MN 73 · 大瓦差经
193如是我闻：有一次，世尊住在王舍城竹林迦兰陀竹园。那时，游方者瓦差来到世尊那里；到了之后，与世尊互相问候。彼此寒暄完那些该问候、该记住的话后，他坐在一边。坐在一边的游方者瓦差对世尊这样说道：“我长久以来一直和乔达摩尊者交谈。如果乔达摩尊者能为我简要地开示什么是善、什么是不善，那就好了。”“瓦差，我可以简要地为你开示善与不善，也可以详细地为你开示善与不善；不过，瓦差，我现在就简要地为你开示善与不善。你仔细听，用心思考，我这就说。”“好的，尊者。”游方者瓦差回应世尊。世尊这样说道：
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho vacchagotto paribbājako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho vacchagotto paribbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘dīgharattāhaṃ bhotā gotamena sahakathī. Sādhu me bhavaṃ gotamo saṃkhittena kusalākusalaṃ desetū’’ti. ‘‘Saṃkhittenapi kho te ahaṃ, vaccha, kusalākusalaṃ deseyyaṃ, vitthārenapi kho te ahaṃ, vaccha, kusalākusalaṃ deseyyaṃ; api ca te ahaṃ, vaccha, saṃkhittena kusalākusalaṃ desessāmi. Taṃ suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi, bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho vacchagotto paribbājako bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca –
194“瓦差，贪是不善的，不贪是善的；瓦差，嗔是不善的，不嗔是善的；瓦差，痴是不善的，不痴是善的。所以，瓦差，这三种法是‘不善’，这三种法是‘善’。
‘‘Lobho kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, alobho kusalaṃ; doso kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, adoso kusalaṃ; moho kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, amoho kusalaṃ. Iti kho, vaccha, ime tayo dhammā akusalā, tayo dhammā kusalā.
3“瓦差，杀生是不善的，远离杀生是善的；不予而取是不善的，远离不予而取是善的；对欲望行邪淫是不善的，远离对欲望行邪淫是善的；妄语是不善的，远离妄语是善的；离间语是不善的，远离离间语是善的；粗恶语是不善的，远离粗恶语是善的；杂秽语是不善的，远离杂秽语是善的；贪婪是不善的，不贪婪是善的；嗔恚是不善的，不嗔恚是善的；邪见是不善的，正见是善的。所以，瓦差，这十种法是‘不善’，这十种法是‘善’。
‘‘Pāṇātipāto kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, pāṇātipātā veramaṇī kusalaṃ; adinnādānaṃ kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, adinnādānā veramaṇī kusalaṃ; kāmesumicchācāro kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī kusalaṃ; musāvādo kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, musāvādā veramaṇī kusalaṃ; pisuṇā vācā kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ , pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī kusalaṃ; pharusā vācā kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī kusalaṃ; samphappalāpo kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, samphappalāpā veramaṇī kusalaṃ; abhijjhā kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, anabhijjhā kusalaṃ; byāpādo kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, abyāpādo kusalaṃ; micchādiṭṭhi kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ sammādiṭṭhi kusalaṃ. Iti kho, vaccha, ime dasa dhammā akusalā, dasa dhammā kusalā.
4“瓦差，当一位比丘彻底断除了渴爱，连根拔起，就像砍断树顶的棕榈树一样，让它归于无有，未来不再生起；那时，这位比丘就是一位阿拉汉、漏尽者、梵行已立者、应作已作者、已卸下重担者、抵达究竟目标者、断尽有之结缚者、因完全了知而获得解脱者。”
‘‘Yato kho, vaccha, bhikkhuno taṇhā pahīnā hoti ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā, so hoti bhikkhu arahaṃ khīṇāsavo vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojano sammadaññā vimutto’’ti.
195“暂且放下您自己不谈，乔达摩尊者。在您座下，可曾有过哪怕一位作为弟子的比丘，是通过灭尽一切烦恼，就在当下、亲身以智慧体证并安住于那无漏的心解脱、智慧解脱之中？”“瓦差，可不只一百位、不只两百位、不只三百位、不只四百位、不只五百位，而是远比这更多得多，那些作为我弟子的比丘们，他们都通过灭尽一切烦恼，就在当下、亲身以智慧体证并安住于那无漏的心解脱、智慧解脱之中。”
‘‘Tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo. Atthi pana te bhoto gotamassa ekabhikkhupi sāvako yo āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, vaccha, ekaṃyeva sataṃ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni, atha kho bhiyyova ye bhikkhū mama sāvakā āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharantī’’ti.
6“暂且放下您自己，也暂且放下那些比丘们。在您座下，可曾有过哪怕一位作为弟子的比丘尼，是通过灭尽一切烦恼，就在当下、亲身以智慧体证并安住于那无漏的心解脱、智慧解脱之中？”“瓦差，可不只一百位、不只两百位、不只三百位、不只四百位、不只五百位，而是远比这更多得多，那些作为我弟子的比丘尼们，她们都通过灭尽一切烦恼，就在当下、亲身以智慧体证并安住于那无漏的心解脱、智慧解脱之中。”
‘‘Tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhū. Atthi pana bhoto gotamassa ekā bhikkhunīpi sāvikā yā āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, vaccha, ekaṃyeva sataṃ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni, atha kho bhiyyova yā bhikkhuniyo mama sāvikā āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharantī’’ti.
7“乔达摩尊者且不说，比丘们也且不说，比丘尼们也且不说。乔达摩尊者可有一位男居士弟子——在家人，穿白衣，修梵行——因断尽五下分结而成为化生者，在那里般涅槃，不再从那个世界回来的吗？”“瓦差，不是一百位而已，不是两百位、三百位、四百位或五百位而已，而是更多男居士——我的弟子，在家人，穿白衣，修梵行——因断尽五下分结而成为化生者，在那里般涅槃，不再从那个世界回来的。”
‘‘Tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhū, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhuniyo. Atthi pana bhoto gotamassa ekupāsakopi sāvako gihī odātavasano brahmacārī yo pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, vaccha, ekaṃyeva sataṃ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni, atha kho bhiyyova ye upāsakā mama sāvakā gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātikā tattha parinibbāyino anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā’’ti.
8“乔达摩尊者且不说，比丘们也且不说，比丘尼们也且不说，那些在家、穿白衣、修梵行的男居士们也且不说。乔达摩尊者可有一位男居士弟子——在家人，穿白衣，享受欲乐——依教奉行、遵从教导，已度疑惑，离犹豫，得无畏，在导师的教法中不依他而住的吗？”“瓦差，不是一百位而已，不是两百位、三百位、四百位或五百位而已，而是更多男居士——我的弟子，在家人，穿白衣，享受欲乐——依教奉行、遵从教导，已度疑惑，离犹豫，得无畏，在导师的教法中不依他而住的。”
‘‘Tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhū, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhuniyo, tiṭṭhantu upāsakā gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino. Atthi pana bhoto gotamassa ekupāsakopi sāvako gihī odātavasano kāmabhogī sāsanakaro ovādappaṭikaro yo tiṇṇavicikiccho vigatakathaṃkatho vesārajjappatto aparappaccayo satthusāsane viharatī’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, vaccha, ekaṃyeva sataṃ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni , atha kho bhiyyova ye upāsakā mama sāvakā gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino sāsanakarā ovādappaṭikarā tiṇṇavicikicchā vigatakathaṃkathā vesārajjappattā aparappaccayā satthusāsane viharantī’’ti.
9“乔达摩尊者且不说，比丘们也且不说，比丘尼们也且不说，那些在家、穿白衣、修梵行的男居士们也且不说，那些在家、穿白衣、享受欲乐的男居士们也且不说。乔达摩尊者可有一位女居士弟子——在家人，穿白衣，修梵行——因断尽五下分结而成为化生者，在那里般涅槃，不再从那个世界回来的吗？”“瓦差，不是一百位而已，不是两百位、三百位、四百位或五百位而已，而是更多女居士——我的弟子，在家人，穿白衣，修梵行——因断尽五下分结而成为化生者，在那里般涅槃，不再从那个世界回来的。”
‘‘Tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhū, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhuniyo, tiṭṭhantu upāsakā gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino, tiṭṭhantu upāsakā gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino. Atthi pana bhoto gotamassa ekupāsikāpi sāvikā gihinī odātavasanā brahmacārinī yā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātikā tattha parinibbāyinī anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, vaccha, ekaṃyeva sataṃ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni, atha kho bhiyyova yā upāsikā mama sāvikā gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātikā tattha parinibbāyiniyo anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā’’ti.
10“乔达摩尊者且不说，比丘们也且不说，比丘尼们也且不说，那些在家、穿白衣、修梵行的男居士们也且不说，那些在家、穿白衣、享受欲乐的男居士们也且不说，那些在家、穿白衣、修梵行的女居士们也且不说。乔达摩尊者可有一位女居士弟子——在家人，穿白衣，享受欲乐——依教奉行、遵从教导，已度疑惑，离犹豫，得无畏，在导师的教法中不依他而住的吗？”“瓦差，不是一百位而已，不是两百位、三百位、四百位或五百位而已，而是更多女居士——我的弟子，在家人，穿白衣，享受欲乐——依教奉行、遵从教导，已度疑惑，离犹豫，得无畏，在导师的教法中不依他而住的。”
‘‘Tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhū, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhuniyo, tiṭṭhantu upāsakā gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino, tiṭṭhantu upāsakā gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino, tiṭṭhantu upāsikā gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo. Atthi pana bhoto gotamassa ekupāsikāpi sāvikā gihinī odātavasanā kāmabhoginī sāsanakarā ovādappaṭikarā yā tiṇṇavicikicchā vigatakathaṃkathā vesārajjappattā aparappaccayā satthusāsane viharatī’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, vaccha, ekaṃyeva sataṃ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni, atha kho bhiyyova yā upāsikā mama sāvikā gihiniyo odātavasanā kāmabhoginiyo sāsanakarā ovādappaṭikarā tiṇṇavicchikicchā vigatakathaṃkathā vesārajjappattā aparappaccayā satthusāsane viharantī’’ti.
196“乔达摩尊者，如果只有乔达摩尊者本人成就了此法，而比丘们没有成就，那么这梵行在那方面就不算圆满。既然乔达摩尊者，乔达摩尊者本人成就了此法，比丘们也成就了，那么这梵行在那方面就是圆满的。
‘‘Sace hi, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavaṃyeva gotamo ārādhako abhavissa, no ca kho bhikkhū ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu ; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ abhavissa tenaṅgena. Yasmā ca kho, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako bhikkhū ca ārādhakā; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ tenaṅgena.
12“乔达摩尊者，如果只有乔达摩尊者本人和比丘们成就了此法，而比丘尼们没有成就，那么这梵行在那方面就不算圆满。既然乔达摩尊者，乔达摩尊者本人成就了此法，比丘们也成就了，比丘尼们也成就了，那么这梵行在那方面就是圆满的。”
‘‘Sace hi, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako abhavissa, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, no ca kho bhikkhuniyo ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ abhavissa tenaṅgena. Yasmā ca kho, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ tenaṅgena.
13乔达摩尊者，假如您的这个法，只有您自己成就了，比丘们也成就了，比丘尼们也成就了，但在家白衣、行梵行的男居士们却没有成就——那这个梵行，从这一面来看就是不圆满的。可是，乔达摩尊者，正因为您的这个法，不但您自己成就了，比丘们也成就了，比丘尼们也成就了，而且在家的白衣、行梵行的男居士们也成就了，所以这个梵行，从这一面来看才是圆满的。
‘‘Sace hi, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako abhavissa, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu, no ca kho upāsakā gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ abhavissa tenaṅgena. Yasmā ca kho, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ tenaṅgena.
14乔达摩尊者，假如您的这个法，只有您自己成就了，比丘们也成就了，比丘尼们也成就了，在家白衣、行梵行的男居士们也成就了，但在家白衣、享受欲乐的男居士们却没有成就——那这个梵行，从这一面来看就是不圆满的。可是，乔达摩尊者，正因为您的这个法，不但您自己成就了，比丘们也成就了，比丘尼们也成就了，在家白衣、行梵行的男居士们也成就了，而且在家白衣、享受欲乐的男居士们也成就了，所以这个梵行，从这一面来看才是圆满的。
‘‘Sace hi, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako abhavissa, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, no ca kho upāsakā gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ abhavissa tenaṅgena. Yasmā ca kho, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino ārādhakā; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ tenaṅgena.
15乔达摩尊者，假如您的这个法，只有您自己成就了，比丘们也成就了，比丘尼们也成就了，在家白衣、行梵行的男居士们也成就了，在家白衣、享受欲乐的男居士们也成就了，但在家白衣、行梵行的女居士们却没有成就——那这个梵行，从这一面来看就是不圆满的。可是，乔达摩尊者，正因为您的这个法，不但您自己成就了，比丘们也成就了，比丘尼们也成就了，在家白衣、行梵行的男居士们也成就了，在家白衣、享受欲乐的男居士们也成就了，而且在家白衣、行梵行的女居士们也成就了，所以这个梵行，从这一面来看才是圆满的。
‘‘Sace hi, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako abhavissa, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, no ca kho upāsikā gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ abhavissa tenaṅgena. Yasmā ca kho, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino ārādhakā , upāsikā ca gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo ārādhikā; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ tenaṅgena.
16乔达摩尊者，假如您的这个法，只有您自己成就了，比丘们也成就了，比丘尼们也成就了，在家白衣、行梵行的男居士们也成就了，在家白衣、享受欲乐的男居士们也成就了，在家白衣、行梵行的女居士们也成就了，但在家白衣、享受欲乐的女居士们却没有成就——那这个梵行，从这一面来看就是不圆满的。可是，乔达摩尊者，正因为您的这个法，不但您自己成就了，比丘们也成就了，比丘尼们也成就了，在家白衣、行梵行的男居士们也成就了，在家白衣、享受欲乐的男居士们也成就了，在家白衣、行梵行的女居士们也成就了，而且在家白衣、享受欲乐的女居士们也成就了，所以这个梵行，从这一面来看才是圆满的。
‘‘Sace hi, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako abhavissa, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, upāsikā ca gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu, no ca kho upāsikā gihiniyo odātavasanā kāmabhoginiyo ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ abhavissa tenaṅgena. Yasmā ca kho, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino ārādhakā, upāsikā ca gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo ārādhikā, upāsikā ca gihiniyo odātavasanā kāmabhoginiyo ārādhikā; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ tenaṅgena.
197乔达摩尊者，就好像恒河之水，流向大海、趋向大海、倾向大海，一到达大海就停住了。同样地，乔达摩尊者的这个僧团，包括在家众与出家众，也趣向于涅槃、倾向于涅槃、朝向于涅槃，到达涅槃而住立。太殊胜了，乔达摩尊者！……我从今以后，归依乔达摩尊者，归依法，归依比丘僧团。愿我能在乔达摩尊者的座下出家，受具足戒。”“瓦差，一个之前是外道的人，如果想在这个法和律中出家、受具足戒，他需要别住四个月。四个月期满之后，对他心生满意的比丘们就为他剃度，授与具足戒，使他成为比丘。不过，在这里我也知道众生的根性是有差别的。”“尊者，如果之前是外道的人，想在这个法和律中出家、受具足戒，需要别住四个月，四个月期满后，对他心生满意的比丘们就为他剃度，授与具足戒，使他成为比丘——那我愿意别住四年！四年期满之后，请对我心生满意的比丘们为我剃度，授与具足戒，使我成为比丘。”游方者瓦差便在世尊的座下出了家，受了具足戒。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, gaṅgā nadī samuddaninnā samuddapoṇā samuddapabbhārā samuddaṃ āhacca tiṭṭhati, evamevāyaṃ bhoto gotamassa parisā sagahaṭṭhapabbajitā nibbānaninnā nibbānapoṇā nibbānapabbhārā nibbānaṃ āhacca tiṭṭhati. Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Labheyyāhaṃ bhoto gotamassa santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada’’nti . ‘‘Yo kho, vaccha, aññatitthiyapubbo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhati pabbajjaṃ, ākaṅkhati upasampadaṃ, so cattāro māse parivasati. Catunnaṃ māsānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājenti upasampādenti bhikkhubhāvāya; api ca mettha puggalavemattatā viditā’’ti. ‘‘Sace, bhante, aññatitthiyapubbā imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhantā pabbajjaṃ, ākaṅkhantā upasampadaṃ cattāro māse parivasanti, catunnaṃ māsānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājenti upasampādenti bhikkhubhāvāya; ahaṃ cattāri vassāni parivasissāmi. Catunnaṃ vassānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājentu upasampādentu bhikkhubhāvāyā’’ti. Alattha kho vacchagotto paribbājako bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ alattha upasampadaṃ.
18具寿瓦差受具足戒后不久，刚过半个月，就来到世尊那里。他走近世尊，向世尊行礼后，坐在一边。坐在一边的具寿瓦差对世尊这样说：“尊者，一个作为学人所应达到的知见、作为学人所应证得的明了，那些我都已经达到了。请世尊为我进一步开示法。”“那么，瓦差，你就在这两个法上进一步修习：止与观。瓦差，这两个法——止与观——进一步修习之后，将会引导你通达种种的界。”
Acirūpasampanno kho panāyasmā vacchagotto addhamāsūpasampanno yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā vacchagotto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yāvatakaṃ, bhante, sekhena ñāṇena sekhāya vijjāya pattabbaṃ, anuppattaṃ taṃ mayā; uttari ca me bhagavā dhammaṃ desetū’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, vaccha, dve dhamme uttari bhāvehi – samathañca vipassanañca. Ime kho te, vaccha, dve dhammā uttari bhāvitā – samatho ca vipassanā ca – anekadhātupaṭivedhāya saṃvattissanti.
198瓦差，只要你希望：‘我应当亲身经历种种神通变化：即便是一个身体，也能变成多个；多个身体，也能变成一个；能显现出来，也能隐没不见；能毫无障碍地穿墙、穿壁、穿山，就像在空中行走一样；能在大地中沉下去又浮上来，如同在水中一样；能在水上行走不会沉没，就像走在大地上；能在空中盘腿而行，如同长着翅膀的鸟；能用手触摸、抚弄如此有巨大神通、巨大威力的太阳和月亮；乃至能用身体在梵天世界自在施展力用。’那么，只要有合适的机会，要亲自验证这些，你都会有这个能力。
‘‘So tvaṃ, vaccha, yāvadeva ākaṅkhissasi – ‘anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhaveyyaṃ – ekopi hutvā bahudhā assaṃ, bahudhāpi hutvā eko assaṃ; āvibhāvaṃ, tirobhāvaṃ; tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gaccheyyaṃ, seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ kareyyaṃ, seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gaccheyyaṃ, seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kameyyaṃ, seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parimaseyyaṃ, parimajjeyyaṃ; yāvabrahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteyya’nti, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇissasi, sati satiāyatane.
20瓦差，只要你希望：‘我应当以清净、超越常人的天耳界，同时听到两类声音——天界的声音和人界的声音，不论它们是远是近。’那么，只要有合适的机会，要亲自验证这个，你都会有这个能力。
‘‘So tvaṃ, vaccha, yāvadeva ākaṅkhissasi – ‘dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇeyyaṃ – dibbe ca mānuse ca, ye dūre santike cā’ti, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇissasi, sati satiāyatane.
21瓦差，只要你希望：‘我应当以自己的心了知其他众生、其他人的心：了知有贪的心就是有贪的心，离贪的心就是离贪的心；了知有嗔的心就是有嗔的心，离嗔的心就是离嗔的心；了知有痴的心就是有痴的心，离痴的心就是离痴的心；了知收摄的心就是收摄的心，散乱的心就是散乱的心；了知广大的心就是广大的心，不广大的心就是不广大的心；了知有上的心就是有上的心，无上的心就是无上的心；了知得定的心就是得定的心，未得定的心就是未得定的心；了知解脱的心就是解脱的心，未解脱的心就是未解脱的心。’那么，只要有合适的机会，要亲自验证这个，你都会有这个能力。
‘‘So tvaṃ, vaccha, yāvadeva ākaṅkhissasi – ‘parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajāneyyaṃ – sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ sarāgaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, vītarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ vītarāgaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; sadosaṃ vā cittaṃ sadosaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, vītadosaṃ vā cittaṃ vītadosaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; samohaṃ vā cittaṃ samohaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, vītamohaṃ vā cittaṃ vītamohaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; saṃkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ saṃkhittaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ vikkhittaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; mahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ mahaggataṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, amahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ amahaggataṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; sauttaraṃ vā cittaṃ sauttaraṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, anuttaraṃ vā cittaṃ anuttaraṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; samāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ samāhitaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ asamāhitaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; vimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ vimuttaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ avimuttaṃ cittanti pajāneyya’nti, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇissasi, sati satiāyatane.
22瓦差，只要你希望：‘我应当回忆种种过去世的住处，例如：一生、两生、三生、四生、五生、十生、二十生、三十生、四十生、五十生、一百生、一千生、十万生；许多坏劫、许多成劫、许多成坏劫。在那里，我曾有这样的名字、这样的族姓、这样的容貌、这样的食物、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿命长短。从那里死亡后，我又投生到某处；在那里，我又有了这样的名字、这样的族姓、这样的容貌、这样的食物、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿命长短。从那里死亡后，我又投生到这里。’像这样，能带着具体特征和细节回忆种种过去世的住处。那么，只要有合适的机会，要亲自验证这个，你都会有这个能力。
‘‘So tvaṃ, vaccha, yāvadeva ākaṅkhissasi – ‘anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussareyyaṃ, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi; anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe – amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapannoti; iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussareyya’nti, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇissasi, sati satiāyatane.
23瓦差，只要你希望：‘我应当以清净、超越常人的天眼，看见众生正在死亡、正在投生，是低劣还是高贵，是美丽还是丑陋，是去善处还是去恶处，并能了知众生都是随业而往生：这些贤者，身行恶行、语行恶行、意行恶行，诽谤圣者，持有邪见，造作邪见之业，他们在身体崩坏、死亡之后，投生到苦处、恶趣、堕落处、地狱；而这些贤者，身行善行、语行善行、意行善行，不诽谤圣者，持有正见，造作正见之业，他们在身体崩坏、死亡之后，投生到善趣、天界。’像这样，以清净、超越常人的天眼，看见众生正在死亡、正在投生，是低劣还是高贵，是美丽还是丑陋，是去善处还是去恶处，并能了知众生都是随业而往生。那么，只要有合适的机会，要亲自验证这个，你都会有这个能力。
‘‘So tvaṃ, vaccha, yāvadeva ākaṅkhissasi – ‘dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passeyyaṃ cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajāneyyaṃ – ime vata bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā; ime vā pana bhonto sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannāti; iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passeyyaṃ cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajāneyya’nti, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇissasi, sati satiāyatane.
24瓦差，只要你希望：‘我应当由灭尽诸漏，在现法中以自己的智慧亲自作证、具足并安住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。’那么，只要有合适的机会，要亲自验证这个，你都会有这个能力。
‘‘So tvaṃ, vaccha, yāvadeva ākaṅkhissasi – ‘āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihareyya’nti, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇissasi, sati satiāyatane’’ti.
199那时，瓦差尊者随喜、认可了世尊所说的话后，从座位起身，向世尊作礼，右绕之后便离开了。之后，瓦差尊者独自隐居，不放逸、精进、坚定而住。不久之后，便亲自以证智体证并安住于那无上的梵行终极——这正是良家子弟正确地离家而出家的目的所在。他彻知：‘生已尽，梵行已立，应作已作，不再有来生。’瓦差尊者成为了阿拉汉中的一位。
Atha kho āyasmā vacchagotto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho āyasmā vacchagotto eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro kho panāyasmā vacchagotto arahataṃ ahosi.
200那时，正好有一群比丘要去拜见世尊。瓦差尊者远远地看见这些比丘正走过来。看到之后，他便走向那些比丘；走近后，对那些比丘这样说：‘嗨！各位尊者，你们这是要去哪里啊？’‘朋友，我们要去拜见世尊。’‘那么，各位尊者，请代我以头面礼敬世尊的双足，并这样说：“尊者，瓦差比丘以头面顶礼世尊的双足，并这样说：世尊已被我完全侍奉，善逝已被我完全侍奉。”’‘好的，朋友。’那些比丘回应了瓦差尊者。接着，那些比丘就去到世尊那里；走近后，向世尊作礼，坐在一旁。坐在一旁后，那些比丘对世尊这样说：‘尊者，瓦差尊者以头面顶礼世尊的双足，并这样说：“世尊已被我完全侍奉，善逝已被我完全侍奉。”’‘比丘们，我之前就已经以心洞察瓦差比丘的心而知道了：“瓦差比丘是一位三明者，有大神通、大威力。”连天神们也告诉了我这件事：“尊者，瓦差比丘是一位三明者，有大神通、大威力。”’
Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ dassanāya gacchanti. Addasā kho āyasmā vacchagotto te bhikkhū dūratova āgacchante. Disvāna yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘handa! Kahaṃ pana tumhe āyasmanto gacchathā’’ti? ‘‘Bhagavantaṃ kho mayaṃ, āvuso, dassanāya gacchāmā’’ti . ‘‘Tenahāyasmanto mama vacanena bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatha, evañca vadetha – ‘vacchagotto, bhante, bhikkhu bhagavato pāde sirasā vandati, evañca vadeti – pariciṇṇo me bhagavā, pariciṇṇo me sugato’’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato vacchagottassa paccassosuṃ. Atha kho te bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘āyasmā, bhante, vacchagotto bhagavato pāde sirasā vandati, evañca vadeti – ‘pariciṇṇo me bhagavā, pariciṇṇo me sugato’’’ti. ‘‘Pubbeva me, bhikkhave, vacchagotto bhikkhu cetasā ceto paricca vidito – ‘tevijjo vacchagotto bhikkhu mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo’ti. Devatāpi me etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ – ‘tevijjo, bhante, vacchagotto bhikkhu mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo’’’ti.
27这是世尊所说。那些比丘满心欢喜，对世尊所说的话随喜赞叹。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
28大瓦差经完 第三
Mahāvacchasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.