bhoge pariyesitvā asāhasena attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti, na saṃvibhajati, na puññāni karoti. Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogī dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasena. Dhammena bhoge pariyesitvā asāhasena attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti saṃvibhajati puññāni karoti. Te ca bhoge gadhito mucchito ajjhopanno anādīnavadassāvī anissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati. Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco kāmabhogī dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasena. Dhammena bhoge pariyesitvā asāhasena attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti saṃvibhajati puññāni karoti. Te ca bhoge agadhito amucchito anajjhopanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati.
66村长,在这些当中,那种用不正当、粗暴的手段谋取财富,用不正当、粗暴的手段谋取了财富后,既不让自己舒服、不让自己喜悦,也不与人分享、不行善事的人。村长,这种受用欲乐的人在三个方面应受谴责。哪三个方面应受谴责?他用不正当、粗暴的手段谋取财富,这是第一个应受谴责的方面。他不让自己舒服、不让自己喜悦,这是第二个应受谴责的方面。他不与人分享、不行善事,这是第三个应受谴责的方面。村长,这种受用欲乐的人在这三个方面应受谴责。
‘‘Tatra , gāmaṇi, yvāyaṃ kāmabhogī adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasena, adhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasena na attānaṃ sukheti, na pīṇeti, na saṃvibhajati, na puññāni karoti. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī tīhi ṭhānehi gārayho. Katamehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayho? Adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenāti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena gārayho. Na attānaṃ sukheti na pīṇetīti, iminā dutiyena ṭhānena gārayho. Na saṃvibhajati, na puññāni karotīti, iminā tatiyena ṭhānena gārayho. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī imehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayho.
67村长,在这些情况中,有一种追求欲乐的人,他用非法、暴力的方式去寻找财富,在用非法、暴力的方式找到财富后,他让自己享受快乐、感到满足,并且还拿这些财富去分享、去做功德。村长,这种追求欲乐的人,有一个方面应受谴责,有两个方面值得赞叹。哪一个方面应受谴责呢?他通过非法、暴力的方式寻找财富,就凭这一方面,他应受谴责。哪两个方面值得赞叹呢?他让自己享受快乐、感到满足,这是第一个值得赞叹的方面。他还拿去分享、做功德,这是第二个值得赞叹的方面。村长,这种追求欲乐的人,就凭这一方面应受谴责,就凭这两个方面值得赞叹。
‘‘Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṃ kāmabhogī adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasena, adhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasena attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti saṃvibhajati puññāni karoti. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī ekena ṭhānena gārayho, dvīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso. Katamena ekena ṭhānena gārayho? Adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenāti, iminā ekena ṭhānena gārayho. Katamehi dvīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso? Attānaṃ sukheti pīṇetīti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Saṃvibhajati puññāni karotīti, iminā dutiyena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī, iminā ekena ṭhānena gārayho, imehi dvīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso.
68村长,在这些当中,那种用不正当、粗暴的手段谋取财富,用不正当、粗暴的手段谋取了财富后,让自己舒服、喜悦,但不与人分享、不行善事的人。村长,这种受用欲乐的人在两个方面应受谴责,在一个方面值得称赞。哪两个方面应受谴责?他用不正当、粗暴的手段谋取财富,这是第一个应受谴责的方面。他不与人分享、不行善事,这是第二个应受谴责的方面。在哪一个方面值得称赞?他让自己舒服、喜悦,这一方面值得称赞。村长,这种受用欲乐的人在这两个方面应受谴责,在这一方面值得称赞。
‘‘Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṃ kāmabhogī adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasena, adhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasena attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti, na saṃvibhajati, na puññāni karoti. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī dvīhi ṭhānehi gārayho, ekena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Katamehi dvīhi ṭhānehi gārayho? Adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenāti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena gārayho. Na saṃvibhajati, na puññāni karotīti, iminā dutiyena ṭhānena gārayho. Katamena ekena ṭhānena pāsaṃso? Attānaṃ sukheti pīṇetīti, iminā ekena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī imehi dvīhi ṭhānehi gārayho, iminā ekena ṭhānena pāsaṃso.
69村长,在这些情况中,有一种追求欲乐的人,他既用合法也用非法、既用暴力也用非暴力的方式去寻找财富,在用这些方式找到财富后,他不让自己享受快乐,不让自己感到满足,也不拿去分享,也不做功德。村长,这种追求欲乐的人,有一个方面值得赞叹,有三个方面应受谴责。哪一个方面值得赞叹呢?他用合法、非暴力的方式寻找财富,就凭这一方面,他值得赞叹。哪三个方面应受谴责呢?他用非法、暴力的方式寻找财富,这是第一个应受谴责的方面。他不让自己享受快乐、不让自己感到满足,这是第二个应受谴责的方面。他不拿去分享、不做功德,这是第三个应受谴责的方面。村长,这种追求欲乐的人,就凭这一方面值得赞叹,就凭这三个方面应受谴责。
‘‘Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṃ kāmabhogī dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenapi asāhasenapi, dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasenapi asāhasenapi na attānaṃ sukheti, na pīṇeti, na saṃvibhajati, na puññāni karoti. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī ekena ṭhānena pāsaṃso, tīhi ṭhānehi gārayho. Katamena ekena ṭhānena pāsaṃso? Dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasenāti, iminā ekena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Katamehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayho? Adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenāti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena gārayho. Na attānaṃ sukheti, na pīṇetīti, iminā dutiyena ṭhānena gārayho. Na saṃvibhajati, na puññāni karotīti, iminā tatiyena ṭhānena gārayho. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī iminā ekena ṭhānena pāsaṃso, imehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayho.
70村长,在这些情况中,有一种追求欲乐的人,他既用合法也用非法、既用暴力也用非暴力的方式去寻找财富,在用这些方式找到财富后,他让自己享受快乐、感到满足,但不拿去分享,也不做功德。村长,这种追求欲乐的人,有两个方面值得赞叹,有两个方面应受谴责。哪两个方面值得赞叹呢?他用合法、非暴力的方式寻找财富,这是第一个值得赞叹的方面。他让自己享受快乐、感到满足,这是第二个值得赞叹的方面。哪两个方面应受谴责呢?他用非法、暴力的方式寻找财富,这是第一个应受谴责的方面。他不拿去分享、不做功德,这是第二个应受谴责的方面。村长,这种追求欲乐的人,就凭这两个方面值得赞叹,就凭这两个方面应受谴责。
‘‘Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṃ kāmabhogī dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenapi asāhasenapi, dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasenapi asāhasenapi attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti, na saṃvibhajati, na puññāni karoti. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī dvīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso, dvīhi ṭhānehi gārayho. Katamehi dvīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso? Dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasenāti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Attānaṃ sukheti pīṇetīti, iminā dutiyena ṭhānena pāsaṃso . Katamehi dvīhi ṭhānehi gārayho? Adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenāti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena gārayho. Na saṃvibhajati, na puññāni karotīti, iminā dutiyena ṭhānena gārayho. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī imehi dvīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso, imehi dvīhi ṭhānehi gārayho.
71村长,在这些情况中,有一种追求欲乐的人,他既用合法也用非法、既用暴力也用非暴力的方式去寻找财富,在用这些方式找到财富后,他让自己享受快乐、感到满足,并且还拿去分享、做功德。村长,这种追求欲乐的人,有三个值得赞叹的方面,有一个方面应受谴责。哪三个方面值得赞叹呢?他用合法、非暴力的方式寻找财富,这是第一个值得赞叹的方面。他让自己享受快乐、感到满足,这是第二个值得赞叹的方面。他拿去分享、做功德,这是第三个值得赞叹的方面。哪一个方面应受谴责呢?他用非法、暴力的方式寻找财富,就凭这一方面,他应受谴责。村长,这种追求欲乐的人,就凭这三个方面值得赞叹,就凭这一方面应受谴责。
‘‘Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṃ kāmabhogī dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenapi asāhasenapi, dhammādhammena bhoge pariyesitvā sāhasenapi asāhasenapi attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti saṃvibhajati puññāni karoti. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso, ekena ṭhānena gārayho. Katamehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso? Dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasenāti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Attānaṃ sukheti pīṇetīti, iminā dutiyena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Saṃvibhajati puññāni karotīti, iminā tatiyena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Katamena ekena ṭhānena gārayho? Adhammena bhoge pariyesati sāhasenāti , iminā ekena ṭhānena gārayho. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī imehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso, iminā ekena ṭhānena gārayho.
72村长,在这些情况中,有一种追求欲乐的人,他用合法、非暴力的方式去寻找财富,在用合法、非暴力的方式找到财富后,他不让自己享受快乐,不让自己感到满足,也不拿去分享,也不做功德。村长,这种追求欲乐的人,有一个方面值得赞叹,有两个方面应受谴责。哪一个方面值得赞叹呢?他用合法、非暴力的方式寻找财富,就凭这一方面,他值得赞叹。哪两个方面应受谴责呢?他不让自己享受快乐、不让自己感到满足,这是第一个应受谴责的方面。他不拿去分享、不做功德,这是第二个应受谴责的方面。村长,这种追求欲乐的人,就凭这一方面值得赞叹,就凭这两个方面应受谴责。
‘‘Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṃ kāmabhogī dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasena , dhammena bhoge pariyesitvā asāhasena, na attānaṃ sukheti, na pīṇeti, na saṃvibhajati, na puññāni karoti. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī ekena ṭhānena pāsaṃso, dvīhi ṭhānehi gārayho. Katamena ekena ṭhānena pāsaṃso? Dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasenāti, iminā ekena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Katamehi dvīhi ṭhānehi gārayho? Na attānaṃ sukheti, na pīṇetīti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena gārayho. Na saṃvibhajati, na puññāni karotīti, iminā dutiyena ṭhānena gārayho. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī iminā ekena ṭhānena pāsaṃso, imehi dvīhi ṭhānehi gārayho.
73村长,在这些情况中,有一种追求欲乐的人,他用合法、非暴力的方式去寻找财富,在用合法、非暴力的方式找到财富后,他让自己享受快乐、感到满足,但不拿去分享,也不做功德。村长,这种追求欲乐的人,有两个方面值得赞叹,有一个方面应受谴责。哪两个方面值得赞叹呢?他用合法、非暴力的方式寻找财富,这是第一个值得赞叹的方面。他让自己享受快乐、感到满足,这是第二个值得赞叹的方面。哪一个方面应受谴责呢?他不拿去分享、不做功德,就凭这一方面,他应受谴责。村长,这种追求欲乐的人,就凭这两个方面值得赞叹,就凭这一方面应受谴责。
‘‘Tatra , gāmaṇi, yvāyaṃ kāmabhogī dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasena, dhammena bhoge pariyesitvā asāhasena attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti, na saṃvibhajati, na puññāni karoti. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī dvīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso, ekena ṭhānena gārayho. Katamehi dvīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso? Dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasenāti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Attānaṃ sukheti pīṇetīti, iminā dutiyena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Katamena ekena ṭhānena gārayho ? Na saṃvibhajati, na puññāni karotīti, iminā ekena ṭhānena gārayho. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī imehi dvīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso, iminā ekena ṭhānena gārayho.
74村长,在这当中,有一种享受欲乐的人,他用正当的、不强取的方式去寻找财富,用正当的、不强取的方式找到财富后,让自己过得快乐满足,也懂得分享、做功德。但是,对于那些财富,他却贪恋、沉迷、深陷其中,看不到其中的过患,没有出离的智慧,就这样去享用它们。村长,这种享受欲乐的人,有三个地方值得称赞,有一个地方应受责备。哪三个地方值得称赞?他用正当的、不强取的方式去寻找财富,这是第一个值得称赞的地方。他让自己过得快乐满足,这是第二个值得称赞的地方。他懂得分享、做功德,这是第三个值得称赞的地方。哪一个地方应受责备?他对于那些财富贪恋、沉迷、深陷其中,看不到其中的过患,没有出离的智慧,就这样去享用它们,这就是那一个应受责备的地方。村长,这种享受欲乐的人,就是这样以这三个地方值得称赞,以这一个地方应受责备。
‘‘Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṃ kāmabhogī dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasena , dhammena bhoge pariyesitvā asāhasena attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti saṃvibhajati puññāni karoti, te ca bhoge gadhito mucchito ajjhopanno anādīnavadassāvī anissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso, ekena ṭhānena gārayho. Katamehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso? Dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasenāti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Attānaṃ sukheti pīṇetīti, iminā dutiyena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Saṃvibhajati puññāni karotīti, iminā tatiyena ṭhānena pāsaṃso . Katamena ekena ṭhānena gārayho? Te ca bhoge gadhito mucchito ajjhopanno anādīnavadassāvī anissaraṇapañño paribhuñjatīti, iminā ekena ṭhānena gārayho. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī imehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso, iminā ekena ṭhānena gārayho.
75村长,在这当中,有一种享受欲乐的人,他用正当的、不强取的方式去寻找财富,用正当的、不强取的方式找到财富后,让自己过得快乐满足,也懂得分享、做功德。而且,对于那些财富,他不贪恋、不沉迷、不深陷其中,能看到其中的过患,有出离的智慧,这样去享用它们。村长,这种享受欲乐的人,有四个地方值得称赞。哪四个地方值得称赞?他用正当的、不强取的方式去寻找财富,这是第一个值得称赞的地方。他让自己过得快乐满足,这是第二个值得称赞的地方。他懂得分享、做功德,这是第三个值得称赞的地方。他对于那些财富不贪恋、不沉迷、不深陷其中,能看到其中的过患,有出离的智慧,这样去享用它们,这是第四个值得称赞的地方。村长,这种享受欲乐的人,就是这样以这四个地方值得称赞。
‘‘Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṃ kāmabhogī dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasena, dhammena bhoge pariyesitvā asāhasena attānaṃ sukheti pīṇeti saṃvibhajati puññāni karoti. Te ca bhoge agadhito amucchito anajjhopanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjati. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī catūhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso. Katamehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso? Dhammena bhoge pariyesati asāhasenāti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Attānaṃ sukheti pīṇetīti, iminā dutiyena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Saṃvibhajati puññāni karotīti, iminā tatiyena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Te ca bhoge agadhito amucchito anajjhopanno ādīnavadassāvī nissaraṇapañño paribhuñjatīti, iminā catutthena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, kāmabhogī imehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso.
76村长,在这个世间,可以见到三种过清苦生活的苦行者。哪三种?村长,这里有一种过清苦生活的苦行者,他是出于信心,从在家生活出家,进入无家生活,心里想着:“或许我真能证得某个善法,或许我真能亲身作证那超越常人的、堪称圣者的知见殊胜之境。”他折磨自己的身体,让身体受苦,但他既没证得什么善法,也没能亲身作证那超越常人的、堪称圣者的知见殊胜之境。
‘‘Tayome, gāmaṇi, tapassino lūkhajīvino santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Idha, gāmaṇi, ekacco tapassī lūkhajīvī saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti – ‘appeva nāma kusalaṃ dhammaṃ adhigaccheyyaṃ, appeva nāma uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ sacchikareyya’nti. So attānaṃ ātāpeti paritāpeti, kusalañca dhammaṃ nādhigacchati, uttari ca manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ na sacchikaroti.
77村长,另一种过清苦生活的苦行者,也是出于信心,从在家生活出家,进入无家生活,心里想着:“或许我真能证得某个善法,或许我真能亲身作证那超越常人的、堪称圣者的知见殊胜之境。”他折磨自己的身体,让身体受苦,他确实证得了某个善法,但没能亲身作证那超越常人的、堪称圣者的知见殊胜之境。
‘‘Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco tapassī lūkhajīvī saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti – ‘appeva nāma kusalaṃ dhammaṃ adhigaccheyyaṃ, appeva nāma uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ sacchikareyya’nti. So attānaṃ ātāpeti paritāpeti, kusalañhi kho dhammaṃ adhigacchati, uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ na sacchikaroti.
78村长,还有一种过清苦生活的苦行者,同样是出于信心,从在家生活出家,进入无家生活,心里想着:“或许我真能证得某个善法,或许我真能亲身作证那超越常人的、堪称圣者的知见殊胜之境。”他折磨自己的身体,让身体受苦,他既证得了善法,也亲身作证了那超越常人的、堪称圣者的知见殊胜之境。
‘‘Idha pana, gāmaṇi, ekacco tapassī lūkhajīvī saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti – ‘appeva nāma kusalaṃ dhammaṃ adhigaccheyyaṃ, appeva nāma uttarimanussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ sacchikareyya’nti. So attānaṃ ātāpeti paritāpeti , kusalañca dhammaṃ adhigacchati, uttari ca manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ sacchikaroti.
79村长,在这当中,那第一种过清苦生活的苦行者,他折磨自己的身体,让身体受苦,却没证得什么善法,也没能亲身作证那超越常人的、堪称圣者的知见殊胜之境。村长,这种过清苦生活的苦行者,有三个地方应受责备。哪三个地方应受责备?他折磨自己的身体,让身体受苦,这是第一个应受责备的地方。他没证得什么善法,这是第二个应受责备的地方。他没能亲身作证那超越常人的、堪称圣者的知见殊胜之境,这是第三个应受责备的地方。村长,这种过清苦生活的苦行者,就是这样以这三个地方应受责备。
‘‘Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṃ tapassī lūkhajīvī attānaṃ ātāpeti paritāpeti, kusalañca dhammaṃ nādhigacchati, uttari ca manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ na sacchikaroti. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, tapassī lūkhajīvī tīhi ṭhānehi gārayho. Katamehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayho? Attānaṃ ātāpeti paritāpetīti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena gārayho. Kusalañca dhammaṃ nādhigacchatīti, iminā dutiyena ṭhānena gārayho. Uttari ca manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ na sacchikarotīti, iminā tatiyena ṭhānena gārayho. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, tapassī lūkhajīvī, imehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayho.
80“村长,在这其中,有那么一类苦行者、过着粗陋生活的人,他折磨自己、使自身受苦,他证得了善法,但对于超越凡人的、足以称为圣者的智见殊胜,却未曾亲证。村长,这样的苦行粗陋生活者,有两个方面是可责备的,有一个方面是可称赞的。哪两个方面是可责备的?他折磨自己、使自身受苦,这是第一个可责备的方面。他对于超越凡人的、足以称为圣者的智见殊胜未曾亲证,这是第二个可责备的方面。哪一个方面是可称赞的?他证得了善法,基于这一个方面,他是可称赞的。村长,这样的苦行粗陋生活者,基于这两个方面是可责备的,基于这一个方面是可称赞的。”
‘‘Tatra, gāmaṇi, yvāyaṃ tapassī lūkhajīvī attānaṃ ātāpeti paritāpeti, kusalañhi kho dhammaṃ adhigacchati, uttari ca manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ na sacchikaroti. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, tapassī lūkhajīvī dvīhi ṭhānehi gārayho, ekena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Katamehi dvīhi ṭhānehi gārayho? Attānaṃ ātāpeti paritāpetīti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena gārayho. Uttari ca manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ na sacchikarotīti, iminā dutiyena ṭhānena gārayho. Katamena ekena ṭhānena pāsaṃso? Kusalañhi kho dhammaṃ adhigacchatīti, iminā ekena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, tapassī lūkhajīvī imehi dvīhi ṭhānehi gārayho, iminā ekena ṭhānena pāsaṃso.
81“村长,在这其中,有那么一类苦行者、过着粗陋生活的人,他折磨自己、使自身受苦,既证得了善法,又亲证了超越凡人的、足以称为圣者的智见殊胜。村长,这样的苦行粗陋生活者,有一个方面是可责备的,有两个方面是可称赞的。哪一个方面是可责备的?他折磨自己、使自身受苦,基于这一个方面,他是可责备的。哪两个方面是可称赞的?他证得了善法,这是第一个可称赞的方面。他亲证了超越凡人的、足以称为圣者的智见殊胜,这是第二个可称赞的方面。村长,这样的苦行粗陋生活者,基于这一个方面是可责备的,基于这两个方面是可称赞的。”
‘‘Tatra , gāmaṇi, yvāyaṃ tapassī lūkhajīvī attānaṃ ātāpeti paritāpeti, kusalañca dhammaṃ adhigacchati, uttari ca manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ sacchikaroti. Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, tapassī lūkhajīvī ekena ṭhānena gārayho, dvīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso. Katamena ekena ṭhānena gārayho? Attānaṃ ātāpeti paritāpetīti, iminā ekena ṭhānena gārayho. Katamehi dvīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso? Kusalañca dhammaṃ adhigacchatīti, iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena pāsaṃso. Uttari ca manussadhammā alamariyañāṇadassanavisesaṃ sacchikarotīti, iminā dutiyena ṭhānena pāsaṃso . Ayaṃ, gāmaṇi, tapassī lūkhajīvī iminā ekena ṭhānena gārayho, imehi dvīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃso.
82“村长,有这三种当下可见的、无时间性的、来见即得的、能引导向前的、智者各自内证的烦恼消尽。哪三种呢?当一个充满贪欲的人,因贪欲的缘故,他会思惟自我折磨的事,也会思惟折磨他人的事,也会思惟对自他都有折磨的事。当贪欲被断除后,他既不思惟自我折磨的事,也不思惟折磨他人的事,也不思惟对自他都有折磨的事。这就是当下可见的、无时间性的、来见即得的、能引导向前的、智者各自内证的烦恼消尽。当一个充满嗔恨的人,因嗔恨的缘故,他会思惟自我折磨的事,也会思惟折磨他人的事,也会思惟对自他都有折磨的事。当嗔恨被断除后,他既不思惟自我折磨的事,也不思惟折磨他人的事,也不思惟对自他都有折磨的事。这就是当下可见的、无时间性的、来见即得的、能引导向前的、智者各自内证的烦恼消尽。当一个充满愚痴的人,因愚痴的缘故,他会思惟自我折磨的事,也会思惟折磨他人的事,也会思惟对自他都有折磨的事。当愚痴被断除后,他既不思惟自我折磨的事,也不思惟折磨他人的事,也不思惟对自他都有折磨的事。这就是当下可见的、无时间性的、来见即得的、能引导向前的、智者各自内证的烦恼消尽。村长,这三种就是当下可见的、无时间性的、来见即得的、能引导向前的、智者各自内证的烦恼消尽。”
‘‘Tisso imā, gāmaṇi, sandiṭṭhikā nijjarā akālikā ehipassikā opaneyyikā paccattaṃ veditabbā viññūhi. Katamā tisso? Yaṃ ratto rāgādhikaraṇaṃ attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti. Rāge pahīne nevattabyābādhāya ceteti, na parabyābādhāya ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāya ceteti. Sandiṭṭhikā nijjarā akālikā ehipassikā opaneyyikā paccattaṃ veditabbā viññūhi. Yaṃ duṭṭho dosādhikaraṇaṃ attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti. Dose pahīne nevattabyābādhāya ceteti, na parabyābādhāya ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāya ceteti. Sandiṭṭhikā nijjarā akālikā ehipassikā opaneyyikā paccattaṃ veditabbā viññūhi. Yaṃ mūḷho mohādhikaraṇaṃ attabyābādhāyapi ceteti, parabyābādhāyapi ceteti, ubhayabyābādhāyapi ceteti. Mohe pahīne nevattabyābādhāya ceteti, na parabyābādhāya ceteti, na ubhayabyābādhāya ceteti. Sandiṭṭhikā nijjarā akālikā ehipassikā opaneyyikā paccattaṃ veditabbā viññūhi. Imā kho, gāmaṇi, tisso sandiṭṭhikā nijjarā akālikā ehipassikā opaneyyikā paccattaṃ veditabbā viññūhī’’ti.
83听了这番话,拉西亚村长对世尊这样说:“太卓越了,尊者!……请世尊接受我为在家弟子,从今日起,直至生命终结,我都已归依。”第十二经。
Evaṃ vutte, rāsiyo gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante…pe… upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Dvādasamaṃ.
8413. 巴答离亚经
13. Pāṭaliyasuttaṃ
365有一次,世尊住在果离亚国一个名叫北方的果离亚人聚落。那时,巴答离亚村长来到世尊那里。到了之后,向世尊礼敬,然后坐在一旁。坐在一旁的巴答离亚村长对世尊这样说:“尊者,我听到过这样的说法:‘沙门乔达摩懂得幻术。’那些说‘沙门乔达摩懂得幻术’的人,尊者,他们是否是在说世尊之所言呢?他们有没有用不实之词来毁谤世尊呢?他们是否如法地解释了法,而没有任何如法说法的同修会招来应受谴责之处呢?尊者,因为我们并不想毁谤世尊。” “村长,那些说‘沙门乔达摩懂得幻术’的人,确实是在说我之所言,他们没有用不实之词来毁谤我,他们如法地解释了法,也没有任何如法说法的同修会招来应受谴责之处。” “确实是这样,先生,我们之前并不相信那些沙门婆罗门所说的:‘沙门乔达摩懂得幻术,沙门乔达摩先生确实是位幻术师。’村长,如果有人说‘我懂得幻术’,那他就等于在说‘我是幻术师’。世尊就是那样,善逝就是那样。” “那么,村长,就此事,我将反过来问你。你如果能接受,就照你所能接受的回答我。”
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā koliyesu viharati uttaraṃ nāma koliyānaṃ nigamo. Atha kho pāṭaliyo gāmaṇi yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho pāṭaliyo gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sutaṃ metaṃ, bhante – ‘samaṇo gotamo māyaṃ jānātī’ti. Ye te, bhante, evamāhaṃsu – ‘samaṇo gotamo māyaṃ jānātī’ti, kacci te, bhante, bhagavato vuttavādino, na ca bhagavantaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhanti, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākaronti, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchati? Anabbhācikkhitukāmā hi mayaṃ, bhante, bhagavanta’’nti. ‘‘Ye te, gāmaṇi, evamāhaṃsu – ‘samaṇo gotamo māyaṃ jānātī’ti, vuttavādino ceva me, te na ca maṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhanti, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākaronti, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchatīti, saccaṃyeva kira, bho, mayaṃ tesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ na saddahāma – ‘samaṇo gotamo māyaṃ jānātīti, samaṇo khalu bho gotamo māyāvī’ti. Yo nu kho, gāmaṇi, evaṃ vadeti – ‘ahaṃ māyaṃ jānāmī’ti, so evaṃ vadeti – ‘ahaṃ māyāvī’ti. Tatheva taṃ bhagavā hoti, tatheva taṃ sugata hotī’’ti. Tena hi, gāmaṇi, taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi; yathā te khameyya, tathā taṃ byākareyyāsi –
86“村长,你是怎么想的?你认识果离亚人中那些戴着垂珠帽的卫士吗?”“尊者,我认识果离亚人中那些戴着垂珠帽的卫士。”“村长,你是怎么想的?果离亚人设置这些戴着垂珠帽的卫士有什么目的呢?”“尊者,是为了阻止那些强盗,以及传递果离亚人的各种信函,这就是果离亚人设置那些戴着垂珠帽的卫士的目的。”“村长,你是怎么想的?你知不知道果离亚人中那些戴着垂珠帽的卫士是持戒者还是破戒者呢?”“尊者,我知道果离亚人中那些戴着垂珠帽的卫士是破戒的、品性恶劣的人。世间那些破戒的、品性恶劣的人,果离亚的垂珠帽卫士就是其中一类。”“村长,如果有人说:‘巴答离亚村长认识果离亚人中那些戴着垂珠帽的卫士,知道他们是破戒的、品性恶劣的人,因此巴答离亚村长他自己也是破戒的、品性恶劣的人。’他这样说,说得对吗?”“尊者,那不对!尊者,果离亚人的那些垂珠帽卫士是一回事,我又是另一回事。果离亚人的那些垂珠帽卫士性质是那样的,而我的性质是这样的。”“村长,你尚且能够如此:‘巴答离亚村长认识果离亚人中那些戴着垂珠帽的卫士,知道他们是破戒的、品性恶劣的人,但巴答离亚村长他自己并不是破戒的、品性恶劣的人。’为什么如来就不能如此:‘如来懂得幻术,但如来并不是幻术师’呢?村长,我清楚地了知什么是幻术,也了知幻术的果报,并且了知一个奉行幻术的人,在身体破裂、死亡之后,会如何投生到苦界、恶趣、堕落处、地狱。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, jānāsi tvaṃ koliyānaṃ lambacūḷake bhaṭe’’ti? ‘‘Jānāmahaṃ, bhante, koliyānaṃ lambacūḷake bhaṭe’’ti. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, kimatthiyā koliyānaṃ lambacūḷakā bhaṭā’’ti? ‘‘Ye ca, bhante, koliyānaṃ corā te ca paṭisedhetuṃ, yāni ca koliyānaṃ dūteyyāni tāni ca vahātuṃ , etadatthiyā, bhante, koliyānaṃ lambacūḷakā bhaṭā’’ti. ‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, jānāsi tvaṃ koliyānaṃ lambacūḷake bhaṭe sīlavante vā te dussīle vā’’ti? ‘‘Jānāmahaṃ, bhante, koliyānaṃ lambacūḷake bhaṭe dussīle pāpadhamme ; ye ca loke dussīlā pāpadhammā koliyānaṃ lambacūḷakā bhaṭā tesaṃ aññatarā’’ti. ‘‘Yo nu kho, gāmaṇi, evaṃ vadeyya – ‘pāṭaliyo gāmaṇi jānāti koliyānaṃ lambacūḷake bhaṭe dussīle pāpadhamme, pāṭaliyopi gāmaṇi dussīlo pāpadhammo’ti, sammā nu kho so vadamāno vadeyyā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante! Aññe, bhante, koliyānaṃ lambacūḷakā bhaṭā, aññohamasmi. Aññathādhammā koliyānaṃ lambacūḷakā bhaṭā, aññathādhammohamasmī’’ti. ‘‘Tvañhi nāma, gāmaṇi, lacchasi – ‘pāṭaliyo gāmaṇi jānāti koliyānaṃ lambacūḷake bhaṭe dussīle pāpadhamme, na ca pāṭaliyo gāmaṇi dussīlo pāpadhammo’ti, kasmā tathāgato na lacchati – ‘tathāgato māyaṃ jānāti, na ca tathāgato māyāvī’ti? Māyaṃ cāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, pajānāmi, māyāya ca vipākaṃ, yathāpaṭipanno ca māyāvī kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati tañca pajānāmi’’.
87村长,我了解杀生,也了解杀生的果报,知道一个杀生的人在身体崩解、死亡之后,会如何投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。村长,我了解偷盗,也了解偷盗的果报,知道一个偷盗的人在身体崩解、死亡之后,会如何投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。村长,我了解邪淫,也了解邪淫的果报,知道一个邪淫的人在身体崩解、死亡之后,会如何投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。村长,我了解妄语,也了解妄语的果报,知道一个妄语的人在身体崩解、死亡之后,会如何投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。村长,我了解离间语,也了解离间语的果报,知道一个说离间语的人在身体崩解、死亡之后,会如何投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。村长,我了解粗恶语,也了解粗恶语的果报,知道一个说粗恶语的人在身体崩解、死亡之后,会如何投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。村长,我了解杂秽语,也了解杂秽语的果报,知道一个说杂秽语的人在身体崩解、死亡之后,会如何投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。村长,我了解贪欲,也了解贪欲的果报,知道一个充满贪欲的人在身体崩解、死亡之后,会如何投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。村长,我了解瞋恨,也了解瞋恨的果报,知道一个心怀瞋恨的人在身体崩解、死亡之后,会如何投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。村长,我了解邪见,也了解邪见的果报,知道一个持有邪见的人在身体崩解、死亡之后,会如何投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。
‘‘Pāṇātipātaṃ cāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, pajānāmi, pāṇātipātassa ca vipākaṃ, yathāpaṭipanno ca pāṇātipātī kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati tañca pajānāmi. Adinnādānaṃ cāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, pajānāmi, adinnādānassa ca vipākaṃ, yathāpaṭipanno ca adinnādāyī kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati tañca pajānāmi. Kāmesumicchācāraṃ cāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, pajānāmi, kāmesumicchācārassa ca vipākaṃ, yathāpaṭipanno ca kāmesumicchācārī kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati tañca pajānāmi. Musāvādaṃ cāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, pajānāmi, musāvādassa ca vipākaṃ, yathāpaṭipanno ca musāvādī kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati tañca pajānāmi. Pisuṇavācaṃ cāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, pajānāmi, pisuṇavācāya ca vipākaṃ, yathāpaṭipanno ca pisuṇavāco kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati tañca pajānāmi. Pharusavācaṃ cāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, pajānāmi, pharusavācāya ca vipākaṃ, yathāpaṭipanno ca pharusavāco kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati tañca pajānāmi. Samphappalāpaṃ cāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, pajānāmi, samphappalāpassa ca vipākaṃ, yathāpaṭipanno ca samphappalāpī kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati tañca pajānāmi. Abhijjhaṃ cāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, pajānāmi, abhijjhāya ca vipākaṃ, yathāpaṭipanno ca abhijjhālu kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati tañca pajānāmi. Byāpādapadosaṃ cāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, pajānāmi, byāpādapadosassa ca vipākaṃ, yathāpaṭipanno ca byāpannacitto kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati tañca pajānāmi. Micchādiṭṭhiṃ cāhaṃ, gāmaṇi, pajānāmi, micchādiṭṭhiyā ca vipākaṃ, yathāpaṭipanno ca micchādiṭṭhiko kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjati tañca pajānāmi.
88村长,有一些沙门、婆罗门,持有这样的理论、这样的见解:'任何杀生的人,他全部都会在当下这一生就感受到痛苦、忧恼。任何偷盗的人,他全部都会在当下这一生就感受到痛苦、忧恼。任何邪淫的人,他全部都会在当下这一生就感受到痛苦、忧恼。任何说谎的人,他全部都会在当下这一生就感受到痛苦、忧恼。'
‘‘Santi hi, gāmaṇi, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘yo koci pāṇamatipāteti, sabbo so diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Yo koci adinnaṃ ādiyati, sabbo so diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Yo koci kāmesu micchā carati, sabbo so diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayati. Yo koci musā bhaṇati, sabbo so diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayatī’’’ti.
89然而,村长,在这里也确实能看到有人戴着花环、耳环,沐浴洁净,涂好香膏,须发修剪整齐,享受着女人,就像国王一样。有人就会这么问:'喂!这个人做了什么,能戴着花环、耳环,沐浴洁净,涂好香膏,须发修剪整齐,享受着女人,就像国王一样?'有人就会这么回答:'喂!这个人用武力杀死了国王的敌人。国王对他很满意,就给了他赏赐。因此这个人能戴着花环、耳环,沐浴洁净,涂好香膏,须发修剪整齐,享受着女人,就像国王一样。'
‘‘Dissati kho pana, gāmaṇi, idhekacco mālī kuṇḍalī sunhāto suvilitto kappitakesamassu itthikāmehi rājā maññe paricārento. Tamenaṃ evamāhaṃsu – ‘ambho! Ayaṃ puriso kiṃ akāsi mālī kuṇḍalī sunhāto suvilitto kappitakesamassu itthikāmehi rājā maññe paricāretī’ti? Tamenaṃ evamāhaṃsu – ‘ambho! Ayaṃ puriso rañño paccatthikaṃ pasayha jīvitā voropesi. Tassa rājā attamano abhihāramadāsi. Tenāyaṃ puriso mālī kuṇḍalī sunhāto suvilitto kappitakesamassu, itthikāmehi rājā maññe paricāretī’’’ti.
90然而,村长,在这里也确实能看到有人被粗大的绳索将双手反绑在身后紧紧捆住,被剃光了头,有人敲着声音刺耳的鼓,押着他穿过一条又一条街,走过一个又一个广场,然后从南门带出去,在城南处被砍头。有人就会这么问:'喂!这个人做了什么,要被粗大的绳索反绑双手紧紧捆住,剃光头,敲着刺耳的鼓,游街示众,然后从南门带出去,在城南处砍头?'有人就会这么回答:'喂!这个人是国王的仇敌,他杀害了一个女人或一个男人。因此,国王们抓住了他,让他承受这样的刑罚。'
‘‘Dissati kho, gāmaṇi, idhekacco daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṃ gāḷhabandhanaṃ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṃ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathiyāya rathiyaṃ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṃ parinetvā, dakkhiṇena dvārena nikkhāmetvā, dakkhiṇato nagarassa sīsaṃ chijjamāno. Tamenaṃ evamāhaṃsu – ‘ambho! Ayaṃ puriso kiṃ akāsi, daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṃ gāḷhabandhanaṃ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṃ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathiyāya rathiyaṃ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṃ parinetvā dakkhiṇena dvārena nikkhāmetvā dakkhiṇato nagarassa sīsaṃ chindatī’ti ? Tamenaṃ evamāhaṃsu – ‘ambho! Ayaṃ puriso rājaverī itthiṃ vā purisaṃ vā jīvitā voropesi, tena naṃ rājāno gahetvā evarūpaṃ kammakāraṇaṃ kārentī’’’ti.
91世尊说:'村长,你觉得如何?你见过或听过这样的事吗?'村长回答:'尊者,我不只见过、听过,以后还会再听到这样的事。'世尊说:'那么,村长,那些持有这种理论、这种见解的沙门、婆罗门——“任何杀生的人,他全部都会在当下这一生就感受到痛苦、忧恼”——他们是说了真话,还是说了假话?'村长说:'是假话,尊者。'世尊问:'那些说着空洞谎言的人,是持戒者还是破戒者?'村长答:'是破戒者,尊者。'世尊问:'那些破戒、品性恶劣的人,他们是走错路的,还是走对路的?'村长答:'他们是走错路的,尊者。'世尊问:'那些走错路的人,他们是持有邪见的,还是持有正见的?'村长答:'他们是持有邪见的,尊者。'世尊问:'那么,对那些持有邪见的人,对他们生起信心合适吗?'村长答:'这不合适,尊者。'
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, api nu te evarūpaṃ diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Diṭṭhañca no, bhante, sutañca suyyissati cā’’ti. ‘‘Tatra, gāmaṇi, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘yo koci pāṇamatipāteti, sabbo so diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayatī’ti, saccaṃ vā te āhaṃsu musā vā’’ti? ‘‘Musā, bhante’’. ‘‘Ye pana te tucchaṃ musā vilapanti, sīlavanto vā te dussīlā vā’’ti? ‘‘Dussīlā , bhante’’. ‘‘Ye pana te dussīlā pāpadhammā micchāpaṭipannā vā te sammāpaṭipannā vā’’ti? ‘‘Micchāpaṭipannā, bhante’’ . ‘‘Ye pana te micchāpaṭipannā micchādiṭṭhikā vā te sammādiṭṭhikā vā’’ti? ‘‘Micchādiṭṭhikā, bhante’’. ‘‘Ye pana te micchādiṭṭhikā kallaṃ nu tesu pasīditu’’nti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
92然而,村长,在这里也确实能看到有人戴着花环、耳环……(中略)……享受着女人,就像国王一样。有人就会这么问:'喂!这个人做了什么,能戴着花环、耳环……(中略)……享受着女人,就像国王一样?'有人就会这么回答:'喂!这个人用武力抢夺了国王敌人的宝物。国王对他很满意,就给了他赏赐。因此这个人能戴着花环、耳环……(中略)……享受着女人,就像国王一样。'
‘‘Dissati kho pana, gāmaṇi, idhekacco mālī kuṇḍalī…pe… itthikāmehi rājā maññe paricārento. Tamenaṃ evamāhaṃsu – ‘ambho! Ayaṃ puriso kiṃ akāsi mālī kuṇḍalī…pe… itthikāmehi rājā maññe paricāretī’ti? Tamenaṃ evamāhaṃsu – ‘ambho! Ayaṃ puriso rañño paccatthikassa pasayha ratanaṃ ahāsi . Tassa rājā attamano abhihāramadāsi. Tenāyaṃ puriso mālī kuṇḍalī…pe… itthikāmehi rājā maññe paricāretī’’’ti.
93“村长,你肯定见过或听说过这样的事:有个人被粗绳索紧紧捆住,……在城南被砍头。人们问他:‘喂,这人做了什么,要被粗绳索捆绑……在城南砍头呢?’旁边的人回答说:‘喂,这个人从村子或山林里,拿了别人没给的东西,算作偷盗。因此,国王们抓住他,让他承受这样的刑罚。’村长,你怎么看?你可曾见过或听过这样的事吗?”“尊者,我见过,也听过,以后也会听到的。”“村长,既然如此,那些沙门和婆罗门这样说、这样认为:‘任何拿走别人没给的东西的人,他们每一个都会在现世就感受到苦和忧。’他们说的是真实,还是虚假呢?……在这些说法中,值得产生信心吗?”“尊者,不值得。”
‘‘Dissati kho, gāmaṇi, idhekacco daḷhāya rajjuyā…pe… dakkhiṇato nagarassa sīsaṃ chijjamāno tamenaṃ evamāhaṃsu – ‘ambho! Ayaṃ puriso kiṃ akāsi daḷhāya rajjuyā…pe… dakkhiṇato nagarassa sīsaṃ chindatī’ti? Tamenaṃ evamāhaṃsu – ‘ambho! Ayaṃ puriso gāmā vā araññā vā adinnaṃ theyyasaṅkhātaṃ ādiyi. Tena naṃ rājāno gahetvā evarūpaṃ kammakāraṇaṃ kārentī’ti. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, api nu te evarūpaṃ diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Diṭṭhañca no, bhante, sutañca suyyissati cā’’ti. ‘‘Tatra , gāmaṇi, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘yo koci adinnaṃ ādiyati, sabbo so diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayatī’ti, saccaṃ vā te āhaṃsu musā vāti…pe… kallaṃ nu tesu pasīditu’’nti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
94“可是,村长,我们也见过或听说过这样的事:有个人戴着花环,戴着耳环,……享受着欲乐,简直就像国王一样。人们问他:‘喂,这人做了什么,能戴着花环……享受着欲乐,简直就像国王一样呢?’旁边的人回答说:‘喂,这个人去侵犯了国王敌人的妻子。国王对他很满意,赏赐了他。因此,这个人才能戴着花环……享受着欲乐,简直就像国王一样。’”
‘‘Dissati kho pana, gāmaṇi, idhekacco mālī kuṇḍalī…pe… itthikāmehi rājā maññe paricārento. Tamenaṃ evamāhaṃsu – ‘ambho! Ayaṃ puriso kiṃ akāsi mālī kuṇḍalī…pe… itthikāmehi rājā maññe paricāretī’ti? Tamenaṃ evamāhaṃsu – ‘ambho! Ayaṃ puriso rañño paccatthikassa dāresu cārittaṃ āpajji. Tassa rājā attamano abhihāramadāsi. Tenāyaṃ puriso mālī kuṇḍalī…pe… itthikāmehi rājā maññe paricāretī’’’ti.
95“村长,你肯定见过或听说过这样的事:有个人被粗绳索紧紧捆住,……在城南被砍头。人们问他:‘喂,这人做了什么,要被粗绳索捆绑……在城南砍头呢?’旁边的人回答说:‘喂,这个人侵犯了良家妇女和良家少女。因此,国王们抓住他,让他承受这样的刑罚。’村长,你怎么看?你可曾见过或听过这样的事吗?”“尊者,我见过,也听过,以后也会听到的。”“村长,既然如此,那些沙门和婆罗门这样说、这样认为:‘任何在感官欲望上行为不正的人,他们每一个都会在现世就感受到苦和忧。’他们说的是真实,还是虚假呢?……在这些说法中,值得产生信心吗?”“尊者,不值得。”
‘‘Dissati kho, gāmaṇi, idhekacco daḷhāya rajjuyā…pe… dakkhiṇato nagarassa sīsaṃ chijjamāno. Tamenaṃ evamāhaṃsu – ‘ambho! Ayaṃ puriso kiṃ akāsi daḷhāya rajjuyā…pe… dakkhiṇato nagarassa sīsaṃ chindatī’ti? Tamenaṃ evamāhaṃsu – ‘ambho! Ayaṃ puriso kulitthīsu kulakumārīsu cārittaṃ āpajji, tena naṃ rājāno gahetvā evarūpaṃ kammakāraṇaṃ kārentī’ti. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, api nu te evarūpaṃ diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Diṭṭhañca no, bhante, sutañca suyyissati cā’’ti. ‘‘Tatra, gāmaṇi, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘yo koci kāmesu micchā carati, sabbo so diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayatī’ti, saccaṃ vā te āhaṃsu musā vāti…pe… kallaṃ nu tesu pasīditu’’nti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
96“可是,村长,我们也见过或听说过这样的事:有个人戴着花环和耳环,沐浴干净,涂好香料,修剪好须发,享受着欲乐,简直就像国王一样。人们问他:‘喂,这人做了什么,能戴着花环……享受欲乐,简直就像国王一样呢?’旁边的人回答说:‘喂,这个人用谎言取悦了国王。国王对他很满意,赏赐了他。因此,这个人才能戴着花环……享受着欲乐,简直就像国王一样。’”
‘‘Dissati kho pana, gāmaṇi, idhekacco mālī kuṇḍalī sunhāto suvilitto kappitakesamassu itthikāmehi rājā maññe paricārento. Tamenaṃ evamāhaṃsu – ‘ambho! Ayaṃ puriso kiṃ akāsi mālī kuṇḍalī sunhāto suvilitto kappitakesamassu itthikāmehi rājā maññe paricāretī’ti? Tamenaṃ evamāhaṃsu – ‘ambho! Ayaṃ puriso rājānaṃ musāvādena hāsesi. Tassa rājā attamano abhihāramadāsi. Tenāyaṃ puriso mālī kuṇḍalī sunhāto suvilitto kappitakesamassu itthikāmehi rājā maññe paricāretī’’’ti.
97“村长,你肯定见过或听说过这样的事:有个人被粗绳索反剪双手紧紧地捆住,剃光了头,有人敲着声音刺耳的鼓,押着他走街串巷,穿过一个个十字路口,从南门出城,然后在城南被砍头。人们问他:‘喂,这人做了什么,要被反绑双手、剃光头发、敲鼓游街、穿过十字路口,从南门出城,在城南砍头呢?’旁边的人回答说:‘喂,这个人用谎言毁掉了某位家主或家主儿子的利益和福祉。因此,国王们抓住他,让他承受这样的刑罚。’村长,你怎么看?你可曾见过或听过这样的事吗?”“尊者,我见过,也听过,以后也会听到的。”“那么,村长,对于那些持有‘任何说谎的人,他们每一个都会在现世就感受到苦和忧’这种说法和见解的沙门婆罗门,他们说的是真话还是假话呢?”“假话,尊者。”“那些说空洞假话的人,他们是戒行具足的,还是戒行败坏的?”“戒行败坏的,尊者。”“那些戒行败坏、本性邪恶、走在错误道路上的人,他们是正确行道的人还是错误行道的人?”“错误行道的人,尊者。”“那些错误行道的人,是持有邪见的人还是持有正见的人?”“持有邪见的,尊者。”“对于这些持有邪见的人,值得对他们产生信心吗?”“尊者,不值得。”
‘‘Dissati kho, gāmaṇi, idhekacco daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṃ gāḷhabandhanaṃ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṃ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathiyāya rathiyaṃ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṃ parinetvā dakkhiṇena dvārena nikkhāmetvā dakkhiṇato nagarassa sīsaṃ chijjamāno. Tamenaṃ evamāhaṃsu – ‘ambho! Ayaṃ puriso kiṃ akāsi daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṃ gāḷhabandhanaṃ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṃ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathiyāya rathiyaṃ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṃ parinetvā, dakkhiṇena dvārena nikkhāmetvā, dakkhiṇato nagarassa sīsaṃ chindatī’ti? Tamenaṃ evamāhaṃsu – ‘ambho! Ayaṃ puriso gahapatissa vā gahapatiputtassa vā musāvādena atthaṃ bhañji, tena naṃ rājāno gahetvā evarūpaṃ kammakāraṇaṃ kārentī’ti. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, api nu te evarūpaṃ diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘Diṭṭhañca no , bhante, sutañca suyyissati cā’’ti. ‘‘Tatra, gāmaṇi, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino – ‘yo koci musā bhaṇati, sabbo so diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedayatī’ti, saccaṃ vā te āhaṃsu musā vā’’ti ? ‘‘Musā, bhante’’. ‘‘Ye pana te tucchaṃ musā vilapanti sīlavanto vā te dussīlā vā’’ti? ‘‘Dussīlā, bhante’’. ‘‘Ye pana te dussīlā pāpadhammā micchāpaṭipannā vā te sammāpaṭipannā vā’’ti? ‘‘Micchāpaṭipannā, bhante’’. ‘‘Ye pana te micchāpaṭipannā micchādiṭṭhikā vā te sammādiṭṭhikā vā’’ti? ‘‘Micchādiṭṭhikā, bhante’’. ‘‘Ye pana te micchādiṭṭhikā kallaṃ nu tesu pasīditu’’nti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
98“尊者,真是稀有!真是不可思议!尊者,我有所客舍。那里有床榻,有座位,有水罐,有油灯。凡是来到那里借宿的沙门或婆罗门,我都会尽我的能力、尽我的力量和他们分享。过去,尊者,曾有四位导师,他们见解各异、喜好各异、兴趣各异,先后到我那所客舍来投宿。”
‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bhante, abbhutaṃ, bhante! Atthi me, bhante, āvasathāgāraṃ. Tattha atthi mañcakāni, atthi āsanāni, atthi udakamaṇiko, atthi telappadīpo. Tattha yo samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā vāsaṃ upeti, tenāhaṃ yathāsatti yathābalaṃ saṃvibhajāmi. Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhante, cattāro satthāro nānādiṭṭhikā nānākhantikā nānārucikā, tasmiṃ āvasathāgāre vāsaṃ upagacchuṃ’’.
99有一位老师持这样的主张和见解:‘没有布施,没有供养,没有祭祀,没有善恶业的果报和异熟;没有此世间,没有他世间;没有母亲,没有父亲;没有化生的众生;世间中没有那些依正行、依正道的沙门和婆罗门,自己证知、亲证后开示此世间与他世间的。’
‘‘Eko satthā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – ‘natthi dinnaṃ, natthi yiṭṭhaṃ, natthi hutaṃ, natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko. Natthi ayaṃ loko, natthi paro loko, natthi mātā, natthi pitā, natthi sattā opapātikā, natthi loke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sammaggatā sammāpaṭipannā ye imañca lokaṃ parañca lokaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentī’’’ti.
100有一位老师持这样的主张和见解:‘有布施,有供养,有祭祀,有善恶业的果报和异熟;有此世间,有他世间;有母亲,有父亲;有化生的众生;世间中有那些依正行、依正道的沙门和婆罗门,自己证知、亲证后开示此世间与他世间的。’
‘‘Eko satthā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – ‘atthi dinnaṃ, atthi yiṭṭhaṃ , atthi hutaṃ, atthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko, atthi ayaṃ loko, atthi paro loko, atthi mātā, atthi pitā, atthi sattā opapātikā, atthi loke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sammaggatā sammāpaṭipannā, ye imañca lokaṃ parañca lokaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentī’’’ti.
101有一位老师持这样的主张和见解:‘自己作、令人作,自己砍、令人砍,自己折磨、令人折磨,自己使忧苦、令人使忧苦,自己劳累、令人劳累,自己使颤抖、令人使颤抖,自己杀生、令人杀生,不与而取,破墙而入,行掠夺,抢劫一户人家,拦路劫持,私通他人妻子,说妄语——那样做的人,并不造恶。就算有人拿着边缘锋利的轮子,把这片大地上的众生弄成一个肉团、一堆肉块,也不会因此而有恶,恶不会到来。就算他沿着恒河南岸走,打杀、砍杀、令砍杀、折磨、令折磨,也不会因此而有恶,恶不会到来。就算他沿着恒河北岸走,布施、令布施、供养、令供养,也不会因此而有福德,福德不会到来。通过布施、调御、自制、说真实语,也没有福德,福德不会到来。’
‘‘Eko satthā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – ‘karoto kārayato, chindato chedāpayato, pacato pācāpayato, socayato socāpayato, kilamato kilamāpayato, phandato phandāpayato, pāṇamatipātayato, adinnaṃ ādiyato, sandhiṃ chindato, nillopaṃ harato, ekāgārikaṃ karoto, paripanthe tiṭṭhato, paradāraṃ gacchato, musā bhaṇato, karoto na karīyati pāpaṃ. Khurapariyantena cepi cakkena yo imissā pathaviyā pāṇe ekaṃ maṃsakhalaṃ ekaṃ maṃsapuñjaṃ kareyya, natthi tatonidānaṃ pāpaṃ, natthi pāpassa āgamo. Dakkhiṇaṃ cepi gaṅgāya tīraṃ gaccheyya hananto ghātento chindanto chedāpento pacanto pācāpento, natthi tatonidānaṃ pāpaṃ, natthi pāpassa āgamo. Uttaraṃ cepi gaṅgāya tīraṃ gaccheyya dadanto dāpento yajanto yajāpento, natthi tatonidānaṃ puññaṃ, natthi puññassa āgamo. Dānena damena saṃyamena saccavajjena natthi puññaṃ, natthi puññassa āgamo’’’ti.
102有一位老师持这样的主张和见解:‘自己作、令人作,自己砍、令人砍,自己折磨、令人折磨,自己使忧苦、令人使忧苦,自己劳累、令人劳累,自己使颤抖、令人使颤抖,自己杀生、令人杀生,不与而取,破墙而入,行掠夺,抢劫一户人家,拦路劫持,私通他人妻子,说妄语——那样做的人,实在造恶。就算有人拿着边缘锋利的轮子,把这片大地上的众生弄成一个肉团、一堆肉块,他也会因此而有恶,恶会到来。就算他沿着恒河南岸走,打杀、砍杀、令砍杀、折磨、令折磨,他也会因此而有恶,恶会到来。就算他沿着恒河北岸走,布施、令布施、供养、令供养,他也会因此而有福德,福德会到来。通过布施、调御、自制、说真实语,确实有福德,福德会到来。’
‘‘Eko satthā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – ‘karoto kārayato, chindato chedāpayato, pacato pācāpayato, socayato socāpayato, kilamato kilamāpayato, phandato phandāpayato, pāṇamatipātayato, adinnaṃ ādiyato, sandhiṃ chindato, nillopaṃ harato, ekāgārikaṃ karoto, paripanthe tiṭṭhato, paradāraṃ gacchato , musā bhaṇato, karoto karīyati pāpaṃ. Khurapariyantena cepi cakkena yo imissā pathaviyā pāṇe ekaṃ maṃsakhalaṃ ekaṃ maṃsapuñjaṃ kareyya, atthi tatonidānaṃ pāpaṃ, atthi pāpassa āgamo. Dakkhiṇaṃ cepi gaṅgāya tīraṃ gaccheyya hananto ghātento chindanto chedāpento pacanto pācāpento, atthi tatonidānaṃ pāpaṃ, atthi pāpassa āgamo. Uttaraṃ cepi gaṅgāya tīraṃ gaccheyya dadanto dāpento, yajanto yajāpento, atthi tatonidānaṃ puññaṃ, atthi puññassa āgamo. Dānena damena saṃyamena saccavajjena atthi puññaṃ, atthi puññassa āgamo’’’ti.
103大德,我确实有过疑惑,有过犹豫:‘这些受人尊敬的沙门和婆罗门中,到底谁说的是真实的,谁说的是虚假的呢?’
‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, ahudeva kaṅkhā, ahu vicikicchā – ‘kosu nāma imesaṃ bhavataṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ saccaṃ āha, ko musā’’’ti?
104村长,你应当疑惑,应当犹豫。因为那确实是个令人产生疑惑和犹豫的地方。‘大德,我对世尊是这样净信的。我相信世尊有能力用那样的方式为我讲法,使得我断除这个疑惑的法。’
‘‘Alañhi te, gāmaṇi, kaṅkhituṃ, alaṃ vicikicchituṃ. Kaṅkhanīye ca pana te ṭhāne vicikicchā uppannā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ pasannohaṃ, bhante, bhagavati. Pahoti me bhagavā tathā dhammaṃ desetuṃ yathāhaṃ imaṃ kaṅkhādhammaṃ pajaheyya’’nti.
105村长,有法之定。如果你在那里能获得心之定,这样你就能舍断这疑惑之法。那么,村长,什么是法之定呢?村长,在这里,圣弟子断除杀生,远离杀生;断除不与取,远离不与取;断除欲邪行,远离欲邪行;断除妄语,远离妄语;断除离间语,远离离间语;断除粗恶语,远离粗恶语;断除杂秽语,远离杂秽语;断除贪欲,成为无贪欲者;断除嗔恚与不满,成为无嗔心者;断除邪见,成为正见者。
‘‘Atthi, gāmaṇi, dhammasamādhi. Tatra ce tvaṃ cittasamādhiṃ paṭilabheyyāsi. Evaṃ tvaṃ imaṃ kaṅkhādhammaṃ pajaheyyāsi. Katamo ca, gāmaṇi, dhammasamādhi? Idha, gāmaṇi, ariyasāvako pāṇātipātaṃ pahāya pāṇātipātā paṭivirato hoti, adinnādānaṃ pahāya adinnādānā paṭivirato hoti, kāmesumicchācāraṃ pahāya kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato hoti, musāvādaṃ pahāya musāvādā paṭivirato hoti, pisuṇaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti , pharusaṃ vācaṃ pahāya pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato hoti, samphappalāpaṃ pahāya samphappalāpā paṭivirato hoti, abhijjhaṃ pahāya anabhijjhālu hoti, byāpādapadosaṃ pahāya abyāpannacitto hoti, micchādiṭṭhiṃ pahāya sammādiṭṭhiko hoti.
106那么,村长,这位圣弟子这样离开了贪欲、离开了嗔恚、不昏昧,正知、具念,以与慈俱行之心遍满一个方向而住,同样地第二个方向,同样地第三个方向,同样地第四个方向,如此,向上、向下、横向、遍一切处、于一切世界,以与慈俱行的广大、宏大、无量、无怨、无害之心遍满而住。他如此审察:'那位导师是这样说、这样见的:没有布施,没有供养,没有献祭,没有善行恶行的业的果报,没有此世,没有他世,没有母亲,没有父亲,没有化生有情,世间没有正行正道的沙门婆罗门,能自己证知此世与他世后宣说。'(他心想:)'如果那位尊贵导师的话是真实的,那我也是稳妥的,因为我不伤害任何会动或不会动的有情。在这件事上,两方面我都赢了,即我在身业上防护、语业上防护、意业上防护,而且身坏命终之后我将投生到善趣、天界。'他因此生起欢喜。欢喜者生起喜悦。意喜悦者身体轻安。身体轻安者感受快乐。快乐者心得定。村长,这就是法之定。如果你在那里能获得心之定,这样你就能舍断这疑惑之法。
‘‘Sa kho so, gāmaṇi, ariyasāvako evaṃ vigatābhijjho vigatabyāpādo asammūḷho sampajāno paṭissato mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ, iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yvāyaṃ satthā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – natthi dinnaṃ, natthi yiṭṭhaṃ, natthi hutaṃ, natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko, natthi ayaṃ loko, natthi paro loko, natthi mātā, natthi pitā, natthi sattā opapātikā, natthi loke samaṇabrāhmaṇā, sammaggatā sammāpaṭipannā ye imañca lokaṃ parañca lokaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentī’ti. ‘Sace tassa bhoto satthuno saccaṃ vacanaṃ, apaṇṇakatāya mayhaṃ, yvāhaṃ na kiñci byābādhemi tasaṃ vā thāvaraṃ vā? Ubhayamettha kaṭaggāho, yaṃ camhi kāyena saṃvuto vācāya saṃvuto manasā saṃvuto, yañca kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjissāmī’ti . Tassa pāmojjaṃ jāyati. Pamuditassa pīti jāyati. Pītimanassa kāyo passambhati. Passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedayati. Sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Ayaṃ kho, gāmaṇi, dhammasamādhi . Tatra ce tvaṃ cittasamādhiṃ paṭilabheyyāsi, evaṃ tvaṃ imaṃ kaṅkhādhammaṃ pajaheyyāsi.
107那么,村长,这位圣弟子这样离开了贪欲、离开了嗔恚、不昏昧,正知、具念,以与慈俱行之心遍满一个方向而住,同样地第二个方向,同样地第三个方向,同样地第四个方向,如此,向上、向下、横向、遍一切处、于一切世界,以与慈俱行的广大、宏大、无量、无怨、无害之心遍满而住。他如此审察:'那位导师是这样说、这样见的:有布施,有供养,有献祭,有善行恶行的业的果报,有此世,有他世,有母亲,有父亲,有化生有情,世间有正行正道的沙门婆罗门,能自己证知此世与他世后宣说。'(他心想:)'如果那位尊贵导师的话是真实的,那我也是稳妥的,因为我不伤害任何会动或不会动的有情。在这件事上,两方面我都赢了,即我在身业上防护、语业上防护、意业上防护,而且身坏命终之后我将投生到善趣、天界。'他因此生起欢喜。欢喜者生起喜悦。意喜悦者身体轻安。身体轻安者感受快乐。快乐者心得定。村长,这就是法之定。如果你在那里能获得心之定,这样你就能舍断这疑惑之法。
‘‘Sa kho so, gāmaṇi, ariyasāvako evaṃ vigatābhijjho vigatabyāpādo asammūḷho sampajāno paṭissato mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ, iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yvāyaṃ satthā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – atthi dinnaṃ, atthi yiṭṭhaṃ, atthi hutaṃ, atthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko, atthi ayaṃ loko, atthi paro loko, atthi mātā, atthi pitā, atthi sattā opapātikā, atthi loke samaṇabrāhmaṇā, sammaggatā sammāpaṭipannā ye imañca lokaṃ parañca lokaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentī’ti. ‘Sace tassa bhoto satthuno saccaṃ vacanaṃ, apaṇṇakatāya mayhaṃ, yvāhaṃ na kiñci byābādhemi tasaṃ vā thāvaraṃ vā? Ubhayamettha kaṭaggāho, yaṃ camhi kāyena saṃvuto vācāya saṃvuto manasā saṃvuto, yañca kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjissāmī’ti. Tassa pāmojjaṃ jāyati. Pamuditassa pīti jāyati. Pītimanassa kāyo passambhati. Passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedayati. Sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Ayaṃ kho, gāmaṇi, dhammasamādhi. Tatra ce tvaṃ cittasamādhiṃ paṭilabheyyāsi, evaṃ tvaṃ imaṃ kaṅkhādhammaṃ pajaheyyāsi.
108那么,村长,这位圣弟子这样离开了贪欲、离开了嗔恚、不昏昧,正知、具念,以与慈俱行之心遍满一个方向而住,同样地第二个方向,同样地第三个方向,同样地第四个方向,如此,向上、向下、横向、遍一切处、于一切世界,以与慈俱行的广大、宏大、无量、无怨、无害之心遍满而住。他如此审察:'那位导师是这样说、这样见的:自己作、令他人作,自己砍杀、令他人砍杀,自己烧煮、令他人烧煮,自己使人忧愁、令他人使人忧愁,自己使人疲累、令他人使人疲累,自己使人颤抖、令他人使人颤抖,自己杀生、取不与取、破门入宅、掠夺财物、单独行窃、拦路抢劫、与他人妻通奸、说妄语,这样作的人并不造作恶业。即使有人用利刃轮盘将这地上的有情做成一个肉块、一个肉堆,也不因此而有什么恶,没有恶的来临。即使他沿着恒河南岸去,杀害、屠杀、砍杀、令他人砍杀、烧煮、令他人烧煮,也不因此而有什么恶,没有恶的来临。即使他沿着恒河北岸去,布施、令他人布施,供养、令他人供养,也不因此而有什么福,没有福的来临。通过布施、调伏、自制、实语,没有福,没有福的来临。'(他心想:)'如果那位尊贵导师的话是真实的,那我也是稳妥的,因为我不伤害任何会动或不会动的有情。在这件事上,两方面我都赢了,即我在身业上防护、语业上防护、意业上防护,而且身坏命终之后我将投生到善趣、天界。'他因此生起欢喜。欢喜者生起喜悦。意喜悦者身体轻安。身体轻安者感受快乐。快乐者心得定。村长,这就是法之定。如果你在那里能获得心之定,这样你就能舍断这疑惑之法。
‘‘Sa kho so, gāmaṇi, ariyasāvako evaṃ vigatābhijjho vigatabyāpādo asammūḷho sampajāno paṭissato mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ, iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yvāyaṃ satthā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – karoto kārayato, chindato chedāpayato, pacato pācāpayato, socayato socāpayato, kilamato kilamāpayato, phandato phandāpayato, pāṇamatipātayato, adinnaṃ ādiyato, sandhiṃ chindato, nillopaṃ harato, ekāgārikaṃ karoto, paripanthe tiṭṭhato, paradāraṃ gacchato, musā bhaṇato, karoto na karīyati pāpaṃ. Khurapariyantena cepi cakkena yo imissā pathaviyā pāṇe ekaṃ maṃsakhalaṃ ekaṃ maṃsapuñjaṃ kareyya, natthi tatonidānaṃ pāpaṃ, natthi pāpassa āgamo. Dakkhiṇañcepi gaṅgāya tīraṃ gaccheyya hananto ghātento chindanto chedāpento pacanto pācāpento, natthi tatonidānaṃ pāpaṃ, natthi pāpassa āgamo. Uttarañcepi gaṅgāya tīraṃ gaccheyya dadanto dāpento, yajanto yajāpento, natthi tatonidānaṃ puññaṃ, natthi puññassa āgamo. Dānena damena saṃyamena saccavajjena natthi puññaṃ, natthi puññassa āgamo’ti. ‘Sace tassa bhoto satthuno saccaṃ vacanaṃ, apaṇṇakatāya mayhaṃ, yvāhaṃ na kiñci byābādhemi tasaṃ vā thāvaraṃ vā? Ubhayamettha kaṭaggāho, yaṃ camhi kāyena saṃvuto vācāya saṃvuto manasā saṃvuto, yañca kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjissāmī’ti . Tassa pāmojjaṃ jāyati. Pamuditassa pīti jāyati. Pītimanassa kāyo passambhati. Passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedayati. Sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Ayaṃ kho, gāmaṇi, dhammasamādhi tatra ce tvaṃ cittasamādhiṃ paṭilabheyyāsi, evaṃ tvaṃ imaṃ kaṅkhādhammaṃ pajaheyyāsi.
109那么,村长,这位圣弟子这样离开了贪欲、离开了嗔恚、不昏昧,正知、具念,以与慈俱行之心遍满一个方向而住,同样地第二个方向,同样地第三个方向,同样地第四个方向,如此,向上、向下、横向、遍一切处、于一切世界,以与慈俱行的广大、宏大、无量、无怨、无害之心遍满而住。他如此审察:'那位导师是这样说、这样见的:自己作、令他人作,自己砍杀、令他人砍杀,自己烧煮、令他人烧煮,自己使人忧愁、令他人使人忧愁,自己使人疲累、令他人使人疲累,自己使人颤抖、令他人使人颤抖,自己杀生、取不与取、破门入宅、掠夺财物、单独行窃、拦路抢劫、与他人妻通奸、说妄语,这样作的人是造作恶业的。即使有人用利刃轮盘将这地上的有情做成一个肉块、一个肉堆,也确因此而有什么恶,有恶的来临。即使他沿着恒河南岸去,杀害、屠杀、砍杀、令他人砍杀、烧煮、令他人烧煮,也确因此而有什么恶,有恶的来临。即使他沿着恒河北岸去,布施、令他人布施,供养、令他人供养,也确因此而有什么福,有福的来临。通过布施、调伏、自制、实语,有福,有福的来临。'(他心想:)'如果那位尊贵导师的话是真实的,那我也是稳妥的,因为我不伤害任何会动或不会动的有情。在这件事上,两方面我都赢了,即我在身业上防护、语业上防护、意业上防护,而且身坏命终之后我将投生到善趣、天界。'他因此生起欢喜。欢喜者生起喜悦。意喜悦者身体轻安。身体轻安者感受快乐。快乐者心得定。村长,这就是法之定。如果你在那里能获得心之定,这样你就能舍断这疑惑之法。
‘‘Sa kho so, gāmaṇi, ariyasāvako evaṃ vigatābhijjho vigatabyāpādo asammūḷho sampajāno paṭissato mettāsahagate cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ, iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yvāyaṃ satthā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – karoto kārayato, chindato chedāpayato, pacato pācāpayato, socayato socāpayato, kilamato kilamāpayato, phandato phandāpayato, pāṇamatipātayato, adinnaṃ ādiyato, sandhiṃ chindato, nillopaṃ harato, ekāgārikaṃ karoto, paripanthe tiṭṭhato, paradāraṃ gacchato, musā bhaṇato, karoto karīyati pāpaṃ. Khurapariyantena cepi cakkena yo imissā pathaviyā pāṇe ekaṃ maṃsakhalaṃ ekaṃ maṃsapuñjaṃ kareyya, atthi tatonidānaṃ pāpaṃ, atthi pāpassa āgamo. Dakkhiṇañcepi gaṅgāya tīraṃ gaccheyya hananto ghātento chindanto chedāpento pacanto pācāpento, atthi tatonidānaṃ pāpaṃ, atthi pāpassa āgamo. Uttarañcepi gaṅgāya tīraṃ gaccheyya dadanto dāpento, yajanto yajāpento, atthi tatonidānaṃ puññaṃ, atthi puññassa āgamo. Dānena damena saṃyamena saccavajjena atthi puññaṃ atthi puññassa āgamoti. Sace tassa bhoto satthuno saccaṃ vacanaṃ, apaṇṇakatāya mayhaṃ, yvāhaṃ na kiñci byābādhemi tasaṃ vā thāvaraṃ vā? Ubhayamettha kaṭaggāho, yaṃ camhi kāyena saṃvuto vācāya saṃvuto manasā saṃvuto, yañca kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjissāmī’ti. Tassa pāmojjaṃ jāyati. Pamuditassa pīti jāyati. Pītimanassa kāyo passambhati. Passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedayati. Sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Ayaṃ kho, gāmaṇi, dhammasamādhi. Tatra ce tvaṃ cittasamādhiṃ paṭilabheyyāsi, evaṃ tvaṃ imaṃ kaṅkhādhammaṃ pajaheyyāsi.
110那么,村长,这位圣弟子这样离开了贪欲、离开了嗔恚、不昏昧,正知、具念,以与悲俱行之心遍满一个方向而住……(中略)……以与喜俱行之心遍满一个方向而住……(中略)……
‘‘Sa kho so, gāmaṇi, ariyasāvako evaṃ vigatābhijjho vigatabyāpādo asammūḷho sampajāno paṭissato karuṇāsahagate cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati…pe… muditāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati…pe….
111村长,那位圣弟子就这样离贪、离嗔、清醒不迷,正知正念,以与舍俱的心遍满一个方向而住,同样遍满第二个方向,同样遍满第三个方向,同样遍满第四个方向。如此,上、下、横向,遍一切处、对一切如己,以与舍俱的心——广大、崇高、无量、无敌意、无怨恨——遍满整个世界而住。他这样反思:‘那位持这种见解、这样宣说的导师说:没有布施这回事,没有供养这回事,没有祭祀这回事,善行恶行没有果报,没有此世,没有他世,没有母亲,没有父亲,没有化生的众生,世上没有那些正确行道、正确实践的沙门和婆罗门能亲自证知此世与他世后宣说出来。如果那位尊贵导师的话是真实的,那对我来说就是稳当的,因为我从不伤害任何会动或不会动的众生。在这两方面我都肯定有把握:我以身语意防护,并且在身坏命终后,将投生到善趣、天界。’他生起喜悦;因喜悦而生欢喜;因心欢喜,身体轻安;身轻安就体验到乐;心有乐就入定。村长,这就叫法所成的三摩地。你若能在这里获得心三摩地,就能这样舍断那疑惑法。
‘‘Sa kho so, gāmaṇi, ariyasāvako evaṃ vigatābhijjho vigatabyāpādo asammūḷho sampajāno paṭissato upekkhāsahagate cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ, iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yvāyaṃ satthā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – natthi dinnaṃ, natthi yiṭṭhaṃ, natthi hutaṃ natthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko, natthi ayaṃ loko natthi paro loko, natthi mātā natthi pitā natthi sattā opapātikā, natthi loke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sammaggatā sammāpaṭipannā ye imañca lokaṃ parañca lokaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentīti. Sace tassa bhoto satthuno saccaṃ vacanaṃ, apaṇṇakatāya mayhaṃ, yvāhaṃ na kiñci byābādhemi tasaṃ vā thāvaraṃ vā? Ubhayamettha kaṭaggāho, yaṃ camhi kāyena saṃvuto vācāya saṃvuto manasā saṃvuto , yañca kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjissāmī’ti. Tassa pāmojjaṃ jāyati. Pamuditassa pīti jāyati. Pītimanassa kāyo passambhati. Passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedayati. Sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Ayaṃ kho, gāmaṇi, dhammasamādhi. Tatra ce tvaṃ cittasamādhiṃ paṭilabheyyāsi, evaṃ tvaṃ imaṃ kaṅkhādhammaṃ pajaheyyāsi.
112村长,那位圣弟子就这样离贪、离嗔、清醒不迷,正知正念,以与舍俱的心遍满一个方向而住,同样遍满第二个方向,同样遍满第三个方向,同样遍满第四个方向。如此,上、下、横向,遍一切处、对一切如己,以与舍俱的心——广大、崇高、无量、无敌意、无怨恨——遍满整个世界而住。他这样反思:‘那位持这种见解、这样宣说的导师说:有布施这回事,有供养这回事,有祭祀这回事,善行恶行有果报,有此世,有他世,有母亲,有父亲,有化生的众生,世上有那些正确行道、正确实践的沙门和婆罗门能亲自证知此世与他世后宣说出来。如果那位尊贵导师的话是真实的,那对我来说就是稳当的,因为我从不伤害任何会动或不会动的众生。在这两方面我都肯定有把握:我以身语意防护,并且在身坏命终后,将投生到善趣、天界。’他生起喜悦;因喜悦而生欢喜;因心欢喜,身体轻安;身轻安就体验到乐;心有乐就入定。村长,这就叫法所成的三摩地。你若能在这里获得心三摩地,就能这样舍断那疑惑法。
‘‘Sa kho so, gāmaṇi, ariyasāvako evaṃ vigatābhijjho vigatabyāpādo asammūḷho sampajāno paṭissato upekkhāsahagate cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ, iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yvāyaṃ satthā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – atthi dinnaṃ, atthi yiṭṭhaṃ, atthi hutaṃ, atthi sukatadukkaṭānaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ vipāko, atthi ayaṃ loko atthi paro loko, atthi mātā atthi pitā atthi sattā opapātikā, atthi loke samaṇabrāhmaṇā sammaggatā sammāpaṭipannā ye imañca lokaṃ parañca lokaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedentīti. Sace tassa bhoto satthuno saccaṃ vacanaṃ, apaṇṇakatāya mayhaṃ, yvāhaṃ na kiñci byābādhemi tasaṃ vā thāvaraṃ vā? Ubhayamettha kaṭaggāho, yaṃ camhi kāyena saṃvuto vācāya saṃvuto manasā saṃvuto, yañca kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjissāmī’ti. Tassa pāmojjaṃ jāyati. Pamuditassa pīti jāyati. Pītimanassa kāyo passambhati. Passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedayati. Sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Ayaṃ kho, gāmaṇi, dhammasamādhi. Tatra ce tvaṃ cittasamādhiṃ paṭilabheyyāsi, evaṃ tvaṃ imaṃ kaṅkhādhammaṃ pajaheyyāsi.
113村长,那位圣弟子就这样离贪、离嗔、清醒不迷,正知正念,以与舍俱的心遍满一个方向而住,同样遍满第二个方向,同样遍满第三个方向,同样遍满第四个方向。如此,上、下、横向,遍一切处、对一切如己,以与舍俱的心——广大、崇高、无量、无敌意、无怨恨——遍满整个世界而住。他这样反思:‘那位持这种见解、这样宣说的导师说:亲自做,令他人做,亲自砍,令他人砍,亲自折磨,令他人折磨,亲自使悲伤,令他人悲伤,亲自使疲累,令他人疲累,亲自使颤抖,令他人颤抖,杀生,不与取,破墙而入,抢劫,单户掠夺,拦路抢劫,与他人妻通奸,说妄语,这样做并没有造恶。即使用周边带刀刃的轮,把大地上一切有情剁成一堆肉、一垛肉,也不会因此而有恶,恶不会到来。就算沿着恒河南岸走,自己杀害、使人杀害,自己砍、使人砍,自己折磨、使人折磨,也不会有因此而来的恶,恶不会到来。就算沿着恒河北岸走,自己布施、使人布施,自己供养、使人供养,也不会有因此而来的福德,福德不会到来。布施、调伏、自制、说真实语,这些都没有福德,福德不会到来。’ ‘如果那位尊贵导师的话是真实的,那对我来说就是稳当的,因为我从不伤害任何会动或不会动的众生。在这两方面我都肯定有把握:我以身语意防护,并且在身坏命终后,将投生到善趣、天界。’他生起喜悦;因喜悦而生欢喜;因心欢喜,身体轻安;身轻安就体验到乐;心有乐就入定。村长,这就叫法所成的三摩地。你若能在这里获得心三摩地,就能这样舍断那疑惑法。
‘‘Sa kho so, gāmaṇi, ariyasāvako evaṃ vigatābhijjho vigatabyāpādo asammūḷho sampajāno paṭissato upekkhāsahagate cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ, iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yvāyaṃ satthā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – karoto kārayato, chedato chedāpayato, pacato pācāpayato, socayato socāpayato, kilamato kilamāpayato, phandato phandāpayato, pāṇamatipātayato, adinnaṃ ādiyato, sandhiṃ chindato, nillopaṃ harato, ekāgārikaṃ karoto, paripanthe tiṭṭhato, paradāraṃ gacchato, musā bhaṇato, karoto na karīyati pāpaṃ . Khurapariyantena cepi cakkena yo imissā pathaviyā pāṇe ekaṃ maṃsakhalaṃ ekaṃ maṃsapuñjaṃ kareyya, natthi tatonidānaṃ pāpaṃ, natthi pāpassa āgamo. Dakkhiṇañcepi gaṅgāya tīraṃ gaccheyya hananto ghātento chindanto chedāpento pacanto pācāpento, natthi tatonidānaṃ pāpaṃ, natthi pāpassa āgamo. Uttarañcepi gaṅgāya tīraṃ gaccheyya dadanto dāpento, yajanto yajāpento, natthi tatonidānaṃ puññaṃ, natthi puññassa āgamo. Dānena damena saṃyamena saccavajjena natthi puññaṃ, natthi puññassa āgamo’ti. ‘Sace tassa bhoto satthuno saccaṃ vacanaṃ, apaṇṇakatāya mayhaṃ, yvāhaṃ na kiñci byābādhemi tasaṃ vā thāvaraṃ vā? Ubhayamettha kaṭaggāho, yaṃ camhi kāyena saṃvuto vācāya saṃvuto manasā saṃvuto, yañca kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjissāmī’ti. Tassa pāmojjaṃ jāyati. Pamuditassa pīti jāyati. Pītimanassa kāyo passambhati. Passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedayati. Sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Ayaṃ kho, gāmaṇi, dhammasamādhi. Tatra ce tvaṃ cittasamādhiṃ paṭilabheyyāsi, evaṃ tvaṃ imaṃ kaṅkhādhammaṃ pajaheyyāsi.
114村长,那位圣弟子就这样离贪、离嗔、清醒不迷,正知正念,以与舍俱的心遍满一个方向而住,同样遍满第二个方向,同样遍满第三个方向,同样遍满第四个方向。如此,上、下、横向,遍一切处、对一切如己,以与舍俱的心——广大、崇高、无量、无敌意、无怨恨——遍满整个世界而住。他这样反思:‘那位持这种见解、这样宣说的导师说:亲自做,令他人做,亲自砍,令他人砍,亲自折磨,令他人折磨,亲自使悲伤,令他人悲伤,亲自使疲累,令他人疲累,亲自使颤抖,令他人颤抖,杀生,不与取,破墙而入,抢劫,单户掠夺,拦路抢劫,与他人妻通奸,说妄语,这样做是造恶的。即使用周边带刀刃的轮,把大地上一切有情剁成一堆肉、一垛肉,也会因此而有恶,恶会到来。就算沿着恒河南岸走,自己杀害、使人杀害,自己砍、使人砍,自己折磨、使人折磨,会有因此而来的恶,恶会到来。就算沿着恒河北岸走,自己布施、使人布施,自己供养、使人供养,会有因此而来的福德,福德会到来。布施、调伏、自制、说真实语,这些都有福德,福德会到来。’ ‘如果那位尊贵导师的话是真实的,那对我来说就是稳当的,因为我从不伤害任何会动或不会动的众生。在这两方面我都肯定有把握:我以身语意防护,并且在身坏命终后,将投生到善趣、天界。’他生起喜悦;因喜悦而生欢喜;因心欢喜,身体轻安;身轻安就体验到乐;心有乐就入定。村长,这就叫法所成的三摩地。你若能在这里获得心三摩地,就能这样舍断那疑惑法。
‘‘Sa kho so, gāmaṇi, ariyasāvako evaṃ vigatābhijjho vigatabyāpādo asammūḷho sampajāno paṭissato upekkhāsahagate cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ, iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. So iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘yvāyaṃ satthā evaṃvādī evaṃdiṭṭhi – karoto kārayato, chindato chedāpayato, pacato pācāpayato, socayato socāpayato, kilamato kilamāpayato, phandato phandāpayato, pāṇamatipātayato, adinnaṃ ādiyato, sandhiṃ chindato, nillopaṃ harato, ekāgārikaṃ karoto, paripanthe tiṭṭhato, paradāraṃ gacchato, musā bhaṇato, karoto karīyati pāpaṃ. Khurapariyantena cepi cakkena yo imissā pathaviyā pāṇe ekaṃ maṃsakhalaṃ ekaṃ maṃsapuñjaṃ kareyya, atthi tatonidānaṃ pāpaṃ, atthi pāpassa āgamo. Dakkhiṇañcepi gaṅgāya tīraṃ gaccheyya hananto ghātento chindanto chedāpento pacanto pācāpento, atthi tatonidānaṃ pāpaṃ, atthi pāpassa āgamo. Uttarañcepi gaṅgāya tīraṃ gaccheyya dadanto dāpento, yajanto yajāpento, atthi tatonidānaṃ puññaṃ, atthi puññassa āgamo. Dānena damena saṃyamena saccavajjena atthi puññaṃ, atthi puññassa āgamo’ti. ‘Sace tassa bhoto satthuno saccaṃ vacanaṃ, apaṇṇakatāya mayhaṃ, yvāhaṃ na kiñci byābādhemi tasaṃ vā thāvaraṃ vā? Ubhayamettha kaṭaggāho, yaṃ camhi kāyena saṃvuto vācāya saṃvuto manasā saṃvuto, yañca kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjissāmī’ti. Tassa pāmojjaṃ jāyati. Pamuditassa pīti jāyati. Pītimanassa kāyo passambhati. Passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedayati. Sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Ayaṃ kho, gāmaṇi, dhammasamādhi. Tatra ce tvaṃ cittasamādhiṃ paṭilabheyyāsi, evaṃ tvaṃ imaṃ kaṅkhādhammaṃ pajaheyyāsī’’ti.
115这样说后,巴答离亚村长对世尊这样说:“太殊胜了,尊者!太殊胜了,尊者!……从今天起,我终生归依。”第十三经。
Evaṃ vutte, pāṭaliyo gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante, abhikkantaṃ, bhante…pe… ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Terasamaṃ.
116以下是摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
117村长相应完
Gāmaṇisaṃyuttaṃ samattaṃ.
118其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
119旃陀、答喇布答、战士、象兵、阿西班达咖子;
Caṇḍo puṭo yodhājīvo, hatthasso asibandhako;
120教导、桑迦库喇、玛尼朱喇咖、跋德拉咖、拉西亚、巴答离亚。
Desanā saṅkhakulaṃ maṇicūḷaṃ, bhadrarāsiyapāṭalīti.