SN 35 · 1. 六处相应
1六处品
Saḷāyatanavaggo
21. 六处相应
1. Saḷāyatanasaṃyuttaṃ
31. 无常品
1. Aniccavaggo
41. 内无常经
1. Ajjhattāniccasuttaṃ
1如是我闻:有一次,世尊住在沙瓦提城的揭德林给孤独园。那时,世尊招呼诸比丘说:“诸比丘。”那些比丘回应世尊说:“尊者。”世尊这样说道:
Evaṃ me sutaṃ. Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
6“诸比丘,眼是无常的。凡是无常的,那就是苦;凡是苦的,那就是无我。凡是无我的,就应该以正慧如实这样看见:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’耳是无常的。凡是无常的……鼻是无常的。凡是无常的……舌是无常的。凡是无常的,那就是苦;凡是苦的,那就是无我。凡是无我的,就应该以正慧如实这样看见:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’身是无常的。凡是无常的……意是无常的。凡是无常的,那就是苦;凡是苦的,那就是无我。凡是无我的,就应该以正慧如实这样看见:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样看的时候,对眼也厌离,对耳也厌离,对鼻也厌离,对舌也厌离,对身也厌离,对意也厌离。厌离了,就离贪;因为离贪,就解脱;解脱的时候,就有了‘解脱了’的智。他了知:‘生已灭尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有这以后的状态。’”第一经。
‘‘Cakkhuṃ , bhikkhave, aniccaṃ. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ; yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā. Yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sotaṃ aniccaṃ. Yadaniccaṃ…pe… ghānaṃ aniccaṃ. Yadaniccaṃ…pe… jivhā aniccā. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ; yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā. Yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Kāyo anicco. Yadaniccaṃ…pe… mano anicco. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ; yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā. Yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati, sotasmimpi nibbindati, ghānasmimpi nibbindati, jivhāyapi nibbindati, kāyasmimpi nibbindati , manasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
72. 内苦经
2. Ajjhattadukkhasuttaṃ
2“诸比丘,眼是苦。凡是苦的,那就是无我;凡是无我的,就应该以正慧如实这样看见:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’耳是苦……鼻是苦……舌是苦……身是苦……意是苦。凡是苦的,那就是无我;凡是无我的,就应该以正慧如实这样看见:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’这样看的时候……他了知:‘……不再有这以后的状态。’”第二经。
‘‘Cakkhuṃ, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā; yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sotaṃ dukkhaṃ…pe… ghānaṃ dukkhaṃ… jivhā dukkhā… kāyo dukkho… mano dukkho. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā; yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
93. 内无我经
3. Ajjhattānattasuttaṃ
3“诸比丘,眼是无我。凡是无我的,就应该以正慧如实这样看见:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’耳是无我……鼻是无我……舌是无我……身是无我……意是无我。凡是无我的,就应该以正慧如实这样看见:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’这样看的时候……他了知:‘……不再有这以后的状态。’”第三经。
‘‘Cakkhuṃ, bhikkhave, anattā. Yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Sotaṃ anattā…pe… ghānaṃ anattā… jivhā anattā… kāyo anattā… mano anattā. Yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
114. 外无常经
4. Bāhirāniccasuttaṃ
4“诸比丘,色是无常的。凡是无常的,那就是苦;凡是苦的,那就是无我。凡是无我的,就应该以正慧如实这样看见:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’声……香……味……触……法是无常的。凡是无常的,那就是苦;凡是苦的,那就是无我。凡是无我的,就应该以正慧如实这样看见:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样看的时候,对色也厌离,对声也厌离,对香也厌离,对味也厌离,对触也厌离,对法也厌离。厌离了,就离贪;因为离贪,就解脱;解脱的时候,就有了‘解脱了’的智。他了知:‘生已灭尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有这以后的状态。’”第四经。
‘‘Rūpā , bhikkhave, aniccā. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ; yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā. Yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi , na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā aniccā. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ; yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā. Yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako rūpesupi nibbindati, saddesupi nibbindati, gandhesupi nibbindati, rasesupi nibbindati, phoṭṭhabbesupi nibbindati, dhammesupi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
135. 外苦经
5. Bāhiradukkhasuttaṃ
5“诸比丘,色是苦的。凡是苦的,那就是无我。凡是无我的,就应该用正智如实地看待它:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’声音……气味……味道……触觉……法都是苦的。凡是苦的,那就是无我。凡是无我的,就应该用正智如实地看待它:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’这样看待的人……(就能)了知:‘不再有未来的存有了。’”第五经。
‘‘Rūpā , bhikkhave, dukkhā. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā; yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā dukkhā. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā. Yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
156. 外无我经
6. Bāhirānattasuttaṃ
6“诸比丘,色是无我的。凡是无我的,就应该用正智如实地看待它:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’声音……气味……味道……触觉……法都是无我的。凡是无我的,就应该用正智如实地看待它:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’这样看待的人……(就能)了知:‘不再有未来的存有了。’”第六经。
‘‘Rūpā, bhikkhave, anattā. Yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā anattā. Yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
177. 内无常过去未来经
7. Ajjhattāniccātītānāgatasuttaṃ
7“诸比丘,眼在过去和未来都是无常的,更不用说现在的了!诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样看待,对于过去的眼,就不再有牵挂;对于未来的眼,他不再期盼;对于现在的眼,他致力于厌离它、离欲它、让它灭尽。耳是无常的……鼻是无常的……舌在过去和未来是无常的,更不用说现在的了!诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样看待,对于过去的舌,就不再有牵挂;对于未来的舌,他不再期盼;对于现在的舌,他致力于厌离它、离欲它、让它灭尽。身是无常的……意在过去和未来是无常的,更不用说现在的了!诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样看待,对于过去的意,就不再有牵挂;对于未来的意,他不再期盼;对于现在的意,他致力于厌离它、离欲它、让它灭尽。”第七经。
‘‘Cakkhuṃ , bhikkhave, aniccaṃ atītānāgataṃ; ko pana vādo paccuppannassa! Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako atītasmiṃ cakkhusmiṃ anapekkho hoti; anāgataṃ cakkhuṃ nābhinandati; paccuppannassa cakkhussa nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti. Sotaṃ aniccaṃ… ghānaṃ aniccaṃ… jivhā aniccā atītānāgatā; ko pana vādo paccuppannāya! Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako atītāya jivhāya anapekkho hoti; anāgataṃ jivhaṃ nābhinandati; paccuppannāya jivhāya nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti. Kāyo anicco…pe… mano anicco atītānāgato; ko pana vādo paccuppannassa! Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako atītasmiṃ manasmiṃ anapekkho hoti; anāgataṃ manaṃ nābhinandati; paccuppannassa manassa nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hotī’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
198. 内苦过去未来经
8. Ajjhattadukkhātītānāgatasuttaṃ
8“诸比丘,眼在过去和未来是苦的,更不用说现在的了!诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样看待,对于过去的眼,就不再有牵挂;对于未来的眼,他不再期盼;对于现在的眼,他致力于厌离它、离欲它、让它灭尽。耳是苦的……鼻是苦的……舌在过去和未来是苦的,更不用说现在的了!诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样看待,对于过去的舌,就不再有牵挂;对于未来的舌,他不再期盼;对于现在的舌,他致力于厌离它、离欲它、让它灭尽。身是苦的……意在过去和未来是苦的,更不用说现在的了!诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样看待,对于过去的意,就不再有牵挂;对于未来的意,他不再期盼;对于现在的意,他致力于厌离它、离欲它、让它灭尽。”第八经。
‘‘Cakkhuṃ , bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ atītānāgataṃ; ko pana vādo paccuppannassa! Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako atītasmiṃ cakkhusmiṃ anapekkho hoti; anāgataṃ cakkhuṃ nābhinandati; paccuppannassa cakkhussa nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti. Sotaṃ dukkhaṃ…pe… ghānaṃ dukkhaṃ…pe… jivhā dukkhā atītānāgatā; ko pana vādo paccuppannāya! Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako atītāya jivhāya anapekkho hoti; anāgataṃ jivhaṃ nābhinandati; paccuppannāya jivhāya nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti. Kāyo dukkho…pe… mano dukkho atītānāgato; ko pana vādo paccuppannassa! Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako atītasmiṃ manasmiṃ anapekkho hoti; anāgataṃ manaṃ nābhinandati; paccuppannassa manassa nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hotī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
219. 内无我过去未来经
9. Ajjhattānattātītānāgatasuttaṃ
9“诸比丘,眼在过去和未来是无我的,更不用说现在的了!诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样看待,对于过去的眼,就不再有牵挂;对于未来的眼,他不再期盼;对于现在的眼,他致力于厌离它、离欲它、让它灭尽。耳是无我的……鼻是无我的……舌在过去和未来是无我的,更不用说现在的了!诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样看待,对于过去的舌,就不再有牵挂;对于未来的舌,他不再期盼;对于现在的舌,他致力于厌离它、离欲它、让它灭尽。身是无我的……意在过去和未来是无我的,更不用说现在的了!诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样看待,对于过去的意,就不再有牵挂;对于未来的意,他不再期盼;对于现在的意,他致力于厌离它、离欲它、让它灭尽。”第九经。
‘‘Cakkhuṃ , bhikkhave, anattā atītānāgataṃ; ko pana vādo paccuppannassa! Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako atītasmiṃ cakkhusmiṃ anapekkho hoti; anāgataṃ cakkhuṃ nābhinandati; paccuppannassa cakkhussa nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti. Sotaṃ anattā…pe… ghānaṃ anattā…pe… jivhā anattā atītānāgatā; ko pana vādo paccuppannāya! Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako atītāya jivhāya anapekkho hoti; anāgataṃ jivhaṃ nābhinandati; paccuppannāya jivhāya nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti. Kāyo anattā…pe… mano anattā atītānāgato; ko pana vādo paccuppannassa! Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako atītasmiṃ manasmiṃ anapekkho hoti; anāgataṃ manaṃ nābhinandati; paccuppannassa manassa nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hotī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
2310. 外无常过去未来经
10. Bāhirāniccātītānāgatasuttaṃ
10“诸比丘,色在过去和未来是无常的,更不用说现在的了!诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样看待,对于过去的色,就不再有牵挂;对于未来的色,他不再期盼;对于现在的色,他致力于厌离它们、离欲它们、让它们灭尽。声音……气味……味道……触觉……法在过去和未来是无常的,更不用说现在的了!诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样看待,对于过去的法,就不再有牵挂;对于未来的法,他不再期盼;对于现在的法,他致力于厌离它们、离欲它们、让它们灭尽。”第十经。
‘‘Rūpā , bhikkhave, aniccā atītānāgatā; ko pana vādo paccuppannānaṃ! Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako atītesu rūpesu anapekkho hoti; anāgate rūpe nābhinandati; paccuppannānaṃ rūpānaṃ nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti. Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā aniccā atītānāgatā; ko pana vādo paccuppannānaṃ! Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako atītesu dhammesu anapekkho hoti; anāgate dhamme nābhinandati; paccuppannānaṃ dhammānaṃ nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hotī’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
25“是无常的,大德。”……(对耳、鼻、舌、身、意,也是如此说。)
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’…pe….
2611. 外苦过去未来经
11. Bāhiradukkhātītānāgatasuttaṃ
11“诸比丘,过去的色、未来的色是苦的,何况现在的色呢!诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样观察后,对于过去的色不再盼望;对于未来的色不欢喜;对于现在的色,则为了厌离、离贪、灭尽而修习。”……(中略)……第十一经。
‘‘Rūpā, bhikkhave, dukkhā atītānāgatā; ko pana vādo paccuppannānaṃ! Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako atītesu rūpesu anapekkho hoti; anāgate rūpe nābhinandati ; paccuppannānaṃ rūpānaṃ nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hotī’’ti…pe. …. Ekādasamaṃ.
2812. 外无我过去未来经
12. Bāhirānattātītānāgatasuttaṃ
12“诸比丘,过去的色、未来的色是无我的,何况现在的色呢!诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样观察后,对于过去的色不再盼望;对于未来的色不欢喜;对于现在的色,则为了厌离、离贪、灭尽而修习。声……香……味……触……过去的法、未来的法是无我的,何况现在的法呢!诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样观察后,对于过去的法不再盼望;对于未来的法不欢喜;对于现在的法,则为了厌离、离贪、灭尽而修习。”第十二经。
‘‘Rūpā, bhikkhave, anattā atītānāgatā; ko pana vādo paccuppannānaṃ! Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako atītesu rūpesu anapekkho hoti; anāgate rūpe nābhinandati; paccuppannānaṃ rūpānaṃ nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti. Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā anattā atītānāgatā; ko pana vādo paccuppannānaṃ! Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave , sutavā ariyasāvako atītesu dhammesu anapekkho hoti; anāgate dhamme nābhinandati; paccuppannānaṃ dhammānaṃ nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hotī’’ti. Dvādasamaṃ.
30其摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
31无常品第一
Aniccavaggo paṭhamo.
32其摄颂──
Tassuddānaṃ –
33无常、苦与无我,三个内、三个外;
Aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā ca, tayo ajjhattabāhirā;
34以无常为缘而说的有三种,它们都分为内与外。
Yadaniccena tayo vuttā, te te ajjhattabāhirāti.
35第二品 双品
2. Yamakavaggo
36“尊者,是无常的。”……(省略重复内容)。
‘‘Aniccā, bhante’’…pe….
372. 双品
2. Yamakavaggo
381. 第一正觉前经
1. Paṭhamapubbesambodhasuttaṃ
13在沙瓦提城。诸比丘,在我还没有觉悟,还是菩萨的时候,我心里生起了这个念头:‘眼,它有什么味?有什么患?什么是它的出离?耳,它有什么味……鼻……舌……身……意,它有什么味?有什么患?什么是它的出离?’诸比丘,那时我心里这样思惟:‘依靠眼而生起的快乐和喜悦,这就是眼的味。眼是无常的、是苦的、是会变易的法,这就是眼的患。对于眼,调伏和舍断欲贪,这就是眼的出离。依靠耳……鼻……依靠舌而生起的快乐和喜悦,这就是舌的味。舌是无常的、是苦的、是会变易的法,这就是舌的患。对于舌,调伏和舍断欲贪,这就是舌的出离。依靠身……依靠意而生起的快乐和喜悦,这就是意的味。意是无常的、是苦的、是会变易的法,这就是意的患。对于意,调伏和舍断欲贪,这就是意的出离。’
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . ‘‘Pubbeva me, bhikkhave, sambodhā anabhisambuddhassa bodhisattasseva sato etadahosi – ‘ko nu kho cakkhussa assādo, ko ādīnavo, kiṃ nissaraṇaṃ? Ko sotassa…pe… ko ghānassa… ko jivhāya… ko kāyassa… ko manassa assādo, ko ādīnavo, kiṃ nissaraṇa’nti? Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, etadahosi – ‘yaṃ kho cakkhuṃ paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ, ayaṃ cakkhussa assādo. Yaṃ cakkhuṃ aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, ayaṃ cakkhussa ādīnavo. Yo cakkhusmiṃ chandarāgavinayo chandarāgappahānaṃ, idaṃ cakkhussa nissaraṇaṃ. Yaṃ sotaṃ…pe… yaṃ ghānaṃ…pe… yaṃ jivhaṃ paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ, ayaṃ jivhāya assādo. Yaṃ jivhā aniccā dukkhā vipariṇāmadhammā, ayaṃ jivhāya ādīnavo. Yo jivhāya chandarāgavinayo chandarāgappahānaṃ, idaṃ jivhāya nissaraṇaṃ. Yaṃ kāyaṃ…pe… yaṃ manaṃ paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ, ayaṃ manassa assādo. Yaṃ mano anicco dukkho vipariṇāmadhammo, ayaṃ manassa ādīnavo. Yo manasmiṃ chandarāgavinayo chandarāgappahānaṃ, idaṃ manassa nissaraṇa’’’nti.
40诸比丘,只要我对于这内六处,没有像这样如实地去知见——把味当作味、把患当作患、把出离当作出离,那么,诸比丘,我便没有在这有天神、有魔罗、有梵天的世界中,在这有沙门、婆罗门、天神、人类的人群里,宣称自己‘已经证得无上正等觉’。但是,诸比丘,当我对于这内六处,能够像这样如实地去知见——把味当作味、把患当作患、把出离当作出离,那时,诸比丘,我便在这有天神、有魔罗、有梵天的世界中,在这有沙门、婆罗门、天神、人类的人群里,宣称自己‘已经证得无上正等觉’。而且,我生起了这样的智与见:‘我的解脱不可动摇,这是我的最后一生,从此不再有后有。’第一经。
‘‘Yāvakīvañcāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imesaṃ channaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ evaṃ assādañca assādato, ādīnavañca ādīnavato, nissaraṇañca nissaraṇato yathābhūtaṃ nābbhaññāsiṃ, neva tāvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya ‘anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho’ti paccaññāsiṃ. Yato ca khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imesaṃ channaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ evaṃ assādañca assādato, ādīnavañca ādīnavato, nissaraṇañca nissaraṇato yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, athāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya ‘anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho’ti paccaññāsiṃ. Ñāṇañca pana me dassanaṃ udapādi – ‘akuppā me vimutti , ayamantimā jāti, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
412. 第二正觉前经
2. Dutiyapubbesambodhasuttaṃ
14诸比丘,在我还没有觉悟,还是菩萨的时候,我心里生起了这个念头:‘色,它们有什么味?有什么患?什么是它们的出离?声……香……味……触……法,它们有什么味?有什么患?什么是它们的出离?’诸比丘,那时我心里这样思惟:‘依靠色而生起的快乐和喜悦,这就是色的味。色是无常的、是苦的、是会变易的法,这就是色的患。对于色,调伏和舍断欲贪,这就是色的出离。依靠声……香……味……触……依靠法而生起的快乐和喜悦,这就是法的味。法是无常的、是苦的、是会变易的法,这就是法的患。对于法,调伏和舍断欲贪,这就是法的出离。’
‘‘Pubbeva me, bhikkhave, sambodhā anabhisambuddhassa bodhisattasseva sato etadahosi – ‘ko nu kho rūpānaṃ assādo, ko ādīnavo, kiṃ nissaraṇaṃ? Ko saddānaṃ…pe… ko gandhānaṃ… ko rasānaṃ… ko phoṭṭhabbānaṃ… ko dhammānaṃ assādo, ko ādīnavo, kiṃ nissaraṇa’nti? Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, etadahosi – ‘yaṃ kho rūpe paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ, ayaṃ rūpānaṃ assādo. Yaṃ rūpā aniccā dukkhā vipariṇāmadhammā, ayaṃ rūpānaṃ ādīnavo. Yo rūpesu chandarāgavinayo chandarāgappahānaṃ, idaṃ rūpānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ. Yaṃ sadde… gandhe… rase… phoṭṭhabbe… yaṃ dhamme paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ, ayaṃ dhammānaṃ assādo. Yaṃ dhammā aniccā dukkhā vipariṇāmadhammā , ayaṃ dhammānaṃ ādīnavo. Yo dhammesu chandarāgavinayo chandarāgappahānaṃ, idaṃ dhammānaṃ nissaraṇa’’’nti.
43诸比丘,只要我尚未如实了知这六个外处的味是味、患是患、出离是出离……我就……了知了。而且,我生起了这样的知见:'我的解脱是不可动摇的,这是最后一生,现在不会再有了。' 第四经。
‘‘Yāvakīvañcāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imesaṃ channaṃ bāhirānaṃ āyatanānaṃ assādañca assādato, ādīnavañca ādīnavato, nissaraṇañca nissaraṇato yathābhūtaṃ nābbhaññāsiṃ…pe… paccaññāsiṃ. Ñāṇañca pana me dassanaṃ udapādi – ‘akuppā me vimutti, ayamantimā jāti, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
443. 第一味寻求经
3. Paṭhamaassādapariyesanasuttaṃ
15诸比丘,我出发去寻找眼的味。我找到了什么是眼的味。以智慧,我清楚地看见了眼的味所及的范围。诸比丘,我出发去寻找眼的患。我找到了什么是眼的患。以智慧,我清楚地看见了眼的患所及的范围。诸比丘,我出发去寻找眼的出离。我找到了什么是眼的出离。以智慧,我清楚地看见了眼的出离所及的范围。诸比丘,我出发去寻找耳的……诸比丘,我出发去寻找鼻的……诸比丘,我出发去寻找舌的味。我找到了什么是舌的味。以智慧,我清楚地看见了舌的味所及的范围。诸比丘,我出发去寻找舌的患。我找到了什么是舌的患。以智慧,我清楚地看见了舌的患所及的范围。诸比丘,我出发去寻找舌的出离。我找到了什么是舌的出离。以智慧,我清楚地看见了舌的出离所及的范围。诸比丘,我出发去寻找意的味。我找到了什么是意的味。以智慧,我清楚地看见了意的味所及的范围。诸比丘,我出发去寻找意的患。我找到了什么是意的患。以智慧,我清楚地看见了意的患所及的范围。诸比丘,我出发去寻找意的出离。我找到了什么是意的出离。以智慧,我清楚地看见了意的出离所及的范围。
‘‘Cakkhussāhaṃ, bhikkhave, assādapariyesanaṃ acariṃ. Yo cakkhussa assādo tadajjhagamaṃ. Yāvatā cakkhussa assādo paññāya me so sudiṭṭho. Cakkhussāhaṃ, bhikkhave , ādīnavapariyesanaṃ acariṃ. Yo cakkhussa ādīnavo tadajjhagamaṃ. Yāvatā cakkhussa ādīnavo paññāya me so sudiṭṭho. Cakkhussāhaṃ, bhikkhave, nissaraṇapariyesanaṃ acariṃ. Yaṃ cakkhussa nissaraṇaṃ tadajjhagamaṃ. Yāvatā cakkhussa nissaraṇaṃ , paññāya me taṃ sudiṭṭhaṃ. Sotassāhaṃ , bhikkhave… ghānassāhaṃ, bhikkhave… jivhāyāhaṃ bhikkhave, assādapariyesanaṃ acariṃ. Yo jivhāya assādo tadajjhagamaṃ. Yāvatā jivhāya assādo paññāya me so sudiṭṭho. Jivhāyāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ādīnavapariyesanaṃ acariṃ. Yo jivhāya ādīnavo tadajjhagamaṃ. Yāvatā jivhāya ādīnavo paññāya me so sudiṭṭho. Jivhāyāhaṃ, bhikkhave, nissaraṇapariyesanaṃ acariṃ. Yaṃ jivhāya nissaraṇaṃ tadajjhagamaṃ. Yāvatā jivhāya nissaraṇaṃ, paññāya me taṃ sudiṭṭhaṃ. Manassāhaṃ, bhikkhave, assādapariyesanaṃ acariṃ. Yo manassa assādo tadajjhagamaṃ. Yāvatā manassa assādo paññāya me so sudiṭṭho. Manassāhaṃ, bhikkhave , ādīnavapariyesanaṃ acariṃ. Yo manassa ādīnavo tadajjhagamaṃ. Yāvatā manassa ādīnavo paññāya me so sudiṭṭho. Manassāhaṃ, bhikkhave, nissaraṇapariyesanaṃ acariṃ. Yaṃ manassa nissaraṇaṃ tadajjhagamaṃ. Yāvatā manassa nissaraṇaṃ, paññāya me taṃ sudiṭṭhaṃ.
46诸比丘,只要我对于这内六处,没有如实地去知见——把味当作味、把患当作患、把出离当作出离……(中略)……我便宣称自己‘已经证得无上正等觉’。而且,我生起了这样的智与见:‘我的解脱不可动摇,这是我的最后一生,从此不再有后有。’第三经。
‘‘Yāvakīvañcāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imesaṃ channaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ assādañca assādato, ādīnavañca ādīnavato, nissaraṇañca nissaraṇato yathābhūtaṃ nābbhaññāsiṃ…pe… paccaññāsiṃ. Ñāṇañca pana me dassanaṃ udapādi – ‘akuppā me vimutti, ayamantimā jāti, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
474. 第二味寻求经
4. Dutiyaassādapariyesanasuttaṃ
16诸比丘,我去探寻色的味。我体验到了色有什么味。色有什么味,我以智慧已彻底看清。诸比丘,我去探寻色的患。我体验到了色有什么患。色有什么患,我以智慧已彻底看清。诸比丘,我去探寻色的出离。我体验到了色有什么出离。色有什么出离,我以智慧已彻底看清。诸比丘,我去探寻声的味……诸比丘,我去探寻香的味……诸比丘,我去探寻味的味……诸比丘,我去探寻触的味……诸比丘,我去探寻法的味。我体验到了法有什么味。法有什么味,我以智慧已彻底看清。诸比丘,我去探寻法的患。我体验到了法有什么患。法有什么患,我以智慧已彻底看清。诸比丘,我去探寻法的出离。我体验到了法有什么出离。法有什么出离,我以智慧已彻底看清。
‘‘Rūpānāhaṃ, bhikkhave, assādapariyesanaṃ acariṃ. Yo rūpānaṃ assādo tadajjhagamaṃ. Yāvatā rūpānaṃ assādo paññāya me so sudiṭṭho. Rūpānāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ādīnavapariyesanaṃ acariṃ. Yo rūpānaṃ ādīnavo tadajjhagamaṃ. Yāvatā rūpānaṃ ādīnavo paññāya me so sudiṭṭho. Rūpānāhaṃ, bhikkhave, nissaraṇapariyesanaṃ acariṃ. Yaṃ rūpānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ tadajjhagamaṃ. Yāvatā rūpānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ, paññāya me taṃ sudiṭṭhaṃ. Saddānāhaṃ, bhikkhave… gandhānāhaṃ, bhikkhave… rasānāhaṃ, bhikkhave… phoṭṭhabbānāhaṃ, bhikkhave… dhammānāhaṃ, bhikkhave, assādapariyesanaṃ acariṃ. Yo dhammānaṃ assādo tadajjhagamaṃ. Yāvatā dhammānaṃ assādo paññāya me so sudiṭṭho. Dhammānāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ādīnavapariyesanaṃ acariṃ. Yo dhammānaṃ ādīnavo tadajjhagamaṃ. Yāvatā dhammānaṃ ādīnavo paññāya me so sudiṭṭho. Dhammānāhaṃ, bhikkhave, nissaraṇapariyesanaṃ acariṃ. Yaṃ dhammānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ tadajjhagamaṃ. Yāvatā dhammānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ, paññāya me taṃ sudiṭṭhaṃ.
49诸比丘,只要我对于这外六处,没有像这样如实地去知见——把味当作味、把患当作患、把出离当作出离,那么,诸比丘,我便没有在这有天神、有魔罗、有梵天的世界中,在这有沙门、婆罗门、天神、人类的人群里,宣称自己‘已经证得无上正等觉’。但是,诸比丘,当我对于这外六处,能够像这样如实地去知见——把味当作味、把患当作患、把出离当作出离,那时,诸比丘,我便在这有天神、有魔罗、有梵天的世界中,在这有沙门、婆罗门、天神、人类的人群里,宣称自己‘已经证得无上正等觉’。而且,我生起了这样的智与见:‘我的解脱不可动摇,这是我的最后一生,从此不再有后有。’第二经。
‘‘Yāvakīvañcāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imesaṃ channaṃ bāhirānaṃ āyatanānaṃ evaṃ assādañca assādato, ādīnavañca ādīnavato, nissaraṇañca nissaraṇato yathābhūtaṃ nābbhaññāsiṃ, neva tāvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya ‘anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho’ti paccaññāsiṃ. Yato ca khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imesaṃ channaṃ bāhirānaṃ āyatanānaṃ evaṃ assādañca assādato, ādīnavañca ādīnavato, nissaraṇañca nissaraṇato yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, athāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya ‘anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambuddho’ti paccaññāsiṃ. Ñāṇañca pana me dassanaṃ udapādi – ‘akuppā me vimutti, ayamantimā jāti, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
505. 第一若无味经
5. Paṭhamanoceassādasuttaṃ
17诸比丘,假如眼不存在味,众生就不会对眼贪染。但正因为眼有它的味,众生才对眼贪染。诸比丘,假如眼不存在患,众生就不会对眼厌离。但正因为眼有它的患,众生才对眼厌离。诸比丘,假如眼不存在出离,众生就不会从眼出离。但正因为眼有它的出离,众生才从眼出离。诸比丘,假如耳不存在味……诸比丘,假如鼻不存在味……诸比丘,假如舌不存在味,众生就不会对舌贪染。但正因为舌有它的味,众生才对舌贪染。诸比丘,假如舌不存在患,众生就不会对舌厌离。但正因为舌有它的患,众生才对舌厌离。诸比丘,假如舌不存在出离,众生就不会从舌出离。但正因为舌有它的出离,众生才从舌出离。诸比丘,假如身不存在味……诸比丘,假如意不存在味,众生就不会对意贪染。但正因为意有它的味,众生才对意贪染。诸比丘,假如意不存在患,众生就不会对意厌离。但正因为意有它的患,众生才对意厌离。诸比丘,假如意不存在出离,众生就不会从意出离。但正因为意有它的出离,众生才从意出离。
‘‘No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, cakkhussa assādo abhavissa, nayidaṃ sattā cakkhusmiṃ sārajjeyyuṃ. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi cakkhussa assādo tasmā sattā cakkhusmiṃ sārajjanti. No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, cakkhussa ādīnavo abhavissa, nayidaṃ sattā cakkhusmiṃ nibbindeyyuṃ. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi cakkhussa ādīnavo tasmā sattā cakkhusmiṃ nibbindanti. No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, cakkhussa nissaraṇaṃ abhavissa, nayidaṃ sattā cakkhusmā nissareyyuṃ. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi cakkhussa nissaraṇaṃ tasmā sattā cakkhusmā nissaranti. No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, sotassa assādo abhavissa… no cedaṃ, bhikkhave, ghānassa assādo abhavissa… no cedaṃ, bhikkhave, jivhāya assādo abhavissa, nayidaṃ sattā jivhāya sārajjeyyuṃ. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi jivhāya assādo, tasmā sattā jivhāya sārajjanti. No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, jivhāya ādīnavo abhavissa, nayidaṃ sattā jivhāya nibbindeyyuṃ. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi jivhāya ādīnavo, tasmā sattā jivhāya nibbindanti. No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, jivhāya nissaraṇaṃ abhavissa, nayidaṃ sattā jivhāya nissareyyuṃ. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi jivhāya nissaraṇaṃ, tasmā sattā jivhāya nissaranti. No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, kāyassa assādo abhavissa… no cedaṃ, bhikkhave, manassa assādo abhavissa, nayidaṃ sattā manasmiṃ sārajjeyyuṃ. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi manassa assādo, tasmā sattā manasmiṃ sārajjanti. No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, manassa ādīnavo abhavissa, nayidaṃ sattā manasmiṃ nibbindeyyuṃ . Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi manassa ādīnavo, tasmā sattā manasmiṃ nibbindanti. No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, manassa nissaraṇaṃ abhavissa, nayidaṃ sattā manasmā nissareyyuṃ. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi manassa nissaraṇaṃ, tasmā sattā manasmā nissaranti.
52诸比丘,只要众生尚未如实了知这六个内处的味是味、患是患、出离是出离,那么,诸比丘,这些众生——包括天、魔、梵天的世界,以及沙门、婆罗门、天人众——就还没有从中脱离、解开、释放,心还没有不受限制地安住。然而,诸比丘,一旦众生如实了知了这六个内处的味是味、患是患、出离是出离,那时,这些众生——包括天、魔、梵天的世界,以及沙门、婆罗门、天人众——就得以从中脱离、解开、释放,心不受限制地安住了。 第五经。
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, sattā imesaṃ channaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ assādañca assādato, ādīnavañca ādīnavato, nissaraṇañca nissaraṇato yathābhūtaṃ nābbhaññaṃsu, neva tāva, bhikkhave, sattā sadevakā lokā samārakā sabrahmakā sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya nissaṭā visaññuttā vippamuttā vimariyādīkatena cetasā vihariṃsu. Yato ca kho, bhikkhave, sattā imesaṃ channaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ assādañca assādato, ādīnavañca ādīnavato, nissaraṇañca nissaraṇato yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññaṃsu , atha, bhikkhave, sattā sadevakā lokā samārakā sabrahmakā sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya nissaṭā visaññuttā vippamuttā vimariyādīkatena cetasā viharantī’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
536. 第二若无味经
6. Dutiyanoceassādasuttaṃ
18诸比丘,假如色不存在味,众生就不会对色贪染。但正因为色有它的味,众生才对色贪染。诸比丘,假如色不存在患,众生就不会对色厌离。但正因为色有它的患,众生才对色厌离。诸比丘,假如色不存在出离,众生就不会从色出离。但正因为色有它的出离,众生才从色出离。诸比丘,假如声……香……味……触……法不存在味,众生就不会对法贪染。但正因为法有它的味,众生才对法贪染。诸比丘,假如法不存在患,众生就不会对法厌离。但正因为法有它的患,众生才对法厌离。诸比丘,假如法不存在出离,众生就不会从法出离。但正因为法有它的出离,众生才从法出离。
‘‘No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, rūpānaṃ assādo abhavissa, nayidaṃ sattā rūpesu sārajjeyyuṃ. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi rūpānaṃ assādo, tasmā sattā rūpesu sārajjanti. No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, rūpānaṃ ādīnavo abhavissa, nayidaṃ sattā rūpesu nibbindeyyuṃ. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi rūpānaṃ ādīnavo, tasmā sattā rūpesu nibbindanti. No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, rūpānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ abhavissa, nayidaṃ sattā rūpehi nissareyyuṃ. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi rūpānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ, tasmā sattā rūpehi nissaranti. No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, saddānaṃ… gandhānaṃ… rasānaṃ… phoṭṭhabbānaṃ… dhammānaṃ assādo abhavissa, nayidaṃ sattā dhammesu sārajjeyyuṃ. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi dhammānaṃ assādo, tasmā sattā dhammesu sārajjanti. No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammānaṃ ādīnavo abhavissa, nayidaṃ sattā dhammesu nibbindeyyuṃ. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi dhammānaṃ ādīnavo, tasmā sattā dhammesu nibbindanti. No cedaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ abhavissa, nayidaṃ sattā dhammehi nissareyyuṃ. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi dhammānaṃ nissaraṇaṃ, tasmā sattā dhammehi nissaranti.
55诸比丘,只要众生尚未如实了知这六个外处的味是味、患是患、出离是出离,那么,诸比丘,这些众生——包括天、魔、梵天的世界,以及沙门、婆罗门、天人众——就还没有从中脱离、解开、释放,心还没有不受限制地安住。然而,诸比丘,一旦众生如实了知了这六个外处的味是味、患是患、出离是出离,那时,这些众生——包括天、魔、梵天的世界,以及沙门、婆罗门、天人众——就得以从中脱离、解开、释放,心不受限制地安住了。 第六经。
‘‘Yāvakīvañca, bhikkhave, sattā imesaṃ channaṃ bāhirānaṃ āyatanānaṃ assādañca assādato, ādīnavañca ādīnavato, nissaraṇañca nissaraṇato yathābhūtaṃ nābbhaññaṃsu , neva tāva, bhikkhave, sattā sadevakā lokā samārakā sabrahmakā sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya nissaṭā visaññuttā vippamuttā vimariyādīkatena cetasā vihariṃsu. Yato ca kho, bhikkhave, sattā imesaṃ channaṃ bāhirānaṃ āyatanānaṃ assādañca assādato, ādīnavañca ādīnavato, nissaraṇañca nissaraṇato yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññaṃsu, atha, bhikkhave , sattā sadevakā lokā samārakā sabrahmakā sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya nissaṭā visaññuttā vippamuttā vimariyādīkatena cetasā viharantī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
567. 第一欢喜经
7. Paṭhamābhinandasuttaṃ
19诸比丘,若人喜爱眼,即是喜爱苦。若人喜爱苦,我说他未从苦解脱。若人喜爱耳……喜爱鼻……喜爱舌,即是喜爱苦。若人喜爱苦,我说他未从苦解脱。若人喜爱身……喜爱意,即是喜爱苦。若人喜爱苦,我说他未从苦解脱。
‘‘Yo , bhikkhave, cakkhuṃ abhinandati, dukkhaṃ so abhinandati. Yo dukkhaṃ abhinandati, aparimutto so dukkhasmāti vadāmi. Yo sotaṃ…pe… yo ghānaṃ…pe… yo jivhaṃ abhinandati, dukkhaṃ so abhinandati. Yo dukkhaṃ abhinandati, aparimutto so dukkhasmāti vadāmi. Yo kāyaṃ…pe… yo manaṃ abhinandati, dukkhaṃ so abhinandati. Yo dukkhaṃ abhinandati, aparimutto so dukkhasmā’’ti vadāmi.
58诸比丘,若人不喜爱眼,即是不喜爱苦。若人不喜爱苦,我说他于苦解脱。若人不喜爱耳……不喜爱鼻……不喜爱舌,即是不喜爱苦。若人不喜爱苦,我说他于苦解脱。若人不喜爱身……不喜爱意,即是不喜爱苦。若人不喜爱苦,我说他于苦解脱。
‘‘Yo ca kho, bhikkhave, cakkhuṃ nābhinandati, dukkhaṃ so nābhinandati. Yo dukkhaṃ nābhinandati, parimutto so dukkhasmāti vadāmi. Yo sotaṃ…pe… yo ghānaṃ…pe… yo jivhaṃ nābhinandati, dukkhaṃ so nābhinandati. Yo dukkhaṃ nābhinandati, parimutto so dukkhasmāti vadāmi. Yo kāyaṃ…pe… yo manaṃ nābhinandati, dukkhaṃ so nābhinandati. Yo dukkhaṃ nābhinandati, parimutto so dukkhasmā’’ti vadāmi. Sattamaṃ.
598. 第二欢喜经
8. Dutiyābhinandasuttaṃ
20诸比丘,若人喜爱色,即是喜爱苦。若人喜爱苦,我说他未从苦解脱。若人喜爱声……香……味……触……法,即是喜爱苦。若人喜爱苦,我说他未从苦解脱。
‘‘Yo, bhikkhave, rūpe abhinandati, dukkhaṃ so abhinandati. Yo dukkhaṃ abhinandati, aparimutto so dukkhasmāti vadāmi. Yo sadde…pe… gandhe… rase… phoṭṭhabbe… dhamme abhinandati, dukkhaṃ so abhinandati. Yo dukkhaṃ abhinandati, aparimutto so dukkhasmā’’ti vadāmi.
61诸比丘,若人不喜爱色,即是不喜爱苦。若人不喜爱苦,我说他于苦解脱。若人不喜爱声……香……味……触……法,即是不喜爱苦。若人不喜爱苦,我说他于苦解脱。
‘‘Yo ca kho, bhikkhave, rūpe nābhinandati, dukkhaṃ so nābhinandati. Yo dukkhaṃ nābhinandati, parimutto so dukkhasmāti vadāmi . Yo sadde…pe… gandhe… rase… phoṭṭhabbe… dhamme nābhinandati, dukkhaṃ so nābhinandati. Yo dukkhaṃ nābhinandati, parimutto so dukkhasmā’’ti vadāmi. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
629. 第一苦生起经
9. Paṭhamadukkhuppādasuttaṃ
21诸比丘,眼之生起、持续、出生、显现,即是苦之生起,病之持续,老死之显现。耳之……鼻之……舌之……身之……意之生起、持续、出生、显现,即是苦之生起,病之持续,老死之显现。
‘‘Yo , bhikkhave, cakkhussa uppādo ṭhiti abhinibbatti pātubhāvo, dukkhasseso uppādo, rogānaṃ ṭhiti, jarāmaraṇassa pātubhāvo. Yo sotassa…pe… yo ghānassa… yo jivhāya… yo kāyassa… yo manassa uppādo ṭhiti abhinibbatti pātubhāvo, dukkhasseso uppādo, rogānaṃ ṭhiti, jarāmaraṇassa pātubhāvo.
64诸比丘,眼之灭没、平息、消失,即是苦之灭没,病之平息,老死之消失。耳之……鼻之……舌之……身之……意之灭没、平息、消失,即是苦之灭没,病之平息,老死之消失。
‘‘Yo ca kho, bhikkhave, cakkhussa nirodho vūpasamo atthaṅgamo, dukkhasseso nirodho, rogānaṃ vūpasamo, jarāmaraṇassa atthaṅgamo. Yo sotassa… yo ghānassa… yo jivhāya… yo kāyassa… yo manassa nirodho vūpasamo atthaṅgamo, dukkhasseso nirodho, rogānaṃ vūpasamo, jarāmaraṇassa atthaṅgamo’’ti. Navamaṃ.
6510. 第二苦生起经
10. Dutiyadukkhuppādasuttaṃ
22“比丘们,对诸色法来说,那种生起、存续、产生、显现,就是苦的生起,是疾病的存续,是老与死的显现。对诸声……对诸香……对诸味……对诸触……对诸法来说,那种生起、存续、产生、显现,就是苦的生起,是疾病的存续,是老与死的显现。”
‘‘Yo, bhikkhave, rūpānaṃ uppādo ṭhiti abhinibbatti pātubhāvo, dukkhasseso uppādo, rogānaṃ ṭhiti, jarāmaraṇassa pātubhāvo. Yo saddānaṃ…pe… yo gandhānaṃ… yo rasānaṃ… yo phoṭṭhabbānaṃ… yo dhammānaṃ uppādo ṭhiti abhinibbatti pātubhāvo, dukkhasseso uppādo, rogānaṃ ṭhiti, jarāmaraṇassa pātubhāvo.
67“比丘们,而对诸色法来说,那种熄灭、平息、消失,就是苦的熄灭,是疾病的平息,是老与死的消失。对诸声……对诸香……对诸味……对诸触……对诸法来说,那种熄灭、平息、消失,就是苦的熄灭,是疾病的平息,是老与死的消失。”第十经。
‘‘Yo ca kho, bhikkhave, rūpānaṃ nirodho vūpasamo atthaṅgamo, dukkhasseso nirodho, rogānaṃ vūpasamo, jarāmaraṇassa atthaṅgamo. Yo saddānaṃ…pe… yo gandhānaṃ… yo rasānaṃ… yo phoṭṭhabbānaṃ… yo dhammānaṃ nirodho vūpasamo atthaṅgamo, dukkhasseso nirodho, rogānaṃ vūpasamo, jarāmaraṇassa atthaṅgamo’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
68它的摄颂是:
Tassuddānaṃ –
69双品第二
Yamakavaggo dutiyo.
70其摄颂──
Tassuddānaṃ –
71以‘正觉’说了两经,接着以‘味’说了两经;
Sambodhena duve vuttā, assādena apare duve;
72以‘若非’说了两经,接着以‘欢喜’说了两经;
No cetena duve vuttā, abhinandena apare duve;
73以‘生起’说了两经,这一品也因此得名。”
Uppādena duve vuttā, vaggo tena pavuccatīti.
74“尊者,确实不是这样。”
‘‘No hetaṃ bhante’’.
753. 一切品
3. Sabbavaggo
761. 一切经
1. Sabbasuttaṃ
23“诸比丘,我将为你们讲说为了舍断这一切的法。你们仔细听。
诸比丘,什么是为了舍断这一切的法呢?
诸比丘,眼应当舍断,诸色应当舍断,眼识应当舍断,眼触应当舍断,以及以眼触为条件而生起的感受——不管是乐的、苦的、还是不苦不乐的,那也应当舍断……耳应当舍断,诸声应当舍断,耳识应当舍断,耳触应当舍断,以及以耳触为条件而生起的感受——不管是乐的、苦的、还是不苦不乐的,那也应当舍断……鼻应当舍断,诸香应当舍断,鼻识应当舍断,鼻触应当舍断,以及以鼻触为条件而生起的感受——不管是乐的、苦的、还是不苦不乐的,那也应当舍断。舌应当舍断,诸味应当舍断,舌识应当舍断,舌触应当舍断,以及以舌触为条件而生起的感受——不管是乐的、苦的、还是不苦不乐的,那也应当舍断。身应当舍断……意应当舍断,诸法应当舍断,意识应当舍断,意触应当舍断,以及以意触为条件而生起的感受——不管是乐的、苦的、还是不苦不乐的,那也应当舍断。
诸比丘,这就是为了舍断这一切的法。”
第二经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . ‘‘Sabbaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha. Kiñca, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ? Cakkhuñceva rūpā ca, sotañca saddā ca, ghānañca gandhā ca, jivhā ca rasā ca, kāyo ca phoṭṭhabbā ca, mano ca dhammā ca – idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ. Yo, bhikkhave, evaṃ vadeyya – ‘ahametaṃ sabbaṃ paccakkhāya aññaṃ sabbaṃ paññāpessāmī’ti, tassa vācāvatthukamevassa ; puṭṭho ca na sampāyeyya, uttariñca vighātaṃ āpajjeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yathā taṃ, bhikkhave, avisayasmi’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ.
782. 舍断经
2. Pahānasuttaṃ
24“诸比丘,我将为你们讲说为了证知、遍知、舍断这一切的法。你们仔细听。
诸比丘,什么是为了证知、遍知、舍断这一切的法呢?
诸比丘,眼应当为了证知、遍知、舍断它,诸色应当为了证知、遍知、舍断它们,眼识应当为了证知、遍知、舍断它,眼触应当为了证知、遍知、舍断它,以及以眼触为条件而生起的感受——不管是乐的、苦的、还是不苦不乐的,那也应当为了证知、遍知、舍断它……舌应当为了证知、遍知、舍断它,诸味应当为了证知、遍知、舍断它们,舌识应当为了证知、遍知、舍断它,舌触应当为了证知、遍知、舍断它,以及以舌触为条件而生起的感受——不管是乐的、苦的、还是不苦不乐的,那也应当为了证知、遍知、舍断它。身应当为了证知、遍知、舍断它……意应当为了证知、遍知、舍断它,诸法应当为了证知、遍知、舍断它们,意识应当为了证知、遍知、舍断它,意触应当为了证知、遍知、舍断它,以及以意触为条件而生起的感受——不管是乐的、苦的、还是不苦不乐的,那也应当为了证知、遍知、舍断它。
诸比丘,这就是为了证知、遍知、舍断这一切的法。”
第三经。
‘‘Sabbappahānāya vo, bhikkhave, dhammaṃ desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sabbappahānāya dhammo? Cakkhuṃ, bhikkhave, pahātabbaṃ, rūpā pahātabbā, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ pahātabbaṃ, cakkhusamphasso pahātabbo , yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi pahātabbaṃ…pe… yampidaṃ sotasamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi pahātabbaṃ… yampidaṃ ghānasamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi pahātabbaṃ. Jivhā pahātabbā, rasā pahātabbā, jivhāviññāṇaṃ pahātabbaṃ, jivhāsamphasso pahātabbo, yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi pahātabbaṃ. Kāyo pahātabbo… mano pahātabbo, dhammā pahātabbā, manoviññāṇaṃ pahātabbaṃ, manosamphasso pahātabbo, yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi pahātabbaṃ. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sabbappahānāya dhammo’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
803. 证知遍知舍断经
3. Abhiññāpariññāpahānasuttaṃ
25“诸比丘,对于这一切,如果不证知、不遍知、不离贪、不舍弃,就没有能力灭尽苦。
诸比丘,对于什么,如果不证知、不遍知、不离贪、不舍弃,就没有能力灭尽苦呢?
诸比丘,对于眼,如果不证知、不遍知、不离贪、不舍弃,就没有能力灭尽苦。
对于诸色,如果不证知、不遍知、不离贪、不舍弃,就没有能力灭尽苦。
对于眼识,如果不证知、不遍知、不离贪、不舍弃,就没有能力灭尽苦。
对于眼触,如果不证知、不遍知、不离贪、不舍弃,就没有能力灭尽苦。
对于以眼触为条件而生起的感受——不管是乐的、苦的、还是不苦不乐的,如果不证知、不遍知、不离贪、不舍弃,也没有能力灭尽苦……
对于舌,如果不证知、不遍知、不离贪、不舍弃,就没有能力灭尽苦。对于诸味……对于舌识……对于舌触……对于以舌触为条件而生起的感受——不管是乐的、苦的、还是不苦不乐的,如果不证知、不遍知、不离贪、不舍弃,也没有能力灭尽苦。对于身……
对于意,如果不证知、不遍知、不离贪、不舍弃,就没有能力灭尽苦。对于诸法……对于意识……对于意触……对于以意触为条件而生起的感受——不管是乐的、苦的、还是不苦不乐的,如果不证知、不遍知、不离贪、不舍弃,也没有能力灭尽苦。
诸比丘,对于这一切,如果不证知、不遍知、不离贪、不舍弃,就没有能力灭尽苦。”
第四经。
‘‘Sabbaṃ abhiññā pariññā pahānāya vo, bhikkhave, dhammaṃ desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ abhiññā pariññā pahānāya dhammo? Cakkhuṃ, bhikkhave, abhiññā pariññā pahātabbaṃ, rūpā abhiññā pariññā pahātabbā , cakkhuviññāṇaṃ abhiññā pariññā pahātabbaṃ, cakkhusamphasso abhiññā pariññā pahātabbo, yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi abhiññā pariññā pahātabbaṃ…pe… jivhā abhiññā pariññā pahātabbā, rasā abhiññā pariññā pahātabbā, jivhāviññāṇaṃ abhiññā pariññā pahātabbaṃ, jivhāsamphasso abhiññā pariññā pahātabbo, yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi abhiññā pariññā pahātabbaṃ. Kāyo abhiññā pariññā pahātabbo… mano abhiññā pariññā pahātabbo, dhammā abhiññā pariññā pahātabbā, manoviññāṇaṃ abhiññā pariññā pahātabbaṃ, manosamphasso abhiññā pariññā pahātabbo, yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi abhiññā pariññā pahātabbaṃ. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ abhiññā pariññā pahānāya dhammo’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
824. 第一不遍知经
4. Paṭhamaaparijānanasuttaṃ
26“诸比丘,相反地,对于这一切,如果证知、遍知、离贪、舍断,就有能力灭尽苦。
诸比丘,对于什么,如果证知、遍知、离贪、舍断,就有能力灭尽苦呢?
诸比丘,对于眼,如果证知、遍知、离贪、舍断,就有能力灭尽苦。
对于诸色,如果证知、遍知、离贪、舍断,就有能力灭尽苦。
对于眼识,如果证知、遍知、离贪、舍断,就有能力灭尽苦。
对于眼触,如果证知、遍知、离贪、舍断,就有能力灭尽苦。
对于以眼触为条件而生起的感受——不管是乐的、苦的、还是不苦不乐的,如果证知、遍知、离贪、舍断,也有能力灭尽苦……
对于舌,如果证知、遍知、离贪、舍断,就有能力灭尽苦。对于诸味……对于舌识……对于舌触……对于以舌触为条件而生起的感受——不管是乐的、苦的、还是不苦不乐的,如果证知、遍知、离贪、舍断,也有能力灭尽苦。对于身……
对于意,如果证知、遍知、离贪、舍断,就有能力灭尽苦。对于诸法……对于意识……对于意触……对于以意触为条件而生起的感受——不管是乐的、苦的、还是不苦不乐的,如果证知、遍知、离贪、舍断,也有能力灭尽苦。
诸比丘,对于这一切,如果证知、遍知、离贪、舍断,就有能力灭尽苦。”
第五经。
‘‘Sabbaṃ , bhikkhave, anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Kiñca, bhikkhave, anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya? Cakkhuṃ, bhikkhave, anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Rūpe anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Cakkhusamphassaṃ anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya…pe… jivhaṃ anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Rase…pe… jivhāviññāṇaṃ…pe… jivhāsamphassaṃ…pe… yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Kāyaṃ…pe… manaṃ anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Dhamme…pe… manoviññāṇaṃ…pe… manosamphassaṃ…pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya.
84诸比丘,证知一切、遍知、离贪、断,则能灭尽苦。诸比丘,证知什么一切、遍知、离贪、断,则能灭尽苦?诸比丘,证知眼、遍知、离贪、断,则能灭尽苦。证知色、遍知、离贪、断,则能灭尽苦。证知眼识、遍知、离贪、断,则能灭尽苦。证知眼触、遍知、离贪、断,则能灭尽苦。凡以此眼触为缘所生起的所感受的——或乐、或苦、或不苦不乐——证知那、遍知、离贪、断,则能灭尽苦……证知舌、遍知、离贪、断,则能灭尽苦。味……舌识……舌触……凡以此舌触为缘所生起的所感受的——或乐、或苦、或不苦不乐——证知那、遍知、离贪、断,则能灭尽苦。身……证知意、遍知、离贪、断,则能灭尽苦。法……意识……意触……凡以此意触为缘所生起的所感受的——或乐、或苦、或不苦不乐——证知那、遍知、离贪、断,则能灭尽苦。诸比丘,证知此一切、遍知、离贪、断,则能灭尽苦。」第四经。
‘‘Sabbañca kho, bhikkhave, abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Kiñca , bhikkhave, sabbaṃ abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāya? Cakkhuṃ, bhikkhave, abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Rūpe abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Cakkhusamphassaṃ abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāya…pe… jivhaṃ abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Rase…pe… jivhāviññāṇaṃ…pe… jivhāsamphassaṃ…pe… yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Kāyaṃ…pe… manaṃ abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Dhamme…pe… manoviññāṇaṃ…pe… manosamphassaṃ…pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāyā’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
855. 第二不遍知经
5. Dutiyaaparijānanasuttaṃ
27比丘们,如果对一切不去了解、不去遍知、不去离染、不去舍断,就不可能灭尽苦。比丘们,什么是那一切,如果不去了解、不去遍知、不去离染、不去舍断,就不可能灭尽苦呢?比丘们,就是眼,以及色,以及眼识,以及眼识所识知的法;……舌,以及味,以及舌识,以及舌识所识知的法;身,以及触,以及身识,以及身识所识知的法;意,以及法,以及意识,以及意识所识知的法——比丘们,这就是那一切,如果不去了解、不去遍知、不去离染、不去舍断,就不可能灭尽苦。
‘‘Sabbaṃ , bhikkhave, anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Kiñca, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya? Yañca, bhikkhave , cakkhu, ye ca rūpā, yañca cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, ye ca cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā…pe… yā ca jivhā, ye ca rasā, yañca jivhāviññāṇaṃ, ye ca jivhāviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā; yo ca kāyo, ye ca phoṭṭhabbā, yañca kāyaviññāṇaṃ, ye ca kāyaviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā; yo ca mano, ye ca dhammā, yañca manoviññāṇaṃ, ye ca manoviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā – idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya.
87比丘们,如果对一切了解、遍知、离染、舍断,就有可能灭尽苦。比丘们,什么是那一切,如果了解、遍知、离染、舍断,就有可能灭尽苦呢?比丘们,就是眼,以及色,以及眼识,以及眼识所识知的法;……舌,以及味,以及舌识,以及舌识所识知的法;身,以及触,以及身识,以及身识所识知的法;意,以及法,以及意识,以及意识所识知的法——比丘们,这就是那一切,如果了解、遍知、离染、舍断,就有可能灭尽苦。第五经。
‘‘Sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Kiñca, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāya? Yañca, bhikkhave, cakkhu, ye ca rūpā, yañca cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, ye ca cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā…pe… yā ca jivhā, ye ca rasā, yañca jivhāviññāṇaṃ, ye ca jivhāviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā; yo ca kāyo, ye ca phoṭṭhabbā, yañca kāyaviññāṇaṃ, ye ca kāyaviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā; yo ca mano, ye ca dhammā, yañca manoviññāṇaṃ, ye ca manoviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā – idaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāyā’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
886. 燃烧经
6. Ādittasuttaṃ
28有一次,世尊住在伽耶的伽耶峰,与一千位比丘在一起。那时,世尊对比丘们说:“比丘们,一切都在燃烧。比丘们,什么是一切都在燃烧?比丘们,眼在燃烧,色在燃烧,眼识在燃烧,眼触在燃烧。凡是缘于眼触而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,或是不苦不乐,那也在燃烧。以什么燃烧呢?我说:‘以贪火、嗔火、痴火在燃烧,以生、老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼在燃烧。’……舌在燃烧,味在燃烧,舌识在燃烧,舌触在燃烧。凡是缘于舌触而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,或是不苦不乐,那也在燃烧。以什么燃烧呢?我说:‘以贪火、嗔火、痴火在燃烧,以生、老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼在燃烧。’……意在燃烧,法在燃烧,意识在燃烧,意触在燃烧。凡是缘于意触而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,或是不苦不乐,那也在燃烧。以什么燃烧呢?我说:‘以贪火、嗔火、痴火在燃烧,以生、老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼在燃烧。’比丘们,多闻的圣弟子这样观察时,对眼也厌离,对色也厌离,对眼识也厌离,对眼触也厌离,对缘于眼触而生起的感受——无论是乐、是苦,或是不苦不乐——也厌离。……对缘于意触而生起的感受——无论是乐、是苦,或是不苦不乐——也厌离。厌离则离染,离染而解脱;解脱之时,生起‘已解脱’之智。他知道:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应做已做,不再有来生。’”世尊说了这些。那些比丘对世尊所说感到满意、心生欢喜。而当此解说正在宣说时,那一千位比丘的心无取着地从诸漏中解脱了。第六经。
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā gayāyaṃ viharati gayāsīse saddhiṃ bhikkhusahassena. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, ādittaṃ. Kiñca, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ ādittaṃ? Cakkhu , bhikkhave, ādittaṃ, rūpā ādittā, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ ādittaṃ, cakkhusamphasso āditto. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi ādittaṃ. Kena ādittaṃ? ‘Rāgagginā, dosagginā, mohagginā ādittaṃ, jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi āditta’nti vadāmi…pe… jivhā ādittā, rasā ādittā, jivhāviññāṇaṃ ādittaṃ, jivhāsamphasso āditto . Yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi ādittaṃ. Kena ādittaṃ? ‘Rāgagginā, dosagginā, mohagginā ādittaṃ, jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi āditta’nti vadāmi…pe… mano āditto, dhammā ādittā, manoviññāṇaṃ ādittaṃ, manosamphasso āditto. Yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi ādittaṃ. Kena ādittaṃ? ‘Rāgagginā, dosagginā, mohagginā ādittaṃ, jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi āditta’nti vadāmi. Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati, rūpesupi nibbindati, cakkhuviññāṇepi nibbindati, cakkhusamphassepi nibbindati, yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati …pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanduṃ. Imasmiñca pana veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne tassa bhikkhusahassassa anupādāya āsavehi cittāni vimucciṃsūti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
907. 被压迫经
7. Addhabhūtasuttaṃ
29如是我闻:有一次,世尊住在王舍城的竹林,松鼠觅食处。那时,世尊对比丘们说:“比丘们,一切都已经毁坏。比丘们,什么是一切都已经毁坏?比丘们,眼已经毁坏,色已经毁坏,眼识已经毁坏,眼触已经毁坏;凡是缘于眼触而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,或是不苦不乐,那也已经毁坏。以什么毁坏呢?我说:‘以生、老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼而毁坏。’……舌已经毁坏,味已经毁坏,舌识已经毁坏,舌触已经毁坏;凡是缘于舌触而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,或是不苦不乐,那也已经毁坏。以什么毁坏呢?我说:‘以生、老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼而毁坏。’身已经毁坏……意已经毁坏,法已经毁坏,意识已经毁坏,意触已经毁坏;凡是缘于意触而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,或是不苦不乐,那也已经毁坏。以什么毁坏呢?我说:‘以生、老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼而毁坏。’比丘们,多闻的圣弟子这样观察时,对眼也厌离,对色也厌离,对眼识也厌离,对眼触也厌离,……对缘于意触而生起的感受——无论是乐、是苦,或是不苦不乐——也厌离。厌离则离染,离染而解脱;解脱之时,生起‘已解脱’之智,他知道:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应做已做,不再有来生。’”第七经。
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, addhabhūtaṃ . Kiñca , bhikkhave, sabbaṃ addhabhūtaṃ? Cakkhu, bhikkhave, addhabhūtaṃ, rūpā addhabhūtā, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ addhabhūtaṃ, cakkhusamphasso addhabhūto, yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi addhabhūtaṃ. Kena addhabhūtaṃ? ‘Jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi addhabhūta’nti vadāmi…pe… jivhā addhabhūtā, rasā addhabhūtā, jivhāviññāṇaṃ addhabhūtaṃ, jivhāsamphasso addhabhūto, yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi addhabhūtaṃ. Kena addhabhūtaṃ? ‘Jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi addhabhūta’nti vadāmi. Kāyo addhabhūto…pe… mano addhabhūto, dhammā addhabhūtā, manoviññāṇaṃ addhabhūtaṃ, manosamphasso addhabhūto, yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi addhabhūtaṃ. Kena addhabhūtaṃ? ‘Jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi addhabhūta’nti vadāmi. Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati, rūpesupi nibbindati, cakkhuviññāṇepi nibbindati, cakkhusamphassepi nibbindati…pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati , virāgā vimuccati, vimuttasmiṃ ‘vimutta’miti ñāṇaṃ hoti, ‘khīṇā jāti vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
928. 根除适当经
8. Samugghātasāruppasuttaṃ
30“比丘们,我将为你们讲解适合彻底断除一切虚妄构想的那条行道。你们要仔细听,好好作意,我要说了。”比丘们,什么是那适合彻底断除一切虚妄构想的行道呢?比丘们,在此,比丘不对眼作构想,不在眼中作构想,不从眼作构想,不构想‘眼是我的’。不对色作构想,不在色中作构想,不从色作构想,不构想‘色是我的’。不对眼识作构想,不在眼识中作构想,不从眼识作构想,不构想‘眼识是我的’。不对眼触作构想,不在眼触中作构想,不从眼触作构想,不构想‘眼触是我的’。凡是缘于眼触而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,或是不苦不乐,也不对它作构想,不在其中作构想,不从它作构想,不构想‘那是我的’。……不对舌作构想,不在舌中作构想,不从舌作构想,不构想‘舌是我的’。不对味作构想……不对舌识作构想……不对舌触作构想。凡是缘于舌触而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,或是不苦不乐,也不对它作构想,不在其中作构想,不从它作构想,不构想‘那是我的’。……不对意作构想,不在意中作构想,不故意作构想,不构想‘意是我的’。不对法作构想……不对意识作构想……不对意触作构想。凡是缘于意触而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,或是不苦不乐,也不对它作构想,不在其中作构想,不从它作构想,不构想‘那是我的’。不对一切作构想,不在一切中作构想,不从一切作构想,不构想‘一切是我的’。他这样不作构想,就不在世间执取任何事物。不执取,就不恐惧。不恐惧,就自己般涅槃。他知道:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应做已做,不再有来生。’比丘们,这就是那适合彻底断除一切虚妄构想的行道。”第八经。
‘‘Sabbamaññitasamugghātasāruppaṃ vo, bhikkhave, paṭipadaṃ desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmīti. Katamā ca sā, bhikkhave, sabbamaññitasamugghātasāruppā paṭipadā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhuṃ na maññati, cakkhusmiṃ na maññati, cakkhuto na maññati, cakkhuṃ meti na maññati. Rūpe na maññati, rūpesu na maññati, rūpato na maññati, rūpā meti na maññati. Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ na maññati, cakkhuviññāṇasmiṃ na maññati, cakkhuviññāṇato na maññati, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ meti na maññati. Cakkhusamphassaṃ na maññati, cakkhusamphassasmiṃ na maññati, cakkhusamphassato na maññati, cakkhusamphasso meti na maññati. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi na maññati , tasmimpi na maññati, tatopi na maññati, taṃ meti na maññati…pe… jivhaṃ na maññati, jivhāya na maññati, jivhāto na maññati, jivhā meti na maññati. Rase na maññati, rasesu na maññati, rasato na maññati, rasā meti na maññati. Jivhāviññāṇaṃ na maññati, jivhāviññāṇasmiṃ na maññati, jivhāviññāṇato na maññati, jivhāviññāṇaṃ meti na maññati. Jivhāsamphassaṃ na maññati, jivhāsamphassasmiṃ na maññati, jivhāsamphassato na maññati, jivhāsamphasso meti na maññati. Yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi na maññati, tasmimpi na maññati, tatopi na maññati, taṃ meti na maññati…pe… manaṃ na maññati, manasmiṃ na maññati, manato na maññati, mano meti na maññati. Dhamme na maññati, dhammesu na maññati, dhammato na maññati, dhammā meti na maññati. Manoviññāṇaṃ na maññati, manoviññāṇasmiṃ na maññati, manoviññāṇato na maññati, manoviññāṇaṃ meti na maññati. Manosamphassaṃ na maññati, manosamphassasmiṃ na maññati, manosamphassato na maññati, manosamphasso meti na maññati . Yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi na maññati, tasmimpi na maññati, tatopi na maññati, taṃ meti na maññati. Sabbaṃ na maññati, sabbasmiṃ na maññati, sabbato na maññati, sabbaṃ meti na maññati. So evaṃ amaññamāno na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Anupādiyaṃ na paritassati. Aparitassaṃ paccattaññeva parinibbāyati. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti. Ayaṃ kho sā, bhikkhave, sabbamaññitasamugghātasāruppā paṭipadā’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
949. 第一根除适宜经
9. Paṭhamasamugghātasappāyasuttaṃ
31各位比丘,我将教导你们一条适合彻底断除一切妄想分别的修行之路。你们仔细听。比丘们,什么是那条适合彻底断除一切妄想分别的修行之路呢?
‘‘Sabbamaññitasamugghātasappāyaṃ vo, bhikkhave, paṭipadaṃ desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha. Katamā ca sā, bhikkhave, sabbamaññitasamugghātasappāyā paṭipadā?
9610. 第二根除适宜经
10. Dutiyasamugghātasappāyasuttaṃ
32“比丘们,我将为你们讲解有利于彻底断除一切虚妄构想的那条行道。你们要仔细听。比丘们,什么是那有利于彻底断除一切虚妄构想的行道呢?比丘们,在此,比丘不对眼作构想,不在眼中作构想,不从眼作构想,不构想‘眼是我的’。不对色作构想……不对眼识作构想,不对眼触作构想;凡是缘于眼触而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,或是不苦不乐,也不对它作构想,不在其中作构想,不从它作构想,不构想‘那是我的’。比丘们,因为但凡他构想什么,在什么之中构想,从什么构想,构想‘什么是我的’,那个事物就会变成别的样子。这变为别样的、系缚于有的世间,就只会欢喜于有。……不对舌作构想,不在舌中作构想,不从舌作构想,不构想‘舌是我的’。不对味作构想……不对舌识作构想,不对舌触作构想;凡是缘于舌触而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,或是不苦不乐,也不对它作构想,不在其中作构想,不从它作构想,不构想‘那是我的’。比丘们,因为但凡他构想什么,在什么之中构想,从什么构想,构想‘什么是我的’,那个事物就会变成别的样子。这变为别样的、系缚于有的世间,就只会欢喜于有。……不对意作构想,不在意中作构想,不故意作构想,不构想‘意是我的’。不对法作构想……不对意识作构想,不对意触作构想;凡是缘于意触而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,或是不苦不乐,也不对它作构想,不在其中作构想,不从它作构想,不构想‘那是我的’。比丘们,因为但凡他构想什么,在什么之中构想,从什么构想,构想‘什么是我的’,那个事物就会变成别的样子。这变为别样的、系缚于有的世间,就只会欢喜于有。比丘们,所有范围的蕴、界、处,他同样不对那些作构想,不在那些之中作构想,不从那些作构想,不构想‘那些是我的’。他这样不作构想,就不在世间执取任何事物。不执取,就不恐惧。不恐惧,就自己般涅槃。他知道:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应做已做,不再有来生。’比丘们,这就是那有利于彻底断除一切虚妄构想的行道。”第九经。
‘‘Sabbamaññitasamugghātasappāyaṃ vo, bhikkhave, paṭipadaṃ desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha. Katamā ca sā, bhikkhave, sabbamaññitasamugghātasappāyā paṭipadā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhuṃ na maññati, cakkhusmiṃ na maññati, cakkhuto na maññati, cakkhuṃ meti na maññati. Rūpe na maññati…pe… cakkhuviññāṇaṃ na maññati, cakkhusamphassaṃ na maññati, yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi na maññati, tasmimpi na maññati, tatopi na maññati, taṃ meti na maññati. Yañhi, bhikkhave, maññati, yasmiṃ maññati, yato maññati, yaṃ meti maññati, tato taṃ hoti aññathā. Aññathābhāvī bhavasatto loko bhavamevābhinandati…pe… jivhaṃ na maññati, jivhāya na maññati, jivhāto na maññati, jivhā meti na maññati. Rase na maññati…pe… jivhāviññāṇaṃ na maññati, jivhāsamphassaṃ na maññati. Yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi na maññati, tasmimpi na maññati, tatopi na maññati, taṃ meti na maññati. Yañhi, bhikkhave, maññati, yasmiṃ maññati, yato maññati, yaṃ meti maññati, tato taṃ hoti aññathā. Aññathābhāvī bhavasatto loko bhavamevābhinandati…pe… manaṃ na maññati, manasmiṃ na maññati, manato na maññati, mano meti na maññati. Dhamme na maññati…pe… manoviññāṇaṃ na maññati, manosamphassaṃ na maññati. Yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi na maññati, tasmimpi na maññati, tatopi na maññati, taṃ meti na maññati. Yañhi, bhikkhave, maññati, yasmiṃ maññati, yato maññati, yaṃ meti maññati, tato taṃ hoti aññathā. Aññathābhāvī bhavasatto loko bhavamevābhinandati. Yāvatā, bhikkhave, khandhadhātuāyatanaṃ tampi na maññati, tasmimpi na maññati, tatopi na maññati, taṃ meti na maññati. So evaṃ amaññamāno na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Anupādiyaṃ na paritassati. Aparitassaṃ paccattaññeva parinibbāyati. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti . Ayaṃ kho sā, bhikkhave, sabbamaññitasamugghātasappāyā paṭipadā’’ti. Navamaṃ.
98比丘们,你们怎么想?眼是常的,还是无常的?
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, cakkhuṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
99无常的,世尊。
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
100「无常的,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
101“凡是无常的,是苦还是乐呢?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
102「是苦的,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ , bhante’’.
103“那么,凡是无常、苦、变易法,适合这样去看待它:‘这是我的,我是这个,这是我的我’吗?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
104「不也,尊者。」
‘‘No hetaṃ bhante’’.
105“色……眼识……眼触,是常还是无常呢?”
‘‘Rūpā…pe… cakkhuviññāṇaṃ… cakkhusamphasso nicco vā anicco vā’’ti?
106“是无常,尊者。”……
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’…pe….
107「无常的,尊者。」……(中略)……
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’…pe….
108“而由这眼触为缘所生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,还是不苦不乐,它也是常还是无常呢?”
‘‘Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
109“也是无常,尊者。”
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
110「无常的,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
111“那么,凡是无常的,它是苦还是乐呢?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
112“尊者,是苦的。”
‘‘Dukkhaṃ bhante’’.
1131. 无常品
1. Aniccavaggo
114「是苦,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
115“那么,那无常、苦、变易之法,适合将它视为‘这是我的,这我是,这是我的我’吗?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
116“尊者们,这确实不适合。”
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
117“这不适合,大德。”……
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’…pe….
118“舌是常的还是无常的?”
‘‘Jivhā niccā vā aniccā vā’’ti?
119“无常的,大德。”……
‘‘Aniccā bhante’’…pe….
120「无常的,尊者。」……
‘‘Aniccā bhante’’…pe….
121“味道……舌识……舌触……乃至凡以舌触为缘而生起的感受——乐的、苦的或不苦不乐的,那也是常的还是无常的?”
‘‘Rasā… jivhāviññāṇaṃ… jivhāsamphasso…pe… yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
122“尊者,是无常的。”……诸法……意识……意触是常还是无常呢?
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’…pe… dhammā… manoviññāṇaṃ… manosamphasso nicco vā anicco vāti?
123“尊者,是无常的。”
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’.
124「无常,尊者。」
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’.
125“那么,由意触这个条件而生起的感受,不论是乐受、苦受,还是不苦不乐受,它也是常还是无常呢?”
‘‘Yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
126“尊者,是无常的。”
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
127「无常,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
128那么,凡是无常的,是苦还是乐呢?
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
129是苦,世尊。
‘‘Dukkhaṃ , bhante’’.
130「苦,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ bhante’’.
131那么,凡是无常、苦、变易之法,适合这样去看待它吗:‘这是我的,我是这个,这是我的我’?
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
132“不是的,尊者。”
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
133「不,尊者。」
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
134“诸比丘,这样观察的多闻圣弟子,也厌离于眼,也厌离于色,也厌离于眼识,也厌离于眼触。凡是缘于眼触而生起的感受,乐的、苦的、不苦不乐的,他也对它厌离……也厌离于舌,于诸味……凡是缘于舌触而生起的感受,乐的、苦的、不苦不乐的,他也对它厌离。也厌离于意,也厌离于诸法,也厌离于意识,也厌离于意触。凡是缘于意触而生起的感受,乐的、苦的、不苦不乐的,他也对它厌离。厌离而离贪,由离贪而解脱;于解脱有‘解脱了’的智。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有来生。’诸比丘,这就是适合断除一切妄想计执的道迹,这即是。”
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati, rūpesupi nibbindati, cakkhuviññāṇepi nibbindati, cakkhusamphassepi nibbindati. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati…pe… jivhāyapi nibbindati, rasesupi…pe… yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati. Manasmimpi nibbindati, dhammesupi nibbindati, manoviññāṇepi nibbindati, manosamphassepi nibbindati. Yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti . Ayaṃ kho sā, bhikkhave, sabbamaññitasamugghātasappāyā paṭipadā’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
135它的摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
136一切品第三
Sabbavaggo tatiyo.
137其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
138一切与二舍弃,遍知还有二;
Sabbañca dvepi pahānā, parijānāpare duve;
139燃烧与危脆,二适宜与二适合。”
Ādittaṃ addhabhūtañca, sāruppā dve ca sappāyā;
140这个品就以这个来称呼。
Vaggo tena pavuccatīti.
141第七品 米加迦勒品
7. Migajālavaggo
1424. 生法品
4. Jātidhammavaggo
1431-10. 生法等经十则
1-10. Jātidhammādisuttadasakaṃ
33在沙瓦提城。那时,世尊……“诸比丘,一切是生法。比丘们,什么是‘一切是生法’呢?眼是生法,色是生法,眼识是生法,眼触是生法。凡由眼触所生的感受——无论是乐、苦或不苦不乐——那也是生法。……舌……味……舌识……舌触……凡由舌触所生的感受——无论是乐、苦或不苦不乐——那也是生法。身……意是生法,法是生法,意识是生法,意触是生法。凡由意触所生的感受——无论是乐、苦或不苦不乐——那也是生法。比丘们,多闻的圣弟子这样观察时,便对眼也厌离,对诸色也厌离,对眼识也厌离,对眼触也厌离……乃至对由意触所生的感受也厌离。厌离则离贪,离贪则解脱,解脱时便生起‘解脱了’的智,他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有从此世到后有的状态。’”这是第一经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Tatra kho…pe… ‘‘sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, jātidhammaṃ. Kiñca, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ jātidhammaṃ? Cakkhu, bhikkhave, jātidhammaṃ. Rūpā… cakkhuviññāṇaṃ… cakkhusamphasso jātidhammo. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi jātidhammaṃ…pe… jivhā… rasā… jivhāviññāṇaṃ… jivhāsamphasso… yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi jātidhammaṃ. Kāyo…pe... mano jātidhammo, dhammā jātidhammā, manoviññāṇaṃ jātidhammaṃ, manosamphasso jātidhammo. Yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi jātidhammaṃ. Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati, rūpesupi… cakkhuviññāṇepi… cakkhusamphassepi…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
34“诸比丘,一切是终将老去之法。……(中略)……”这是第二经。
‘‘Sabbaṃ , bhikkhave, jarādhammaṃ…pe… saṃkhittaṃ. Dutiyaṃ.
35“诸比丘,一切是会得病之法。……(中略)……”这是第三经。
‘‘Sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, byādhidhammaṃ…pe…. Tatiyaṃ.
36“诸比丘,一切是终将死去之法。……(中略)……”这是第四经。
‘‘Sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, maraṇadhammaṃ…pe…. Catutthaṃ.
37“诸比丘,一切都是忧法……第五。”
‘‘Sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, sokadhammaṃ…pe…. Pañcamaṃ.
38“诸比丘,一切都是杂染法……第六。”
‘‘Sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, saṃkilesikadhammaṃ…pe…. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
39“诸比丘,一切都是灭坏法……第七。”
‘‘Sabbaṃ , bhikkhave, khayadhammaṃ…pe…. Sattamaṃ.
40“诸比丘,一切都是衰败法……第八。”
‘‘Sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, vayadhammaṃ…pe…. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
41“诸比丘,一切都是集起法……第九。”
‘‘Sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, samudayadhammaṃ…pe…. Navamaṃ.
42“诸比丘,一切都是灭尽法……第十。”
‘‘Sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, nirodhadhammaṃ…pe…. Dasamaṃ.
154“是苦的,大德。”
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
155生法品第四
Jātidhammavaggo catuttho.
156其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
157生、老、病、死,愁和杂染,灭尽、衰老、集起,以及灭法——这十个主题。
Jātijarābyādhimaraṇaṃ, soko ca saṃkilesikaṃ;
158第五品 一切无常品
Khayavayasamudayaṃ, nirodhadhammena te dasāti.
159在舍卫城。……(省略)……“诸比丘,一切是无常的。诸比丘,什么是一切是无常的呢?眼,诸比丘,是无常的;色是无常的;眼识是无常的;眼触是无常的。凡以眼触为缘而生起的感受——快乐的、痛苦的或非快乐非痛苦的——那也是无常的。……舌是无常的;味是无常的;舌识是无常的;舌触是无常的。凡以舌触为缘而生起的感受——快乐的、痛苦的或非快乐非痛苦的——那也是无常的。身是无常的……意是无常的;法是无常的;意识是无常的;意触是无常的。凡以意触为缘而生起的感受——快乐的、痛苦的或非快乐非痛苦的——那也是无常的。”这样观察的诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子在眼上也厌离,在色上也厌离,在眼识上也厌离,在眼触上也厌离。凡以眼触为缘而生起的感受——快乐的、痛苦的或非快乐非痛苦的——在那上面也厌离。……在意识上也厌离,在法上也厌离,在意识上也厌离,在意触上也厌离,凡以意触为缘而生起的感受——快乐的、痛苦的或非快乐非痛苦的——在那上面也厌离。厌离则离贪;由离贪而解脱;解脱时,有‘这是解脱’的智慧。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应该做的已经完成,不再有这样(轮回)的状态了。’这是第一(经)。
5. Sabbaaniccavaggo
1605. 一切无常品
5. Sabbaaniccavaggo
1611-9. 无常等经九则
1-9. Aniccādisuttanavakaṃ
43舍卫城因缘。于此……「诸比丘!一切是生法。诸比丘!什么是一切生法?诸比丘!眼是生法。诸色……眼识……眼触是生法。凡以此眼触为缘所生起的或乐或苦或不苦不乐的所受,彼亦是生法……舌……诸味……舌识……舌触……凡以此舌触为缘所生起的或乐或苦或不苦不乐的所受,彼亦是生法。身……意是生法,诸法是生法,意识是生法,意触是生法。凡以此意触为缘所生起的或乐或苦或不苦不乐的所受,彼亦是生法。诸比丘!如是见者,多闻的圣弟子于眼亦厌离,于诸色亦……于眼识亦……于眼触亦……不再有此存在。」第一经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Tatra kho…pe… ‘‘sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ. Kiñca, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ aniccaṃ? Cakkhu, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ, rūpā aniccā, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ, cakkhusamphasso anicco. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccaṃ…pe… jivhā aniccā, rasā aniccā, jivhāviññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ, jivhāsamphasso anicco. Yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccaṃ. Kāyo anicco…pe… mano anicco, dhammā aniccā, manoviññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ, manosamphasso anicco. Yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccaṃ. Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati, rūpesupi nibbindati, cakkhuviññāṇepi nibbindati, cakkhusamphassepi nibbindati. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati…pe… manasmimpi nibbindati, dhammesupi nibbindati, manoviññāṇepi nibbindati, manosamphassepi nibbindati, yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
44「诸比丘!一切是苦的……」第二经。
‘‘Sabbaṃ , bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ…pe…. Dutiyaṃ.
45诸比丘,一切是无我……第三。
‘‘Sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, anattā…pe…. Tatiyaṃ.
46诸比丘,一切应遍知……第四。
‘‘Sabbaṃ , bhikkhave, abhiññeyyaṃ…pe… . Catutthaṃ.
47诸比丘,一切应证知……第五。
‘‘Sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, pariññeyyaṃ…pe…. Pañcamaṃ.
48诸比丘,一切应断除……第六。
‘‘Sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, pahātabbaṃ…pe…. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
49诸比丘,一切应作证……第七。
‘‘Sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, sacchikātabbaṃ…pe… . Sattamaṃ.
50诸比丘,一切应遍知证知……第八。
‘‘Sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, abhiññāpariññeyyaṃ…pe…. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
51“诸比丘,一切被逼迫……第九经。”
‘‘Sabbaṃ , bhikkhave, upaddutaṃ…pe…. Navamaṃ.
17110. 逼恼经
10. Upassaṭṭhasuttaṃ
52“诸比丘,一切被侵袭。诸比丘,什么是一切被侵袭?眼被侵袭,色被侵袭,眼识被侵袭,眼触被侵袭。以眼触为缘所生起的感受——乐、苦或不苦不乐,这些也被侵袭……舌被侵袭,味被侵袭,舌识被侵袭,舌触被侵袭。以舌触为缘所生起的感受——乐、苦或不苦不乐,这些也被侵袭。身被侵袭……意被侵袭,法被侵袭,意识被侵袭,意触被侵袭。以意触为缘所生起的感受——乐、苦或不苦不乐,这些也被侵袭。诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样观察时,对眼也厌离,对色也厌离,对眼识也厌离,对眼触也厌离。以眼触为缘所生起的感受——乐、苦或不苦不乐,对这些也厌离……对意也厌离,对法也厌离,对意识也厌离,对意触也厌离。以意触为缘所生起的感受——乐、苦或不苦不乐,对这些也厌离。厌离则离贪,离贪则解脱,于解脱生起‘已解脱’之智,他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有再生于任何生命形态。’” 第十经。
‘‘Sabbaṃ , bhikkhave, upassaṭṭhaṃ . Kiñca, bhikkhave, sabbaṃ upassaṭṭhaṃ? Cakkhu, bhikkhave, upassaṭṭhaṃ, rūpā upassaṭṭhā, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ upassaṭṭhaṃ, cakkhusamphasso upassaṭṭho. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi upassaṭṭhaṃ…pe… jivhā upassaṭṭhā, rasā upassaṭṭhā, jivhāviññāṇaṃ upassaṭṭhaṃ, jivhāsamphasso upassaṭṭho. Yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi upassaṭṭhaṃ. Kāyo upassaṭṭho… mano upassaṭṭho, dhammā upassaṭṭhā, manoviññāṇaṃ upassaṭṭhaṃ, manosamphasso upassaṭṭho. Yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi upassaṭṭhaṃ. Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati, rūpesupi nibbindati, cakkhuviññāṇepi nibbindati, cakkhusamphassepi nibbindati. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati…pe… manasmimpi nibbindati, dhammesupi nibbindati, manoviññāṇepi nibbindati, manosamphassepi nibbindati. Yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti . ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
173它的摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
174一切无常品第五
Sabbaaniccavaggo pañcamo.
175其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
176无常、苦、无我,应遍知、应证知;
Aniccaṃ dukkhaṃ anattā, abhiññeyyaṃ pariññeyyaṃ;
177应断除、应现证,应遍知、应证知;
Pahātabbaṃ sacchikātabbaṃ, abhiññeyyapariññeyyaṃ ;
178被逼迫、被侵袭,因此说为这个品。
Upaddutaṃ upassaṭṭhaṃ, vaggo tena pavuccatīti.
179一切品
源自舍卫城。
“诸比丘,我将为你们讲说‘一切’。你们仔细听。
诸比丘,什么是‘一切’呢?
就是眼和色,耳和声,鼻和香,舌和味,身和触,意和法——诸比丘,这就叫作‘一切’。
诸比丘,如果有人这样说:‘我拒绝这个“一切”,我要另外安立一个“一切”。’——他这不过是嘴上说说罢了;若被追问,他根本答不上来,还会陷入更深的困扰。那是什么缘故呢?诸比丘,因为那根本不是他所涉及的范围。”
第一经。
3. Sabbavaggo
180六处品第一个五十完
Saḷāyatanavagge paṭhamapaṇṇāsako samatto.
181其品之摄颂——
Tassa vagguddānaṃ –
182无常品、双品、一切品、生法品,
Aniccavaggaṃ yamakaṃ, sabbaṃ vaggaṃ jātidhammaṃ;
183由无常品等五十经,故说此为第五。
Aniccavaggena paññāsaṃ, pañcamo tena pavuccatīti.
184第六 无明品
6. Avijjāvaggo
1856. 无明品
6. Avijjāvaggo
1861. 无明断除经
1. Avijjāpahānasuttaṃ
53在沙瓦提,因缘于此。那时,有位比丘来到世尊那里。到了之后,礼敬世尊,坐在一边。坐在一边后,那位比丘对世尊这样说:"尊者,怎样知、怎样见,才能断除无明,让明生起呢?"
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho, bhante, jānato kathaṃ passato avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjatī’’ti?
188"比丘,当知眼为无常、见眼为无常时,无明就断除了,明就生起了。当知色为无常、见色为无常时,无明就断除了,明就生起了。当知眼识……眼触……以及以眼触为条件而生起的感受——乐受、苦受或不苦不乐受,同样知它为无常、见它为无常时,无明就断除了,明就生起了。耳……鼻……舌……身……意,当知意为无常、见意为无常时,无明就断除了,明就生起了。当知法……意识……意触……以及以意触为条件而生起的感受——乐受、苦受或不苦不乐受,同样知它为无常、见它为无常时,无明就断除了,明就生起了。比丘,就是这样知、这样见,无明就断除了,明就生起了。"第一经。
‘‘Cakkhuṃ kho, bhikkhu, aniccato jānato passato avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjati. Rūpe aniccato jānato passato avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjati. Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ… cakkhusamphassaṃ… yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccato jānato passato avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjati. Sotaṃ… ghānaṃ… jivhaṃ… kāyaṃ… manaṃ aniccato jānato passato avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjati. Dhamme … manoviññāṇaṃ… manosamphassaṃ… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccato jānato passato avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, jānato evaṃ passato avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjatī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
1892. 结断除经
2. Saṃyojanapahānasuttaṃ
54“尊者,怎样知、怎样见,诸结缚才会被断除呢?”“比丘,当知见眼是无常时,诸结缚就被断除;当知见色是无常时……当知见眼识是无常时……当知见眼触是无常时……当知见以眼触为缘而生起的感受——乐、苦或不苦不乐,也是无常时,诸结缚就被断除。当知见耳……鼻……舌……身……意是无常时……当知见法是无常时……当知见意识是无常时……当知见意触是无常时……当知见以意触为缘而生起的感受——乐、苦或不苦不乐,也是无常时,诸结缚就被断除。比丘,这样知、这样见,诸结缚就被断除。”
‘‘Kathaṃ nu kho, bhante, jānato, kathaṃ passato, saṃyojanā pahīyantī’’ti? ‘‘Cakkhuṃ kho, bhikkhu, aniccato jānato passato saṃyojanā pahīyanti. Rūpe… cakkhuviññāṇaṃ… cakkhusamphassaṃ… yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccato jānato passato saṃyojanā pahīyanti. Sotaṃ… ghānaṃ… jivhaṃ… kāyaṃ… manaṃ… dhamme… manoviññāṇaṃ… manosamphassaṃ… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccato jānato passato saṃyojanā pahīyanti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, jānato evaṃ passato saṃyojanā pahīyantī’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
1913. 结根除经
3. Saṃyojanasamugghātasuttaṃ
55“尊者,怎样知、怎样见,诸结缚才会被根除呢?”“比丘,当知见眼是无我时,诸结缚就被根除;当知见色是无我时……当知见眼识是无我时……当知见眼触是无我时……当知见以眼触为缘而生起的感受——乐、苦或不苦不乐,也是无我时,诸结缚就被根除。当知见耳……鼻……舌……身……意是无我时……当知见法是无我时……当知见意识是无我时……当知见意触是无我时……当知见以意触为缘而生起的感受——乐、苦或不苦不乐,也是无我时,诸结缚就被根除。比丘,这样知、这样见,诸结缚就被根除。”
‘‘Kathaṃ nu kho, bhante, jānato, kathaṃ passato saṃyojanā samugghātaṃ gacchantī’’ti? ‘‘Cakkhuṃ kho, bhikkhu, anattato jānato passato saṃyojanā samugghātaṃ gacchanti. Rūpe anattato… cakkhuviññāṇaṃ… cakkhusamphassaṃ… yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi anattato jānato passato saṃyojanā samugghātaṃ gacchanti. Sotaṃ… ghānaṃ… jivhaṃ… kāyaṃ… manaṃ… dhamme… manoviññāṇaṃ… manosamphassaṃ… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi anattato jānato passato saṃyojanā samugghātaṃ gacchanti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, jānato evaṃ passato saṃyojanā samugghātaṃ gacchantī’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
1934. 漏断除经
4. Āsavapahānasuttaṃ
56“尊者,怎样知、怎样见,诸漏才会被断除呢?”“比丘,当知见眼是无常时,诸漏就被断除;当知见色是无常时……当知见眼识是无常时……当知见眼触是无常时……当知见以眼触为缘而生起的感受——乐、苦或不苦不乐,也是无常时,诸漏就被断除。当知见耳……鼻……舌……身……意是无常时……当知见法是无常时……当知见意识是无常时……当知见意触是无常时……当知见以意触为缘而生起的感受——乐、苦或不苦不乐,也是无常时,诸漏就被断除。比丘,这样知、这样见,诸漏就被断除。”
‘‘Kathaṃ nu kho, bhante, jānato, kathaṃ passato āsavā pahīyantī’’ti…pe…. Catutthaṃ.
1955. 漏根除经
5. Āsavasamugghātasuttaṃ
57“尊者,怎样知、怎样见,诸漏才会被根除呢?”“比丘,当知见眼是无我时,诸漏就被根除;当知见色是无我时……当知见眼识是无我时……当知见眼触是无我时……当知见以眼触为缘而生起的感受——乐、苦或不苦不乐,也是无我时,诸漏就被根除。当知见耳……鼻……舌……身……意是无我时……当知见法是无我时……当知见意识是无我时……当知见意触是无我时……当知见以意触为缘而生起的感受——乐、苦或不苦不乐,也是无我时,诸漏就被根除。比丘,这样知、这样见,诸漏就被根除。”
‘‘Kathaṃ nu kho, bhante, jānato, kathaṃ passato āsavā samugghātaṃ gacchantī’’ti…pe… . Pañcamaṃ.
1976. 随眠断除经
6. Anusayapahānasuttaṃ
58“尊者,怎样知、怎样见,诸随眠才会被断除呢?”“比丘,当知见眼是无常时,诸随眠就被断除;当知见色是无常时……当知见眼识是无常时……当知见眼触是无常时……当知见以眼触为缘而生起的感受——乐、苦或不苦不乐,也是无常时,诸随眠就被断除。当知见耳……鼻……舌……身……意是无常时……当知见法是无常时……当知见意识是无常时……当知见意触是无常时……当知见以意触为缘而生起的感受——乐、苦或不苦不乐,也是无常时,诸随眠就被断除。比丘,这样知、这样见,诸随眠就被断除。”
‘‘Kathaṃ nu kho…pe… anusayā pahīyantī’’ti…pe…. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
1997. 随眠根除经
7. Anusayasamugghātasuttaṃ
59“尊者,怎样知、怎样见,诸随眠才会被根除呢?”“比丘,当知见眼是无我时,诸随眠就被根除;当知见色是无我时……当知见眼识是无我时……当知见眼触是无我时……当知见以眼触为缘而生起的感受——乐、苦或不苦不乐,也是无我时,诸随眠就被根除。当知见耳……鼻……舌……身……意是无我时……当知见法是无我时……当知见意识是无我时……当知见意触是无我时……当知见以意触为缘而生起的感受——乐、苦或不苦不乐,也是无我时,诸随眠就被根除。比丘,这样知、这样见,诸随眠就被根除。”
‘‘Kathaṃ nu kho…pe… anusayā samugghātaṃ gacchantī’’ti? ‘‘Cakkhuṃ kho, bhikkhu, anattato jānato passato anusayā samugghātaṃ gacchanti…pe… sotaṃ… ghānaṃ… jivhaṃ… kāyaṃ… manaṃ… dhamme… manoviññāṇaṃ… manosamphassaṃ… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi anattato jānato passato anusayā samugghātaṃ gacchanti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, jānato evaṃ passato anusayā samugghātaṃ gacchantī’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
2018. 一切取遍知经
8. Sabbupādānapariññāsuttaṃ
60诸比丘,我将为你们说法,是为了遍知一切取。你们要听。那么,诸比丘,什么是为遍知一切取的法呢?以眼和色为缘,生起眼识。三者合在一起就是触,以触为缘而有受。诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样看的时候,对眼也厌离,对色也厌离,对眼识也厌离,对眼触也厌离,对受也厌离。由于厌离而离贪,由于离贪而解脱,当解脱的时候,他知道‘我对于取已经遍知了’。以耳和声为缘……以鼻和香为缘……以舌和味为缘……以身和触为缘……以意和法为缘,生起意识。三者合在一起就是触,以触为缘而有受。诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样看的时候,对意也厌离,对法也厌离,对意识也厌离,对意触也厌离,对受也厌离。由于厌离而离贪,由于离贪而解脱,当解脱的时候,他知道‘我对于取已经遍知了’。诸比丘,这就是为了遍知一切取的法。第八。
‘‘Sabbupādānapariññāya vo, bhikkhave, dhammaṃ desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sabbupādānapariññāya dhammo? Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso. Phassapaccayā vedanā. Evaṃ passaṃ , bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati, rūpesupi nibbindati, cakkhuviññāṇepi nibbindati, cakkhusamphassepi nibbindati, vedanāyapi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimokkhā ‘pariññātaṃ me upādāna’nti pajānāti. Sotañca paṭicca sadde ca uppajjati… ghānañca paṭicca gandhe ca… jivhañca paṭicca rase ca… kāyañca paṭicca phoṭṭhabbe ca… manañca paṭicca dhamme ca uppajjati manoviññāṇaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso. Phassapaccayā vedanā. Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako manasmimpi nibbindati , dhammesupi nibbindati, manoviññāṇepi nibbindati, manosamphassepi nibbindati, vedanāyapi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimokkhā ‘pariññātaṃ me upādāna’nti pajānāti. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sabbupādānapariññāya dhammo’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
2039. 第一一切取遍尽经
9. Paṭhamasabbupādānapariyādānasuttaṃ
61诸比丘,我将为你们说法,是为了灭尽一切取。你们要听。那么,诸比丘,什么是为灭尽一切取的法呢?以眼和色为缘,生起眼识。三者合在一起就是触,以触为缘而有受。诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样看的时候,对眼也厌离,对色也厌离,对眼识也厌离,对眼触也厌离,对受也厌离。由于厌离而离贪,由于离贪而解脱,当解脱的时候,他知道‘我对于取已经灭尽了’。……以舌和味为缘,生起舌识……以意和法为缘,生起意识。三者合在一起就是触,以触为缘而有受。诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样看的时候,对意也厌离,对法也厌离,对意识也厌离,对意触也厌离,对受也厌离。由于厌离而离贪,由于离贪而解脱,当解脱的时候,他知道‘我对于取已经灭尽了’。诸比丘,这就是为了灭尽一切取的法。第九。
‘‘Sabbupādānapariyādānāya vo, bhikkhave, dhammaṃ desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sabbupādānapariyādānāya dhammo? Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso. Phassapaccayā vedanā. Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati, rūpesupi nibbindati, cakkhuviññāṇepi nibbindati, cakkhusamphassepi nibbindati, vedanāyapi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimokkhā ‘pariyādinnaṃ me upādāna’nti pajānāti…pe… jivhañca paṭicca rase ca uppajjati jivhāviññāṇaṃ…pe… manañca paṭicca dhamme ca uppajjati manoviññāṇaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso. Phassapaccayā vedanā. Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako manasmimpi nibbindati, dhammesupi nibbindati, manoviññāṇepi nibbindati manosamphassepi nibbindati, vedanāyapi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimokkhā ‘pariyādinnaṃ me upādāna’nti pajānāti. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sabbupādānapariyādānāya dhammo’’ti. Navamaṃ.
20510. 第二一切取遍尽经
10. Dutiyasabbupādānapariyādānasuttaṃ
62诸比丘,我将为你们说法,是为了灭尽一切取。你们要听。那么,诸比丘,什么是为灭尽一切取的法呢?
‘‘Sabbupādānapariyādānāya vo, bhikkhave, dhammaṃ desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha . Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sabbupādānapariyādānāya dhammo’’?
207“诸比丘,你们怎么认为?眼是常的还是无常的?”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, cakkhu niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
208“是无常,尊者。”
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
209「无常,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
210“而凡是无常的,它是苦的,还是乐的呢?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
211'是苦,尊者。'
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
212「苦,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
213‘那么,凡是无常、苦、变易的东西,适合把它看作“这是我的,这是我,这是我的我”吗?’
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
214‘不,尊者,这是不合适的。’
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
215「不,尊者。」
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
216‘诸色……乃至……眼识是常还是无常?’
‘‘Rūpā…pe… cakkhuviññāṇaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
217“是无常的,大德。”……(对耳触等也是如此说。)
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’…pe….
218‘眼触是常还是无常?’
‘‘Cakkhusamphasso nicco vā anicco vā’’ti?
219“苦,尊者。”
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
220「无常的,尊者」……
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’…pe….
221“那么,这个以眼触为条件而生起的感受——乐的、苦的、或不苦不乐的——它是常的,还是无常的呢?”
‘‘Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
222‘无常,尊者。’……(省略)
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’…pe….
223“耳……鼻……舌……身……意……法……意识……意触……以及这个以意触为条件而生起的感受——乐的、苦的、或不苦不乐的——它是常的,还是无常的呢?”
‘‘Sotaṃ… ghānaṃ… jivhā… kāyo… mano… dhammā… manoviññāṇaṃ… manosamphasso… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā, tampi niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
224“是无常的,大德。”
‘‘Aniccaṃ , bhante’’.
225「无常的,尊者」。
‘‘Aniccaṃ , bhante’’.
226“那么,凡是无常的,是苦还是乐呢?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
227“是苦,尊者。”
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
228「苦,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
229“那么,凡是无常、苦、是变易之法的东西,适合去把它看成‘这是我的,我是这个,这是我的我’吗?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
230“这确实不适合,尊者。”
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
231「不也,尊者。」
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
232“诸比丘,当这样看时,多闻的圣弟子对眼也厌离,对诸色也厌离,对眼识也厌离,对眼触也厌离。凡是缘眼触而生起的感受,乐的、苦的或不苦不乐的,对它也厌离……他对舌也厌离,对诸味也厌离,对舌识也厌离,对舌触也厌离。凡是缘舌触而生起的……他对意也厌离,对诸法也厌离,对意识也厌离,对意触也厌离。凡是缘意触而生起的感受,乐的、苦的或不苦不乐的,对它也厌离。在厌离中,他离贪;由离贪,他得到解脱;在解脱中,生起‘已经解脱’的智。他遍知:‘生已尽,梵行已住,应作的已作,不再有这以下的状态。’诸比丘,这正是为了遍尽一切取着的法。”
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati, rūpesupi nibbindati, cakkhuviññāṇepi nibbindati, cakkhusamphassepi nibbindati. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati…pe… jivhāyapi nibbindati, rasesupi nibbindati, jivhāviññāṇepi nibbindati, jivhāsamphassepi nibbindati, yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati…pe… manasmimpi nibbindati, dhammesupi nibbindati, manoviññāṇepi nibbindati, manosamphassepi nibbindati. Yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, sabbupādānapariyādānāya dhammo’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
233它的摄颂是:
Tassuddānaṃ –
234无明品第六
Avijjāvaggo chaṭṭho.
235其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
236无明、结,两种,又以漏二种所说;
Avijjā saṃyojanā dve, āsavena duve vuttā;
237还有关于潜伏烦恼的两篇、遍知的两篇、灭尽的一篇。
Anusayā apare dve, pariññā dve pariyādinnaṃ;
238这一品以此而得名。
Vaggo tena pavuccatīti.
239第四品 生法品
4. Jātidhammavaggo
2407. 弥嘎加喇品
7. Migajālavaggo
2411. 第一鹿网经
1. Paṭhamamigajālasuttaṃ
63事情发生在沙瓦提城。那时,米加迦勒尊者来到世尊那里……坐在一旁。坐好后,米加迦勒尊者对世尊这样说:"大德,人们常提到'独处者、独处者'。大德,怎样才算是独处者,怎样又算是有同伴而住者呢?"
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Atha kho āyasmā migajālo yena bhagavā…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā migajālo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘‘ekavihārī, ekavihārī’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, ekavihārī hoti, kittāvatā ca pana sadutiyavihārī hotī’’ti?
243“弥迦迦罗,有眼所识知的色,这些色是合意的、可爱的、可悦的、令人喜爱的,伴随着欲乐,能引发贪染。如果一位比丘对此欣喜、欢迎、持续执取,那麼当他欣喜、欢迎、持续执取它时,就会生起喜悦。弥迦迦罗,我说:由喜悦集起,则有苦的集起。……(中略)……弥迦迦罗,有舌所识知的味……(中略)……弥迦迦罗,有意所识知的法,这些法是合意的、可爱的、可悦的、令人喜爱的,伴随着欲乐,能引发贪染。如果一位比丘对此欣喜、欢迎、持续执取,那麼当他欣喜、欢迎、持续执取它时,就会生起喜悦。弥迦迦罗,我说:由喜悦集起,则有苦的集起。”
‘‘Santi kho, migajāla, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato uppajjati nandī. Nandisamudayā dukkhasamudayo, migajālāti vadāmi…pe… santi ca kho, migajāla, jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe… santi ca kho, migajāla, manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato uppajjati nandī . Nandisamudayā dukkhasamudayo, migajālāti vadāmi.
244“然而,弥迦迦罗,有眼所识知的色,这些色是合意的、可爱的、可悦的、令人喜爱的,伴随着欲乐,能引发贪染。如果一位比丘对此不欣喜、不欢迎、不持续执取,那麼当他不欣喜、不欢迎、不持续执取它时,喜悦便息灭。弥迦迦罗,我说:由喜悦息灭,则有苦的息灭。……(中略)……弥迦迦罗,有舌所识知的味,这些味是合意的、可爱的……(中略)……弥迦迦罗,有意所识知的法,这些法是合意的、可爱的、可悦的、令人喜爱的,伴随着欲乐,能引发贪染。如果一位比丘对此不欣喜、不欢迎、不持续执取,那麼当他不欣喜、不欢迎、不持续执取它时,喜悦便息灭。弥迦迦罗,我说:由喜悦息灭,则有苦的息灭。”
‘‘Santi ca kho, migajāla, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ anabhinandato anabhivadato anajjhosāya tiṭṭhato nandī nirujjhati. Nandinirodhā dukkhanirodho, migajālāti vadāmi…pe… santi ca kho, migajāla, jivhāviññeyyā rasā iṭṭhā kantā…pe… santi ca kho, migajāla, manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ anabhinandato anabhivadato anajjhosāya tiṭṭhato nandī nirujjhati. Nandinirodhā dukkhanirodho, migajālāti vadāmī’’ti.
2452. 第二鹿网经
2. Dutiyamigajālasuttaṃ
64那时,尊者弥迦迦罗来到世尊那里……(中略)……在一旁坐下后,尊者弥迦迦罗对世尊这样说:“萨度!尊者,请世尊为我简要地开示法义,让我听闻世尊的法之后,能独自隐居,不放逸、热忱、坚定地安住。”
Atha kho āyasmā migajālo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā migajālo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti.
247"米加迦勒,确实存在能被眼识知的色,是合意的、可爱的、可悦的、令人喜爱的、能引发欲贪的、具有诱惑力的。如果一位比丘对此欢喜、欢迎、持续地执取,当他欢喜、欢迎、持续地执取时,喜悦就会生起。有喜悦在,就有了贪染;有贪染在,就有了束缚。米加迦勒,这种被喜悦的结缚所系缚的比丘,就称为'有同伴而住者'。米加迦勒,确实存在……能被舌识知的味,是合意的、可爱的、可悦的、令人喜爱的、能引发欲贪的、具有诱惑力的。如果一位比丘对此欢喜、欢迎、持续地执取,当他欢喜、欢迎、持续地执取时,喜悦就会生起。有喜悦在,就有了贪染;有贪染在,就有了束缚。米加迦勒,这种被喜悦的结缚所系缚的比丘,就称为'有同伴而住者'。米加迦勒,即便这样的比丘去亲近那些在森林、林野、边远处的住所,那里声音少、喧闹少,空旷无人,适合独处禅修;但他仍然被称为'有同伴而住者'。这是什么原因呢?因为他的贪爱就是他的同伴,这贪爱他还没有断除。因此,他被称为'有同伴而住者'。"
‘‘Santi kho, migajāla, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato uppajjati nandī . Nandiyā sati sārāgo hoti; sārāge sati saṃyogo hoti. Nandisaṃyojanasaṃyutto kho, migajāla, bhikkhu sadutiyavihārīti vuccati. Santi…pe… santi kho, migajāla, jivhāviññeyyā rasā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato uppajjati nandī. Nandiyā sati sārāgo hoti; sārāge sati saṃyogo hoti. Nandisaṃyojanasaṃyutto kho, migajāla, bhikkhu sadutiyavihārīti vuccati. Evaṃvihārī ca, migajāla, bhikkhu kiñcāpi araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevati appasaddāni appanigghosāni vijanavātāni manussarāhasseyyakāni paṭisallānasāruppāni; atha kho sadutiyavihārīti vuccati. Taṃ kissa hetu? Taṇhā hissa dutiyā, sāssa appahīnā. Tasmā sadutiyavihārī’’ti vuccati.
248"然而,米加迦勒,确实存在能被眼识知的色,是合意的、可爱的、可悦的、令人喜爱的、能引发欲贪的、具有诱惑力的。如果一位比丘对此不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续地执取,当他不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续地执取时,喜悦就熄灭了。没有喜悦,贪染就不存在;没有贪染,束缚就不存在。米加迦勒,这种从喜悦的结缚中脱离的比丘,就称为'独处者'。……米加迦勒,确实存在能被舌识知的味……米加迦勒,确实存在能被意识知的法,是合意的、可爱的、可悦的、令人喜爱的、能引发欲贪的、具有诱惑力的。如果一位比丘对此不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续地执取,当他不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续地执取时,喜悦就熄灭了。没有喜悦,贪染就不存在;没有贪染,束缚就不存在。米加迦勒,这种与喜悦的结缚彻底分离的比丘,就称为'独处者'。米加迦勒,即便这样的比丘住在村落附近,被比丘、比丘尼、在家男信众、在家女信众、国王、国王的大臣、外道、外道弟子们所围绕;然而,他仍然被称为'独处者'。这是什么原因呢?因为他的贪爱就是他的同伴,这贪爱他已经断除了。因此,他被称为'独处者'。"第一经。
‘‘Santi ca kho, migajāla, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ anabhinandato anabhivadato anajjhosāya tiṭṭhato nandī nirujjhati. Nandiyā asati sārāgo na hoti; sārāge asati saṃyogo na hoti. Nandisaṃyojanavisaṃyutto kho, migajāla, bhikkhu ekavihārīti vuccati…pe… santi ca kho, migajāla, jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe… santi ca kho, migajāla, manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ anabhinandato anabhivadato anajjhosāya tiṭṭhato nandī nirujjhati. Nandiyā asati sārāgo na hoti; sārāge asati saṃyogo na hoti. Nandisaṃyojanavippayutto kho, migajāla, bhikkhu ekavihārīti vuccati. Evaṃvihārī ca, migajāla, bhikkhu kiñcāpi gāmante viharati ākiṇṇo bhikkhūhi bhikkhunīhi upāsakehi upāsikāhi rājūhi rājamahāmattehi titthiyehi titthiyasāvakehi . Atha kho ekavihārīti vuccati. Taṃ kissa hetu? Taṇhā hissa dutiyā, sāssa pahīnā. Tasmā ekavihārīti vuccatī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
249那时,尊者弥迦迦罗对世尊所说的话欢喜、随喜之后,从座而起,向世尊作礼,右绕之后便离开了。然后,尊者弥迦迦罗独自隐居,不放逸、热忱、坚定地安住,不久之后,便亲自以实证知、现证、达到并安住于那个善男子们正确地由在家而出家的无上目标——梵行生活的究竟终点。他彻证了:‘生已灭尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有来生。’而尊者弥迦迦罗成为了阿拉汉之一。第二品。
Atha kho āyasmā migajālo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho āyasmā migajālo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharato nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro ca panāyasmā migajālo arahataṃ ahosīti. Dutiyaṃ.
2503. 第一三弥提魔问经
3. Paṭhamasamiddhimārapañhāsuttaṃ
65有一次,世尊住在王舍城的竹林栗鼠饲养园。那时,尊者三弥提来到世尊那里……(中略)……对世尊这样说:“尊者,人们说‘魔罗,魔罗’。那么,在什么情形下,尊者,才可说有魔罗,或者有魔罗的施设呢?”
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho āyasmā samiddhi yena bhagavā…pe… bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘‘māro, māro’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, māro vā assa mārapaññatti vā’’ti?
252“三弥提,哪里有眼,有色,有眼识,有眼识所识知的法,那里就有魔罗,或者有魔罗的施设。有耳,有声,有耳识,有耳识所识知的法,那里就有魔罗,或者有魔罗的施设。有鼻,有香,有鼻识,有鼻识所识知的法,那里就有魔罗,或者有魔罗的施设。有舌,有味,有舌识,有舌识所识知的法,那里就有魔罗,或者有魔罗的施设。有身,有触,有身识,有身识所识知的法,那里就有魔罗,或者有魔罗的施设。有意,有法,有意识,有意识所识知的法,那里就有魔罗,或者有魔罗的施设。”
‘‘Yattha kho, samiddhi, atthi cakkhu, atthi rūpā, atthi cakkhuviññāṇaṃ , atthi cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā, atthi tattha māro vā mārapaññatti vā. Atthi sotaṃ, atthi saddā, atthi sotaviññāṇaṃ, atthi sotaviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā, atthi tattha māro vā mārapaññatti vā. Atthi ghānaṃ, atthi gandhā, atthi ghānaviññāṇaṃ, atthi ghānaviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā, atthi tattha māro vā mārapaññatti vā. Atthi jivhā, atthi rasā, atthi jivhāviññāṇaṃ, atthi jivhāviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā, atthi tattha māro vā mārapaññatti vā. Atthi kāyo, atthi phoṭṭhabbā, atthi kāyaviññāṇaṃ, atthi kāyaviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā, atthi tattha māro vā mārapaññatti vā. Atthi mano, atthi dhammā, atthi manoviññāṇaṃ, atthi manoviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā, atthi tattha māro vā mārapaññatti vā.
253“而萨米提,在没有眼、没有色、没有眼识、没有眼识所认知的法的地方,那里就没有魔,也没有所谓魔的称呼。没有耳……没有鼻……没有舌、没有味道、没有舌识、没有舌识所认知的法,那里就没有魔,也没有所谓魔的称呼。没有身……没有意、没有法、没有意识、没有意识所认知的法,那里就没有魔,也没有所谓魔的称呼。” 第三经。
‘‘Yattha ca kho, samiddhi, natthi cakkhu, natthi rūpā, natthi cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, natthi cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā, natthi tattha māro vā mārapaññatti vā. Natthi sotaṃ…pe… natthi ghānaṃ…pe… natthi jivhā, natthi rasā, natthi jivhāviññāṇaṃ, natthi jivhāviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā, natthi tattha māro vā mārapaññatti vā. Natthi kāyo…pe…. Natthi mano, natthi dhammā, natthi manoviññāṇaṃ, natthi manoviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā, natthi tattha māro vā mārapaññatti vā’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
2544. 沙密地有情问经
4. Samiddhisattapañhāsuttaṃ
66“尊者,‘众生、众生’被这么说。尊者,到什么样的程度,才算是有众生,或有所谓众生的称呼呢?”……第四经。
‘‘‘Satto , satto’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, satto vā assa sattapaññatti vā’’ti…pe…. Catutthaṃ.
2565. 三弥提苦问经
5. Samiddhidukkhapañhāsuttaṃ
67“尊者,‘苦、苦’被这么说。尊者,到什么样的程度,才算是有苦,或有所谓苦的称呼呢?”……第五经。
‘‘‘Dukkhaṃ , dukkha’nti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, dukkhaṃ vā assa dukkhapaññatti vā’’ti…pe…. Pañcamaṃ.
2586. 三弥提世间问经
6. Samiddhilokapañhāsuttaṃ
68“尊者,‘世界、世界’被这么说。尊者,到什么样的程度,才算是有世界,或有所谓世界的称呼呢?萨米提,在有眼、有色、有眼识、有眼识所认知的法的地方,那里就有世界,也有所谓世界的称呼。……有舌……有意、有法、有意识、有意识所认知的法,那里就有世界,也有所谓世界的称呼。
‘‘‘Loko, loko’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, loko vā assa lokapaññatti vā’’ti? Yattha kho, samiddhi, atthi cakkhu, atthi rūpā, atthi cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, atthi cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā, atthi tattha loko vā lokapaññatti vāti…pe… atthi jivhā…pe… atthi mano, atthi dhammā, atthi manoviññāṇaṃ, atthi manoviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā, atthi tattha loko vā lokapaññatti vā.
260“而萨米提,在没有眼、没有色、没有眼识、没有眼识所认知的法的地方,那里就没有世界,也没有所谓世界的称呼。……没有舌……没有意、没有法、没有意识、没有意识所认知的法,那里就没有世界,也没有所谓世界的称呼。” 第六经。
‘‘Yattha ca kho, samiddhi, natthi cakkhu, natthi rūpā, natthi cakkhuviññāṇaṃ, natthi cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā, natthi tattha loko vā lokapaññatti vā…pe… natthi jivhā…pe… natthi mano, natthi dhammā, natthi manoviññāṇaṃ, natthi manoviññāṇaviññātabbā dhammā, natthi tattha loko vā lokapaññatti vā’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
2617. 伍巴谢那毒蛇经
7. Upasenaāsīvisasuttaṃ
69有一次,舍利弗尊者和优波先那尊者住在王舍城的清凉林、蛇头岩洞。那时,有一条毒蛇掉到了优波先那尊者的身上。于是,优波先那尊者招呼比丘们:“朋友们,来,把我这个身体抬到床上,搬到外面去。在这个身体就地散掉之前,就像一堆谷壳那样。”
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca upaseno rājagahe viharanti sītavane sappasoṇḍikapabbhāre. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmato upasenassa kāye āsīviso patito hoti. Atha kho āyasmā upaseno bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘etha me, āvuso, imaṃ kāyaṃ mañcakaṃ āropetvā bahiddhā nīharatha. Purāyaṃ kāyo idheva vikirati; seyyathāpi bhusamuṭṭhī’’ti.
263“不是的,尊者。”
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
264听到这话,舍利弗尊者便对优波先那尊者说:"可是我们确实没看到优波先那尊者的身体有什么变异,诸根有什么败坏啊。然而优波先那尊者却这样说:'贤友们,来吧,把我这个身体抬上床拿到外面去。在这个身体在这里散掉之前;就像一堆谷壳一样。'""贤友舍利弗,若有人真这么想——'我是眼'或'我的眼'……'我是舌'或'我的舌'……'我是意'或'我的意'——那么,贤友舍利弗,他的身体或许会有变异,诸根会有败坏。可是,贤友舍利弗,我并没有这么想:'我是眼'或'我的眼'……'我是舌'或'我的舌'……'我是意'或'我的意'。既然这样,贤友舍利弗,我的身体又怎么会有变异,诸根怎么会有败坏呢!"
Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ upasenaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘na kho pana mayaṃ passāma āyasmato upasenassa kāyassa vā aññathattaṃ indriyānaṃ vā vipariṇāmaṃ. Atha ca panāyasmā upaseno evamāha – ‘etha me, āvuso, imaṃ kāyaṃ mañcakaṃ āropetvā bahiddhā nīharatha. Purāyaṃ kāyo idheva vikirati; seyyathāpi bhusamuṭṭhī’’’ti. ‘‘Yassa nūna, āvuso sāriputta, evamassa – ‘ahaṃ cakkhūti vā mama cakkhūti vā…pe… ahaṃ jivhāti vā mama jivhāti vā… ahaṃ manoti vā mama manoti vā’. Tassa, āvuso sāriputta, siyā kāyassa vā aññathattaṃ indriyānaṃ vā vipariṇāmo. Mayhañca kho, āvuso sāriputta, na evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ cakkhūti vā mama cakkhūti vā…pe… ahaṃ jivhāti vā mama jivhāti vā…pe… ahaṃ manoti vā mama manoti vā’. Tassa mayhañca kho, āvuso sāriputta, kiṃ kāyassa vā aññathattaṃ bhavissati, indriyānaṃ vā vipariṇāmo’’ti!
265"确实是这样,优波先那尊者长久以来已经彻底拔除了我执、我所执、慢的随眠。因此,优波先那尊者不会这么想:'我是眼'或'我的眼'……'我是舌'或'我的舌'……'我是意'或'我的意'。"于是,那些比丘把优波先那尊者的身体抬到床上,搬到了外面。这时,优波先那尊者的身体就在那里散掉了,就像一堆谷壳一样。第七经。
‘‘Tathā hi panāyasmato upasenassa dīgharattaṃ ahaṅkāramamaṅkāramānānusayo susamūhato. Tasmā āyasmato upasenassa na evaṃ hoti – ‘ahaṃ cakkhūti vā mama cakkhūti vā…pe… ahaṃ jivhāti vā mama jivhāti vā…pe… ahaṃ manoti vā mama manoti vā’’’ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū āyasmato upasenassa kāyaṃ mañcakaṃ āropetvā bahiddhā nīhariṃsu. Atha kho āyasmato upasenassa kāyo tattheva vikiri; seyyathāpi bhusamuṭṭhīti. Sattamaṃ.
2668. 伍巴瓦那现见经
8. Upavāṇasandiṭṭhikasuttaṃ
70那时,优波摩那尊者来到世尊那里……坐在一边的优波摩那尊者对世尊说:"大德,人们说'法是现见的,法是现见的'。大德,怎么样才是法现见的、无间的、来见的、能引导的、智者各自证知的呢?"
Atha kho āyasmā upavāṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā upavāṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘‘sandiṭṭhiko dhammo, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti, akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti?
268"优波摩那,在这里,比丘用眼看到色之后,既体验到色,也体验到对色的贪。对于内心里对色的贪,他清楚地知道:'我心里有对色的贪。'优波摩那,凡是比丘用眼看到色之后,体验到色,也体验到对色的贪,并且对于内心里对色的贪,清楚地知道:'我心里有对色的贪'——到这个程度,优波摩那,法就是现见的、无间的、来见的、能引导的、智者各自证知的。……"
‘‘Idha pana, upavāṇa, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā rūpappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti rūparāgappaṭisaṃvedī ca. Santañca ajjhattaṃ rūpesu rāgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ rūpesu rāgo’ti pajānāti. Yaṃ taṃ, upavāṇa, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā rūpappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti rūparāgappaṭisaṃvedī ca. Santañca ajjhattaṃ rūpesu rāgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ rūpesu rāgo’ti pajānāti. Evampi kho, upavāṇa, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti…pe….
269"再者,优波摩那,比丘用舌尝到味之后,既体验到味,也体验到对味的贪。对于内心里对味的贪,他清楚地知道:'我心里有对味的贪。'优波摩那,凡是比丘用舌尝到味之后,体验到味,也体验到对味的贪,并且对于内心里对味的贪,清楚地知道:'我心里有对味的贪'——到这个程度,优波摩那,法就是现见的、无间的、来见的、能引导的、智者各自证知的。……"
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, upavāṇa, bhikkhu jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā rasappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti rasarāgappaṭisaṃvedī ca. Santañca ajjhattaṃ rasesu rāgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ rasesu rāgo’ti pajānāti. Yaṃ taṃ, upavāṇa, bhikkhu jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā rasappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti rasarāgappaṭisaṃvedī ca. Santañca ajjhattaṃ rasesu rāgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ rasesu rāgo’ti pajānāti. Evampi kho, upavāṇa, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti…pe….
270"再者,优波摩那,比丘用意认知到法之后,既体验到法,也体验到对法的贪。对于内心里对法的贪,他清楚地知道:'我心里有对法的贪。'优波摩那,凡是比丘用意认知到法之后,体验到法,也体验到对法的贪,并且对于内心里对法的贪,清楚地知道:'我心里有对法的贪'——到这个程度,优波摩那,法就是现见的、……智者各自证知的。……"
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, upavāṇa, bhikkhu manasā dhammaṃ viññāya dhammappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammarāgappaṭisaṃvedī ca. Santañca ajjhattaṃ dhammesu rāgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ dhammesu rāgo’ti pajānāti. Yaṃ taṃ, upavāṇa, bhikkhu manasā dhammaṃ viññāya dhammappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti dhammarāgappaṭisaṃvedī ca. Santañca ajjhattaṃ dhammesu rāgaṃ ‘atthi me ajjhattaṃ dhammesu rāgo’ti pajānāti. Evampi kho, upavāṇa, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti…pe… paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti…pe….
271是苦的,尊者。
‘‘Dukkhaṃ , bhante’’.
272优波瓦那,在这教法中,一位比丘以眼见色后,他体验色,却不体验对色的贪染。内心对色没有贪染时,他了知:‘我内心对色没有贪染。’优波瓦那,当比丘以眼见色后,体验色却不体验对色的贪染,内心对色没有贪染时,他了知:‘我内心对色没有贪染。’优波瓦那,就是这样,这法是现见的、即时的、来见的、导向的,是智者们各自应当亲知的。……(中略)
‘‘Idha pana, upavāṇa, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā rūpappaṭisaṃvedī ca hoti, no ca rūparāgappaṭisaṃvedī. Asantañca ajjhattaṃ rūpesu rāgaṃ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ rūpesu rāgo’ti pajānāti. Yaṃ taṃ, upavāṇa, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā rūpappaṭisaṃvedīhi kho hoti, no ca rūparāgappaṭisaṃvedī. Asantañca ajjhattaṃ rūpesu rāgaṃ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ rūpesu rāgo’ti pajānāti. Evampi kho, upavāṇa, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti, akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti…pe….
273再者,优波瓦那,一位比丘以舌尝味后,他体验味,却不体验对味的贪染。内心对味没有贪染时,他了知:‘我内心对味没有贪染。’……(中略)
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, upavāṇa, bhikkhu jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā rasappaṭisaṃvedīhi kho hoti, no ca rasarāgappaṭisaṃvedī. Asantañca ajjhattaṃ rasesu rāgaṃ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ rasesu rāgo’ti pajānāti…pe….
274再者,优波瓦那,一位比丘以意了知法后,他体验法,却不体验对法的贪染。内心对法没有贪染时,他了知:‘我内心对法没有贪染。’优波瓦那,当比丘以意了知法后,体验法却不体验对法的贪染,内心对法没有贪染时,他了知:‘我内心对法没有贪染。’优波瓦那,就是这样,这法是现见的、即时的、来见的、导向的,是智者们各自应当亲知的。第八经。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, upavāṇa, bhikkhu manasā dhammaṃ viññāya dhammappaṭisaṃvedīhi kho hoti, no ca dhammarāgappaṭisaṃvedī. Asantañca ajjhattaṃ dhammesu rāgaṃ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ dhammesu rāgo’ti pajānāti. Yaṃ taṃ, upavāṇa, bhikkhu manasā dhammaṃ viññāya dhammappaṭisaṃvedīhi kho hoti, no ca dhammarāgappaṭisaṃvedī. Asantañca ajjhattaṃ dhammesu rāgaṃ ‘natthi me ajjhattaṃ dhammesu rāgo’ti pajānāti. Evampi kho, upavāṇa, sandiṭṭhiko dhammo hoti, akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
2759. 第一六触处经
9. Paṭhamachaphassāyatanasuttaṃ
71“诸比丘,如果有哪位比丘不如实了知六触处的集起、消失、乐味、过患与出离,那么,他的梵行就没有真正完成,他离这个法、这个律还很远。”
‘‘Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, bhikkhu channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Avusitaṃ tena brahmacariyaṃ, ārakā so imasmā dhammavinayā’’ti.
277这番话说完后,有一位比丘对世尊这样说:“这里,尊者,我完全没了底气。因为尊者,我确实不如实了知这六触处的集起、消失、乐味、过患与出离。”
Evaṃ vutte, aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘etthāhaṃ, bhante, anassasaṃ panassasaṃ. Ahañhi, bhante, channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāmī’’ti.
278‘比丘,你认为如何,你是否将眼视为“这是我的,这是我,这是我的我”?’
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, bhikkhu, cakkhuṃ ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi , eso me attā’ti samanupassasī’’ti?
279「不,尊者。」
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
280“很好,比丘。那么,比丘,你对此应以正慧这样如实善见:‘眼——这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’这就是苦的尽头……你观察‘舌——这是我的,这我是,这是我的我’吗?”
‘‘Sādhu, bhikkhu, ettha ca te, bhikkhu, cakkhu ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhaṃ bhavissati. Esevanto dukkhassa…pe… jivhaṃ ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti samanupassasī’’ti?
281“不是的,尊者。”
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
282「不,尊者。」
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
283“很好,比丘。那么,比丘,你对此应以正慧这样如实善见:‘舌——这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’这就是苦的尽头……你观察‘意——这是我的,这我是,这是我的我’吗?”
‘‘Sādhu, bhikkhu, ettha ca te, bhikkhu, jivhā ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhaṃ bhavissati. Esevanto dukkhassa…pe… manaṃ ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti samanupassasī’’ti?
284“不是的,尊者。”
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
285「不是,大德。」
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
286“很好,比丘。那么,比丘,你对此应以正慧这样如实善见:‘意——这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’这就是苦的尽头。”第九经。
‘‘Sādhu, bhikkhu, ettha ca te, bhikkhu, mano ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhaṃ bhavissati. Esevanto dukkhassā’’ti. Navamaṃ.
287品目摄颂——
Tassa vagguddānaṃ –
28810. 第二六触处经
10. Dutiyachaphassāyatanasuttaṃ
72诸比丘,任何比丘如果不如实了知六触处的集起、灭去、乐味、过患与出离,他就没有完成这梵行,他远离这法、律。
‘‘Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, bhikkhu channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Avusitaṃ tena brahmacariyaṃ, ārakā so imasmā dhammavinayā’’ti.
290听他这么说,旁边一位比丘就对世尊讲:“说到这儿,世尊,我真是觉得透不过气儿来了。世尊,因为我确实还不明白这六触处的集起和消失,也不明白它们有什么甜头、有什么过患、又怎么从里头走出来。”
Evaṃ vutte, aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘etthāhaṃ, bhante, anassasaṃ panassasaṃ. Ahañhi, bhante, channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāmī’’ti.
291“比丘,你觉得怎么样?你有没有这样观察眼:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我’?”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, bhikkhu, cakkhuṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi , na meso attā’ti samanupassasī’’ti?
292“是的,尊者。”
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
293「是的,尊者。」
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
294“善哉,比丘。比丘,在这里,你将能以正慧如此正确地洞见、如实地看到这‘眼’:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我’。如此,这第一个触处,就会被你舍断,未来不再生起……”
‘‘Sādhu, bhikkhu, ettha ca te, bhikkhu, cakkhu ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhaṃ bhavissati. Evaṃ te etaṃ paṭhamaṃ phassāyatanaṃ pahīnaṃ bhavissati āyatiṃ apunabbhavāya…pe….
295“你有没有这样观察舌:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我’?”
‘‘Jivhaṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassasī’’ti?
296「是的,尊者。」
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
297“善哉,比丘!比丘,在此你若能这样以正慧如实善见舌:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我’,那么你的这第四触处就能被断除,未来就不会再有再生。……
‘‘Sādhu , bhikkhu, ettha ca te, bhikkhu, jivhā ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhaṃ bhavissati. Evaṃ te etaṃ catutthaṃ phassāyatanaṃ pahīnaṃ bhavissati āyatiṃ apunabbhavāya…pe….
298“你把意看作‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我’吗?”
‘‘Manaṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassasī’’ti?
299“是的,尊者。”
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
300「是的,尊者。」
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
301“善哉,比丘!比丘,在此你若能这样以正慧如实善见意:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我’,那么你的这第六触处就能被断除,未来就不会再有再生。”
‘‘Sādhu, bhikkhu, ettha ca te, bhikkhu, mano ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya sudiṭṭhaṃ bhavissati. Evaṃ te etaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ phassāyatanaṃ pahīnaṃ bhavissati āyatiṃ apunabbhavāyā’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
30211. 第三六触处经
11. Tatiyachaphassāyatanasuttaṃ
73“诸比丘,任何比丘若不如实了知六触处的集起、灭去、乐味、过患与出离,那么他的梵行就不曾成就,他就远离这法与律。”
‘‘Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, bhikkhu channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti. Avusitaṃ tena brahmacariyaṃ, ārakā so imasmā dhammavinayā’’ti.
304这么说时,某位比丘对世尊说:‘大德,我对这里还没有信心。大德,因为我不如实了知六触处的集起、灭去、乐味、过患与出离。’
Evaṃ vutte, aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘etthāhaṃ, bhante, anassasaṃ . Ahañhi, bhante, channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāmī’’ti.
305“比丘,那你怎么看?眼这个东西,是恒常的,还是无常的?”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, bhikkhu, cakkhu niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
306“是无常的,世尊。”
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
307「无常的,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
308“那么,凡是无常的,那是苦还是乐呢?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
309“是苦,世尊。”
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
310「是苦,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
311“那么,凡是无常的、苦的、变易之法,还适合这样看待它吗——‘这是我的,我是这个,这是我的我’?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
312「不,尊者。」
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
313“耳、鼻、舌、身、意是常的还是无常的呢?”
‘‘Sotaṃ… ghānaṃ… jivhā… kāyo… mano nicco vā anicco vā’’ti?
314“是无常的,尊者。”
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’.
315「无常的,尊者。」
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’.
316“那么,无常的是苦还是乐呢?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
317“是苦,尊者。”
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
318「苦,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
319“既然这个东西它无常、是苦、是会变坏的,那么,把它看成是‘这是我的,这就是我,这是我的自我’,这合适吗?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
320「不,尊者。」
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
321“比丘,当多闻的圣弟子这样观察时,他对于眼也厌离,对于耳也厌离,对于鼻也厌离,对于舌也厌离,对于身也厌离,对于意也厌离。厌离了就会离贪,离贪了便得解脱;解脱时,便生起‘解脱了’的智。他彻底了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有后有。’” 第十一经终。
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhu, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati, sotasmimpi nibbindati, ghānasmimpi nibbindati, jivhāyapi nibbindati, kāyasmimpi nibbindati, manasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti. Ekādasamaṃ.
322其摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
323鹿网品第七
Migajālavaggo sattamo.
324其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
325以鹿网宣说了两个,又有四个以沙弥提;
Migajālena dve vuttā, cattāro ca samiddhinā;
326优波先那、优波婆那,六触处有三经等。
Upaseno upavāṇo, chaphassāyatanikā tayoti.
327第八 病品
8. Gilānavaggo
328“无常的,尊者。”……(省略)
‘‘Aniccā, bhante’’…pe….
3298. 病品
8. Gilānavaggo
3301. 第一病经
1. Paṭhamagilānasuttaṃ
74故事发生在舍卫城。那时,有一位比丘去见世尊……在一旁坐下后,那位比丘对世尊说:“大德,在某间寺院里,有一位新出家的比丘,不太为人所知,他生病了,很痛苦,病得很重。萨度!大德,请世尊出于慈悲,去探望那位比丘吧。”
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘amukasmiṃ, bhante, vihāre aññataro bhikkhu navo appaññāto ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā yena so bhikkhu tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti.
332那时,世尊听到“新出家”和“生病”这两个词,明白“这位比丘并不出名”,于是就去见那位比丘。那位比丘远远看见世尊过来,便在床上挣扎着想坐起来。世尊对那位比丘说:“好了,比丘,你不用在床上挣扎。这里有铺好的座位,我就坐在那里吧。”世尊在铺好的座位上坐下。坐下后,世尊对那位比丘说:“比丘,你还能忍受吗?还能维持下去吗?你的痛苦感受是在减退,还是在加剧?是看得出在减退,还是在加剧呢?”
Atha kho bhagavā navavādañca sutvā gilānavādañca, ‘‘appaññāto bhikkhū’’ti iti viditvā yena so bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna mañcake samadhosi . Atha kho bhagavā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘alaṃ, bhikkhu, mā tvaṃ mañcake samadhosi. Santimāni āsanāni paññattāni, tatthāhaṃ nisīdissāmī’’ti. Nisīdi bhagavā paññatte āsane. Nisajja kho bhagavā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kacci te, bhikkhu, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti no abhikkamanti, paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no abhikkamo’’ti?
333“大德,我无法忍受,维持不下去了。我剧烈的痛苦感受在加剧,不是在减退;看得出是在加剧,不是在减退。”
‘‘Na me, bhante, khamanīyaṃ, na yāpanīyaṃ, bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti no paṭikkamanti, abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no paṭikkamo’’ti.
334“比丘,你没有什么后悔的吗?没有什么懊恼的吗?”
‘‘Kacci te, bhikkhu, na kiñci kukkuccaṃ, na koci vippaṭisāro’’ti?
335“确实,大德,我有不少的后悔,也有不少的懊恼。”
‘‘Taggha me, bhante, anappakaṃ kukkuccaṃ, anappako vippaṭisāro’’ti.
336“那么,比丘,你是不是在戒律方面责备自己呢?”
‘‘Kacci pana taṃ , bhikkhu, attā sīlato upavadatī’’ti?
337“尊者,我确实没有因为戒律而责备自己。”
‘‘Na kho maṃ, bhante, attā sīlato upavadatī’’ti .
338“比丘,如果你没有因为戒律而责备自己,那你为什么会后悔、为什么会不安呢?”
‘‘No ce kira te, bhikkhu, attā sīlato upavadati, atha kiñca te kukkuccaṃ ko ca vippaṭisāro’’ti?
339“尊者,我不是为了戒清净而了知世尊所教导的法。”
‘‘Na khvāhaṃ , bhante, sīlavisuddhatthaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī’’ti .
340“比丘,如果你不是为了戒清净而了知我所教导的法,那你究竟是为了什么目的而了知我所教导的法呢?”
‘‘No ce kira tvaṃ, bhikkhu, sīlavisuddhatthaṃ mayā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāsi, atha kimatthaṃ carahi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, mayā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāsī’’ti?
341“尊者,我是为了离贪而了知世尊所教导的法。”
‘‘Rāgavirāgatthaṃ khvāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī’’ti.
342“很好,很好,比丘!比丘,你能为了离贪而了知我所教导的法,实在很好。比丘,因为我所教导的法正是为了离贪。比丘,你觉得如何,眼是常的,还是无常的?”
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhu! Sādhu kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, rāgavirāgatthaṃ mayā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāsi. Rāgavirāgattho hi, bhikkhu, mayā dhammo desito. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi bhikkhu, cakkhu niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
343「无常,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
344“那么,耳……鼻……舌……身……意是常还是无常?”
‘‘Yaṃ…pe… sotaṃ… ghānaṃ… jivhā… kāyo… mano nicco vā anicco vā’’ti?
345“是无常的,大德。”
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’.
346「无常,尊者。」
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’.
347“那么,凡是无常的,它是苦的还是乐的呢?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
348“尊者,是苦的。”
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
349「尊者,是苦。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
350“既然是无常、苦、变易之法,把它视为‘这是我的,我是这个,这是我的我’——这样合适吗?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
351“这确实不合适,尊者。”
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
352「尊者,确实不适合。」
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
353“比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样观察时,他对眼也生起厌离……对意也生起厌离……对意识也生起厌离……对意触也生起厌离。凡是由意触作为缘而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,还是不苦不乐,他对这也生起厌离。生起厌离,他便离贪;经由离贪,他便解脱;在解脱之中,生起了‘已经解脱’的智慧。他如实了知:‘生已灭尽,梵行已立,应做已做,不再有从此处的轮回。’”
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhu, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati…pe… manasmimpi… manoviññāṇepi… manosamphassepi nibbindati. Yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti.
354世尊说了这些。那位比丘心中欢喜,随喜世尊的说话。而正当这番开示在宣说时,那位比丘的心没有执取,从诸漏中解脱了。这是第二部。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano so bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandi. Imasmiñca pana veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne tassa bhikkhussa anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimuccīti . Dutiyaṃ.
3552. 第二病经
2. Dutiyagilānasuttaṃ
75当时,有一位比丘……对世尊这样说:‘尊者,在某住处,有一位新出家的比丘,没人认识,生了病,痛苦、病得很重。萨度,尊者!恳请世尊出于悲悯,前往那位比丘那里。’
Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu…pe… bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘amukasmiṃ, bhante, vihāre aññataro bhikkhu navo appaññāto ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā yena so bhikkhu tenupasaṅkamatu anukampaṃ upādāyā’’ti.
357那时,世尊听了这‘新出家’的话,又听了‘生病’的话,知道‘比丘无人认识’后,就朝那位比丘那里走去。那位比丘远远看见世尊过来,看见后,便在床上挣扎着想坐起来。这时,世尊对那位比丘说:‘好了,比丘,你不要在床上挣扎了。这里铺设了这些座位,我就坐在那里。’世尊在铺设好的座位上坐下。坐好之后,世尊问那位比丘:‘比丘,你受得了吗?撑得住吗?苦受是在减退,而不是在加剧吗?减退的迹象显现出来,而不是加剧吗?’
Atha kho bhagavā navavādañca sutvā gilānavādañca, ‘‘appaññāto bhikkhū’’ti iti viditvā yena so bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami. Addasā kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna mañcake samadhosi. Atha kho bhagavā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘alaṃ, bhikkhu, mā tvaṃ mañcake samadhosi. Santimāni āsanāni paññattāni, tatthāhaṃ nisīdissāmī’’ti. Nisīdi bhagavā paññatte āsane. Nisajja kho bhagavā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kacci te, bhikkhu, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti no abhikkamanti, paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no abhikkamo’’ti?
358尊者,我受不了,撑不住。……不过,尊者,我于戒律方面,自己对自己无可指责。
‘‘Na me, bhante, khamanīyaṃ, na yāpanīyaṃ…pe… na kho maṃ , bhante, attā sīlato upavadatī’’ti.
359比丘,如果你自己确实没有从持戒的方面责备自己,那你还有什么焦躁和懊悔呢?
‘‘No ce kira te, bhikkhu, attā sīlato upavadati, atha kiñca te kukkuccaṃ ko ca vippaṭisāro’’ti?
360尊者,我不认为世尊讲的法是为了戒清净。
‘‘Na khvāhaṃ, bhante, sīlavisuddhatthaṃ bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī’’ti.
361比丘,如果你确实不认为我讲法是为了戒清净,那么比丘,你认为我讲法是为了什么目的呢?
‘‘No ce kira tvaṃ, bhikkhu, sīlavisuddhatthaṃ mayā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāsi, atha kimatthaṃ carahi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, mayā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāsī’’ti?
362尊者,我认为世尊讲法是为了无取著的般涅槃。
‘‘Anupādāparinibbānatthaṃ khvāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāmī’’ti.
363很好,很好,比丘!比丘,你正确地了解到,我讲法是为了无取著的般涅槃。比丘,我所讲的法,目的就是无取著的般涅槃。
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, bhikkhu! Sādhu kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, anupādāparinibbānatthaṃ mayā dhammaṃ desitaṃ ājānāsi. Anupādāparinibbānattho hi, bhikkhu, mayā dhammo desito.
364比丘,你怎么看,眼是常的还是无常的?
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, bhikkhu, cakkhu niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
365「无常,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ , bhante’’.
366“那么……意……意识……意触……由意触为缘而生起的感受——无论是乐、是苦、或不苦不乐——那些也是常的,还是无常的呢?”
‘‘Yaṃ…pe… sotaṃ… ghānaṃ… jivhā… kāyo… mano… manoviññāṇaṃ… manosamphasso… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
367“是无常的,尊者。”
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
368「无常的,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
369“那么,凡是无常的,它是苦的,还是乐的呢?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
370「是苦,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
371“凡是无常的、苦的、会变化的法,适合这样看待它吗:‘这是我的,这个我就是我,这个我是我’?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
372「不也,尊者。」
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
373比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样观察时,于眼也厌离,于耳也厌离……乃至于意也厌离。厌离者离贪;离贪而解脱;解脱时,‘解脱’之智便生起,他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有后有的状态了。’
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhu, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati, sotasmimpi nibbindati…pe… manasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti.
374世尊说了这些。那位比丘内心欢喜,随喜世尊所说。而就在宣说这段解说时,那位比丘生起了远尘离垢的法眼:‘任何集起之法,都是灭尽之法。’第一经终。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano so bhikkhu bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandi. Imasmiñca pana veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne tassa bhikkhuno virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi – ‘‘yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ.
3753. 拉德无常经
3. Rādhaaniccasuttaṃ
76那时,拉达尊者……站在一边之后,拉达尊者对世尊这样说:“萨度!尊者,请世尊简要地为我说法,让我听了世尊的法之后,能独自远离而住,精勤、热忱、下定决心。” “拉达,凡是无常的,在那里,你应该舍断欲贪。而拉达,什么是无常的,在那里,你应该舍断欲贪呢?眼是无常的;色是无常的;眼识……眼触……凡是由眼触作为缘而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,还是不苦不乐,那也是无常的。在那里,你应该舍断欲贪……舌……身……意是无常的。在那里,你应该舍断欲贪。法……意识……意触……凡是由意触作为缘而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,还是不苦不乐,那也是无常的。在那里,你应该舍断欲贪。拉达,凡是无常的,在那里,你应该舍断欲贪。”这是第三部。
Atha kho āyasmā rādho…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā rādho bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu , yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti. ‘‘Yaṃ kho, rādha, aniccaṃ tatra te chando pahātabbo. Kiñca, rādha, aniccaṃ tatra te chando pahātabbo? Cakkhu aniccaṃ , rūpā aniccā, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ… cakkhusamphasso… yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccaṃ. Tatra te chando pahātabbo…pe… jivhā… kāyo… mano anicco. Tatra te chando pahātabbo. Dhammā… manoviññāṇaṃ… manosamphasso… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccaṃ. Tatra te chando pahātabbo. Yaṃ kho, rādha, aniccaṃ tatra te chando pahātabbo’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
3774. 拉德苦经
4. Rādhadukkhasuttaṃ
77“拉达,凡是苦的,在那里,你应该舍断欲贪。而拉达,什么是苦的呢?拉达,眼是苦的。在那里,你应该舍断欲贪。色……眼识……眼触……凡是由眼触作为缘而生起的感受,无论是……还是不苦不乐,那也是苦的。在那里,你应该舍断欲贪……意是苦的……法……意识……意触……凡是由意触作为缘而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,还是不苦不乐,那也是苦的。在那里,你应该舍断欲贪。拉达,凡是苦的,在那里,你应该舍断欲贪。”这是第四部。
‘‘Yaṃ kho, rādha, dukkhaṃ tatra te chando pahātabbo. Kiñca, rādha, dukkhaṃ? Cakkhu kho, rādha, dukkhaṃ. Tatra te chando pahātabbo. Rūpā… cakkhuviññāṇaṃ… cakkhusamphasso… yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassa…pe… adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi dukkhaṃ. Tatra te chando pahātabbo…pe… mano dukkho… dhammā… manoviññāṇaṃ… manosamphasso… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi dukkhaṃ. Tatra te chando pahātabbo. Yaṃ kho, rādha, dukkhaṃ tatra te chando pahātabbo’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
3795. 拉德无我经
5. Rādhaanattasuttaṃ
78“拉达,凡是无我的,在那里,你应该舍断欲贪。而拉达,什么是无我的呢?拉达,眼是无我的。在那里,你应该舍断欲贪。色……眼识……眼触……凡是由眼触作为缘……意是无我的……法……意识……意触……凡是由意触作为缘而生起的感受,无论是乐、是苦,还是不苦不乐,那也是无我的。在那里,你应该舍断欲贪。拉达,凡是无我的,在那里,你应该舍断欲贪。”这是第五部。
‘‘Yo kho, rādha, anattā tatra te chando pahātabbo. Ko ca, rādha, anattā? Cakkhu kho, rādha, anattā. Tatra te chando pahātabbo. Rūpā… cakkhuviññāṇaṃ… cakkhusamphasso… yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā…pe… mano anattā… dhammā… manoviññāṇaṃ… manosamphasso… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi anattā. Tatra te chando pahātabbo. Yo kho, rādha, anattā tatra te chando pahātabbo’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
3816. 第一无明断除经
6. Paṭhamaavijjāpahānasuttaṃ
79那时,有一位比丘来到世尊那里……在一旁坐好后,那位比丘对世尊这样说:“尊者,到底有没有一个法,比丘舍断它之后,无明就被舍断了,明就生起了呢?”
Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘atthi nu kho, bhante, eko dhammo yassa pahānā bhikkhuno avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjatī’’ti?
383“比丘,确实有一个法,比丘断除它之后,无明就断除了,明就生起了。”
‘‘Atthi kho, bhikkhu, eko dhammo yassa pahānā bhikkhuno avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjatī’’ti.
384“尊者,那么,那一个法是什么呢?比丘断除它之后,无明就断除了,明就生起了?”
‘‘Katamo pana, bhante, eko dhammo yassa pahānā bhikkhuno avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjatī’’ti?
385“比丘,无明,就是这一个法,比丘断除它之后,无明就断除了,明就生起了。”
‘‘Avijjā kho, bhikkhu, eko dhammo yassa pahānā bhikkhuno avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjatī’’ti.
386“尊者,那么,比丘要怎样知、怎样见,无明才会被舍断,明才会生起呢?”
‘‘Kathaṃ pana, bhante, jānato, kathaṃ passato bhikkhuno avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjatī’’ti?
387“比丘,比丘把眼看作无常,这样知、这样见的时候,无明就被舍断了,明就生起了。把色……把眼识……把眼触……还有以眼触为条件而生起的感受——快乐的、痛苦的、不苦不乐的——也把那看作无常,这样知、这样见的时候,比丘的无明就被舍断了,明就生起了……把意看作无常,这样知、这样见的时候,比丘的无明就被舍断了,明就生起了。把法……把意识……把意触……还有以意触为条件而生起的感受——快乐的、痛苦的、不苦不乐的——也把那看作无常,这样知、这样见的时候,比丘的无明就被舍断了,明就生起了。比丘,就是这样知、这样见的时候,比丘的无明就被舍断了,明就生起了。”
第六经。
‘‘Cakkhuṃ kho, bhikkhu, aniccato jānato passato bhikkhuno avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjati. Rūpe… cakkhuviññāṇaṃ… cakkhusamphassaṃ… yampidaṃ, cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccato jānato passato bhikkhuno avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjati…pe… manaṃ aniccato jānato passato bhikkhuno avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjati. Dhamme… manoviññāṇaṃ… manosamphassaṃ… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccato jānato passato bhikkhuno avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, jānato evaṃ passato bhikkhuno avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjatī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
3887. 第二无明断除经
7. Dutiyaavijjāpahānasuttaṃ
80这时,有一位比丘……对世尊这样说:“尊者,有没有一个法,比丘断除它之后,无明就断除了,明就生起了呢?”
Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu…pe… etadavoca – ‘‘atthi nu kho, bhante, eko dhammo yassa pahānā bhikkhuno avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjatī’’ti?
390“比丘,是有的,有一个法,比丘舍断它之后,无明就被舍断了,明就生起了。”
‘‘Atthi kho, bhikkhu, eko dhammo yassa pahānā bhikkhuno avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjatī’’ti.
391“尊者,那哪一个法是比丘舍断它之后,无明就被舍断了,明就生起呢?”
‘‘Katamo pana, bhante, eko dhammo yassa pahānā bhikkhuno avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjatī’’ti?
392“比丘,无明就是那一个法,比丘舍断它之后,无明就被舍断了,明就生起了。”
‘‘Avijjā kho, bhikkhu, eko dhammo yassa pahānā bhikkhuno avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjatī’’ti.
393“尊者,那么,要怎样知、怎样见,才能无明断除、明生起呢?”
‘‘Kathaṃ pana, bhante, jānato, kathaṃ passato avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjatī’’ti?
394“比丘,在这教法中,比丘听闻到:‘一切法都不值得去执取。’比丘,比丘就是这样听闻到:‘一切法都不值得去执取。’他遍知一切法;遍知一切法后,他完全了知一切法;完全了知一切法后,他从别相观察一切相——从别相观察眼,从别相观察色……眼识……眼触……乃至以眼触为缘而生起的感受,乐、苦或不苦不乐,他也从别相观察它。……从别相观察意,从别相观察法……意识……意触……乃至以意触为缘而生起的感受,乐、苦或不苦不乐,他也从别相观察它。比丘,就是这样知、这样见的比丘,无明断除,明生起。”
‘‘Idha, bhikkhu, bhikkhuno sutaṃ hoti – ‘sabbe dhammā nālaṃ abhinivesāyā’ti. Evañcetaṃ, bhikkhu, bhikkhuno sutaṃ hoti – ‘sabbe dhammā nālaṃ abhinivesāyā’ti. So sabbaṃ dhammaṃ abhijānāti, sabbaṃ dhammaṃ abhiññāya sabbaṃ dhammaṃ parijānāti, sabbaṃ dhammaṃ pariññāya sabbanimittāni aññato passati, cakkhuṃ aññato passati , rūpe… cakkhuviññāṇaṃ… cakkhusamphassaṃ… yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aññato passati…pe… manaṃ aññato passati, dhamme… manoviññāṇaṃ… manosamphassaṃ… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aññato passati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, jānato evaṃ passato bhikkhuno avijjā pahīyati, vijjā uppajjatī’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
3958. 众多比丘经
8. Sambahulabhikkhusuttaṃ
81那时,众多比丘来到世尊那里……坐在一边。坐好后,那些比丘对世尊这样说:“尊者,在这里,其他外道的游行者们这样问我们:‘贤友们,你们在世尊乔达摩座下修习梵行,目的是什么呢?’尊者,当我们被这样问时,我们就这样回答那些其他外道的游行者:‘贤友们,是为了遍知苦,我们才在世尊座下修习梵行。’尊者,我们这样被问、这样回答,是否算是说了世尊所说的,没有用不实的话歪曲世尊,如法地作了符合法的回答,而且不会有任何如法的责难落到我们头上呢?”
Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘idha no, bhante, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā amhe evaṃ pucchanti – ‘kimatthiyaṃ, āvuso, samaṇe gotame brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’ti? Evaṃ puṭṭhā mayaṃ, bhante, tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ evaṃ byākaroma – ‘dukkhassa kho, āvuso, pariññatthaṃ bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’ti. Kacci mayaṃ, bhante, evaṃ puṭṭhā evaṃ byākaramānā vuttavādino ceva bhagavato homa, na ca bhagavantaṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhāma, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākaroma, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchatī’’ti?
397“比丘们,你们这样被问、这样回答,确实是说了我所说的,没有用不实的话歪曲我,如法地作了符合法的回答,而且不会有任何如法的责难落到你们头上。因为,比丘们,确实是为了遍知苦,才在我座下修习梵行。比丘们,如果那些其他外道的游行者又这样问你们:‘贤友们,为了遍知什么样的苦,你们才在世尊乔达摩座下修习梵行呢?’比丘们,当你们被这样问时,你们应该这样回答那些其他外道的游行者:‘贤友们,眼就是苦,为了遍知它,我们才在世尊座下修习梵行。色……乃至……缘于眼触而生起的感受,不论是乐、苦,还是不苦不乐,那也是苦,为了遍知它,我们才在世尊座下修习梵行……耳……鼻……舌……身……意就是苦……乃至……缘于意触而生起的感受,不论是乐、苦,还是不苦不乐,那也是苦,为了遍知它,我们才在世尊座下修习梵行。贤友们,就是为了遍知这种苦,我们才在世尊座下修习梵行。’比丘们,当你们被这样问时,你们就应该这样回答那些其他外道的游行者。”第八经。
‘‘Taggha tumhe, bhikkhave, evaṃ puṭṭhā evaṃ byākaramānā vuttavādino ceva me hotha, na ca maṃ abhūtena abbhācikkhatha, dhammassa cānudhammaṃ byākarotha, na ca koci sahadhammiko vādānuvādo gārayhaṃ ṭhānaṃ āgacchati. Dukkhassa hi, bhikkhave, pariññatthaṃ mayi brahmacariyaṃ vussati. Sace pana vo, bhikkhave, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ puccheyyuṃ – ‘katamaṃ pana taṃ, āvuso, dukkhaṃ, yassa pariññāya samaṇe gotame brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’ti? Evaṃ puṭṭhā tumhe, bhikkhave, tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ evaṃ byākareyyātha – ‘cakkhu kho, āvuso, dukkhaṃ, tassa pariññāya bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussati. Rūpā…pe… yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi dukkhaṃ. Tassa pariññāya bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussati…pe… mano dukkho…pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi dukkhaṃ. Tassa pariññāya bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussati. Idaṃ kho taṃ, āvuso, dukkhaṃ, tassa pariññāya bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’ti. Evaṃ puṭṭhā tumhe, bhikkhave, tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ evaṃ byākareyyāthā’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
3989. 世间问经
9. Lokapañhāsuttaṃ
82那时,某一位比丘来到世尊那里……坐在一边。坐好后,那位比丘对世尊这样说:
Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
400“尊者,人们说‘世界、世界’。到什么程度,才叫做圣者律中的‘世界’呢?”“阿难,凡是会坏灭的东西,这在圣者律中就叫做世界。那么阿难,什么东西是会坏灭的呢?眼是会坏灭的东西,色是会坏灭的东西,眼识是会坏灭的东西,眼触是会坏灭的东西,以此为缘所生的受,无论乐、苦或不苦不乐,那个也是会坏灭的东西……舌是会坏灭的东西,味是会坏灭的东西,舌识是会坏灭的东西,舌触是会坏灭的东西,以此为缘所生的受……那个也是会坏灭的东西……意是会坏灭的东西,法会坏灭的东西,意识是会坏灭的东西,意触是会坏灭的东西,以此为缘所生的受,无论乐、苦或不苦不乐,那个也是会坏灭的东西。阿难,凡是会坏灭的东西,这在圣者律中就叫做世界。”第一经。
‘‘‘Loko, loko’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, lokoti vuccatī’’ti? ‘‘Yaṃ kho, ānanda, palokadhammaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati ariyassa vinaye loko. Kiñca, ānanda, palokadhammaṃ? Cakkhu kho, ānanda, palokadhammaṃ, rūpā palokadhammā, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ palokadhammaṃ, cakkhusamphasso palokadhammo, yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā…pe… tampi palokadhammaṃ…pe… jivhā palokadhammā, rasā palokadhammā, jivhāviññāṇaṃ palokadhammaṃ, jivhāsamphasso palokadhammo, yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā…pe… tampi palokadhammaṃ…pe… mano palokadhammo, dhammā palokadhammā, manoviññāṇaṃ palokadhammaṃ, manosamphasso palokadhammo, yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi palokadhammaṃ. Yaṃ kho, ānanda, palokadhammaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati ariyassa vinaye loko’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
40110. 帕古那问经
10. Phaggunapañhāsuttaṃ
83那时,尊者拔古那……坐在一边。坐好后,尊者拔古那对世尊这样说:
Atha kho āyasmā phagguno…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā phagguno bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
403“尊者,有没有那样的眼,当有人想描述过去已经般涅槃的佛时——那些佛已经断除了戏论、断除了轮回之路、耗尽了轮回、超越了一切苦——他可以凭借那个眼来描述呢……尊者,有没有那样的舌,当有人想描述过去已经般涅槃的佛时——那些佛已经断除了戏论、断除了轮回之路、耗尽了轮回、超越了一切苦——他可以凭借那个舌来描述呢……尊者,有没有那样的意,当有人想描述过去已经般涅槃的佛时——那些佛已经断除了戏论、断除了轮回之路、耗尽了轮回、超越了一切苦——他可以凭借那个意来描述呢?”
‘‘Atthi nu kho, bhante, taṃ cakkhu, yena cakkhunā atīte buddhe parinibbute chinnapapañce chinnavaṭume pariyādinnavaṭṭe sabbadukkhavītivaṭṭe paññāpayamāno paññāpeyya…pe… atthi nu kho, bhante, sā jivhā, yāya jivhāya atīte buddhe parinibbute chinnapapañce chinnavaṭume pariyādinnavaṭṭe sabbadukkhavītivaṭṭe paññāpayamāno paññāpeyya…pe… atthi nu kho so, bhante, mano, yena manena atīte buddhe parinibbute chinnapapañce chinnavaṭume pariyādinnavaṭṭe sabbadukkhavītivaṭṭe paññāpayamāno paññāpeyyā’’ti?
404世尊,是无常的。
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
405帕辜那,并没有那个眼——那个所谓的'眼',谁想要用它来描述已经入灭的过去佛——那些已断除戏论、已断除轮回之路、已耗尽轮回、已超越一切苦的佛陀,那是不可能的……帕辜那,也没有那个舌——那个所谓的'舌',谁想要用它来描述已经入灭的过去佛——那些已断除戏论、已断除轮回之路、已耗尽轮回、已超越一切苦的佛陀,那是不可能的……帕辜那,也没有那个意——那个所谓的'意',谁想要用它来描述已经入灭的过去佛——那些已断除戏论、已断除轮回之路、已耗尽轮回、已超越一切苦的佛陀,那是不可能的。第十经。
‘‘Natthi kho taṃ, phagguna, cakkhu, yena cakkhunā atīte buddhe parinibbute chinnapapañce chinnavaṭume pariyādinnavaṭṭe sabbadukkhavītivaṭṭe paññāpayamāno paññāpeyya …pe… natthi kho sā , phagguna, jivhā, yāya jivhāya atīte buddhe parinibbute chinnapapañce chinnavaṭume pariyādinnavaṭṭe sabbadukkhavītivaṭṭe paññāpayamāno paññāpeyya…pe… natthi kho so, phagguna, mano, yena manena atīte buddhe parinibbute chinnapapañce chinnavaṭume pariyādinnavaṭṭe sabbadukkhavītivaṭṭe paññāpayamāno paññāpeyyā’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
406它的摄颂是:
Tassuddānaṃ –
407病品第八
Gilānavaggo aṭṭhamo.
408其摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
409由病者说了两篇,又由拉德说了另外三篇;
Gilānena duve vuttā, rādhena apare tayo;
410由无明说了两篇,比丘、世间,还有帕辜那。
Avijjāya ca dve vuttā, bhikkhu loko ca phaggunoti.
411第九 阐那品
9. Channavaggo
4129. 阐那品
9. Channavaggo
4131. 败坏法经
1. Palokadhammasuttaṃ
84在沙瓦提城的因缘。那时,具寿阿难来到世尊那里……坐在一边的具寿阿难对世尊这样说:
Sāvatthinidānaṃ. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
415“尊者,人们说‘世间、世间’。尊者,在什么意义上,才叫作‘世间’呢?” “比丘,因为它在破坏,所以叫作‘世间’。破坏什么呢?比丘,眼在破坏,色在破坏,眼识在破坏,眼触在破坏,缘于眼触而生起的感受,不论是乐、苦,还是不苦不乐,那也在破坏……舌在破坏……身……意在破坏,法在破坏,意识在破坏,意触在破坏,缘于意触而生起的感受,不论是乐、苦,还是不苦不乐,那也在破坏。比丘,因为它在破坏,所以叫作‘世间’。”第九经。
‘‘‘Loko, loko’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, lokoti vuccatī’’ti? ‘‘‘Lujjatī’ti kho, bhikkhu, tasmā lokoti vuccati. Kiñca lujjati? Cakkhu kho, bhikkhu, lujjati. Rūpā lujjanti, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ lujjati, cakkhusamphasso lujjati , yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi lujjati…pe… jivhā lujjati…pe… mano lujjati, dhammā lujjanti, manoviññāṇaṃ lujjati, manosamphasso lujjati, yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi lujjati. Lujjatīti kho, bhikkhu, tasmā lokoti vuccatī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
4162. 空世间经
2. Suññatalokasuttaṃ
85这时尊者阿难……对世尊这样说:“尊者,人们说‘空的世界、空的世界’。到什么程度,才叫做‘空的世界’呢?”“阿难,因为就‘我’或‘我的’而言它是空的,所以叫做空的世界。那么阿难,什么就‘我’或‘我的’而言是空的呢?眼,就‘我’或‘我的’而言是空的。色就‘我’或‘我的’而言是空的,眼识就‘我’或‘我的’而言是空的,眼触就‘我’或‘我的’而言是空的……以此为缘所生的受,无论乐、苦或不苦不乐,那个也就‘我’或‘我的’而言是空的。阿难,因为就‘我’或‘我的’而言它是空的,所以叫做空的世界。”第二经。
Atha kho āyasmā ānando…pe… bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘‘suñño loko, suñño loko’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, suñño lokoti vuccatī’’ti? ‘‘Yasmā ca kho, ānanda, suññaṃ attena vā attaniyena vā tasmā suñño lokoti vuccati. Kiñca, ānanda, suññaṃ attena vā attaniyena vā? Cakkhu kho, ānanda, suññaṃ attena vā attaniyena vā. Rūpā suññā attena vā attaniyena vā, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ suññaṃ attena vā attaniyena vā, cakkhusamphasso suñño attena vā attaniyena vā…pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi suññaṃ attena vā attaniyena vā. Yasmā ca kho, ānanda, suññaṃ attena vā attaniyena vā, tasmā suñño lokoti vuccatī’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
4183. 略说法经
3. Saṃkhittadhammasuttaṃ
86坐在一边的尊者阿难对世尊这样说:“萨度,尊者,愿世尊为我简略地开示法义。我听闻世尊的法义后,可以独自隐居,不放逸,精勤、有决心地安住。”
Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti.
420“阿难,你认为如何?眼是常的,还是无常的?”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, ānanda, cakkhu niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
421“是无常的,尊者。”
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
422「无常,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
423那么,无常的是苦,还是乐呢?
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
424世尊,是苦。
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
425「苦,大德。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ , bhante’’.
426那么,凡是无常的、苦的、会变坏的法,适合把它看作是“这是我的,我即是这个,这是我的自我”吗?
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
427这不适合,尊者。
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
428「不,尊者。」
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
429诸色是常的,还是无常的?
‘‘Rūpā niccā vā aniccā vā’’ti?
430是无常的,尊者。……
‘‘Aniccā, bhante’’…pe….
431「无常,大德。」……
‘‘Aniccā, bhante’’…pe….
432眼识……乃至……凡是缘于眼触而生的感受——乐的、苦的,或不苦不乐的——那也是常的,还是无常的?
‘‘Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ…pe… yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
433「无常,大德。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
434凡是无常的,是苦还是乐?
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
435苦,尊者。
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
436「苦,大德。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
437那么,对于无常、苦、会变坏的东西,还适合把它看成‘这是我的,我是这个,这是我的我’吗?
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
438世尊,这确实不合适……(经文省略)
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’…pe….
439舌是常的,还是无常的?
‘‘Jivhā niccā vā aniccā vā’’ti?
440「无常,尊者。」……
‘‘Aniccā, bhante’’…pe….
441“舌识……舌触……乃至……这由意触为缘而生起的乐受、苦受,或不苦不乐受,是常的还是无常的?”
‘‘Jivhāviññāṇaṃ… jivhāsamphasso…pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
442“尊者,是无常的。”
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
443「无常,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
444“那么,凡是无常的,是苦还是乐?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
445“是苦的,大德。”
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
446「尊者,是苦。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
447凡是无常、苦、变易的法,适合把它看成‘这是我的,我是这个,这是我的我’吗?
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
448“是无常的,大德。”
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
449“尊者,确实不是这样。”……(中略)……
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’…pe….
450“阿难,多闻的圣弟子这样观察的话,对眼也厌离……(中略)……对眼触也厌离……(中略)……对于以意触为缘而生起的感受——乐的、苦的或不苦不乐的,对此也厌离。厌离了便离贪;因离贪而解脱;解脱时,便有了‘已解脱’的智慧。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有后有的状态。’” 第三经。
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, ānanda, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati…pe… cakkhusamphassepi nibbindati…pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
4514. 阐那经
4. Channasuttaṃ
87有一次,世尊住在王舍城竹林园松鼠喂食处。那时,沙利子尊者、大纯陀尊者和阇那尊者正住在灵鹫山。当时,阇那尊者生了病,很痛苦,病得很重。那时,沙利子尊者在傍晚时分,从独处禅修中起来,前往大纯陀尊者那里。到了之后,对大纯陀尊者这样说:“来吧,纯陀学友,我们前往阇那尊者那里去探病。”大纯陀尊者回答沙利子尊者说:“好的,学友。”
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahācundo āyasmā ca channo gijjhakūṭe pabbate viharanti. Tena kho pana samayena yena āyasmā channo ābādhiko hoti dukkhito bāḷhagilāno . Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā mahācundo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahācundaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyāmāvuso cunda, yenāyasmā channo tenupasaṅkamissāma gilānapucchakā’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho āyasmā mahācundo āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosi.
453于是,沙利子尊者和大纯陀尊者就前往阇那尊者那里。到了之后,在铺设好的座位上坐下。坐下后,沙利子尊者对阇那尊者这样说:“阇那学友,您能忍受吗?过得去吗?痛苦的感受是在消退、不是在加剧吗?能看到它消退的趋势,不是在加剧吗?”
Atha kho āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahācundo yenāyasmā channo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdiṃsu. Nisajja kho āyasmā sāriputto āyasmantaṃ channaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kacci te, āvuso channa, khamanīyaṃ, kacci yāpanīyaṃ, kacci dukkhā vedanā paṭikkamanti no abhikkamanti, paṭikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no abhikkamo’’ti?
454“沙利子学友,我无法忍受,过不去。剧烈的痛苦感受在加剧,不是在消退。我只看到它加剧的趋势,看不到消退。学友,就像一个强壮的人,用锐利的铁锥猛钻头部;同样地,学友,猛烈的风钻着我的头。学友,我无法忍受,过不去……(中略)……看不到消退。学友,就像一个强壮的人,用坚硬的皮带紧紧缠绕头部;同样地,学友,我的头部有剧烈的头痛。学友,我无法忍受,过不去……(中略)……看不到消退。学友,就像一个熟练的屠夫或屠夫的徒弟,用锐利的杀牛刀剖开腹部;同样地,猛烈的风正剖着我的腹部。学友,我无法忍受,过不去……(中略)……看不到消退。学友,就像两个强壮的人,抓住一个较弱的人的两只手臂,在炭火坑上烧烤他、彻底地烧烤他;同样地,学友,我的身体里有剧烈的灼热感。学友,我无法忍受,过不去。剧烈的痛苦感受在加剧,不是在消退。我只看到它加剧的趋势,看不到消退。沙利子学友,我将拿刀结束生命,我不再期待活下去了。”
‘‘Na me, āvuso sāriputta, khamanīyaṃ na yāpanīyaṃ, bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti no paṭikkamanti, abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, āvuso, balavā puriso tiṇhena sikharena muddhani abhimattheyya ; evameva kho, āvuso, adhimattā vātā muddhani ūhananti . Na me, āvuso, khamanīyaṃ, na yāpanīyaṃ…pe… no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi , āvuso, balavā puriso daḷhena varattakkhaṇḍena sīse sīsaveṭhaṃ dadeyya; evameva kho, āvuso, adhimattā sīse sīsavedanā. Na me, āvuso, khamanīyaṃ , na yāpanīyaṃ…pe… no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, āvuso, dakkho goghātako vā goghātakantevāsī vā tiṇhena govikantanena kucchiṃ parikanteyya; evameva kho adhimattā vātā kucchiṃ parikantanti. Na me, āvuso, khamanīyaṃ, na yāpanīyaṃ…pe… no paṭikkamo. Seyyathāpi, āvuso, dve balavanto purisā dubbalataraṃ purisaṃ nānābāhāsu gahetvā aṅgārakāsuyā santāpeyyuṃ samparitāpeyyuṃ; evameva kho, āvuso, adhimatto kāyasmiṃ ḍāho. Na me, āvuso, khamanīyaṃ, na yāpanīyaṃ, bāḷhā me dukkhā vedanā abhikkamanti no paṭikkamanti, abhikkamosānaṃ paññāyati no paṭikkamo. Satthaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, āharissāmi, nāvakaṅkhāmi jīvita’’nti.
455“阇那尊者,请不要拿刀结束生命。阇那尊者,请您活下去,我们希望阇那尊者您活下去。如果阇那尊者缺少合适的食物,我会为阇那尊者寻找合适的食物。如果阇那尊者缺少合适的医药,我会为阇那尊者寻找合适的医药。如果阇那尊者缺少合适的侍者,我会来照顾阇那尊者。请不要拿刀结束生命。阇那尊者,请您活下去,我们希望阇那尊者您活下去。”
‘‘Mā āyasmā channo satthaṃ āharesi. Yāpetāyasmā channo, yāpentaṃ mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ icchāma. Sace āyasmato channassa natthi sappāyāni bhojanāni, ahaṃ āyasmato channassa sappāyāni bhojanāni pariyesissāmi. Sace āyasmato channassa natthi sappāyāni bhesajjāni, ahaṃ āyasmato channassa sappāyāni bhesajjāni pariyesissāmi. Sace āyasmato channassa natthi patirūpā upaṭṭhākā, ahaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ upaṭṭhahissāmi. Mā āyasmā channo satthaṃ āharesi. Yāpetāyasmā channo, yāpentaṃ mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ icchāmā’’ti.
456“无常的,尊者。”
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
457“舍利弗尊者,我并非没有合适的食物;我有合适的食物。我并非没有合适的医药;我有合适的医药。我并非没有合适的侍者;我有合适的侍者。不过,尊者,我长年都是以令人欢喜的方式,而不是以令人不欢喜的方式,去侍奉导师。因为,尊者,身为弟子,本就应当以令人欢喜的方式,而不是以令人不欢喜的方式去侍奉导师。‘车匿比丘将无可指责地结束自己的生命’——舍利弗尊者,你应当这样记着。”
‘‘Na me, āvuso sāriputta, natthi sappāyāni bhojanāni; atthi me sappāyāni bhojanāni. Napi me natthi sappāyāni bhesajjāni; atthi me sappāyāni bhesajjāni. Napi me natthi patirūpā upaṭṭhākā; atthi me patirūpā upaṭṭhākā. Api ca me, āvuso, satthā pariciṇṇo dīgharattaṃ manāpeneva, no amanāpena. Etañhi, āvuso, sāvakassa patirūpaṃ yaṃ satthāraṃ paricareyya manāpeneva, no amanāpena. ‘Anupavajjaṃ channo bhikkhu satthaṃ āharissatī’ti – evametaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, dhārehī’’ti.
458“我们想请问车匿尊者一些问题,如果车匿尊者愿意给机会回答的话。” “问吧,舍利弗尊者,我听了之后就会明白。”
‘‘Puccheyyāma mayaṃ āyasmantaṃ channaṃ kañcideva desaṃ, sace āyasmā channo okāsaṃ karoti pañhassa veyyākaraṇāyā’’ti. ‘‘Pucchāvuso sāriputta, sutvā vedissāmā’’ti.
459“车匿尊者,你是否把眼、眼识以及眼识所认知的法,看成‘这是我的,这是我,这是我的自我’?……你是否把舌、舌识以及舌识所认知的法,看成‘这是我的,这是我,这是我的自我’?……你是否把意、意识以及意识所认知的法,看成‘这是我的,这是我,这是我的自我’?”
‘‘Cakkhuṃ, āvuso channa, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti samanupassasi…pe… jivhaṃ, āvuso channa, jivhāviññāṇaṃ jivhāviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti samanupassasi…pe… manaṃ, āvuso channa, manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’ti samanupassasī’’ti?
460“舍利弗尊者,我把眼、眼识以及眼识所认知的法,看成‘这不是我的,这不是我,这不是我的自我’……我把舌、舌识以及舌识所认知的法,看成‘这不是我的,这不是我,这不是我的自我’……我把意、意识以及意识所认知的法,看成‘这不是我的,这不是我,这不是我的自我’。”
‘‘Cakkhuṃ, āvuso sāriputta, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmi…pe… jivhaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, jivhāviññāṇaṃ jivhāviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmi…pe… manaṃ, āvuso sāriputta, manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmī’’ti.
461“车匿尊者,关于眼、眼识以及眼识所认知的法,你见到了什么、证知了什么,从而把眼、眼识以及眼识所认知的法看成‘这不是我的,这不是我,这不是我的自我’?……关于舌、舌识以及舌识所认知的法,你见到了什么、证知了什么,从而把舌、舌识以及舌识所认知的法看成‘这不是我的,这不是我,这不是我的自我’?……关于意、意识以及意识所认知的法,你见到了什么、证知了什么,从而把意、意识以及意识所认知的法看成‘这不是我的,这不是我,这不是我的自我’?”
‘‘Cakkhusmiṃ, āvuso channa, cakkhuviññāṇe cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu kiṃ disvā kiṃ abhiññāya cakkhuṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassasi… jivhāya, āvuso channa, jivhāviññāṇe jivhāviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu kiṃ disvā kiṃ abhiññāya jivhaṃ jivhāviññāṇaṃ jivhāviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassasi… manasmiṃ, āvuso channa, manoviññāṇe manoviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu kiṃ disvā kiṃ abhiññāya manaṃ manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassasī’’ti?
462“舍利弗尊者,关于眼、眼识以及眼识所认知的法,我见到了它们的息灭,证知了它们的息灭,从而把眼、眼识以及眼识所认知的法看成‘这不是我的,这不是我,这不是我的自我’……关于舌、舌识以及舌识所认知的法,我见到了它们的息灭,证知了它们的息灭,从而把舌、舌识以及舌识所认知的法看成‘这不是我的,这不是我,这不是我的自我’……关于意、意识以及意识所认知的法,我见到了它们的息灭,证知了它们的息灭,从而把意、意识以及意识所认知的法看成‘这不是我的,这不是我,这不是我的自我’。”
‘‘Cakkhusmiṃ , āvuso sāriputta, cakkhuviññāṇe cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu nirodhaṃ disvā nirodhaṃ abhiññāya cakkhuṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmi…pe… jivhāya, āvuso sāriputta, jivhāviññāṇe jivhāviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu nirodhaṃ disvā nirodhaṃ abhiññāya jivhaṃ jivhāviññāṇaṃ jivhāviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmi…pe… manasmiṃ, āvuso sāriputta, manoviññāṇe manoviññāṇaviññātabbesu dhammesu nirodhaṃ disvā nirodhaṃ abhiññāya manaṃ manoviññāṇaṃ manoviññāṇaviññātabbe dhamme ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti samanupassāmī’’ti.
463听了这话,尊者摩诃准陀对尊者阐陀这样说:“所以,阐陀贤友,世尊的这段教导也应当常常用心好好思惟:‘依赖者会有动摇,不依赖者没有动摇。没有动摇时,就有寂静。有寂静时,就不会有偏向。没有偏向时,就不会有来去。没有来去时,就不会有死生。没有死生时,就既不在这个世界,也不在那个世界,也不在两者之间。这就是苦的尽头。’”
Evaṃ vutte, āyasmā mahācundo āyasmantaṃ channaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tasmātiha, āvuso channa, idampi tassa bhagavato sāsanaṃ niccakappaṃ sādhukaṃ manasi kātabbaṃ – ‘nissitassa calitaṃ, anissitassa calitaṃ natthi. Calite asati passaddhi hoti. Passaddhiyā sati nati na hoti. Natiyā asati āgatigati na hoti. Āgatigatiyā asati cutūpapāto na hoti. Cutūpapāte asati nevidha na huraṃ na ubhayamantarena. Esevanto dukkhassā’’’ti.
464那时,尊者舍利弗和尊者摩诃准陀用这些教诫教导了尊者阐陀之后,就从座位起身离开了。在那些尊者离开后不久,尊者阐陀就结束了生命。
Atha kho āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahācundo āyasmantaṃ channaṃ iminā ovādena ovaditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkamiṃsu. Atha kho āyasmā channo acirapakkantesu tesu āyasmantesu satthaṃ āharesi.
465那时,尊者舍利弗来到世尊那里。到了之后,向世尊礼敬,然后坐在一边。坐在一边的尊者舍利弗对世尊这样说:“尊者,阐陀尊者已经结束了自己的生命。他的趣向是什么?他来世的归宿是什么?”“舍利弗,阐陀比丘不是当面跟你表明了他自己是没有过失的吗?”“尊者,有个名叫弗婆提的跋耆村庄。在那里,阐陀尊者的朋友家庭、亲密伙伴家庭、有交往的家庭都在那里。”“舍利弗,阐陀比丘确实有这些朋友家庭、亲密伙伴家庭、有交往的家庭。但是,舍利弗,我并不是说有这些就说是有过失。舍利弗,凡是舍弃了这个身体,又去执取另一个身体的,我说那才是有过失。阐陀比丘没有这种情况。‘阐陀比丘是没有过失地结束了生命’──舍利弗,你应该这样理解。”第四经。
Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā sāriputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyasmatā, bhante, channena satthaṃ āharitaṃ. Tassa kā gati ko abhisamparāyo’’ti? ‘‘Nanu te, sāriputta, channena bhikkhunā sammukhāyeva anupavajjatā byākatā’’ti ? ‘‘Atthi, bhante, pubbavijjanaṃ nāma vajjigāmo. Tatthāyasmato channassa mittakulāni suhajjakulāni upavajjakulānī’’ti. ‘‘Honti hete, sāriputta, channassa bhikkhuno mittakulāni suhajjakulāni upavajjakulāni. Na kho panāhaṃ, sāriputta , ettāvatā saupavajjoti vadāmi. Yo kho, sāriputta, tañca kāyaṃ nikkhipati, aññañca kāyaṃ upādiyati, tamahaṃ saupavajjoti vadāmi. Taṃ channassa bhikkhuno natthi. ‘Anupavajjaṃ channena bhikkhunā satthaṃ āharita’nti – evametaṃ, sāriputta, dhārehī’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
4665. 本那经
5. Puṇṇasuttaṃ
88那时,尊者普纳来到世尊那里。到了之后……(中略)……坐在一边的尊者普纳对世尊这样说:“尊者,如果世尊能简要地为我教导教法就好了。听闻了世尊的教法后,我就可以独自隐居,不放逸、热忱、意志坚定地修习。”
Atha kho āyasmā puṇṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā puṇṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti.
468“普纳,存在着眼识所能认知的色,这些色是合意的、悦人的、可心的、讨人喜欢的、伴随着欲乐、能引发贪染的。如果比丘对于这些色欢喜、欢迎、沉迷执着,那么,欢喜、欢迎、沉迷执着的人,就会生起欢喜。普纳,我说:‘以欢喜的集起,就有苦的集起。’……普纳,存在着耳识所能认知的声……存在着鼻识所能认知的香……存在着舌识所能认知的味……普纳,存在着身识所能认知的触……普纳,存在着意识所能认知的法,这些法是合意的、悦人的、可心的、讨人喜欢的、伴随着欲乐、能引发贪染的。如果比丘对于这些法欢喜、欢迎、沉迷执着,那么,欢喜、欢迎、沉迷执着的人,就会生起欢喜。普纳,我说:‘以欢喜的集起,就有苦的集起。’”
‘‘Santi kho, puṇṇa, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato uppajjati nandī. ‘Nandisamudayā dukkhasamudayo, puṇṇā’ti vadāmi…pe… santi kho, puṇṇa, jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe… santi kho, puṇṇa, manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato uppajjati nandī. ‘Nandisamudayā dukkhasamudayo, puṇṇā’ti vadāmi.
469“普纳,存在着眼识所能认知的色,这些色是合意的、悦人的、可心的、讨人喜欢的、伴随着欲乐、能引发贪染的。如果比丘对于这些色不欢喜、不欢迎、不沉迷执着,那么,不欢喜、不欢迎、不沉迷执着的人,欢喜就会灭去。普纳,我说:‘以欢喜的灭尽,就有苦的灭尽。’……普纳,存在着耳识所能认知的声……存在着鼻识所能认知的香……存在着舌识所能认知的味……存在着身识所能认知的触……普纳,存在着意识所能认知的法,这些法是合意的、悦人的、可心的、讨人喜欢的、伴随着欲乐、能引发贪染的。如果比丘对于这些法不欢喜、不欢迎、不沉迷执着,那么,不欢喜、不欢迎、不沉迷执着的人,欢喜就会灭去。普纳,我说:‘以欢喜的灭尽,就有苦的灭尽。’”
‘‘Santi kho, puṇṇa, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati, tassa taṃ anabhinandato anabhivadato anajjhosāya tiṭṭhato nirujjhati nandī. ‘Nandinirodhā dukkhanirodho, puṇṇā’ti vadāmi…pe… santi kho, puṇṇa, manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati, tassa taṃ anabhinandato anabhivadato anajjhosāya tiṭṭhato nirujjhati nandī. ‘Nandinirodhā dukkhanirodho, puṇṇā’ti vadāmi.
470“无常的,尊者。”
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’.
471“富楼那,我用这简略的教导教导了你,你准备住在哪个地区呢?”“尊者,有个叫苏那巴兰他的地区,我要住在那里。”
‘‘Iminā tvaṃ , puṇṇa, mayā saṃkhittena ovādena ovadito katamasmiṃ janapade viharissasī’’ti? ‘‘Atthi, bhante, sunāparanto nāma janapado, tatthāhaṃ viharissāmī’’ti.
472“富楼那,苏那巴兰他的人很凶暴,富楼那,苏那巴兰他的人很粗野。富楼那,如果苏那巴兰他的人骂你、侮辱你,那时你会怎么想呢?”
‘‘Caṇḍā kho, puṇṇa, sunāparantakā manussā; pharusā kho, puṇṇa, sunāparantakā manussā. Sace taṃ, puṇṇa, sunāparantakā manussā akkosissanti paribhāsissanti, tatra te, puṇṇa, kinti bhavissatī’’ti?
473“尊者,如果苏那巴兰他的人骂我、侮辱我,那时我会这样想:‘这些苏那巴兰他人真是好人,真是善良的人,因为他们没有用手打我。’世尊,我会这样想;善逝,我会这样想。”
‘‘Sace maṃ, bhante, sunāparantakā manussā akkosissanti paribhāsissanti, tatra me evaṃ bhavissati – ‘bhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, subhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, yaṃ me nayime pāṇinā pahāraṃ dentī’ti. Evamettha , bhagavā, bhavissati; evamettha, sugata, bhavissatī’’ti.
474“那么,富楼那,如果苏那巴兰他的人用手打你,那时你又会怎么想呢?”
‘‘Sace pana te, puṇṇa, sunāparantakā manussā pāṇinā pahāraṃ dassanti, tatra pana te, puṇṇa, kinti bhavissatī’’ti?
475“尊者,如果苏那巴兰他的人用手打我,那时我会这样想:‘这些苏那巴兰他人真是好人,真是善良的人,因为他们没有用土块打我。’世尊,我会这样想;善逝,我会这样想。”
‘‘Sace me, bhante, sunāparantakā manussā pāṇinā pahāraṃ dassanti, tatra me evaṃ bhavissati – ‘bhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, subhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, yaṃ me nayime leḍḍunā pahāraṃ dentī’ti. Evamettha, bhagavā, bhavissati; evamettha, sugata, bhavissatī’’ti.
476“那么,富楼那,如果苏那巴兰他人用土块打你,那时你又会怎么想呢?”
‘‘Sace pana te, puṇṇa, sunāparantakā manussā leḍḍunā pahāraṃ dassanti, tatra pana te, puṇṇa, kinti bhavissatī’’ti?
477尊者,如果输那波兰多的人用土块打我,那时我会这样想:'这些输那波兰多的人真不错,这些输那波兰多的人实在太好了,他们没用棍子打我。'世尊,到那时我会这样想;善逝,到那时我会这样想。
‘‘Sace me, bhante, sunāparantakā manussā leḍḍunā pahāraṃ dassanti, tatra me evaṃ bhavissati – ‘bhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, subhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, yaṃ me nayime daṇḍena pahāraṃ dentī’ti . Evamettha, bhagavā, bhavissati; evamettha, sugata, bhavissatī’’ti.
478那么,分那,如果输那波兰多的人用棍子打你,分那,到那时你会怎么想?
‘‘Sace pana puṇṇa, sunāparantakā manussā daṇḍena pahāraṃ dassanti, tatra pana te, puṇṇa, kinti bhavissatī’’ti?
479尊者,如果输那波兰多的人用棍子打我,那时我会这样想:'这些输那波兰多的人真不错,这些输那波兰多的人实在太好了,他们没用刀砍我。'世尊,到那时我会这样想;善逝,到那时我会这样想。
‘‘Sace me, bhante, sunāparantakā manussā daṇḍena pahāraṃ dassanti, tatra me evaṃ bhavissati – ‘bhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, subhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, yaṃ me nayime satthena pahāraṃ dentī’ti. Evamettha, bhagavā, bhavissati; evamettha, sugata, bhavissatī’’ti.
480那么,分那,如果输那波兰多的人用刀砍你,分那,到那时你会怎么想?
‘‘Sace pana te, puṇṇa, sunāparantakā manussā satthena pahāraṃ dassanti, tatra pana te, puṇṇa, kinti bhavissatī’’ti?
481尊者,如果输那波兰多的人用刀砍我,那时我会这样想:'这些输那波兰多的人真不错,这些输那波兰多的人实在太好了,他们没拿利刃取我性命。'世尊,到那时我会这样想;善逝,到那时我会这样想。
‘‘Sace me, bhante, sunāparantakā manussā satthena pahāraṃ dassanti, tatra me evaṃ bhavissati – ‘bhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, subhaddakā vatime sunāparantakā manussā, yaṃ maṃ nayime tiṇhena satthena jīvitā voropentī’ti. Evamettha, bhagavā, bhavissati; evamettha, sugata, bhavissatī’’ti.
482那么,分那,如果输那波兰多的人拿利刃取你性命,分那,到那时你会怎么想?
‘‘Sace pana taṃ, puṇṇa, sunāparantakā manussā tiṇhena satthena jīvitā voropessanti, tatra pana te, puṇṇa, kinti bhavissatī’’ti?
483“尊者,如果西边日落那边的人用利刀夺走我的性命,到那时我会这样想:‘世尊的那些弟子,有的对这副身体和这条命感到羞愧、厌弃、恶心,甚至想找把刀。而我呢,连找都不用找,就已经得到这把刀了。’世尊,在那里我会这样面对;善逝,在那里我会这样面对。”
‘‘Sace maṃ, bhante, sunāparantakā manussā tiṇhena satthena jīvitā voropessanti, tatra me evaṃ bhavissati – ‘santi kho tassa bhagavato sāvakā kāyena ca jīvitena ca aṭṭīyamānā harāyamānā jigucchamānā satthahārakaṃ pariyesanti, taṃ me idaṃ apariyiṭṭhaññeva satthahārakaṃ laddha’nti. Evamettha, bhagavā, bhavissati; evamettha, sugata, bhavissatī’’ti.
484“很好,很好,普那!普那,你具备了这种调伏与寂止,确实能够在西边日落那个地区住下来。普那,现在你可以考虑启程的时间了。”
‘‘Sādhu sādhu, puṇṇa! Sakkhissasi kho tvaṃ, puṇṇa, iminā damūpasamena samannāgato sunāparantasmiṃ janapade vatthuṃ. Yassa dāni tvaṃ, puṇṇa, kālaṃ maññasī’’ti.
485那时,普那尊者对世尊的话感到欢喜,由衷赞同。他从座位上起身,向世尊恭敬行礼,右绕三匝,收拾好住处,带上钵和衣,朝着西边日落那边的地区出发游方。他一路渐次游历,来到了西边日落那个地区。就这样,普那尊者在那西边日落地区住了下来。就在那个雨季安居期间,普那尊者引导了大约五百位男居士证悟;就在那个雨季安居期间,引导了大约五百位女居士证悟;就在那个雨季安居期间,他亲身证得了三种明;就在那个雨季安居期间,他般涅槃了。
Atha kho āyasmā puṇṇo bhagavato vacanaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā senāsanaṃ saṃsāmetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena sunāparanto janapado tena cārikaṃ pakkāmi. Anupubbena cārikaṃ caramāno yena sunāparanto janapado tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ āyasmā puṇṇo sunāparantasmiṃ janapade viharati. Atha kho āyasmā puṇṇo tenevantaravassena pañcamattāni upāsakasatāni paṭivedesi . Tenevantaravassena pañcamattāni upāsikāsatāni paṭivedesi. Tenevantaravassena tisso vijjā sacchākāsi. Tenevantaravassena parinibbāyi.
486那时,好几位比丘一起走到世尊那里……(中略)……坐在一边。那些比丘对世尊说:“尊者,那位名叫普那的善男子,受了世尊简略的教诫教导,现在已经去世了。他去了哪里?来生如何?”
Atha kho sambahulā bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘yo so, bhante, puṇṇo nāma kulaputto bhagavatā saṃkhittena ovādena ovadito, so kālaṅkato. Tassa kā gati ko abhisamparāyo’’ti?
487“比丘们,善男子普那是位智者,他随法行法,并没有用那些法义的问题来烦扰我。比丘们,善男子普那已经彻底涅槃了。”第五篇。
‘‘Paṇḍito, bhikkhave, puṇṇo kulaputto , paccapādi dhammassānudhammaṃ, na ca maṃ dhammādhikaraṇaṃ vihesesi . Parinibbuto, bhikkhave, puṇṇo kulaputto’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
4886. 巴希亚经
6. Bāhiyasuttaṃ
89那时,巴希亚尊者走到世尊那里……(中略)……坐在一边。巴希亚尊者对世尊说:“尊者,请您用简略的方式为我说法。听了世尊的法之后,我会独自离开,安住于不放逸、热忱、自我策励之中。”
Atha kho āyasmā bāhiyo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā bāhiyo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti.
490是的,尊者。
‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’.
491“巴希亚,你认为眼是常还是无常?”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, bāhiya, cakkhu niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
492“无常,尊者。”
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
493「无常,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
494“那无常的,是苦还是乐呢?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
495“是苦,尊者。”
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
496「是苦,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
497“那么,凡是无常、苦、变易之法,适合这样认为——‘这是我的,这是我,这是我的我’吗?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
498「不也,尊者。」
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
499色是常的还是无常的?
‘‘Rūpā niccā vā aniccā vā’’ti?
500无常,尊者。……眼识……眼触……凡以意触为缘而生起的感受,不管是乐、苦还是不苦不乐,那也是常的还是无常的?
‘‘Aniccā, bhante’’…pe… cakkhuviññāṇaṃ…pe… cakkhusamphasso…pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
501无常,尊者。
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
502「无常,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
503“那么,凡是无常的,是苦还是乐呢?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
504“苦的,尊者。”
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
505「尊者,是苦。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
506“那凡是无常的、苦的、变易之法,把它看作‘这是我的,我即是这,这是我的我’,这合适吗?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
507“这确实不合适,大德。”
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
508「尊者,确实不适合。」
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
509“巴希亚,这样观察的时候,多闻的圣弟子对眼也厌离,对色也厌离,对眼识也厌离,对眼触也厌离……乃至以此意触为缘而生起的感受——乐的、苦的、或不苦不乐的,对此也厌离。厌离则离贪,离贪则解脱,于解脱便有‘已解脱’的智。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已住,应作已作,不再有此后有。’”
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bāhiya, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati, rūpesupi nibbindati, cakkhuviññāṇepi nibbindati, cakkhusamphassepi nibbindati…pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti.
510那时,巴希亚尊者对世尊所说欢喜、赞同,从座位上起身,向世尊礼敬,右绕之后离去。那时,巴希亚尊者独自隐退,不放逸、热忱、精勤而住,不久便亲自以殊胜智证得、现法获得并住于那善男子们正当地从在家而出家、所追求的无上梵行终极目标。他了知:“生已尽,梵行已住,应作已作,不再有此后有。”而巴希亚尊者成为阿拉汉之一。第六经。
Atha kho āyasmā bāhiyo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho āyasmā bāhiyo eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. ‘‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ , nāparaṃ itthattāyā’’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro ca panāyasmā bāhiyo arahataṃ ahosīti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
5117. 第一动摇经
7. Paṭhamaejāsuttaṃ
90“诸比丘,动是病,动是疮,动是箭。因此,诸比丘,如来无动而住,已拔箭。因此,诸比丘,若有比丘希望‘愿我无动而住,已拔箭’,他不应构想眼,不应在眼上构想,不应从眼构想,不应构想‘眼是我的’;不应构想色,不应在色上构想,不应从色构想,不应构想‘色是我的’;不应构想眼识,不应在眼识上构想,不应从眼识构想,不应构想‘眼识是我的’;不应构想眼触,不应在眼触上构想,不应从眼触构想,不应构想‘眼触是我的’。以此眼触为缘而生起的感受——乐的、苦的、或不苦不乐的,对此也不应构想,不应在这上面构想,不应从这里构想,不应构想‘这是我的’。
‘‘Ejā , bhikkhave, rogo, ejā gaṇḍo, ejā sallaṃ. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, tathāgato anejo viharati vītasallo. Tasmātiha , bhikkhave, bhikkhu cepi ākaṅkheyya ‘anejo vihareyyaṃ vītasallo’ti, cakkhuṃ na maññeyya, cakkhusmiṃ na maññeyya, cakkhuto na maññeyya, cakkhu meti na maññeyya; rūpe na maññeyya, rūpesu na maññeyya, rūpato na maññeyya, rūpā meti na maññeyya; cakkhuviññāṇaṃ na maññeyya, cakkhuviññāṇasmiṃ na maññeyya, cakkhuviññāṇato na maññeyya, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ meti na maññeyya; cakkhusamphassaṃ na maññeyya, cakkhusamphassasmiṃ na maññeyya, cakkhusamphassato na maññeyya, cakkhusamphasso meti na maññeyya. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi na maññeyya, tasmimpi na maññeyya, tatopi na maññeyya, taṃ meti na maññeyya.
513“不应构想耳……不应构想鼻……不应构想舌,不应在舌上构想,不应从舌构想,不应构想‘舌是我的’;不应构想味……不应构想舌识……不应构想舌触……以此舌触为缘而生起的感受——乐的、苦的、或不苦不乐的,对此也不应构想,不应在这上面构想,不应从这里构想,不应构想‘这是我的’。
‘‘Sotaṃ na maññeyya…pe… ghānaṃ na maññeyya…pe… jivhaṃ na maññeyya, jivhāya na maññeyya, jivhāto na maññeyya, jivhā meti na maññeyya; rase na maññeyya…pe… jivhāviññāṇaṃ na maññeyya…pe… jivhāsamphassaṃ na maññeyya…pe… yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi na maññeyya, tasmimpi na maññeyya, tatopi na maññeyya, taṃ meti na maññeyya.
514“不应构想身……不应构想意,不应在意上构想,不应从意构想,不应构想‘意是我的’;不应构想法……意……识……意触……以此意触为缘而生起的感受——乐的、苦的、或不苦不乐的,对此也不应构想,不应在这上面构想,不应从这里构想,不应构想‘这是我的’;不应构想一切,不应在一切上构想,不应从一切构想,不应构想‘一切是我的’。
‘‘Kāyaṃ na maññeyya…pe… manaṃ na maññeyya, manasmiṃ na maññeyya, manato na maññeyya, mano meti na maññeyya; dhamme na maññeyya…pe… mano viññāṇaṃ…pe… manosamphassaṃ…pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi na maññeyya, tasmimpi na maññeyya, tatopi na maññeyya, taṃ meti na maññeyya; sabbaṃ na maññeyya, sabbasmiṃ na maññeyya, sabbato na maññeyya, sabbaṃ meti na maññeyya.
515像这样不思量的人,在世间不执取任何东西。不执取,就不会战栗不安。不战栗不安,就自己证入般涅槃。他知道:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应做的已做,不再有来生。’第七。
‘‘So evaṃ amaññamāno na kiñcipi loke upādiyati. Anupādiyaṃ na paritassati. Aparitassaṃ paccattaññeva parinibbāyati . ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
5168. 第二动摇经
8. Dutiyaejāsuttaṃ
91比丘们,渴爱是病,渴爱是疮,渴爱是箭。所以,比丘们,如来无渴爱而住,拔除了箭。因此,比丘们,如果比丘心里希望:‘愿我无渴爱而住,拔除了箭’,那么,他就不应思量眼,不应在眼中思量,不应从眼思量,不应思量‘眼是我的’;不应思量色……不应思量眼识……不应思量眼触……对于以眼触为缘而生起的乐受、苦受或不苦不乐受,也不应思量它,不应在它当中思量,不应从它思量,不应思量‘它是我的’。因为,比丘们,他思量什么,在什么当中思量,从什么思量,思量‘那是我的’——那个东西就会变成别的样子。因为变易,这个攀附于有的世间就只欢喜有……(省略)。
‘‘Ejā , bhikkhave, rogo, ejā gaṇḍo, ejā sallaṃ. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, tathāgato anejo viharati vītasallo. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cepi ākaṅkheyya ‘anejo vihareyyaṃ vītasallo’ti, cakkhuṃ na maññeyya, cakkhusmiṃ na maññeyya, cakkhuto na maññeyya, cakkhu meti na maññeyya; rūpe na maññeyya… cakkhuviññāṇaṃ… cakkhusamphassaṃ… yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi na maññeyya, tasmimpi na maññeyya, tatopi na maññeyya, taṃ meti na maññeyya. Yañhi, bhikkhave, maññati, yasmiṃ maññati, yato maññati, yaṃ meti maññati, tato taṃ hoti aññathā. Aññathābhāvī bhavasatto loko bhavameva abhinandati…pe….
518不应思量舌,不应在舌中思量,不应从舌思量,不应思量‘舌是我的’;不应思量味……不应思量舌识……不应思量舌触……对于以舌触为缘而生起的乐受、苦受或不苦不乐受,也不应思量它,不应在它当中思量,不应从它思量,不应思量‘它是我的’。因为,比丘们,他思量什么,在什么当中思量,从什么思量,思量‘那是我的’——那个东西就会变成别的样子。因为变易,这个攀附于有的世间就只欢喜有……(省略)。
‘‘Jivhaṃ na maññeyya, jivhāya na maññeyya, jivhāto na maññeyya, jivhā meti na maññeyya; rase na maññeyya… jivhāviññāṇaṃ… jivhāsamphassaṃ… yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi na maññeyya, tasmimpi na maññeyya, tatopi na maññeyya, taṃ meti na maññeyya. Yañhi, bhikkhave, maññati, yasmiṃ maññati, yato maññati, yaṃ meti maññati, tato taṃ hoti aññathā. Aññathābhāvī bhavasatto loko bhavameva abhinandati…pe….
519不应思量意,不应在意中思量,不应从意思量,不应思量‘意是我的’……不应思量意识……不应思量意触……对于以意触为缘而生起的乐受、苦受或不苦不乐受,也不应思量它,不应在它当中思量,不应从它思量,不应思量‘它是我的’。因为,比丘们,他思量什么,在什么当中思量,从什么思量,思量‘那是我的’——那个东西就会变成别的样子。因为变易,这个攀附于有的世间就只欢喜有。
‘‘Manaṃ na maññeyya, manasmiṃ na maññeyya, manato na maññeyya, mano meti na maññeyya… manoviññāṇaṃ… manosamphassaṃ… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi na maññeyya, tasmimpi na maññeyya, tatopi na maññeyya, taṃ meti na maññeyya. Yañhi, bhikkhave, maññati, yasmiṃ maññati , yato maññati, yaṃ meti maññati, tato taṃ hoti aññathā. Aññathābhāvī bhavasatto loko bhavameva abhinandati.
520比丘们,凡是那些蕴、界、处,他也不应思量它们,不应在它们当中思量,不应从它们思量,不应思量‘那是我的’。他这样不思量,在世间不执取任何东西。不执取,就不会战栗不安。不战栗不安,就自己证入般涅槃。他知道:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应做的已做,不再有来生。’第八。
‘‘Yāvatā, bhikkhave, khandhadhātuāyatanā tampi na maññeyya, tasmimpi na maññeyya, tatopi na maññeyya, taṃ meti na maññeyya. So evaṃ amaññamāno na kiñci loke upādiyati. Anupādiyaṃ na paritassati. Aparitassaṃ paccattaññeva parinibbāyati. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
5219. 第一双经
9. Paṭhamadvayasuttaṃ
92比丘们,我将为你们讲说‘一对’。你们谛听。比丘们,什么是‘一对’?眼与色,耳与声,鼻与香,舌与味,身与触,意与法——比丘们,这就叫做‘一对’。
‘‘Dvayaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha. Kiñca, bhikkhave, dvayaṃ? Cakkhuñceva rūpā ca, sotañceva saddā ca, ghānañceva gandhā ca, jivhā ceva rasā ca, kāyo ceva phoṭṭhabbā ca , mano ceva dhammā ca – idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dvayaṃ.
523“诸比丘,如果有人这么说:‘我拒绝这个对组之后,会另外安立一个对组。’──这人所说只会是空话。被追问时,他答不上来,而且还会陷入更深的困扰。那是什么原因呢?诸比丘,因为那根本不在他的能力范围之内。” 第九经。
‘‘Yo, bhikkhave, evaṃ vadeyya – ‘ahametaṃ dvayaṃ paccakkhāya aññaṃ dvayaṃ paññapessāmī’ti, tassa vācāvatthukamevassa. Puṭṭho ca na sampāyeyya. Uttariñca vighātaṃ āpajjeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yathā taṃ, bhikkhave, avisayasmi’’nti. Navamaṃ.
52410. 第二双经
10. Dutiyadvayasuttaṃ
93“诸比丘,依对组而生起识。那么,诸比丘,识是怎么依对组而生起的呢?依眼和诸色,生起眼识。眼是无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。诸色也是无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。于是这个对组就是摇动的、颤动的、无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。眼识是无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。那让眼识生起的因、那个缘,那个因、那个缘也是无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。诸比丘,依着一个无常的缘而生起的眼识,又怎么会是常的呢?诸比丘,这三样东西的和合、聚集、碰在一起,就叫作眼触。眼触也是无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。那让眼触生起的因、那个缘,那个因、那个缘也是无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。诸比丘,依着一个无常的缘而生起的眼触,又怎么会是常的呢?诸比丘,在接触时,感受就发生;在接触时,思惟就发生;在接触时,认知就发生。这些法同样是摇动的、颤动的、无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。对耳……(略)。
‘‘Dvayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭicca viññāṇaṃ sambhoti. Kathañca, bhikkhave, dvayaṃ paṭicca viññāṇaṃ sambhoti? Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ. Cakkhu aniccaṃ vipariṇāmi aññathābhāvi. Rūpā aniccā vipariṇāmino aññathābhāvino. Itthetaṃ dvayaṃ calañceva byathañca aniccaṃ vipariṇāmi aññathābhāvi. Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ vipariṇāmi aññathābhāvi. Yopi hetu yopi paccayo cakkhuviññāṇassa uppādāya, sopi hetu sopi paccayo anicco vipariṇāmī aññathābhāvī. Aniccaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, paccayaṃ paṭicca uppannaṃ cakkhuviññāṇaṃ kuto niccaṃ bhavissati! Yā kho, bhikkhave, imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ dhammānaṃ saṅgati sannipāto samavāyo, ayaṃ vuccati cakkhusamphasso. Cakkhusamphassopi anicco vipariṇāmī aññathābhāvī. Yopi hetu yopi paccayo cakkhusamphassassa uppādāya, sopi hetu sopi paccayo anicco vipariṇāmī aññathābhāvī. Aniccaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, paccayaṃ paṭicca uppanno cakkhusamphasso kuto nicco bhavissati! Phuṭṭho , bhikkhave, vedeti, phuṭṭho ceteti, phuṭṭho sañjānāti. Itthetepi dhammā calā ceva byathā ca aniccā vipariṇāmino aññathābhāvino. Sotaṃ…pe….
526“依舌和诸味,生起舌识。舌是无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。诸味也是无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。于是这个对组就是摇动的、颤动的、无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。舌识是无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。那让舌识生起的因、那个缘,那个因、那个缘也是无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。诸比丘,依着一个无常的缘而生起的舌识,又怎么会是常的呢?诸比丘,这三样东西的和合、聚集、碰在一起,就叫作舌触。舌触也是无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。那让舌触生起的因、那个缘,那个因、那个缘也是无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。诸比丘,依着一个无常的缘而生起的舌触,又怎么会是常的呢?诸比丘,在接触时,感受就发生;在接触时,思惟就发生;在接触时,认知就发生。这些法同样是摇动的、颤动的、无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。对身……(略)。
‘‘Jivhañca paṭicca rase ca uppajjati jivhāviññāṇaṃ. Jivhā aniccā vipariṇāmī aññathābhāvī . Rasā aniccā vipariṇāmino aññathābhāvino. Itthetaṃ dvayaṃ calañceva byathañca aniccaṃ vipariṇāmi aññathābhāvi. Jivhāviññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ vipariṇāmi aññathābhāvi. Yopi hetu yopi paccayo jivhāviññāṇassa uppādāya , sopi hetu sopi paccayo anicco vipariṇāmī aññathābhāvī. Aniccaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, paccayaṃ paṭicca uppannaṃ jivhāviññāṇaṃ, kuto niccaṃ bhavissati! Yā kho, bhikkhave, imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ dhammānaṃ saṅgati sannipāto samavāyo, ayaṃ vuccati jivhāsamphasso. Jivhāsamphassopi anicco vipariṇāmī aññathābhāvī. Yopi hetu yopi paccayo jivhāsamphassassa uppādāya, sopi hetu sopi paccayo anicco vipariṇāmī aññathābhāvī. Aniccaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, paccayaṃ paṭicca uppanno jivhāsamphasso, kuto nicco bhavissati! Phuṭṭho, bhikkhave, vedeti, phuṭṭho ceteti, phuṭṭho sañjānāti. Itthetepi dhammā calā ceva byathā ca aniccā vipariṇāmino aññathābhāvino. Kāyaṃ…pe….
527“依意和诸法,生起意识。意是无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。诸法也是无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。于是这个对组就是摇动的、颤动的、无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。意识是无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。那让意识生起的因、那个缘,那个因、那个缘也是无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。诸比丘,依着一个无常的缘而生起的意识,又怎么会是常的呢?诸比丘,这三样东西的和合、聚集、碰在一起,就叫作意触。意触也是无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。那让意触生起的因、那个缘,那个因、那个缘也是无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。诸比丘,依着一个无常的缘而生起的意触,又怎么会是常的呢?诸比丘,在接触时,感受就发生;在接触时,思惟就发生;在接触时,认知就发生。这些法同样是摇动的、颤动的、无常的、会改变、会变成别的样子。诸比丘,就是这样,依对组而生起识。” 第十经。
‘‘Manañca paṭicca dhamme ca uppajjati manoviññāṇaṃ. Mano anicco vipariṇāmī aññathābhāvī. Dhammā aniccā vipariṇāmino aññathābhāvino. Itthetaṃ dvayaṃ calañceva byathañca aniccaṃ vipariṇāmi aññathābhāvi. Manoviññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ vipariṇāmi aññathābhāvi. Yopi hetu yopi paccayo manoviññāṇassa uppādāya, sopi hetu sopi paccayo anicco vipariṇāmī aññathābhāvī. Aniccaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, paccayaṃ paṭicca uppannaṃ manoviññāṇaṃ, kuto niccaṃ bhavissati! Yā kho, bhikkhave, imesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ dhammānaṃ saṅgati sannipāto samavāyo, ayaṃ vuccati manosamphasso. Manosamphassopi anicco vipariṇāmī aññathābhāvī. Yopi hetu yopi paccayo manosamphassassa uppādāya, sopi hetu sopi paccayo anicco vipariṇāmī aññathābhāvī. Aniccaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, paccayaṃ paṭicca uppanno manosamphasso, kuto nicco bhavissati! Phuṭṭho, bhikkhave, vedeti, phuṭṭho ceteti, phuṭṭho sañjānāti. Itthetepi dhammā calā ceva byathā ca aniccā vipariṇāmino aññathābhāvino. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, dvayaṃ paṭicca viññāṇaṃ sambhotī’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
528它的摄颂是:
Tassuddānaṃ –
529阐那品第九
Channavaggo navamo.
530其摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
531崩坏、空、简要,阐那、富楼那和跋希亚;
Palokasuññā saṃkhittaṃ, channo puṇṇo ca bāhiyo;
532关于‘一’和‘四’,已由两种方式说明;另外两种则用二种方式说了。
Ejena ca duve vuttā, dvayehi apare duveti.
533第十品 六处品
10. Saḷavaggo
534第十 六品
10. Saḷavaggo
5351. 不调御不守护经
1. Adantaaguttasuttaṃ
94背景在沙瓦提城。“诸比丘,有这六种触处,未被调伏、未被守护、未被保护、未被摄护时,是带来苦的。哪六种呢?诸比丘,眼触处未被调伏、未被守护、未被保护、未被摄护时,是带来苦的。……诸比丘,舌触处未被调伏、未被守护、未被保护、未被摄护时,是带来苦的。……诸比丘,意触处未被调伏、未被守护、未被保护、未被摄护时,是带来苦的。诸比丘,这六种触处,当它们未被调伏、未被守护、未被保护、未被摄护时,就是带来苦的。”
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . ‘‘Chayime , bhikkhave, phassāyatanā adantā aguttā arakkhitā asaṃvutā dukkhādhivāhā honti. Katame cha? Cakkhu, bhikkhave, phassāyatanaṃ adantaṃ aguttaṃ arakkhitaṃ asaṃvutaṃ dukkhādhivāhaṃ hoti…pe… jivhā, bhikkhave, phassāyatanaṃ adantaṃ aguttaṃ arakkhitaṃ asaṃvutaṃ dukkhādhivāhaṃ hoti…pe… mano, bhikkhave, phassāyatanaṃ adantaṃ aguttaṃ arakkhitaṃ asaṃvutaṃ dukkhādhivāhaṃ hoti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cha phassāyatanā adantā aguttā arakkhitā asaṃvutā dukkhādhivāhā honti’’.
537“诸比丘,有这六种触处,被善加调伏、被妥善守护、被好好保护、被善加摄护时,是带来乐的。哪六种呢?诸比丘,眼触处被善加调伏、被妥善守护、被好好保护、被善加摄护时,是带来乐的。……诸比丘,舌触处被善加调伏、被妥善守护、被好好保护、被善加摄护时,是带来乐的。……诸比丘,意触处被善加调伏、被妥善守护、被好好保护、被善加摄护时,是带来乐的。诸比丘,这六种触处,当它们被善加调伏、被妥善守护、被好好保护、被善加摄护时,就是带来乐的。”这是世尊所说。……这是导师所说——
‘‘Chayime, bhikkhave, phassāyatanā sudantā suguttā surakkhitā susaṃvutā sukhādhivāhā honti. Katame cha? Cakkhu, bhikkhave, phassāyatanaṃ sudantaṃ suguttaṃ surakkhitaṃ susaṃvutaṃ sukhādhivāhaṃ hoti…pe… jivhā, bhikkhave, phassāyatanaṃ sudantaṃ suguttaṃ surakkhitaṃ susaṃvutaṃ sukhādhivāhaṃ hoti…pe… mano, bhikkhave, phassāyatanaṃ sudantaṃ suguttaṃ surakkhitaṃ susaṃvutaṃ sukhādhivāhaṃ hoti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cha phassāyatanā sudantā suguttā surakkhitā susaṃvutā sukhādhivāhā hontī’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā…pe… etadavoca satthā –
538“比丘们,这六种触处,
‘‘Saḷeva phassāyatanāni bhikkhavo,
539若未被摄护,在那里就会招致苦;
Asaṃvuto yattha dukkhaṃ nigacchati;
540而对于那些了知防护的人,
Tesañca ye saṃvaraṇaṃ avedisuṃ,
541他们以信为伴侣,住于无漏。
Saddhādutiyā viharantānavassutā.
542看见适意的色,
‘‘Disvāna rūpāni manoramāni,
543以及看见不适意的色;
Athopi disvāna amanoramāni;
544对于适意的,应去除贪欲之道,
Manorame rāgapathaṃ vinodaye,
545也不要想着‘这声音真刺耳’而让自己的心生起反感。
Na cāppiyaṃ meti manaṃ padosaye.
546听到了声音,无论它是悦耳还是不悦耳的,
‘‘Saddañca sutvā dubhayaṃ piyāppiyaṃ,
547对于悦耳的声音,不应生起迷恋;
Piyamhi sadde na samucchito siyā;
548对于不悦耳的声音,要去除内心的嗔恨,
Athoppiye dosagataṃ vinodaye,
549也不要因‘这是不可意的’而扰乱心。
Na cāppiyaṃ meti manaṃ padosaye.
550『无常,尊者。』……
‘‘Aniccā, bhante’’…pe….
551闻到了气味,不论是芬芳、令人愉快的,
‘‘Gandhañca ghatvā surabhiṃ manoramaṃ,
552还是闻到了不净、令人厌恶的气味;
Athopi ghatvā asuciṃ akantiyaṃ;
553对于不可爱的对象,应当消除反感,
Akantiyasmiṃ paṭighaṃ vinodaye,
554不应被欲贪牵引,也不对可爱的东西生出贪爱。
Chandānunīto na ca kantiye siyā.
555品尝味道时,即使是未曾尝过的美味,
‘‘Rasañca bhotvāna asāditañca sāduṃ,
556有时候也会尝到不可口的味道;
Athopi bhotvāna asādumekadā;
557品尝美味不应带着执取去享用,
Sāduṃ rasaṃ nājjhosāya bhuñje,
558遇到不可口的,也不应表现出违逆对立。
Virodhamāsādusu nopadaṃsaye.
559被触所触碰时,不陷入狂喜,
‘‘Phassena phuṭṭho na sukhena majje ,
560被苦触碰时,也不悲恸;
Dukkhena phuṭṭhopi na sampavedhe;
561对苦乐二触保持平衡,
Phassadvayaṃ sukhadukkhe upekkhe,
562对任何事物不执着,也不排斥。
Anānuruddho aviruddha kenaci.
563凡夫们怀揣着种种戏论之想,
‘‘Papañcasaññā itarītarā narā,
564他们攀附戏论,沉溺在想蕴之中;
Papañcayantā upayanti saññino;
565一切由心所造、依于居家的事物,
Manomayaṃ gehasitañca sabbaṃ,
566全都舍断后,过着依于出离的生活。
Panujja nekkhammasitaṃ irīyati.
567当心意如此在六处上被善加修习,
‘‘Evaṃ mano chassu yadā subhāvito,
568接触任何所缘时,心在任何情况下都不动摇;
Phuṭṭhassa cittaṃ na vikampate kvaci;
569比丘们,他们征服了贪与嗔,
Te rāgadose abhibhuyya bhikkhavo,
570成为超越生死的到彼岸者——第一经终。
Bhavattha jātimaraṇassa pāragā’’ti. paṭhamaṃ;
571“是无常的,大德。”
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’.
5722. 马鲁咖子经
2. Mālukyaputtasuttaṃ
95那时,摩罗迦子尊者来到世尊那里……坐在一边后,摩罗迦子尊者对世尊这样说:“尊者,请世尊为我简要地教导法吧,让我听了世尊的法之后,能独自隐居、不放逸、精勤、坚定地安住。”
Atha kho āyasmā mālukyaputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā mālukyaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti.
574“摩罗迦子,到了现在这个时候,我们还能对那些年轻的比丘说什么呢!你这位比丘已经衰老、年长、老迈、到了人生晚期、年纪大了,竟然还请求一个简要的教诫。”
‘‘Ettha dāni, mālukyaputta, kiṃ dahare bhikkhū vakkhāma! Yatra hi nāma tvaṃ, bhikkhu, jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto saṃkhittena ovādaṃ yācasī’’ti.
575“尊者,我虽然是衰老、年长、老迈、到了人生晚期、年纪大了,但请世尊为我简要地教导法吧,请善至为我简要地教导法吧。或许我能理解世尊所说的义理,或许我能成为世尊所说的继承者。”
‘‘Kiñcāpāhaṃ, bhante, jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto. Desetu me, bhante , bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ, desetu sugato saṃkhittena dhammaṃ, appeva nāmāhaṃ bhagavato bhāsitassa atthaṃ ājāneyyaṃ. Appeva nāmāhaṃ bhagavato bhāsitassa dāyādo assa’’nti.
576“摩罗迦子,你怎么看?那些眼所能识知的色,你从未见过、过去从未见过,你现在看不到,也不觉得将来会看到——你对这些有色有欲求、贪爱或迷恋吗?”“尊者,没有。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, mālukyaputta, ye te cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā adiṭṭhā adiṭṭhapubbā, na ca passasi, na ca te hoti passeyyanti? Atthi te tattha chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
577“那些耳所能识知的声,你从未听过、过去从未听过,你现在听不到,也不觉得将来会听到——你对这些声有欲求、贪爱或迷恋吗?”“尊者,没有。”
‘‘Ye te sotaviññeyyā saddā assutā assutapubbā, na ca suṇāsi, na ca te hoti suṇeyyanti? Atthi te tattha chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
578“那些鼻所能识知的香,你从未嗅过、过去从未嗅过,你现在嗅不到,也不觉得将来会嗅到——你对这些香有欲求、贪爱或迷恋吗?”“尊者,没有。”
‘‘Ye te ghānaviññeyyā gandhā aghāyitā aghāyitapubbā, na ca ghāyasi, na ca te hoti ghāyeyyanti? Atthi te tattha chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
579“那些尚未被尝过、过去从未尝过的、舌所能知的味,你现在没在尝,将来也不会尝——你对那些味还会有欲、贪或爱吗?”“不会,尊者。”
‘‘Ye te jivhāviññeyyā rasā asāyitā asāyitapubbā, na ca sāyasi, na ca te hoti sāyeyyanti? Atthi te tattha chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
580“那些尚未被触过、过去从未被触过的、身所能知的触,你现在没在触,将来也不会触——你对那些触还会有欲、贪或爱吗?”“不会,尊者。”
‘‘Ye te kāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā asamphuṭṭhā asamphuṭṭhapubbā, na ca phusasi, na ca te hoti phuseyyanti? Atthi te tattha chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
581“那些尚未被识知过、过去从未被识知过的、意所能知的法,你现在没在识知,将来也不会识知——你对那些法还会有欲、贪或爱吗?”“不会,尊者。”
‘‘Ye te manoviññeyyā dhammā aviññātā aviññātapubbā, na ca vijānāsi, na ca te hoti vijāneyyanti? Atthi te tattha chando vā rāgo vā pemaṃ vā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
582“摩罗迦子,这样一来,在你所见、所闻、所觉、所识的那些法上:见时,只是所见;闻时,只是所闻;觉时,只是所觉;识时,只是所识。摩罗迦子,当你对所见的法,见时只是所见;对所闻的法,闻时只是所闻;对所觉的法,觉时只是所觉;对所识的法,识时只是所识——那么,摩罗迦子,你就不会卷入其中。当你不会卷入其中,你就不会粘着在那里。当你不会粘着在那里,你就既不在此界、不在彼界、也不在这两者之间。这就是苦的尽头。”
‘‘Ettha ca te, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhasutamutaviññātabbesu dhammesu diṭṭhe diṭṭhamattaṃ bhavissati, sute sutamattaṃ bhavissati, mute mutamattaṃ bhavissati, viññāte viññātamattaṃ bhavissati. Yato kho te, mālukyaputta, diṭṭhasutamutaviññātabbesu dhammesu diṭṭhe diṭṭhamattaṃ bhavissati, sute sutamattaṃ bhavissati , mute mutamattaṃ bhavissati, viññāte viññātamattaṃ bhavissati; tato tvaṃ, mālukyaputta, na tena. Yato tvaṃ, mālukyaputta, na tena; tato tvaṃ, mālukyaputta , na tattha. Yato tvaṃ, mālukyaputta, na tattha; tato tvaṃ, mālukyaputta, nevidha, na huraṃ, na ubhayamantarena. Esevanto dukkhassā’’ti.
583“尊者,对于世尊这样简略宣说的义理,我这样详细地理解:
‘‘Imassa khvāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi –
584“见到色之后,正念忘失的人,把心投向可爱的相;
‘‘Rūpaṃ disvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;
585心被粘住,他就感觉到了,而且还紧抓着它不放。
Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.
586他的种种感受不断增长,这些感受由各种色法生起;
‘‘Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā rūpasambhavā;
587贪求和恼害,损害的,就是他的心;
Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;
588这样累积着苦,离涅槃就远了。
Evaṃ ācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbānamuccati.
589听到声音后,正念忘失,心去留意那可爱的相;
‘‘Saddaṃ sutvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;
590心被贪染,感受着它,而且紧抓不放。
Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.
591他的种种感受会增长,这些感受都源自声音;
‘‘Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā saddasambhavā;
592贪求和恼害,损害的,就是他的心;
Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;
593这样累积着痛苦,离涅槃就远了。
Evaṃ ācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbānamuccati.
594闻到气味后,正念忘掉了,心去注意那可爱的相;
‘‘Gandhaṃ ghatvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;
595心被贪染,感受着它,而且紧抓不放。
Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.
596他的种种感受会增长,这些感受都源自气味;
‘‘Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā gandhasambhavā;
597贪欲与恼害,使他的心受到伤害;
Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;
598这样不断积集着苦,就离涅槃很远了。
Evaṃ ācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbānamuccati.
599尝了味道,失掉了正念,心里抓着那可爱的相;
‘‘Rasaṃ bhotvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;
600一颗染着的心在领受着它,还紧抓不放、耽着在那里。
Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.
601他那些从种种味道生起的感受,就会不断地增长;
‘‘Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā rasasambhavā;
602贪求与害人之心,会给他那心带来伤害;
Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;
603这样不断堆积的人,离苦的熄灭——涅槃,还很远。
Evaṃ ācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbānamuccati.
604当触接触时,如果失去正念,把注意力放在可爱相上,
‘‘Phassaṃ phussa sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;
605心就被染着了,就会去感受它,并且紧紧地粘着不放。
Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.
606他的种种感受就会增长,这些感受都从触而生;
‘‘Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā phassasambhavā;
607贪求和恼害,就会伤害他的心。
Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;
608这样不断堆积的人,离苦的熄灭——涅槃,还很远。
Evaṃ ācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbānamuccati.
609知道事物后,却忘失了正念,去作意那可喜之相——
‘‘Dhammaṃ ñatvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;
610心被系着而感受,并执取那相住立不移。
Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.
611于是,由种种事物而生的感受在他身上增长,
‘‘Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā dhammasambhavā;
612贪求和害意,令他的心受损伤;
Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;
613如此不断积累(烦恼)的人,涅槃离他十分遥远。
Evaṃ ācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbānamuccati.
614而他在见到色时保持正念,不于色上染着。
‘‘Na so rajjati rūpesu, rūpaṃ disvā paṭissato;
615他以离染之心感受,而且对此不执取安住。
Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.
616如同他看色,也正经历着受;
‘‘Yathāssa passato rūpaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;
617是在消尽而非积聚——具念者便如此而行;
Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;
618如此渐次减损苦的人,便被称为靠近了涅槃。
Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbānamuccati.
619听到声音之后,他具念而于声音不贪染;
‘‘Na so rajjati saddesu, saddaṃ sutvā paṭissato;
620他以离染的心感受,并且不粘着于它而停留。
Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.
621如同当他听闻声音,以及体验感受之时;
‘‘Yathāssa suṇato saddaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;
622它消逝而不累积,这样,他保持正念而行。
Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;
623如此渐次减损苦的人,便被称为靠近了涅槃。
Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbānamuccati.
624他不贪着于气味,闻到气味后保持正念;
‘‘Na so rajjati gandhesu, gandhaṃ ghatvā paṭissato;
625他以离欲的心去感受,而对那份感受不执著、不固守。
Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.
626如同当他嗅闻气味,以及体验感受之时;
‘‘Yathāssa ghāyato gandhaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;
627它消逝而不累积,这样,他保持正念而行。
Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;
628这样逐渐减损苦,就被称为涅槃就在眼前。
Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbānamuccati.
629他不贪染于各种味道,品尝味道时保持觉知;
‘‘Na so rajjati rasesu, rasaṃ bhotvā paṭissato;
630他以离欲的心去感受,而对那份感受不执著、不固守。
Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.
631“不,尊者,不是那样的。”
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
632就如他尝味道时,以及经历感受时;
‘‘Yathāssa sāyato rasaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;
633他耗尽旧业而不积聚新业,这样具念而行;
Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;
634如此,苦被减损时,涅槃就被说为近在眼前。
Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbānamuccati.
635他具念地在触触时,对诸触不生染著;
‘‘Na so rajjati phassesu, phassaṃ phussa paṭissato;
636离欲的心感受它,并且对于它不执取而安住。
Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.
637正如他在触触时,以及在经受感受时,
‘‘Yathāssa phusato phassaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;
638耗尽而不积聚,他这样具念地行持。
Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;
639这样减损苦的人,涅槃就在近处被说。
Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbānamuccatī’’ti.
640他了知法、具足正念,对诸法不起染着;
‘‘Na so rajjati dhammesu, dhammaṃ ñatvā paṭissato;
641他以离欲之心感受它,并且不执取而住;
Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.
642当他如此了知诸法,又接触种种感受时,
‘‘Yathāssa jānato dhammaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;
643这些耗尽而不积聚,他这样具念而行;
Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;
644如此,在苦被减除时,涅槃就被说为近在眼前。
Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbānamuccati.
645马卢迦子尊者说:“尊师!对于世尊简要宣说的这个道理,我是这样详细理解它的含义的。”世尊说:“很好,很好,马卢迦子!马卢迦子,我简要宣说的道理,你确实详细地理解了——”
‘‘Imassa khvāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu sādhu, mālukyaputta! Sādhu kho tvaṃ, mālukyaputta, mayā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāsi –
646看见色后失掉正念,对可爱相作意;
‘‘Rūpaṃ disvā sati muṭṭhā, piyaṃ nimittaṃ manasi karoto;
647他的心陷入染着,感受乐受,并执着于它,滞留其中。
Sārattacitto vedeti, tañca ajjhosa tiṭṭhati.
648他的感受便辗转增长,有种种从色生起;
‘‘Tassa vaḍḍhanti vedanā, anekā rūpasambhavā;
649贪求和害意,使他的心受到损害。
Abhijjhā ca vihesā ca, cittamassūpahaññati;
650像这样积累苦的人,涅槃与他相距遥远。
Evaṃ ācinato dukkhaṃ, ārā nibbānamuccati.…pe….
651已了知法且具足正念的人,不会在种种现象上生起贪着;
‘‘Na so rajjati dhammesu, dhammaṃ ñatvā paṭissato;
652他以远离贪染的心去感受,同时不执著于那种感受。
Virattacitto vedeti, tañca nājjhosa tiṭṭhati.
653当他了知法,并且经历感受时,
‘‘Yathāssa vijānato dhammaṃ, sevato cāpi vedanaṃ;
654旧业被耗尽,新业不再积聚,这样,他保持正念而行;
Khīyati nopacīyati, evaṃ so caratī sato;
655如此逐渐灭尽痛苦的人,便被称为‘在涅槃的近处’。
Evaṃ apacinato dukkhaṃ, santike nibbānamuccatī’’ti.
656摩罗迦子!我简要所说的,你应当这样详细地看待它的义理。
‘‘Imassa kho, mālukyaputta, mayā saṃkhittena bhāsitassa evaṃ vitthārena attho daṭṭhabbo’’ti.
657那时,尊者摩罗迦子欢喜、随喜世尊所说之后,从座而起,向世尊作礼、右绕后离去。那时,尊者摩罗迦子独自远离,不放逸、热忱、励力而住,不久便为了那个目标——善男子们正确地由在家而出家,过着无家的生活,就在现法中,自己以胜智证得、具足而住于那无上的梵行究竟。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有这轮回的状态。’而尊者摩罗迦子成为阿拉汉之一。第二经。
Atha kho āyasmā mālukyaputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho āyasmā mālukyaputto eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti tadanuttaraṃ brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. ‘‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro ca panāyasmā mālukyaputto arahataṃ ahosīti. Dutiyaṃ.
658无常,大德。
‘‘Aniccā, bhante’’.
6593. 退法经
3. Parihānadhammasuttaṃ
96诸位比丘,我将为你们讲解退步的法、不退步的法,以及六种征服的领域。你们仔细听。
诸位比丘,什么是退步的法呢?
比丘们,这里,有一位比丘,当眼睛看到色尘后,那些邪恶、不善的念头和与结缚相应的思绪生起了。如果那位比丘容忍它、不捨断它、不驱除它、不终止它、不让它归于无有,那么,诸位比丘,这位比丘应该知道:‘我在善法上退步了。’因为世尊说过,这就是退步。
……(中略)……
‘‘Parihānadhammañca vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi aparihānadhammañca cha ca abhibhāyatanāni. Taṃ suṇātha. Kathañca, bhikkhave, parihānadhammo hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā sarasaṅkappā saṃyojaniyā. Tañce bhikkhu adhivāseti nappajahati na vinodeti na byantīkaroti na anabhāvaṃ gameti, veditabbametaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā – ‘parihāyāmi kusalehi dhammehi’. Parihānañhetaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatāti…pe….
661再者,诸位比丘,当比丘的舌头尝到味道后,生起了……(中略)……再者,诸位比丘,当比丘的意根认知到法尘后,生起了邪恶、不善的念头和与结缚相应的思绪。如果那位比丘容忍它、不捨断它、不驱除它、不终止它、不让它归于无有,那么,诸位比丘,这位比丘应该知道:‘我在善法上退步了。’因为世尊说过,这就是退步。
诸位比丘,这样就是退步的法。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā uppajjanti…pe… puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno manasā dhammaṃ viññāya uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā sarasaṅkappā saṃyojaniyā. Tañce bhikkhu adhivāseti nappajahati na vinodeti na byantīkaroti na anabhāvaṃ gameti, veditabbametaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā – ‘parihāyāmi kusalehi dhammehi’. Parihānañhetaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatāti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, parihānadhammo hoti.
662那么,诸位比丘,什么是不退步的法呢?
比丘们,这里,有一位比丘,当眼睛看到色尘后,那些邪恶、不善的念头和与结缚相应的思绪生起了。如果那位比丘不容忍它、捨断它、驱除它、终止它、让它归于无有,那么,诸位比丘,这位比丘应该知道:‘我没有在善法上退步。’因为世尊说过,这就是不退步。
……(中略)……
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, aparihānadhammo hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā sarasaṅkappā saṃyojaniyā. Tañce bhikkhu nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti, veditabbametaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā – ‘na parihāyāmi kusalehi dhammehi’. Aparihānañhetaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatāti…pe….
663再者,诸位比丘,当比丘的舌头尝到味道后,生起了……(中略)……再者,诸位比丘,当比丘的意根认知到法尘后,生起了邪恶、不善的念头和与结缚相应的思绪。如果那位比丘不容忍它、捨断它、驱除它、终止它、让它归于无有,那么,诸位比丘,这位比丘应该知道:‘我没有在善法上退步。’因为世尊说过,这就是不退步。
诸位比丘,这样就是不退步的法。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā uppajjanti…pe… puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno manasā dhammaṃ viññāya uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā sarasaṅkappā saṃyojaniyā. Tañce bhikkhu nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti, veditabbametaṃ , bhikkhave, bhikkhunā – ‘na parihāyāmi kusalehi dhammehi’. Aparihānañhetaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatāti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, aparihānadhammo hoti.
664那么,诸位比丘,什么是六种征服的领域呢?
比丘们,这里,有一位比丘,当眼睛看到色尘后,那些邪恶、不善的念头和与结缚相应的思绪不生了。诸位比丘,这位比丘应该知道:‘这个领域已经被征服了。’因为世尊说过,这就是征服的领域。
……(中略)……再者,诸位比丘,当比丘的意根认知到法尘后,那些邪恶、不善的念头和与结缚相应的思绪不生了。诸位比丘,这位比丘应该知道:‘这个领域已经被征服了。’因为世尊说过,这就是征服的领域。
诸位比丘,这些就称为六种征服的领域。
第三经。
‘‘Katamāni ca, bhikkhave, cha abhibhāyatanāni? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā nuppajjanti pāpakā akusalā sarasaṅkappā saṃyojaniyā. Veditabbametaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā – ‘abhibhūtametaṃ āyatanaṃ’. Abhibhāyatanañhetaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatāti…pe… puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno manasā dhammaṃ viññāya nuppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā sarasaṅkappā saṃyojaniyā. Veditabbametaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā – ‘abhibhūtametaṃ āyatanaṃ’. Abhibhāyatanañhetaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatāti. Imāni vuccanti, bhikkhave, cha abhibhāyatanānī’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
6654. 放逸住者经
4. Pamādavihārīsuttaṃ
97诸位比丘,我将为你们讲解放逸而住的人与不放逸而住的人。你们仔细听。
诸位比丘,怎样是放逸而住的人呢?
比丘们,如果一个人不守护眼根而住,他的心就会被眼所认知的色尘所染污。对于那个心被染污的人来说,就不会有喜悦。没有喜悦,就没有喜。没有喜,就没有轻安。没有轻安,就会受苦。受苦的人,心无法入定。心不定的时候,诸法不会显现。因为诸法不显现,他就被称为放逸而住的人。
……(中略)……
比丘们,如果一个人不守护舌根而住,他的心就会被舌所认知的味道所染污。对于那个心被染污的人来说……(中略)……他就被称为放逸而住的人。
……(中略)……
比丘们,如果一个人不守护意根而住,他的心就会被意所认知的法尘所染污。对于那个心被染污的人来说,就不会有喜悦。没有喜悦,就没有喜。没有喜,就没有轻安。没有轻安,就会受苦。受苦的人,心无法入定。心不定的时候,诸法不会显现。因为诸法不显现,他就被称为放逸而住的人。
诸位比丘,这样就是放逸而住的人。
‘‘Pamādavihāriñca vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi appamādavihāriñca. Taṃ suṇātha. Kathañca, bhikkhave, pamādavihārī hoti? Cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutassa, bhikkhave, viharato cittaṃ byāsiñcati . Cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu tassa byāsittacittassa pāmojjaṃ na hoti. Pāmojje asati pīti na hoti. Pītiyā asati passaddhi na hoti. Passaddhiyā asati dukkhaṃ hoti. Dukkhino cittaṃ na samādhiyati. Asamāhite citte dhammā na pātubhavanti. Dhammānaṃ apātubhāvā pamādavihārī tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati…pe… jivhindriyaṃ asaṃvutassa, bhikkhave, viharato cittaṃ byāsiñcati jivhāviññeyyesu rasesu, tassa byāsittacittassa…pe… pamādavihārī tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati…pe… manindriyaṃ asaṃvutassa, bhikkhave, viharato cittaṃ byāsiñcati manoviññeyyesu dhammesu, tassa byāsittacittassa pāmojjaṃ na hoti. Pāmojje asati pīti na hoti . Pītiyā asati passaddhi na hoti. Passaddhiyā asati dukkhaṃ hoti. Dukkhino cittaṃ na samādhiyati. Asamāhite citte dhammā na pātubhavanti . Dhammānaṃ apātubhāvā pamādavihārī tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, pamādavihārī hoti.
667“尊者,确实不是这样。”
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
668“诸比丘,怎样才是不放逸而住呢?诸比丘,对眼根加以防护而住的人,他的心就不会在眼所识知的色上涣散;他的心不涣散,就会生起欢喜;欢喜的人会生起喜悦;喜悦的心,身体会变得轻安;身体轻安的人,会体验到乐;有乐的人,心会入定;心入定时,种种法就会显现出来。由于法显现出来,他便被称为不放逸而住者。……对耳根加以防护而住的人……对鼻根加以防护而住的人……对舌根加以防护而住的人,他的心就不会在舌所识知的味上涣散……便被称为不放逸而住者。诸比丘,对意根加以防护而住的人,他的心就不会在意所识知的法上涣散;他的心不涣散,就会生起欢喜;欢喜的人会生起喜悦;喜悦的心,身体会变得轻安;身体轻安的人,会体验到乐;有乐的人,心会入定;心入定时,种种法就会显现出来。由于法显现出来,他便被称为不放逸而住者。诸比丘,就是这样,才是不放逸而住。第四。”
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, appamādavihārī hoti? Cakkhundriyaṃ saṃvutassa, bhikkhave, viharato cittaṃ na byāsiñcati cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu, tassa abyāsittacittassa pāmojjaṃ jāyati. Pamuditassa pīti jāyati. Pītimanassa kāyo passambhati. Passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ viharati. Sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Samāhite citte dhammā pātubhavanti. Dhammānaṃ pātubhāvā appamādavihārī tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati…pe… jivhindriyaṃ saṃvutassa, bhikkhave, viharato cittaṃ na byāsiñcati…pe… appamādavihārī tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Manindriyaṃ saṃvutassa, bhikkhave, viharato cittaṃ na byāsiñcati, manoviññeyyesu dhammesu, tassa abyāsittacittassa pāmojjaṃ jāyati. Pamuditassa pīti jāyati. Pītimanassa kāyo passambhati. Passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ viharati. Sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati. Samāhite citte dhammā pātubhavanti. Dhammānaṃ pātubhāvā appamādavihārī tveva saṅkhaṃ gacchati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, appamādavihārī hotī’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
6695. 律仪经
5. Saṃvarasuttaṃ
98“诸比丘,我将教导你们防护和不防护。你们仔细听。诸比丘,怎样是不防护呢?诸比丘,有眼所识知的色,那些色是可喜的、可爱的、令人愉悦的、可意的、与感官欲乐相关的、会激起贪染的。如果一位比丘对此感到欢喜、称赞、沉溺执着,诸比丘,这位比丘就应该知道:‘我正在善法上退失。’因为世尊说过,这就是退失。……诸比丘,有舌所识知的味……诸比丘,有意所识知的法,那些法是可喜的、可爱的、令人愉悦的、可意的、与感官欲乐相关的、会激起贪染的。如果一位比丘对此感到欢喜、称赞、沉溺执着,诸比丘,这位比丘就应该知道:‘我正在善法上退失。’因为世尊说过,这就是退失。诸比丘,就是这样,才是不防护。”
‘‘Saṃvarañca vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi, asaṃvarañca. Taṃ suṇātha. Kathañca, bhikkhave, asaṃvaro hoti? Santi, bhikkhave, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati, veditabbametaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā – ‘parihāyāmi kusalehi dhammehi’. Parihānañhetaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatāti…pe… santi, bhikkhave, jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe… santi, bhikkhave, manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati, veditabbametaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā – ‘parihāyāmi kusalehi dhammehi’. Parihānañhetaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatāti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, asaṃvaro hoti.
671“诸比丘,怎样是防护呢?诸比丘,有眼所识知的色,那些色是可喜的、可爱的、令人愉悦的、可意的、与感官欲乐相关的、会激起贪染的。如果一位比丘对此不感到欢喜、不称赞、不沉溺执着,诸比丘,这位比丘就应该知道:‘我没有在善法上退失。’因为世尊说过,这就是不退失。……诸比丘,有舌所识知的味……诸比丘,有意所识知的法,那些法是可喜的、可爱的、令人愉悦的、可意的、与感官欲乐相关的、会激起贪染的。如果一位比丘对此不感到欢喜、不称赞、不沉溺执着,诸比丘,这位比丘就应该知道:‘我没有在善法上退失。’因为世尊说过,这就是不退失。诸比丘,就是这样,才是防护。第五。”
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, saṃvaro hoti? Santi, bhikkhave, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati, veditabbametaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā – ‘na parihāyāmi kusalehi dhammehi’. Aparihānañhetaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatāti …pe… santi, bhikkhave, jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe… santi, bhikkhave, manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati, veditabbametaṃ bhikkhunā – ‘na parihāyāmi kusalehi dhammehi’. Aparihānañhetaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatāti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, saṃvaro hotī’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
6726. 定经
6. Samādhisuttaṃ
99“诸比丘,你们要修习定。诸比丘,一个有定的比丘,能够如实地了知。他如实地了知什么呢?他如实地了知‘眼是无常的’;他如实地了知‘色是无常的’;他如实地了知‘眼识是无常的’;他如实地了知‘眼触是无常的’;他也如实地了知‘凡是依赖眼触这个条件而生起的感受——乐的、苦的、或不苦不乐的,那也是无常的’。……他如实地了知‘意是无常的’;他如实地了知‘法是无常的’;他如实地了知‘意识是无常的’;他如实地了知‘意触是无常的’;他也如实地了知‘凡是依赖意触这个条件而生起的感受——乐的、苦的、或不苦不乐的,那也是无常的’。诸比丘,你们要修习定。诸比丘,一个有定的比丘,能够如实地了知。第六。”
‘‘Samādhiṃ, bhikkhave, bhāvetha. Samāhito, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Kiñca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti? ‘Cakkhu anicca’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti; ‘rūpā aniccā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti; ‘cakkhuviññāṇaṃ anicca’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti; ‘cakkhusamphasso anicco’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. ‘Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi anicca’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… ‘mano anicca’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Dhammā… manoviññāṇaṃ… manosamphasso… ‘yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi anicca’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Samādhiṃ, bhikkhave, bhāvetha. Samāhito, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
6747. 独坐经
7. Paṭisallānasuttaṃ
100“诸比丘,你们要致力于独居静修。诸比丘,一位独居静修的比丘,能够如实地了知。他如实地了知什么呢?他如实地了知‘眼是无常的’;他如实地了知‘色是无常的’;他如实地了知‘眼识是无常的’;他如实地了知‘眼触是无常的’;他也如实地了知‘凡是依赖眼触这个条件而生起的感受——乐的、苦的、或不苦不乐的,那也是无常的’。……他也如实地了知‘凡是依赖意触这个条件而生起的感受——乐的、苦的、或不苦不乐的,那也是无常的’。诸比丘,你们要致力于独居静修。诸比丘,一位独居静修的比丘,能够如实地了知。第七。”
‘‘Paṭisallāne , bhikkhave, yogamāpajjatha. Paṭisallīno, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Kiñca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti? ‘Cakkhu anicca’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti; ‘rūpā aniccā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti; ‘cakkhuviññāṇaṃ anicca’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti; ‘cakkhusamphasso anicco’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. ‘Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi anicca’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… ‘yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi anicca’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Paṭisallāne, bhikkhave, yogamāpajjatha. Paṭisallīno, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathābhūtaṃ pajānātī’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
6768. 第一非你们的经
8. Paṭhamanatumhākaṃsuttaṃ
101“诸比丘,那不属于你们的,要断舍它。断舍了它,会带给你们利益和安乐。诸比丘,什么是不属于你们的呢?诸比丘,眼不属于你们的,要断舍它。断舍了眼,会带给你们利益和安乐。色不属于你们的,要断舍它们。断舍了色,会带给你们利益和安乐。眼识不属于你们的,要断舍它。断舍了眼识,会带给你们利益和安乐。眼触不属于你们的,要断舍它。断舍了眼触,会带给你们利益和安乐。凡是依赖眼触这个条件而生起的感受——乐的、苦的、或不苦不乐的,那也不属于你们的,要断舍它。断舍了它,会带给你们利益和安乐。耳不属于你们的,要断舍它。断舍了耳,会带给你们利益和安乐。声不属于你们的,要断舍它们。断舍了声,会带给你们利益和安乐。耳识不属于你们的,要断舍它。断舍了耳识,会带给你们利益和安乐。耳触不属于你们的,要断舍它。断舍了耳触,会带给你们利益和安乐。凡是依赖耳触这个条件而生起的感受——乐的、苦的、或不苦不乐的,那也不属于你们的,要断舍它。断舍了它,会带给你们利益和安乐。鼻不属于你们的,要断舍它。断舍了鼻,会带给你们利益和安乐。香不属于你们的,要断舍它们。断舍了香,会带给你们利益和安乐。鼻识不属于你们的,要断舍它。断舍了鼻识,会带给你们利益和安乐。鼻触不属于你们的,要断舍它。断舍了鼻触,会带给你们利益和安乐。凡是依赖鼻触这个条件而生起的感受——乐的、苦的、或不苦不乐的,那也不属于你们的,要断舍它。断舍了它,会带给你们利益和安乐。”
‘‘Yaṃ , bhikkhave, na tumhākaṃ, taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Kiñca, bhikkhave, na tumhākaṃ? Cakkhu, bhikkhave, na tumhākaṃ . Taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati . Rūpā na tumhākaṃ. Te pajahatha. Te vo pahīnā hitāya sukhāya bhavissanti. Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Cakkhusamphasso na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. So vo pahīno hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Sotaṃ na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Saddā na tumhākaṃ. Te pajahatha. Te vo pahīnā hitāya sukhāya bhavissanti. Sotaviññāṇaṃ na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Sotasamphasso na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. So vo pahīnā hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Yampidaṃ sotasamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Ghānaṃ na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Gandhā na tumhākaṃ. Te pajahatha. Te vo pahīnā hitāya sukhāya bhavissanti. Ghānaviññāṇaṃ na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Ghānasamphasso na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. So vo pahīnā hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Yampidaṃ ghānasamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati.
678舌头不是你们的。断除它。它被你们断除之后,将会带来利益和安乐。味道不是你们的。断除它们。它们被你们断除之后,将会带来利益和安乐。舌识不是你们的。断除它。它被你们断除之后,将会带来利益和安乐。舌触不是你们的。断除它。它被你们断除之后,将会带来利益和安乐。还有,这缘于舌触而生起的感受,或是乐的,或是苦的,或是不苦不乐的,那也不是你们的。断除它。它被你们断除之后,将会带来利益和安乐……(中略)。
Jivhā na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. Sā vo pahīnā hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Rasā na tumhākaṃ. Te pajahatha. Te vo pahīnā hitāya sukhāya bhavissanti. Jivhāviññāṇaṃ na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Jivhāsamphasso na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. So vo pahīnā hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati …pe….
679意不是你们的。断除它。它被你们断除之后,将会带来利益和安乐。法不是你们的。断除它们。它们被你们断除之后,将会带来利益和安乐。意识不是你们的。断除它。它被你们断除之后,将会带来利益和安乐。意触不是你们的。断除它。它被你们断除之后,将会带来利益和安乐。还有,这缘于意触而生起的感受,或是乐的,或是苦的,或是不苦不乐的,那也不是你们的。断除它。它被你们断除之后,将会带来利益和安乐。
Mano na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. So vo pahīno hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Dhammā na tumhākaṃ. Te pajahatha. Te vo pahīnā hitāya sukhāya bhavissanti. Manoviññāṇaṃ na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Manosamphasso na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. So vo pahīno hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati.
680诸比丘,譬如在这祇陀林中,如果有人把这里的草、木、枝条、树叶拿走,或者烧掉,或者随意处理,你们会不会这样想:'那个人是把我们拿走、烧掉,或者随意处理'呢?
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yaṃ imasmiṃ jetavane tiṇakaṭṭhasākhāpalāsaṃ taṃ jano hareyya vā ḍaheyya vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā kareyya, api nu tumhākaṃ evamassa – ‘amhe jano harati vā ḍahati vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karotī’’’ti?
681'不会的,尊者。'
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
682'那是什么原因呢?'
‘‘Taṃ kissa hetu’’?
683不会的,尊者。
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
684那是什么原因?
‘‘Taṃ kissa hetu’’?
685'尊者,因为那些东西并不是我们的,也不是属于我们的。'
‘‘Na hi no etaṃ, bhante, attā vā attaniyaṃ vā’’ti.
686同样地,比丘们,眼不是你们的,舍弃它。舍弃了它,就会为你们带来利益和快乐。色不是你们的……眼识……眼触……乃至以意触为缘而生起的感受,不论是乐、苦或不苦不乐,那也不是你们的。舍弃它。舍弃了它,就会为你们带来利益和快乐。第八经。
‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, cakkhu na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Rūpā na tumhākaṃ… cakkhuviññāṇaṃ… cakkhusamphasso…pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissatī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
6879. 第二非你们的经
9. Dutiyanatumhākaṃsuttaṃ
102比丘们,凡是‘不是你们的’,你们就要把它舍弃。舍弃了,就会为你们带来利益和快乐。比丘们,什么是‘不是你们的’呢?眼,比丘们,不是你们的,舍弃它。舍弃了它,就会为你们带来利益和快乐。色不是你们的,舍弃它们。舍弃了它们,就会为你们带来利益和快乐。眼识不是你们的,舍弃它。舍弃了它,就会为你们带来利益和快乐。眼触不是你们的,舍弃它。舍弃了它,就会为你们带来利益和快乐……乃至以意触为缘而生起的感受,不论是乐、苦或不苦不乐,那也不是你们的。舍弃它。舍弃了它,就会为你们带来利益和快乐。比丘们,凡是‘不是你们的’,你们就要把它舍弃。舍弃了,就会为你们带来利益和快乐。第九经。
‘‘Yaṃ , bhikkhave, na tumhākaṃ taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Kiñca, bhikkhave, na tumhākaṃ? Cakkhu, bhikkhave, na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Rūpā na tumhākaṃ. Te pajahatha. Te vo pahīnā hitāya sukhāya bhavissanti. Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Cakkhusamphasso na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. So vo pahīno hitāya sukhāya bhavissati…pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi na tumhākaṃ. Taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Yampi, bhikkhave, na tumhākaṃ, taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissatī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
68910. 水经
10. Udakasuttaṃ
103比丘们,据说优陀迦·罗摩子说过这样的话:‘这确实是智达者,这确实是全胜者,这确实是挖出了从未被挖出的疮根。’然而,比丘们,优陀迦·罗摩子其实不是智达者,却自称‘我是智达者’;不是全胜者,却自称‘我是全胜者’;其实疮根并未被挖出,却声称‘疮根被我挖出了’。在这里,比丘们,比丘正确地说时,就可以说:‘这确实是智达者,这确实是全胜者,这确实是挖出了从未被挖出的疮根。’
‘‘Udako sudaṃ, bhikkhave, rāmaputto evaṃ vācaṃ bhāsati – ‘idaṃ jātu vedagū, idaṃ jātu sabbajī , idaṃ jātu apalikhataṃ gaṇḍamūlaṃ palikhaṇi’nti. Taṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, udako rāmaputto avedagūyeva samāno ‘vedagūsmī’ti bhāsati, asabbajīyeva samāno ‘sabbajīsmī’ti bhāsati, apalikhataṃyeva gaṇḍamūlaṃ palikhataṃ me ‘gaṇḍamūla’nti bhāsati. Idha kho taṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘idaṃ jātu vedagū, idaṃ jātu sabbajī, idaṃ jātu apalikhataṃ gaṇḍamūlaṃ palikhaṇi’’’nti.
691比丘们,比丘如何才能成为智达者呢?比丘们,当比丘对六触处的集起、灭去、味、患、出离,如实地了知,这样,比丘们,比丘就是智达者。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, vedagū hoti? Yato kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti; evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vedagū hoti.
692比丘们,比丘如何才能成为全胜者呢?比丘们,当比丘对六触处的集起、灭去、味、患、出离,如实地了知之后,达到无取著而解脱,这样,比丘们,比丘就是全胜者。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabbajī hoti? Yato kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ viditvā anupādāvimutto hoti; evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabbajī hoti.
693比丘们,比丘如何才能挖出从未被挖出的疮根呢?比丘们,‘疮’是对于这个由四大种所造、父母所生、靠米饭和粥团维持、具有无常、抹药、按摩、破坏、离散性质的身体的称呼。‘疮根’是对于渴爱的称呼。比丘们,当比丘的渴爱被断除,连根截断,如同截断多罗树根,令其不再存在,未来不再生起,这样,比丘们,比丘就是挖出了从未被挖出的疮根。
‘‘Kathañca , bhikkhave, bhikkhuno apalikhataṃ gaṇḍamūlaṃ palikhataṃ hoti? Gaṇḍoti kho, bhikkhave, imassetaṃ cātumahābhūtikassa kāyassa adhivacanaṃ mātāpettikasambhavassa odanakummāsūpacayassa aniccucchādanaparimaddanabhedanaviddhaṃsanadhammassa . Gaṇḍamūlanti kho, bhikkhave, taṇhāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Yato kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno taṇhā pahīnā hoti ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṅkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā; evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno apalikhataṃ gaṇḍamūlaṃ palikhataṃ hoti.
694“诸比丘,陶师之子优陀迦确实说过这样的话:‘这的确就是明达者,这的确就是全胜者,这的确就是我挖出的、未被挖出的疮根。’然而,诸比丘,陶师之子优陀迦自己并非明达者,却说‘我是明达者’;自己并非全胜者,却说‘我是全胜者’;疮根明明未被挖出,却说‘我的疮根已被挖出。’诸比丘,在这里,一位比丘要是有正当理由这样说,才可以这么说:‘这的确就是明达者,这的确就是全胜者,这的确就是我挖出的、未被挖出的疮根。’第十经。
‘‘Udako sudaṃ, bhikkhave, rāmaputto evaṃ vācaṃ bhāsati – ‘idaṃ jātu vedagū, idaṃ jātu sabbajī, idaṃ jātu apalikhataṃ gaṇḍamūlaṃ palikhaṇi’nti. Taṃ kho panetaṃ, bhikkhave, udako rāmaputto avedagūyeva samāno ‘vedagūsmī’ti bhāsati, asabbajīyeva samāno ‘sabbajīsmī’ti bhāsati; apalikhataṃyeva gaṇḍamūlaṃ ‘palikhataṃ me gaṇḍamūla’nti bhāsati. Idha kho taṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘idaṃ jātu vedagū, idaṃ jātu sabbajī, idaṃ jātu apalikhataṃ gaṇḍamūlaṃ palikhaṇi’’’nti. Dasamaṃ.
695它的摄颂是:
Tassuddānaṃ –
696六品第十
Saḷavaggo dasamo.
697其摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
698两则摄在一起、退堕,以及放逸住者与防护;
Dve saṃgayhā parihānaṃ, pamādavihārī ca saṃvaro;
699定、独处禅修,两则‘不是你们的’经和优陀迦经。
Samādhi paṭisallānaṃ, dve natumhākena uddakoti.
700这品的摄颂是:
Tassa vagguddānaṃ –
701六处品第二五十完
Saḷāyatanavagge dutiyapaṇṇāsako samatto.
702其品偈颂——
Tassa vagguddānaṃ –
703无明、鹿网这两则,以及病人、阐陀为第四品;
Avijjā migajālañca, gilānaṃ channaṃ catutthakaṃ;
704这是由六处品构成的五十经,即第二品五十经。
Saḷavaggena paññāsaṃ, dutiyo paṇṇāsako ayanti.
705第十一 安稳品
11. Yogakkhemivaggo
706第一百
Paṭhamasatakaṃ.
70711. 离轭安稳品
11. Yogakkhemivaggo
7081. 离轭安稳经
1. Yogakkhemisuttaṃ
104在舍卫城。“诸比丘,我要为你们说关于‘安稳者’的法门。你们仔细听。诸比丘,什么是关于‘安稳者’的法门呢?诸比丘,有眼所识知的色,那些色可爱、迷人、称心、可意,是伴随欲乐、会令人染着的。对于这些,如来已经断除,连根拔起,弄成像多罗树桩那样,不再有、不会再生起了;而且为了断除这些,他教导了方法,因此如来被称为‘安稳者’。……诸比丘,有意所识知的法,那些法可爱、迷人、称心、可意,是伴随欲乐、会令人染着的。对于这些,如来已经断除,连根拔起,弄成像多罗树桩那样,不再有、不会再生起了;而且为了断除这些,他教导了方法,因此如来被称为‘安稳者’。诸比丘,这就是关于‘安稳者’的法门。” 第一经。
Sāvatthinidānaṃ . ‘‘Yogakkhemipariyāyaṃ vo, bhikkhave, dhammapariyāyaṃ desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, yogakkhemipariyāyo dhammapariyāyo? Santi, bhikkhave, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Te tathāgatassa pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṅkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Tesañca pahānāya akkhāsi yogaṃ, tasmā tathāgato ‘yogakkhemī’ti vuccati…pe… santi, bhikkhave, manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Te tathāgatassa pahīnā ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṅkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā. Tesañca pahānāya akkhāsi yogaṃ, tasmā tathāgato ‘yogakkhemī’ti vuccati. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, yogakkhemipariyāyo dhammapariyāyo’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
7102. 执取经
2. Upādāyasuttaṃ
105“诸比丘,究竟在什么存在的时候,依什么,内在的乐与苦会生起呢?”
‘‘Kismiṃ nu kho, bhikkhave, sati kiṃ upādāya uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhaṃ dukkha’’nti?
712“尊者,我们的法是以世尊为根本的……”
‘‘Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā…pe….
713“诸比丘,有了眼,就会执取眼,深陷对眼的执取,从而产生‘我更好’的想法,或者‘我一样’的想法,或者‘我更差’的想法……有了舌……有了意,就会执取意,深陷对意的执取,从而产生‘我更好’的想法,或者‘我一样’的想法,或者‘我更差’的想法。诸比丘,你们怎么看,眼是常的,还是无常的?”
‘‘Cakkhusmiṃ kho, bhikkhave, sati cakkhuṃ upādāya cakkhuṃ abhinivissa seyyohamasmīti vā hoti, sadisohamasmīti vā hoti, hīnohamasmīti vā hoti…pe… jivhāya sati…pe… manasmiṃ sati manaṃ upādāya manaṃ abhinivissa seyyohamasmīti vā hoti, sadisohamasmīti vā hoti, hīnohamasmīti vā hoti. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, cakkhu niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
714“尊者,是无常的。”
‘‘Aniccaṃ , bhante’’.
715「无常的,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
716“那么,凡是无常的,它是苦还是乐呢?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
717「是苦,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
718“那无常、苦、变易之法,是否适合这样去看待它:‘这是我的,这是我,这是我的自我’呢?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, api nu taṃ anupādāya uppajjeyya ajjhattaṃ sukhaṃ dukkha’’nti?
719“这确实不适合,尊者。”……
‘‘No hetaṃ bhante’’…pe….
720“舌头是常的,还是无常的呢?”
‘‘Jivhā niccā vā aniccā vā’’ti?
721“不,尊者,不是这样。”
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
722「无常的,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccā, bhante’’.
723“那么,凡是无常的,是苦还是乐呢?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
724“尊者,是苦。”
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
725「苦,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
726“那么,凡是无常的、苦的、变易之法,如果不执取它,还会生起内在的快乐与痛苦吗?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, api nu taṃ anupādāya uppajjeyya ajjhattaṃ sukhaṃ dukkha’’nti?
727“不,尊者,不会这样。”
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
728不,尊者。
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’…pe….
729意是常还是无常呢?
‘‘Mano nicco vā anicco vā’’ti?
730「无常,尊者。」
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’.
731“那凡是无常的,是苦还是乐呢?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vāti?
732“是苦,大德。”
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
733「苦,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
734“那么,凡是无常、苦、变易之法,如果不执取它,还会产生‘我更好’的想法,‘我一样’的想法,‘我更差’的想法吗?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, api nu taṃ anupādāya seyyohamasmīti vā assa, sadisohamasmīti vā assa, hīnohamasmīti vā assā’’ti?
735「不是这样,尊者。」
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
736“诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样观察时,对眼也厌离……乃至……对意也厌离。由于厌离,他便离贪;由离贪,他便解脱;于解脱之中,生起‘已解脱’之智。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有此后有。’”第二经。
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati…pe… manasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
7373. 苦集经
3. Dukkhasamudayasuttaṃ
106“比丘们,我将讲解苦的生起和消逝。你们仔细听。比丘们,什么是苦的生起呢?以眼和色为缘,生起眼识。三者和合就是触。以触为缘而有受;以受为缘而有渴爱。这就是苦的生起……以舌和味为缘,生起舌识。三者和合就是触。以触为缘而有受;以受为缘而有渴爱。这就是苦的生起……以意和法为缘,生起意识。三者和合就是触。以触为缘而有受;以受为缘而有渴爱。比丘们,这就是苦的生起。”
‘‘Dukkhassa , bhikkhave, samudayañca atthaṅgamañca desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, dukkhassa samudayo? Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ . Tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso. Phassapaccayā vedanā; vedanāpaccayā taṇhā. Ayaṃ dukkhassa samudayo…pe… jivhañca paṭicca rase ca uppajjati jivhāviññāṇaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso. Phassapaccayā vedanā; vedanāpaccayā taṇhā. Ayaṃ dukkhassa samudayo…pe… manañca paṭicca dhamme ca uppajjati manoviññāṇaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso. Phassapaccayā vedanā; vedanāpaccayā taṇhā. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, dukkhassa samudayo.
739“比丘们,什么是苦的消逝呢?以眼和色为缘,生起眼识。三者和合就是触。以触为缘而有受;以受为缘而有渴爱。正是由于这渴爱的无余、离贪、灭尽,取就灭尽;取灭尽则有灭尽;有灭尽则生灭尽;生灭尽则老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼全部灭尽。这样,整个苦蕴的聚集就灭尽了。这就是苦的消逝……以舌和味为缘,生起舌识……以意和法为缘,生起意识。三者和合就是触。以触为缘而有受;以受为缘而有渴爱。正是由于这渴爱的无余、离贪、灭尽,取就灭尽;取灭尽则有灭尽;有灭尽则生灭尽;生灭尽则老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼全部灭尽。这样,整个苦蕴的聚集就灭尽了。比丘们,这就是苦的消逝。”第三经。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, dukkhassa atthaṅgamo? Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso. Phassapaccayā vedanā; vedanāpaccayā taṇhā. Tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodhā upādānanirodho; upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho; bhavanirodhā jātinirodho; jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti. Ayaṃ dukkhassa atthaṅgamo…pe… jivhañca paṭicca rase ca uppajjati jivhāviññāṇaṃ…pe… manañca paṭicca dhamme ca uppajjati manoviññāṇaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso. Phassapaccayā vedanā; vedanāpaccayā taṇhā. Tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodhā upādānanirodho; upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho ; bhavanirodhā jātinirodho; jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, dukkhassa atthaṅgamo’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
7404. 世间集经
4. Lokasamudayasuttaṃ
107“比丘们,我将讲解世间的生起和消逝。你们仔细听。比丘们,什么是世间的生起呢?以眼和色为缘,生起眼识。三者和合就是触。以触为缘而有受;以受为缘而有渴爱;以渴爱为缘而有取;以取为缘而有有;以有为缘而有生;以生为缘,老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼便生起。比丘们,这就是世间的生起……以舌和味为缘,生起舌识……以意和法为缘,生起意识。三者和合就是触。以触为缘而有受;以受为缘而有渴爱;以渴爱为缘而有取;以取为缘而有有;以有为缘而有生;以生为缘,老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼便生起。比丘们,这就是世间的生起。”
‘‘Lokassa, bhikkhave, samudayañca atthaṅgamañca desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, lokassa samudayo? Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso. Phassapaccayā vedanā; vedanāpaccayā taṇhā; taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ; upādānapaccayā bhavo; bhavapaccayā jāti; jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, lokassa samudayo …pe… jivhañca paṭicca rase ca uppajjati jivhāviññāṇaṃ…pe… manañca paṭicca dhamme ca uppajjati manoviññāṇaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso. Phassapaccayā vedanā; vedanāpaccayā taṇhā; taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ; upādānapaccayā bhavo ; bhavapaccayā jāti; jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, lokassa samudayo.
742“比丘们,什么是世间的消逝呢?以眼和色为缘,生起眼识。三者和合就是触。以触为缘而有受;以受为缘而有渴爱。正是由于这渴爱的无余、离贪、灭尽,取就灭尽;取灭尽则有灭尽;有灭尽则生灭尽;生灭尽则老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼全部灭尽。这样,整个苦蕴的聚集就灭尽了。比丘们,这就是世间的消逝……以舌和味为缘,生起……以意和法为缘,生起意识。三者和合就是触。以触为缘而有受;以受为缘而有渴爱。正是由于这渴爱的无余、离贪、灭尽,取就灭尽;取灭尽……这样,整个苦蕴的聚集就灭尽了。比丘们,这就是世间的消逝。”第四经。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, lokassa atthaṅgamo? Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso. Phassapaccayā vedanā; vedanāpaccayā taṇhā. Tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodhā upādānanirodho; upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho ; bhavanirodhā jātinirodho; jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, lokassa atthaṅgamo…pe… jivhañca paṭicca rase ca uppajjati…pe… manañca paṭicca dhamme ca uppajjati manoviññāṇaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso. Phassapaccayā vedanā; vedanāpaccayā taṇhā. Tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodhā upādānanirodho; upādānanirodhā…pe… evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, lokassa atthaṅgamo’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
7435. 我更胜经
5. Seyyohamasmisuttaṃ
108“比丘们,当有什么存在,执取什么,系缚于什么,才会生起‘我更好’‘我和他一样’‘我比他差’这样的想法呢?”
‘‘Kismiṃ nu kho, bhikkhave, sati kiṃ upādāya kiṃ abhinivissa seyyohamasmīti vā hoti, sadisohamasmīti vā hoti, hīnohamasmīti vā hotī’’ti?
745“尊者,我们的法是依世尊为根本的。”
‘‘Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā.
746“诸比丘,在眼存在的时候,依眼,内在的乐与苦就会生起……在意存在的时候,依意,内在的乐与苦就会生起。诸比丘,你们怎么想,眼是常的还是无常的?”
‘‘Cakkhusmiṃ kho, bhikkhave, sati cakkhuṃ upādāya uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhaṃ dukkhaṃ…pe… manasmiṃ sati manaṃ upādāya uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhaṃ dukkhaṃ. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, cakkhu niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
747「无常,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ , bhante’’.
748那么,凡是无常的,是苦还是乐呢?
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
749是苦,尊者。
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
750「苦,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
751那么,凡是无常、苦、变易性质的,如果不执取,还会生起内在的乐或苦吗?
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, api nu taṃ anupādāya uppajjeyya ajjhattaṃ sukhaṃ dukkha’’nti?
752“尊者,那不会了。”……舌……身是常的,还是无常的?”
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’…pe… jivhā… kāyo nicco vā anicco vā’’ti?
753「无常,尊者。」……
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’…pe….
754“意是常的还是无常的呢?”
‘‘Mano nicco vā anicco vā’’ti?
755无常,世尊。
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
756「无常的,尊者。」
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’.
757那么,凡是无常的,是苦还是乐呢?
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
758苦,大德。
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
759「是苦的,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
760“那么,那无常的、苦的、变易之法,适合对它不加执取而认为‘我是更殊胜的’、‘我是相等的’或‘我是低劣的’吗?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, api nu taṃ anupādāya seyyohamasmīti vā assa, sadisohamasmīti vā assa, hīnohamasmīti vā assā’’ti?
761「不会的,尊者。」
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
762“诸比丘,当多闻的圣弟子这样观察时,就会对眼厌离,对色厌离,对眼识厌离,对眼触厌离……乃至……以意触为条件而生起的感受——乐受、苦受或不苦不乐受,对这些也厌离。厌离则离贪,离贪则解脱,解脱时生起‘解脱了’的智慧。他洞知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有来世。’诸比丘,这就是燃烧说法的法门。”
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati, rūpesupi nibbindati, cakkhuviññāṇepi nibbindati, cakkhusamphassepi nibbindati…pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, ādittapariyāyo, dhammapariyāyo’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
7636. 结法经
6. Saṃyojaniyasuttaṃ
109“诸比丘,我将教导结缚法与结缚。你们仔细听。诸比丘,什么是结缚法,什么是结缚呢?诸比丘,有眼所识知的诸色,可爱、可意、令人愉悦、惹人喜爱,与欲乐相随,能引发贪染。诸比丘,这些就叫做结缚法。对它们的那种欲贪,那就是在此的结缚。……诸比丘,有舌所识知的诸味……诸比丘,有意所识知的诸法,可爱、可意、令人愉悦、惹人喜爱,与欲乐相随,能引发贪染。诸比丘,这些就叫做结缚法。对它们的那种欲贪,那就是在此的结缚。”第九经。
‘‘Saṃyojaniye ca, bhikkhave, dhamme desessāmi saṃyojanañca. Taṃ suṇātha. Katame ca, bhikkhave, saṃyojaniyā dhammā, katamañca saṃyojanaṃ? Santi, bhikkhave, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṃyojaniyā dhammā. Yo tattha chandarāgo, taṃ tattha saṃyojanaṃ…pe… santi, bhikkhave, jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe… santi, bhikkhave, manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṃyojaniyā dhammā. Yo tattha chandarāgo taṃ tattha saṃyojana’’nti. Navamaṃ.
7657. 取法经
7. Upādāniyasuttaṃ
110“诸比丘,我将教导取著法与取著。你们仔细听。诸比丘,什么是取著法,什么是取著呢?诸比丘,有眼所识知的诸色,可爱、可意、令人愉悦、惹人喜爱,与欲乐相随,能引发贪染。诸比丘,这些就叫做取著法。对它们的那种欲贪,那就是在此的取著。……诸比丘,有舌所识知的诸味……诸比丘,有意所识知的诸法,可爱、可意、令人愉悦、惹人喜爱,与欲乐相随,能引发贪染。诸比丘,这些就叫做取著法。对它们的那种欲贪,那就是在此的取著。”第十经。
‘‘Upādāniye ca, bhikkhave, dhamme desessāmi upādānañca. Taṃ suṇātha. Katame ca, bhikkhave, upādāniyā dhammā, katamañca upādānaṃ? Santi, bhikkhave, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, upādāniyā dhammā. Yo tattha chandarāgo, taṃ tattha upādānaṃ…pe… santi, bhikkhave, jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe… santi, bhikkhave, manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, upādāniyā dhammā. Yo tattha chandarāgo taṃ tattha upādāna’’nti. Dasamaṃ.
767它的摄颂是:
Tassuddānaṃ –
7688. 内处遍知经
8. Ajjhattikāyatanaparijānanasuttaṃ
111比丘们,如果不证知眼、不遍知眼、不对眼离贪、不舍弃眼,就没有能力灭尽苦。对耳……对鼻……对舌……对身……对意,如果不证知、不遍知、不离贪、不舍弃,就没有能力灭尽苦。比丘们,如果证知眼、遍知眼、对眼离贪、舍弃眼,就有能力灭尽苦。……对舌……对身……对意,如果证知、遍知、离贪、舍弃,就有能力灭尽苦。
‘‘Cakkhuṃ, bhikkhave, anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Sotaṃ… ghānaṃ… jivhaṃ… kāyaṃ… manaṃ anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Cakkhuñca kho, bhikkhave, abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāya…pe… jivhaṃ… kāyaṃ… manaṃ abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāyā’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
7709. 外处遍知经
9. Bāhirāyatanaparijānanasuttaṃ
112比丘们,如果不证知色、不遍知色、不对色离贪、不舍弃色,就没有能力灭尽苦。对声……对香……对味……对触……对法,如果不证知、不遍知、不离贪、不舍弃,就没有能力灭尽苦。比丘们,如果证知色、遍知色、对色离贪、舍弃色,就有能力灭尽苦。对声……对香……对味……对触……对法,如果证知、遍知、离贪、舍弃,就有能力灭尽苦。
‘‘Rūpe , bhikkhave, anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Sadde… gandhe… rase… phoṭṭhabbe… dhamme anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Rūpe ca kho, bhikkhave, abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Sadde… gandhe… rase… phoṭṭhabbe… dhamme abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāyā’’ti. Navamaṃ.
77210. 听闻经
10. Upassutisuttaṃ
113有一次,世尊住在那提卡的砖堂中。那时,世尊独自静处,说出了这段法门:‘缘于眼和色,眼识生起;三者会合就是触。以触为缘,受生起;以受为缘,爱生起;以爱为缘,取生起;以取为缘,有生起;以有为缘,生生起;以生为缘,老死、忧愁、悲泣、苦、忧恼产生。这样,这整个苦蕴就集起了。缘于舌和味,舌识生起……缘于意和法,意识生起;三者会合就是触。以触为缘,受生起……这样,这整个苦蕴就集起了。’
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā nātike viharati giñjakāvasathe. Atha kho bhagavā rahogato paṭisallīno imaṃ dhammapariyāyaṃ abhāsi – ‘‘cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso. Phassapaccayā vedanā; vedanāpaccayā taṇhā; taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ; upādānapaccayā bhavo; bhavapaccayā jāti; jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti. Jivhañca paṭicca rase ca uppajjati…pe… manañca paṭicca dhamme ca uppajjati manoviññāṇaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso. Phassapaccayā vedanā; vedanāpaccayā taṇhā; taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ; upādānapaccayā bhavo; bhavapaccayā jāti; jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti’’.
774‘缘于眼和色,眼识生起;三者会合就是触。以触为缘,受生起;以受为缘,爱生起。当那爱彻底无余地消尽、灭去时,取就灭;取灭则有灭;有灭则生灭;生灭则老死、忧愁、悲泣、苦、忧恼全部止灭。这样,这整个苦蕴就灭尽了。……缘于舌和味……缘于意和法,意识生起……这样,这整个苦蕴就灭尽了。’
‘‘Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso. Phassapaccayā vedanā; vedanāpaccayā taṇhā. Tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodhā upādānanirodho; upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho; bhavanirodhā jātinirodho; jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti…pe… jivhañca paṭicca rase ca uppajjati…pe… manañca paṭicca dhamme ca uppajjati manoviññāṇaṃ. Tiṇṇaṃ saṅgati phasso. Phassapaccayā vedanā; vedanāpaccayā taṇhā. Tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodhā upādānanirodho ; upādānanirodhā…pe… evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī’’ti.
775就在那时候,有一位比丘站在附近偷听。世尊看见了那位站在旁边偷听的比丘,便对他说:‘比丘,你听到这段法门了吗?’‘是的,尊者。’‘比丘,你要学习这段法门。比丘,你要掌握这段法门。比丘,你要记住这段法门。比丘,这段法门是有意义的,是梵行的基础。’第十经。
Tena kho pana samayena aññataro bhikkhu bhagavato upassuti ṭhito hoti. Addasā kho bhagavā taṃ bhikkhuṃ upassuti ṭhitaṃ. Disvāna taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘assosi no tvaṃ, bhikkhu, imaṃ dhammapariyāya’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Uggaṇhāhi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, imaṃ dhammapariyāyaṃ. Pariyāpuṇāhi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, imaṃ dhammapariyāyaṃ. Dhārehi tvaṃ, bhikkhu, imaṃ dhammapariyāyaṃ. Atthasaṃhitoyaṃ, bhikkhu, dhammapariyāyo ādibrahmacariyako’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
776其摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
777离轭安稳品第十一
Yogakkhemivaggo ekādasamo.
778其摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
779安稳、依于,苦、世间与更胜,
Yogakkhemi upādāya, dukkhaṃ loko ca seyyo ca;
780结缚、取,两种遍知、窃听。
Saṃyojanaṃ upādānaṃ, dve parijānaṃ upassutīti.
781“诸比丘,有能被眼识认知的颜色,它们可爱、诱人、令人愉悦、悦意、与欲乐相伴、能激起贪染。如果一位比丘对此欢喜、欢迎、持续地执取不放——诸比丘,这位比丘就被称为进入了魔的住处,落入了魔的掌控,被魔的套索套住。他被魔的束缚捆住,成了那邪恶者随心所欲处置的对象。……”
12. Lokakāmaguṇavaggo
7821. 第一魔索经
1. Paṭhamamārapāsasuttaṃ
114“诸比丘,有能被舌识认知的味道,它们可爱、诱人、令人愉悦、悦意、与欲乐相伴、能激起贪染。如果一位比丘对此欢喜、欢迎、持续地执取不放——诸比丘,这位比丘就被称为进入了魔的住处,落入了魔的掌控,被魔的套索套住。他被魔的束缚捆住……(省略)……”
‘‘Santi , bhikkhave, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā, iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce, bhikkhu, abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āvāsagato mārassa, mārassa vasaṃ gato , paṭimukkassa mārapāso. Baddho so mārabandhanena yathākāmakaraṇīyo pāpimato…pe….
784“诸比丘,有能被意识认知的法,它们可爱、诱人、令人愉悦、悦意、与欲乐相伴、能激起贪染。如果一位比丘对此欢喜、欢迎、持续地执取不放——诸比丘,这位比丘就被称为进入了魔的住处,落入了魔的掌控,被魔的套索套住。他被魔的束缚捆住,成了那邪恶者随心所欲处置的对象。”
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, jivhāviññeyyā rasā, iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āvāsagato mārassa, mārassa vasaṃ gato, paṭimukkassa mārapāso. Baddho so mārabandhanena…pe….
785“然而,诸比丘,确实有能被眼识认知的颜色,它们可爱、诱人、令人愉悦、悦意、与欲乐相伴、能激起贪染。但如果一位比丘对此不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续地执取不放——诸比丘,这位比丘就被称为没有进入魔的住处,没有落入魔的掌控,卸下了魔的套索。他从魔的束缚中解脱出来,不再是那邪恶者随心所欲处置的对象。……”
‘‘Santi , bhikkhave, manoviññeyyā dhammā, iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āvāsagato mārassa, mārassa vasaṃ gato, paṭimukkassa mārapāso. Baddho so mārabandhanena yathākāmakaraṇīyo pāpimato.
786“诸比丘,确实有能被舌识认知的味道,它们可爱、诱人、令人愉悦、悦意、与欲乐相伴、能激起贪染。但如果一位比丘对此不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续地执取不放——诸比丘,这位比丘就被称为没有进入魔的住处,没有落入魔的掌控,卸下了魔的套索。他从魔的束缚中解脱出来,不再是那邪恶者随心所欲处置的对象。……”
‘‘Santi ca kho, bhikkhave, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā, iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave , bhikkhu nāvāsagato mārassa, na mārassa vasaṃ gato, ummukkassa mārapāso. Mutto so mārabandhanena na yathākāmakaraṇīyo pāpimato…pe….
787“诸比丘,确实有能被意识认知的法,它们可爱、诱人、令人愉悦、悦意、与欲乐相伴、能激起贪染。但如果一位比丘对此不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续地执取不放——诸比丘,这位比丘就被称为没有进入魔的住处,没有落入魔的掌控,卸下了魔的套索。他从魔的束缚中解脱出来,不再是那邪恶者随心所欲处置的对象。……”
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, jivhāviññeyyā rasā, iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu nāvāsagato mārassa, na mārassa vasaṃ gato, ummukkassa mārapāso. Mutto so mārabandhanena na yathākāmakaraṇīyo pāpimato…pe….
788摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
789“诸比丘,有那些可以被意识识知的法,是可爱的、诱人的、讨人喜欢的、令人愉悦的、与感官欲望相关的、能勾起贪欲的。如果一位比丘不对此感到欢喜、不予以欢迎、不执取固着——诸比丘,这位比丘就可被称为不堕入魔的住处,不受魔的掌控,他已摆脱魔的陷阱。他已从魔的束缚中解脱,那邪恶者不能再对他为所欲为。”第一段。
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, manoviññeyyā dhammā, iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu nāvāsagato mārassa, na mārassa vasaṃ gato, ummukkassa mārapāso. Mutto so mārabandhanena na yathākāmakaraṇīyo pāpimato’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
7902. 第二魔索经
2. Dutiyamārapāsasuttaṃ
115“诸比丘,有那些可以被眼识识知的色,是可爱的、诱人的、讨人喜欢的、令人愉悦的、与感官欲望相关的、能勾起贪欲的。如果一位比丘对此感到欢喜、予以欢迎、执取固着——诸比丘,这位比丘就可被称为被那些眼识所识知的色所束缚,已堕入魔的住处,受魔的掌控,魔的陷阱已套在他身上。他被魔的束缚捆住,那邪恶者可以对他为所欲为……”
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā, iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu baddho cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu, āvāsagato mārassa, mārassa vasaṃ gato, paṭimukkassa mārapāso. Baddho so mārabandhanena yathākāmakaraṇīyo pāpimato…pe….
792“诸比丘,有那些可以被舌识识知的味……诸比丘,有那些可以被意识识知的法,是可爱的、诱人的、讨人喜欢的、令人愉悦的、与感官欲望相关的、能勾起贪欲的。如果一位比丘对此感到欢喜、予以欢迎、执取固着——诸比丘,这位比丘就可被称为被那些意识所识知的法所束缚,已堕入魔的住处,受魔的掌控,魔的陷阱已套在他身上。他被魔的束缚捆住,那邪恶者可以对他为所欲为……”
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe… santi, bhikkhave, manoviññeyyā dhammā, iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu baddho manoviññeyyesu dhammesu, āvāsagato mārassa, mārassa vasaṃ gato, paṭimukkassa mārapāso. Baddho so mārabandhanena yathākāmakaraṇīyo pāpimato…pe….
793“诸比丘,确实有那些可以被眼识识知的色,是可爱的、诱人的、讨人喜欢的、令人愉悦的、与感官欲望相关的、能勾起贪欲的。如果一位比丘不对此感到欢喜、不予以欢迎、不执取固着——诸比丘,这位比丘就可被称为已从那些眼识所识知的色中解脱,不堕入魔的住处,不受魔的掌控,他已摆脱魔的陷阱。他已从魔的束缚中解脱,那邪恶者不能再对他为所欲为……”
‘‘Santi ca kho, bhikkhave, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā, iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave , bhikkhu mutto cakkhuviññeyyehi rūpehi, nāvāsagato mārassa, na mārassa vasaṃ gato, ummukkassa mārapāso. Mutto so mārabandhanena na yathākāmakaraṇīyo pāpimato…pe….
794“诸比丘,有那些可以被舌识识知的味……诸比丘,有那些可以被意识识知的法,是可爱的、诱人的、讨人喜欢的、令人愉悦的、与感官欲望相关的、能勾起贪欲的。如果一位比丘不对此感到欢喜、不予以欢迎、不执取固着——诸比丘,这位比丘就可被称为已从那些意识所识知的法中解脱,不堕入魔的住处,不受魔的掌控,他已摆脱魔的陷阱。他已从魔的束缚中解脱,那邪恶者不能再对他为所欲为。”第二段。
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe… santi, bhikkhave, manoviññeyyā dhammā, iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mutto manoviññeyyehi dhammehi, nāvāsagato mārassa, na mārassa vasaṃ gato, ummukkassa mārapāso. Mutto so mārabandhanena na yathākāmakaraṇīyo pāpimato’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
7953. 世间边际经
3. Lokantagamanasuttaṃ
116“诸比丘,我并不是说,通过行走就能够了知、看到或抵达世界的尽头。但是,诸比丘,我也不会说,没有到达世界的尽头,就能终结苦。”世尊说了这些话之后,便从座位上起身,走进了住所。那时,世尊离开后不久,那些比丘心中生起了这样的想法:“贤友们,世尊给了我们这样一个简要的教示,没有详细分析其中的含义就起身回到住所了。他说:‘诸比丘,我并不是说,通过行走就能够了知、看到或抵达世界的尽头。但是,诸比丘,我也不会说,没有到达世界的尽头,就能终结苦。’那么,到底有谁能详细分析世尊这个简要教示的深意呢?”
‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, gamanena lokassa antaṃ ñāteyyaṃ, daṭṭheyyaṃ , patteyyanti vadāmi. Na ca panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, appatvā lokassa antaṃ dukkhassa antakiriyaṃ vadāmī’’ti. Idaṃ vatvā bhagavā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ pāvisi. Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ acirapakkantassa bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘idaṃ kho no, āvuso, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho – ‘nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, gamanena lokassa antaṃ ñāteyyaṃ, daṭṭheyyaṃ, patteyyanti vadāmi. Na ca panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, appatvā lokassa antaṃ dukkhassa antakiriyaṃ vadāmī’ti. Ko nu kho imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajeyyā’’ti?
797是无常的,尊者。
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
798这时,那些比丘们心里想:“这位阿难尊者,既得到老师的称赞,又被有智慧的同梵行者们所尊重。而且阿难尊者有能力把世尊这简略说出的总说、没有详细解释义理的,详细地解释清楚。我们不如就去阿难尊者那里,到了之后,向阿难尊者请教这个义理吧。”
Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā ānando satthu ceva saṃvaṇṇito , sambhāvito ca viññūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ. Pahoti cāyasmā ānando imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajituṃ. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkameyyāma; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyāmā’’ti.
799于是,那些比丘们就去到阿难尊者那里。到了之后,和阿难尊者互相问候致意。说完亲切、令人难忘的话后,坐在一边。这些坐在一边的比丘们,就这样对阿难尊者说:
Atha kho te bhikkhū yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā ānandena saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavocuṃ –
800“阿难学友,世尊对我们简略地说出了这个总说,没有详细解释义理,就从座位站起来,进入住处了。世尊是这样说的:‘比丘们,我不说通过旅行就能了知、看到、到达世界的尽头。但是,比丘们,我也不说不到达世界的尽头就能结束苦。’ 学友,世尊离开不久,我们就这么想:‘世尊对我们简略地说出这个总说,没有详细解释义理,就从座位站起来,进入住处了……(世尊说的内容是)我不说通过旅行就能了知、看到、到达世界的尽头。但也不说不到达世界的尽头就能结束苦。谁能把世尊这个简略说出的总说、没有详细解释的义理,详细地解释清楚呢?’ 学友,我们当时就这么想:‘这位阿难尊者,既得到老师的称赞,又被有智慧的同梵行者们所尊重。而且阿难尊者有能力把世尊这简略说出的总说、没有详细解释义理的,详细地解释清楚。我们不如就去阿难尊者那里,到了之后,向阿难尊者请教这个义理吧。’ 请阿难尊者解释一下吧。”
‘‘Idaṃ kho no, āvuso ānanda, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho – ‘nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, gamanena lokassa antaṃ ñāteyyaṃ, daṭṭheyyaṃ, patteyyanti vadāmi. Na ca panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, appatvā lokassa antaṃ dukkhassa antakiriyaṃ vadāmī’ti. Tesaṃ no, āvuso, amhākaṃ acirapakkantassa bhagavato etadahosi – ‘idaṃ kho no, āvuso, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho – nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, gamanena lokassa antaṃ ñāteyyaṃ, daṭṭheyyaṃ, patteyyanti vadāmi. Na ca panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, appatvā lokassa antaṃ dukkhassa antakiriyaṃ vadāmīti. Ko nu kho imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajeyyā’ti ? Tesaṃ no, āvuso, amhākaṃ etadahosi – ‘ayaṃ kho, āvuso, āyasmā ānando satthu ceva saṃvaṇṇito, sambhāvito ca viññūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ. Pahoti cāyasmā ānando imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajituṃ. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkameyyāma; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyāmā’ti. Vibhajatāyasmā ānando’’ti.
801“学友们,这就好比一个需要心材、寻找心材、到处寻觅心材的人,对着一棵矗立着、有心材的大树,却越过了它的根,越过了它的树干,反而想在枝叶里寻找心材。现在诸位尊者就是这样,在老师就在眼前,面对世尊本人的时候,却跳过了那位世尊,而认为应该来向我们请教这个义理。学友们,那位世尊,该知道的他知道,该看见的他看见;他就是眼,就是智,就是法,就是梵;他是说者、宣说者、义理的引导者、不死法的给予者、法主、如来。那时候,正好是你们应该直接向世尊本人请教这个义理的时机。世尊怎么解答你们,你们就应该怎么持守啊。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, āvuso, puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa tiṭṭhato sāravato atikkammeva, mūlaṃ atikkammeva, khandhaṃ sākhāpalāse sāraṃ pariyesitabbaṃ maññeyya; evaṃ sampadamidaṃ āyasmantānaṃ satthari sammukhībhūte taṃ bhagavantaṃ atisitvā amhe etamatthaṃ paṭipucchitabbaṃ maññatha . So hāvuso, bhagavā jānaṃ jānāti, passaṃ passati – cakkhubhūto, ñāṇabhūto, dhammabhūto, brahmabhūto, vattā, pavattā, atthassa ninnetā, amatassa dātā, dhammassāmī, tathāgato. So ceva panetassa kālo ahosi yaṃ bhagavantaṃyeva etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyātha . Yathā vo bhagavā byākareyya tathā vo dhāreyyāthā’’ti.
802“阿难学友,确实,世尊该知道的他知道,该看见的他看见;他就是眼,就是智,就是法,就是梵;他是说者、宣说者、义理的引导者、不死法的给予者、法主、如来。那时候,确实是应该直接向世尊本人请教这个义理的时机。世尊怎么解答我们,我们就怎么持守。可是,阿难尊者也同样既得到老师的称赞,又被有智慧的同梵行者们所尊重。阿难尊者完全有能力把世尊这简略说出的总说、没有详细解释义理的,详细地解释清楚。就请阿难尊者慈悲,不辞辛劳地解释一下吧。”
‘‘Addhāvuso ānanda, bhagavā jānaṃ jānāti, passaṃ passati – cakkhubhūto, ñāṇabhūto, dhammabhūto, brahmabhūto, vattā, pavattā, atthassa ninnetā, amatassa dātā, dhammassāmī, tathāgato. So ceva panetassa kālo ahosi yaṃ bhagavantaṃyeva etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyāma . Yathā no bhagavā byākareyya tathā naṃ dhāreyyāma. Api cāyasmā ānando satthu ceva saṃvaṇṇito, sambhāvito ca viññūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ. Pahoti cāyasmā ānando imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajituṃ. Vibhajatāyasmā ānando agaruṃ karitvā’’ti.
803“那么,学友们,你们仔细听,好好用心思惟,我要说了。”“好的,学友。”那些比丘们回答阿难尊者。阿难尊者就这样说:
‘‘Tenahāvuso, suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato ānandassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā ānando etadavoca –
804无常的,大德。
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
805“朋友们,世尊用简要的方式给出了一个纲要,没有详细解释它的含义,就从座位上起身,进入了住处。那个纲要就是:‘比丘们,我不说通过行走可以了知、看见、到达世间的尽头。但是,比丘们,我也不说不到达世间的尽头,就能终结苦。’对于世尊所给出的这个简要纲要、没有详细解释的部分,我,朋友们,是这样详细地理解它的含义的:在圣者的戒律中,凡是通过它而对世间有了‘世间’的认知、有了‘世间’的骄慢,这个就叫做世间。朋友们,是通过什么,让人对世间有了‘世间’的认知、有了‘世间’的骄慢呢?朋友们,是通过眼睛,让人对世间有了‘世间’的认知、有了‘世间’的骄慢;通过耳朵,朋友们……通过鼻子,朋友们……通过舌头,朋友们,让人对世间有了‘世间’的认知、有了‘世间’的骄慢;通过身体,朋友们……通过意,朋友们,让人对世间有了‘世间’的认知、有了‘世间’的骄慢。凡是通过它而对世间有了‘世间’的认知、有了‘世间’的骄慢的,在圣者的戒律中,这个就叫做世间。朋友们,世尊用简要的方式给出了一个纲要,没有详细解释它的含义,就从座位上起身,进入了住处。那个纲要就是:‘比丘们,我不说通过行走可以了知、看见、到达世间的尽头。但是,比丘们,我也不说不到达世间的尽头,就能终结苦。’对于世尊所给出的这个简要纲要、没有详细解释的部分,我,朋友们,就是这样详细地理解它的含义的。如果各位尊者愿意,可以亲自到世尊那里去,就这个含义去请问他。世尊怎么解答,你们就应当怎么受持它。”
‘‘Yaṃ kho vo, āvuso, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho – ‘nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, gamanena lokassa antaṃ ñāteyyaṃ, daṭṭheyyaṃ, patteyyanti vadāmi. Na ca panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, appatvā lokassa antaṃ dukkhassa antakiriyaṃ vadāmī’ti, imassa khvāhaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi. Yena kho, āvuso, lokasmiṃ lokasaññī hoti lokamānī – ayaṃ vuccati ariyassa vinaye loko. Kena cāvuso, lokasmiṃ lokasaññī hoti lokamānī? Cakkhunā kho, āvuso, lokasmiṃ lokasaññī hoti lokamānī. Sotena kho, āvuso… ghānena kho, āvuso… jivhāya kho, āvuso, lokasmiṃ lokasaññī hoti lokamānī . Kāyena kho, āvuso… manena kho, āvuso, lokasmiṃ lokasaññī hoti lokamānī. Yena kho, āvuso, lokasmiṃ lokasaññī hoti lokamānī – ayaṃ vuccati ariyassa vinaye loko. Yaṃ kho vo, āvuso, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho – ‘nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, gamanena lokassa antaṃ ñāteyyaṃ , daṭṭheyyaṃ, patteyyanti vadāmi. Na ca panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, appatvā lokassa antaṃ dukkhassa antakiriyaṃ vadāmī’ti, imassa khvāhaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi. Ākaṅkhamānā ca pana tumhe āyasmanto bhagavantaṃyeva upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyātha. Yathā vo bhagavā byākaroti tathā naṃ dhāreyyāthā’’ti.
806“好的,贤友。”那些比丘这样回应了阿难尊者后,从座位起身,前往世尊那里。到了之后,向世尊礼敬,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的比丘们对世尊这样说:
‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato ānandassa paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ –
807“尊者,世尊为我们做了简要的教示,没有详细解析含义,就从座位起身,进入了住处——‘比丘们,因此,那眼灭尽、色想灭尽之处,应当知道……舌灭尽、味想灭尽之处,应当知道……意灭尽、法想灭尽之处,应当知道。’尊者,世尊离开后不久,我们就这么想:‘贤友们,世尊为我们做了简要的教示,没有详细解析含义——比丘们,因此,那眼灭尽、色想灭尽之处,应当知道……意灭尽、法想灭尽之处,应当知道。谁能详细解析世尊这个简要教示的含义呢?’尊者,我们就想:‘这位阿难尊者既受导师称赞,也被有智慧的同梵行者们敬重。阿难尊者有能力详细解析世尊这个简要教示的含义。我们何不去阿难尊者那里,向他请教这件事呢?’于是,尊者,我们就去阿难尊者那里,向他请教了这件事。尊者,阿难尊者就以这些方式、这些语句、这些言辞,为我们解析了其中的含义。”
‘‘Yaṃ kho no, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho – ‘tasmātiha, bhikkhave, se āyatane veditabbe yattha cakkhu ca nirujjhati, rūpasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe…pe… yattha jivhā ca nirujjhati, rasasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe…pe… yattha mano ca nirujjhati, dhammasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe’ti, tesaṃ no, bhante, amhākaṃ acirapakkantassa bhagavato etadahosi – ‘idaṃ kho no, āvuso , bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho – tasmātiha, bhikkhave, se āyatane veditabbe yattha cakkhu ca nirujjhati, rūpasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe…pe… yattha mano ca nirujjhati, dhammasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe’ti. ‘Ko nu kho imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajeyyā’ti? Tesaṃ no, bhante, amhākaṃ etadahosi – ‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā ānando satthu ceva saṃvaṇṇito, sambhāvito ca viññūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ. Pahoti cāyasmā ānando imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajituṃ. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkameyyāma; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyāmā’ti. Atha kho mayaṃ, bhante, yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkamimha; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etamatthaṃ paṭipucchimha. Tesaṃ no, bhante, āyasmatā ānandena imehi ākārehi, imehi padehi, imehi byañjanehi attho vibhatto’’ti.
808“比丘们,阿难陀是聪明的;比丘们,阿难陀是有大智慧的!比丘们,就算你们来问我这个含义,我也会用和阿难陀所解释的完全相同的方式来解说。这就是它的含义,你们要这样来受持它。” 第三经。
‘‘Paṇḍito , bhikkhave, ānando; mahāpañño, bhikkhave, ānando! Maṃ cepi tumhe, bhikkhave, etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyātha, ahampi taṃ evamevaṃ byākareyyaṃ yathā taṃ ānandena byākataṃ. Eso cevetassa attho, evañca naṃ dhāreyyāthā’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
8094. 欲功德经
4. Kāmaguṇasuttaṃ
117“比丘们,在我还没有成正觉之前,还是未成正觉的菩萨时,我心里这样想:‘那些过去曾经接触过、现在已经过去、消失了、变掉了的五种欲乐,现在我的心如果常常去回味它们,或者去攀缘现在、未来的那些欲乐,那就不好了。’比丘们,那时我心里又想:‘对于那些过去曾经接触过、现在已经过去、消失了、变掉了的五种欲乐,我应该为了自己的利益,对它保持不放逸、正念、守护自心。’因此,比丘们,对你们来说也一样:对于那些你们过去曾经接触过、现在已经过去、消失了、变掉了的五种欲乐,你们的心如果常常去回味它们,或者去攀缘现在、未来的那些欲乐,那就不好了。所以,比丘们,对你们来说,对于那些过去曾经接触过、现在已经过去、消失了、变掉了的五种欲乐,你们应该为了自己的利益,对它保持不放逸、正念、守护自心。那么,比丘们,就应该了知那个领域——在那个领域里,眼会息灭,对色的想也会息灭;就应该了知那个领域……在那个领域里,舌头会息灭,对味的想也会息灭;就应该了知那个领域……在那个领域里,意会息灭,对法的想也会息灭。”世尊说了这些话后,就从座位上起身,进入了住处。
‘‘Pubbeva me, bhikkhave, sambodhā anabhisambuddhassa bodhisattasseva sato etadahosi – ‘yeme pañca kāmaguṇā cetaso samphuṭṭhapubbā atītā niruddhā vipariṇatā, tatra me cittaṃ bahulaṃ gacchamānaṃ gaccheyya paccuppannesu vā appaṃ vā anāgatesu’. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, etadahosi – ‘yeme pañca kāmaguṇā cetaso samphuṭṭhapubbā atītā niruddhā vipariṇatā, tatra me attarūpena appamādo sati cetaso ārakkho karaṇīyo’. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, tumhākampi ye te pañca kāmaguṇā cetaso samphuṭṭhapubbā atītā niruddhā vipariṇatā, tatra vo cittaṃ bahulaṃ gacchamānaṃ gaccheyya paccuppannesu vā appaṃ vā anāgatesu. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, tumhākampi ye te pañca kāmaguṇā cetaso samphuṭṭhapubbā atītā niruddhā vipariṇatā, tatra vo attarūpehi appamādo sati cetaso ārakkho karaṇīyo. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, se āyatane veditabbe yattha cakkhu ca nirujjhati, rūpasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe…pe… yattha jivhā ca nirujjhati, rasasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe…pe… yattha mano ca nirujjhati, dhammasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe’’ti. Idaṃ vatvā bhagavā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ pāvisi.
811那时,世尊离开后不久,那些比丘心里就想:“世尊用简要的方式给了咱们一个纲要,没有详细解释它的含义,就从座位上起身,进入了住处——那个纲要就是:‘那么,比丘们,就应该了知那个领域——在那个领域里,眼会息灭,对色的想也会息灭;就应该了知那个领域……在那个领域里,舌头会息灭,对味的想也会息灭;就应该了知那个领域……在那个领域里,意会息灭,对法的想也会息灭。’那么,谁能详细解释世尊这个简要给出的、没有详细解释含义的纲要呢?”
Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ acirapakkantassa bhagavato etadahosi – ‘‘idaṃ kho no, āvuso, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho – ‘tasmātiha, bhikkhave, se āyatane veditabbe yattha cakkhu ca nirujjhati, rūpasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe…pe… yattha jivhā ca nirujjhati, rasasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe…pe… yattha mano ca nirujjhati, dhammasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe’ti. Ko nu kho imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajeyyā’’ti?
812那时,那些比丘们心里想:“这位阿难尊者,既受到导师的称赞,也被有智慧的同梵行者们所尊重。而且阿难尊者有能力,把这个世尊简要宣说、没有详细解释的法义,详细地解说明白。我们何不去阿难尊者那里,向他请教这个法义呢?”
Atha kho tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ etadahosi – ‘‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā ānando satthu ceva saṃvaṇṇito, sambhāvito ca viññūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ. Pahoti cāyasmā ānando imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajituṃ. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkameyyāma; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyāmā’’ti.
813于是,那些比丘们就去到阿难尊者那里,和尊者阿难互相问候致意。彼此亲切地交谈过后,他们坐到一边。坐在一边后,那些比丘们对阿难尊者这样说:
Atha kho te bhikkhū yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā ānandena saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu . Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavocuṃ –
814“朋友阿难啊,世尊这样简要地教导,没有详细解释法义,就从座位起身,进入住所了:‘因此,比丘们,那个处应当被了知——在那里眼会息灭,色想会息灭;那个处应当被了知……在那里舌会息灭,味想会息灭;那个处应当被了知……在那里意会息灭,法想会息灭;那个处应当被了知。’朋友,世尊离开之后不久,我们心里想:‘世尊这样简要地教导,没有详细解释法义,就从座位起身,进入住所了——哪位能把这个世尊简要宣说、没有详细解释的法义,详细地解说明白呢?’朋友们,我们心里又想:‘这位阿难尊者,既受到导师的称赞,也被有智慧的同梵行者们所尊重。而且阿难尊者有能力,把这个世尊简要宣说、没有详细解释的法义,详细地解说明白。我们何不去阿难尊者那里,向他请教这个法义呢?’请阿难尊者详细解说吧。”
‘‘Idaṃ kho no, āvuso ānanda, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho – ‘tasmātiha, bhikkhave, se āyatane veditabbe yattha cakkhu ca nirujjhati, rūpasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe…pe… yattha jivhā ca nirujjhati , rasasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe…pe… yattha mano ca nirujjhati, dhammasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe’ti. Tesaṃ no, āvuso, amhākaṃ acirapakkantassa bhagavato etadahosi – ‘idaṃ kho no, āvuso, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho – tasmātiha, bhikkhave, se āyatane veditabbe yattha cakkhu ca nirujjhati, rūpasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe…pe… yattha jivhā ca nirujjhati, rasasaññā ca nirujjhati se āyatane veditabbe…pe… yattha mano ca nirujjhati, dhammasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe’ti. Ko nu kho imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajeyyāti? Tesaṃ no, āvuso, amhākaṃ etadahosi – ‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā ānando satthu ceva saṃvaṇṇito, sambhāvito ca viññūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ. Pahoti cāyasmā ānando imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajituṃ. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkameyyāma; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyāmā’ti. Vibhajatāyasmā ānando’’ti.
815“朋友啊,就像一个需要心材、寻找心材、四处寻访心材的人,来到一棵大树下……请阿难尊者不嫌麻烦,为我们解说吧。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, āvuso, puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno mahato rukkhassa…pe… vibhajatāyasmā ānando agaruṃ karitvāti.
816“那么,朋友们,你们听好,好好用心思惟。我要说了。”“好的,朋友。”那些比丘们回应阿难尊者。阿难尊者这样说道:
‘‘Tenahāvuso , suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato ānandassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā ānando etadavoca –
817“朋友们,世尊简要地教导,没有详细解释法义,就从座位起身,进入住所的那段话是:‘因此,比丘们,那个处应当被了知——在那里眼会息灭,色想会息灭;那个处应当被了知……在那里意会息灭,法想会息灭;那个处应当被了知。’朋友们,我对世尊这个简要宣说、没有详细解释的法义,是这样了解其详细含义的:朋友们,世尊所说的,就是六处的息灭。……朋友们,我对世尊这个简要宣说、没有详细解释的法义,就是这样了解其详细含义的。如果你们愿意,可以去见世尊本人,向他请教这个法义,按世尊给你们解答的那样去受持它。”
‘‘Yaṃ kho vo, āvuso, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho – ‘tasmātiha, bhikkhave, se āyatane veditabbe yattha cakkhu ca nirujjhati, rūpasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe…pe… yattha mano ca nirujjhati, dhammasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe’ti. Imassa khvāhaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi. Saḷāyatananirodhaṃ no etaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā sandhāya bhāsitaṃ – ‘tasmātiha, bhikkhave, se āyatane veditabbe, yattha cakkhu ca nirujjhati, rūpasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe…pe… yattha mano ca nirujjhati, dhammasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe’ti. Ayaṃ kho, āvuso, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho – ‘tasmātiha, bhikkhave, se āyatane veditabbe yattha cakkhu ca nirujjhati, rūpasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe…pe… yattha mano ca nirujjhati, dhammasaññā ca nirujjhati, se āyatane veditabbe’ti. Imassa khvāhaṃ, āvuso, bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa evaṃ vitthārena atthaṃ ājānāmi. Ākaṅkhamānā ca pana tumhe āyasmanto bhagavantaṃyeva upasaṅkamatha; upasaṅkamitvā etamatthaṃ puccheyyātha. Yathā vo bhagavā byākaroti tathā naṃ dhāreyyāthā’’ti.
818“好的,朋友。”那些比丘这样回应了尊者阿难陀之后,就从座位上起身,前往世尊那里。到了之后,向世尊礼敬,然后坐在一边。坐在一边后,那些比丘对世尊这样说:
‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato ānandassa paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ –
819“尊者,世尊您用简要的方式给了我们一个纲要,没有详细解释它的含义,就从座位上起身,进入了住处。那个纲要就是:‘比丘们,我不说通过行走可以了知、看见、到达世间的尽头。但是,比丘们,我也不说不到达世间的尽头,就能终结苦。’尊者,在您离开后不久,我们心里就想:‘世尊用简要的方式给了咱们一个纲要,没有详细解释它的含义,就从座位上起身,进入了住处——“比丘们,我不说通过行走可以了知、看见、到达世间的尽头。但是,比丘们,我也不说不到达世间的尽头,就能终结苦。”那么,谁能详细解释世尊这个简要给出的、没有详细解释含义的纲要呢?’尊者,我们心里接着想:‘这位尊者阿难陀,既被导师称赞过,也被有智慧的同修们所尊重。尊者阿难陀有能力详细解释世尊这个简要给出的、没有详细解释含义的纲要。我们何不去找尊者阿难陀,向他请教这个含义呢?’于是,尊者,我们就去找了尊者阿难陀。到了之后,就向尊者阿难陀请教了这个含义。尊者,尊者阿难陀就用这些方式、这些语句、这些言辞为我们解释了它的含义。”
‘‘Yaṃ kho no, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho – ‘nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, gamanena lokassa antaṃ ñāteyyaṃ, daṭṭheyyaṃ, patteyyanti vadāmi. Na ca panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, appatvā lokassa antaṃ dukkhassa antakiriyaṃ vadāmī’ti. Tesaṃ no, bhante, amhākaṃ acirapakkantassa bhagavato etadahosi – ‘idaṃ kho no, āvuso, bhagavā saṃkhittena uddesaṃ uddisitvā vitthārena atthaṃ avibhajitvā uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ paviṭṭho – nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, gamanena lokassa antaṃ ñāteyyaṃ, daṭṭheyyaṃ, patteyyanti vadāmi. Na ca panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, appatvā lokassa antaṃ dukkhassa antakiriyaṃ vadāmī’ti. Ko nu kho imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajeyyāti? Tesaṃ no, bhante, amhākaṃ etadahosi – ‘ayaṃ kho āyasmā ānando satthu ceva saṃvaṇṇito, sambhāvito ca viññūnaṃ sabrahmacārīnaṃ. Pahoti cāyasmā ānando imassa bhagavatā saṃkhittena uddesassa uddiṭṭhassa vitthārena atthaṃ avibhattassa vitthārena atthaṃ vibhajituṃ. Yaṃnūna mayaṃ yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkameyyāma; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyāmā’ti. Atha kho mayaṃ , bhante, yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkamimha; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etamatthaṃ paṭipucchimha. Tesaṃ no, bhante, āyasmatā ānandena imehi ākārehi imehi padehi imehi byañjanehi attho vibhatto’’ti.
820“比丘们,阿难是智者;比丘们,阿难是大智慧者。比丘们,如果你们来问我这个含义,我也会完全像阿难所解析的那样来解答。这就是它的含义。你们应当这样记住它。”第四经。
‘‘Paṇḍito, bhikkhave, ānando; mahāpañño, bhikkhave, ānando! Maṃ cepi tumhe, bhikkhave, etamatthaṃ paṭipuccheyyātha, ahampi taṃ evamevaṃ byākareyyaṃ yathā taṃ ānandena byākataṃ. Eso cevetassa attho. Evañca naṃ dhāreyyāthā’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
8215. 帝释问经
5. Sakkapañhasuttaṃ
118有一次,世尊住在王舍城的鹫峰山。那时,诸天之主释提桓因来到世尊那里,向世尊礼敬后,站在一旁。站在一旁的诸天之主释提桓因对世尊这样说:“尊者,是什么原因,是什么条件,使得这里有些众生在当生之中就般涅槃了呢?”
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Atha kho sakko devānamindo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho sakko devānamindo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ko nu kho, bhante , hetu, ko paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme no parinibbāyanti? Ko pana, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyantī’’ti?
823“诸天之主,有眼能识知的色,是可爱、可悦、合意、喜好的,伴随欲乐、令人贪染的。如果比丘对这色喜悦、欢迎、牢固执取地安住。当他喜悦、欢迎、牢固执取地安住时,依赖于此的识就有了执取。有执取的比丘,诸天之主,不会般涅槃。……
‘‘Santi kho, devānaminda, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā, iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato tannissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ hoti tadupādānaṃ. Saupādāno, devānaminda, bhikkhu no parinibbāyati…pe….
824“诸天之主,有舌能识知的味……诸天之主,有意能识知的法,是可爱、可悦、合意、喜好的,伴随欲乐、令人贪染的。如果比丘对这法喜悦、欢迎、牢固执取地安住。当他喜悦、欢迎、牢固执取地安住时,依赖于此的识就有了执取。有执取的比丘,诸天之主,不会般涅槃。诸天之主,就是这个原因,就是这个条件,使得这里有些众生在当生之中不会般涅槃。”
‘‘Santi kho, devānaminda, jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe… santi kho, devānaminda, manoviññeyyā dhammā, iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato tannissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ hoti tadupādānaṃ. Saupādāno, devānaminda, bhikkhu no parinibbāyati. Ayaṃ kho, devānaminda, hetu, ayaṃ paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme no parinibbāyanti.
825天王,确实有眼识所认知的色,是合意、可爱、悦心、喜乐、与欲望相连、能引发贪染的。如果一位比丘对此不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续执取,那么当他不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续执取时,识就不会依靠它,也不会有对它的执取。天王,没有执取的比丘就彻底般涅槃了……(省略重复内容)。
‘‘Santi ca kho, devānaminda, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā, iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ anabhinandato anabhivadato anajjhosāya tiṭṭhato na tannissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ hoti, na tadupādānaṃ. Anupādāno, devānaminda, bhikkhu parinibbāyati…pe… .
826天王,确实有舌识所认知的味……(省略重复内容)确实有意识所认知的法,是合意、可爱、悦心、喜乐、与欲望相连、能引发贪染的。如果一位比丘对此不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续执取,那么当他不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续执取时,识就不会依靠它,也不会有对它的执取。天王,没有执取的比丘就彻底般涅槃了。天王,这就是为什么这世上有些众生在现法中彻底般涅槃的原因,这就是它的条件。第五经。
‘‘Santi kho, devānaminda, jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe… santi kho, devānaminda, manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ anabhinandato anabhivadato anajjhosāya tiṭṭhato na tannissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ hoti na tadupādānaṃ. Anupādāno, devānaminda, bhikkhu parinibbāyati. Ayaṃ kho, devānaminda, hetu, ayaṃ paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyantī’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
8276. 五髻经
6. Pañcasikhasuttaṃ
119有一次,世尊住在王舍城的灵鹫山上。那时,干达婆天子五髻来到世尊那里;到了之后,礼敬世尊,然后站在一旁。站在一旁后,干达婆天子五髻对世尊这样说:'尊者,到底是什么原因,什么条件,使得这世上有些众生在现法中没有彻底般涅槃呢?尊者,又是什么原因,什么条件,使得这世上有些众生在现法中彻底般涅槃呢?'世尊说:'五髻,确实有眼识所认知的色……(省略重复内容)确实有意识所认知的法,是合意、可爱、悦心、喜乐、与欲望相连、能引发贪染的。如果一位比丘对此欢喜、欢迎、持续执取,那么当他欢喜、欢迎、持续执取时,识就会依靠它,就会有对它的执取。五髻,有执取的比丘,就没有彻底般涅槃。五髻,这就是为什么这世上有些众生在现法中没有彻底般涅槃的原因,这就是它的条件。'
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Atha kho pañcasikho gandhabbadevaputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho pañcasikho gandhabbadevaputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ko nu kho, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme no parinibbāyanti? Ko pana, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyantī’’ti? ‘‘Santi kho, pañcasikha, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā…pe… santi kho, pañcasikha, manoviññeyyā dhammā, iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato tannissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ hoti tadupādānaṃ. Saupādāno, pañcasikha , bhikkhu no parinibbāyati. Ayaṃ kho, pañcasikha, hetu, ayaṃ paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme no parinibbāyanti’’.
829'但是,五髻,确实有眼识所认知的色,是合意、可爱、悦心的……(省略重复内容)确实有意识所认知的法,是合意、可爱、悦心、喜乐、与欲望相连、能引发贪染的。如果一位比丘对此不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续执取,那么当他不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续执取时,识就不会依靠它,也不会有对它的执取。五髻,没有执取的比丘就彻底般涅槃了。五髻,这就是为什么这世上有些众生在现法中彻底般涅槃的原因,这就是它的条件。'第六经。
‘‘Santi ca kho, pañcasikha, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā…pe… santi kho, pañcasikha, manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati, tassa taṃ anabhinandato anabhivadato anajjhosāya tiṭṭhato na tannissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ hoti, na tadupādānaṃ. Anupādāno, pañcasikha, bhikkhu parinibbāyati. Ayaṃ kho, pañcasikha, hetu, ayaṃ paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyantī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
8307. 舍利弗共住弟子经
7. Sāriputtasaddhivihārikasuttaṃ
120有一次,舍利弗尊者住在沙瓦提城的揭德林给孤独园。那时,有一位比丘来到舍利弗尊者那里;到了之后,和舍利弗尊者互相问候致意。互相问候致意,说完亲切友好的话之后,他就坐在一旁。坐在一旁后,那位比丘对舍利弗尊者这样说:'舍利弗贤友,有位比丘,是我的同住者,他舍弃了修学,退回到低劣的世俗生活中去了。'
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā sāriputto sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme . Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yenāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā sāriputtena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘saddhivihāriko , āvuso sāriputta, bhikkhu sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvatto’’ti.
832'贤友,事情正是这样,对于根门不防护、饮食不知量、不致力于醒觉的人,就会发生这种事。贤友,一个比丘,如果根门不防护、饮食不知量、不致力于醒觉,却说他能终生修习圆满清净的梵行,这是不可能的。贤友,一个比丘,如果根门防护、饮食知量、致力于醒觉,说他能终生修习圆满清净的梵行,这才是可能的。'
‘‘Evametaṃ, āvuso, hoti indriyesu aguttadvārassa, bhojane amattaññuno, jāgariyaṃ ananuyuttassa. ‘So vatāvuso, bhikkhu indriyesu aguttadvāro bhojane amattaññū jāgariyaṃ ananuyutto yāvajīvaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ santānessatī’ti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. ‘So vatāvuso, bhikkhu indriyesu guttadvāro, bhojane mattaññū, jāgariyaṃ anuyutto yāvajīvaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ santānessatī’ti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati.
833“朋友,怎样才算是‘在诸根上守住根门’呢?朋友,这里,一位比丘用眼睛看到色之后,不抓取整体特征,也不抓取细节特征。因为如果任由眼根不加防护地住着,贪欲和忧恼这些恶不善法就会侵袭进来。为了防护眼根,他去实践,保护眼根,在眼根上成就防护。用耳朵听到声之后……用鼻子闻到香之后……用舌头尝到味之后……用身体触到触之后……用意了知法之后,不抓取整体特征,也不抓取细节特征。因为如果任由意根不加防护地住着,贪欲和忧恼这些恶不善法就会侵袭进来。为了防护意根,他去实践,保护意根,在意根上成就防护。朋友,这样就是‘在诸根上守住根门’。”
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, indriyesu guttadvāro hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati, rakkhati manindriyaṃ, manindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, indriyesu guttadvāro hoti.
834“朋友,怎样才算是‘在食物上知道分量’呢?朋友,这里,一位比丘如理省思之后进食。他不会为了嬉戏,不会为了陶醉,不会为了装饰,不会为了打扮,纯粹只是为了这个身体的存续与维持,为了止息伤害,为了资助梵行。他心里想:‘我这样消除旧的饥饿感受,又不让新的一波感受生起,这样我才能维持生命,没有过失,安稳而住。’朋友,这样就是‘在食物上知道分量’。”
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, bhojane mattaññū hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso āhāraṃ āhāreti – ‘neva davāya, na madāya, na maṇḍanāya, na vibhūsanāya, yāvadeva imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā yāpanāya, vihiṃsūparatiyā, brahmacariyānuggahāya. Iti purāṇañca vedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi, navañca vedanaṃ na uppādessāmi, yātrā ca me bhavissati , anavajjatā ca phāsuvihāro cā’ti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, bhojane mattaññū hoti.
835“朋友,怎样才算是‘专修警觉’呢?朋友,这里,一位比丘在白天通过经行和禅坐,让心远离那些会造成障碍的法。初夜的时候,他也通过经行和禅坐,让心远离那些会造成障碍的法。中夜的时候,他以狮子卧的姿势,右胁而卧,脚叠着脚,具足正念与正知,心里留意起身想。后夜的时候,他起身之后,又通过经行和禅坐,让心远离那些会造成障碍的法。朋友,这样就是‘专修警觉’。所以,朋友,你们应当这样来修学:‘我们要守住根门;在食物上知道分量;专修警觉。’朋友,你们就该这样来修学。”第七。
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu divasaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti. Rattiyā paṭhamaṃ yāmaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti . Rattiyā majjhimaṃ yāmaṃ dakkhiṇena passena sīhaseyyaṃ kappeti pāde pādaṃ accādhāya sato sampajāno, uṭṭhānasaññaṃ manasi karitvā. Rattiyā pacchimaṃ yāmaṃ paccuṭṭhāya caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti. Tasmātihāvuso, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘indriyesu guttadvārā bhavissāma, bhojane mattaññuno, jāgariyaṃ anuyuttā’ti. Evañhi vo, āvuso, sikkhitabba’’nti. Sattamaṃ.
8368. 教诫罗睺罗经
8. Rāhulovādasuttaṃ
121有一次,世尊住在舍卫城祇陀林的给孤独园。那时,世尊独自静处宴坐的时候,心里生起了这样的思惟:“罗睺罗那些令解脱成熟的法已经成熟了,我现在应该进一步教导罗睺罗,让他灭尽诸漏。”于是,世尊在上午穿好衣服,拿着衣钵,进入舍卫城乞食。吃完之后,从乞食处返回,便对尊者罗睺罗说:“带上坐垫,罗睺罗,我们去安陀林做日间休息吧。”“好的,尊者。”尊者罗睺罗回答世尊后,拿着坐垫,紧跟在世尊后面。
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho bhagavato rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘paripakkā kho rāhulassa vimuttiparipācaniyā dhammā; yaṃnūnāhaṃ rāhulaṃ uttariṃ āsavānaṃ khaye vineyya’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya sāvatthiyaṃ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṃ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto āyasmantaṃ rāhulaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘gaṇhāhi, rāhula, nisīdanaṃ. Yena andhavanaṃ tenupasaṅkamissāma divāvihārāyā’’ti . ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā rāhulo bhagavato paṭissutvā nisīdanaṃ ādāya bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhi.
838那时候,有数千位天神跟随在世尊周围,心里想着:“今天,世尊将要进一步教导尊者罗睺罗,让他灭尽诸漏了。”接着,世尊走入安陀林,在一棵树下敷设好的座位上坐下来。尊者罗睺罗向世尊礼敬之后,也坐在一旁。世尊就这样对坐在一旁的尊者罗睺罗说:
Tena kho pana samayena anekāni devatāsahassāni bhagavantaṃ anubandhāni honti – ‘‘ajja bhagavā āyasmantaṃ rāhulaṃ uttariṃ āsavānaṃ khaye vinessatī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā andhavanaṃ ajjhogāhetvā aññatarasmiṃ rukkhamūle paññatte āsane nisīdi. Āyasmāpi kho rāhulo bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ rāhulaṃ bhagavā etadavoca –
839“罗睺罗,你怎么看,眼是常的,还是无常的呢?”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, rāhula, cakkhu niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
840「无常的,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
841“那么,凡是无常的,是苦还是乐呢?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
842“是苦,世尊。”
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
843「苦的,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
844那么,凡是无常的、苦的、变易的法,适合把它看作‘这是我的,这是我,这是我的自我’吗?
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi , eso me attā’’’ti?
845不,大德,这不适合。
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ( )
846色是常的,还是无常的?
‘‘Rūpā niccā vā aniccā vā’’ti?
847「无常的,尊者。」……
‘‘Aniccā, bhante’’…pe….
848“眼识是恒常的还是无常的?”
‘‘Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
849“无常的,尊者。”……(省略)
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’…pe….
850“眼触是恒常的还是无常的?”
‘‘Cakkhusamphasso nicco vā anicco vā’’ti?
851“无常的,尊者。”……(省略)
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’…pe….
852「无常的,尊者。」……
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’…pe….
853“凡是因眼触而生起的感受、感知、意图、认知,那也是恒常的,还是无常的?”
‘‘Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedanāgataṃ, saññāgataṃ, saṅkhāragataṃ, viññāṇagataṃ, tampi niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
854「无常的,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
855那么,凡是无常的,它是苦还是乐呢?
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
856是苦,世尊。
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
857「苦的,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
858“那么,凡是无常、苦、变易的事物,还适合把它看成‘这是我的,这是我,这是我的自我’吗?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
859不会的,大德。……(省略)
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’…pe….
860舌是常的还是无常的呢?
‘‘Jivhā niccā vā aniccā vā’’ti?
861「无常,尊者。」……
‘‘Aniccā, bhante’’…pe….
862『舌识是常的还是无常的?』
‘‘Jivhāviññāṇaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
863“无常,尊者。……”。
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’…pe….
864『舌触是常的还是无常的?』
‘‘Jivhāsamphasso nicco vā anicco vā’’ti?
865『无常,尊者。』……
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’…pe….
866「无常,尊者。」……
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’…pe….
867『那个以舌触为条件而生起的感受、认知、意志活动和识别,这也是常的还是无常的?』
‘‘Yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedanāgataṃ, saññāgataṃ, saṅkhāragataṃ, viññāṇagataṃ, tampi niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
868「无常的,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
869那么,凡是无常的,是苦还是乐?
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
870苦的,大德。
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
871「苦的,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
872那么,凡是无常的、苦的、变易法,适合这样来观察它吗——'这是我的,我是这个,这是我的自我'?
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
873这不适合,世尊。
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
874“当然不会,世尊。”
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’…pe….
875“意是常的还是无常的呢?”
‘‘Mano nicco vā anicco vā’’ti?
876“无常的,世尊。”
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’.
877「无常的,尊者。」
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’.
878那么,凡是无常的,是苦还是乐?
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
879是苦,尊者。
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
880「苦,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
881那么,凡是无常的、苦的、变易的法,适合这样看待它:'这是我的,这是我,这是我的我'吗?
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
882「不,尊者。」
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
883“法是常的还是无常的呢?”
‘‘Dhammā niccā vā aniccā vā’’ti?
884「无常,尊者。」……
‘‘Aniccā, bhante’’…pe….
885“意识是常的还是无常的?”
‘‘Manoviññāṇaṃ niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
886『无常,尊者。』……
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’…pe….
887“意触是常的还是无常的?”
‘‘Manosamphasso nicco vā anicco vā’’ti?
888“无常,尊者。……”。
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’…pe….
889「无常的,尊者」……(中略)……
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’…pe….
890“凡以意触为因缘而生起的感受之类、认知之类、行蕴之类、识蕴之类,那也是常的还是无常的?”
‘‘Yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedanāgataṃ, saññāgataṃ, saṅkhāragataṃ, viññāṇagataṃ, tampi niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
891「无常的,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
892“那么,凡是无常的,是苦还是乐?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
893“苦,尊者。”
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
894「苦的,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
895那么,凡是无常、苦、变易法,适合把它看作‘这是我的,我是这个,这是我的我’吗?
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
896这确实不,尊者。
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
897「不,尊者。」
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
898罗睺罗,这样观察的时候,多闻的圣弟子对眼也厌离,对色也厌离,对眼识也厌离,对眼触也厌离,凡是以眼触为缘而生起的受、想、行、识,对那也厌离……对舌也厌离,对味也厌离,对舌识也厌离,对舌触也厌离,凡是以舌触为缘而生起的受、想、行、识,对那也厌离……
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, rāhula, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati, rūpesupi nibbindati, cakkhuviññāṇepi nibbindati, cakkhusamphassepi nibbindati, yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedanāgataṃ saññāgataṃ saṅkhāragataṃ viññāṇagataṃ tasmimpi nibbindati…pe… jivhāyapi nibbindati, rasesupi nibbindati, jivhāviññāṇepi nibbindati, jivhāsamphassepi nibbindati, yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedanāgataṃ saññāgataṃ saṅkhāragataṃ viññāṇagataṃ tasmimpi nibbindati…pe….
899他对意也厌离,对诸法也厌离,对意识也厌离,对意触也厌离,对以这意触为条件而生起的受、想、行、识也都厌离。厌离之后,他离贪;由离贪,获得解脱;解脱时,生起‘解脱了’的智。他了知:‘生已灭尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有这轮回的状态。’”
‘‘Manasmimpi nibbindati, dhammesupi nibbindati, manoviññāṇepi nibbindati, manosamphassepi nibbindati, yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedanāgataṃ saññāgataṃ saṅkhāragataṃ viññāṇagataṃ tasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti.
900这是世尊所说。拉胡勒尊者心中满意,对世尊所说感到欢喜。而在这段开示进行中,拉胡勒尊者的心不执取,从诸漏中解脱了。同时,数以千计的天神们也生起了远离尘垢、远离污秽的法眼——‘凡任何集起之法,皆是灭尽之法。’第八经。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā rāhulo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandi. Imasmiñca pana veyyākaraṇasmiṃ bhaññamāne āyasmato rāhulassa anupādāya āsavehi cittaṃ vimucci. Anekānañca devatāsahassānaṃ virajaṃ vītamalaṃ dhammacakkhuṃ udapādi – ‘‘yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhamma’’nti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
9019. 结缚法经
9. Saṃyojaniyadhammasuttaṃ
122比丘们,我要为你们解说能产生束缚的法,以及什么是束缚。你们仔细听。比丘们,什么是能产生束缚的法,什么是束缚呢?眼,就是一种能产生束缚的法。凡是对眼产生的欲望和贪染,那就是那里的束缚。……舌,也是一种能产生束缚的法。……意,也是一种能产生束缚的法。凡是对意产生的欲望和贪染,那就是那里的束缚。比丘们,这些就称为能产生束缚的法,这就是束缚。
‘‘Saṃyojaniye ca, bhikkhave, dhamme desessāmi saṃyojanañca. Taṃ suṇātha. Katame ca, bhikkhave, saṃyojaniyā dhammā, katamañca saṃyojanaṃ? Cakkhuṃ, bhikkhave, saṃyojaniyo dhammo. Yo tattha chandarāgo, taṃ tattha saṃyojanaṃ…pe… jivhā saṃyojaniyo dhammo…pe… mano saṃyojaniyo dhammo. Yo tattha chandarāgo, taṃ tattha saṃyojanaṃ. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṃyojaniyā dhammā, idaṃ saṃyojana’’nti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
90310. 取法经
10. Upādāniyadhammasuttaṃ
123比丘们,我要为你们解说能产生执取的法,以及什么是执取。你们仔细听。比丘们,什么是能产生执取的法,什么是执取呢?眼,就是一种能产生执取的法。凡是对眼产生的欲望和贪染,那就是那里的执取。……舌,也是一种能产生执取的法。……意,也是一种能产生执取的法。凡是对意产生的欲望和贪染,那就是那里的执取。比丘们,这些就称为能产生执取的法,这就是执取。
‘‘Upādāniye ca, bhikkhave, dhamme desessāmi upādānañca. Taṃ suṇātha. Katame ca, bhikkhave, upādāniyā dhammā, katamañca upādānaṃ ? Cakkhuṃ, bhikkhave, upādāniyo dhammo. Yo tattha chandarāgo, taṃ tattha upādānaṃ…pe… jivhā upādāniyo dhammo…pe… mano upādāniyo dhammo. Yo tattha chandarāgo, taṃ tattha upādānaṃ. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, upādāniyā dhammā, idaṃ upādāna’’nti. Sattamaṃ.
905世间欲功德品第十二
Lokakāmaguṇavaggo dvādasamo.
906其摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
907以魔的陷阱说了两个,以世间的欲乐功德;
Mārapāsena dve vuttā, lokakāmaguṇena ca;
908“是无常的,世尊。”
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
909沙咖天帝、五髻,还有沙利子和拉胡罗;
Sakko pañcasikho ceva, sāriputto ca rāhulo;
910结缚、执取,这一品就是以此命名的。
Saṃyojanaṃ upādānaṃ, vaggo tena pavuccatīti.
911第十三 居士品
13. Gahapativaggo
91213. 居士品
13. Gahapativaggo
9131. 毗舍离经
1. Vesālīsuttaṃ
124有一次,世尊住在韦沙离大林的重阁讲堂。那时,韦沙离的居士伍嘎来到世尊那里,过去之后,向世尊礼敬,坐在一旁。坐定后,韦沙离的居士伍嘎对世尊这样说:“大德,究竟是什么原因,什么条件,让一些众生就在这一生中不能彻底寂灭?大德,又是什么原因,什么条件,让一些众生就在这一生中能彻底寂灭呢?”
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vesāliyaṃ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṃ. Atha kho uggo gahapati vesāliko yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho uggo gahapati vesāliko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ko nu kho, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme no parinibbāyanti? Ko pana, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyantī’’ti?
915“居士,有眼睛能辨认的颜色,那些颜色令人满意、可意、令人欢喜、惹人喜爱、能勾起欲望、让人心动。如果一个比丘对这些颜色感到欢喜、赞美、牢固地执取,那么,当他欢喜、赞美并牢固地执取时,他的识就会依存于它,执取它。居士,一个有执取的比丘,是不会彻底寂灭的。……居士,有舌头能辨认的味道……居士,有意能辨认的法尘,那些法尘令人满意、可意、令人欢喜、惹人喜爱、能勾起欲望、让人心动。如果一个比丘对这些法尘感到欢喜、赞美、牢固地执取,那么,当他欢喜、赞美并牢固地执取时,他的识就会依存于它,执取它。居士,一个有执取的比丘,是不会彻底寂灭的。居士,就是这个原因,这个条件,让一些众生就在这一生中不能彻底寂灭。”
‘‘Santi kho, gahapati, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato tannissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ hoti tadupādānaṃ. Saupādāno, gahapati, bhikkhu no parinibbāyati…pe… santi kho, gahapati, jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe… santi kho, gahapati, manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato tannissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ hoti tadupādānaṃ. Saupādāno, gahapati, bhikkhu no parinibbāyati. Ayaṃ kho, gahapati, hetu, ayaṃ paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme no parinibbāyanti.
916“而另一方面,居士,也有眼睛能辨认的颜色,那些颜色令人满意、可意、令人欢喜、惹人喜爱、能勾起欲望、让人心动。如果一个比丘对这些颜色不欢喜、不赞美、不牢固地执取,那么,当他不欢喜、不赞美、不牢固地执取时,他的识就不会依存于它,不会执取它。居士,一个没有执取的比丘,就会彻底寂灭。……居士,有舌头能辨认的味道……居士,有意能辨认的法尘,那些法尘令人满意、可意、令人欢喜、惹人喜爱、能勾起欲望、让人心动。如果一个比丘对这些法尘不欢喜、不赞美、不牢固地执取,那么,当他不欢喜、不赞美、不牢固地执取时,他的识就不会依存于它,不会执取它。居士,一个没有执取的比丘,就会彻底寂灭。居士,就是这个原因,这个条件,让一些众生就在这一生中能彻底寂灭。” 第一经。
‘‘Santi ca kho, gahapati, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā, iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ anabhinandato anabhivadato anajjhosāya tiṭṭhato na tannissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ hoti, na tadupādānaṃ. Anupādāno, gahapati, bhikkhu parinibbāyati…pe… santi kho, gahapati, jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe… santi kho, gahapati, manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati, tassa taṃ anabhinandato anabhivadato anajjhosāya tiṭṭhato. Na tannissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ hoti, na tadupādānaṃ. Anupādāno , gahapati, bhikkhu parinibbāyati. Ayaṃ kho, gahapati, hetu ayaṃ paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyantī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
917“无常,尊者。……”。
‘‘Aniccā, bhante’’…pe….
9182. 瓦基经
2. Vajjīsuttaṃ
125有一次,世尊住在跋耆国象村。那时,象村的屋主伍加去世尊那里。到了之后,向世尊礼敬,坐在一边。坐在一边的象村屋主伍加对世尊这样说:'大德,到底是什么原因、什么条件,让这里的一些众生在当生现世不能完全熄灭?又是什么原因、什么条件,让这里的一些众生在当生现世能够完全熄灭呢?'(如上一经那样,应该详加展开。)屋主啊,就是这个原因、这个条件,让这里的一些众生在当生现世能够完全熄灭。第二经。
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vajjīsu viharati hatthigāme. Atha kho uggo gahapati hatthigāmako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho uggo gahapati hatthigāmako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ko nu kho, bhante, hetu ko paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme no parinibbāyanti? Ko pana, bhante hetu ko paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyantī’’ti? (Yathā purimasuttantaṃ, evaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ). Ayaṃ kho, gahapati, hetu ayaṃ paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyantīti. Dutiyaṃ.
9203. 那烂陀经
3. Nāḷandasuttaṃ
126有一次,世尊住在那烂达的婆瓦利卡芒果林。那时,屋主优婆离去世尊那里……(中略)……坐在一边的屋主优婆离对世尊这样说:'大德,到底是什么原因、什么条件,让这里的一些众生在当生现世不能完全熄灭?又是什么原因、什么条件,让这里的一些众生在当生现世能够完全熄灭呢?'(如上一经那样,应该详加展开。)屋主啊,就是这个原因、这个条件,让这里的一些众生在当生现世能够完全熄灭。第三经。
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā nāḷandāyaṃ viharati pāvārikambavane. Atha kho, upāli gahapati, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho, upāli gahapati, bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ko nu kho, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme no parinibbāyanti? Ko pana, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyantī’’ti? (Yathā purimasuttantaṃ, evaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ). Ayaṃ kho, gahapati, hetu ayaṃ paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyantīti. Tatiyaṃ.
9224. 巴拉德瓦迦经
4. Bhāradvājasuttaṃ
127有一次,尊者宾头卢婆罗堕阇住在拘睒弥的瞿师罗园。那时,优填国王去尊者宾头卢婆罗堕阇那里。到了之后,与尊者宾头卢婆罗堕阇互相问候致意。互相问候致意,谈了一些亲切、令人难忘的话之后,坐在一边。坐在一边的优填国王对尊者宾头卢婆罗堕阇这样说:'贤者婆罗堕阇,到底是什么原因、什么条件,让这些年轻的比丘们,他们正值青春年少,头发乌黑,具有美好的青春,正当人生第一阶段,并没有享受过欲乐,却能终生圆满、清净地修习梵行,并且长久地坚持下去呢?' '大王,那位知道、看见的世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者曾经这样说过:“来,诸位比丘,对于像母亲那样的年纪的女性,应当建立起母亲的心;对于像姐妹那样年纪的女性,应当建立起姐妹的心;对于像女儿那样年纪的女性,应当建立起女儿的心。”大王,就是这个原因、这个条件,让这些年轻的比丘们,他们正值青春年少,头发乌黑,具有美好的青春,正当人生第一阶段,并没有享受过欲乐,却能终生圆满、清净地修习梵行,并且长久地坚持下去。'
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā piṇḍolabhāradvājo kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Atha kho rājā udeno yenāyasmā piṇḍolabhāradvājo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā piṇḍolabhāradvājena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho rājā udeno āyasmantaṃ piṇḍolabhāradvājaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ko nu kho, bho bhāradvāja, hetu ko paccayo yenime daharā bhikkhū susū kāḷakesā bhadrena yobbanena samannāgatā paṭhamena vayasā anikīḷitāvino kāmesu yāvajīvaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ caranti, addhānañca āpādentī’’ti? ‘‘Vuttaṃ kho etaṃ, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena – ‘etha tumhe, bhikkhave, mātumattīsu mātucittaṃ upaṭṭhapetha, bhaginimattīsu bhaginicittaṃ upaṭṭhapetha, dhītumattīsu dhītucittaṃ upaṭṭhapethā’ti. Ayaṃ kho, mahārāja, hetu, ayaṃ paccayo yenime daharā bhikkhū susū kāḷakesā bhadrena yobbanena samannāgatā paṭhamena vayasā anikīḷitāvino kāmesu yāvajīvaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ caranti, addhānañca āpādentī’’ti.
924'贤者婆罗堕阇,心是像猿猴一样不安分的。有时候,即使对于像母亲那样年纪的女性,贪欲之法也会生起;对于像姐妹那样年纪的女性,贪欲之法也会生起;对于像女儿那样年纪的女性,贪欲之法也会生起。贤者婆罗堕阇,还有没有另外的原因、另外的条件,让这些年轻的比丘们,他们正值青春年少……(中略)……并且长久地坚持下去呢?'
‘‘Lolaṃ kho, bho bhāradvāja, cittaṃ. Appekadā mātumattīsupi lobhadhammā uppajjanti, bhaginimattīsupi lobhadhammā uppajjanti, dhītumattīsupi lobhadhammā uppajjanti. Atthi nu kho, bho bhāradvāja, añño ca hetu, añño ca paccayo yenime daharā bhikkhū susū kāḷakesā…pe… addhānañca āpādentī’’ti?
925'大王,那位知道、看见的世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者曾经这样说过:“来,诸位比丘,你们应该对这个身体,从脚底往上,从头皮往下,由皮肤所包裹的整个内部,充满着各种不净之物,这样来观察:这个身体里有头发、体毛、指甲、牙齿、皮肤、肉、筋、骨头、骨髓、肾脏、心脏、肝脏、肋膜、脾脏、肺脏、肠子、肠间膜、胃、粪便、胆汁、痰、脓、血、汗、脂肪、眼泪、油脂、唾液、鼻涕、关节滑液、尿液。”大王,这也是一个原因、一个条件,让这些年轻的比丘们,他们正值青春年少……(中略)……并且长久地坚持下去。' '贤者婆罗堕阇,对于那些修习了身、修习了戒、修习了心、修习了慧的比丘来说,那样做是容易的。但是,贤者婆罗堕阇,对于那些没有修习身、没有修习戒、没有修习心、没有修习慧的比丘来说,那样做是困难的。有时候,贤者婆罗堕阇,心里想着“我要把它当成不净的来作意”,结果它反而以净相的样子浮现出来。贤者婆罗堕阇,还有没有另外的原因、另外的条件,让这些年轻的比丘们,他们正值青春年少……(中略)……并且长久地坚持下去呢?'
‘‘Vuttaṃ kho etaṃ, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena – ‘etha tumhe, bhikkhave, imameva kāyaṃ uddhaṃ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā tacapariyantaṃ pūraṃ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhatha – atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṃsaṃ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṃ vakkaṃ hadayaṃ yakanaṃ kilomakaṃ pihakaṃ papphāsaṃ antaṃ antaguṇaṃ udariyaṃ karīsaṃ pittaṃ semhaṃ pubbo lohitaṃ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā mutta’nti. Ayampi kho, mahārāja, hetu, ayaṃ paccayo yenime daharā bhikkhū susū kāḷakesā…pe… addhānañca āpādentī’’ti. ‘‘Ye te, bho bhāradvāja, bhikkhū bhāvitakāyā bhāvitasīlā bhāvitacittā bhāvitapaññā, tesaṃ taṃ sukaraṃ hoti. Ye ca kho te , bho bhāradvāja, bhikkhū abhāvitakāyā abhāvitasīlā abhāvitacittā abhāvitapaññā, tesaṃ taṃ dukkaraṃ hoti. Appekadā, bho bhāradvāja, asubhato manasi karissāmīti subhatova āgacchati. Atthi nu kho, bho bhāradvāja , añño ca kho hetu añño ca paccayo yenime daharā bhikkhū susū kāḷakesā…pe… addhānañca āpādentī’’ti?
926'大王,那位知道、看见的世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者曾经这样说过:“来,诸位比丘,你们要在根门上善加防护而住。用眼睛看见物质色法后,不要执取它的整体相,不要执取它的细节特征。因为,如果眼根不防护而住,以它为因,贪欲和忧恼这类恶的、不善的法就会侵袭而来。你们要为防护它而修行,要守护眼根,要在眼根上做到防护。用耳朵听到声音后……(中略)……用鼻子闻到气味后……用舌头尝到味道后……用身体碰触到触觉后……用意识了知到法尘后,不要执取它的整体相,不要执取它的细节特征。因为,如果意根不防护而住,以它为因,贪欲和忧恼这类恶的、不善的法就会侵袭而来。你们要为防护它而修行,要守护意根,要在意根上做到防护。”大王,这也是一个原因、一个条件,让这些年轻的比丘们,他们正值青春年少,头发乌黑,具有美好的青春,正当人生第一阶段,并没有享受过欲乐,却能终生圆满、清净地修习梵行,并且长久地坚持下去。'
‘‘Vuttaṃ kho etaṃ, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena – ‘etha tumhe, bhikkhave, indriyesu guttadvārā viharatha. Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā mā nimittaggāhino ahuvattha, mānubyañjanaggāhino. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjatha. Rakkhatha cakkhundriyaṃ; cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjatha. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya mā nimittaggāhino ahuvattha, mānubyañjanaggāhino. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjatha . Rakkhatha manindriyaṃ; manindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjathā’ti. Ayampi kho, mahārāja, hetu ayaṃ paccayo yenime daharā bhikkhū susū kāḷakesā bhadrena yobbanena samannāgatā paṭhamena vayasā anikīḷitāvino kāmesu yāvajīvaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ caranti, addhānañca āpādentī’’ti.
927“真稀有啊,巴拉德瓦加先生!真不可思议啊,巴拉德瓦加先生!巴拉德瓦加先生,那位知者、见者、阿拉汉、正自觉的世尊说得真是太好了。巴拉德瓦加先生,这就是原因,这就是条件,正因如此,那些年轻的比丘们——头发乌黑,正值青春年华,处在人生的第一个阶段,还没有沉迷过感官享乐——却能终生修持圆满、清净的梵行,并且能长久地持续下去。我自己也一样,巴拉德瓦加先生。每当我身未防护、语未防护、意未防护,念未现前,诸根不调伏地进入后宫时,那些贪欲之法就会强烈地侵袭我。可是,巴拉德瓦加先生,每当我身已防护、语已防护、意已防护,念已现前,诸根调伏地进入后宫时,那些贪欲之法就不会那样侵袭我了。太了不起了,巴拉德瓦加先生!太了不起了,巴拉德瓦加先生!就像扶起被推倒的东西、揭开被覆盖的东西、给迷路的人指明道路、在黑暗中拿着油灯让有眼的人能看到形色一样,巴拉德瓦加尊者用种种方式阐明了法。从今天起,我要皈依那位世尊、法和比丘僧团,请巴拉德瓦加尊者接受我为从今日起尽形寿皈依的在家信徒。”
‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bho bhāradvāja; abbhutaṃ, bho bhāradvāja! Yāva subhāsitaṃ cidaṃ , bho bhāradvāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena. Esova kho, bho bhāradvāja, hetu, esa paccayo yenime daharā bhikkhū susū kāḷakesā bhadrena yobbanena samannāgatā paṭhamena vayasā anikīḷitāvino kāmesu yāvajīvaṃ paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ caranti, addhānañca āpādentīti. Ahampi kho, bho bhāradvāja, yasmiṃ samaye arakkhiteneva kāyena, arakkhitāya vācāya, arakkhitena cittena, anupaṭṭhitāya satiyā, asaṃvutehi indriyehi antepuraṃ pavisāmi, ativiya maṃ tasmiṃ samaye lobhadhammā parisahanti. Yasmiñca khvāhaṃ, bho bhāradvāja, samaye rakkhiteneva kāyena, rakkhitāya vācāya, rakkhitena cittena, upaṭṭhitāya satiyā , saṃvutehi indriyehi antepuraṃ pavisāmi, na maṃ tathā tasmiṃ samaye lobhadhammā parisahanti. Abhikkantaṃ, bho bhāradvāja; abhikkantaṃ, bho bhāradvāja! Seyyathāpi , bho bhāradvāja, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya , paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya, cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti; evamevaṃ bhotā bhāradvājena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bho bhāradvāja, taṃ bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, dhammañca, bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ bhāradvājo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Catutthaṃ.
9285. 首那经
5. Soṇasuttaṃ
128有一次,世尊住在王舍城的竹林迦兰陀迦园。那时,居士之子索那来到世尊那里,到了以后,向世尊行礼,坐在一边。坐在一边的居士之子索那对世尊这样说:“尊者,是什么原因,是什么条件,使得这里有些众生就在这一生中不究竟解脱呢?尊者,又是什么原因,是什么条件,使得这里有些众生就在这一生中究竟解脱呢?”(应如前经那样详细展开。)“索那,这就是原因,这就是条件,正因如此,这里有些众生就在这一生中究竟解脱。”
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho soṇo gahapatiputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho soṇo gahapatiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ko nu kho, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme no parinibbāyanti? Ko pana, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyantī’’ti? (Yathā purimasuttantaṃ, evaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ). Ayaṃ kho, soṇa, hetu, ayaṃ paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyantīti. Pañcamaṃ.
9306. 瞿师多经
6. Ghositasuttaṃ
129有一次,尊者阿难住在拘睒弥的瞿师罗园。那时,居士瞿师罗来到尊者阿难那里……坐在一边的居士瞿师罗对尊者阿难这样说:“尊者阿难,‘界之种种,界之种种’,这么说。尊者,究竟到什么程度,是世尊所说的界之种种呢?”“居士,眼界存在,可意的色也存在,会导致乐受的眼识也存在。以触为缘,生起乐受。居士,眼界存在,不可意的色也存在,会导致苦受的眼识也存在。以触为缘,生起苦受。居士,眼界存在,可导致舍受的色——即会导致不苦不乐受的色也存在,会导致不苦不乐受的眼识也存在。以触为缘,生起不苦不乐受。……居士,舌界存在,可意的味也存在,会导致乐受的舌识也存在。以触为缘,生起乐受。居士,舌界存在,不可意的味也存在,会导致苦受的舌识也存在。以触为缘,生起苦受。居士,舌界存在,可导致舍受的味也存在,会导致不苦不乐受的舌识也存在。以触为缘,生起不苦不乐受。……居士,意界存在,可意的法也存在,会导致乐受的意识也存在。以触为缘,生起乐受。居士,意界存在,不可意的法也存在,会导致苦受的意识也存在。以触为缘,生起苦受。居士,意界存在,可导致舍受的法也存在,会导致不苦不乐受的意识也存在。以触为缘,生起不苦不乐受。居士,就是到这个程度,是世尊所说的界之种种。”
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ānando kosambiyaṃ viharati ghositārāme. Atha kho ghosito gahapati yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho ghosito gahapati āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘‘dhātunānattaṃ, dhātunānatta’nti , bhante ānanda, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, dhātunānattaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatā’’ti? ‘‘Saṃvijjati kho, gahapati, cakkhudhātu, rūpā ca manāpā, cakkhuviññāṇañca sukhavedaniyaṃ. Phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati sukhā vedanā. Saṃvijjati kho, gahapati, cakkhudhātu, rūpā ca amanāpā, cakkhuviññāṇañca dukkhavedaniyaṃ. Phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati dukkhā vedanā. Saṃvijjati kho, gahapati, cakkhudhātu, rūpā ca manāpā upekkhāvedaniyā, cakkhuviññāṇañca adukkhamasukhavedaniyaṃ. Phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati adukkhamasukhā vedanā…pe… saṃvijjati kho, gahapati, jivhādhātu, rasā ca manāpā, jivhāviññāṇañca sukhavedaniyaṃ. Phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati sukhā vedanā. Saṃvijjati kho, gahapati, jivhādhātu, rasā ca amanāpā, jivhāviññāṇañca dukkhavedaniyaṃ. Phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati dukkhā vedanā. Saṃvijjati kho, gahapati, jivhādhātu, rasā ca upekkhāvedaniyā, jivhāviññāṇañca adukkhamasukhavedaniyaṃ. Phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati adukkhamasukhā vedanā…pe… saṃvijjati kho, gahapati, manodhātu, dhammā ca manāpā, manoviññāṇañca sukhavedaniyaṃ. Phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati sukhā vedanā. Saṃvijjati kho, gahapati, manodhātu, dhammā ca amanāpā, manoviññāṇañca dukkhavedaniyaṃ. Phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati dukkhā vedanā. Saṃvijjati kho, gahapati, manodhātu, dhammā ca upekkhāvedaniyā, manoviññāṇañca adukkhamasukhavedaniyaṃ. Phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati adukkhamasukhā vedanā. Ettāvatā kho, gahapati, dhātunānattaṃ vuttaṃ bhagavatā’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
9327. 哈利地咖尼经
7. Hāliddikānisuttaṃ
130有一次,尊者大迦旃延住在阿槃提国的拘罗罗迦罗森林小屋。那时,卢醯奢婆罗门的众多弟子,一些拾柴的青年学徒,来到尊者大迦旃延的森林小屋附近。到了之后,他们绕着小屋来回行走,到处游荡,高声喧哗,大声吵嚷,玩着各种在石头上划刻的游戏,还说:‘这些剃光头、沙门打扮的,是些低贱、肤色黑、从梵天脚底出生的人,竟然被他们的供养人恭敬、尊重、崇敬、礼拜、敬仰。’那时,尊者大迦旃延从住所出来,对那些青年说:‘青年们,别出声,我要为你们说法。’听这么一说,那些青年就沉默了。于是,尊者大迦旃延用偈颂对他们说:
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā mahākaccāno avantīsu viharati makkarakate araññakuṭikāyaṃ. Atha kho lohiccassa brāhmaṇassa sambahulā antevāsikā kaṭṭhahārakā māṇavakā yenāyasmato mahākaccānassa araññakuṭikā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā parito parito kuṭikāya anucaṅkamanti anuvicaranti uccāsaddā mahāsaddā kānici kānici seleyyakāni karonti – ‘‘ime pana muṇḍakā samaṇakā ibbhā kaṇhā bandhupādāpaccā, imesaṃ bharatakānaṃ sakkatā garukatā mānitā pūjitā apacitā’’ti. Atha kho āyasmā mahākaccāno vihārā nikkhamitvā te māṇavake etadavoca – ‘‘mā māṇavakā saddamakattha; dhammaṃ vo bhāsissāmī’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, te māṇavakā tuṇhī ahesuṃ. Atha kho āyasmā mahākaccāno te māṇavake gāthāhi ajjhabhāsi –
934“再者,居士,比丘以耳听到声后……以鼻嗅到香后……以舌尝到味后……以身触到所触后……以意识知法后,了知:‘这是可意的’,也了知那会导致乐受的意识。以触为缘,生起乐受。再者,以意识知法后,了知:‘这是不可意的’,也了知那会导致苦受的意识。以触为缘,生起苦受。再者,以意识知法后,了知:‘这是作为舍住处的’,也了知那会导致不苦不乐受的意识。以触为缘,生起不苦不乐受。居士,就是这样,依止界之种种,生起触之种种;依止触之种种,生起受之种种。”
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, gahapati, bhikkhu sotena saddaṃ sutvā…pe… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā…pe… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā…pe… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya ‘manāpaṃ ittheta’nti pajānāti manoviññāṇaṃ sukhavedaniyañca . Phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati sukhā vedanā. Manasā kho paneva dhammaṃ viññāya ‘amanāpaṃ ittheta’nti pajānāti manoviññāṇaṃ dukkhavedaniyañca. Phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati dukkhā vedanā. Manasā kho paneva dhammaṃ viññāya ‘upekkhāṭṭhāniyaṃ ittheta’nti pajānāti manoviññāṇaṃ adukkhamasukhavedaniyañca. Phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati adukkhamasukhā vedanā. Evaṃ kho, gahapati, dhātunānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati phassanānattaṃ; phassanānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati vedanānānatta’’nti. Sattamaṃ.
9358. 那古喇父经
8. Nakulapitusuttaṃ
131有一次,世尊住在跋葛国的苏苏马罗山边的凯萨卡拉树林里的鹿野苑。那时,在家居士那拘罗父来到世尊那里……坐在一边的在家居士那拘罗父对世尊这样说:“尊者,是什么原因,是什么条件,使得这里有些众生就在这一生中不究竟解脱呢?尊者,又是什么原因,是什么条件,使得这里有些众生就在这一生中究竟解脱呢?”“居士,存在着眼所能识知的色,那些令人想要、喜爱、可意、悦意、与感官欲乐相应、有诱惑力的色。如果一位比丘对此欢喜、欢迎、牢固地执取,当他这样欢喜、欢迎、牢固地执取时,他的识就会倚赖于它、执取于它。居士,有执取的比丘,不会究竟解脱。……居士,存在着舌所能识知的味……居士,存在着意所能识知的法,那些令人想要、喜爱、可意、悦意、与感官欲乐相应、有诱惑力的法。如果一位比丘对此欢喜、欢迎、牢固地执取,当他这样欢喜、欢迎、牢固地执取时,他的识就会倚赖于它、执取于它。居士,有执取的比丘,不会究竟解脱。居士,这就是原因,这就是条件,正因如此,这里有些众生就在这一生中不究竟解脱。”
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā bhaggesu viharati susumāragire bhesakaḷāvane migadāye. Atha kho nakulapitā gahapati yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho nakulapitā gahapati bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ko nu kho, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme no parinibbāyanti? Ko pana, bhante, hetu, ko paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyantī’’ti? ‘‘Santi kho, gahapati, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato tannissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ hoti tadupādānaṃ. Saupādāno, gahapati, bhikkhu no parinibbāyati…pe… santi kho, gahapati, jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe… santi kho, gahapati, manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā . Tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ abhinandato abhivadato ajjhosāya tiṭṭhato tannissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ hoti tadupādānaṃ. Saupādāno, gahapati, bhikkhu no parinibbāyati . Ayaṃ kho, gahapati, hetu ayaṃ paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme no parinibbāyanti’’.
937居士,确实有眼识所识的色,是可喜、可爱、可意、令人愉悦、伴随感官欲乐、能引发贪染的。如果一位比丘对此不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续地执取,那么当他对此不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续地执取时,识就不会依止它,不会执取它。居士,没有执取的比丘就般涅槃了……居士,确实有舌识所识的味……居士,确实有意识所识的法,是可喜、可爱、可意、令人愉悦、伴随感官欲乐、能引发贪染的。如果一位比丘对此不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续地执取,那么当他对此不欢喜、不欢迎、不持续地执取时,识就不会依止它,不会执取它。居士,没有执取的比丘就般涅槃了。居士,这就是原因,这就是条件,依此在当下就有某些众生般涅槃。第八经。
‘‘Santi ca kho, gahapati, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhunābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ anabhinandato anabhivadato anajjhosāya tiṭṭhato na tannissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ hoti, na tadupādānaṃ. Anupādāno, gahapati, bhikkhu parinibbāyati…pe… santi kho, gahapati, jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe… santi kho, gahapati, manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Tassa taṃ nābhinandato nābhivadato anajjhosāya tiṭṭhato na tannissitaṃ viññāṇaṃ hoti na tadupādānaṃ. Anupādāno, gahapati, bhikkhu parinibbāyati. Ayaṃ kho, gahapati, hetu, ayaṃ paccayo yena midhekacce sattā diṭṭheva dhamme parinibbāyantī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
9389. 罗希吒经
9. Lohiccasuttaṃ
132有一次,尊者大迦旃延住在阿盘提国的拘罗罗嘎罗山边险峻处。那时,在家居士哈利迪卡尼来到尊者大迦旃延那里……坐在一边的在家居士哈利迪卡尼对尊者大迦旃延这样说:“尊者,世尊说过:‘依止界之种种,生起触之种种;依止触之种种,生起受之种种。’尊者,如何依止界之种种,生起触之种种;依止触之种种,生起受之种种呢?”“居士,这里,比丘以眼看到色后,了知:‘这是可意的’,也了知那会导致乐受的眼识。以触为缘,生起乐受。再者,以眼看到色后,了知:‘这是不可意的’,也了知那会导致苦受的眼识。以触为缘,生起苦受。再者,以眼看到色后,了知:‘这是作为舍住处的’,也了知那会导致不苦不乐受的眼识。以触为缘,生起不苦不乐受。
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā mahākaccāno avantīsu viharati kuraraghare papāte pabbate. Atha kho hāliddikāni gahapati yenāyasmā mahākaccāno tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho hāliddikāni gahapati āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘vuttamidaṃ, bhante, bhagavatā – ‘dhātunānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati phassanānattaṃ; phassanānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati vedanānānatta’nti. Kathaṃ nu kho, bhante, dhātunānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati phassanānattaṃ; phassanānattaṃ paṭicca uppajjati vedanānānatta’’nti? ‘‘Idha, gahapati, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā ‘manāpaṃ ittheta’nti pajānāti cakkhuviññāṇaṃ sukhavedaniyañca . Phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati sukhā vedanā. Cakkhunā kho paneva rūpaṃ disvā ‘amanāpaṃ ittheta’nti pajānāti cakkhuviññāṇaṃ dukkhavedaniyañca. Phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati dukkhā vedanā. Cakkhunā kho paneva rūpaṃ disvā ‘upekkhāṭṭhāniyaṃ ittheta’nti pajānāti cakkhuviññāṇaṃ adukkhamasukhavedaniyañca. Phassaṃ paṭicca uppajjati adukkhamasukhā vedanā.
940‘往昔的婆罗门,以戒德为最上,
‘‘Sīluttamā pubbatarā ahesuṃ,
941那些记得古制的婆罗门们,
Te brāhmaṇā ye purāṇaṃ saranti;
942他们的根门被善加守护,坚固地保卫着,
Guttāni dvārāni surakkhitāni,
943他们克服了愤怒,拥有这些素质。’
Ahesuṃ tesaṃ abhibhuyya kodhaṃ.
944他们曾乐于法与禅那,
‘‘Dhamme ca jhāne ca ratā ahesuṃ,
945那些婆罗门,他们记得古昔;
Te brāhmaṇā ye purāṇaṃ saranti;
946然而这些人偏离了,说‘我们只是念诵’,
Ime ca vokkamma japāmaseti,
947沉醉于出身,行为不正。
Gottena mattā visamaṃ caranti.
948被嗔怒征服,用棍棒加害许多众生,
‘‘Kodhābhibhūtā puthuattadaṇḍā ,
949在充满渴爱的众生中,他们却离染无求。
Virajjamānā sataṇhātaṇhesu;
950不守护根门的人,他的一切努力都是徒劳。
Aguttadvārassa bhavanti moghā,
951就像一个人在梦中得到的钱财一样。
Supineva laddhaṃ purisassa vittaṃ.
952那些断食的人,睡在荆棘床上的人,
‘‘Anāsakā thaṇḍilasāyikā ca;
953清晨沐浴的人,还有诵持三吠陀的人。
Pāto sinānañca tayo ca vedā.
954穿粗糙鹿皮衣、结发髻涂泥垢的人,靠咒语、戒禁与苦行,
‘‘Kharājinaṃ jaṭāpaṅko, mantā sīlabbataṃ tapo;
955以及搞欺骗、执弯杖、用清水作洗净仪式的人。
Kuhanā vaṅkadaṇḍā ca, udakācamanāni ca.
956这些婆罗门的容貌,是从怎样的修行炼成的?
‘‘Vaṇṇā ete brāhmaṇānaṃ, katā kiñcikkhabhāvanā;
957心也善加安定,清净无垢,
Cittañca susamāhitaṃ, vippasannamanāvilaṃ;
958对一切众生没有敌意,那便是通往梵天的道路。
Akhilaṃ sabbabhūtesu, so maggo brahmapattiyā’’ti.
959那时,那些青年愤怒不满,就去找婆罗门路希呵。到了之后,对婆罗门路希呵说:“哎呀!尊长该知道,沙门大迦旃延把婆罗门的咒语全盘否定了,完全排斥!”听到这话,婆罗门路希呵既生气又不满。接着,婆罗门路希呵心里想:“光听这些年轻人一面之词就去责备、辱骂沙门大迦旃延,实在不妥。我何不亲自去问他呢?”
Atha kho te māṇavakā kupitā anattamanā yena lohicco brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā lohiccaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘yagghe! Bhavaṃ jāneyya, samaṇo mahākaccāno brāhmaṇānaṃ mante ekaṃsena apavadati, paṭikkosatī’’ti? Evaṃ vutte, lohicco brāhmaṇo kupito ahosi anattamano. Atha kho lohiccassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi – ‘‘na kho pana metaṃ patirūpaṃ yohaṃ aññadatthu māṇavakānaṃyeva sutvā samaṇaṃ mahākaccānaṃ akkoseyyaṃ paribhāseyyaṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ upasaṅkamitvā puccheyya’’nti.
960于是,婆罗门路希呵便与那些青年一起,前往尊者大迦旃延那里。见到尊者大迦旃延后,彼此问候致意。说完悦耳的迎送话语,路希呵婆罗门坐在一旁。坐定之后,他对尊者大迦旃延说:“尊敬的迦旃延,我们有几位捡柴火的青年弟子来过这里吗?”“婆罗门,确有几位你的捡柴青年弟子来过。”“那么,尊者迦旃延和他们之间可有过什么交谈吗?”“婆罗门,我和那些青年之间确实有些交谈。”“那尊者迦旃延和他们的谈话是怎样的呢?”“婆罗门,我和那些青年的谈话是这样:
Atha kho lohicco brāhmaṇo tehi māṇavakehi saddhiṃ yenāyasmā mahākaccāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā mahākaccānena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho lohicco brāhmaṇo āyasmantaṃ mahākaccānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āgamaṃsu nu khvidha, bho kaccāna, amhākaṃ sambahulā antevāsikā kaṭṭhahārakā māṇavakā’’ti? ‘‘Āgamaṃsu khvidha te, brāhmaṇa, sambahulā antevāsikā kaṭṭhahārakā māṇavakā’’ti. ‘‘Ahu pana bhoto kaccānassa tehi māṇavakehi saddhiṃ kocideva kathāsallāpo’’ti? ‘‘Ahu kho me, brāhmaṇa, tehi māṇavakehi saddhiṃ kocideva kathāsallāpo’’ti . ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana bhoto kaccānassa tehi māṇavakehi saddhiṃ ahosi kathāsallāpo’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ kho me, brāhmaṇa, tehi māṇavakehi saddhiṃ ahosi kathāsallāpo –
961“往昔的婆罗门,以戒为至上,
‘‘Sīluttamā pubbatarā ahesuṃ,
962那些忆念往昔的婆罗门……(中略)……
Te brāhmaṇā ye purāṇaṃ saranti;…Pe…;
963对一切众生无怨恨,
Akhilaṃ sabbabhūtesu,
964这就是达到梵天的道路。
So maggo brahmapattiyā’’ti.
965婆罗门,我与那些青年婆罗门之间,就是这样交谈的。
‘‘Evaṃ kho me, brāhmaṇa, tehi māṇavakehi saddhiṃ ahosi kathāsallāpo’’ti.
966“迦旃延尊者说‘不守护根门’。迦旃延尊者,怎样才叫不守护根门呢?”“婆罗门,在此,有人用眼看到色之后,对可意的色生起粘着,对不可意的色生起反感,并且住于身念未住立、心量狭小的状态,不能如实了知那能使已生起的恶不善法完全灭尽的心解脱和慧解脱。用耳听到声之后……用鼻嗅到香之后……用舌尝到味之后……用身触到触之后……用意认知到法之后,对可意的法生起粘着,对不可意的法生起反感,并且住于身念未住立、心量狭小的状态,不能如实了知那能使已生起的恶不善法完全灭尽的心解脱和慧解脱。婆罗门,这样就是不守护根门。”“真是稀有啊,迦旃延尊者!真是不可思议,迦旃延尊者!迦旃延尊者竟能把本来就不是守护根门的状态,如实地解说为‘不守护根门’。”
‘‘‘Aguttadvāro’ti bhavaṃ kaccāno āha. Kittāvatā nu kho, bho kaccāna, aguttadvāro hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idha, brāhmaṇa, ekacco cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā piyarūpe rūpe adhimuccati, appiyarūpe rūpe byāpajjati, anupaṭṭhitakāyassati ca viharati, parittacetaso tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya piyarūpe dhamme adhimuccati, appiyarūpe ca dhamme byāpajjati, anupaṭṭhitakāyassati ca viharati, parittacetaso tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti. Evaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, aguttadvāro hotī’’ti. ‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bho kaccāna; abbhutaṃ, bho kaccāna! Yāvañcidaṃ bhotā kaccānena aguttadvārova samāno aguttadvāroti akkhāto.
967“‘守护根门’是迦旃延尊者说的。迦旃延尊者,怎样才叫守护根门呢?”“婆罗门,在此,比丘用眼看到色之后,对可意的色不生粘着,对不可意的色不生反感,并且住于身念已住立、心量无量的状态,如实了知那能使已生起的恶不善法完全灭尽的心解脱和慧解脱。用耳听到声之后……用鼻嗅到香之后……用舌尝到味之后……用身触到触之后……用意认知到法之后,对可意的法不生粘着,对不可意的法不生反感,并且住于身念已住立、心量无量的状态,如实了知那能使已生起的恶不善法完全灭尽的心解脱和慧解脱。婆罗门,这样就是守护根门。”
‘‘‘Guttadvāro’ti bhavaṃ kaccāno āha. Kittāvatā nu kho, bho kaccāna, guttadvāro hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idha, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā piyarūpe rūpe nādhimuccati, appiyarūpe rūpe na byāpajjati, upaṭṭhitakāyassati ca viharati, appamāṇacetaso tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya piyarūpe dhamme nādhimuccati, appiyarūpe dhamme na byāpajjati, upaṭṭhitakāyassati ca viharati, appamāṇacetaso tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti. Evaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, guttadvāro hotī’’ti.
968“真稀奇啊,尊敬的迦旃延!真不可思议啊,尊敬的迦旃延!您虽然守护着感官之门,却能如此清楚地指明什么叫做守护感官之门。太了不起了,尊敬的迦旃延!太了不起了,尊敬的迦旃延!就像把翻倒的扶正,把隐蔽的揭开,给迷路的人指明道路,在黑暗中举着油灯,让有眼的人能看到东西;同样地,尊敬的迦旃延用种种方式把法阐明了。尊敬的迦旃延,我归依那位世尊、归依法、归依比丘僧团。请尊者迦旃延接受我为优婆塞,从今天起,尽此一生,我都归依。也愿尊者迦旃延就像光顾摩卡罗村的优婆塞家庭一样,也光顾罗希吒家。在那里,若有年轻男女向您致敬、起迎、提供座位或供养净水,那将给他们带来长久的利益和安乐。”
‘‘Acchariyaṃ, bho kaccāna; abbhutaṃ, bho kaccāna! Yāvañcidaṃ bhotā kaccānena guttadvārova samāno guttadvāroti akkhāto. Abhikkantaṃ, bho kaccāna; abhikkantaṃ, bho kaccāna! Seyyathāpi, bho kaccāna, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya, cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti; evamevaṃ bhotā kaccānena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bho kaccāna, taṃ bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, dhammañca, bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ kaccāno dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gataṃ. Yathā ca bhavaṃ kaccāno makkarakate upāsakakulāni upasaṅkamati; evameva lohiccakulaṃ upasaṅkamatu. Tattha ye māṇavakā vā māṇavikā vā bhavantaṃ kaccānaṃ abhivādessanti paccuṭṭhissanti āsanaṃ vā udakaṃ vā dassanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti. Navamaṃ.
96910. 韦拉哈吒尼经
10. Verahaccānisuttaṃ
133有一次,尊者优陀夷住在咖曼达地区,陀提耶婆罗门的芒果园里。那时,韦拉杭迦尼族女婆罗门的一个年轻婆罗门学生,来到尊者优陀夷这里;到了以后,与尊者优陀夷友好地寒暄问候。说完亲切、使彼此铭记的话后,他坐在一边。坐在一边后,尊者优陀夷用法的开示来教导、鼓励、激励、启发那位年轻婆罗门,使他欢喜。于是,那位年轻婆罗门在得到尊者优陀夷法的教导、鼓励、激励和启发后,从座位起身,来到韦拉杭迦尼族女婆罗门这里;到了之后,对韦拉杭迦尼族女婆罗门说:“女主人,您应当知道!沙门优陀夷说法,是开头好、中间好、结尾好的,他开显了既有意义、又有字句表述的,全然圆满、完全清净的梵行。”
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā udāyī kāmaṇḍāyaṃ viharati todeyyassa brāhmaṇassa ambavane. Atha kho verahaccānigottāya brāhmaṇiyā antevāsī māṇavako yenāyasmā udāyī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā udāyinā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho taṃ māṇavakaṃ āyasmā udāyī dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Atha kho so māṇavako āyasmatā udāyinā dhammiyā kathāya sandassito samādapito samuttejito sampahaṃsito uṭṭhāyāsanā yena verahaccānigottā brāhmaṇī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā verahaccānigottaṃ brāhmaṇiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yagghe, bhoti, jāneyyāsi ! Samaṇo udāyī dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ , sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsetī’’ti.
971“那么,年轻人,你以我的名义邀请沙门优陀夷,请他明天接受餐食供养。”“好的,女主人。”那位年轻婆罗门这样应答了韦拉杭迦尼族女婆罗门后,便来到尊者优陀夷那里;到了之后,对尊者优陀夷说:“尊者,我们的师母韦拉杭迦尼族女婆罗门恳请您明天接受餐食供养。”尊者优陀夷以沉默应允了。第二天清晨,尊者优陀夷穿好下衣,拿着钵与大衣,来到韦拉杭迦尼族女婆罗门的住所;到了之后,他坐在已铺好的座位上。接着,韦拉杭迦尼族女婆罗门亲手用美味的主食和副食招待、款待尊者优陀夷。然后,当尊者优陀夷吃好,手已离开钵时,女婆罗门却穿上凉鞋,坐在高高的座位上,用布蒙着头,对尊者优陀夷说:“沙门,说法吧。”尊者回答:“姊妹,会有时间的。”说完便从座位起身离开了。
‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, māṇavaka, mama vacanena samaṇaṃ udāyiṃ nimantehi svātanāya bhattenā’’ti . ‘‘Evaṃ bhotī’’ti kho so māṇavako verahaccānigottāya brāhmaṇiyā paṭissutvā yenāyasmā udāyī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘adhivāsetu kira, bhavaṃ, udāyi, amhākaṃ ācariyabhariyāya verahaccānigottāya brāhmaṇiyā svātanāya bhatta’’nti. Adhivāsesi kho āyasmā udāyī tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho āyasmā udāyī tassā rattiyā accayena pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena verahaccānigottāya brāhmaṇiyā nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho verahaccānigottā brāhmaṇī āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi. Atha kho verahaccānigottā brāhmaṇī āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ pādukā ārohitvā ucce āsane nisīditvā sīsaṃ oguṇṭhitvā āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘bhaṇa, samaṇa, dhamma’’nti. ‘‘Bhavissati, bhagini, samayo’’ti vatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkami .
972第二次,那位年轻婆罗门又来到尊者优陀夷这里;到了之后,与尊者优陀夷友好地寒暄问候。说完亲切、使彼此铭记的话后,他坐在一边。坐在一边后,尊者优陀夷用法的开示来教导、鼓励、激励、启发那位年轻婆罗门,使他欢喜。第二次,那位年轻婆罗门在得到尊者优陀夷法的教导、鼓励、激励和启发后,从座位起身,来到韦拉杭迦尼族女婆罗门这里;到了之后,对韦拉杭迦尼族女婆罗门说:“女主人,您应当知道!沙门优陀夷说法,是开头好、中间好、结尾好的,他开显了既有意义、又有字句表述的,全然圆满、完全清净的梵行。”
Dutiyampi kho so māṇavako yenāyasmā udāyī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā udāyinā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho taṃ māṇavakaṃ āyasmā udāyī dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṃsesi. Dutiyampi kho so māṇavako āyasmatā udāyinā dhammiyā kathāya sandassito samādapito samuttejito sampahaṃsito uṭṭhāyāsanā yena verahaccānigottā brāhmaṇī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā verahaccānigottaṃ brāhmaṇiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yagghe, bhoti, jāneyyāsi! Samaṇo udāyī dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ , sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsetī’’ti.
973女婆罗门说:“即使你这样称赞沙门优陀夷,年轻人。但当我对沙门优陀夷说‘沙门,说法吧’时,他却说‘姊妹,会有时间的’,然后就从座位起身离开了。” “女主人,那是因为您当时穿着凉鞋,坐在高座上,蒙着头,对他说‘沙门,说法吧’。要知道,那些尊者们是敬重法的,他们是尊重法的人啊。” “那么,年轻人,你以我的名义邀请沙门优陀夷,请他明天接受餐食供养。”“好的,女主人。”那位年轻婆罗门这样应答了韦拉杭迦尼族女婆罗门后,便来到尊者优陀夷那里;到了之后,对尊者优陀夷说:“尊者优陀夷,我们的师母韦拉杭迦尼族女婆罗门恳请您明天接受餐食供养。”尊者优陀夷以沉默应允了。
‘‘Evamevaṃ pana tvaṃ, māṇavaka, samaṇassa udāyissa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsasi. Samaṇo panudāyī ‘bhaṇa, samaṇa, dhamma’nti vutto samāno ‘bhavissati, bhagini, samayo’ti vatvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkanto’’ti. ‘‘Tathā hi pana tvaṃ, bhoti, pādukā ārohitvā ucce āsane nisīditvā sīsaṃ oguṇṭhitvā etadavoca – ‘bhaṇa, samaṇa, dhamma’nti. Dhammagaruno hi te bhavanto dhammagāravā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, māṇavaka, mama vacanena samaṇaṃ udāyiṃ nimantehi svātanāya bhattenā’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhotī’’ti kho so māṇavako verahaccānigottāya brāhmaṇiyā paṭissutvā yenāyasmā udāyī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘adhivāsetu kira bhavaṃ udāyī amhākaṃ ācariyabhariyāya verahaccānigottāya brāhmaṇiyā svātanāya bhatta’’nti. Adhivāsesi kho āyasmā udāyī tuṇhībhāvena.
974第二天清晨,尊者优陀夷穿好下衣,拿着钵与大衣,来到韦拉杭迦尼族女婆罗门的住所;到了之后,他坐在已铺好的座位上。接着,韦拉杭迦尼族女婆罗门亲手用美味的主食和副食招待、款待尊者优陀夷。然后,当尊者优陀夷吃好,手已离开钵时,女婆罗门脱下凉鞋,坐在低矮的座位上,露出头来,对尊者优陀夷这样说:“尊者,在什么存在的情况下,阿拉汉们会安立乐与苦?在什么不存在的情况下,阿拉汉们不会安立乐与苦呢?”
Atha kho āyasmā udāyī tassā rattiyā accayena pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya yena verahaccānigottāya brāhmaṇiyā nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho verahaccānigottā brāhmaṇī āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi. Atha kho verahaccānigottā brāhmaṇī āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ pādukā orohitvā nīce āsane nisīditvā sīsaṃ vivaritvā āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kismiṃ nu kho, bhante, sati arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti, kismiṃ asati arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ na paññapentī’’ti?
975姊妹,有眼的时候,阿拉汉会施设苦与乐;没有眼的时候,阿拉汉不施设苦与乐……有舌的时候,阿拉汉会施设苦与乐;没有舌的时候,阿拉汉不施设苦与乐……有意的时候,阿拉汉会施设苦与乐;没有意的时候,阿拉汉不施设苦与乐。
‘‘Cakkhusmiṃ kho, bhagini, sati arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti, cakkhusmiṃ asati arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ na paññapenti…pe… jivhāya sati arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti, jivhāya asati arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ na paññapenti…pe…. Manasmiṃ sati arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ paññapenti, manasmiṃ asati arahanto sukhadukkhaṃ na paññapentī’’ti.
976听了这话,韦罗哈迦尼族的婆罗门女对优陀夷尊者这样说:“太殊胜了,大德!太殊胜了,大德!大德,就像把倾倒的扶正,把隐蔽的揭开,给迷路的人指出道路,在黑暗中举起油灯,让有眼睛的人看见颜色;同样地,优陀夷圣者用种种方式阐明了法。圣者优陀夷,我从今天起,尽形寿,归依世尊、法和比丘僧。请优陀夷圣者接受我为优婆夷,从今天起,尽形寿归依。”第十经。
Evaṃ vutte, verahaccānigottā brāhmaṇī āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante; abhikkantaṃ, bhante! Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya , paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya, cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantīti; evamevaṃ ayyena udāyinā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, ayya udāyi, taṃ bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, dhammañca, bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsikaṃ maṃ ayyo udāyī dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti. Dasamaṃ.
977下面是结集偈:
Tassuddānaṃ –
978居士品第十三
Gahapativaggo terasamo.
979其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
980毗舍离、跋耆、那烂陀,婆罗堕若、索那与瞿师罗;
Vesālī vajji nāḷandā, bhāradvāja soṇo ca ghosito;
981诃梨提迦、那拘罗父,卢夷强耆、韦罗哈迦尼。
Hāliddiko nakulapitā, lohicco verahaccānīti.
982第十四 天臂品。
14. Devadahavaggo
98314. 天德哈品
14. Devadahavaggo
9841. 迭瓦达哈经
1. Devadahasuttaṃ
134有一次,世尊住在释迦族中一个叫天臂城的释迦族城镇。在那里,世尊对诸比丘说:‘诸比丘,我并不是说,所有的比丘在六触处上都需要以不放逸来用功;诸比丘,我也不是说,所有的比丘在六触处上都无需以不放逸来用功。诸比丘,那些比丘是阿拉汉,已灭尽烦恼,修行圆满,应作已作,卸下了重担,达成了真正的目标,彻底摧毁了有结缚,通过正智彻底解脱——诸比丘,对于这些比丘,我说他们在六触处上无需以不放逸来用功。那是什么原因呢?因为他们已经凭不放逸完成了该做的,他们不可能再放逸了。然而,诸比丘,那些比丘还在修学中,还未证得心解脱,正怀着对无上安稳的渴望而住——诸比丘,对于这些比丘,我说他们在六触处上需要以不放逸来用功。那是什么原因呢?诸比丘,有眼可以识知的色,有些是可心的,有些是不可心的。他接触到这些之后,心并不会被彻底控制而停滞。因为心不被彻底控制,精进得以发起而不懈怠,念已安立而不忘失,身体轻安而不躁动,心入定而专注。诸比丘,正是看到这不放逸的成果,我才对那些比丘说,在六触处上需要以不放逸来用功……诸比丘,有意可以识知的法,有些是可心的,有些是不可心的。他接触到这些之后,心并不会被彻底控制而停滞。因为心不被彻底控制,精进得以发起而不懈怠,念已安立而不忘失,身体轻安而不躁动,心入定而专注。诸比丘,正是看到这不放逸的成果,我才对那些比丘说,在六触处上需要以不放逸来用功。’这是第一段。
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati devadahaṃ nāma sakyānaṃ nigamo. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sabbesaṃyeva bhikkhūnaṃ chasu phassāyatanesu appamādena karaṇīyanti vadāmi, na ca panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sabbesaṃyeva bhikkhūnaṃ chasu phassāyatanesu nāppamādena karaṇīyanti vadāmi. Ye te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū arahanto khīṇāsavā vusitavanto katakaraṇīyā ohitabhārā anuppattasadatthā parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojanā sammadaññā vimuttā, tesāhaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ chasu phassāyatanesu nāppamādena karaṇīyanti vadāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Kataṃ tesaṃ appamādena, abhabbā te pamajjituṃ. Ye ca kho te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū sekkhā appattamānasā anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ patthayamānā viharanti, tesāhaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ chasu phassāyatanesu appamādena karaṇīyanti vadāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Santi, bhikkhave, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā manoramāpi, amanoramāpi. Tyāssa phussa phussa cittaṃ na pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti. Cetaso apariyādānā āraddhaṃ hoti vīriyaṃ asallīnaṃ, upaṭṭhitā sati asammuṭṭhā , passaddho kāyo asāraddho, samāhitaṃ cittaṃ ekaggaṃ. Imaṃ khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, appamādaphalaṃ sampassamāno tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ chasu phassāyatanesu appamādena karaṇīyanti vadāmi…pe… santi, bhikkhave, manoviññeyyā dhammā manoramāpi amanoramāpi. Tyāssa phussa phussa cittaṃ na pariyādāya tiṭṭhanti. Cetaso apariyādānā āraddhaṃ hoti vīriyaṃ asallīnaṃ, upaṭṭhitā sati asammuṭṭhā, passaddho kāyo asāraddho, samāhitaṃ cittaṃ ekaggaṃ. Imaṃ khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, appamādaphalaṃ sampassamāno tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ chasu phassāyatanesu appamādena karaṇīyanti vadāmī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
9862. 刹那经
2. Khaṇasuttaṃ
135'诸比丘,你们有收获!诸比丘,你们大有收获!你们得到了过梵行生活的时机。诸比丘,我曾见过名为“六触处”的地狱。在那里,无论用眼睛见到什么色,都只见到不可爱的色,见不到可爱的色;只见到不迷人的色,见不到迷人的色;只见到不可心的色,见不到可心的色。无论用耳朵听到什么声……无论用鼻子闻到什么香……无论用舌头尝到什么味……无论用身体碰触到什么触……无论用心认知到什么法,都只认知到不可爱的,认知不到可爱的;只认知到不迷人的,认知不到迷人的;只认知到不可心的,认知不到可心的。诸比丘,你们有收获!诸比丘,你们大有收获!你们得到了过梵行生活的时机。诸比丘,我曾见过名为“六触处”的天界。在那里,无论用眼睛见到什么色,都只见到可爱的色,见不到不可爱的色;只见到迷人的色,见不到不迷人的色;只见到可心的色,见不到不可心的色……无论用舌头尝到什么味……无论用心认知到什么法,都只认知到可爱的,认知不到不可爱的;只认知到迷人的,认知不到不迷人的;只认知到可心的,认知不到不可心的。诸比丘,你们有收获!诸比丘,你们大有收获!你们得到了过梵行生活的时机。’这是第二段。
‘‘Lābhā vo, bhikkhave, suladdhaṃ vo, bhikkhave, khaṇo vo paṭiladdho brahmacariyavāsāya. Diṭṭhā mayā, bhikkhave, chaphassāyatanikā nāma nirayā. Tattha yaṃ kiñci cakkhunā rūpaṃ passati aniṭṭharūpaṃyeva passati, no iṭṭharūpaṃ; akantarūpaṃyeva passati, no kantarūpaṃ; amanāparūpaṃyeva passati, no manāparūpaṃ. Yaṃ kiñci sotena saddaṃ suṇāti…pe… yaṃ kiñci ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyati…pe… yaṃ kiñci jivhāya rasaṃ sāyati…pe… yaṃ kiñci kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusati…pe… yaṃ kiñci manasā dhammaṃ vijānāti aniṭṭharūpaṃyeva vijānāti, no iṭṭharūpaṃ; akantarūpaṃyeva vijānāti, no kantarūpaṃ; amanāparūpaṃyeva vijānāti, no manāparūpaṃ. Lābhā vo, bhikkhave, suladdhaṃ vo, bhikkhave, khaṇo vo paṭiladdho brahmacariyavāsāya. Diṭṭhā mayā, bhikkhave, chaphassāyatanikā nāma saggā. Tattha yaṃ kiñci cakkhunā rūpaṃ passati iṭṭharūpaṃyeva passati, no aniṭṭharūpaṃ; kantarūpaṃyeva passati, no akantarūpaṃ; manāparūpaṃyeva passati, no amanāparūpaṃ…pe… yaṃ kiñci jivhāya rasaṃ sāyati…pe… yaṃ kiñci manasā dhammaṃ vijānāti iṭṭharūpaṃyeva vijānāti, no aniṭṭharūpaṃ; kantarūpaṃyeva vijānāti, no akantarūpaṃ; manāparūpaṃyeva vijānāti, no amanāparūpaṃ. Lābhā vo, bhikkhave, suladdhaṃ vo, bhikkhave, khaṇo vo paṭiladdho brahmacariyavāsāyā’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
9883. 第一色喜乐经
3. Paṭhamarūpārāmasuttaṃ
136'诸比丘,天与人乐于色,喜爱色,因色而喜悦。当色变易、褪去、灭尽时,诸比丘,天与人便痛苦地住。诸比丘,天与人乐于声,喜爱声,因声而喜悦。当声变易、褪去、灭尽时,诸比丘,天与人便痛苦地住。乐于香……乐于味……乐于触……诸比丘,天与人乐于法,喜爱法,因法而喜悦。当法变易、褪去、灭尽时,诸比丘,天与人便痛苦地住。但是,诸比丘,如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者如实了知色的集起、灭没、味、患、出离之后,不乐于色,不喜爱色,不因色而喜悦。当色变易、褪去、灭尽时,诸比丘,如来便安乐地住。如实了知声的……香的……味的……触的……法的集起、灭没、味、患、出离之后,不乐于法,不喜爱法,不因法而喜悦。当法变易、褪去、灭尽时,诸比丘,如来便安乐地住。’世尊说了这个。善逝说了这个之后,导师又进一步说道:
‘‘Rūpārāmā, bhikkhave, devamanussā rūparatā rūpasammuditā. Rūpavipariṇāmavirāganirodhā dukkhā, bhikkhave, devamanussā viharanti. Saddārāmā, bhikkhave , devamanussā saddaratā saddasammuditā. Saddavipariṇāmavirāganirodhā dukkhā, bhikkhave, devamanussā viharanti. Gandhārāmā… rasārāmā… phoṭṭhabbārāmā… dhammārāmā, bhikkhave, devamanussā dhammaratā dhammasammuditā. Dhammavipariṇāmavirāganirodhā dukkhā, bhikkhave, devamanussā viharanti. Tathāgato ca kho, bhikkhave, arahaṃ sammāsambuddho rūpānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavaṃ ca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ viditvā na rūpārāmo na rūparato na rūpasammudito. Rūpavipariṇāmavirāganirodhā sukho, bhikkhave, tathāgato viharati. Saddānaṃ… gandhānaṃ… rasānaṃ… phoṭṭhabbānaṃ… dhammānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ viditvā na dhammārāmo, na dhammarato, na dhammasammudito. Dhammavipariṇāmavirāganirodhā sukho, bhikkhave, tathāgato viharati’’. Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
990'色、声、味、香,触以及一切法,
‘‘Rūpā saddā rasā gandhā, phassā dhammā ca kevalā;
991'凡是可爱、迷人又可心的,只要它存在于此世间,都会被这样说。',
Iṭṭhā kantā manāpā ca, yāvatatthīti vuccati.
992'对于包括天人在内的世间,这些就被认为是你们的乐;
‘‘Sadevakassa lokassa, ete vo sukhasammatā;
993在这些现象止息之处,那对他们来说就被看作苦。
Yattha cete nirujjhanti, taṃ tesaṃ dukkhasammataṃ.
994圣者们所见到的乐,是身见的灭除;
‘‘Sukhaṃ diṭṭhamariyebhi, sakkāyassa nirodhanaṃ;
995这看法是与一切世人的眼光完全相反的。
Paccanīkamidaṃ hoti, sabbalokena passataṃ.
996别人称为乐的,圣者们说那是苦;
‘‘Yaṃ pare sukhato āhu, tadariyā āhu dukkhato;
997别人称为苦的,圣者们知道那是乐。
Yaṃ pare dukkhato āhu, tadariyā sukhato vidū.
998看看这难以洞见的法吧,愚痴之人在这里完全迷失了。
‘‘Passa dhammaṃ durājānaṃ, sammūḷhettha aviddasu;
999被遮蔽的人处在黑暗中,看不见的人一片昏暗。
Nivutānaṃ tamo hoti, andhakāro apassataṃ.
1000而对于觉者,它是敞开的,光明属于能见者。
‘‘Satañca vivaṭaṃ hoti, āloko passatāmi;
1001近在眼前,不善巧的人却不认识法之道。
Santike na vijānanti, maggā dhammassa akovidā.
1002被有爱所征服的人,追随有爱的人,
‘‘Bhavarāgaparetebhi , bhavarāgānusārībhi ;
1003那些落入魔域的人,对此法不能完全觉悟。
Māradheyyānupannehi, nāyaṃ dhammo susambudho.
1004除了圣者们,还有谁能觉悟那境界?
‘‘Ko nu aññatra mariyebhi, padaṃ sambuddhumarahati;
1005正确地了知那个境界之后,无漏者们达到彻底涅槃。第三经终。
Yaṃ padaṃ sammadaññāya, parinibbanti anāsavā’’ti. tatiyaṃ;
10064. 第二喜乐于色经
4. Dutiyarūpārāmasuttaṃ
137比丘们,天和人以色为乐、喜好色、沉醉于色。由于色的变异、褪去与灭尽,天和人便住于苦。以声为乐……以香为乐……以味为乐……以触为乐……以法为乐、喜好法、沉醉于法。由于法的变异、褪去与灭尽,天和人便住于苦。然而,比丘们,如来、阿拉汉、正等正觉者如实了知色的集起、灭去、乐味、过患与出离之后,不以色为乐,不喜好色,不沉醉于色。由于色的变异、褪去与灭尽,如来住于乐。如实了知声的……香的……味的……触的……法的集起、灭去、乐味、过患与出离之后,不以法为乐,不喜好法,不沉醉于法。由于法的变异、褪去与灭尽,如来住于乐。第四经终。
‘‘Rūpārāmā, bhikkhave, devamanussā rūparatā rūpasammuditā. Rūpavipariṇāmavirāganirodhā dukkhā, bhikkhave, devamanussā viharanti. Saddārāmā… gandhārāmā… rasārāmā … phoṭṭhabbārāmā… dhammārāmā, bhikkhave, devamanussā dhammaratā dhammasammuditā. Dhammavipariṇāmavirāganirodhā dukkhā, bhikkhave, devamanussā viharanti. Tathāgato ca, bhikkhave, arahaṃ sammāsambuddho rūpānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ viditvā na rūpārāmo na rūparato na rūpasammudito. Rūpavipariṇāmavirāganirodhā sukho, bhikkhave, tathāgato viharati. Saddānaṃ… gandhānaṃ… rasānaṃ… phoṭṭhabbānaṃ… dhammānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca yathābhūtaṃ viditvā na dhammārāmo na dhammarato na dhammasammudito. Dhammavipariṇāmavirāganirodhā sukho, bhikkhave, tathāgato viharatī’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
10085. 第一非你们所有经
5. Paṭhamanatumhākaṃsuttaṃ
138比丘们,凡是你们的,就舍弃它。舍了它对你们有利益、有安乐。什么不是你们的呢?比丘们,眼不是你们的,舍掉它。舍了眼对你们有利益、有安乐。……舌不是你们的,舍掉它。舍了舌对你们有利益、有安乐。……意不是你们的,舍掉它。舍了意对你们有利益、有安乐。比丘们,譬如在这祇陀林里的草、木、枝条、树叶,人们会拿去、烧掉或随意处置。那时,你们会这样想吗:‘有人把我们拿去、烧掉、随意处置’?”“不会的,尊者。”“为什么呢?”“因为那不是我们的‘我’或‘属于我的’。”“同样地,比丘们,眼不是你们的,舍掉它。舍了眼对你们有利益、有安乐。……舌不是你们的,舍掉它。舍了舌对你们有利益、有安乐。……意不是你们的,舍掉它。舍了意对你们有利益、有安乐。”第五经终。
‘‘Yaṃ, bhikkhave, na tumhākaṃ taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Kiñca, bhikkhave, na tumhākaṃ? Cakkhu, bhikkhave, na tumhākaṃ; taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati…pe… jivhā na tumhākaṃ ; taṃ pajahatha. Sā vo pahīnā hitāya sukhāya bhavissati…pe… mano na tumhākaṃ; taṃ pajahatha. So vo pahīno hitāya sukhāya bhavissati. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yaṃ imasmiṃ jetavane tiṇakaṭṭhasākhāpalāsaṃ taṃ jano hareyya vā ḍaheyya vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā kareyya, api nu tumhākaṃ evamassa – ‘amhe jano harati vā ḍahati vā yathāpaccayaṃ vā karotī’’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Taṃ kissa hetu’’? ‘‘Na hi no etaṃ, bhante, attā vā attaniyaṃ vā’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, cakkhu na tumhākaṃ; taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati…pe… jivhā na tumhākaṃ; taṃ pajahatha. Sā vo pahīnā hitāya sukhāya bhavissati…pe… mano na tumhākaṃ ; taṃ pajahatha. So vo pahīno hitāya sukhāya bhavissatī’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
10106. 第二非你们所有经
6. Dutiyanatumhākaṃsuttaṃ
139比丘们,凡是你们的,就舍弃它。舍了它对你们有利益、有安乐。什么不是你们的呢?比丘们,色处不是你们的,舍弃它们。舍弃它们对你们有利益、有安乐。声处……香处……味处……触处……法处不是你们的,舍弃它们。舍弃它们对你们有利益、有安乐。譬如这祇陀林中的……同样地,比丘们,色处不是你们的,舍弃它们。舍弃它们对你们有利益、有安乐。”第六经终。
‘‘Yaṃ, bhikkhave, na tumhākaṃ, taṃ pajahatha. Taṃ vo pahīnaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati . Kiñca, bhikkhave, na tumhākaṃ? Rūpā, bhikkhave, na tumhākaṃ; te pajahatha. Te vo pahīnā hitāya sukhāya bhavissanti. Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā na tumhākaṃ; te pajahatha. Te vo pahīnā hitāya sukhāya bhavissanti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yaṃ imasmiṃ jetavane…pe… evameva kho, bhikkhave, rūpā na tumhākaṃ; te pajahatha. Te vo pahīnā hitāya sukhāya bhavissantī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
10127. 内无常因经
7. Ajjhattāniccahetusuttaṃ
140比丘们,眼是无常的。那个令眼生起的因、那个令眼生起的缘,也是无常的。比丘们,由无常所产生的眼,怎么会是常的呢?……舌是无常的。那个令舌生起的因、那个令舌生起的缘,也是无常的。比丘们,由无常所产生的舌,怎么会是常的呢?……意是无常的。那个令意生起的因、那个令意生起的缘,也是无常的。比丘们,由无常所产生的意,怎么会是常的呢!多闻的圣弟子这样观察时,对眼也厌离……对舌也厌离……厌离而离贪,离贪而解脱;解脱时,生起“已解脱”的智。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有来生。’”第七经终。
‘‘Cakkhuṃ, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ. Yopi hetu, yopi paccayo cakkhussa uppādāya, sopi anicco. Aniccasambhūtaṃ, bhikkhave, cakkhu kuto niccaṃ bhavissati…pe… jivhā aniccā. Yopi hetu, yopi paccayo jivhāya uppādāya sopi anicco. Aniccasambhūtā, bhikkhave, jivhā kuto niccā bhavissati…pe… mano anicco. Yopi, bhikkhave, hetu yopi paccayo manassa uppādāya, sopi anicco. Aniccasambhūto, bhikkhave, mano kuto nicco bhavissati! Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati…pe… jivhāyapi nibbindati…pe… nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
10148. 内苦因经
8. Ajjhattadukkhahetusuttaṃ
141比丘们,眼是苦的。那个令眼生起的因、那个令眼生起的缘,也是苦的。比丘们,由苦所产生的眼,怎么会是乐的呢?……舌是苦的。那个令舌生起的因、那个令舌生起的缘,也是苦的。比丘们,由苦所产生的舌,怎么会是乐的呢?……意是苦的。那个令意生起的因、那个令意生起的缘,也是苦的。比丘们,由苦所产生的意,怎么会是乐的呢!这样观察……他对眼也厌离……厌离而离贪,离贪而解脱;解脱时,生起“已解脱”的智。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有来生。’”第八经终。
‘‘Cakkhuṃ, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ. Yopi hetu yopi paccayo cakkhussa uppādāya, sopi dukkho. Dukkhasambhūtaṃ, bhikkhave, cakkhu kuto sukhaṃ bhavissati…pe… jivhā dukkhā. Yopi hetu, yopi paccayo jivhāya uppādāya, sopi dukkho. Dukkhasambhūtā, bhikkhave, jivhā kuto sukhā bhavissati…pe… mano dukkho. Yopi hetu yopi paccayo manassa uppādāya, sopi dukkho. Dukkhasambhūto, bhikkhave, mano kuto sukho bhavissati! Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
10169. 内无我因经
9. Ajjhattānattahetusuttaṃ
142诸比丘,眼是无我的。那引起眼生起的因、缘,也是无我的。诸比丘,由无我生起的眼,怎么会是我呢?……舌是无我的。那引起舌生起的因、缘,也是无我的。由无我生起的舌,怎么会是我呢?……意是无我的。那引起意生起的因、缘,也是无我的。由无我生起的意,怎么会是我呢!这样看待……他知道:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有这(再生)状态。’第九。
‘‘Cakkhuṃ , bhikkhave, anattā. Yopi hetu, yopi paccayo cakkhussa uppādāya, sopi anattā. Anattasambhūtaṃ, bhikkhave, cakkhu kuto attā bhavissati…pe… jivhā anattā. Yopi hetu yopi paccayo jivhāya uppādāya, sopi anattā. Anattasambhūtā, bhikkhave, jivhā kuto attā bhavissati…pe… mano anattā. Yopi hetu yopi paccayo manassa uppādāya , sopi anattā. Anattasambhūto, bhikkhave, mano kuto attā bhavissati! Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
101810. 外无常因经
10. Bāhirāniccahetusuttaṃ
143诸比丘,色是无常的。那引起色生起的因、缘,也是无常的。诸比丘,由无常生起的色,怎么会是常的呢!声……香……味……触……法是无常的。那引起法生起的因、缘,也是无常的。由无常生起的法,怎么会是常的呢!这样看待……他知道:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有这(再生)状态。’第十。
‘‘Rūpā, bhikkhave, aniccā. Yopi hetu, yopi paccayo rūpānaṃ uppādāya, sopi anicco. Aniccasambhūtā, bhikkhave, rūpā kuto niccā bhavissanti! Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā aniccā. Yopi hetu, yopi paccayo dhammānaṃ uppādāya, sopi anicco. Aniccasambhūtā, bhikkhave, dhammā kuto niccā bhavissanti! Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
102011. 外苦因经
11. Bāhiradukkhahetusuttaṃ
144诸比丘,色是苦的。那引起色生起的因、缘,也是苦的。诸比丘,由苦生起的色,怎么会是乐的呢!声……香……味……触……法是苦的。那引起法生起的因、缘,也是苦的。由苦生起的法,怎么会是乐的呢!这样看待……他知道:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有这(再生)状态。’第十一。
‘‘Rūpā, bhikkhave, dukkhā. Yopi hetu, yopi paccayo rūpānaṃ uppādāya, sopi dukkho. Dukkhasambhūtā, bhikkhave, rūpā kuto sukhā bhavissanti! Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā dukkhā. Yopi hetu, yopi paccayo dhammānaṃ uppādāya, sopi dukkho. Dukkhasambhūtā, bhikkhave, dhammā kuto sukhā bhavissanti! Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti. Ekādasamaṃ.
102212. 外无我因经
12. Bāhirānattahetusuttaṃ
145诸比丘,色是无我的。那引起色生起的因、缘,也是无我的。诸比丘,由无我生起的色,怎么会是我呢!声……香……味……触……法是无我的。那引起法生起的因、缘,也是无我的。由无我生起的法,怎么会是我呢!诸比丘,这样看待的多闻圣弟子,对色也厌离,对声……香……味……触……法也厌离。厌离者离贪,离贪而解脱,解脱时,有‘解脱’之智。他知道:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有这(再生)状态。’第十二。
‘‘Rūpā , bhikkhave, anattā. Yopi hetu, yopi paccayo rūpānaṃ uppādāya, sopi anattā. Anattasambhūtā, bhikkhave, rūpā kuto attā bhavissanti! Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā anattā. Yopi hetu, yopi paccayo dhammānaṃ uppādāya, sopi anattā. Anattasambhūtā, bhikkhave, dhammā kuto attā bhavissanti! Evaṃ passaṃ , bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako rūpesupi nibbindati, saddesupi… gandhesupi… rasesupi… phoṭṭhabbesupi… dhammesupi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti. Dvādasamaṃ.
1024其摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
1025迭瓦达哈品第十四
Devadahavaggo cuddasamo.
1026其摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
1027天湖、刹那、色,和二种非你们所有。
Devadaho khaṇo rūpā, dve natumhākameva ca;
1028通过因缘说了三组,内外成对共两部。
Hetunāpi tayo vuttā, duve ajjhattabāhirāti.
1029第十五品 新与旧
15. Navapurāṇavaggo
103015. 新旧品
15. Navapurāṇavaggo
10311. 业灭经
1. Kammanirodhasuttaṃ
146“诸比丘,我将教导旧业、新业、业的息灭,以及导向业息灭的道路。你们仔细听,好好用心思惟,我要说了。诸比丘,什么是旧业?诸比丘,眼是旧业,是被造作的、被意志所推动的、能被感受到的、应当被看到的……舌是旧业,是被造作的、被意志所推动的、能被感受到的、应当被看到的……意是旧业,是被造作的、被意志所推动的、能被感受到的、应当被看到的。诸比丘,这就叫作旧业。诸比丘,什么是新业?诸比丘,凡是现在通过身体、语言、心意所做的业,诸比丘,这就叫作新业。诸比丘,什么是业的息灭?诸比丘,凡是透过身业、语业、意业的息灭而触达了解脱,诸比丘,这就叫作业的息灭。诸比丘,什么是导向业息灭的道路?就是这条圣八支道,也就是:正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。诸比丘,这就叫作导向业息灭的道路。诸比丘,就这样,旧业已被我教导,新业已被我教导,业的息灭已被我教导,导向业息灭的道路已被我教导。诸比丘,凡是作为导师,为了弟子的利益,出于悲悯、怀着怜悯所该做的事,我已经为你们做了。诸比丘,这里有树下,有安静的空屋。诸比丘,禅修吧,不要放逸,不要以后成为懊悔的人。这就是给你们的教诫。”第一。
‘‘Navapurāṇāni , bhikkhave, kammāni desessāmi kammanirodhaṃ kammanirodhagāminiñca paṭipadaṃ. Taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmīti. Katamañca, bhikkhave, purāṇakammaṃ? Cakkhu, bhikkhave, purāṇakammaṃ abhisaṅkhataṃ abhisañcetayitaṃ vedaniyaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ…pe… jivhā purāṇakammā abhisaṅkhatā abhisañcetayitā vedaniyā daṭṭhabbā…pe… mano purāṇakammo abhisaṅkhato abhisañcetayito vedaniyo daṭṭhabbo. Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, purāṇakammaṃ. Katamañca, bhikkhave, navakammaṃ? Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, etarahi kammaṃ karoti kāyena vācāya manasā, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, navakammaṃ. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, kammanirodho? Yo kho, bhikkhave, kāyakammavacīkammamanokammassa nirodhā vimuttiṃ phusati, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, kammanirodho. Katamā ca, bhikkhave, kammanirodhagāminī paṭipadā? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi, sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammāājīvo, sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati, sammāsamādhi – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, kammanirodhagāminī paṭipadā. Iti kho, bhikkhave, desitaṃ mayā purāṇakammaṃ, desitaṃ navakammaṃ, desito kammanirodho, desitā kammanirodhagāminī paṭipadā. Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, satthārā karaṇīyaṃ sāvakānaṃ hitesinā anukampakena anukampaṃ upādāya, kataṃ vo taṃ mayā. Etāni, bhikkhave, rukkhamūlāni, etāni suññāgārāni. Jhāyatha, bhikkhave, mā pamādattha; mā pacchāvippaṭisārino ahuvattha. Ayaṃ vo amhākaṃ anusāsanī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
10332. 无常涅槃适宜经
2. Aniccanibbānasappāyasuttaṃ
147诸比丘,我将为你们教导导向涅槃的行道。你们听着……诸比丘,什么是那导向涅槃的行道呢?诸比丘,你们怎么想:眼是常的,还是无常的?
‘‘Nibbānasappāyaṃ vo, bhikkhave, paṭipadaṃ desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha…pe… katamā ca sā, bhikkhave, nibbānasappāyā paṭipadā? Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, cakkhu niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
1035是无常的,尊者。
‘‘Aniccaṃ , bhante’’.
10363. 苦涅槃适宜经
3. Dukkhanibbānasappāyasuttaṃ
148“诸比丘,我将教导适合通往涅槃的道路。你们仔细听……诸比丘,什么是适合通往涅槃的道路呢?诸比丘,在这里,比丘看到眼是无常的,看到色是无常的,看到眼识是无常的,看到眼触是无常的,凡是以眼触为条件而生起的感受——快乐的、痛苦的、不苦不乐的,他也看到那也是无常的……看到舌是无常的,看到味是无常的,看到舌识是无常的,看到舌触是无常的,凡是以舌触为条件而生起的感受——快乐的、痛苦的、不苦不乐的,他也看到那也是无常的……看到意是无常的,看到法是无常的,看到意识是无常的,看到意触是无常的,凡是以意触为条件而生起的感受——快乐的、痛苦的、不苦不乐的,他也看到那也是无常的。诸比丘,这就是适合通往涅槃的道路。”第二。
‘‘Nibbānasappāyaṃ vo, bhikkhave, paṭipadaṃ desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha…pe… katamā ca sā, bhikkhave, nibbānasappāyā paṭipadā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhuṃ aniccanti passati, rūpā aniccāti passati, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ aniccanti passati, cakkhusamphasso aniccoti passati. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccanti passati…pe… jivhā aniccāti passati, rasā aniccāti passati, jivhāviññāṇaṃ aniccanti passati, jivhāsamphasso aniccoti passati , yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccanti passati…pe… mano aniccoti passati, dhammā aniccāti passati, manoviññāṇaṃ aniccanti passati, manosamphasso aniccoti passati, yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccanti passati. Ayaṃ kho sā, bhikkhave, nibbānasappāyā paṭipadā’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
10384. 无我涅槃适宜经
4. Anattanibbānasappāyasuttaṃ
149“诸比丘,我将教导适合通往涅槃的道路。你们仔细听……诸比丘,什么是适合通往涅槃的道路呢?诸比丘,在这里,比丘看到眼是苦的,看到色是苦的,看到眼识是苦的,看到眼触是苦的,凡是以眼触为条件而生起的感受——快乐的、痛苦的、不苦不乐的,他也看到那也是苦的……看到舌是苦的……看到意是苦的,看到法是苦的,看到意识是苦的,看到意触是苦的,凡是以意触为条件而生起的感受——快乐的、痛苦的、不苦不乐的,他也看到那也是苦的。诸比丘,这就是适合通往涅槃的道路。”第三。
‘‘Nibbānasappāyaṃ vo, bhikkhave, paṭipadaṃ desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha…pe… katamā ca sā, bhikkhave, nibbānasappāyā paṭipadā? Idha, bhikkhave, cakkhuṃ dukkhanti passati, rūpā dukkhāti passati, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ dukkhanti passati, cakkhusamphasso dukkhoti passati, yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi dukkhanti passati…pe… jivhā dukkhāti passati…pe… mano dukkhoti passati, dhammā dukkhāti passati, manoviññāṇaṃ dukkhanti passati, manosamphasso dukkhoti passati, yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi dukkhanti passati. Ayaṃ kho sā, bhikkhave, nibbānasappāyā paṭipadā’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
10405. 涅槃适宜道经
5. Nibbānasappāyapaṭipadāsuttaṃ
150“诸比丘,我将教导适合通往涅槃的道路。你们仔细听……诸比丘,什么是适合通往涅槃的道路呢?诸比丘,在这里,比丘看到眼是无我的,看到色是无我的,看到眼识是无我的,看到眼触是无我的,凡是以眼触为条件而生起的感受——快乐的、痛苦的、不苦不乐的,他也看到那也是无我的……看到意是无我的,看到法是无我的,看到意识是无我的,看到意触是无我的,凡是以意触为条件而生起的感受——快乐的、痛苦的、不苦不乐的,他也看到那也是无我的。诸比丘,这就是适合通往涅槃的道路。”第四。
‘‘Nibbānasappāyaṃ vo, bhikkhave, paṭipadaṃ desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha…pe… katamā ca sā, bhikkhave, nibbānasappāyā paṭipadā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhuṃ anattāti passati, rūpā anattāti passati, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ anattāti passati, cakkhusamphasso anattāti passati, yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi anattāti passati…pe… mano anattāti passati, dhammā anattāti passati, manoviññāṇaṃ anattāti passati, manosamphasso anattāti passati, yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi anattāti passati. Ayaṃ kho sā, bhikkhave, nibbānasappāyā paṭipadā’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
1042「无常,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ , bhante’’.
1043“而凡是无常的,那是苦的,还是乐的呢?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
1044“是苦的,尊者。”
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
1045「是苦,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
1046“那么,无常、苦、变易的法,适合把它看作‘这是我的,这是我,这是我的自我’吗?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
1047“不,尊者,那样不合适。”
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
1048「不也,尊者。」
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
1049“色是常还是无常?”
‘‘Rūpā niccā vā aniccā vā’’ti?
1050“无常,尊者。”……
‘‘Aniccā, bhante’’…pe….
1051「无常,尊者。」……
‘‘Aniccā, bhante’’…pe….
1052“眼识、眼触……乃至缘意触而生起的感受——乐、苦或不苦不乐——这些是常还是无常?”
‘‘Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ… cakkhusamphasso…pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi niccaṃ vā aniccaṃ vā’’ti?
1053“无常,尊者。”
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
1054「无常,尊者。」
‘‘Aniccaṃ, bhante’’.
1055“那么,那无常的是苦的还是乐的呢?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vā taṃ sukhaṃ vā’’ti?
1056“是苦的,世尊。”
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
1057「是苦,尊者。」
‘‘Dukkhaṃ, bhante’’.
1058“凡是无常的、苦的、会变异之法,适合把它看作是‘这是我的,这是我,这是我的我’吗?”
‘‘Yaṃ panāniccaṃ dukkhaṃ vipariṇāmadhammaṃ, kallaṃ nu taṃ samanupassituṃ – ‘etaṃ mama, esohamasmi, eso me attā’’’ti?
1059「不也,尊者。」
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
1060“诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样观察的时候,对眼也厌离,对诸色也厌离,对眼识也厌离,对眼触也厌离……乃至,以意触为缘而生起的乐受、苦受或不苦不乐受,对它也厌离。厌离则离贪,离贪则解脱……他知道‘不再有再生’。诸比丘,这就是那条顺适涅槃的行道。”
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati, rūpesupi nibbindati, cakkhuviññāṇepi nibbindati, cakkhusamphassepi nibbindati…pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tasmimpi nibbindati . Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati …pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāti. Ayaṃ kho sā, bhikkhave, nibbānasappāyā paṭipadā’’ti . Pañcamaṃ.
10616. 弟子经
6. Antevāsikasuttaṃ
151“诸比丘,这种梵行是过着无弟子、无老师的生活。诸比丘,有弟子、有老师的比丘,生活痛苦、不自在。诸比丘,无弟子、无老师的比丘,生活快乐、自在。而诸比丘,怎样是有弟子、有老师的比丘,生活痛苦、不自在呢?诸比丘,这里比丘以眼见色后,生起恶不善法、忆念与贪着相应的念头。那些恶不善法安住在他内部,由于恶不善法安住在他内部,他被称作‘有弟子’;那些法支配他,由于恶不善法支配他,他被称作‘有老师’……(中略)。”
‘‘Anantevāsikamidaṃ , bhikkhave, brahmacariyaṃ vussati anācariyakaṃ. Santevāsiko, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sācariyako dukkhaṃ na phāsu viharati. Anantevāsiko, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anācariyako sukhaṃ phāsu viharati. Kathañca, bhikkhu, santevāsiko sācariyako dukkhaṃ na phāsu viharati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā sarasaṅkappā saṃyojaniyā. Tyāssa anto vasanti, antassa vasanti pāpakā akusalā dhammāti. Tasmā santevāsikoti vuccati. Te naṃ samudācaranti, samudācaranti naṃ pāpakā akusalā dhammāti. Tasmā sācariyakoti vuccati…pe….
1063“再者,诸比丘,比丘以舌尝味后,生起恶不善法、忆念与贪着相应的念头。那些恶不善法安住在他内部,由于恶不善法安住在他内部,他被称作‘有弟子’;那些法支配他,由于恶不善法支配他,他被称作‘有老师’……(中略)。”
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā sarasaṅkappā saṃyojaniyā. Tyāssa anto vasanti, antassa vasanti pāpakā akusalā dhammāti. Tasmā santevāsikoti vuccati. Te naṃ samudācaranti, samudācaranti naṃ pāpakā akusalā dhammāti. Tasmā sācariyakoti vuccati…pe….
1064“再者,诸比丘,比丘以意识了别法后,生起恶不善法、忆念与贪着相应的念头。那些恶不善法安住在他内部,由于恶不善法安住在他内部,他被称作‘有弟子’;那些法支配他,由于恶不善法支配他,他被称作‘有老师’。诸比丘,就这样,有弟子、有老师的比丘,生活痛苦、不自在。”
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno manasā dhammaṃ viññāya uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā sarasaṅkappā saṃyojaniyā. Tyāssa anto vasanti, antassa vasanti pāpakā akusalā dhammāti. Tasmā santevāsikoti vuccati. Te naṃ samudācaranti, samudācaranti naṃ pāpakā akusalā dhammāti. Tasmā sācariyakoti vuccati. Evaṃ kho , bhikkhave, bhikkhu santevāsiko sācariyako dukkhaṃ, na phāsu viharati.
1065“那么,比丘们,一位比丘怎样才算没有弟子、没有老师,却能安乐而住呢?比丘们,在这里,比丘以眼看到色之后,那些与烦恼相应的、能结缚的邪恶不善法不会生起。因此就说‘这些法不住在他里面,邪恶不善法不住在他里面’,所以叫作‘没有弟子’。这些东西不再向他袭来——邪恶不善法不再向他袭来,所以叫作‘没有老师’……。”
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anantevāsiko anācariyako sukhaṃ phāsu viharati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā sarasaṅkappā saṃyojaniyā. Tyāssa na anto vasanti, nāssa anto vasanti pāpakā akusalā dhammāti . Tasmā anantevāsikoti vuccati. Te naṃ na samudācaranti, na samudācaranti naṃ pāpakā akusalā dhammāti. Tasmā anācariyakoti vuccati…pe….
1066“比丘们,还有,比丘以舌尝到味之后,那些与烦恼相应的、能结缚的邪恶不善法不会生起。因此就说‘这些法不住在他里面,邪恶不善法不住在他里面’,所以叫作‘没有弟子’。这些东西不再向他袭来——邪恶不善法不再向他袭来,所以叫作‘没有老师’……。”
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā na uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā sarasaṅkappā saṃyojaniyā. Tyāssa na anto vasanti, nāssa anto vasanti pāpakā akusalā dhammāti. Tasmā anantevāsikoti vuccati. Te naṃ na samudācaranti, na samudācaranti naṃ pāpakā akusalā dhammāti. Tasmā anācariyakoti vuccati…pe….
1067“比丘们,还有,比丘以意了知法之后,那些与烦恼相应的、能结缚的邪恶不善法不会生起。因此就说‘这些法不住在他里面,邪恶不善法不住在他里面’,所以叫作‘没有弟子’。这些东西不再向他袭来——邪恶不善法不再向他袭来,所以叫作‘没有老师’。比丘们,就是这样,比丘没有弟子、没有老师,却能安乐而住。比丘们,这梵行是修习‘无弟子’、‘无老师’的。比丘们,一个有弟子、有老师的比丘,住于痛苦而不安乐。比丘们,没有弟子、没有老师的比丘,住于安乐舒适。”第六经。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno manasā dhammaṃ viññāya na uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā dhammā sarasaṅkappā saṃyojaniyā. Tyāssa na anto vasanti, nāssa anto vasanti pāpakā akusalā dhammāti. Tasmā anantevāsikoti vuccati. Te naṃ na samudācaranti, na samudācaranti naṃ pāpakā akusalā dhammāti. Tasmā anācariyakoti vuccati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anantevāsiko anācariyako sukhaṃ phāsu viharati. Anantevāsikamidaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmacariyaṃ vussati . Anācariyakaṃ santevāsiko , bhikkhave, bhikkhu sācariyako dukkhaṃ, na phāsu viharati. Anantevāsiko, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anācariyako sukhaṃ phāsu viharatī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
10687. 为何梵行经
7. Kimatthiyabrahmacariyasuttaṃ
152“比丘们,如果其他教派的游方者这样问你们:‘朋友,在沙门乔达摩那里修梵行,是为了什么目的呢?’比丘们,被这样问到时,你们应该这样回答那些其他教派的游方者:‘朋友,是为了遍知苦,才在世尊那里修梵行的。’比丘们,如果那些其他教派的游方者又这样问你们:‘朋友,那么,为了遍知什么样的苦,才在沙门乔达摩那里修梵行呢?’比丘们,被这样问到时,你们应该这样回答那些其他教派的游方者:
‘‘Sace vo, bhikkhave, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ puccheyyuṃ – ‘kimatthiyaṃ, āvuso, samaṇe gotame brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’ti? Evaṃ puṭṭhā tumhe, bhikkhave, tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ evaṃ byākareyyātha – ‘dukkhassa kho, āvuso, pariññāya bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’ti. Sace pana vo, bhikkhave, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ puccheyyuṃ – ‘katamaṃ panāvuso, dukkhaṃ, yassa pariññāya samaṇe gotame brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’ti? Evaṃ puṭṭhā tumhe, bhikkhave, tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ evaṃ byākareyyātha –
1070“‘朋友,眼是苦,为了遍知它,才在世尊那里修梵行。色是苦,为了遍知它们,才在世尊那里修梵行。眼识是苦,为了遍知它,才在世尊那里修梵行。眼触是苦,为了遍知它,才在世尊那里修梵行。凡是由眼触为缘而生起的感受——乐的、苦的、或不苦不乐的,那也是苦,为了遍知它,才在世尊那里修梵行……舌是苦……意是苦,为了遍知它,才在世尊那里修梵行……凡是由意触为缘而生起的感受——乐的、苦的、或不苦不乐的,那也是苦,为了遍知它,才在世尊那里修梵行。朋友,这就是为了遍知这样的苦,才在世尊那里修梵行的。’比丘们,被这样问到时,你们应该这样回答那些其他教派的游方者。”第七经。
‘‘Cakkhu kho, āvuso, dukkhaṃ; tassa pariññāya bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussati. Rūpā dukkhā ; tesaṃ pariññāya bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussati. Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ dukkhaṃ; tassa pariññāya bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussati. Cakkhusamphasso dukkho; tassa pariññāya bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussati. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi dukkhaṃ; tassa pariññāya bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussati…pe… jivhā dukkhā… mano dukkho; tassa pariññāya bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussati…pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi dukkhaṃ; tassa pariññāya bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussati. Idaṃ kho, āvuso , dukkhaṃ; yassa pariññāya bhagavati brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’ti. Evaṃ puṭṭhā tumhe, bhikkhave, tesaṃ aññatitthiyānaṃ paribbājakānaṃ evaṃ byākareyyāthā’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
10718. 有无方便经
8. Atthinukhopariyāyasuttaṃ
153“比丘们,有没有一种方法,比丘依凭这个方法,能够不靠信仰、不靠喜好、不靠传闻、不靠推理思辨、不靠见地的审察认可,就能这样自己证知而宣说:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应做已做,不再有来世’呢?”“尊者,我们的法是以世尊为根本,以世尊为引导,以世尊为归依。尊者,就请世尊为这些话语开显其义吧。听了世尊所说,比丘们将会记住的。”“那么,比丘们,好好听,好好用心,我要说了。”“是的,尊者。”那些比丘回答世尊。世尊这样说:“比丘们,是有的,有一种方法,比丘依凭这个方法,能够不靠信仰、不靠喜好、不靠传闻、不靠推理思辨、不靠见地的审察认可,就能这样自己证知而宣说:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应做已做,不再有来世。’”
‘‘Atthi nu kho, bhikkhave, pariyāyo yaṃ pariyāyaṃ āgamma bhikkhu aññatreva saddhāya, aññatra ruciyā, aññatra anussavā, aññatra ākāraparivitakkā, aññatra diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā aññaṃ byākareyya – ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāmī’’ti ? ‘‘Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā, bhagavaṃnettikā bhagavaṃpaṭisaraṇā. Sādhu vata, bhante, bhagavantaṃyeva paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho. Bhagavato sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bhikkhave, suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘atthi, bhikkhave, pariyāyo yaṃ pariyāyaṃ āgamma bhikkhu aññatreva saddhāya, aññatra ruciyā, aññatra anussavā, aññatra ākāraparivitakkā, aññatra diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā aññaṃ byākareyya – ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāmī’’ti.
1073“那么,比丘们,什么是方法——依靠这个方法,比丘不依靠信仰……不依靠个人喜好……不依靠口耳相传的传闻……不依靠表面的推敲……不依靠见解上的容忍,就能作出肯定的宣言:‘生已灭尽,梵行已立,应做之事已做,不再有来生——我如此了知’呢?比丘们,在这里,比丘以眼看到色后,对于内在有贪、嗔、痴,他了知:‘我内在有贪、嗔、痴’;对于内在没有贪、嗔、痴,他了知:‘我内在没有贪、嗔、痴’。比丘们,当比丘以眼看到色后,对于内在有贪、嗔、痴,他了知:‘我内在有贪、嗔、痴’;对于内在没有贪、嗔、痴,他了知:‘我内在没有贪、嗔、痴’——比丘们,像这样的法,是应该靠信仰而知的吗?是靠个人喜好而知的吗?是靠传闻而知的吗?是靠表面推敲而知的吗?是靠见解上的容忍而知的吗?”“不是的,尊者。”“那么,比丘们,这些法,是不是通过智慧亲见而知的呢?”“是的,尊者。”“比丘们,这就是方法——依靠这个方法,比丘不依靠信仰、不依靠个人喜好、不依靠传闻、不依靠表面推敲、不依靠见解上的容忍,就能作出肯定的宣言:‘生已灭尽,梵行已立,应做之事已做,不再有来生——我如此了知。’”
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhave, pariyāyo, yaṃ pariyāyaṃ āgamma bhikkhu aññatreva saddhāya…pe… aññatra diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā aññaṃ byākaroti – ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāmī’ti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohaṃ, atthi me ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohoti pajānāti ; asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohaṃ, natthi me ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohoti pajānāti. Yaṃ taṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohaṃ, atthi me ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohoti pajānāti; asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohaṃ, natthi me ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohoti pajānāti. Api nume, bhikkhave, dhammā saddhāya vā veditabbā, ruciyā vā veditabbā, anussavena vā veditabbā, ākāraparivitakkena vā veditabbā, diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā vā veditabbā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ , bhante’’. ‘‘Nanume, bhikkhave, dhammā paññāya disvā veditabbā’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, pariyāyo yaṃ pariyāyaṃ āgamma bhikkhu aññatreva saddhāya, aññatra ruciyā, aññatra anussavā, aññatra ākāraparivitakkā, aññatra diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā aññaṃ byākaroti – ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāmī’’ti…pe….
1074“再者,比丘们,比丘以舌尝到味后,对于内在……有贪、嗔、痴,他了知:‘我内在有贪、嗔、痴’;对于内在没有贪、嗔、痴,他了知:‘我内在没有贪、嗔、痴’。比丘们,当比丘以舌尝到味后,对于内在有贪、嗔、痴,他了知:‘我内在有贪、嗔、痴’;对于内在没有贪、嗔、痴,他了知:‘我内在没有贪、嗔、痴’——比丘们,像这样的法,是应该靠信仰而知的吗?是靠个人喜好而知的吗?是靠传闻而知的吗?是靠表面推敲而知的吗?是靠见解上的容忍而知的吗?”“不是的,尊者。”“那么,比丘们,这些法,是不是通过智慧亲见而知的呢?”“是的,尊者。”“比丘们,这也是方法——依靠这个方法,比丘不依靠信仰、不依靠个人喜好、不依靠传闻、不依靠表面推敲、不依靠见解上的容忍,就能作出肯定的宣言:‘生已灭尽,梵行已立,应做之事已做,不再有来生——我如此了知。’”
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ…pe… rāgadosamohoti pajānāti; asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohaṃ, natthi me ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohoti pajānāti . Yaṃ taṃ, bhikkhave, jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohaṃ, atthi me ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohoti pajānāti; asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohaṃ, natthi me ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohoti pajānāti; api nume, bhikkhave, dhammā saddhāya vā veditabbā, ruciyā vā veditabbā, anussavena vā veditabbā, ākāraparivitakkena vā veditabbā, diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā vā veditabbā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Nanume, bhikkhave, dhammā paññāya disvā veditabbā’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Ayampi kho, bhikkhave, pariyāyo yaṃ pariyāyaṃ āgamma bhikkhu aññatreva saddhāya, aññatra ruciyā, aññatra anussavā, aññatra ākāraparivitakkā, aññatra diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā aññaṃ byākaroti – ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāmī’’ti …pe….
1075“再者,比丘们,比丘以意识认知到法后,对于内在有贪、嗔、痴,他了知:‘我内在有贪、嗔、痴’;对于内在没有贪、嗔、痴,他了知:‘我内在没有贪、嗔、痴’。比丘们,当比丘以意识认知到法后,对于内在有贪、嗔、痴,他了知:‘我内在有贪、嗔、痴’;对于内在没有贪、嗔、痴,他了知:‘我内在没有贪、嗔、痴’——比丘们,像这样的法,是应该靠信仰而知的吗?是靠个人喜好而知的吗?是靠传闻而知的吗?是靠表面推敲而知的吗?是靠见解上的容忍而知的吗?”“不是的,尊者。”“那么,比丘们,这些法,是不是通过智慧亲见而知的呢?”“是的,尊者。”“比丘们,这也是方法——依靠这个方法,比丘不依靠信仰、不依靠个人喜好、不依靠传闻、不依靠表面推敲、不依靠见解上的容忍,就能作出肯定的宣言:‘生已灭尽,梵行已立,应做之事已做,不再有来生——我如此了知。’第八经。”
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu manasā dhammaṃ viññāya santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohaṃ, atthi me ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohoti pajānāti; asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohaṃ, natthi me ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohoti pajānāti. Yaṃ taṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu manasā dhammaṃ viññāya santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohaṃ, atthi me ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohoti pajānāti; asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohaṃ, natthi me ajjhattaṃ rāgadosamohoti pajānāti; api nume, bhikkhave, dhammā saddhāya vā veditabbā, ruciyā vā veditabbā, anussavena vā veditabbā, ākāraparivitakkena vā veditabbā, diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā vā veditabbā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Nanume, bhikkhave, dhammā paññāya disvā veditabbā’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Ayampi kho, bhikkhave, pariyāyo yaṃ pariyāyaṃ āgamma bhikkhu aññatreva saddhāya, aññatra ruciyā, aññatra anussavā, aññatra ākāraparivitakkā, aññatra diṭṭhinijjhānakkhantiyā aññaṃ byākaroti – ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāmī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
10769. 根具足经
9. Indriyasampannasuttaṃ
154那时,有一位比丘来到世尊那里……在一旁坐好后,那位比丘对世尊这样说:“大德,怎样知、怎样见,才能断除邪见呢?”
Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho, bhante, jānato kathaṃ passato micchādiṭṭhi pahīyatī’’ti?
1078“比丘,如果针对眼根,安住于观察它的生灭,就会对眼根厌离……如果针对舌根,安住于观察它的生灭,就会对舌根厌离……如果针对意根,安住于观察它的生灭,就会对意根厌离。厌离之后,便离贪……在解脱的状态中,生起‘已解脱’的智慧。他就了知:‘生已灭尽,梵行已立,应做之事已做,不再有来生。’比丘,到这个程度,就称为感官具足。第九经。”
‘‘Cakkhundriye ce, bhikkhu, udayabbayānupassī viharanto cakkhundriye nibbindati…pe… jivhindriye ce, bhikkhu, udayabbayānupassī viharanto jivhindriye nibbindati…pe… manindriye ce, bhikkhu, udayabbayānupassī viharanto manindriye nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati…pe… vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti. Ettāvatā kho, bhikkhu, indriyasampanno hotī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
107910. 说法者问经
10. Dhammakathikapucchasuttaṃ
155那时,有一位比丘来到世尊那里……坐在一边后,那位比丘对世尊说:“尊者,常说‘感官具足,感官具足’,到什么程度,才能称为感官具足呢?”
Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘‘indriyasampanno, indriyasampanno’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, indriyasampanno hotī’’ti?
1081比丘们,如果一位比丘为了对眼厌离、离欲、灭尽而教导法,他足以被称为‘说法比丘’。比丘们,如果一位比丘为了对眼厌离、离欲、灭尽而实践,他足以被称为‘法随法行的比丘’。比丘们,如果一位比丘对眼厌离、离欲、灭尽,以无取著而解脱,他足以被称为‘现法涅槃的比丘’……为了对舌厌离、离欲、灭尽而教导法,他足以被称为‘说法比丘’……为了对意厌离、离欲、灭尽而教导法,他足以被称为‘说法比丘’。比丘们,如果一位比丘为了对意厌离、离欲、灭尽而实践,他足以被称为‘法随法行的比丘’。比丘们,如果一位比丘对意厌离、离欲、灭尽,以无取著而解脱,他足以被称为‘现法涅槃的比丘’。第十经。
‘‘Cakkhussa ce, bhikkhu nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya dhammaṃ deseti, ‘dhammakathiko bhikkhū’ti alaṃvacanāya. Cakkhussa ce, bhikkhu, nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti, ‘dhammānudhammappaṭipanno bhikkhū’ti alaṃvacanāya. Cakkhussa ce, bhikkhu, nibbidā virāgā nirodhā anupādāvimutto hoti, ‘diṭṭhadhammanibbānappatto bhikkhū’ti alaṃvacanāya…pe… jivhāya ce, bhikkhu, nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya dhammaṃ deseti, ‘dhammakathiko bhikkhū’ti alaṃvacanāya…pe… manassa ce, bhikkhu, nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya dhammaṃ deseti, ‘dhammakathiko bhikkhū’ti alaṃvacanāya. Manassa ce, bhikkhu, nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti, ‘dhammānudhammappaṭipanno bhikkhū’ti alaṃvacanāya. Manassa ce, bhikkhu, nibbidā virāgā nirodhā anupādāvimutto hoti, ‘diṭṭhadhammanibbānappatto bhikkhū’ti alaṃvacanāyā’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
1082那品的摄颂是:
Tassuddānaṃ –
1083新旧品第十五
Navapurāṇavaggo pañcadasamo.
1084其摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
1085业、四、适合、无住处弟子、为谁目的;
Kammaṃ cattāri sappāyā, anantevāsi kimatthiyā;
1086是否有方法,以及根说者。
Atthi nu kho pariyāyo, indriyakathikena cāti.
1087那品的品摄颂是:
Tassa vagguddānaṃ –
1088六处品第三个五十完
Saḷāyatanavagge tatiyapaṇṇāsako samatto.
1089其品之摄颂——
Tassa vagguddānaṃ –
1090安稳者与世间,居士与天湖。
Yogakkhemi ca loko ca, gahapati devadahena ca;
1091新与旧共五十经,据说这是第三组。
Navapurāṇena paṇṇāso, tatiyo tena vuccatīti.
1092第十六 喜尽品
16. Nandikkhayavaggo
10931. 内欢喜灭尽经
1. Ajjhattanandikkhayasuttaṃ
156诸比丘,正是因为无常,比丘才把眼看作是无常的,这就是他的正见。正确地观察,就会厌离。喜尽而贪尽;贪尽而喜尽。喜与贪尽,心就得到了善解脱——这么说。……正是因为无常,诸比丘,比丘才把舌看作是无常的,这就是他的正见。正确地观察,就会厌离。喜尽而贪尽;贪尽而……心就得到了善解脱——这么说。……诸比丘,正是因为无常,比丘才把意看作是无常的,这就是他的正见。正确地观察,就会厌离。喜尽而贪尽;贪尽而喜尽。喜与贪尽,心就得到了善解脱——这么说。第一经。
‘‘Aniccaṃyeva , bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhuṃ aniccanti passati, sāssa hoti sammādiṭṭhi . Sammā passaṃ nibbindati. Nandikkhayā rāgakkhayo; rāgakkhayā nandikkhayo. Nandirāgakkhayā cittaṃ suvimuttanti vuccati…pe… aniccaṃyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhu jivhaṃ aniccanti passati, sāssa hoti sammādiṭṭhi. Sammā passaṃ nibbindati. Nandikkhayā rāgakkhayo; rāgakkhayā…pe… cittaṃ suvimuttanti vuccati…pe… aniccaṃyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhu manaṃ aniccanti passati, sāssa hoti sammādiṭṭhi. Sammā passaṃ nibbindati. Nandikkhayā rāgakkhayo; rāgakkhayā nandikkhayo. Nandirāgakkhayā cittaṃ suvimuttanti vuccatī’’ti. Paṭhamaṃ.
10952. 外欢喜灭尽经
2. Bāhiranandikkhayasuttaṃ
157诸比丘,正是因为无常,比丘才把色看作是‘无常的’,这就是他的正见。正确地观察,就会厌离。喜尽而贪尽;贪尽而喜尽。喜与贪尽,心就得到了善解脱——这么说。诸比丘,正是因为无常,比丘才把声……香……味……触……法看作是‘无常的’,这就是他的正见。正确地观察,就会厌离。喜尽而贪尽;贪尽而喜尽。喜与贪尽,心就得到了善解脱——这么说。第二经。
‘‘Anicceyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rūpe aniccāti passati, sāssa hoti sammādiṭṭhi. Sammā passaṃ nibbindati. Nandikkhayā rāgakkhayo; rāgakkhayā nandikkhayo . Nandirāgakkhayā cittaṃ suvimuttanti vuccati. Anicceyeva, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sadde… gandhe… rase… phoṭṭhabbe… dhamme aniccāti passati, sāssa hoti sammādiṭṭhi. Sammā passaṃ nibbindati. Nandikkhayā rāgakkhayo; rāgakkhayā nandikkhayo. Nandirāgakkhayā cittaṃ suvimuttanti vuccatī’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
10973. 内无常欢喜灭尽经
3. Ajjhattaaniccanandikkhayasuttaṃ
158诸比丘,要如理作意‘眼’;也要如实地观察‘眼无常性’。诸比丘,当比丘如理作意眼,并如实地观察眼无常性时,对于眼他也会厌离。喜尽而贪尽;贪尽而喜尽。喜与贪尽,心就得到了善解脱——这么说。诸比丘,要如理作意‘耳’……‘鼻’……诸比丘,要如理作意‘舌’;也要如实地观察‘舌无常性’。诸比丘,当比丘如理作意舌,并如实地观察舌无常性时,对于舌他也会厌离。喜尽而贪尽;贪尽而喜尽。喜与贪尽,心就得到了善解脱——这么说。‘身’……诸比丘,要如理作意‘意’;也要如实地观察‘意无常性’。诸比丘,当比丘如理作意意,并如实地观察意无常性时,对于意他也会厌离。喜尽而贪尽;贪尽而喜尽。喜与贪尽,心就得到了善解脱——这么说。第三经。
‘‘Cakkhuṃ, bhikkhave, yoniso manasi karotha; cakkhāniccatañca yathābhūtaṃ samanupassatha. Cakkhuṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yoniso manasikaronto, cakkhāniccatañca yathābhūtaṃ samanupassanto cakkhusmimpi nibbindati. Nandikkhayā rāgakkhayo; rāgakkhayā nandikkhayo. Nandirāgakkhayā cittaṃ suvimuttanti vuccati. Sotaṃ , bhikkhave, yoniso manasi karotha… ghānaṃ… jivhaṃ, bhikkhave, yoniso manasi karotha; jivhāniccatañca yathābhūtaṃ samanupassatha. Jivhaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yoniso manasikaronto, jivhāniccatañca yathābhūtaṃ samanupassanto jivhāyapi nibbindati. Nandikkhayā rāgakkhayo; rāgakkhayā nandikkhayo. Nandirāgakkhayā cittaṃ suvimuttanti vuccati. Kāyaṃ… manaṃ, bhikkhave, yoniso manasi karotha; manāniccatañca yathābhūtaṃ samanupassatha. Manaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yoniso manasikaronto , manāniccatañca yathābhūtaṃ samanupassanto manasmimpi nibbindati. Nandikkhayā rāgakkhayo; rāgakkhayā nandikkhayo. Nandirāgakkhayā cittaṃ suvimuttanti vuccatī’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
10994. 外无常欢喜灭尽经
4. Bāhiraaniccanandikkhayasuttaṃ
159诸比丘,要如理作意‘色’;也要如实地观察‘色无常性’。诸比丘,当比丘如理作意色,并如实地观察色无常性时,对于诸色他也会厌离。喜尽而贪尽;贪尽而喜尽。喜与贪尽,心就得到了善解脱——这么说。诸比丘,要如理作意‘声’……‘香’……‘味’……‘触’……‘法’;也要如实地观察‘法无常性’。诸比丘,当比丘如理作意法,并如实地观察法无常性时,对于诸法他也会厌离。喜尽而贪尽;贪尽而喜尽。喜与贪尽,心就得到了善解脱——这么说。第四经。
‘‘Rūpe, bhikkhave, yoniso manasi karotha; rūpāniccatañca yathābhūtaṃ samanupassatha. Rūpe, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yoniso manasikaronto, rūpāniccatañca yathābhūtaṃ samanupassanto rūpesupi nibbindati. Nandikkhayā rāgakkhayo; rāgakkhayā nandikkhayo. Nandirāgakkhayā cittaṃ suvimuttanti vuccati. Sadde… gandhe… rase… phoṭṭhabbe… dhamme, bhikkhave, yoniso manasi karotha; dhammāniccatañca yathābhūtaṃ samanupassatha. Dhamme, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yoniso manasikaronto, dhammāniccatañca yathābhūtaṃ samanupassanto dhammesupi nibbindati. Nandikkhayā rāgakkhayo; rāgakkhayā nandikkhayo . Nandirāgakkhayā cittaṃ suvimuttanti vuccatī’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
11015. 耆婆芒果林定经
5. Jīvakambavanasamādhisuttaṃ
160有一次,世尊住在王舍城的耆婆庵婆林。那时,世尊对比丘们说:'诸比丘……修习禅定,比丘们。拥有禅定的比丘,能如实地看见。那么,他如实地看见什么呢?他如实地看见:眼是无常的,色是无常的,眼识是无常的,眼触是无常的,凡是由眼触为缘而生起的感受——快乐、痛苦或不苦不乐——那也是无常的。……舌是无常的……意是无常的,法是无常的……凡是由意触为缘而生起的感受——快乐、痛苦或不苦不乐——那也是无常的。修习禅定,比丘们。拥有禅定的比丘,就能如实地看见。' 第五经。
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati jīvakambavane. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti…pe… ‘‘samādhiṃ, bhikkhave, bhāvetha. Samāhitassa, bhikkhave , bhikkhuno yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati. Kiñca yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati? Cakkhuṃ aniccanti yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati, rūpā aniccāti yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ aniccanti yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati, cakkhusamphasso aniccoti yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati, yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccanti yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati…pe… jivhā aniccāti yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati…pe… mano aniccoti yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati, dhammā aniccāti yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati…pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccanti yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati. Samādhiṃ, bhikkhave, bhāvetha. Samāhitassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyatī’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
11036. 耆婆芒果林独坐经
6. Jīvakambavanapaṭisallānasuttaṃ
161有一次,世尊住在王舍城的耆婆庵婆林。那时,世尊对比丘们说:'……比丘们,应当努力投入独处。一位独处的比丘,就能如实地看见。那么,他如实地看见什么呢?他如实地看见:眼是无常的,色是无常的,眼识是无常的,眼触是无常的,凡是由眼触为缘而生起的感受——快乐、痛苦或不苦不乐——那也是无常的。……意是无常的,法……意识……意触……凡是由意触为缘而生起的感受——快乐、痛苦或不苦不乐——那也是无常的。比丘们,应当努力投入独处。一位独处的比丘,就能如实地看见。' 第六经。
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati jīvakambavane. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi…pe… ‘‘paṭisallāne, bhikkhave, yogamāpajjatha. Paṭisallīnassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati. Kiñca yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati? Cakkhuṃ aniccanti yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati, rūpā aniccāti yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ aniccanti yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati, cakkhusamphasso aniccoti yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati, yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccanti yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati…pe… mano aniccoti yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati, dhammā… manoviññāṇaṃ… manosamphasso… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccanti yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyati. Paṭisallāne bhikkhave, yogamāpajjatha. Paṭisallīnassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno yathābhūtaṃ okkhāyatī’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
11057. 果提咖无常经
7. Koṭṭhikaaniccasuttaṃ
162那时,摩诃拘絺罗尊者来到世尊那里……坐在一旁。摩诃拘絺罗尊者对世尊说:'萨度,尊师!恳请世尊简要地为我说法。听闻世尊的法后,我将独自隐居,不放逸、炽然精进、坚定地安住。'
Atha kho āyasmā mahākoṭṭhiko yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā koṭṭhiko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desetu, yamahaṃ bhagavato dhammaṃ sutvā eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto vihareyya’’nti.
1107'拘絺罗,凡是无常的,你对它的欲贪应该断除。那么,什么是无常的呢?拘絺罗,眼是无常的,你对它的欲贪应该断除;色是无常的,你对它的欲贪应该断除;眼识是无常的,你对它的欲贪应该断除;眼触是无常的,你对它的欲贪应该断除;凡是由眼触为缘而生起的感受——快乐、痛苦或不苦不乐——那也是无常的,你对它的欲贪应该断除。……舌是无常的,你对它的欲贪应该断除;味是无常的,你对它的欲贪应该断除;舌识是无常的,你对它的欲贪应该断除;舌触是无常的,你对它的欲贪应该断除;凡是由舌触为缘而生起的感受……那也是无常的,你对它的欲贪应该断除。……意是无常的,你对它的欲贪应该断除;法是无常的,你对它的欲贪应该断除;意识是无常的,你对它的欲贪应该断除;意触是无常的,你对它的欲贪应该断除;凡是由意触为缘而生起的感受——快乐、痛苦或不苦不乐——那也是无常的,你对它的欲贪应该断除。拘絺罗,凡是无常的,你对它的欲贪应该断除。' 第七经。
‘‘Yaṃ kho, koṭṭhika, aniccaṃ tatra te chando pahātabbo. Kiñca, koṭṭhika, aniccaṃ? Cakkhu kho, koṭṭhika, aniccaṃ; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Rūpā aniccā; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Cakkhusamphasso anicco; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccaṃ; tatra te chando pahātabbo…pe… jivhā aniccā; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Rasā aniccā; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Jivhāviññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Jivhāsamphasso anicco; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccaṃ; tatra te chando pahātabbo…pe… mano anicco; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Dhammā aniccā; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Manoviññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Manosamphasso anicco; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccaṃ; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Yaṃ kho, koṭṭhika, aniccaṃ tatra te chando pahātabbo’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
11088. 果提咖苦经
8. Koṭṭhikadukkhasuttaṃ
163'拘絺罗,凡是苦的,你对它的欲贪应该断除。那么,什么是苦的呢?拘絺罗,眼是苦的,你对它的欲贪应该断除;色是苦的……眼识……眼触……由眼触而生起的感受……舌是苦的……意是苦的,法……意识……意触……由意触而生起的感受……那也是苦的,你对它的欲贪应该断除。拘絺罗,凡是苦的,你对它的欲贪应该断除。' 第八经。
Atha kho āyasmā mahākoṭṭhiko…pe… bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘sādhu me, bhante…pe… vihareyya’’nti. ‘‘Yaṃ kho, koṭṭhika, dukkhaṃ tatra te chando pahātabbo. Kiñca, koṭṭhika, dukkhaṃ? Cakkhu kho, koṭṭhika, dukkhaṃ; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Rūpā dukkhā; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ dukkhaṃ; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Cakkhusamphasso dukkho; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi dukkhaṃ; tatra te chando pahātabbo…pe… jivhā dukkhā; tatra te chando pahātabbo…pe… mano dukkho; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Dhammā dukkhā; tatra te chando pahātabbo . Manoviññāṇaṃ dukkhaṃ ; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Manosamphasso dukkho; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi dukkhaṃ; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Yaṃ kho, koṭṭhika, dukkhaṃ tatra te chando pahātabbo’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
11109. 果提咖无我经
9. Koṭṭhikaanattasuttaṃ
164'拘絺罗,凡是无我的,你对它的欲贪应该断除。那么,什么是无我的呢?拘絺罗,眼是无我的,你对它的欲贪应该断除;色是无我的……眼识……眼触……由眼触而生起的感受……舌是无我的……意是无我的,法……意识……意触……由意触而生起的感受——那也是无我的,你对它的欲贪应该断除。拘絺罗,凡是无我的,你对它的欲贪应该断除。' 第九经。
Ekamantaṃ…pe… vihareyyanti. ‘‘Yo kho, koṭṭhika, anattā tatra te chando pahātabbo. Ko ca, koṭṭhika, anattā? Cakkhu kho, koṭṭhika, anattā; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Rūpā anattā; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ anattā; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Cakkhusamphasso anattā; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi anattā; tatra te chando pahātabbo …pe… jivhā anattā; tatra te chando pahātabbo…pe… mano anattā; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Dhammā anattā; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Manoviññāṇaṃ… manosamphasso… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi anattā; tatra te chando pahātabbo. Yo kho, koṭṭhika, anattā, tatra te chando pahātabbo’’ti. Navamaṃ.
111210. 邪见断经
10. Micchādiṭṭhipahānasuttaṃ
165那时,有一位比丘来到世尊那里……坐在一边后,那位比丘对世尊说:“尊者,常说‘说法者,说法者’,到什么程度,才能称为说法者呢?”
Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami…pe… ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘‘dhammakathiko , dhammakathiko’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, dhammakathiko hotī’’ti?
1114第19 毒蛇品
19. Āsīvisavaggo
1115“比丘,把眼当作无常来知、来见,邪见就断除了。把诸色当作无常来知、来见,邪见就断除了。把眼识当作无常来知、来见,邪见就断除了。把眼触当作无常来知、来见,邪见就断除了……乃至以意触为缘而生起的感受,不管是乐、是苦,还是不苦不乐,把那个也当作无常来知、来见,邪见就断除了。比丘,就是这样知、这样见,邪见就断除了。” 第十经。
‘‘Cakkhuṃ kho, bhikkhu, aniccato jānato passato micchādiṭṭhi pahīyati. Rūpe aniccato jānato passato micchādiṭṭhi pahīyati. Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ aniccato jānato passato micchādiṭṭhi pahīyati. Cakkhusamphassaṃ aniccato jānato passato micchādiṭṭhi pahīyati…pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccato jānato passato micchādiṭṭhi pahīyati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, jānato evaṃ passato micchādiṭṭhi pahīyatī’’ti. Dasamaṃ.
111611. 有身见断经
11. Sakkāyadiṭṭhipahānasuttaṃ
166那时,有一位比丘……这样说道:“大德,怎样知、怎样见,才能断除有身见呢?”“比丘,把眼当作苦来知、来见,有身见就断除了。把诸色当作苦来知、来见,有身见就断除了。把眼识当作苦来知、来见,有身见就断除了。把眼触当作苦来知、来见,有身见就断除了……乃至以意触为缘而生起的感受,不管是乐、是苦,还是不苦不乐,把那个也当作苦来知、来见,有身见就断除了。比丘,就是这样知、这样见,有身见就断除了。” 第十一经。
Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu…pe… etadavoca – ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho, bhante, jānato kathaṃ passato sakkāyadiṭṭhi pahīyatī’’ti? ‘‘Cakkhuṃ kho, bhikkhu, dukkhato jānato passato sakkāyadiṭṭhi pahīyati. Rūpe dukkhato jānato passato sakkāyadiṭṭhi pahīyati. Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ dukkhato jānato passato sakkāyadiṭṭhi pahīyati. Cakkhusamphassaṃ dukkhato jānato passato sakkāyadiṭṭhi pahīyati…pe… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi dukkhato jānato passato sakkāyadiṭṭhi pahīyati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhu, jānato evaṃ passato sakkāyadiṭṭhi pahīyatī’’ti. Ekādasamaṃ.
111812. 我随见断经
12. Attānudiṭṭhipahānasuttaṃ
167那时,有一位比丘……这样说道:“大德,怎样知、怎样见,才能断除我见呢?”“比丘,把眼当作无我来知、来见,我见就断除了。把诸色当作无我来知、来见,我见就断除了。把眼识当作无我来知、来见,我见就断除了。把眼触当作无我来知、来见,我见就断除了。以眼触为缘而生起的感受,不管是乐、是苦,还是不苦不乐,把那个也当作无我来知、来见,我见就断除了……把舌当作无我来知、来见,我见就断除了……把意当作无我来知、来见,我见就断除了。把诸法……把意识……把意触……乃至以意触为缘而生起的感受,不管是乐、是苦,还是不苦不乐,把那个也当作无我来知、来见,我见就断除了。” 第十二经。
Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu…pe… etadavoca – ‘‘kathaṃ nu kho , bhante, jānato kathaṃ passato attānudiṭṭhi pahīyatī’’ti? ‘‘Cakkhuṃ kho, bhikkhu, anattato jānato passato attānudiṭṭhi pahīyati. Rūpe anattato jānato passato attānudiṭṭhi pahīyati. Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ anattato jānato passato attānudiṭṭhi pahīyati. Cakkhusamphassaṃ anattato jānato passato attānudiṭṭhi pahīyati. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi anattato jānato passato attānudiṭṭhi pahīyati…pe… jivhaṃ anattato jānato passato attānudiṭṭhi pahīyati…pe… manaṃ anattato jānato passato attānudiṭṭhi pahīyati. Dhamme… manoviññāṇaṃ… manosamphassaṃ… yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi anattato jānato passato attānudiṭṭhi pahīyatī’’ti. Dvādasamaṃ.
1120它的摄颂是:
Tassuddānaṃ –
1121欢喜灭尽品第十六
Nandikkhayavaggo soḷasamo.
1122其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
1123以欢喜灭尽为题有四部经,在耆婆的芒果林里有二部;
Nandikkhayena cattāro, jīvakambavane duve;
1124第十八 海品
18. Samuddavaggo
1125拘提格问了三个问题,问到邪见、有身见和自我。
Koṭṭhikena tayo vuttā, micchā sakkāya attanoti.
1126第十七品 六十摄颂品
17. Saṭṭhipeyyālavaggo
11271. 内无常欲经
1. Ajjhattaaniccachandasuttaṃ
168“诸比丘,凡是无常的,那里你们应当断除意欲。诸比丘,什么是无常的呢?诸比丘,眼是无常的;那里你们应当断除意欲……舌是无常的;那里你们应当断除意欲……意是无常的;那里你们应当断除意欲。诸比丘,凡是无常的,那里你们应当断除意欲。”
‘‘Yaṃ , bhikkhave, aniccaṃ, tatra vo chando pahātabbo. Kiñca, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ? Cakkhu , bhikkhave, aniccaṃ; tatra vo chando pahātabbo…pe… jivhā aniccā; tatra vo chando pahātabbo…pe… mano anicco; tatra vo chando pahātabbo. Yaṃ, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ, tatra vo chando pahātabbo’’ti.
11292. 内无常贪经
2. Ajjhattaaniccarāgasuttaṃ
169“诸比丘,凡是无常的,那里你们应当断除贪染。诸比丘,什么是无常的呢?诸比丘,眼是无常的;那里你们应当断除贪染……舌是无常的;那里你们应当断除贪染……意是无常的;那里你们应当断除贪染。诸比丘,凡是无常的,那里你们应当断除贪染。”
‘‘Yaṃ , bhikkhave, aniccaṃ, tatra vo rāgo pahātabbo. Kiñca, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ? Cakkhu, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ; tatra vo rāgo pahātabbo…pe… jivhā aniccā; tatra vo rāgo pahātabbo…pe… mano anicco; tatra vo rāgo pahātabbo. Yaṃ, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ, tatra vo rāgo pahātabbo’’ti.
11313. 内无常欲贪经
3. Ajjhattaaniccachandarāgasuttaṃ
170“诸比丘,凡是无常的,那里你们应当断除欲贪。诸比丘,什么是无常的呢?诸比丘,眼是无常的;那里你们应当断除欲贪……舌是无常的;那里你们应当断除欲贪……意是无常的;那里你们应当断除欲贪。诸比丘,凡是无常的,那里你们应当断除欲贪。”
‘‘Yaṃ, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ, tatra vo chandarāgo pahātabbo. Kiñca, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ? Cakkhu, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ; tatra vo chandarāgo pahātabbo…pe… jivhā aniccā; tatra vo chandarāgo pahātabbo…pe… mano anicco; tatra vo chandarāgo pahātabbo. Yaṃ, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ, tatra vo chandarāgo pahātabbo’’ti.
11334-6. 苦欲等经
4-6. Dukkhachandādisuttaṃ
171-173“诸比丘,凡是苦的,那里你们应当断除意欲,应当断除贪染,应当断除欲贪。诸比丘,什么是苦的呢?诸比丘,眼是苦的;那里你们应当断除意欲,应当断除贪染,应当断除欲贪……舌是苦的……意是苦的;那里你们应当断除意欲,应当断除贪染,应当断除欲贪。诸比丘,凡是苦的,那里你们应当断除意欲,应当断除贪染,应当断除欲贪。”
‘‘Yaṃ, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ, tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo. Kiñca, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ? Cakkhu, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ; tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo…pe… jivhā dukkhā…pe… mano dukkho; tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo. Yaṃ , bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo’’ti.
11357-9. 无我欲等经
7-9. Anattachandādisuttaṃ
174-176“诸比丘,凡是无我的,对于它,你们应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。诸比丘,什么是无我的呢?诸比丘,眼是无我的;对于它,你们应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。……舌是无我的;对于它,你们应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。……意是无我的;对于它,你们应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。诸比丘,凡是无我的,对于它,你们就应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。”
‘‘Yo , bhikkhave, anattā, tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo. Ko ca, bhikkhave, anattā? Cakkhu, bhikkhave, anattā; tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo…pe… jivhā anattā; tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo…pe… mano anattā; tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo. Yo, bhikkhave, anattā tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo’’ti.
113710-12. 外无常欲等经
10-12. Bāhirāniccachandādisuttaṃ
177-179“诸比丘,凡是无常的,对于它,你们应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。诸比丘,什么是无常的呢?诸比丘,色是无常的;对于它,你们应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。声是无常的;对于它,你们应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。香是无常的;对于它,你们应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。味是无常的;对于它,你们应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。触是无常的;对于它,你们应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。法是无常的;对于它,你们应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。诸比丘,凡是无常的,对于它,你们就应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。”
‘‘Yaṃ, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ, tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo. Kiñca, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ? Rūpā, bhikkhave, aniccā; tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo. Saddā aniccā; tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo. Gandhā aniccā; tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo. Rasā aniccā; tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo. Phoṭṭhabbā aniccā; tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo. Dhammā aniccā; tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo. Yaṃ, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo’’ti.
113913-15. 外苦欲等经
13-15. Bāhiradukkhachandādisuttaṃ
180-182“诸比丘,凡是苦的,对于它,你们应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。诸比丘,什么是苦的呢?诸比丘,色是苦的;对于它,你们应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。声……香……味……触……法是苦的;对于它,你们应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。诸比丘,凡是苦的,对于它,你们就应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。”
‘‘Yaṃ, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ, tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo. Kiñca, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ? Rūpā, bhikkhave, dukkhā; tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo. Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā dukkhā; tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo. Yaṃ, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ, tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo’’ti.
114116-18. 外无我欲等经
16-18. Bāhirānattachandādisuttaṃ
183-185“诸比丘,凡是无我的,对于它,你们应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。诸比丘,什么是无我的呢?诸比丘,色是无我的;对于它,你们应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。声……香……味……触……法是无我的;对于它,你们应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。诸比丘,凡是无我的,对于它,你们就应当断除欲求,应当断除贪爱,应当断除欲贪。”
‘‘Yo , bhikkhave, anattā, tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo. Ko ca, bhikkhave, anattā? Rūpā, bhikkhave, anattā; tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo. Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā anattā; tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo. Yo, bhikkhave, anattā tatra vo chando pahātabbo, rāgo pahātabbo, chandarāgo pahātabbo’’ti.
114319. 内过去无常经
19. Ajjhattātītāniccasuttaṃ
186“诸比丘,过去的眼是无常的……过去的舌是无常的……过去的意是无常的。诸比丘,多闻的圣弟子这样观察时,对眼也感到厌离……对舌也感到厌离……对意也感到厌离。厌离后,他离贪;因离贪而解脱;解脱时,生起‘解脱了’的智慧。他了知:‘生已灭尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有这辈子的状态了。’”
‘‘Cakkhu , bhikkhave, aniccaṃ atītaṃ…pe… jivhā aniccā atītā…pe… mano anicco atīto. Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati…pe… jivhāyapi nibbindati…pe… manasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti.
114520. 内未来无常经
20. Ajjhattānāgatāniccasuttaṃ
187“诸比丘,未来的眼是无常的……未来的舌是无常的……未来的意是无常的。这样观察时……他了知:‘不再有这辈子的状态了。’”
‘‘Cakkhu, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ anāgataṃ…pe… jivhā aniccā anāgatā…pe… mano anicco anāgato. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
114721. 内现在无常经
21. Ajjhattapaccuppannāniccasuttaṃ
188诸比丘,眼是无常的、现在的……舌是无常的、现在的……意是无常的、现在的。当这样看的时候……他了知:‘不再有后有了。’
‘‘Cakkhu, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ paccuppannaṃ…pe… jivhā aniccā paccuppannā…pe… mano anicco paccuppanno. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
114922-24. 内过去等苦经
22-24. Ajjhattātītādidukkhasuttaṃ
189-191“诸比丘,眼是苦的,无论过去、未来、现在。凡苦者,即是无我。凡无我者,应当以正慧如实这样看待它:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’……舌是苦的……意是苦的,无论过去、未来、现在。凡苦者,即是无我。凡无我者,应当以正慧如实这样看待它:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’这样看……他便了知:‘不再有从此状态而来的轮回。’”
‘‘Cakkhu , bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ atītaṃ anāgataṃ paccuppannaṃ. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ, tadanattā. Yadanattā, taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ…pe… jivhā dukkhā…pe… mano dukkho atīto anāgato paccuppanno. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ, tadanattā. Yadanattā, taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
115125-27. 内过去等无我经
25-27. Ajjhattātītādianattasuttaṃ
192-194诸比丘,眼是无我的,过去、未来、现在的……舌是无我的……意是无我的,过去、未来、现在的。当这样看的时候……他了知:‘不再有后有了。’
‘‘Cakkhu , bhikkhave, anattā atītaṃ anāgataṃ paccuppannaṃ…pe… jivhā anattā…pe… mano anattā atīto anāgato paccuppanno . Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
115328-30. 外过去等无常经
28-30. Bāhirātītādianiccasuttaṃ
195-197“诸比丘,色是无常的,无论过去、未来、现在。凡无常者,即是苦。凡苦者,即是无我。凡无我者,应当以正慧如实这样看待它:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’声……香……味……所触……法是无常的,无论过去、未来、现在。凡无常者,即是苦。凡苦者,即是无我。凡无我者,应当以正慧如实这样看待它:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’这样看……他便了知:‘不再有从此状态而来的轮回。’”
‘‘Rūpā, bhikkhave, aniccā atītā anāgatā paccuppannā. Yadaniccaṃ, taṃ dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ, tadanattā. Yadanattā, taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā aniccā atītā anāgatā paccuppannā. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā. Yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
115531-33. 外过去等苦经
31-33. Bāhirātītādidukkhasuttaṃ
198-200诸比丘,色是苦的,过去、未来、现在的。声……香……味……触……法是苦的,过去、未来、现在的。当这样看的时候……他了知:‘不再有后有了。’
‘‘Rūpā, bhikkhave, dukkhā atītā anāgatā paccuppannā. Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā dukkhā atītā anāgatā paccuppannā. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
115734-36. 外过去等无我经
34-36. Bāhirātītādianattasuttaṃ
201-203诸比丘,色是无我的,过去、未来、现在的。声……香……味……触……法是无我的,过去、未来、现在的。当这样看的时候……他了知:‘不再有后有了。’
‘‘Rūpā , bhikkhave, anattā atītā anāgatā paccuppannā. Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā anattā atītā anāgatā paccuppannā. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
115937. 内过去凡无常经
37. Ajjhattātītayadaniccasuttaṃ
204“诸比丘,过去之眼是无常的。凡无常者,即是苦。凡苦者,即是无我。凡无我者,应当以正慧如实这样看待它:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’……过去之舌是无常的。凡无常者,即是苦。凡苦者,即是无我。凡无我者,应当以正慧如实这样看待它:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’……过去之意是无常的。凡无常者,即是苦。凡苦者,即是无我。凡无我者,应当以正慧如实这样看待它:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’这样看……他便了知:‘不再有从此状态而来的轮回。’”
‘‘Cakkhu, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ atītaṃ. Yadaniccaṃ, taṃ dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ, tadanattā. Yadanattā, taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ…pe… jivhā aniccā atītā. Yadaniccaṃ, taṃ dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ, tadanattā. Yadanattā, taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ…pe… mano anicco atīto. Yadaniccaṃ, taṃ dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ, tadanattā. Yadanattā, taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi , na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
116138. 内未来凡无常经
38. Ajjhattānāgatayadaniccasuttaṃ
205“诸比丘,未来之眼是无常的。凡无常者,即是苦。凡苦者,即是无我。凡无我者,应当以正慧如实这样看待它:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’……未来之舌是无常的。凡无常者,即是苦。凡苦者,即是无我。凡无我者,应当以正慧如实这样看待它:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’……未来之意是无常的。凡无常者,即是苦。凡苦者,即是无我。凡无我者,应当以正慧如实这样看待它:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’诸比丘,这样看……他便了知:‘不再有从此状态而来的轮回。’”
‘‘Cakkhu , bhikkhave, aniccaṃ anāgataṃ. Yadaniccaṃ, taṃ dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ, tadanattā. Yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ…pe… jivhā aniccā anāgatā. Yadaniccaṃ, taṃ dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ, tadanattā. Yadanattā, taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ…pe… mano anicco anāgato. Yadaniccaṃ, taṃ dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ, tadanattā . Yadanattā, taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
116339. 内现在凡无常经
39. Ajjhattapaccuppannayadaniccasuttaṃ
206“诸比丘,现在之眼是无常的。凡无常者,即是苦。凡苦者,即是无我。凡无我者,应当以正慧如实这样看待它:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’……现在之舌是无常的。凡无常者,即是苦。凡苦者,即是无我。凡无我者,应当以正慧如实这样看待它:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’……现在之意是无常的。凡无常者,即是苦。凡苦者,即是无我。凡无我者,应当以正慧如实这样看待它:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’这样看……他便了知:‘不再有从此状态而来的轮回。’”
‘‘Cakkhu, bhikkhave, aniccaṃ paccuppannaṃ. Yadaniccaṃ, taṃ dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ, tadanattā. Yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ…pe… jivhā aniccā paccuppannā. Yadaniccaṃ, taṃ dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ, tadanattā. Yadanattā, taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ…pe… mano anicco paccuppanno. Yadaniccaṃ taṃ dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ tadanattā. Yadanattā, taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
116540-42. 内过去等凡苦经
40-42. Ajjhattātītādiyaṃdukkhasuttaṃ
207-209诸比丘,眼是苦的,过去、未来、现在的……舌是苦的,过去、未来、现在的……意是苦的,过去、未来、现在的。当这样看的时候……他了知:‘不再有后有了。’
‘‘Cakkhu , bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ atītaṃ anāgataṃ paccuppannaṃ…pe… jivhā dukkhā atītā anāgatā paccuppannā…pe… mano dukkho atīto anāgato paccuppanno. Evaṃ passaṃ , bhikkhave…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
116743-45. 内过去等凡无我经
43-45. Ajjhattātītādiyadanattasuttaṃ
210-212“诸比丘,眼是无我的,无论过去、未来、现在。凡无我者,应当以正慧如实这样看待它:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’……舌是无我的……意是无我的,无论过去、未来、现在。凡无我者,应当以正慧如实这样看待它:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’这样看……他便了知:‘不再有从此状态而来的轮回。’”
‘‘Cakkhu, bhikkhave, anattā atītaṃ anāgataṃ paccuppannaṃ. Yadanattā, taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ…pe… jivhā anattā…pe… mano anattā atīto anāgato paccuppanno. Yadanattā taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
116946-48. 外过去等凡无常经
46-48. Bāhirātītādiyadaniccasuttaṃ
213-215诸比丘,色是无常的,过去、未来、现在的。声……香……味……触……法是无常的,过去、未来、现在的。当这样看的时候……他了知:‘不再有后有了。’
‘‘Rūpā, bhikkhave, aniccā atītā anāgatā paccuppannā. Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā aniccā atītā anāgatā paccuppannā. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
117149-51. 外过去等凡苦经
49-51. Bāhirātītādiyaṃdukkhasuttaṃ
216-218诸比丘,过去的、未来的、现在的色是苦。凡是苦,那即是无我。凡是无我,应当以正慧如实这样看见:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’ 声……香……味……触……法,过去的、未来的、现在的也是苦。凡是苦,那即是无我。凡是无我,应当以正慧如实这样看见:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’ 这样看见……他了知:‘不再有这后有。’
‘‘Rūpā , bhikkhave, dukkhā atītā anāgatā paccuppannā. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ, tadanattā . Yadanattā, taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā dukkhā atītā anāgatā paccuppannā. Yaṃ dukkhaṃ, tadanattā. Yadanattā, taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
117352-54. 外过去等凡无我经
52-54. Bāhirātītādiyadanattasuttaṃ
219-221诸比丘,过去的、未来的、现在的色是无我。凡是无我,应当以正慧如实这样看见:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’ 声……香……味……触……法,过去的、未来的、现在的也是无我。凡是无我,应当以正慧如实这样看见:‘这不是我的,这我不是,这不是我的我。’ 这样看见……他了知:‘不再有这后有。’
‘‘Rūpā, bhikkhave, anattā atītā anāgatā paccuppannā. Yadanattā, taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā anattā atītā anāgatā paccuppannā. Yadanattā, taṃ ‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
117555. 内处无常经
55. Ajjhattāyatanaaniccasuttaṃ
222诸比丘,眼是无常的……舌是无常的……意是无常的。这样看见……他了知:‘不再有这后有。’
‘‘Cakkhu , bhikkhave, aniccaṃ…pe… jivhā aniccā…pe… mano anicco. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
117756. 内处苦经
56. Ajjhattāyatanadukkhasuttaṃ
223诸比丘,眼是苦的……舌是苦的……意是苦的。这样看见……他了知:‘不再有这后有。’
‘‘Cakkhu, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ…pe… jivhā dukkhā…pe… mano dukkho. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
117957. 内处无我经
57. Ajjhattāyatanaanattasuttaṃ
224诸比丘,眼是无我的……舌是无我的……意是无我的。这样看见……他了知:‘不再有这后有。’
‘‘Cakkhu , bhikkhave, anattā…pe… jivhā anattā…pe… mano anattā. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
118158. 外处无常经
58. Bāhirāyatanaaniccasuttaṃ
225诸比丘,色是无常的。声……香……味……触……法是无常的。这样看见……他了知:‘不再有这后有。’
‘‘Rūpā, bhikkhave, aniccā. Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā aniccā. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
118359. 外处苦经
59. Bāhirāyatanadukkhasuttaṃ
226“诸比丘,色是苦的。声……香……味……触……法是苦的。当他这样看时……他了知:‘不再有再生了。’”
‘‘Rūpā, bhikkhave, dukkhā. Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā dukkhā. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
118560. 外处无我经
60. Bāhirāyatanaanattasuttaṃ
227“诸比丘,色是无我的。声……香……味……触……法是无我的。当他这样看时……他了知:‘不再有再生了。’”
‘‘Rūpā , bhikkhave, anattā. Saddā… gandhā… rasā… phoṭṭhabbā… dhammā anattā. Evaṃ passaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānātī’’ti.
1187它的结集偈是:
Tassuddānaṃ –
1188六十中略品第十七
Saṭṭhipeyyālavaggo sattarasamo.
1189其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
1190以‘欲’开头的有十八篇,以‘过去’开头的有两组共九篇;
Chandenaṭṭhārasa honti, atītena ca dve nava;
1191以‘凡无常’所说的有十八篇,关于内、外、内的有三篇;
Yadaniccāṭṭhārasa vuttā, tayo ajjhattabāhirā;
1192这位太阳的族裔、佛陀宣说了这个六十篇的系列经。
Peyyālo saṭṭhiko vutto, buddhenādiccabandhunāti.
1193经六十
Suttantāni saṭṭhi.
119418. 海品
18. Samuddavaggo
11951. 第一海经
1. Paṭhamasamuddasuttaṃ
228诸比丘,无闻的凡夫说‘海、海’。诸比丘,这在圣者的律法中并不是海。诸比丘,那只是巨大的水聚、巨大的汪洋。
诸比丘,对一个人来说,眼就是海;它的波涛就是色。那能承受这色之波涛的人,诸比丘,就说他渡过了这有波涛、有漩涡、有鳄鱼、有罗刹的眼之海;这位婆罗门已渡越,到达彼岸,站在高地上。
诸比丘,对一个人来说,耳就是海;它的波涛就是声。……
诸比丘,对一个人来说,鼻就是海;它的波涛就是香。……
诸比丘,对一个人来说,舌就是海;它的波涛就是味。那能承受这味之波涛的人,诸比丘,就说他渡过了这有波涛、有漩涡、有鳄鱼、有罗刹的舌之海;这位婆罗门已渡越,到达彼岸,站在高地上。
诸比丘,对一个人来说,身就是海;它的波涛就是触。……
诸比丘,对一个人来说,意就是海;它的波涛就是法。那能承受这法之波涛的人,诸比丘,就说他渡过了这有波涛、有漩涡、有鳄鱼、有罗刹的意之海;这位婆罗门已渡越,到达彼岸,站在高地上。
‘‘‘Samuddo , samuddo’ti, bhikkhave, assutavā puthujjano bhāsati. Neso, bhikkhave, ariyassa vinaye samuddo. Mahā eso, bhikkhave, udakarāsi mahāudakaṇṇavo. Cakkhu, bhikkhave, purisassa samuddo; tassa rūpamayo vego. Yo taṃ rūpamayaṃ vegaṃ sahati, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, atari cakkhusamuddaṃ saūmiṃ sāvaṭṭaṃ sagāhaṃ sarakkhasaṃ; tiṇṇo pāraṅgato thale tiṭṭhati brāhmaṇo…pe… jivhā, bhikkhave, purisassa samuddo; tassa rasamayo vego. Yo taṃ rasamayaṃ vegaṃ sahati, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, atari jivhāsamuddaṃ saūmiṃ sāvaṭṭaṃ sagāhaṃ sarakkhasaṃ; tiṇṇo pāraṅgato thale tiṭṭhati brāhmaṇo…pe… mano, bhikkhave, purisassa samuddo; tassa dhammamayo vego. Yo taṃ dhammamayaṃ vegaṃ sahati, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, atari manosamuddaṃ saūmiṃ sāvaṭṭaṃ sagāhaṃ sarakkhasaṃ; tiṇṇo pāraṅgato thale tiṭṭhati brāhmaṇo’’ti. Idamavoca…pe… satthā –
1197世尊这样说了……那位导师又说道:
‘‘Yo imaṃ samuddaṃ sagāhaṃ sarakkhasaṃ,
1198“那渡过这有鳄鱼、有罗刹的海,
Saūmiṃ sāvaṭṭaṃ sabhayaṃ duttaraṃ accatari;
1199有波涛、有漩涡、有恐惧、难以渡越的海的人,
Sa vedagū vusitabrahmacariyo,
1200他被称为明法者、梵行已立者,
Lokantagū pāragatoti vuccatī’’ti. paṭhamaṃ;
12012. 第二海经
2. Dutiyasamuddasuttaṃ
229“比丘们,没受过教导的普通人会说‘海,海’。但比丘们,在圣者的法与律中,那个不叫作海。比丘们,那只是个巨大的水堆、巨大的水渊。比丘们,有眼睛能识知的、令人喜爱、令人悦意、令人愉快、可爱模样、与欲望相关、会激起贪染的色。比丘们,这个,在圣者的法与律中,就称为海。在这个‘海’里,整个包括天、魔、梵的世间,包括沙门、婆罗门、天与人的大众,绝大部分人都沉没其中,像一团纠缠的线、一团纠结的线球、灯芯草和芭蕉丝一样乱成一团,无法超越那不幸的恶趣、堕落处、生死轮回……
‘‘Samuddo, samuddo’ti, bhikkhave, assutavā puthujjano bhāsati . Neso, bhikkhave, ariyassa vinaye samuddo. Mahā eso, bhikkhave, udakarāsi mahāudakaṇṇavo. Santi, bhikkhave, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyassa vinaye samuddo. Etthāyaṃ sadevako loko samārako sabrahmako sassamaṇabrāhmaṇī pajā sadevamanussā yebhuyyena samunnā tantākulakajātā kulagaṇṭhikajātā muñjapabbajabhūtā, apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ saṃsāraṃ nātivattati…pe….
1203“比丘们,有舌头能识知的、……(中略)……有意识能识知的、令人喜爱、令人悦意、令人愉快、可爱模样、与欲望相关、会激起贪染的法。比丘们,这个,在圣者的法与律中,就称为海。在这个‘海’里,整个包括天、魔、梵的世间,包括沙门、婆罗门、天与人的大众,绝大部分人都沉没其中,像一团纠缠的线、一团纠结的线球、灯芯草和芭蕉丝一样乱成一团,无法超越那不幸的恶趣、堕落处、生死轮回。”
‘‘Santi , bhikkhave, jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe… santi, bhikkhave, manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ariyassa vinaye samuddo. Etthāyaṃ sadevako loko samārako sabrahmako sassamaṇabrāhmaṇī pajā sadevamanussā yebhuyyena samunnā tantākulakajātā kulagaṇṭhikajātā muñjapabbajabhūtā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ saṃsāraṃ nātivattatī’’ti.
1204“若人的贪、嗔与无明,都已消失灭尽,
‘‘Yassa rāgo ca doso ca, avijjā ca virājitā;
1205他便超越了这有鲨鱼、有罗刹、有波浪危险、难以渡过的海。
So imaṃ samuddaṃ sagāhaṃ sarakkhasaṃ, saūmibhayaṃ duttaraṃ accatari.
1206“超越执着、征服死神、没有依着的人,已彻底断除苦,不再有未来再生;
‘‘Saṅgātigo maccujaho nirupadhi, pahāsi dukkhaṃ apunabbhavāya;
1207他已到达终点,不再回来,我称他已让死神王迷惑不解。”
Atthaṅgato so na puneti , amohayī, maccurājanti brūmī’’ti. dutiyaṃ;
1208无常的,世尊。……
‘‘Anicco, bhante’’…pe….
12093. 钓鱼者譬喻经
3. Bāḷisikopamasuttaṃ
230“诸比丘,好比有个渔夫,把带肉饵的钓钩扔进一个深水湖里。有只眼睛盯着肉饵的鱼,一口吞下钓钩。诸比丘,那只吞下钩的鱼就落入了渔夫的控制,遭遇不幸、遭受灾难,任由渔夫随意处置。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, bāḷisiko āmisagatabaḷisaṃ gambhīre udakarahade pakkhipeyya. Tamenaṃ aññataro āmisacakkhu maccho gileyya. Evañhi so, bhikkhave, maccho gilitabaḷiso bāḷisikassa anayaṃ āpanno byasanaṃ āpanno yathākāmakaraṇīyo bāḷisikassa.
1211“正是这样,诸比丘,世间有这六个钓钩,它们会给众生带来不幸,会让生命遭到杀害。哪六个呢?诸比丘,有眼能识别到的色——令人喜爱、令人欢喜、令人满意、令人觉得可爱的,是与欲乐相关、能引发染着的。诸比丘,如果一位比丘对这些色乐在其中、不断赞叹、执着不放,那么,诸比丘,这比丘就叫作吞下了钓钩,落入了魔罗的控制,遭遇不幸、遭受灾难,任由那个邪恶者随意处置。……诸比丘,有舌能识别到的味……。”
Evameva kho, bhikkhave, chayime baḷisā lokasmiṃ anayāya sattānaṃ vadhāya pāṇinaṃ. Katame cha? Santi, bhikkhave, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce, bhikkhu, abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gilitabaḷiso, mārassa anayaṃ āpanno byasanaṃ āpanno yathākāmakaraṇīyo pāpimato…pe… santi, bhikkhave, jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe….
1212“诸比丘,有意能识别到的法——令人喜爱、令人欢喜、令人满意、令人觉得可爱的,是与欲乐相关、能引发染着的。诸比丘,如果一位比丘对这些法乐在其中、不断赞叹、执着不放,那么,诸比丘,这比丘就叫作吞下了钓钩,落入了魔罗的控制,遭遇不幸、遭受灾难,任由那个邪恶者随意处置。”
Santi, bhikkhave, manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce, bhikkhu, abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gilitabaḷiso mārassa anayaṃ āpanno byasanaṃ āpanno yathākāmakaraṇīyo pāpimato.
1213“然而,诸比丘,确实有眼能识别到的色——令人喜爱、令人欢喜、令人满意、令人觉得可爱的,是与欲乐相关、能引发染着的。但如果一位比丘对这些色不乐在其中、不赞叹、不执着不放,那么,诸比丘,这比丘就叫作没有吞下钓钩,他折断了魔罗的钩,彻底破坏了这个钓钩,不会遭遇不幸,不会遭受灾难,不再是任由那个邪恶者随意处置的对象。……。”
‘‘Santi ca, bhikkhave, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na gilitabaḷiso mārassa abhedi baḷisaṃ paribhedi baḷisaṃ na anayaṃ āpanno na byasanaṃ āpanno na yathākāmakaraṇīyo pāpimato…pe….
1214“诸比丘,有舌能识别到的味……。诸比丘,有意能识别到的法——令人喜爱、令人欢喜、令人满意、令人觉得可爱的,是与欲乐相关、能引发染着的。如果一位比丘对这些法不乐在其中、不赞叹、不执着不放,那么,诸比丘,这比丘就叫作没有吞下钓钩,他折断了魔罗的钩,彻底破坏了这个钓钩,不会遭遇不幸,不会遭受灾难,不再是任由那个邪恶者随意处置的对象。”
‘‘Santi , bhikkhave, jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe…. Santi, bhikkhave, manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā. Tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na gilitabaḷiso mārassa abhedi baḷisaṃ paribhedi baḷisaṃ na anayaṃ āpanno na byasanaṃ āpanno na yathākāmakaraṇīyo pāpimato’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
12154. 乳树譬喻经
4. Khīrarukkhopamasuttaṃ
231“诸比丘,无论是哪位比丘或比丘尼,如果对于眼能识别到的色,他还有贪爱,他还有嗔恨,他还有愚痴;如果那贪爱尚未被舍弃,那嗔恨尚未被舍弃,那愚痴尚未被舍弃,那么,哪怕只有一点点眼能识别到的色进入他的视野,也会完全占据他的心。更何况是大量的色呢!那是什么原因?诸比丘,因为他还有贪爱,他还有嗔恨,他还有愚痴;那贪爱尚未被舍弃,那嗔恨尚未被舍弃,那愚痴尚未被舍弃。……。”
‘‘Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu yo rāgo so atthi, yo doso so atthi, yo moho so atthi, yo rāgo so appahīno, yo doso so appahīno, yo moho so appahīno tassa parittā cepi cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā cakkhussa āpāthaṃ āgacchanti pariyādiyantevassa cittaṃ; ko pana vādo adhimattānaṃ! Taṃ kissa hetu? Yo, bhikkhave, rāgo, so atthi, yo doso so atthi, yo moho so atthi, yo rāgo so appahīno, yo doso so appahīno, yo moho so appahīno…pe….
1217不,尊者。
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
1218诸比丘,无论是哪位比丘或比丘尼,他对于眼所了别的色,没有贪欲,没有瞋恚,没有愚痴——那个贪欲已经断除了,那个瞋恚已经断除了,那个愚痴已经断除了。既然如此,即使有很强烈的、眼所了别的色来到眼睛的范围,他的心也不会被它们完全占据,更别说那些微弱的了!为什么呢?诸比丘,因为那个贪欲不存在,那个瞋恚不存在,那个愚痴不存在;那个贪欲已经断除,那个瞋恚已经断除,那个愚痴已经断除……
‘‘Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu yo rāgo so natthi, yo doso so natthi, yo moho so natthi, yo rāgo so pahīno, yo doso so pahīno, yo moho so pahīno, tassa adhimattā cepi cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā cakkhussa āpāthaṃ āgacchanti nevassa cittaṃ pariyādiyanti; ko pana vādo parittānaṃ! Taṃ kissa hetu? Yo, bhikkhave, rāgo so natthi, yo doso so natthi, yo moho so natthi, yo rāgo so pahīno, yo doso so pahīno, yo moho so pahīno…pe….
1219诸比丘,无论是哪位比丘或比丘尼,他对于舌所了别的味道……乃至对于意所了别的法,没有贪欲,没有瞋恚,没有愚痴——那个贪欲已经断除了,那个瞋恚已经断除了,那个愚痴已经断除了。既然如此,即使有很强烈的、意所了别的法来到意的范围,他的心也不会被它们完全占据,更别说那些微弱的了!为什么呢?诸比丘,因为那个贪欲不存在,那个瞋恚不存在,那个愚痴不存在;那个贪欲已经断除,那个瞋恚已经断除,那个愚痴已经断除。诸比丘,好比一棵能出奶汁的树——无论是无花果、榕树、毕陵迦树,还是优昙婆罗树——干枯了、萎缩了、过了好几年。有人拿锋利的斧头朝这里砍、朝那里砍,它还会流出奶汁吗?”“不会,尊者。”“为什么呢?”“尊者,因为奶汁已经不存在了。”
‘‘Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā jivhāviññeyyesu rasesu…pe… manoviññeyyesu dhammesu yo rāgo so natthi, yo doso so natthi, yo moho so natthi, yo rāgo so pahīno, yo doso so pahīno, yo moho so pahīno, tassa adhimattā cepi manoviññeyyā dhammā manassa āpāthaṃ āgacchanti nevassa cittaṃ pariyādiyanti; ko pana vādo parittānaṃ! Taṃ kissa hetu? Yo, bhikkhave, rāgo so natthi, yo doso so natthi, yo moho so natthi, yo rāgo so pahīno, yo doso so pahīno, yo moho so pahīno. Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, khīrarukkho assattho vā nigrodho vā pilakkho vā udumbaro vā sukkho kolāpo terovassiko. Tamenaṃ puriso tiṇhāya kuṭhāriyā yato yato ābhindeyya āgaccheyya khīra’’nti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Taṃ kissa hetu’’? ‘‘Yañhi, bhante, khīraṃ taṃ natthī’’ti.
1220诸比丘,就像一棵能出乳浆的树——比如菩提树、榕树、无花果树、丛生果树,它还幼小、稚嫩、像幼苗一样。如果一个人用锋利的斧头从这里、从那里砍它,会有乳浆流出来吗?”“会的,尊者。”“为什么会这样呢?”“尊者,因为那乳浆是存在的。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, khīrarukkho assattho vā nigrodho vā pilakkho vā udumbaro vā daharo taruṇo komārako. Tamenaṃ puriso tiṇhāya kuṭhāriyā yato yato ābhindeyya āgaccheyya khīra’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Taṃ kissa hetu’’? ‘‘Yañhi, bhante, khīraṃ taṃ atthī’’ti.
1221诸比丘,同样地,无论是哪位比丘或比丘尼,他对于眼所了别的色,没有贪欲,没有瞋恚,没有愚痴——那个贪欲已经断除了,那个瞋恚已经断除了,那个愚痴已经断除了。既然如此,即使有很强烈的、眼所了别的色来到眼睛的范围,他的心也不会被它们完全占据,更别说那些微弱的了!为什么呢?诸比丘,因为那个贪欲不存在,那个瞋恚不存在,那个愚痴不存在;那个贪欲已经断除,那个瞋恚已经断除,那个愚痴已经断除……
‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu yo rāgo so natthi, yo doso so natthi, yo moho so natthi, yo rāgo so pahīno, yo doso so pahīno, yo moho so pahīno, tassa adhimattā cepi cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā cakkhussa āpāthaṃ āgacchanti nevassa cittaṃ pariyādiyanti; ko pana vādo parittānaṃ! Taṃ kissa hetu? Yo, bhikkhave, rāgo so natthi, yo doso so natthi, yo moho so natthi, yo rāgo so pahīno, yo doso so pahīno, yo moho so pahīno…pe….
1222诸比丘,无论是哪位比丘或比丘尼,他对于舌所了别的味道……
‘‘Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā jivhāviññeyyesu rasesu…pe….
1223诸比丘,无论是哪位比丘或比丘尼,他对于意所了别的法,没有贪欲,没有瞋恚,没有愚痴——那个贪欲已经断除了,那个瞋恚已经断除了,那个愚痴已经断除了。既然如此,即使有很强烈的、意所了别的法来到意的范围,他的心也不会被它们完全占据,更别说那些微弱的了!为什么呢?诸比丘,因为那个贪欲不存在,那个瞋恚不存在,那个愚痴不存在;那个贪欲已经断除,那个瞋恚已经断除,那个愚痴已经断除。这就是第四经。
‘‘Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā manoviññeyyesu dhammesu yo rāgo so natthi, yo doso so natthi, yo moho so natthi, yo rāgo so pahīno, yo doso so pahīno, yo moho so pahīno, tassa adhimattā cepi manoviññeyyā dhammā manassa āpāthaṃ āgacchanti, nevassa cittaṃ pariyādiyanti; ko pana vādo parittānaṃ! Taṃ kissa hetu? Yo, bhikkhave, rāgo so natthi , yo doso so natthi, yo moho so natthi, yo rāgo so pahīno, yo doso so pahīno, yo moho so pahīno’’ti. Catutthaṃ.
1224“诸比丘,如果有任何比丘或比丘尼,对于眼所能识别的色法,生起贪欲、染着、嗔恚、愚痴乃至于心的抗拒,他应当从此处调伏其心。这条路是危险的,有怖畏的,有荆棘的,有丛林的,是歧途,是邪路,是有盗贼出没的。这条路是小人所行的,不是善人所行的。你不应当走这条路。他应当从此处调伏其心,从眼所能识别的色法上调伏。……诸比丘,如果有任何比丘或比丘尼,对于舌所能识别的味道……对于意所能识别的法,生起贪欲、染着、嗔恚、愚痴乃至于心的抗拒,他应当从此处调伏其心。这条路是危险的,有怖畏的,有荆棘的,有丛林的,是歧途,是邪路,是有盗贼出没的。这条路是小人所行的,不是善人所行的。你不应当走这条路。他应当从此处调伏其心,从意所能识别的法上调伏。”
‘‘Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu uppajjeyya chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso, tato cittaṃ nivāreyya. Sabhayo ceso maggo sappaṭibhayo ca sakaṇṭako ca sagahano ca ummaggo ca kummaggo ca duhitiko ca. Asappurisasevito ceso maggo, na ceso maggo sappurisehi sevito. Na tvaṃ etaṃ arahasīti. Tato cittaṃ nivāraye cakkhuviññeyyehi rūpehi…pe… yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā jivhāviññeyyesu rasesu…pe… manoviññeyyesu dhammesu uppajjeyya chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso tato cittaṃ nivāreyya. Sabhayo ceso maggo sappaṭibhayo ca sakaṇṭako ca sagahano ca ummaggo ca kummaggo ca duhitiko ca. Asappurisasevito ceso maggo, na ceso maggo sappurisehi sevito. Na tvaṃ etaṃ arahasīti. Tato cittaṃ nivāraye manoviññeyyehi dhammehi.
1225对于任何一个比丘或比丘尼,如果他对舌所识知的诸味,有贪存在……
‘‘Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā jivhāviññeyyesu rasesu yo rāgo so atthi…pe….
1226同样地,诸比丘,对于任何一个比丘或比丘尼,如果他对眼所识知的诸色,有贪存在,有嗔存在,有痴存在,贪未断除,嗔未断除,痴未断除,那么,即使只是微小的眼所识知的诸色进入他的眼界,他的心也会被它们完全占据,更何况那些显著的!为什么会这样呢?诸比丘,因为他有贪,有嗔,有痴,贪未断除,嗔未断除,痴未断除。……
‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu yo rāgo so atthi, yo doso so atthi, yo moho so atthi, yo rāgo so appahīno, yo doso so appahīno, yo moho so appahīno, tassa parittā cepi cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā cakkhussa āpāthaṃ āgacchanti pariyādiyantevassa cittaṃ; ko pana vādo adhimattānaṃ! Taṃ kissa hetu? Yo, bhikkhave, rāgo so atthi, yo doso so atthi , yo moho so atthi, yo rāgo so appahīno, yo doso so appahīno, yo moho so appahīno…pe….
1227诸比丘,对于任何一个比丘或比丘尼,如果他对意所识知的诸法,有贪存在,有嗔存在,有痴存在,贪未断除,嗔未断除,痴未断除,那么,即使只是微小的意所识知的诸法进入他的意门,他的心也会被它们完全占据,更何况那些显著的!为什么会这样呢?诸比丘,因为他有贪,有嗔,有痴,贪未断除,嗔未断除,痴未断除。
‘‘Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā manoviññeyyesu dhammesu yo rāgo so atthi, yo doso so atthi, yo moho so atthi, yo rāgo so appahīno, yo doso so appahīno, yo moho so appahīno, tassa parittā cepi manoviññeyyā dhammā manassa āpāthaṃ āgacchanti pariyādiyantevassa cittaṃ; ko pana vādo adhimattānaṃ! Taṃ kissa hetu? Yo, bhikkhave, rāgo, so atthi, yo doso so atthi, yo moho so atthi, yo rāgo so appahīno, yo doso so appahīno, yo moho so appahīno.
1228对于任何一个比丘或比丘尼,如果他对舌所识知的诸味,有贪存在……
‘‘Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā jivhāviññeyyesu rasesu yo rāgo so atthi…pe….
12295. 果提咖经
5. Koṭṭhikasuttaṃ
232有一次,尊者舍利弗和尊者大拘絺罗住在波罗奈城的仙人堕处,鹿野苑中。那时,尊者大拘絺罗在傍晚时分从禅坐处起来,来到尊者舍利弗那里。到了之后,与尊者舍利弗互相问候,欢欣地说完见面的话,然后坐在一边。坐在一边的尊者大拘絺罗对尊者舍利弗这样说:
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ca sāriputto āyasmā ca mahākoṭṭhiko bārāṇasiyaṃ viharanti isipatane migadāye. Atha kho āyasmā mahākoṭṭhiko sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā sāriputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā sāriputtena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā mahākoṭṭhiko āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ etadavoca –
1231“舍利弗尊者,眼是色的束缚,还是色是眼的束缚……舌是味的束缚,还是味是舌的束缚……意是法的束缚,还是法是意的束缚呢?”
‘‘Kiṃ nu kho, āvuso sāriputta, cakkhu rūpānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, rūpā cakkhussa saṃyojanaṃ…pe… jivhā rasānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, rasā jivhāya saṃyojanaṃ …pe… mano dhammānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, dhammā manassa saṃyojana’’nti?
1232“拘絺罗尊者,眼不是色的束缚,色也不是眼的束缚。依这两者而生起的欲贪,那才是束缚……舌不是味的束缚,味也不是舌的束缚。依这两者而生起的欲贪,那才是束缚……意不是法的束缚,法也不是意的束缚。依这两者而生起的欲贪,那才是束缚。”
‘‘Na kho, āvuso koṭṭhika, cakkhu rūpānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, na rūpā cakkhussa saṃyojanaṃ. Yañca tattha tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati chandarāgo taṃ tattha saṃyojanaṃ…pe… na jivhā rasānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, na rasā jivhāya saṃyojanaṃ. Yañca tattha tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati chandarāgo taṃ tattha saṃyojanaṃ…pe… na mano dhammānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, na dhammā manassa saṃyojanaṃ. Yañca tattha tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati chandarāgo taṃ tattha saṃyojanaṃ.
1233“尊者,就像一头黑牛和一头白牛,用一条绳子或索套拴在一起。如果有人说‘黑牛是白牛的束缚,白牛是黑牛的束缚’,他这样说,说得对吗?”“尊者,不对。”“尊者,黑牛不是白牛的束缚,白牛也不是黑牛的束缚。把它们拴在一起的那条绳子或索套,那才是束缚。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi , āvuso, kāḷo ca balībaddo odāto ca balībaddo ekena dāmena vā yottena vā saṃyuttā assu. Yo nu kho evaṃ vadeyya – ‘kāḷo balībaddo odātassa balībaddassa saṃyojanaṃ, odāto balībaddo kāḷassa balībaddassa saṃyojana’nti, sammā nu kho so vadamāno vadeyyā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, āvuso’’. ‘‘Na kho, āvuso, kāḷo balībaddo odātassa balībaddassa saṃyojanaṃ, na odāto balībaddo kāḷassa balībaddassa saṃyojanaṃ. Yena ca kho te ekena dāmena vā yottena vā saṃyuttā taṃ tattha saṃyojanaṃ.
1234“同样的道理,尊者,眼不是色的束缚,色也不是眼的束缚。依这两者而生起的欲贪,那才是束缚……舌不是味的束缚……意不是法的束缚,法也不是意的束缚。依这两者而生起的欲贪,那才是束缚。”
‘‘Evameva kho, āvuso, na cakkhu rūpānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, na rūpā cakkhussa saṃyojanaṃ. Yañca tattha tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati chandarāgo taṃ tattha saṃyojanaṃ…pe… na jivhā rasānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ…pe… na mano dhammānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, na dhammā manassa saṃyojanaṃ. Yañca tattha tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati chandarāgo, taṃ tattha saṃyojanaṃ.
1235“尊者,如果眼是色的束缚,或者色是眼的束缚,那么为了彻底灭尽苦而修习梵行,就不会显现出来。但正因为眼不是色的束缚,色也不是眼的束缚,依这两者而生起的欲贪才是束缚,所以为了彻底灭尽苦而修习梵行才显现出来……
‘‘Cakkhu vā, āvuso, rūpānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ abhavissa, rūpā vā cakkhussa saṃyojanaṃ, nayidaṃ brahmacariyavāso paññāyetha sammā dukkhakkhayāya. Yasmā ca kho, āvuso, na cakkhu rūpānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, na rūpā cakkhussa saṃyojanaṃ ; yañca tattha tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati chandarāgo, taṃ tattha saṃyojanaṃ, tasmā brahmacariyavāso paññāyati sammā dukkhakkhayāya…pe….
1236“尊者,如果舌是味的束缚,或者味是舌的束缚,那么为了彻底灭尽苦而修习梵行,就不会显现出来。但正因为舌不是味的束缚,味也不是舌的束缚,依这两者而生起的欲贪才是束缚,所以为了彻底灭尽苦而修习梵行才显现出来……”
‘‘Jivhā, āvuso, rasānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ abhavissa, rasā vā jivhāya saṃyojanaṃ, nayidaṃ brahmacariyavāso paññāyetha sammā dukkhakkhayāya. Yasmā ca kho, āvuso, na jivhā rasānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, na rasā jivhāya saṃyojanaṃ; yañca tattha tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati chandarāgo, taṃ tattha saṃyojanaṃ, tasmā brahmacariyavāso paññāyati sammā dukkhakkhayāya…pe….
1237朋友,如果意是诸法的结缚,或者法是意的结缚,那么这梵行就不会被看作是导向彻底灭苦的。正因为实际上并不是意是诸法的结缚,也不是法是意的结缚;而是依这两者而生起的欲贪,那才是那里的结缚,所以这梵行才被看作是导向彻底灭苦的。
‘‘Mano vā, āvuso, dhammānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ abhavissa, dhammā vā manassa saṃyojanaṃ, nayidaṃ brahmacariyavāso paññāyetha sammā dukkhakkhayāya. Yasmā ca kho, āvuso, na mano dhammānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, na dhammā manassa saṃyojanaṃ; yañca tattha tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati chandarāgo, taṃ tattha saṃyojanaṃ, tasmā brahmacariyavāso paññāyati sammā dukkhakkhayāya.
1238朋友,应该通过这个方式来理解:眼不是色的结缚,色也不是眼的结缚;依这两者而生起的欲贪,那才是那里的结缚。耳不是声的结缚,声也不是耳的结缚;依这两者而生起的欲贪,那才是那里的结缚。鼻不是香的结缚,香也不是鼻的结缚;依这两者而生起的欲贪,那才是那里的结缚。舌不是味的结缚,味也不是舌的结缚;依这两者而生起的欲贪,那才是那里的结缚。身不是所触的结缚,所触也不是身的结缚;依这两者而生起的欲贪,那才是那里的结缚。意不是法的结缚,法也不是意的结缚;依这两者而生起的欲贪,那才是那里的结缚。
‘‘Imināpetaṃ , āvuso, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ yathā na cakkhu rūpānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, na rūpā cakkhussa saṃyojanaṃ. Yañca tattha tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati chandarāgo, taṃ tattha saṃyojanaṃ…pe… na jivhā rasānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ…pe… na mano dhammānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, na dhammā manassa saṃyojanaṃ. Yañca tattha tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati chandarāgo, taṃ tattha saṃyojanaṃ.
1239朋友,世尊有眼,世尊以眼见色,世尊没有欲贪,世尊的心彻底解脱。世尊有耳,世尊以耳听声,世尊没有欲贪,世尊的心彻底解脱。世尊有鼻,世尊以鼻嗅香,世尊没有欲贪,世尊的心彻底解脱。世尊有舌,世尊以舌尝味,世尊没有欲贪,世尊的心彻底解脱。世尊有身,世尊以身触所触,世尊没有欲贪,世尊的心彻底解脱。世尊有意,世尊以意识知法,世尊没有欲贪,世尊的心彻底解脱。
‘‘Saṃvijjati kho, āvuso, bhagavato cakkhu. Passati bhagavā cakkhunā rūpaṃ. Chandarāgo bhagavato natthi. Suvimuttacitto bhagavā. Saṃvijjati kho, āvuso, bhagavato sotaṃ. Suṇāti bhagavā sotena saddaṃ. Chandarāgo bhagavato natthi. Suvimuttacitto bhagavā. Saṃvijjati kho, āvuso, bhagavato ghānaṃ. Ghāyati bhagavā ghānena gandhaṃ. Chandarāgo bhagavato natthi. Suvimuttacitto bhagavā. Saṃvijjati kho, āvuso, bhagavato jivhā. Sāyati bhagavā jivhāya rasaṃ. Chandarāgo bhagavato natthi. Suvimuttacitto bhagavā. Saṃvijjati kho, āvuso, bhagavato kāyo. Phusati bhagavā kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ. Chandarāgo bhagavato natthi. Suvimuttacitto bhagavā. Saṃvijjati kho, āvuso, bhagavato mano. Vijānāti bhagavā manasā dhammaṃ. Chandarāgo bhagavato natthi. Suvimuttacitto bhagavā.
1240朋友,应该通过这个方式来理解:眼不是色的结缚,色也不是眼的结缚;依这两者而生起的欲贪,那才是那里的结缚。舌不是味的结缚,味也不是舌的结缚;依这两者而生起的欲贪,那才是那里的结缚。……意不是法的结缚,法也不是意的结缚;依这两者而生起的欲贪,那才是那里的结缚。第五。
‘‘Iminā kho etaṃ, āvuso, pariyāyena veditabbaṃ yathā na cakkhu rūpānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, na rūpā cakkhussa saṃyojanaṃ; yañca tattha tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati chandarāgo, taṃ tattha saṃyojanaṃ. Na sotaṃ… na ghānaṃ… na jivhā rasānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, na rasā jivhāya saṃyojanaṃ; yañca tattha tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati chandarāgo taṃ tattha saṃyojanaṃ. Na kāyo… na mano dhammānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, na dhammā manassa saṃyojanaṃ; yañca tattha tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati chandarāgo, taṃ tattha saṃyojana’’nti. Pañcamaṃ.
12416. 咖马普经
6. Kāmabhūsuttaṃ
233有一次,尊者阿难和尊者迦摩普住在拘睒弥的瞿师多园。那时,尊者迦摩普在傍晚时分,从独处中起来,去到尊者阿难那里。到了之后,与尊者阿难互相问候,说了一些愉快、值得忆念的话,然后坐在一边。坐在一边的尊者迦摩普对尊者阿难这样说:
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ca ānando āyasmā ca kāmabhū kosambiyaṃ viharanti ghositārāme. Atha kho āyasmā kāmabhū sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā ānandena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā kāmabhū āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca –
1243“朋友阿难,眼是色的结缚呢?色是眼的结缚呢?……舌是味的结缚呢?味是舌的结缚呢?……意是法的结缚呢?法是意的结缚呢?”
‘‘Kiṃ nu kho, āvuso ānanda, cakkhu rūpānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, rūpā cakkhussa saṃyojanaṃ…pe… jivhā rasānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, rasā jivhāya saṃyojanaṃ…pe… mano dhammānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, dhammā manassa saṃyojana’’nti?
1244"问浮木尊者,眼不是色的结,色也不是眼的结。那里由这两者而生起的欲贪,那才是那里的结……舌不是味的结,味也不是舌的结……意不是法的结,法也不是意的结。那里由这两者而生起的欲贪,那才是那里的结。"
‘‘Na kho, āvuso kāmabhū , cakkhu rūpānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, na rūpā cakkhussa saṃyojanaṃ. Yañca tattha tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati chandarāgo, taṃ tattha saṃyojanaṃ…pe… na jivhā rasānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, na rasā jivhāya saṃyojanaṃ…pe… na mano dhammānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, na dhammā manassa saṃyojanaṃ. Yañca tattha tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati chandarāgo taṃ tattha saṃyojanaṃ.
1245"朋友,就好比一头黑牛和一头白牛,被一条绳子或皮带捆在一起。如果有人这么说:'黑牛是白牛的束缚,白牛是黑牛的束缚',他这样说,说对了吗?""朋友,这不对。""朋友,黑牛不是白牛的束缚,白牛也不是黑牛的束缚。它们俩被那一条绳子或皮带捆在一起,那才是那里的束缚。正是这样,朋友,眼不是色的结,色也不是眼的结……舌……意……那里由这两者而生起的欲贪,那才是那里的结。"第六经。
‘‘Seyyathāpi , āvuso, kāḷo ca balībaddo odāto ca balībaddo ekena dāmena vā yottena vā saṃyuttā assu. Yo nu kho evaṃ vadeyya – ‘kāḷo balībaddo odātassa balībaddassa saṃyojanaṃ, odāto balībaddo kāḷassa balībaddassa saṃyojana’nti, sammā nu kho so vadamāno vadeyyā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, āvuso’’. ‘‘Na kho, āvuso, kāḷo balībaddo odātassa balībaddassa saṃyojanaṃ, napi odāto balībaddo kāḷassa balībaddassa saṃyojanaṃ. Yena ca kho te ekena dāmena vā yottena vā saṃyuttā, taṃ tattha saṃyojanaṃ. Evameva kho , āvuso, na cakkhu rūpānaṃ saṃyojanaṃ, na rūpā cakkhussa saṃyojanaṃ…pe… na jivhā…pe… na mano…pe… yañca tattha tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati chandarāgo, taṃ tattha saṃyojana’’nti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
12467. 伍达夷经
7. Udāyīsuttaṃ
234"有一次,安难尊者和邬达夷尊者住在拘睒弥的果西答园。那时,邬达夷尊者在傍晚时分,从独自禅修处起身,来到安难尊者那里。到了之后,与安难尊者互相问候致意。说完亲切友好的见面话后,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的邬达夷尊者对安难尊者这样说:"
Ekaṃ samayaṃ āyasmā ca ānando āyasmā ca udāyī kosambiyaṃ viharanti ghositārāme. Atha kho āyasmā udāyī sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yenāyasmā ānando tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmatā ānandena saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā udāyī āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca –
1248""安难朋友,就像世尊以种种方式说明、揭示、阐明过'这个身体是这样无我的',那么,也能同样地说明、教导、宣说、建立、揭示、分析、阐明'这个识也是这样无我的'吗?"
‘‘Yatheva nu kho, āvuso ānanda, ayaṃ kāyo bhagavatā anekapariyāyena akkhāto vivaṭo pakāsito – ‘itipāyaṃ kāyo anattā’ti, sakkā evameva viññāṇaṃ pidaṃ ācikkhituṃ desetuṃ paññapetuṃ paṭṭhapetuṃ vivarituṃ vibhajituṃ uttānīkātuṃ – ‘itipidaṃ viññāṇaṃ anattā’’’ti?
1249""邬达夷朋友,就像世尊以种种方式说明、揭示、阐明过'这个身体是这样无我的',那么,也能同样地说明、教导、宣说、建立、揭示、分析、阐明'这个识也是这样无我的'。"
‘‘Yatheva kho, āvuso udāyī, ayaṃ kāyo bhagavatā anekapariyāyena akkhāto vivaṭo pakāsito – ‘itipāyaṃ kāyo anattā’ti, sakkā evameva viññāṇaṃ pidaṃ ācikkhituṃ desetuṃ paññapetuṃ paṭṭhapetuṃ vivarituṃ vibhajituṃ uttānīkātuṃ – ‘itipidaṃ viññāṇaṃ anattā’’’ti.
1250""朋友,依于眼和色,眼识就生起,是吗?""是的,朋友。""朋友,假使能让眼识生起的原因和条件,那个原因、那个条件,完完全全、毫无剩余地彻底灭去,那么,眼识还会不会显现出来呢?""朋友,这不会。""朋友,就凭这个道理,世尊就已经说明、揭示、阐明了——'这个识也是这样无我的'……""
‘‘Cakkhuñca, āvuso, paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇa’’nti? ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti . ‘‘Yo cāvuso, hetu, yo ca paccayo cakkhuviññāṇassa uppādāya, so ca hetu, so ca paccayo sabbena sabbaṃ sabbathā sabbaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjheyya. Api nu kho cakkhuviññāṇaṃ paññāyethā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, āvuso’’. ‘‘Imināpi kho etaṃ, āvuso, pariyāyena bhagavatā akkhātaṃ vivaṭaṃ pakāsitaṃ – ‘itipidaṃ viññāṇaṃ anattā’’’ti…pe….
1251“朋友,缘于舌和诸味,舌识生起吗?”“是的,朋友。”“朋友,那舌识生起的因、缘,如果这些因、这些缘完完全全、彻彻底底、毫无残余地息灭了,舌识还能被了知吗?”“这不可能,朋友。”“朋友,世尊也正是用这个方法开示、说明、公开指出了——‘这个识也是无我。’”…(中略)…
‘‘Jivhañcāvuso, paṭicca rase ca uppajjati jivhāviññāṇa’’nti? ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti. ‘‘Yo cāvuso, hetu yo ca paccayo jivhāviññāṇassa uppādāya, so ca hetu, so ca paccayo sabbena sabbaṃ sabbathā sabbaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjheyya, api nu kho jivhāviññāṇaṃ paññāyethā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, āvuso’’. ‘‘Imināpi kho etaṃ, āvuso, pariyāyena bhagavatā akkhātaṃ vivaṭaṃ pakāsitaṃ – ‘itipidaṃ viññāṇaṃ anattā’’’ti…pe….
1252“朋友,缘于意和诸法,意识生起吗?”“是的,朋友。”“朋友,那意识生起的因、缘,如果这些因、这些缘完完全全、彻彻底底、毫无残余地息灭了,意识还能被了知吗?”“这不可能,朋友。”“朋友,世尊也正是用这个方法开示、说明、公开指出了——‘这个识也是无我。’”
‘‘Manañcāvuso, paṭicca dhamme ca uppajjati manoviññāṇa’’nti? ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti. ‘‘Yo cāvuso, hetu, yo ca paccayo manoviññāṇassa uppādāya, so ca hetu, so ca paccayo sabbena sabbaṃ sabbathā sabbaṃ aparisesaṃ nirujjheyya, api nu kho manoviññāṇaṃ paññāyethā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, āvuso’’. ‘‘Imināpi kho etaṃ, āvuso, pariyāyena bhagavatā akkhātaṃ vivaṭaṃ pakāsitaṃ – ‘itipidaṃ viññāṇaṃ anattā’’’ti.
1253“朋友,就像有个人需要心材、寻找心材、到处找寻心材,带着一把锋利的斧头走进森林。在那里,他看见一棵又直又新、没有节疤的大芭蕉树干。他在根部把它砍断,砍断根部后又砍断顶部,砍断顶部后剥开层层叶鞘。他在那里连一点坚实的木质都找不到,更别说心材了!同样地,朋友,比丘在六触处中既看不见自我,也看不见属于自我的东西。这样看不见后,他对世间的一切都不再执取。不执取就不会恐惧。不恐惧就自己完全涅槃。他了知:‘生已尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有来生。’”这是第七经。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, āvuso, puriso sāratthiko sāragavesī sārapariyesanaṃ caramāno tiṇhaṃ kuṭhāriṃ ādāya vanaṃ paviseyya. So tattha passeyya mahantaṃ kadalikkhandhaṃ ujuṃ navaṃ akukkukajātaṃ . Tamenaṃ mūle chindeyya ; mūle chetvā agge chindeyya; agge chetvā pattavaṭṭiṃ vinibbhujeyya . So tattha pheggumpi nādhigaccheyya, kuto sāraṃ! Evameva kho, āvuso, bhikkhu chasu phassāyatanesu nevattānaṃ na attaniyaṃ samanupassati. So evaṃ asamanupassanto na kiñci loke upādiyati. Anupādiyaṃ na paritassati. Aparitassaṃ paccattaññeva parinibbāyati. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
12548. 燃烧法门经
8. Ādittapariyāyasuttaṃ
235“比丘们,我将为你们开示燃烧法门这一教法。你们仔细听。比丘们,什么是燃烧法门、什么是燃烧教法?比丘们,我宁可让一根被烧得火红、炽热燃烧、火焰炽盛的铁棒毁坏眼根,也绝不让自己去执取眼睛所识知的那些色相上的细节和特征。比丘们,如果那时识住着在相的好味上、住着在细节特征的好味上而死去,那么它就有可能趣向两种去处之一:地狱或畜生道。比丘们,我因为看到了这种过患,才这样说的。”
‘‘Ādittapariyāyaṃ vo, bhikkhave, dhammapariyāyaṃ desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha. Katamo ca, bhikkhave, ādittapariyāyo, dhammapariyāyo? Varaṃ, bhikkhave, tattāya ayosalākāya ādittāya sampajjalitāya sajotibhūtāya cakkhundriyaṃ sampalimaṭṭhaṃ, na tveva cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu anubyañjanaso nimittaggāho. Nimittassādagathitaṃ vā, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṃ tiṭṭhamānaṃ tiṭṭheyya, anubyañjanassādagathitaṃ vā tasmiñce samaye kālaṃ kareyya, ṭhānametaṃ vijjati, yaṃ dvinnaṃ gatīnaṃ aññataraṃ gatiṃ gaccheyya – nirayaṃ vā, tiracchānayoniṃ vā. Imaṃ khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ādīnavaṃ disvā evaṃ vadāmi.
1256“比丘们,我宁可让一根被烧得火红、炽热燃烧、火焰炽盛的锋利铁钉毁坏耳根,也绝不让自己去执取耳朵所识知的那些声音上的细节和特征。比丘们,如果那时识住着在相的好味上、住着在细节特征的好味上而死去,那么它就有可能趣向两种去处之一:地狱或畜生道。比丘们,我因为看到了这种过患,才这样说的。”
‘‘Varaṃ, bhikkhave, tiṇhena ayosaṅkunā ādittena sampajjalitena sajotibhūtena sotindriyaṃ sampalimaṭṭhaṃ, na tveva sotaviññeyyesu saddesu anubyañjanaso nimittaggāho. Nimittassādagathitaṃ vā, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṃ tiṭṭhamānaṃ tiṭṭheyya , anubyañjanassādagathitaṃ vā tasmiñce samaye kālaṅkareyya, ṭhānametaṃ vijjati, yaṃ dvinnaṃ gatīnaṃ aññataraṃ gatiṃ gaccheyya – nirayaṃ vā tiracchānayoniṃ vā. Imaṃ khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ādīnavaṃ disvā evaṃ vadāmi .
1257“比丘们,我宁可让一把被烧得火红、炽热燃烧、火焰炽盛的锋利指甲刀毁坏鼻根,也绝不让自己去执取鼻子所识知的那些气味上的细节和特征。比丘们,如果那时识住着在相的好味上、住着在细节特征的好味上而死去,那么它就有可能趣向两种去处之一:地狱或畜生道。比丘们,我因为看到了这种过患,才这样说的。”
‘‘Varaṃ , bhikkhave, tiṇhena nakhacchedanena ādittena sampajjalitena sajotibhūtena ghānindriyaṃ sampalimaṭṭhaṃ, na tveva ghānaviññeyyesu gandhesu anubyañjanaso nimittaggāho. Nimittassādagathitaṃ vā, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṃ tiṭṭhamānaṃ tiṭṭheyya, anubyañjanassādagathitaṃ vā tasmiñce samaye kālaṃ kareyya. Ṭhānametaṃ vijjati, yaṃ dvinnaṃ gatīnaṃ aññataraṃ gatiṃ gaccheyya – nirayaṃ vā tiracchānayoniṃ vā. Imaṃ khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ādīnavaṃ disvā evaṃ vadāmi.
1258“比丘们,与其让舌头这个感官被锋利的剃刀——燃烧着、炽热着、火光熊熊——割得稀烂,也绝不要对舌所识知的诸味去抓取随相和细相。比丘们,因为如果心识执著于味的甜头相而住立,或者执著于细相的甜头而住立,并且恰好在那时候死掉的话,这就有可能性:他会转生到两种去处之一——地狱或者畜生道。比丘们,我是看到了这种过患才这么说的。”
‘‘Varaṃ, bhikkhave, tiṇhena khurena ādittena sampajjalitena sajotibhūtena jivhindriyaṃ sampalimaṭṭhaṃ, na tveva jivhāviññeyyesu rasesu anubyañjanaso nimittaggāho. Nimittassādagathitaṃ vā, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṃ tiṭṭhamānaṃ tiṭṭheyya, anubyañjanassādagathitaṃ vā tasmiñce samaye kālaṃ kareyya. Ṭhānametaṃ vijjati, yaṃ dvinnaṃ gatīnaṃ aññataraṃ gatiṃ gaccheyya – nirayaṃ vā tiracchānayoniṃ vā. Imaṃ khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ādīnavaṃ disvā evaṃ vadāmi.
1259“比丘们,与其让身体这个感官被锋利的矛——燃烧着、炽热着、火光熊熊——刺得稀烂,也绝不要对身所识知的诸触去抓取随相和细相。比丘们,因为如果心识执著于触的甜头相而住立,或者执著于细相的甜头而住立,并且恰好在那时候死掉的话,这就有可能性:他会转生到两种去处之一——地狱或者畜生道。比丘们,我是看到了这种过患才这么说的。”
‘‘Varaṃ, bhikkhave, tiṇhāya sattiyā ādittāya sampajjalitāya sajotibhūtāya kāyindriyaṃ sampalimaṭṭhaṃ, na tveva kāyaviññeyyesu phoṭṭhabbesu anubyañjanaso nimittaggāho. Nimittassādagathitaṃ vā, bhikkhave, viññāṇaṃ tiṭṭhamānaṃ tiṭṭheyya, anubyañjanassādagathitaṃ vā tasmiñce samaye kālaṃ kareyya. Ṭhānametaṃ vijjati, yaṃ dvinnaṃ gatīnaṃ aññataraṃ gatiṃ gaccheyya – nirayaṃ vā tiracchānayoniṃ vā. Imaṃ khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ādīnavaṃ disvā evaṃ vadāmi.
1260“比丘们,我宁愿你们沉睡。比丘们,我说沉睡这种活法是徒劳的、没有果报的、昏昧的,但即便如此,也绝不要起那样的心思,顺着那种心思走,跑去分裂僧团。比丘们,我是看到了这种徒劳活法的过患才这么说的。”
‘‘Varaṃ, bhikkhave, sottaṃ. Sottaṃ kho panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, vañjhaṃ jīvitānaṃ vadāmi, aphalaṃ jīvitānaṃ vadāmi, momūhaṃ jīvitānaṃ vadāmi, na tveva tathārūpe vitakke vitakkeyya yathārūpānaṃ vitakkānaṃ vasaṃ gato saṅghaṃ bhindeyya. Imaṃ khvāhaṃ, bhikkhave , vañjhaṃ jīvitānaṃ ādīnavaṃ disvā evaṃ vadāmi.
1261“比丘们,在那种情况下,多闻的圣弟子会这样反复思惟:‘且先放下被炽热的铁棒——燃烧着、炽热着、火光熊熊——刺烂眼睛这件事。来吧,我现在就这样来作意:眼是无常的,诸色是无常的,眼识是无常的,眼触是无常的,那些由眼触为缘而生起的感受,不管是乐、苦还是不苦不乐,也都是无常的。’”
‘‘Tattha, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako iti paṭisañcikkhati – ‘tiṭṭhatu tāva tattāya ayosalākāya ādittāya sampajjalitāya sajotibhūtāya cakkhundriyaṃ sampalimaṭṭhaṃ. Handāhaṃ idameva manasi karomi – iti cakkhu aniccaṃ, rūpā aniccā, cakkhuviññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ, cakkhusamphasso anicco, yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccaṃ’’’ .
1262“‘且先放下被那锋利、燃烧着、炽热着、火光熊熊的铁锥扎烂耳朵这件事。来吧,我现在就这样来作意:耳是无常的,诸声是无常的,耳识是无常的,耳触是无常的,那些由耳触为缘而生起的感受,不管是乐、苦还是不苦不乐,也都是无常的。’”
‘‘Tiṭṭhatu tāva tiṇhena ayosaṅkunā ādittena sampajjalitena sajotibhūtena sotindriyaṃ sampalimaṭṭhaṃ. Handāhaṃ idameva manasi karomi – iti sotaṃ aniccaṃ, saddā aniccā, sotaviññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ, sotasamphasso anicco, yampidaṃ sotasamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccaṃ.
1263“‘且先放下被那锋利、燃烧着、炽热着、火光熊熊的剪指甲刀毁掉鼻子这件事。来吧,我现在就这样来作意:鼻是无常的,诸香是无常的,鼻识是无常的,鼻触是无常的,那些由鼻触为缘而生起的感受……也都是无常的。’”
‘‘Tiṭṭhatu tāva tiṇhena nakhacchedanena ādittena sampajjalitena sajotibhūtena ghānindriyaṃ sampalimaṭṭhaṃ. Handāhaṃ idameva manasi karomi – iti ghānaṃ aniccaṃ, gandhā aniccā, ghānaviññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ, ghānasamphasso anicco, yampidaṃ ghānasamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ…pe… tampi aniccaṃ.
1264“就算有人用锋利、燃烧、火光四射的刀片刮他的舌根——先不管这种可能。来吧,我这样用心观察:这样,舌是无常的,味道是无常的,舌识是无常的,舌触是无常的,以舌触为条件而生起的……乃至……那些也是无常的。”
‘‘Tiṭṭhatu tāva tiṇhena khurena ādittena sampajjalitena sajotibhūtena jivhindriyaṃ sampalimaṭṭhaṃ. Handāhaṃ idameva manasi karomi – iti jivhā aniccā, rasā aniccā, jivhāviññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ, jivhāsamphasso anicco, yampidaṃ jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati…pe… tampi aniccaṃ.
1265“就算有人用锋利、燃烧、火光四射的长矛戳他的身体——先不管这种可能。来吧,我这样用心观察:这样,身体是无常的,所触是无常的,身识是无常的,身触是无常的,以身触为条件而生起的感受……乃至……那些也是无常的。”
‘‘Tiṭṭhatu tāva tiṇhāya sattiyā ādittāya sampajjalitāya sajotibhūtāya kāyindriyaṃ sampalimaṭṭhaṃ. Handāhaṃ idameva manasi karomi – iti kāyo anicco, phoṭṭhabbā aniccā , kāyaviññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ, kāyasamphasso anicco, yampidaṃ kāyasamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ…pe… tampi aniccaṃ.
1266“就算暂时放下睡觉的事吧。来吧,我这样用心观察:这样,意是无常的,法是无常的,意识是无常的,意触是无常的,以意触为条件而生起的感受——乐受、苦受或不苦不乐受,那也是无常的。”
‘‘Tiṭṭhatu tāva sottaṃ. Handāhaṃ idameva manasi karomi – iti mano anicco, dhammā aniccā, manoviññāṇaṃ aniccaṃ, manosamphasso anicco, yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā tampi aniccaṃ’’.
1267比丘们,多闻的圣弟子这样观察时,对眼也厌离……对意也厌离。厌离了便离贪,离贪了便解脱,解脱时生起“已解脱”的智慧。他完全了知:“生已尽,梵行已立,应做的已做,不再有后有。”
‘‘Evaṃ passaṃ, bhikkhave, sutavā ariyasāvako cakkhusmimpi nibbindati…pe… manasmimpi nibbindati. Nibbindaṃ virajjati; virāgā vimuccati; vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ hoti. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānātī’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
12689. 第一手足譬喻经
9. Paṭhamahatthapādopamasuttaṃ
236“诸比丘,正因有双手,才会有取有放的动作可被辨识;正因有双脚,才会有前进与后退可被辨识;正因有四肢关节,才会有弯曲与伸展可被辨识;正因有腹部,才会有饥渴可被辨识。同样的道理,诸比丘,正因有眼,以眼触为条件,才有内在的乐受与苦受生起……乃至……正因有舌,以舌触为条件,才有内在的乐受与苦受生起……乃至……正因有意,以意触为条件,才有内在的乐受与苦受生起。”
‘‘Hatthesu , bhikkhave, sati ādānanikkhepanaṃ paññāyati; pādesu sati abhikkamapaṭikkamo paññāyati; pabbesu sati samiñjanapasāraṇaṃ paññāyati; kucchismiṃ sati jighacchā pipāsā paññāyati. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, cakkhusmiṃ sati cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhaṃ dukkhaṃ…pe… jivhāya sati jivhāsamphassapaccayā uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhaṃ dukkhaṃ…pe… manasmiṃ sati manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhaṃ dukkhaṃ…pe….
1270“诸比丘,如果没有双手,就不会有取有放的动作可被辨识;如果没有双脚,就不会有前进与后退可被辨识;如果没有四肢关节,就不会有弯曲与伸展可被辨识;如果没有腹部,就不会有饥渴可被辨识。同样的道理,诸比丘,如果没有眼,以眼触为条件,就不会有内在的乐受与苦受生起……乃至……如果没有舌,以舌触为条件,就不会生起……乃至……如果没有意,以意触为条件,就不会有内在的乐受与苦受生起。”
‘‘Hatthesu, bhikkhave, asati ādānanikkhepanaṃ na paññāyati; pādesu asati abhikkamapaṭikkamo na paññāyati; pabbesu asati samiñjanapasāraṇaṃ na paññāyati; kucchismiṃ asati jighacchā pipāsā na paññāyati. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, cakkhusmiṃ asati cakkhusamphassapaccayā nuppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhaṃ dukkhaṃ…pe… jivhāya asati jivhāsamphassapaccayā nuppajjati…pe… manasmiṃ asati manosamphassapaccayā nuppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhaṃ dukkha’’nti. Navamaṃ.
127110. 第二手足譬喻经
10. Dutiyahatthapādopamasuttaṃ
237“诸比丘,只要有手,就有拿起和放下;只要有脚,就有前进和后退;只要有肢体,就有弯曲和伸展;只要有腹部,就有饥饿和口渴。同样地,诸比丘,只要有眼,就会以眼触为条件,在自身内生起快乐和痛苦…… 只要有舌…… 只要有意识,就会以意识触为条件,在自身内生起快乐和痛苦……。”
‘‘Hatthesu, bhikkhave, sati ādānanikkhepanaṃ hoti; pādesu sati abhikkamapaṭikkamo hoti; pabbesu sati samiñjanapasāraṇaṃ hoti; kucchismiṃ sati jighacchā pipāsā hoti. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, cakkhusmiṃ sati cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhaṃ dukkhaṃ…pe… jivhāya sati…pe… manasmiṃ sati manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhaṃ dukkhaṃ…pe….
1273“诸比丘,如果没有手,就没有拿起和放下;如果没有脚,就没有前进和后退;如果没有肢体,就没有弯曲和伸展;如果没有腹部,就没有饥饿和口渴。同样地,诸比丘,如果没有眼,就不会以眼触为条件,在自身内生起快乐和痛苦…… 如果没有舌…… 如果没有意识,就不会以意识触为条件,在自身内生起快乐和痛苦。”第十经终。
‘‘Hatthesu, bhikkhave, asati ādānanikkhepanaṃ na hoti; pādesu asati abhikkamapaṭikkamo na hoti; pabbesu asati samiñjanapasāraṇaṃ na hoti; kucchismiṃ asati jighacchā pipāsā na hoti. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, cakkhusmiṃ asati cakkhusamphassapaccayā nuppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhaṃ dukkhaṃ…pe… jivhāya asati jivhāsamphassapaccayā nuppajjati…pe… manasmiṃ asati manosamphassapaccayā nuppajjati ajjhattaṃ sukhaṃ dukkha’’nti. Dasamaṃ.
1274它的摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
1275海品第十八
Samuddavaggo aṭṭharasamo.
1276其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
1277两个海经、渔夫经,
Dve samuddā bāḷisiko, khīrarukkhena koṭṭhiko;
1278乳树经和拘稀罗经、迦摩普经和优陀夷经,以及燃烧经为第八,
Kāmabhū udāyī ceva, ādittena ca aṭṭhamaṃ;
1279还有两部手与足的譬喻经。这品因此而得名。
Hatthapādūpamā dveti, vaggo tena pavuccatīti.
128019. 毒蛇品
19. Āsīvisavaggo
12811. 毒蛇譬喻经
1. Āsīvisopamasuttaṃ
238“诸比丘,就好比有四条毒蛇,极具威力、剧毒无比。那时,来了一个人,想活下去、不想死,想要快乐、厌恶痛苦。有人就这样对他说:‘喂,你这人,这四条毒蛇极具威力、剧毒无比,你得按时把它们弄醒,按时给它们洗澡,按时喂它们吃饭,按时让它们躺下睡觉。可是,喂,你这人,等到这四条极具威力、剧毒无比的毒蛇当中,随便哪一条发了怒,那时,喂,你这人,你就会遭到死亡,或者近似死亡那样的痛苦。喂,你这人,你该做什么,就去做吧。’”
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, cattāro āsīvisā uggatejā ghoravisā. Atha puriso āgaccheyya jīvitukāmo amaritukāmo sukhakāmo dukkhappaṭikūlo. Tamenaṃ evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ime te, ambho purisa, cattāro āsīvisā uggatejā ghoravisā kālena kālaṃ vuṭṭhāpetabbā, kālena kālaṃ nhāpetabbā, kālena kālaṃ bhojetabbā, kālena kālaṃ saṃvesetabbā . Yadā ca kho te, ambho purisa, imesaṃ catunnaṃ āsīvisānaṃ uggatejānaṃ ghoravisānaṃ aññataro vā aññataro vā kuppissati, tato tvaṃ, ambho purisa, maraṇaṃ vā nigacchasi, maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhaṃ. Yaṃ te, ambho purisa, karaṇīyaṃ taṃ karohī’’’ti.
1283“诸比丘,那时,那个人害怕那四条极具威力、剧毒无比的毒蛇,就随便朝一个方向逃跑了。有人就这样对他说:‘喂,你这人,这五个杀人仇敌正紧追在你身后,嘴里说着:在哪里逮到他,就在哪里要他的命。喂,你这人,你该做什么,就去做吧。’”
‘‘Atha kho so, bhikkhave, puriso bhīto catunnaṃ āsīvisānaṃ uggatejānaṃ ghoravisānaṃ yena vā tena vā palāyetha. Tamenaṃ evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ime kho, ambho purisa, pañca vadhakā paccatthikā piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhā, yattheva naṃ passissāma tattheva jīvitā voropessāmāti. Yaṃ te, ambho purisa, karaṇīyaṃ taṃ karohī’’’ti.
1284“诸比丘,那时,那个人既害怕那四条极具威力、剧毒无比的毒蛇,又害怕那五个杀人仇敌,就随便朝一个方向逃跑了。有人就这样对他说:‘喂,你这人,这第六个杀人犯,是混进内部来的,正举着剑紧跟在你身后,嘴里说着:在哪里逮到他,就在哪里砍掉他的脑袋。喂,你这人,你该做什么,就去做吧。’”
‘‘Atha kho so, bhikkhave, puriso bhīto catunnaṃ āsīvisānaṃ uggatejānaṃ ghoravisānaṃ, bhīto pañcannaṃ vadhakānaṃ paccatthikānaṃ yena vā tena vā palāyetha. Tamenaṃ evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ayaṃ te, ambho purisa, chaṭṭho antaracaro vadhako ukkhittāsiko piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandho yattheva naṃ passissāmi tattheva siro pātessāmīti. Yaṃ te, ambho purisa, karaṇīyaṃ taṃ karohī’’’ti.
1285“诸比丘,那时,那个人既害怕那四条极具威力、剧毒无比的毒蛇,又害怕那五个杀人仇敌,再害怕第六个混进内部、举着剑的杀人犯,就随便朝一个方向逃跑了。他看到一个空村子。不管他走进哪间房子,走进去都是空的、没人的、荒废的;不管他摸到哪个器皿,摸到的都是空的、没人的、荒废的。有人就这样对他说:‘喂,你这人,现在盗匪、洗劫村落的人正要进入这个空村子。喂,你这人,你该做什么,就去做吧。’”
‘‘Atha kho so, bhikkhave, puriso bhīto catunnaṃ āsīvisānaṃ uggatejānaṃ ghoravisānaṃ, bhīto pañcannaṃ vadhakānaṃ paccatthikānaṃ, bhīto chaṭṭhassa antaracarassa vadhakassa ukkhittāsikassa yena vā tena vā palāyetha. So passeyya suññaṃ gāmaṃ. Yaññadeva gharaṃ paviseyya rittakaññeva paviseyya tucchakaññeva paviseyya suññakaññeva paviseyya. Yaññadeva bhājanaṃ parimaseyya rittakaññeva parimaseyya tucchakaññeva parimaseyya suññakaññeva parimaseyya. Tamenaṃ evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘idāni, ambho purisa, imaṃ suññaṃ gāmaṃ corā gāmaghātakā pavisanti . Yaṃ te, ambho purisa, karaṇīyaṃ taṃ karohī’’’ti.
1286“诸比丘,那时,那个人既害怕那四条极具威力、剧毒无比的毒蛇,又害怕那五个杀人仇敌,再害怕第六个混进内部、举着剑的杀人犯,也害怕那些盗匪、洗劫村落的人,就随便朝一个方向逃跑了。他看到一片浩瀚的汪洋,这边的岸边充满危险、令人怖畏,对岸的岸边安稳、没有怖畏。可是,他既没有船可以渡过去,也没有桥梁可以通往彼岸。诸比丘,那时候,那个人心里这样想:‘这片浩瀚的汪洋,这边的岸边充满危险、令人怖畏,对岸的岸边安稳、没有怖畏,可我既没有船可以渡过去,也没有桥梁可以通往彼岸。不如我收集一些草、木头、树枝和树叶,扎成一个筏子,然后靠着那个筏子,用手用脚努力划水,平安地渡到彼岸去。’”
‘‘Atha kho so, bhikkhave, puriso bhīto catunnaṃ āsīvisānaṃ uggatejānaṃ ghoravisānaṃ, bhīto pañcannaṃ vadhakānaṃ paccatthikānaṃ, bhīto chaṭṭhassa antaracarassa vadhakassa ukkhittāsikassa, bhīto corānaṃ gāmaghātakānaṃ yena vā tena vā palāyetha. So passeyya mahantaṃ udakaṇṇavaṃ orimaṃ tīraṃ sāsaṅkaṃ sappaṭibhayaṃ, pārimaṃ tīraṃ khemaṃ appaṭibhayaṃ. Na cassa nāvā santāraṇī uttarasetu vā apārā pāraṃ gamanāya. Atha kho, bhikkhave, tassa purisassa evamassa – ‘ayaṃ kho mahāudakaṇṇavo orimaṃ tīraṃ sāsaṅkaṃ sappaṭibhayaṃ, pārimaṃ tīraṃ khemaṃ appaṭibhayaṃ, natthi ca nāvā santāraṇī uttarasetu vā apārā pāraṃ gamanāya. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ tiṇakaṭṭhasākhāpalāsaṃ saṃkaḍḍhitvā kullaṃ bandhitvā taṃ kullaṃ nissāya hatthehi ca pādehi ca vāyamamāno sotthinā pāraṃ gaccheyya’’’nti.
1287比丘们,那个人会收集草、木柴、树枝和树叶,绑成一个筏子,靠着那个筏子,用手用脚努力划水,就能安全到达对岸,渡过去,到了对岸,婆罗门就站在陆地上了。
‘‘Atha kho so, bhikkhave, puriso tiṇakaṭṭhasākhāpalāsaṃ saṃkaḍḍhitvā kullaṃ bandhitvā taṃ kullaṃ nissāya hatthehi ca pādehi ca vāyamamāno sotthinā pāraṃ gaccheyya, tiṇṇo pāraṅgato thale tiṭṭhati brāhmaṇo.
1288比丘们,我用的这个比喻,是为了让你们明白其中的意义。这个意义就是:比丘们,四条毒性暴烈、剧毒的蛇,这是对四种大种——地界、水界、火界、风界的称呼。
‘‘Upamā kho myāyaṃ, bhikkhave, katā atthassa viññāpanāya. Ayañcettha attho – cattāro āsīvisā uggatejā ghoravisāti kho, bhikkhave, catunnetaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ adhivacanaṃ – pathavīdhātuyā, āpodhātuyā, tejodhātuyā, vāyodhātuyā.
1289比丘们,五个手持武器的敌对凶手,这是对五取蕴的称呼,也就是色取蕴、受取蕴、想取蕴、行取蕴、识取蕴。
‘‘Pañca vadhakā paccatthikāti kho, bhikkhave, pañcannetaṃ upādānakkhandhānaṃ adhivacanaṃ, seyyathidaṃ – rūpupādānakkhandhassa, vedanupādānakkhandhassa, saññupādānakkhandhassa, saṅkhārupādānakkhandhassa, viññāṇupādānakkhandhassa.
1290比丘们,那个在暗中跟随、举着刀的第六个杀手,这是对喜贪的称呼。
‘‘Chaṭṭho antaracaro vadhako ukkhittāsikoti kho, bhikkhave, nandīrāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
1291比丘们,空无一人的村子,这是对六个内处的称呼。比丘们,如果一个聪明、有智慧、敏锐的人从眼处去观察它,就会觉得它空空的、虚虚的、什么都没有……比丘们,从耳处……比丘们,从鼻处……比丘们,从舌处……比丘们,从身处……比丘们,如果一个聪明、有智慧、敏锐的人从意处去观察它,就会觉得它空空的、虚虚的、什么都没有。
‘‘Suñño gāmoti kho, bhikkhave, channetaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Cakkhuto cepi naṃ, bhikkhave, paṇḍito byatto medhāvī upaparikkhati rittakaññeva khāyati, tucchakaññeva khāyati, suññakaññeva khāyati…pe… jivhāto cepi naṃ, bhikkhave…pe… manato cepi naṃ, bhikkhave, paṇḍito byatto medhāvī upaparikkhati rittakaññeva khāyati, tucchakaññeva khāyati, suññakaññeva khāyati.
1292比丘们,洗劫村子的盗贼,这是对六个外处的称呼。比丘们,眼会被合意与不合意的色所伤害;比丘们,耳……比丘们,鼻……比丘们,舌会被合意与不合意的味所伤害;比丘们,身……比丘们,意会被合意与不合意的法所伤害。
‘‘Corā gāmaghātakāti kho, bhikkhave, channetaṃ bāhirānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Cakkhu, bhikkhave, haññati manāpāmanāpesu rūpesu; sotaṃ, bhikkhave…pe… ghānaṃ, bhikkhave…pe… jivhā, bhikkhave, haññati manāpāmanāpesu rasesu; kāyo, bhikkhave…pe… mano, bhikkhave, haññati manāpāmanāpesu dhammesu.
1293比丘们,'大洪水'这个词,就是对四种洪流的称呼——欲的洪流、有的洪流、见的洪流、无明的洪流。
‘‘Mahā udakaṇṇavoti kho, bhikkhave, catunnetaṃ oghānaṃ adhivacanaṃ – kāmoghassa, bhavoghassa, diṭṭhoghassa, avijjoghassa.
1294比丘们,'那充满危险和恐惧的此岸',就是对'有身'的称呼。
‘‘Orimaṃ tīraṃ sāsaṅkaṃ sappaṭibhayanti kho, bhikkhave, sakkāyassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
1295比丘们,'那安稳、没有恐惧的彼岸',就是对涅槃的称呼。
‘‘Pārimaṃ tīraṃ khemaṃ appaṭibhayanti kho, bhikkhave, nibbānassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
1296比丘们,'筏'这个词,就是对那圣者的八支道的称呼,也就是:正见……乃至……正定。
‘‘Kullanti kho, bhikkhave, ariyassetaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa adhivacanaṃ, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi…pe… sammāsamādhi.
1297比丘们,'他用手和脚努力'这个说法,就是对勤精进的称呼。
‘‘Tassa hatthehi ca pādehi ca vāyāmoti kho, bhikkhave, vīriyārambhassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
1298比丘们,'渡过了彼岸,站在高岸上的婆罗门'这个说法,就是对阿拉汉的称呼。
‘‘Tiṇṇo pāraṅgato thale tiṭṭhati brāhmaṇoti kho, bhikkhave, arahato etaṃ adhivacana’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ.
12992. 车譬喻经
2. Rathopamasuttaṃ
239“比丘们,具足三种素质的比丘就在现法之中,多住于喜悦与安乐,并且他有了一个通向灭尽诸漏的起点。哪三种呢?他在感官上调御防护者,在食物上知量,专精于觉醒。
‘‘Tīhi , bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu diṭṭheva dhamme sukhasomanassabahulo viharati, yoni cassa āraddhā hoti āsavānaṃ khayāya. Katamehi tīhi? Indriyesu guttadvāro hoti, bhojane mattaññū, jāgariyaṃ anuyutto.
1301“比丘们,比丘如何在感官上调御防护者呢?比丘们,在此,比丘以眼见色后,不执取总相,不执取细相;因为,如果眼根处于不防护的状态而住,贪忧、恶不善法就会流向、侵袭他。他为了防护它们而修行,守护眼根,在眼根上成就防护。以耳闻声后……以鼻嗅香后……以舌尝味后……以身触触后……以意识知法后,不执取总相,不执取细相;因为,如果意根处于不防护的状态而住,贪忧、恶不善法就会流向、侵袭他。他为了防护它们而修行,守护意根,在意根上成就防护。比丘们,就好比在平整地面上,有一个四条大路的交汇口,那里停着一辆套好了的良种马车,鞭子已经放好。一位熟练的驯马师,善于调御马匹的人,登上车,左手握住缰绳,右手拿着鞭子,可以随心所欲地驶向任何想去的地方,也可以让车倒回来。正是如此,比丘们,比丘为了防护、调御、调伏、平息这六个感官而受学。比丘们,这就是比丘在感官上调御防护者的情形。
‘‘Kathañca , bhikkhave, bhikkhu indriyesu guttadvāro hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti, nānubyañjanaggāhī; yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ. Tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati cakkhundriyaṃ; cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya na nimittaggāhī hoti nānubyañjanaggāhī; yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjati; rakkhati manindriyaṃ; manindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjati. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, subhūmiyaṃ cātumahāpathe ājaññaratho yutto assa ṭhito odhastapatodo . Tamenaṃ dakkho yoggācariyo assadammasārathi abhiruhitvā vāmena hatthena rasmiyo gahetvā, dakkhiṇena hatthena patodaṃ gahetvā, yenicchakaṃ yadicchakaṃ sāreyyapi paccāsāreyyapi. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imesaṃ channaṃ indriyānaṃ ārakkhāya sikkhati , saṃyamāya sikkhati, damāya sikkhati, upasamāya sikkhati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu indriyesu guttadvāro hoti.
1302“比丘们,比丘如何在食物上知量呢?比丘们,在此,比丘如理省思而用食:‘不是为了嬉戏,不是为了骄逸,不是为了装饰,不是为了打扮;仅仅是为了这个身体的存续、为了维持、为了止息伤害、为了资助梵行。这样,我消除旧有的感受,不让新的感受生起,我将得以生存,无有过失,并且安稳住。’比丘们,就好比一个人为了疗伤而在伤口上涂药;又好比为了能滚动重物,而给车轴涂上润滑油。正是如此,比丘们,比丘如理省思而用食:‘不是为了嬉戏,不是为了骄逸,不是为了装饰,不是为了打扮;仅仅是为了这个身体的存续、为了维持、为了止息伤害、为了资助梵行。这样,我消除旧有的感受,不让新的感受生起,我将得以生存,无有过失,并且安稳住。’比丘们,这就是比丘在食物上知量的情形。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bhojane mattaññū hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso āhāraṃ āhāreti – ‘neva davāya, na madāya, na maṇḍanāya, na vibhūsanāya, yāvadeva imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā, yāpanāya, vihiṃsūparatiyā, brahmacariyānuggahāya, iti purāṇañca vedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi, navañca vedanaṃ na uppādessāmi, yātrā ca me bhavissati, anavajjatā ca phāsuvihāro cā’ti. Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, puriso vaṇaṃ ālimpeyya yāvadeva rohanatthāya , seyyathā vā pana akkhaṃ abbhañjeyya yāvadeva bhārassa nittharaṇatthāya; evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso āhāraṃ āhāreti – ‘neva davāya, na madāya, na maṇḍanāya, na vibhūsanāya, yāvadeva imassa kāyassa ṭhitiyā, yāpanāya, vihiṃsūparatiyā, brahmacariyānuggahāya, iti purāṇañca vedanaṃ paṭihaṅkhāmi, navañca vedanaṃ na uppādessāmi, yātrā ca me bhavissati, anavajjatā ca phāsuvihāro cā’ti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bhojane mattaññū hoti.
1303“比丘们,比丘如何专精于觉醒呢?比丘们,在此,比丘在白天,通过经行和宴坐,将心从那些障碍法中净化。在夜初时分,通过经行和宴坐,将心从那些障碍法中净化。在夜中时分,他右胁而卧,作狮子卧,脚叠在脚上,具足正念、正知,心作意起身之想。在夜后时分,起身之后,通过经行和宴坐,将心从那些障碍法中净化。比丘们,这就是比丘专精于觉醒的情形。比丘们,具足这三种素质的比丘就在现法之中,多住于喜悦与安乐,并且他有了一个通向灭尽诸漏的起点。” 第二经。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu divasaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti. Rattiyā paṭhamaṃ yāmaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti. Rattiyā majjhimaṃ yāmaṃ dakkhiṇena passena sīhaseyyaṃ kappeti pāde pādaṃ accādhāya sato sampajāno uṭṭhānasaññaṃ manasi karitvā. Rattiyā pacchimaṃ yāmaṃ paccuṭṭhāya caṅkamena nisajjāya āvaraṇīyehi dhammehi cittaṃ parisodheti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu diṭṭheva dhamme sukhasomanassabahulo viharati, yoni cassa āraddhā hoti āsavānaṃ khayāyā’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
13043. 龟譬喻经
3. Kummopamasuttaṃ
240“比丘们,在过去的时候,一只陆龟在傍晚时分,正在一条河的岸边觅食。比丘们,一只豺狼也在傍晚时分,正在那条河的岸边觅食。比丘们,那只陆龟远远地就看见了正在觅食的豺狼。看见之后,它就把自己那以头为第五的肢体,都收拢进自己的龟壳里,然后安然不动,保持沉默,躲了起来。比丘们,那只豺狼也远远地看见了正在觅食的陆龟。看见之后,它就朝着那只陆龟走了过去;走近之后,它就守在那里,等着那只陆龟,心里想着:‘一旦这只陆龟把自己以头为第五的肢体中的任何一个部分伸出来,我就要在那里把它抓住、撕开、吃掉。’比丘们,当那只陆龟没有把自己以头为第五的肢体中的任何一个部分伸出来时,豺狼无法找到机会,就失去了兴趣,走开了。
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, kummo kacchapo sāyanhasamayaṃ anunadītīre gocarapasuto ahosi. Siṅgālopi kho, bhikkhave, sāyanhasamayaṃ anunadītīre gocarapasuto ahosi. Addasā kho, bhikkhave, kummo kacchapo siṅgālaṃ dūratova gocarapasutaṃ. Disvāna soṇḍipañcamāni aṅgāni sake kapāle samodahitvā appossukko tuṇhībhūto saṅkasāyati. Siṅgālopi kho, bhikkhave, addasa kummaṃ kacchapaṃ dūratova gocarapasutaṃ. Disvāna yena kummo kacchapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā kummaṃ kacchapaṃ paccupaṭṭhito ahosi – ‘yadāyaṃ kummo kacchapo soṇḍipañcamānaṃ aṅgānaṃ aññataraṃ vā aññataraṃ vā aṅgaṃ abhininnāmessati, tattheva naṃ gahetvā uddālitvā khādissāmī’ti. Yadā kho, bhikkhave, kummo kacchapo soṇḍipañcamānaṃ aṅgānaṃ aññataraṃ vā aññataraṃ vā aṅgaṃ na abhininnāmi, atha siṅgālo kummamhā nibbijja pakkāmi, otāraṃ alabhamāno.
1306“正是如此,比丘们,邪恶的魔罗也持续不断地守在你们身边,心里想着:‘或许我能从他们的眼处找到机会……或许我能从他们的舌处找到机会……或许我能从他们的意处找到机会。’因此,比丘们,你们要住于在感官上调御防护者的状态。以眼见色时,不要成为执取总相者,不要成为执取细相者。因为,如果眼根处于不防护的状态而住,贪忧、恶不善法就会流向、侵袭你们,你们就为了防护它们而修行,守护眼根,在眼根上成就防护。以耳闻声后……以鼻嗅香后……以舌尝味后……以身触触后……以意识知法时,不要成为执取总相者,不要成为执取细相者。因为,如果意根处于不防护的状态而住,贪忧、恶不善法就会流向、侵袭你们,你们就为了防护它们而修行,守护意根,在意根上成就防护。比丘们,当你们住于在感官上调御防护者的状态时,邪恶的魔罗也就无法找到机会,会失去兴趣,从你们那里走开——就像那只豺狼从陆龟那里走开一样。”
‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, tumhepi māro pāpimā satataṃ samitaṃ paccupaṭṭhito – ‘appeva nāmāhaṃ imesaṃ cakkhuto vā otāraṃ labheyyaṃ…pe… jivhāto vā otāraṃ labheyyaṃ…pe… manato vā otāraṃ labheyya’nti. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, indriyesu guttadvārā viharatha. Cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā mā nimittaggāhino ahuvattha, mā anubyañjanaggāhino. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ cakkhundriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjatha, rakkhatha cakkhundriyaṃ, cakkhundriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjatha. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya mā nimittaggāhino ahuvattha, mā anubyañjanaggāhino. Yatvādhikaraṇamenaṃ manindriyaṃ asaṃvutaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā anvāssaveyyuṃ, tassa saṃvarāya paṭipajjatha, rakkhatha manindriyaṃ, manindriye saṃvaraṃ āpajjatha. Yato tumhe, bhikkhave, indriyesu guttadvārā viharissatha, atha tumhehipi māro pāpimā nibbijja pakkamissati, otāraṃ alabhamāno – kummamhāva siṅgālo’’ti.
1307大德,确实不是这样。
‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
1308乌龟把四肢收进自己的壳里,
比丘收摄内心的寻思;
不依赖什么,也不伤害其他众生,
他已完全寂静,不会指责任何人。
‘‘Kummo aṅgāni sake kapāle,
1309有一次,世尊住在拘睒弥的恒河岸边。
世尊看见一根大木头正被恒河的水流冲走。
看见后,世尊招呼诸比丘:“诸比丘,你们看见那根正被恒河水流冲走的大木头了吗?”
“是的,尊师。”
Samodahaṃ bhikkhu manovitakke;
1310“诸比丘,如果那根木头不靠近此岸,不靠近彼岸,不在河中央沉没,不在陆上搁浅,不被人类打捞,不被非人打捞,不被漩涡卷走,也不从内部腐坏,那么,诸比丘,那根木头就会朝向大海、倾向大海、趋入大海。为什么呢?诸比丘,因为恒河的水流就是朝向大海、倾向大海、趋入大海的。”
Anissito aññamaheṭhayāno,
1311“同样地,诸比丘,如果你们也不靠近此岸,不靠近彼岸,不在中途沉没,不在陆上搁浅,不被人类打捞,不被非人打捞,不被漩涡卷走,也不从内部腐坏,那么,诸比丘,你们就会朝向涅槃、倾向涅槃、趋入涅槃。为什么呢?诸比丘,因为正见就是朝向涅槃、倾向涅槃、趋入涅槃的。”
Parinibbuto nūpavadeyya kañcī’’ti. tatiyaṃ;
13124. 第一木段譬喻经
4. Paṭhamadārukkhandhopamasuttaṃ
241一时,世尊住在国桑比西沙巴林。那时,世尊用手拿起少许西沙巴树叶,告诉诸比丘:「诸比丘,你们认为如何?哪个较多——我用手拿起的这些少许西沙巴树叶,还是上面西沙巴林中的树叶?」「世尊,世尊用手拿起的少许西沙巴树叶是很少的;而上面西沙巴林中的树叶确实较多。」「诸比丘,正是如此,我证知而未宣说的确实较多。诸比丘,为何我未宣说那些?诸比丘,因为那些不相应于义利,不是梵行的基础,不导向厌离、离贪、灭、寂止、证智、正觉、涅槃;因此我未宣说那些。」
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kosambiyaṃ viharati gaṅgāya nadiyā tīre. Addasā kho bhagavā mahantaṃ dārukkhandhaṃ gaṅgāya nadiyā sotena vuyhamānaṃ. Disvāna bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘passatha no tumhe, bhikkhave, amuṃ mahantaṃ dārukkhandhaṃ gaṅgāya nadiyā sotena vuyhamāna’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Sace so, bhikkhave, dārukkhandho na orimaṃ tīraṃ upagacchati, na pārimaṃ tīraṃ upagacchati, na majjhe saṃsīdissati, na thale ussīdissati, na manussaggāho gahessati, na amanussaggāho gahessati, na āvaṭṭaggāho gahessati, na antopūti bhavissati; evañhi so, bhikkhave, dārukkhandho samuddaninno bhavissati samuddapoṇo samuddapabbhāro. Taṃ kissa hetu? Samuddaninno, bhikkhave, gaṅgāya nadiyā soto samuddapoṇo samuddapabbhāro.
1314「诸比丘,同样地,如果你们既不靠近这一岸,也不靠近对岸;既不在中流沉没,也不在陆地搁浅;既不被人抓取,也不被非人抓取;既不被漩涡卷入,也不从内部腐烂——诸比丘,如此你们将倾向涅槃、趣向涅槃、朝向涅槃。那是什么原因?诸比丘,因为正见倾向涅槃、趣向涅槃、朝向涅槃。」
世尊如是说已,一位比丘问世尊道:「世尊,什么是这一岸?什么是对岸?什么是中流沉没?什么是陆地搁浅?什么是被人抓取?什么是被非人抓取?什么是被漩涡卷入?什么是从内部腐烂?」
‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, sace tumhepi na orimaṃ tīraṃ upagacchatha, na pārimaṃ tīraṃ upagacchatha; na majjhe saṃsīdissatha, na thale ussīdissatha, na manussaggāho gahessati, na amanussaggāho gahessati, na āvaṭṭaggāho gahessati, na antopūtī bhavissatha; evaṃ tumhe , bhikkhave, nibbānaninnā bhavissatha nibbānapoṇā nibbānapabbhārā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Nibbānaninnā, bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi nibbānapoṇā nibbānapabbhārā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, bhante, orimaṃ tīraṃ, kiṃ pārimaṃ tīraṃ, ko majjhe saṃsādo , ko thale ussādo, ko manussaggāho, ko amanussaggāho, ko āvaṭṭaggāho, ko antopūtibhāvo’’ti?
1315‘此岸’这个说法,比丘们,是对内六处的称呼。‘彼岸’这个说法,比丘们,是外六处的称呼。‘中流沉没’这个说法,比丘们,是对喜贪的称呼。‘在陆地突起’这个说法,比丘们,是对我慢的称呼。
‘‘‘Orimaṃ tīra’nti kho, bhikkhu, channetaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Pārimaṃ tīra’nti kho , bhikkhu, channetaṃ bāhirānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Majjhe saṃsādo’ti kho, bhikkhu, nandīrāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Thale ussādo’ti kho, bhikkhu, asmimānassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
1316“比丘们,什么是人执呢?比丘们,在这里,有人和在家人混在一起生活,和他们一起欢笑,一起忧伤;别人快乐时他也快乐,别人痛苦时他也痛苦;遇到事情需要处理时,他就自己卷进那些事务里。比丘们,这就叫作人执。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhu, manussaggāho? Idha, bhikkhu, gihīhi saṃsaṭṭho viharati, sahanandī sahasokī, sukhitesu sukhito, dukkhitesu dukkhito, uppannesu kiccakaraṇīyesu attanā tesu yogaṃ āpajjati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhu, manussaggāho.
1317“比丘们,什么是非人执呢?比丘们,在这里,有某个人发愿投生到某个天界而修清净行,心想:‘我靠这个戒、或这个仪轨、或这个苦行、或这个清净行,将来会成为某个天神或某个天界众生。’比丘们,这就叫作非人执。‘旋涡的抓取’这个说法,比丘们,是对五种欲乐的称呼。
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhu, amanussaggāho? Idha, bhikkhu, ekacco aññataraṃ devanikāyaṃ paṇidhāya brahmacariyaṃ carati – ‘imināhaṃ sīlena vā vatena vā tapena vā brahmacariyena vā devo vā bhavissāmi devaññataro vā’ti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhu, amanussaggāho. ‘Āvaṭṭaggāho’ti kho, bhikkhu, pañcannetaṃ kāmaguṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
1318“比丘们,什么是内部已经腐败的状态呢?比丘们,在这里,有个人戒行败坏,本性邪恶,行为不净、令人起疑,行事遮掩,不是沙门却自称沙门,不修清净行却自称修清净行,内在已经朽坏,充满烦恼,就像是从垃圾堆里出生的。比丘们,这就叫作‘内部已经腐败的状态’。”
‘‘Katamo ca, bhikkhu, antopūtibhāvo? Idha, bhikkhu, ekacco dussīlo hoti pāpadhammo asucisaṅkassarasamācāro paṭicchannakammanto assamaṇo samaṇapaṭiñño abrahmacārī brahmacāripaṭiñño antopūti avassuto kasambujāto. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhu, ‘antopūtibhāvo’’’ti.
1319那时,放牛人难陀恰好站在离世尊不远的地方。当时,放牛人难陀对世尊这样说:“大德,我既不会上此岸,也不会登彼岸,不会在中流沉没,不会在陆地上卡住;人执抓不住我,非人执也抓不住我,旋涡的抓取抓不住我,我也不会是内部腐败的人。大德,愿我能去世尊座下出家,愿我能得受具足戒。”世尊说:“难陀,既然这样,你把牛归还给主人吧。”难陀说:“大德,那些牛会自己回去的,它们都眷恋着小牛犊。”世尊说:“难陀,你还是要把牛归还给主人。”于是,放牛人难陀把牛归还给主人后,就去到世尊那里。到了以后,他对世尊说:“大德,牛已经还给主人了。大德,愿我能去世尊座下出家,愿我能得受具足戒。”放牛人难陀就在世尊座下出了家,受了具足戒。受具足戒不久,这位难陀尊者独自一人远离人群而住……乃至……这位难陀尊者成为了一位阿拉汉。这就是第四段。
Tena kho pana samayena nando gopālako bhagavato avidūre ṭhito hoti. Atha kho nando gopālako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ahaṃ kho, bhante, na orimaṃ tīraṃ upagacchāmi, na pārimaṃ tīraṃ upagacchāmi, na majjhe saṃsīdissāmi, na thale ussīdissāmi, na maṃ manussaggāho gahessati, na amanussaggāho gahessati, na āvaṭṭaggāho gahessati, na antopūti bhavissāmi. Labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada’’nti. ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, nanda, sāmikānaṃ gāvo niyyātehī’’ti . ‘‘Gamissanti, bhante, gāvo vacchagiddhiniyo’’ti. ‘‘Niyyāteheva tvaṃ, nanda, sāmikānaṃ gāvo’’ti. Atha kho nando gopālako sāmikānaṃ gāvo niyyātetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘niyyātitā , bhante, sāmikānaṃ gāvo. Labheyyāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada’’nti. Alattha kho nando gopālako bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ, alattha upasampadaṃ. Acirūpasampanno ca panāyasmā nando eko vūpakaṭṭho…pe… aññataro ca panāyasmā nando arahataṃ ahosīti. Catutthaṃ.
13205. 第二木段譬喻经
5. Dutiyadārukkhandhopamasuttaṃ
242有一次,世尊住在基米拉城恒河岸边。世尊看见一根巨大的树干正顺着恒河的水流漂浮而下。看到以后,世尊就对诸比丘们说:“比丘们,你们看见那根顺着恒河水流漂浮而下的大树干了吗?”比丘们回答:“是的,大德。”……(中略)……听了这话以后,基米拉尊者对世尊这样说:“大德,什么是此岸?……(中略)……基米拉,什么是内部已经腐败的状态呢?基米拉,在这里,有比丘犯了某一种杂染的罪,而对于那种罪,他还没有出罪的方法。基米拉,这就叫作内部已经腐败的状态。”第五段。
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kimilāyaṃ viharati gaṅgāya nadiyā tīre. Addasā kho bhagavā mahantaṃ dārukkhandhaṃ gaṅgāya nadiyā sotena vuyhamānaṃ. Disvāna bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘passatha no tumhe, bhikkhave, amuṃ mahantaṃ dārukkhandhaṃ gaṅgāya nadiyā sotena vuyhamāna’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ bhante’’…pe… evaṃ vutte, āyasmā kimilo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – kiṃ nu kho, bhante, orimaṃ tīraṃ…pe… katamo ca, kimila, antopūtibhāvo. Idha, kimila, bhikkhu aññataraṃ saṃkiliṭṭhaṃ āpattiṃ āpanno hoti yathārūpāya āpattiyā na vuṭṭhānaṃ paññāyati. Ayaṃ vuccati, kimila, antopūtibhāvoti. Pañcamaṃ.
13226. 漏泄法门经
6. Avassutapariyāyasuttaṃ
243有一次,世尊住在释迦国迦毗罗卫城的尼拘律园。那时,迦毗罗卫城的释迦族人为新建的会堂落成不久,还没有任何沙门、婆罗门或任何人进去住过。于是,迦毗罗卫城的释迦族人就去拜见世尊。到了之后,向世尊礼敬,坐在一旁。坐在一旁的迦毗罗卫城释迦族人对世尊这样说:
“尊者,这里是我们迦毗罗卫城释迦族人的新会堂,刚刚建好,还没有任何沙门、婆罗门或任何人进去住过。尊者,请世尊第一个使用它。世尊先用过之后,迦毗罗卫城的释迦族人再接着使用。那将会给迦毗罗卫城的释迦族人带来长久的利益和安乐。”
世尊以沉默的方式答应了。
Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sakkesu viharati kapilavatthusmiṃ nigrodhārāme. Tena kho pana samayena kāpilavatthavānaṃ sakyānaṃ navaṃ santhāgāraṃ acirakāritaṃ hoti anajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā kenaci vā manussabhūtena. Atha kho kāpilavatthavā sakyā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho kāpilavatthavā sakyā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘idha, bhante, kāpilavatthavānaṃ sakyānaṃ navaṃ santhāgāraṃ acirakāritaṃ anajjhāvuṭṭhaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā kenaci vā manussabhūtena . Taṃ, bhante, bhagavā paṭhamaṃ paribhuñjatu. Bhagavatā paṭhamaṃ paribhuttaṃ pacchā kāpilavatthavā sakyā paribhuñjissanti. Tadassa kāpilavatthavānaṃ sakyānaṃ dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.
1324那时,迦毗罗卫城的释迦族人知道世尊答应了,就从座位起身,向世尊礼敬,右绕之后,朝那座新会堂走去。到了之后,他们在地上铺满了垫子,摆好了座位,安置好了水罐,点起了油灯,然后再次来拜见世尊。到了之后,向世尊礼敬,然后对世尊这样说:
“尊者,会堂已经铺满了垫子,座位已经摆好,水罐已经安置,油灯已经点起。现在,请世尊看什么时候方便动身吧。”
那时,世尊穿好下衣,拿着钵和衣,和比丘僧团一起,前往新会堂。到了之后,洗了脚,进入会堂,靠着中间的柱子,面朝东方坐下。比丘僧团也洗了脚,进入会堂,靠着西墙,面朝东方坐下,世尊就在他们正前方。迦毗罗卫城的释迦族人洗了脚,进入会堂,靠着东墙,面朝西方坐下,世尊就在他们正前方。
那时,世尊用了大半夜的时间,以法语来教导、鼓励、激励、令迦毗罗卫城的释迦族人欢喜,然后让他们离开,说:
“乔达摩的后裔们,夜已经深了。现在你们看什么时候方便就请便吧。”
“是的,尊者。”迦毗罗卫城的释迦族人这样回应世尊后,就从座位起身,向世尊礼敬,右绕之后离开了。
Atha kho kāpilavatthavā sakyā bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā yena navaṃ santhāgāraṃ tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā sabbasanthariṃ santhāgāraṃ santharitvā āsanāni paññāpetvā udakamaṇikaṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā telappadīpaṃ āropetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘sabbasantharisanthataṃ , bhante, santhāgāraṃ, āsanāni paññattāni, udakamaṇiko patiṭṭhāpito, telappadīpo āropito. Yassa dāni , bhante, bhagavā kālaṃ maññatī’’ti. Atha kho bhagavā nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena navaṃ santhāgāraṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā pāde pakkhāletvā santhāgāraṃ pavisitvā majjhimaṃ thambhaṃ nissāya puratthābhimukho nisīdi. Bhikkhusaṅghopi kho pāde pakkhāletvā santhāgāraṃ pavisitvā pacchimaṃ bhittiṃ nissāya puratthābhimukho nisīdi bhagavantaṃyeva purakkhatvā. Kāpilavatthavā sakyā pāde pakkhāletvā santhāgāraṃ pavisitvā puratthimaṃ bhittiṃ nissāya pacchimābhimukhā nisīdiṃsu bhagavantaṃyeva purakkhatvā. Atha kho bhagavā kāpilavatthave sakye bahudeva rattiṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uyyojesi – ‘‘abhikkantā kho, gotamā, ratti. Yassa dāni kālaṃ maññathā’’ti . ‘‘Evaṃ , bhante’’ti kho kāpilavatthavā sakyā bhagavato paṭissutvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkamiṃsu.
1325那时,在迦毗罗卫城的释迦族人离开之后不久,世尊就对尊者大目犍连说:
“目犍连,比丘僧团都已经摆脱了昏沉和睡眠,精神振作。目犍连,你来为比丘们说一段法语吧。我的背有点酸痛,我要稍微舒展一下。”
“是的,尊者。”尊者大目犍连回应世尊。
那时,世尊把大衣折叠成四层铺好,以狮子卧的姿势右侧躺下,脚叠着脚,保持正念正知,心里想着要起身。
这时,尊者大目犍连对比丘们说:
“诸位贤友比丘!”
“贤友!”那些比丘回应尊者大目犍连。
尊者大目犍连这样说:
“贤友们,我将为你们讲解‘有漏的状态’和‘无漏的状态’。你们仔细听,好好用心思惟,我要开始说了。”
“好的,贤友。”那些比丘回应尊者大目犍连。
尊者大目犍连就这样开始说:
Atha kho bhagavā acirapakkantesu kāpilavatthavesu sakyesu āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘vigatathinamiddho kho, moggallāna, bhikkhusaṅgho. Paṭibhātu taṃ, moggallāna, bhikkhūnaṃ dhammī kathā. Piṭṭhi me āgilāyati; tamahaṃ āyamissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno bhagavato paccassosi. Atha kho bhagavā catugguṇaṃ saṅghāṭiṃ paññapetvā dakkhiṇena passena sīhaseyyaṃ kappesi , pāde pādaṃ accādhāya, sato sampajāno uṭṭhānasaññaṃ manasi karitvā. Tatra kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘āvuso bhikkhave’’ti. ‘‘Āvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca – ‘‘avassutapariyāyañca vo, āvuso, desessāmi, anavassutapariyāyañca. Taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca –
1326“贤友们,怎样算是‘有漏’呢?贤友们,这里,一位比丘用眼睛看到色之后,对合意的色就执着,对不合意的色就心生反感。他住于未建立起身念的状态,心是狭隘的。对于那些生起后尚未无余灭尽的低劣不善法,他不知道如实了知‘这就是心解脱、慧解脱’,也就是那能让这些不善法无余灭尽的正确方法。……同样的,用舌头尝到味之后…………用意识认识到法之后,对合意的法就执着,对不合意的法就心生反感。他住于未建立起身念的状态,心是狭隘的。对于那些生起后尚未无余灭尽的低劣不善法,他不知道如实了知‘这就是心解脱、慧解脱’,也就是那能让这些不善法无余灭尽的正确方法。
贤友们,这样的比丘,被称为于眼所识知的色上‘有漏’……于舌所识知的味上‘有漏’……于意所识知的法上‘有漏’。贤友们,一位比丘这样安住时,如果魔罗通过眼来接触他,魔罗就找到了侵入的机会,魔罗就抓住了把柄。……如果魔罗通过舌来接触他,魔罗就找到了侵入的机会,魔罗就抓住了把柄。……如果魔罗通过意来接触他,魔罗就找到了侵入的机会,魔罗就抓住了把柄。
‘‘Kathaṃ, āvuso, avassuto hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā piyarūpe rūpe adhimuccati, appiyarūpe rūpe byāpajjati, anupaṭṭhitakāyassati viharati parittacetaso, tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti …pe… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya piyarūpe dhamme adhimuccati, appiyarūpe dhamme byāpajjati, anupaṭṭhitakāyassati ca viharati parittacetaso, tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti. Ayaṃ vuccati, āvuso, bhikkhu avassuto cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu…pe… avassuto jivhāviññeyyesu rasesu…pe… avassuto manoviññeyyesu dhammesu. Evaṃvihāriñcāvuso, bhikkhuṃ cakkhuto cepi naṃ māro upasaṅkamati labhateva māro otāraṃ, labhati māro ārammaṇaṃ…pe… jivhāto cepi naṃ māro upasaṅkamati, labhateva māro otāraṃ , labhati māro ārammaṇaṃ…pe… manato cepi naṃ māro upasaṅkamati, labhateva māro otāraṃ, labhati māro ārammaṇaṃ.
1327“贤友们,这就好比一座用芦苇或草搭建的房子,干枯、腐朽,历经多年风雨。如果有人拿着一支燃烧的草火炬从东边走向它,火就找到了引燃的机会,火就抓到了燃料;从西边走向它……从北边走向它……从南边走向它……从下面……从上面……从任何一个方向,如果有人拿着一支燃烧的草火炬走向它,火都找到了引燃的机会,火都抓到了燃料。贤友们,完全一样地,一位这样安住的比丘,即使魔罗通过眼来接触他,魔罗也找到了侵入的机会,魔罗也抓住了把柄。……通过舌来接触他……通过意来接触他,魔罗都找到了侵入的机会,魔罗都抓住了把柄。
贤友们,一位这样安住的比丘,是被色征服了,而不是他征服了色;被声征服了,而不是他征服了声;被香征服了,而不是他征服了香;被味征服了,而不是他征服了味;被触征服了,而不是他征服了触;被法征服了,而不是他征服了法。贤友们,这被称为:一位被色、声、香、味、触、法所征服的比丘,他是被征服者,而不是征服者。那些杂染的、会带来再生、伴随不安、导致苦报、引发未来生老死的低劣不善法,已经征服了他。贤友们,这样就是‘有漏’。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, āvuso, naḷāgāraṃ vā tiṇāgāraṃ vā sukkhaṃ kolāpaṃ terovassikaṃ. Puratthimāya cepi naṃ disāya puriso ādittāya tiṇukkāya upasaṅkameyya, labhetheva aggi otāraṃ, labhetha aggi ārammaṇaṃ; pacchimāya cepi naṃ disāya puriso ādittāya tiṇukkāya upasaṅkameyya…pe… uttarāya cepi naṃ disāya…pe… dakkhiṇāya cepi naṃ disāya…pe… heṭṭhimato cepi naṃ…pe… uparimato cepi naṃ… yato kutoci cepi naṃ puriso ādittāya tiṇukkāya upasaṅkameyya, labhetheva aggi otāraṃ labhetha aggi ārammaṇaṃ. Evameva kho, āvuso, evaṃvihāriṃ bhikkhuṃ cakkhuto cepi naṃ māro upasaṅkamati, labhateva māro otāraṃ, labhati māro ārammaṇaṃ…pe… jivhāto cepi naṃ māro upasaṅkamati…pe… manato cepi naṃ māro upasaṅkamati, labhateva māro otāraṃ, labhati māro ārammaṇaṃ. Evaṃvihāriñcāvuso, bhikkhuṃ rūpā adhibhaṃsu, na bhikkhu rūpe adhibhosi; saddā bhikkhuṃ adhibhaṃsu, na bhikkhu sadde adhibhosi; gandhā bhikkhuṃ adhibhaṃsu, na bhikkhu gandhe adhibhosi; rasā bhikkhuṃ adhibhaṃsu, na bhikkhu rase adhibhosi; phoṭṭhabbā bhikkhuṃ adhibhaṃsu, na bhikkhu phoṭṭhabbe adhibhosi ; dhammā bhikkhuṃ adhibhaṃsu, na bhikkhu dhamme adhibhosi. Ayaṃ vuccatāvuso, bhikkhu rūpādhibhūto, saddādhibhūto, gandhādhibhūto, rasādhibhūto, phoṭṭhabbādhibhūto, dhammādhibhūto, adhibhūto, anadhibhū, adhibhaṃsu naṃ pāpakā akusalā dhammā saṃkilesikā ponobbhavikā sadarā dukkhavipākā āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇiyā. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, avassuto hoti.
1328“那么,贤友们,怎样又算是‘无漏’呢?贤友们,这里,一位比丘用眼睛看到色之后,对合意的色不执着,对不合意的色也不心生反感。他住于已建立起身念的状态,心是广大无量的。对于那些生起后尚未无余灭尽的低劣不善法,他如实了知‘这就是心解脱、慧解脱’,也就是那能让这些不善法无余灭尽的正确方法。……用舌头尝到味之后…………用意识认识到法之后,对合意的法不执着,对不合意的法也不心生反感。他住于已建立起身念的状态,心是广大无量的。对于那些生起后尚未无余灭尽的低劣不善法,他如实了知‘这就是心解脱、慧解脱’,也就是那能让这些不善法无余灭尽的正确方法。
贤友们,这样的比丘,被称为于眼所识知的色上‘无漏’……于意所识知的法上‘无漏’。贤友们,一位比丘这样安住时,如果魔罗通过眼来接触他,魔罗根本找不到侵入的机会,魔罗根本抓不到把柄。……通过舌来接触他……通过意来接触他,魔罗根本找不到侵入的机会,魔罗根本抓不到把柄。
‘‘Kathañcāvuso, anavassuto hoti? Idhāvuso, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā piyarūpe rūpe nādhimuccati, appiyarūpe rūpe na byāpajjati, upaṭṭhitakāyassati ca viharati appamāṇacetaso , tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti…pe… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya piyarūpe dhamme nādhimuccati, appiyarūpe dhamme na byāpajjati, upaṭṭhitakāyassati ca viharati appamāṇacetaso, tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti. Ayaṃ vuccatāvuso, bhikkhu anavassuto cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu…pe… anavassuto manoviññeyyesu dhammesu. Evaṃvihāriñcāvuso, bhikkhuṃ cakkhuto cepi naṃ māro upasaṅkamati, neva labhati māro otāraṃ, na labhati māro ārammaṇaṃ…pe… jivhāto cepi naṃ māro upasaṅkamati…pe… manato cepi naṃ māro upasaṅkamati, neva labhati māro otāraṃ, na labhati māro ārammaṇaṃ.
1329贤友们,譬如一座尖顶堂屋或大厅,外面覆盖着厚厚的湿粘土。如果有人从东方举着燃烧的草炬靠近它,火既找不到缝隙,也找不到可燃烧的东西……(以此类推)……从西方靠近……从北方靠近……从南方靠近……从下方靠近……从上方靠近……无论从哪个方向,有人举着燃烧的草炬靠近,火都找不到缝隙,也找不到可燃烧的东西。同样的道理,贤友们,如此安住的比丘,如果魔王从眼门靠近他,魔王找不到缝隙,也找不到可附着的地方……(以此类推)……如果魔王从意门靠近他,魔王找不到缝隙,也找不到可附着的地方。贤友们,这样的比丘超越了色,而不被色所超越;超越了声音,而不被声音所超越;超越了气味,而不被气味所超越;超越了味道,而不被味道所超越;超越了触觉,而不被触觉所超越;超越了法尘,而不被法尘所超越。贤友们,这位比丘即被称为‘胜色者、胜声者、胜香者、胜味者、胜触者、胜法者’,是一位征服者,无人能征服他。他征服了那些恶劣、不善、导致染污、导致再生、带来恐惧、带来苦果、未来导致生老死之法。贤友们,他就是如此不泄漏者。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, āvuso, kūṭāgāraṃ vā sālā vā bahalamattikā addāvalepanā. Puratthimāya cepi naṃ disāya puriso ādittāya tiṇukkāya upasaṅkameyya, neva labhetha aggi otāraṃ, na labhetha aggi ārammaṇaṃ…pe… pacchimāya cepi naṃ… uttarāya cepi naṃ… dakkhiṇāya cepi naṃ… heṭṭhimato cepi naṃ… uparimato cepi naṃ… yato kutoci cepi naṃ puriso ādittāya tiṇukkāya upasaṅkameyya, neva labhetha aggi otāraṃ, na labhetha aggi ārammaṇaṃ. Evameva kho, āvuso, evaṃvihāriṃ bhikkhuṃ cakkhuto cepi naṃ māro upasaṅkamati, neva labhati māro otāraṃ, na labhati māro ārammaṇaṃ…pe… manato cepi naṃ māro upasaṅkamati, neva labhati māro otāraṃ, na labhati māro ārammaṇaṃ. Evaṃvihārī cāvuso, bhikkhu rūpe adhibhosi, na rūpā bhikkhuṃ adhibhaṃsu; sadde bhikkhu adhibhosi, na saddā bhikkhuṃ adhibhaṃsu; gandhe bhikkhu adhibhosi, na gandhā bhikkhuṃ adhibhaṃsu; rase bhikkhu adhibhosi, na rasā bhikkhuṃ adhibhaṃsu; phoṭṭhabbe bhikkhu adhibhosi, na phoṭṭhabbā bhikkhuṃ adhibhaṃsu; dhamme bhikkhu adhibhosi, na dhammā bhikkhuṃ adhibhaṃsu. Ayaṃ vuccatāvuso, bhikkhu rūpādhibhū, saddādhibhū, gandhādhibhū, rasādhibhū, phoṭṭhabbādhibhū, dhammādhibhū, adhibhū, anadhibhūto , adhibhosi te pāpake akusale dhamme saṃkilesike ponobbhavike sadare dukkhavipāke āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇiye. Evaṃ kho, āvuso, anavassuto hotī’’ti.
1330那时,世尊从禅定中起身,对尊者大目犍连说:“很好,很好,目犍连!你为比丘们善巧地开示了‘泄漏者’的法门和‘不泄漏者’的法门,真是太好了。”
Atha kho bhagavā vuṭṭhahitvā āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘sādhu sādhu, moggallāna! Sādhu kho tvaṃ, moggallāna, bhikkhūnaṃ avassutapariyāyañca anavassutapariyāyañca abhāsī’’ti.
1331尊者大目犍连这样说完,导师予以认可。那些比丘对尊者大目犍连的说法内心欢喜,欣然接受。第六经。
Idamavoca āyasmā mahāmoggallāno. Samanuñño satthā ahosi. Attamanā te bhikkhū āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
13327. 苦法经
7. Dukkhadhammasuttaṃ
244比丘们,只要比丘如实了知一切苦法之集起与灭尽,那么,他对欲乐的观察就已经到位了——当他如此看待欲乐时,那种对于欲乐的欲求、贪爱、沉迷、炽燃,就不会潜伏于心。并且,他的行持与安住也已经彻底觉了——如此行住之时,贪婪与忧恼之类的恶劣不善法就不会潜伏于心。
Yato kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabbesaṃyeva dukkhadhammānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Tathā kho panassa kāmā diṭṭhā honti, yathāssa kāme passato, yo kāmesu kāmacchando kāmasneho kāmamucchā kāmapariḷāho, so nānuseti. Tathā kho panassa cāro ca vihāro ca anubuddho hoti, yathā carantaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā nānusenti.
1334比丘们,比丘是如何如实了知一切苦法之集起与灭尽的呢?‘这是色,这是色的集起,这是色的灭尽;这是受……这是想……这是行……这是识,这是识的集起,这是识的灭尽。’——比丘们,这就是比丘如实了知一切苦法之集起与灭尽。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabbesaṃyeva dukkhadhammānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti? ‘Iti rūpaṃ, iti rūpassa samudayo, iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo; iti vedanā… iti saññā… iti saṅkhārā… iti viññāṇaṃ, iti viññāṇassa samudayo, iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo’ti – evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sabbesaṃyeva dukkhadhammānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti.
1335比丘们,比丘是如何做到对欲乐观察到位的呢?也就是当他如此看待欲乐时,那种对于欲乐的欲求、贪爱、沉迷、炽燃便不潜伏于心。比丘们,犹如一个深过人的炭坑,里面装满了无焰无烟的灼热炭火。这时,有一个人走过来,他还想活着,不想死,想要安乐而厌恶痛苦。两个强壮的人抓住他的手臂,把他往那个炭坑拖拽。他会将身体使劲朝另一边扭闪。为什么?比丘们,因为这个人清楚地知道:‘如果掉进这炭坑,我会因此而死,或者遭受近乎死的剧苦。’同样的道理,比丘们,比丘将欲乐看成如同炭坑一般——当他如此看待欲乐时,那种对于欲乐的欲求、贪爱、沉迷、炽燃便不潜伏于心。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno kāmā diṭṭhā honti? Yathāssa kāme passato, yo kāmesu kāmacchando kāmasneho kāmamucchā kāmapariḷāho, so nānuseti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, aṅgārakāsu sādhikaporisā puṇṇā aṅgārānaṃ vītaccikānaṃ vītadhūmānaṃ. Atha puriso āgaccheyya jīvitukāmo amaritukāmo sukhakāmo dukkhapaṭikūlo. Tamenaṃ dve balavanto purisā nānābāhāsu gahetvā, taṃ aṅgārakāsuṃ upakaḍḍheyyuṃ. So iticīticeva kāyaṃ sannāmeyya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Ñāta ñhi, bhikkhave, tassa purisassa imaṃ cāhaṃ aṅgārakāsuṃ papatissāmi, tatonidānaṃ maraṇaṃ vā nigacchissāmi maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkhanti. Evameva kho , bhikkhave , bhikkhuno aṅgārakāsūpamā kāmā diṭṭhā honti, yathāssa kāme passato, yo kāmesu kāmacchando kāmasneho kāmamucchā kāmapariḷāho, so nānuseti.
1336“比丘们,一位比丘的行走方式与安住方式要怎样才算是已经了知,使得他在如此行走、如此安住时,贪爱与忧恼这些恶不善法不会流入他的心?比丘们,好比有一个人走进一片布满荆棘的丛林。他的前面有刺,后面也有刺,左边有刺,右边也有刺,脚下有刺,头顶也有刺。他保持正念往前移动,也保持正念往后移动,心想:‘可别让刺扎到我。’比丘们,同样地,在这世间,凡是令人觉得可爱、令人感到舒服的东西,在圣者的律法中,这就叫作‘刺’。”如此了知后,就应当懂得什么是防护,什么是不防护。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno cāro ca vihāro ca anubuddho hoti, yathā carantaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā nānussavanti ? Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso bahukaṇṭakaṃ dāyaṃ paviseyya. Tassa puratopi kaṇṭako, pacchatopi kaṇṭako, uttaratopi kaṇṭako, dakkhiṇatopi kaṇṭako, heṭṭhatopi kaṇṭako, uparitopi kaṇṭako. So satova abhikkameyya, satova paṭikkameyya – ‘mā maṃ kaṇṭako’ti. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati ariyassa vinaye kaṇṭako’’ti. Iti viditvā saṃvaro ca asaṃvaro ca veditabbo.
1337“比丘们,怎样算是不防护呢?比丘们,在这里,一位比丘用眼睛看见一个色境后,对那可爱的色境就产生黏着,对那不可爱的色境就生起反感,并且他安住时没有建立起身至念,心量狭小,对于那种心解脱和慧解脱的境界——也就是那些已经生起的恶不善法能在那时无余灭尽的境界,他不如实地了知……用舌头尝到一个味道后……用心了知一个法境后,对那可爱的法境就产生黏着,对那不可爱的法境就生起反感,并且他安住时没有建立起身至念,心量狭小,对于那种心解脱和慧解脱的境界——也就是那些已经生起的恶不善法能在那时无余灭尽的境界,他不如实地了知。比丘们,这就叫作不防护。”
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, asaṃvaro hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā piyarūpe rūpe adhimuccati, appiyarūpe rūpe byāpajjati, anupaṭṭhitakāyassati ca viharati parittacetaso, tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti…pe… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya piyarūpe dhamme adhimuccati, appiyarūpe dhamme byāpajjati, anupaṭṭhitakāyassati ca viharati parittacetaso, tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, asaṃvaro hoti.
1338“比丘们,怎样算是防护呢?比丘们,在这里,一位比丘用眼睛看见一个色境后,对那可爱的色境不产生黏着,对那不可爱的色境也不生起反感,并且他安住时已经建立起身至念,心量广大,对于那种心解脱和慧解脱的境界——也就是那些已经生起的恶不善法能在那时无余灭尽的境界,他如实地了知……用舌头尝到一个味道后……用心了知一个法境后,对那可爱的法境不产生黏着,对那不可爱的色境也不生起反感,并且他安住时已经建立起身至念,心量广大,对于那种心解脱和慧解脱的境界——也就是那些已经生起的恶不善法能在那时无余灭尽的境界,他如实地了知。比丘们,这就叫作防护。”
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, saṃvaro hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā piyarūpe rūpe nādhimuccati, appiyarūpe rūpe na byāpajjati, upaṭṭhitakāyassati ca viharati appamāṇacetaso, tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti…pe… jivhā rasaṃ sāyitvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya piyarūpe dhamme nādhimuccati, appiyarūpe dhamme na byāpajjati, upaṭṭhitakāyassati ca viharati appamāṇacetaso, tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, saṃvaro hoti.
1339“比丘们,如果那位比丘在这样行走、这样安住时,偶尔、有时还会因为正念忘失,生起与结缚相关的恶不善的记忆与思惟,比丘们,正念的生起可能会比较缓慢。但即使这样,他也能迅速地舍断它、驱除它、消灭它,让它归于无有。”
‘‘Tassa ce, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno evaṃ carato evaṃ viharato kadāci karahaci satisammosā uppajjanti, pāpakā akusalā sarasaṅkappā saṃyojaniyā, dandho, bhikkhave, satuppādo. Atha kho naṃ khippameva pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti.
1340“比丘们,就譬如一个人,往一个被白天烈日曝晒得滚烫的铁锅里滴入两三滴水滴。比丘们,水滴落下的速度是慢的,但即使这样,那水滴也会迅速地彻底蒸发殆尽。比丘们,同样地,如果那位比丘在这样行走、这样安住时,偶尔、有时还会因为正念忘失,生起与结缚相关的恶不善的记忆与思惟,比丘们,正念的生起可能会比较缓慢。但即使这样,他也能迅速地舍断它、驱除它、消灭它,让它归于无有。比丘们,一位比丘的行走方式与安住方式,就是像这样才算已经了知,使得他在如此行走、如此安住时,贪爱与忧恼这些恶不善法不会流入他的心。比丘们,像这样行走、这样安住的比丘,就算有国王、大臣、朋友、同僚、亲戚、血亲拿着财物前来劝导、请他回去,对他说:‘来吧,善男子,何必穿这些袈裟?何必剃了头,拿着钵到处走?来吧,回到低俗的世俗生活中去,享受财物,也做些福德善事吧!’比丘们,那位如此行走、如此安住的比丘,会放弃学处、回到低俗的生活中——这是绝无可能的事。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso divasaṃsantatte ayokaṭāhe dve vā tīṇi vā udakaphusitāni nipāteyya. Dandho, bhikkhave, udakaphusitānaṃ nipāto, atha kho naṃ khippameva parikkhayaṃ pariyādānaṃ gaccheyya. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, tassa ce bhikkhuno evaṃ carato, evaṃ viharato kadāci karahaci satisammosā uppajjanti pāpakā akusalā sarasaṅkappā saṃyojaniyā, dandho, bhikkhave, satuppādo. Atha kho naṃ khippameva pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno cāro ca vihāro ca anubuddho hoti; yathā carantaṃ viharantaṃ abhijjhādomanassā pāpakā akusalā dhammā nānussavanti. Tañce, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṃ evaṃ carantaṃ evaṃ viharantaṃ rājāno vā rājamahāmattā vā mittā vā amaccā vā ñātī vā sālohitā vā, bhogehi abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavāreyyuṃ – ‘ehi , bho purisa, kiṃ te ime kāsāvā anudahanti, kiṃ muṇḍo kapālamanucarasi, ehi hīnāyāvattitvā bhoge ca bhuñjassu, puññāni ca karohī’ti. So vata, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ caranto evaṃ viharanto sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
1341“比丘们,就譬如恒河,它是趋向东方、倾向东方、斜向东方而流的。这时,来了一大群人,拿着铲子和篮子,说:‘我们要把这条恒河变成趋向西方、倾向西方、斜向西方而流。’比丘们,你们觉得怎么样,这一大群人,有没有可能真的把恒河变成趋向西方、倾向西方、斜向西方而流呢?”“那是不可能的,尊者。”“为什么呢?”“尊者,恒河是趋向东方、倾向东方、斜向东方而流的,要把它变成趋向西方、倾向西方、斜向西方,那是不容易做到的。那一大群人只会招来疲劳和困扰的份罢了。”“比丘们,同样地,如果那位比丘在这样行走、这样安住时,就算有国王、大臣、朋友、同僚、亲戚、血亲拿着财物前来劝导、请他回去,对他说:‘来吧,善男子,何必穿这些袈裟?何必剃了头,拿着钵到处走?来吧,回到低俗的世俗生活中去,享受财物,也做些福德善事吧!’比丘们,那位如此行走、如此安住的比丘,会放弃学处、回到低俗的生活中——这是绝无可能的事。为什么呢?比丘们,因为那颗心长久以来就是趋向远离、倾向远离、斜向远离的,所以,会回到低俗中去——这是绝无可能的事。”第七经。
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, gaṅgā nadī pācīnaninnā pācīnapoṇā pācīnapabbhārā. Atha mahājanakāyo āgaccheyya kuddāla-piṭakaṃ ādāya – ‘mayaṃ imaṃ gaṅgaṃ nadiṃ pacchāninnaṃ karissāma pacchāpoṇaṃ pacchāpabbhāra’nti. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nu kho so mahājanakāyo gaṅgaṃ nadiṃ pacchāninnaṃ kareyya pacchāpoṇaṃ pacchāpabbhāra’’nti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Taṃ kissa hetu’’? ‘‘Gaṅgā, bhante, nadī pācīnaninnā pācīnapoṇā pācīnapabbhārā; sā na sukarā pacchāninnā kātuṃ pacchāpoṇā pacchāpabbhārā. Yāvadeva ca pana so mahājanakāyo kilamathassa vighātassa bhāgī assā’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, tañce bhikkhuṃ evaṃ carantaṃ evaṃ viharantaṃ rājāno vā rājamahāmattā vā mittā vā amaccā vā ñātī vā sālohitā vā bhogehi abhihaṭṭhuṃ pavāreyyuṃ – ‘ehi, bho purisa, kiṃ te ime kāsāvā anudahanti, kiṃ muṇḍo kapālamanucarasi, ehi hīnāyāvattitvā bhoge ca bhuñjassu, puññāni ca karohī’ti. So vata, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃ caranto evaṃ viharanto sikkhaṃ paccakkhāya hīnāyāvattissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yañhi taṃ, bhikkhave, cittaṃ dīgharattaṃ vivekaninnaṃ vivekapoṇaṃ vivekapabbhāraṃ, tathā hīnāyāvattissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjatī’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
13428. 紧叔迦树譬喻经
8. Kiṃsukopamasuttaṃ
245那时,有位比丘去见了另一位比丘。见面之后,他对那位比丘这样说:“贤友,比丘的见解要到了什么程度,才算非常清净呢?”“贤友,当一位比丘如实了知六触处的集起和灭没,到了这个程度,贤友,比丘的见解就算非常清净了。”
Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yenaññataro bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno dassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ hotī’’ti? ‘‘Yato kho, āvuso, bhikkhu channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ettāvatā kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno dassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ hotī’’ti.
1344可那位比丘对这位比丘的解答并不满意,于是又去见了另一位比丘。见面之后,他对那位比丘这样说:“贤友,比丘的见解要到了什么程度,才算非常清净呢?”“贤友,当一位比丘如实了知五取蕴的集起和灭没,到了这个程度,贤友,比丘的见解就算非常清净了。”
Atha kho so bhikkhu asantuṭṭho tassa bhikkhussa pañhaveyyākaraṇena , yenaññataro bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno dassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ hotī’’ti? ‘‘Yato kho, āvuso, bhikkhu pañcannaṃ upādānakkhandhānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ettāvatā kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno dassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ hotī’’ti.
1345可那位比丘对这位比丘的解答还是不满意,于是又去见了另一位比丘。见面之后,他对那位比丘这样说:“贤友,比丘的见解要到了什么程度,才算非常清净呢?”“贤友,当一位比丘如实了知四大的集起和灭没,到了这个程度,贤友,比丘的见解就算非常清净了。”
Atha kho so bhikkhu asantuṭṭho tassa bhikkhussa pañhaveyyākaraṇena, yenaññataro bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno dassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ hotī’’ti? ‘‘Yato kho, āvuso, bhikkhu catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ettāvatā kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno dassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ hotī’’ti.
1346可那位比丘对这位比丘的解答仍不满意,于是又去见了另一位比丘。见面之后,他对那位比丘这样说:“贤友,比丘的见解要到了什么程度,才算非常清净呢?”“贤友,当一位比丘如实了知:凡是具有集起性质的东西,全部都具有灭尽的性质。到了这个程度,贤友,比丘的见解就算非常清净了。”
Atha kho so bhikkhu asantuṭṭho tassa bhikkhussa pañhaveyyākaraṇena, yenaññataro bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno dassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ hotī’’ti? ‘‘Yato kho, āvuso, bhikkhu yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ , sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhammanti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ettāvatā, kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno dassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ hotī’’ti.
1347可那位比丘对这位比丘的解答还是不满意,于是他去见了世尊。到了之后,他对世尊这样说:“尊者,事情是这样的:我去见了一位比丘,见面后我问他:‘贤友,比丘的见解要到了什么程度,才算非常清净呢?’尊者,我这样问了之后,那位比丘对我说:‘贤友,当一位比丘如实了知六触处的集起和灭没,到了这个程度,贤友,比丘的见解就算非常清净了。’尊者,我对那位比丘的解答不满意,就又去见另一位比丘,问他:‘贤友,比丘的见解要到了什么程度,才算非常清净呢?’尊者,我这样问了之后,那位比丘对我说:‘贤友,当一位比丘如实了知五取蕴的……四大的集起和灭没……凡是具有集起性质的东西,全部都具有灭尽的性质,如实了知这一点,到了这个程度,贤友,比丘的见解就算非常清净了。’尊者,我对那位比丘的解答还是不满意,所以才来见世尊。尊者,比丘的见解到底要到了什么程度,才算非常清净呢?”
Atha kho so bhikkhu asantuṭṭho tassa bhikkhussa pañhaveyyākaraṇena, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idhāhaṃ, bhante, yenaññataro bhikkhu tenupasaṅkamiṃ; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocaṃ – kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno dassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ hotī’ti? Evaṃ vutte, bhante, so bhikkhu maṃ etadavoca – ‘yato kho, āvuso, bhikkhu channaṃ phassāyatanānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ettāvatā kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno dassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ hotī’ti. Atha khvāhaṃ, bhante, asantuṭṭho tassa bhikkhussa pañhaveyyākaraṇena , yenaññataro bhikkhu tenupasaṅkamiṃ; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno dassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ hotī’ti? Evaṃ vutte, bhante, so bhikkhu maṃ etadavoca – ‘yato kho, āvuso, bhikkhu pañcannaṃ upādānakkhandhānaṃ…pe… catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ samudayañca atthaṅgamañca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti…pe… yaṃ kiñci samudayadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ nirodhadhammanti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ettāvatā kho, āvuso, bhikkhuno dassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ hotī’ti. Atha khvāhaṃ, bhante, asantuṭṭho tassa bhikkhussa pañhaveyyākaraṇena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃ ( ) . Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, bhikkhuno dassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ hotī’’ti?
1348“比丘,打个比方:有一个人,从来没见过迦姆树。他去见一个见过迦姆树的人。到了之后,他问那个人:‘朋友,迦姆树长什么样?’那个人回答他:‘喂,朋友,迦姆树黑乎乎的——就像一截烧过的木桩。’可是,比丘,在那个时节,迦姆树在那个人眼里恰好就是那个样子。那位比丘,对那个人的解答不满意,就又去找另一个见过迦姆树的人。到了之后,他问:‘朋友,迦姆树长什么样?’这个人回答他:‘喂,朋友,迦姆树红通通的——就像一块肉。’而在那个时节,迦姆树在这人眼里恰好就是那个样子。那位比丘,对这个人的解答还是不满意,又去找第三个见过迦姆树的人。到了之后,他问:‘朋友,迦姆树长什么样?’这个人回答他:‘喂,朋友,迦姆树的树皮脱落,豆荚也裂开了——就像一株尸利沙树。’在那个时节,迦姆树在这人眼里恰好就是那个样子。那位比丘,对这个人的解答仍不满意,又去找第四个见过迦姆树的人。到了之后,他问:‘朋友,迦姆树长什么样?’这个人回答他:‘喂,朋友,迦姆树叶茂枝密,树荫浓密——就像一棵榕树。’在那个时节,迦姆树在这人眼里恰好就是那个样子。比丘,同样的道理,那些善士们随各自的心得而见,他们也就照着自己所见清净的程度来解说。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, purisassa kiṃsuko adiṭṭhapubbo assa. So yenaññataro puriso kiṃsukassa dassāvī tenupasaṅkameyya. Upasaṅkamitvā taṃ purisaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘kīdiso, bho purisa, kiṃsuko’ti? So evaṃ vadeyya – ‘kāḷako kho, ambho purisa, kiṃsuko – seyyathāpi jhāmakhāṇū’ti. Tena kho pana, bhikkhu, samayena tādisovassa kiṃsuko yathāpi tassa purisassa dassanaṃ. Atha kho, so bhikkhu, puriso asantuṭṭho tassa purisassa pañhaveyyākaraṇena, yenaññataro puriso kiṃsukassa dassāvī tenupasaṅkameyya; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ purisaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘kīdiso , bho purisa, kiṃsuko’ti? So evaṃ vadeyya – ‘lohitako kho, ambho purisa, kiṃsuko – seyyathāpi maṃsapesī’ti. Tena kho pana, bhikkhu, samayena tādisovassa kiṃsuko yathāpi tassa purisassa dassanaṃ. Atha kho so bhikkhu puriso asantuṭṭho tassa purisassa pañhaveyyākaraṇena, yenaññataro puriso kiṃsukassa dassāvī tenupasaṅkameyya ; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ purisaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘kīdiso, bho purisa, kiṃsuko’ti? So evaṃ vadeyya – ‘ocīrakajāto kho, ambho purisa, kiṃsuko ādinnasipāṭiko – seyyathāpi sirīso’ti. Tena kho pana, bhikkhu, samayena tādisovassa kiṃsuko, yathāpi tassa purisassa dassanaṃ. Atha kho so bhikkhu puriso asantuṭṭho tassa purisassa pañhaveyyākaraṇena , yenaññataro puriso kiṃsukassa dassāvī tenupasaṅkameyya; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ purisaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘kīdiso, bho purisa, kiṃsuko’ti? So evaṃ vadeyya – ‘bahalapattapalāso sandacchāyo kho, ambho purisa, kiṃsuko – seyyathāpi nigrodho’ti. Tena kho pana, bhikkhu, samayena tādisovassa kiṃsuko, yathāpi tassa purisassa dassanaṃ. Evameva kho, bhikkhu, yathā yathā adhimuttānaṃ tesaṃ sappurisānaṃ dassanaṃ suvisuddhaṃ hoti, tathā tathā kho tehi sappurisehi byākataṃ.
1349“比丘,就比如国王边地的一座城市,城墙坚固、壁垒坚固、城门坚固,有六道门。那里有一个守门人,有智慧、聪明、敏锐,阻挡不认识的人,让认识的人进入。从东方来了一对急使,对那位守门人这样说:‘喂,先生,这座城的城主在哪里?’他这样回答:‘尊贵的先生,他就坐在中央的十字路口。’然后那对急使把如实的话带给城主后,就沿着来时的路回去了。从西方来了一对急使……从北方来了一对急使……从南方来了一对急使,对那位守门人这样说:‘喂,先生,这座城的城主在哪里?’他这样回答:‘尊贵的先生,他就坐在中央的十字路口。’然后那对急使把如实的话带给城主后,就沿着来时的路回去了。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, rañño paccantimaṃ nagaraṃ daḷhuddhāpaṃ daḷhapākāratoraṇaṃ chadvāraṃ. Tatrassa dovāriko paṇḍito byatto medhāvī, aññātānaṃ nivāretā, ñātānaṃ pavesetā. Puratthimāya disāya āgantvā sīghaṃ dūtayugaṃ taṃ dovārikaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘kahaṃ, bho purisa, imassa nagarassa nagarassāmī’ti? So evaṃ vadeyya – ‘eso, bhante, majjhe siṅghāṭake nisinno’ti. Atha kho taṃ sīghaṃ dūtayugaṃ nagarassāmikassa yathābhūtaṃ vacanaṃ niyyātetvā yathāgatamaggaṃ paṭipajjeyya. Pacchimāya disāya āgantvā sīghaṃ dūtayugaṃ…pe… uttarāya disāya… dakkhiṇāya disāya āgantvā sīghaṃ dūtayugaṃ taṃ dovārikaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘kahaṃ, bho purisa, imassa nagarassāmī’ti? So evaṃ vadeyya – ‘eso, bhante, majjhe siṅghāṭake nisinno’ti. Atha kho taṃ sīghaṃ dūtayugaṃ nagarassāmikassa yathābhūtaṃ vacanaṃ niyyātetvā yathāgatamaggaṃ paṭipajjeyya.
1350“比丘,我作的这个譬喻是为了说明义理。这里的义理是这样的:比丘,所谓‘城’,就是这个由四大种构成的、由父母精血所生、靠米饭粥滋养、具有无常、消磨、破坏、离散法的身体的代称。比丘,所谓‘六道门’,就是六内处的代称。比丘,所谓‘守门人’,就是‘念’的代称。比丘,所谓‘一对急使’,就是‘止’和‘观’的代称。比丘,所谓‘城主’,就是‘识’的代称。比丘,所谓‘中央十字路口’,就是四大种的代称——地界、水界、火界、风界。比丘,所谓‘如实的话’,就是‘涅槃’的代称。比丘,所谓‘来时的路’,就是圣八支道的代称,也就是:正见……乃至……正定。”
‘‘Upamā kho myāyaṃ, bhikkhu, katā atthassa viññāpanāya. Ayañcettha attho – ‘nagara’nti kho, bhikkhu, imassetaṃ cātumahābhūtikassa kāyassa adhivacanaṃ mātāpettikasambhavassa odanakummāsūpacayassa aniccucchādanaparimaddanabhedanaviddhaṃsanadhammassa. ‘Cha dvārā’ti kho, bhikkhu, channetaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Dovāriko’ti kho, bhikkhu, satiyā etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Sīghaṃ dūtayuga’nti kho, bhikkhu, samathavipassanānetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Nagarassāmī’ti kho, bhikkhu, viññāṇassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Majjhe siṅghāṭako’ti kho , bhikkhu, catunnetaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ adhivacanaṃ – pathavīdhātuyā, āpodhātuyā, tejodhātuyā, vāyodhātuyā. ‘Yathābhūtaṃ vacana’nti kho, bhikkhu, nibbānassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Yathāgatamaggo’ti kho, bhikkhu, ariyassetaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa adhivacanaṃ, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhiyā…pe… sammāsamādhissā’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
13519. 琵琶譬喻经
9. Vīṇopamasuttaṃ
246诸比丘,对于任何一个比丘或比丘尼,如果他对意所识知的诸法,有贪存在,有嗔存在,有痴存在,贪未断除,嗔未断除,痴未断除,那么,即使只是微小的意所识知的诸法进入他的意门,他的心也会被它们完全占据,更何况那些显著的!为什么会这样呢?诸比丘,因为他有贪,有嗔,有痴,贪未断除,嗔未断除,痴未断除。
‘‘Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā manoviññeyyesu dhammesu yo rāgo so atthi, yo doso so atthi, yo moho so atthi, yo rāgo so appahīno, yo doso so appahīno, yo moho so appahīno, tassa parittā cepi manoviññeyyā dhammā manassa āpāthaṃ āgacchanti pariyādiyantevassa cittaṃ; ko pana vādo adhimattānaṃ! Taṃ kissa hetu? Yo, bhikkhave, rāgo so atthi, yo doso so atthi, yo moho so atthi, yo rāgo so appahīno, yo doso so appahīno, yo moho so appahīno.
1353“诸比丘,比如谷物已经成熟了。看护谷物的人放逸,而那头爱吃谷物的牛闯入那片谷物地,尽情放纵,沉湎于放逸;同样地,诸比丘,没有听闻过法的凡夫,在六种触处上不加防护地行事,在五种欲的功能上尽情放纵,沉湎于放逸。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, kiṭṭhaṃ sampannaṃ. Kiṭṭhārakkho ca pamatto, goṇo ca kiṭṭhādo aduṃ kiṭṭhaṃ otaritvā yāvadatthaṃ madaṃ āpajjeyya pamādaṃ āpajjeyya ; evameva kho, bhikkhave, assutavā puthujjano chasu phassāyatanesu asaṃvutakārī pañcasu kāmaguṇesu yāvadatthaṃ madaṃ āpajjati pamādaṃ āpajjati.
1354“诸比丘,比如谷物已经成熟了,看护谷物的人不放逸,那头爱吃谷物的牛闯入那片谷物地。看护谷物的人就牢牢抓住它的鼻绳。牢牢抓住鼻绳后,在上方的拴牛柱上把它牢牢地拴住。在上方的拴牛柱上牢牢拴住后,用棍子给它一顿好打。用棍子打了一顿好打后,就把它放了。第二次,诸比丘……第三次,诸比丘,那头爱吃谷物的牛又闯入那片谷物地。看护谷物的人就牢牢抓住它的鼻绳。牢牢抓住鼻绳后,在上方的拴牛柱上把它牢牢地拴住。在上方的拴牛柱上牢牢拴住后,用棍子给它一顿好打。用棍子打了一顿好打后,就把它放了。诸比丘,这样一来,那头爱吃谷物的牛,不论走到村里还是森林里,不论是站着多还是卧着多,都不会再闯入那片谷物地了——它会记得先前那次挨棍子打的触感。同样地,诸比丘,当一位比丘的心,在六种触处上变得彻底调柔、完全调伏时,它就内在地安定下来,沉静下来,成为专一的、入定的。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, kiṭṭhaṃ sampannaṃ kiṭṭhārakkho ca appamatto goṇo ca kiṭṭhādo aduṃ kiṭṭhaṃ otareyya. Tamenaṃ kiṭṭhārakkho nāsāyaṃ suggahitaṃ gaṇheyya. Nāsāyaṃ suggahitaṃ gahetvā uparighaṭāyaṃ suniggahitaṃ niggaṇheyya. Uparighaṭāyaṃ suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā daṇḍena sutāḷitaṃ tāḷeyya. Daṇḍena sutāḷitaṃ tāḷetvā osajjeyya. Dutiyampi kho, bhikkhave …pe… tatiyampi kho, bhikkhave, goṇo kiṭṭhādo aduṃ kiṭṭhaṃ otareyya. Tamenaṃ kiṭṭhārakkho nāsāyaṃ suggahitaṃ gaṇheyya. Nāsāyaṃ suggahitaṃ gahetvā uparighaṭāyaṃ suniggahitaṃ niggaṇheyya. Uparighaṭāyaṃ suniggahitaṃ niggahetvā daṇḍena sutāḷitaṃ tāḷeyya. Daṇḍena sutāḷitaṃ tāḷetvā osajjeyya. Evañhi so, bhikkhave, goṇo kiṭṭhādo gāmagato vā araññagato vā, ṭhānabahulo vā assa nisajjabahulo vā na taṃ kiṭṭhaṃ puna otareyya – tameva purimaṃ daṇḍasamphassaṃ samanussaranto. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yato kho bhikkhuno chasu phassāyatanesu cittaṃ udujitaṃ hoti sudujitaṃ, ajjhattameva santiṭṭhati, sannisīdati, ekodi hoti, samādhiyati.
1355“诸比丘,比如国王或者国王的大臣,他以前从未听过琵琶的声音。他听到了琵琶的声音。他这样问:‘喂,这个如此迷人、如此可爱、如此令人陶醉、如此令人痴迷、如此具有束缚力的声音,是谁发出的呢?’人们就这样告诉他:‘尊贵的先生,发出这个如此迷人、如此可爱、如此令人陶醉、如此令人痴迷、如此具有束缚力声音的,就是那个叫作琵琶的东西。’他这样说:‘去吧,先生们,把那个琵琶给我拿来。’人们就把那个琵琶拿给他。人们就这样告诉他:‘尊贵的先生,这就是那个琵琶,它发出了这个如此迷人、如此可爱、如此令人陶醉、如此令人痴迷、如此具有束缚力的声音。’他这样说:‘够了,先生们,我不要那个琵琶了,你们就把那个声音本身给我拿来吧。’人们就这样告诉他:‘尊贵的先生,这个叫作琵琶的东西,是由许多部件组成的,由大部件构成的。它依赖许多部件才能发出声音,也就是:依赖于共鸣箱,依赖于琴皮,依赖于琴颈,依赖于弦纽,依赖于琴弦,依赖于琴马,并且依赖于演奏者相应的技巧。尊贵的先生,这个叫作琵琶的东西就是这样,由许多部件组成,由大部件构成,依赖许多部件才能发出声音。’然后,他把那个琵琶劈成十瓣,或者劈成百瓣;劈成了十瓣、百瓣之后,再把它们削成碎片;削成碎片之后,用火把它们烧掉;用火烧了之后,把它们弄成灰烬;弄成灰烬之后,或者让大风吹散,或者在湍急的河流中冲走。他这样说:‘先生们,这个叫作琵琶的东西,还有什么‘巴’?不论人们把什么东西叫作琵琶,都不过是分分散散的东西罢了。而世上的众人却对它过度地放逸、迷恋。’同样地,诸比丘,一位比丘探寻色法,穷尽色法的去处;探寻感受,穷尽感受的去处;探寻想,穷尽想的去处;探寻行,穷尽行的去处;探寻识,穷尽识的去处。当他探寻色法、穷尽色法的去处时,探寻感受……探寻想……探寻行……探寻识、穷尽识的去处时,对他来说,那种‘这是我’、‘这是我的’、‘我是’的想法,就不会再有了。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, rañño vā rājamahāmattassa vā vīṇāya saddo assutapubbo assa. So vīṇāsaddaṃ suṇeyya. So evaṃ vadeyya – ‘ambho, kassa nu kho eso saddo evaṃrajanīyo evaṃkamanīyo evaṃmadanīyo evaṃmucchanīyo evaṃbandhanīyo’ti? Tamenaṃ evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘esā, kho, bhante, vīṇā nāma, yassā eso saddo evaṃrajanīyo evaṃkamanīyo evaṃmadanīyo evaṃmucchanīyo evaṃbandhanīyo’ti. So evaṃ vadeyya – ‘gacchatha me, bho, taṃ vīṇaṃ āharathā’ti. Tassa taṃ vīṇaṃ āhareyyuṃ. Tamenaṃ evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ayaṃ kho sā, bhante, vīṇā yassā eso saddo evaṃrajanīyo evaṃkamanīyo evaṃmadanīyo evaṃmucchanīyo evaṃbandhanīyo’ti. So evaṃ vadeyya – ‘alaṃ me, bho, tāya vīṇāya, tameva me saddaṃ āharathā’ti. Tamenaṃ evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘ayaṃ kho, bhante, vīṇā nāma anekasambhārā mahāsambhārā. Anekehi sambhārehi samāraddhā vadati , seyyathidaṃ – doṇiñca paṭicca cammañca paṭicca daṇḍañca paṭicca upadhāraṇe ca paṭicca tantiyo ca paṭicca koṇañca paṭicca purisassa ca tajjaṃ vāyāmaṃ paṭicca evāyaṃ, bhante, vīṇā nāma anekasambhārā mahāsambhārā. Anekehi sambhārehi samāraddhā vadatī’ti. So taṃ vīṇaṃ dasadhā vā satadhā vā phāleyya, dasadhā vā satadhā vā taṃ phāletvā sakalikaṃ sakalikaṃ kareyya. Sakalikaṃ sakalikaṃ karitvā agginā ḍaheyya, agginā ḍahitvā masiṃ kareyya. Masiṃ karitvā mahāvāte vā ophuneyya , nadiyā vā sīghasotāya pavāheyya. So evaṃ vadeyya – ‘asatī kirāyaṃ, bho, vīṇā nāma, yathevaṃ yaṃ kiñci vīṇā nāma ettha ca panāyaṃ jano ativelaṃ pamatto palaḷito’ti. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu rūpaṃ samanvesati yāvatā rūpassa gati, vedanaṃ samanvesati yāvatā vedanāya gati, saññaṃ samanvesati yāvatā saññāya gati, saṅkhāre samanvesati yāvatā saṅkhārānaṃ gati, viññāṇaṃ samanvesati yāvatā viññāṇassa gati. Tassa rūpaṃ samanvesato yāvatā rūpassa gati, vedanaṃ samanvesato…pe… saññaṃ… saṅkhāre… viññāṇaṃ samanvesato yāvatā viññāṇassa gati. Yampissa taṃ hoti ahanti vā mamanti vā asmīti vā tampi tassa na hotī’’ti. Navamaṃ.
135610. 六生物譬喻经
10. Chappāṇakopamasuttaṃ
247“比丘们,这就好比一个遍体鳞伤、溃烂流脓的人走进了芦苇丛。库萨草的尖刺会扎穿他的脚,芦苇的叶片会划烂他的身体。这样一来,比丘们,这个人只会因为这件事而体验到更多、更重的苦与忧。完全同样的道理,比丘们,这里有某位比丘在村落里行走,或是在荒野里行走,遇到有人指责他:‘这位尊者就是那种人,就是这种行为,就是这种行径,真是村中不净的尖刺。’既然知道对方是‘刺’,那么什么是防护、什么是不防护,就应该明白了。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso arugatto pakkagatto saravanaṃ paviseyya. Tassa kusakaṇṭakā ceva pāde vijjheyyuṃ, sarapattāni ca gattāni vilekheyyuṃ. Evañhi so, bhikkhave, puriso bhiyyosomattāya tatonidānaṃ dukkhaṃ domanassaṃ paṭisaṃvediyetha. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, idhekacco bhikkhu gāmagato vā araññagato vā labhati vattāraṃ – ‘ayañca so āyasmā evaṃkārī evaṃsamācāro asucigāmakaṇṭako’ti. Taṃ kaṇṭakoti iti viditvā saṃvaro ca asaṃvaro ca veditabbo.
1358“那么,比丘们,什么是不防护呢?比丘们,在此,一位比丘用眼睛看见色之后,对那合意的色就心生粘着;对那不合意的色就心生嗔怒;他安住于未建立身至念的状态,心量狭小。而对于那能令已生起的恶、不善法无余灭尽的心解脱与慧解脱,他不能如实了知。用耳朵听到声之后……用鼻子嗅到香之后……用舌头尝到味之后……用身体触到触之后……用意了知到法之后,对那合意的法就心生粘着;对那不合意的法就心生嗔怒;他安住于未建立身至念的状态,心量狭小;而对于那能令已生起的恶、不善法无余灭尽的心解脱与慧解脱,他不能如实了知。”
‘‘Kathañca , bhikkhave, asaṃvaro hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā piyarūpe rūpe adhimuccati, appiyarūpe rūpe byāpajjati, anupaṭṭhitakāyassati ca viharati parittacetaso. Tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti. Sotena saddaṃ sutvā… ghānena gandhaṃ ghāyitvā… jivhāya rasaṃ sāyitvā… kāyena phoṭṭhabbaṃ phusitvā… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya piyarūpe dhamme adhimuccati, appiyarūpe dhamme byāpajjati, anupaṭṭhitakāyassati ca viharati parittacetaso, tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ nappajānāti, yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti.
1359“比丘们,这就好比一个人抓住了六种不同的动物,它们各有各的去处,各找各的食。他用一条结实的绳子把它们捆住。他抓住一条蛇,用结实的绳子捆住。他抓住一条鳄鱼,用结实的绳子捆住。他抓住一只鸟,用结实的绳子捆住。他抓住一条狗,用结实的绳子捆住。他抓住一只豺狼,用结实的绳子捆住。他抓住一只猴子,用结实的绳子捆住。用结实的绳子捆好后,在中间打一个结,然后放开它们。那么,比丘们,这六种各有去处、各找各食的动物,就会各自拼命往自己觅食的地盘那边扯——蛇会拼命扯,想着‘我要钻进蚁丘’;鳄鱼会拼命扯,想着‘我要钻进水里’;鸟会拼命扯,想着‘我要飞上天空’;狗会拼命扯,想着‘我要跑进村子’;豺狼会拼命扯,想着‘我要跑进尸陀林’;猴子会拼命扯,想着‘我要跑进森林’。比丘们,当这六种动物全都精疲力竭、困顿不堪的时候,它们当中力量最强的那个,其它动物就会跟着它走,顺从它,受它支配。完全同样的道理,比丘们,对于任何一个没有修习、没有多修习身至念的比丘来说,他的眼睛就会把他往合意的色上拉扯,而那些不合意的色则会让他觉得排斥……(中略)……他的意就会把他往合意的法上拉扯,而那些不合意的法则会让他觉得排斥。比丘们,就像这样,就是不防护。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso chappāṇake gahetvā nānāvisaye nānāgocare daḷhāya rajjuyā bandheyya. Ahiṃ gahetvā daḷhāya rajjuyā bandheyya. Susumāraṃ gahetvā daḷhāya rajjuyā bandheyya. Pakkhiṃ gahetvā daḷhāya rajjuyā bandheyya. Kukkuraṃ gahetvā daḷhāya rajjuyā bandheyya . Siṅgālaṃ gahetvā daḷhāya rajjuyā bandheyya. Makkaṭaṃ gahetvā daḷhāya rajjuyā bandheyya. Daḷhāya rajjuyā bandhitvā majjhe gaṇṭhiṃ karitvā ossajjeyya. Atha kho, te, bhikkhave , chappāṇakā nānāvisayā nānāgocarā sakaṃ sakaṃ gocaravisayaṃ āviñcheyyuṃ – ahi āviñcheyya ‘vammikaṃ pavekkhāmī’ti, susumāro āviñcheyya ‘udakaṃ pavekkhāmī’ti, pakkhī āviñcheyya ‘ākāsaṃ ḍessāmī’ti, kukkuro āviñcheyya ‘gāmaṃ pavekkhāmī’ti, siṅgālo āviñcheyya ‘sīvathikaṃ pavekkhāmī’ti, makkaṭo āviñcheyya ‘vanaṃ pavekkhāmī’ti. Yadā kho te, bhikkhave, chappāṇakā jhattā assu kilantā, atha kho yo nesaṃ pāṇakānaṃ balavataro assa tassa te anuvatteyyuṃ, anuvidhāyeyyuṃ vasaṃ gaccheyyuṃ. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci bhikkhuno kāyagatāsati abhāvitā abahulīkatā, taṃ cakkhu āviñchati manāpiyesu rūpesu, amanāpiyā rūpā paṭikūlā honti…pe… mano āviñchati manāpiyesu dhammesu, amanāpiyā dhammā paṭikūlā honti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, asaṃvaro hoti.
1360“那么,比丘们,什么是防护呢?比丘们,在此,一位比丘用眼睛看见色之后,对那合意的色不起粘着;对那不合意的色不起嗔怒;他安住于已建立身至念的状态,心量广大;而对于那能令已生起的恶、不善法无余灭尽的心解脱与慧解脱,他能如实了知。……(中略)……用舌头尝到味之后…………(中略)……用意了知到法之后,对那合意的法不起粘着;对那不合意的法不起嗔怒;他安住于已建立身至念的状态,心量广大;而对于那能令已生起的恶、不善法无余灭尽的心解脱与慧解脱,他能如实了知。”
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, saṃvaro hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā piyarūpe rūpe nādhimuccati, appiyarūpe rūpe na byāpajjati, upaṭṭhitakāyassati ca viharati appamāṇacetaso, tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti…pe… jivhā rasaṃ sāyitvā…pe… manasā dhammaṃ viññāya piyarūpe dhamme nādhimuccati, appiyarūpe dhamme na byāpajjati, upaṭṭhitakāyassati ca viharati appamāṇacetaso, tañca cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti yatthassa te uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā aparisesā nirujjhanti.
1361“比丘们,这就好比一个人抓住了六种不同的动物,它们各有各的去处,各找各的食。他用一条结实的绳子把它们捆住。他抓住一条蛇,用结实的绳子捆住。他抓住一条鳄鱼,用结实的绳子捆住。他抓住一只鸟,用结实的绳子捆住……(中略)……他抓住一条狗……他抓住一只豺狼……他抓住一只猴子,用结实的绳子捆住。用结实的绳子捆好之后,把它们牢牢地绑在一根坚固的木桩或柱子上。那么,比丘们,这六种各有去处、各找各食的动物,就会各自拼命往自己觅食的地盘那边扯——蛇会拼命扯,想着‘我要钻进蚁丘’;鳄鱼会拼命扯,想着‘我要钻进水里’;鸟会拼命扯,想着‘我要飞上天空’;狗会拼命扯,想着‘我要跑进村子’;豺狼会拼命扯,想着‘我要跑进尸陀林’;猴子会拼命扯,想着‘我要跑进森林’。比丘们,当这六种动物全都精疲力竭、困顿不堪的时候,它们就会在那根木桩或柱子旁站住,在它旁边坐下,在它旁边趴下。完全同样的道理,比丘们,对于任何一个已经修习、已经多修习身至念的比丘来说,他的眼睛不会把他往合意的色上拉扯,那些不合意的色也不会让他觉得排斥……(中略)……他的舌头不会把他往合意的味上拉扯……(中略)……他的意不会把他往合意的法上拉扯,那些不合意的法也不会让他觉得排斥。比丘们,就像这样,就是防护。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso chappāṇake gahetvā nānāvisaye nānāgocare daḷhāya rajjuyā bandheyya. Ahiṃ gahetvā daḷhāya rajjuyā bandheyya. Susumāraṃ gahetvā daḷhāya rajjuyā bandheyya. Pakkhiṃ gahetvā…pe… kukkuraṃ gahetvā… siṅgālaṃ gahetvā… makkaṭaṃ gahetvā daḷhāya rajjuyā bandheyya. Daḷhāya rajjuyā bandhitvā daḷhe khīle vā thambhe vā upanibandheyya. Atha kho te, bhikkhave, chappāṇakā nānāvisayā nānāgocarā sakaṃ sakaṃ gocaravisayaṃ āviñcheyyuṃ – ahi āviñcheyya ‘vammikaṃ pavekkhāmī’ti, susumāro āviñcheyya ‘udakaṃ pavekkhāmī’ti, pakkhī āviñcheyya ‘ākāsaṃ ḍessāmī’ti, kukkuro āviñcheyya ‘gāmaṃ pavekkhāmī’ti, siṅgālo āviñcheyya ‘sīvathikaṃ pavekkhāmī’ti, makkaṭo āviñcheyya ‘vanaṃ pavekkhāmī’ti . Yadā kho te, bhikkhave, chappāṇakā jhattā assu kilantā , atha tameva khīlaṃ vā thambhaṃ vā upatiṭṭheyyuṃ, upanisīdeyyuṃ, upanipajjeyyuṃ. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, yassa kassaci bhikkhuno kāyagatāsati bhāvitā bahulīkatā, taṃ cakkhu nāviñchati manāpiyesu rūpesu, amanāpiyā rūpā nappaṭikūlā honti…pe… jivhā nāviñchati manāpiyesu rasesu…pe… mano nāviñchati manāpiyesu dhammesu, amanāpiyā dhammā nappaṭikūlā honti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, saṃvaro hoti.
1362“比丘们,‘坚固的木桩或柱子’这一说,就是指身至念。因此,比丘们,你们应该这样来学:‘我们的身至念将会被修习、被多修习,成为基石、成为基础,被确立、被熟悉、被好好着手进行。’比丘们,你们就应该这样学。”
‘‘‘Daḷhe khīle vā thambhe vā’ti kho, bhikkhave, kāyagatāya satiyā etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Tasmātiha vo, bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘kāyagatā no sati bhāvitā bhavissati bahulīkatā yānīkatā vatthukatā anuṭṭhitā paricitā susamāraddhā’ti. Evañhi kho, bhikkhave, sikkhitabba’’nti. Dasamaṃ.
136311. 麦束经
11. Yavakalāpisuttaṃ
248“比丘们,假如有一捆稻草被放在十字路口。然后来了六个人,手里都拿着棍子。他们用六根棍子敲打那捆稻草。比丘们,这样一来,那捆稻草被六根棍子不断敲打,肯定会被打得很惨。接着,又来了第七个人,手里也拿着棍子。他用第七根棍子去敲打那捆稻草。比丘们,这样一来,那捆稻草又被第七根棍子敲打,肯定会被打得更惨。同样地,比丘们,没有听过法的凡夫在眼根上被顺意、不顺意的色尘敲打……在舌根上被顺意、不顺意的味尘敲打……在意根上被顺意、不顺意的法尘敲打。比丘们,如果那个没有听过法的凡夫还在心里想着未来的再生,那么,比丘们,那个愚人就比那捆又被第七根棍子敲打的稻草,被打得更惨了。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, yavakalāpī cātumahāpathe nikkhittā assa. Atha cha purisā āgaccheyyuṃ byābhaṅgihatthā. Te yavakalāpiṃ chahi byābhaṅgīhi haneyyuṃ. Evañhi sā, bhikkhave, yavakalāpī suhatā assa chahi byābhaṅgīhi haññamānā. Atha sattamo puriso āgaccheyya byābhaṅgihattho. So taṃ yavakalāpiṃ sattamāya byābhaṅgiyā haneyya. Evañhi sā bhikkhave, yavakalāpī suhatatarā assa, sattamāya byābhaṅgiyā haññamānā. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, assutavā puthujjano cakkhusmiṃ haññati manāpāmanāpehi rūpehi…pe… jivhāya haññati manāpāmanāpehi rasehi…pe… manasmiṃ haññati manāpāmanāpehi dhammehi. Sace so, bhikkhave, assutavā puthujjano āyatiṃ punabbhavāya ceteti, evañhi so, bhikkhave, moghapuriso suhatataro hoti, seyyathāpi sā yavakalāpī sattamāya byābhaṅgiyā haññamānā.
1365“比丘们,在过去,曾经发生了一场天人和阿修罗的大战。那时,比丘们,阿修罗王吠波质底召集阿修罗们说:‘诸位,如果这场天人与阿修罗的大战开打后,阿修罗赢了,天人输了,你们就用那五重脖子锁把沙咖天帝捆起来,带到我阿修罗城来。’比丘们,而天界的沙咖天帝也召集了三十三天的天人们说:‘诸位,如果这场天人与阿修罗的大战开打后,天人赢了,阿修罗输了,你们就用那五重脖子锁把阿修罗王吠波质底捆起来,带到我善法堂天宫来。’比丘们,结果在那场大战中,天人赢了,阿修罗输了。于是,比丘们,三十三天的天人们就用五重脖子锁把阿修罗王吠波质底捆起来,带到了沙咖天帝的善法堂天宫。在那里,阿修罗王吠波质底的脖子上套着五重绳子。比丘们,每当阿修罗王吠波质底心里这样想:‘天人走的是正法,阿修罗走的是非法,我现在就回天城去吧。’这时,他就发现自己脖子上那五重绳子解开了,他享用着天界的五种欲乐,身心满足。比丘们,可是,每当阿修罗王吠波质底心里这样想:‘阿修罗走的是正法,天人走的是非法,我现在就回阿修罗城去吧。’这时,他就发现自己脖子上又被那五重绳子捆住了,天界的五种欲乐也消失了。比丘们,你看,吠波质底的束缚竟微妙到这种程度。但魔王的束缚比这更微妙。比丘们,心里有所认定的人,就被魔王捆住了;心里无所认定的人,就从那个邪恶者手中解脱了。”
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, devāsurasaṅgāmo samupabyūḷho ahosi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, vepacitti asurindo asure āmantesi – ‘sace, mārisā, devāsurasaṅgāme samupabyūḷhe asurā jineyyuṃ devā parājineyyuṃ, yena naṃ sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ kaṇṭhapañcamehi bandhanehi bandhitvā mama santike āneyyātha asurapura’nti. Sakkopi kho, bhikkhave, devānamindo deve tāvatiṃse āmantesi – ‘sace, mārisā, devāsurasaṅgāme samupabyūḷhe devā jineyyuṃ asurā parājineyyuṃ, yena naṃ vepacittiṃ asurindaṃ kaṇṭhapañcamehi bandhanehi bandhitvā mama santike āneyyātha sudhammaṃ devasabha’nti. Tasmiṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, saṅgāme devā jiniṃsu, asurā parājiniṃsu . Atha kho, bhikkhave, devā tāvatiṃsā vepacittiṃ asurindaṃ kaṇṭhapañcamehi bandhanehi bandhitvā sakkassa devānamindassa santike ānesuṃ sudhammaṃ devasabhaṃ. Tatra sudaṃ, bhikkhave, vepacitti asurindo kaṇṭhapañcamehi bandhanehi baddho hoti. Yadā kho, bhikkhave, vepacittissa asurindassa evaṃ hoti – ‘dhammikā kho devā, adhammikā asurā , idheva dānāhaṃ devapuraṃ gacchāmī’ti. Atha kaṇṭhapañcamehi bandhanehi muttaṃ attānaṃ samanupassati, dibbehi ca pañcahi kāmaguṇehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti. Yadā ca kho, bhikkhave, vepacittissa asurindassa evaṃ hoti – ‘dhammikā kho asurā, adhammikā devā, tattheva dānāhaṃ asurapuraṃ gamissāmī’ti, atha kaṇṭhapañcamehi bandhanehi baddhaṃ attānaṃ samanupassati. Dibbehi ca pañcahi kāmaguṇehi parihāyati. Evaṃ sukhumaṃ kho, bhikkhave, vepacittibandhanaṃ. Tato sukhumataraṃ mārabandhanaṃ. Maññamāno kho, bhikkhave, baddho mārassa, amaññamāno mutto pāpimato.
1366“比丘们,‘我是’——这是一种妄想。‘我是这个’——这是一种妄想。‘我将会是’——这是一种妄想。‘我将不会是’——这是一种妄想。‘我将会有色身’——这是一种妄想。‘我将会是无色’——这是一种妄想。‘我将会有想’——这是一种妄想。‘我将会是无想’——这是一种妄想。‘我将是非想非非想’——这是一种妄想。比丘们,妄想是病,妄想是疮,妄想是箭。因此,比丘们,你们要这样学:‘我们将以一颗不妄想的心去安住。’”
‘‘‘Asmī’ti, bhikkhave, maññitametaṃ, ‘ayamahamasmī’ti maññitametaṃ, ‘bhavissa’nti maññitametaṃ, ‘na bhavissa’nti maññitametaṃ, ‘rūpī bhavissa’nti maññitametaṃ, ‘arūpī bhavissa’nti maññitametaṃ, ‘saññī bhavissa’nti maññitametaṃ, ‘asaññī bhavissa’nti maññitametaṃ, ‘nevasaññīnāsaññī bhavissa’nti maññitametaṃ. Maññitaṃ, bhikkhave, rogo, maññitaṃ gaṇḍo, maññitaṃ sallaṃ. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, ‘amaññamānena cetasā viharissāmā’ti – evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṃ.
1367“比丘们,‘我是’——这是一种动摇。‘我是这个’——这是一种动摇。‘我将会是’——这是一种动摇。‘我将不会是’——这是一种动摇。‘我将会有色身’——这是一种动摇。‘我将会是无色’——这是一种动摇。‘我将会有想’——这是一种动摇。‘我将会是无想’——这是一种动摇。‘我将是非想非非想’——这是一种动摇。比丘们,动摇是病,动摇是疮,动摇是箭。因此,比丘们,你们要这样学:‘我们将以一颗不动摇的心去安住。’”
‘‘‘Asmī’ti, bhikkhave, iñjitametaṃ, ‘ayamahamasmī’ti iñjitametaṃ, ‘bhavissa’nti iñjitametaṃ, ‘na bhavissa’nti iñjitametaṃ, ‘rūpī bhavissa’nti iñjitametaṃ, ‘arūpī bhavissa’nti iñjitametaṃ, ‘saññī bhavissa’nti iñjitametaṃ, ‘asaññī bhavissa’nti iñjitametaṃ, ‘nevasaññīnāsaññī bhavissa’nti iñjitametaṃ. Iñjitaṃ, bhikkhave , rogo, iñjitaṃ gaṇḍo, iñjitaṃ sallaṃ. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, ‘aniñjamānena cetasā viharissāmā’ti – evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṃ.
1368“比丘们,‘我是’——这是一种颤动。‘我是这个’——这是一种颤动。‘我将会是’……‘我将不会是’……‘我将会有色身’……‘我将会是无色’……‘我将会有想’……‘我将会是无想’……‘我将是非想非非想’——这是一种颤动。比丘们,颤动是病,颤动是疮,颤动是箭。因此,比丘们,你们要这样学:‘我们将以一颗不颤动的心去安住。’”
‘‘‘Asmī’ti , bhikkhave, phanditametaṃ, ‘ayamahamasmī’ti phanditametaṃ, ‘bhavissa’nti…pe… ‘na bhavissa’nti… ‘rūpī bhavissa’nti… ‘arūpī bhavissa’nti… ‘saññī bhavissa’nti… ‘asaññī bhavissa’nti… ‘nevasaññīnāsaññī bhavissa’nti phanditametaṃ. Phanditaṃ, bhikkhave, rogo, phanditaṃ gaṇḍo, phanditaṃ sallaṃ. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, ‘aphandamānena cetasā viharissāmā’ti – evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṃ.
1369“比丘们,‘我是’——这是一种戏论的扩散。‘我是这个’——这是一种戏论的扩散。‘我将会是’……‘我将不会是’……‘我将会有色身’……‘我将会是无色’……‘我将会有想’……‘我将会是无想’……‘我将是非想非非想’——这是一种戏论的扩散。比丘们,戏论的扩散是病,戏论的扩散是疮,戏论的扩散是箭。因此,比丘们,你们要这样学:‘我们将以一颗远离戏论的心去安住。’”
‘‘‘Asmī’ti, bhikkhave, papañcitametaṃ, ‘ayamahamasmī’ti papañcitametaṃ, ‘bhavissa’nti…pe… ‘na bhavissa’nti… ‘rūpī bhavissa’nti… ‘arūpī bhavissa’nti… ‘saññī bhavissa’nti… ‘asaññī bhavissa’nti… ‘nevasaññīnāsaññī bhavissa’nti papañcitametaṃ . Papañcitaṃ, bhikkhave, rogo, papañcitaṃ gaṇḍo, papañcitaṃ sallaṃ. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, ‘nippapañcena cetasā viharissāmā’ti – evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṃ.
1370‘我是’,诸比丘,这是慢;‘我是这个’,这是慢;‘我将存在’,这是慢;‘我将不存在’,这是慢;‘我将是有色的’,这是慢;‘我将是无色的’,这是慢;‘我将是有想的’,这是慢;‘我将是无想的’,这是慢;‘我将是非想非非想的’,这是慢。诸比丘,慢是病,慢是疮,慢是箭。因此,诸比丘,你们应当这样学:‘我们将以摧毀了慢的心而住。’第十一经。
‘‘‘Asmī’ti, bhikkhave, mānagatametaṃ, ‘ayamahamasmī’ti mānagatametaṃ, ‘bhavissa’nti mānagatametaṃ, ‘na bhavissa’nti mānagatametaṃ, ‘rūpī bhavissa’nti mānagatametaṃ, ‘arūpī bhavissa’nti mānagatametaṃ, ‘saññī bhavissa’nti mānagatametaṃ, ‘asaññī bhavissa’nti mānagatametaṃ, ‘nevasaññīnāsaññī bhavissa’nti mānagatametaṃ. Mānagataṃ, bhikkhave, rogo, mānagataṃ gaṇḍo, mānagataṃ sallaṃ. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, ‘nihatamānena cetasā viharissāmā’ti – evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabba’’nti. Ekādasamaṃ.
1371其摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
1372毒蛇品第十九
Āsīvisavaggo ekūnavīsatimo.
1373其摄颂──
Tassuddānaṃ –
1374毒蛇、车、龟,两段木头,渗漏;
Āsīviso ratho kummo, dve dārukkhandhā avassuto;
1375苦法、吉木苏克花、琴,六种动物、大麦束。
Dukkhadhammā kiṃsukā vīṇā, chappāṇā yavakalāpīti.
1376该品的品摄颂:
Tassa vagguddānaṃ –
1377六处品第四个五十完
Saḷāyatanavagge catutthapaṇṇāsako samatto.
1378其品之摄颂——
Tassa vagguddānaṃ –
1379喜尽、六十、海,与蛇。
Nandikkhayo saṭṭhinayo, samuddo uragena ca;
1380“是无常的,尊者。”
‘‘Aniccaṃ , bhante’’.
1381这些五十四经,在诸品中已阐明。
Catupaṇṇāsakā ete, nipātesu pakāsitāti.
1382六处相应完
Saḷāyatanasaṃyuttaṃ samattaṃ.