MN 73 · 大瓦差经
193如是我闻：一时，世尊住王舍城竹林迦兰陀园。那时，游方者婆蹉来到世尊处，与世尊互致问候。彼此叙谈了悦意、可忆念的话语后，在一旁坐下。坐在一旁的游方者婆蹉对世尊说：“尊者乔达摩，长久以来，我一直与您交谈。如果乔达摩尊者能为我简要地开示善与不善，那就太好了。”“婆蹉，我可以为你简要地开示善与不善，也可以详尽地开示；不过，婆蹉，我现在就为你简要开示。你仔细听，善加作意，我这就说。”“好的，尊者。”游方者婆蹉回答世尊。世尊这样说道：
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho vacchagotto paribbājako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho vacchagotto paribbājako bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘dīgharattāhaṃ bhotā gotamena sahakathī. Sādhu me bhavaṃ gotamo saṃkhittena kusalākusalaṃ desetū’’ti. ‘‘Saṃkhittenapi kho te ahaṃ, vaccha, kusalākusalaṃ deseyyaṃ, vitthārenapi kho te ahaṃ, vaccha, kusalākusalaṃ deseyyaṃ; api ca te ahaṃ, vaccha, saṃkhittena kusalākusalaṃ desessāmi. Taṃ suṇāhi, sādhukaṃ manasi karohi, bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho vacchagotto paribbājako bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca –
194“婆蹉，贪是不善，无贪是善；嗔是不善，无嗔是善；痴是不善，无痴是善。婆蹉，如此，这三法为不善，这三法为善。
‘‘Lobho kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, alobho kusalaṃ; doso kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, adoso kusalaṃ; moho kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, amoho kusalaṃ. Iti kho, vaccha, ime tayo dhammā akusalā, tayo dhammā kusalā.
3“婆蹉，杀生是不善，远离杀生是善；不予而取是不善，远离不予而取是善；邪淫是不善，远离邪淫是善；妄语是不善，远离妄语是善；离间语是不善，远离离间语是善；粗恶语是不善，远离粗恶语是善；杂秽语是不善，远离杂秽语是善；贪欲是不善，远离贪欲是善；嗔恚是不善，远离嗔恚是善；邪见是不善，远离邪见是善。婆蹉，如此，此十法为不善，此十法为善。”
‘‘Pāṇātipāto kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, pāṇātipātā veramaṇī kusalaṃ; adinnādānaṃ kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, adinnādānā veramaṇī kusalaṃ; kāmesumicchācāro kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī kusalaṃ; musāvādo kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, musāvādā veramaṇī kusalaṃ; pisuṇā vācā kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ , pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī kusalaṃ; pharusā vācā kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī kusalaṃ; samphappalāpo kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, samphappalāpā veramaṇī kusalaṃ; abhijjhā kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, anabhijjhā kusalaṃ; byāpādo kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ, abyāpādo kusalaṃ; micchādiṭṭhi kho, vaccha, akusalaṃ sammādiṭṭhi kusalaṃ. Iti kho, vaccha, ime dasa dhammā akusalā, dasa dhammā kusalā.
4“婆蹉，当一位比丘彻底断除渴爱，将它连根拔起，砍去树端，如截断的棕榈树一般，归于无有，未来不再生起；那时，这位比丘便是一位阿拉汉、漏尽者、梵行已立者、应作已作者、卸下重担者、抵达究竟目标者、断尽有之结缚者、因完全了知而获得解脱者。”
‘‘Yato kho, vaccha, bhikkhuno taṇhā pahīnā hoti ucchinnamūlā tālāvatthukatā anabhāvaṃkatā āyatiṃ anuppādadhammā, so hoti bhikkhu arahaṃ khīṇāsavo vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojano sammadaññā vimutto’’ti.
195且先不谈您自身，乔达摩尊者。在您座下，可曾有过哪怕一位比丘弟子，由灭尽诸漏，于现法中亲自以胜智证得无漏的心解脱、慧解脱，并安住其中？”“婆蹉，不止一百位，不止两百位，不止三百位，不止四百位，不止五百位，而是远远更多。那些作为我弟子的比丘们，皆由灭尽诸漏，于现法中亲自以胜智证得无漏的心解脱、慧解脱，并安住其中。”
‘‘Tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo. Atthi pana te bhoto gotamassa ekabhikkhupi sāvako yo āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, vaccha, ekaṃyeva sataṃ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni, atha kho bhiyyova ye bhikkhū mama sāvakā āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharantī’’ti.
6暂且不谈您自己，也不谈那些比丘。在您座下，可曾有过哪怕一位作为弟子的比丘尼，是通过灭尽一切烦恼，就在当下、亲身以智慧体证并安住于那无漏的心解脱、智慧解脱之中？”“婆蹉，可不只一百位、不只两百位、不只三百位、不只四百位、不只五百位，而是远比这更多，那些作为我弟子的比丘尼们，她们都通过灭尽一切烦恼，就在当下、亲身以智慧体证并安住于那无漏的心解脱、智慧解脱之中。
‘‘Tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhū. Atthi pana bhoto gotamassa ekā bhikkhunīpi sāvikā yā āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, vaccha, ekaṃyeva sataṃ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni, atha kho bhiyyova yā bhikkhuniyo mama sāvikā āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharantī’’ti.
7且不说乔达摩尊者，且不说比丘众，且不说比丘尼众。乔达摩尊者可有哪怕一位优婆塞弟子——白衣在家、修持梵行，因断尽五下分结，化生彼处、于彼般涅槃、不还此世间——的吗？” “婆蹉，不唯百数，不只两百、三百、四百、五百，更有众多优婆塞——我白衣在家、修持梵行的弟子——因断尽五下分结，化生彼处、于彼般涅槃、不还此世间。”
‘‘Tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhū, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhuniyo. Atthi pana bhoto gotamassa ekupāsakopi sāvako gihī odātavasano brahmacārī yo pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātiko tattha parinibbāyī anāvattidhammo tasmā lokā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, vaccha, ekaṃyeva sataṃ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni, atha kho bhiyyova ye upāsakā mama sāvakā gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātikā tattha parinibbāyino anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā’’ti.
8且不说乔达摩尊者，且不说比丘众，且不说比丘尼众，也不说那些白衣在家、修持梵行的优婆塞。乔达摩尊者可有哪怕一位优婆塞弟子——白衣在家、受用欲乐，依教奉行、遵从教诫，已超越疑惑，断除犹豫，得达无畏，于导师教法中不依于他而安住——的吗？” “婆蹉，不唯百数，不只两百、三百、四百、五百，更有众多优婆塞——我白衣在家、受用欲乐的弟子——依教奉行、遵从教诫，已超越疑惑，断除犹豫，得达无畏，于导师教法中不依于他而安住。”
‘‘Tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhū, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhuniyo, tiṭṭhantu upāsakā gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino. Atthi pana bhoto gotamassa ekupāsakopi sāvako gihī odātavasano kāmabhogī sāsanakaro ovādappaṭikaro yo tiṇṇavicikiccho vigatakathaṃkatho vesārajjappatto aparappaccayo satthusāsane viharatī’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, vaccha, ekaṃyeva sataṃ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni , atha kho bhiyyova ye upāsakā mama sāvakā gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino sāsanakarā ovādappaṭikarā tiṇṇavicikicchā vigatakathaṃkathā vesārajjappattā aparappaccayā satthusāsane viharantī’’ti.
9暂且不论乔达摩尊者，暂且不论比丘们，暂且不论比丘尼们，暂且不论那些在家、着白衣、修梵行的优婆塞，暂且不论那些在家、着白衣、受用欲乐的优婆塞。乔达摩尊者可有一位优婆夷弟子——在家、着白衣、修梵行——因断尽五下分结，成为化生者，于彼处般涅槃，不再从那个世界返回的吗？”“婆蹉，并非仅有一百位，并非两百位、三百位、四百位或五百位，而是远多于此的优婆夷——我的在家、着白衣、修梵行的女弟子——她们断尽五下分结，成为化生者，于彼处般涅槃，不再从那个世界返回。
‘‘Tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhū, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhuniyo, tiṭṭhantu upāsakā gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino, tiṭṭhantu upāsakā gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino. Atthi pana bhoto gotamassa ekupāsikāpi sāvikā gihinī odātavasanā brahmacārinī yā pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātikā tattha parinibbāyinī anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, vaccha, ekaṃyeva sataṃ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni, atha kho bhiyyova yā upāsikā mama sāvikā gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātikā tattha parinibbāyiniyo anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā’’ti.
10且不说乔达摩尊者，且不说比丘众，且不说比丘尼众，且不说那些在家、着白衣、行梵行的优婆塞，也不说那些在家、着白衣、受用欲乐的优婆塞，更不说那些在家、着白衣、行梵行的优婆夷。乔达摩尊者，可有一位在家、着白衣、受用欲乐的优婆夷女弟子，依教奉行，遵从教导，度越疑惑，离于犹豫，得无畏，于导师的教法中不依他而安住者？”“婆蹉，不止一百位，不止两百、三百、四百、五百位，而是更多在家、着白衣、受用欲乐的优婆夷——我的弟子，依教奉行，遵从教导，度越疑惑，离于犹豫，得无畏，于导师的教法中不依他而安住。
‘‘Tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhū, tiṭṭhantu bhikkhuniyo, tiṭṭhantu upāsakā gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino, tiṭṭhantu upāsakā gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino, tiṭṭhantu upāsikā gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo. Atthi pana bhoto gotamassa ekupāsikāpi sāvikā gihinī odātavasanā kāmabhoginī sāsanakarā ovādappaṭikarā yā tiṇṇavicikicchā vigatakathaṃkathā vesārajjappattā aparappaccayā satthusāsane viharatī’’ti? ‘‘Na kho, vaccha, ekaṃyeva sataṃ na dve satāni na tīṇi satāni na cattāri satāni na pañca satāni, atha kho bhiyyova yā upāsikā mama sāvikā gihiniyo odātavasanā kāmabhoginiyo sāsanakarā ovādappaṭikarā tiṇṇavicchikicchā vigatakathaṃkathā vesārajjappattā aparappaccayā satthusāsane viharantī’’ti.
196乔达摩尊者，倘若仅乔达摩尊者本人成就此法，而比丘众未曾成就，那么在这一方面，梵行便不圆满。正因为乔达摩尊者本人成就此法，比丘众亦成就，以此因缘，梵行方为圆满。
‘‘Sace hi, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavaṃyeva gotamo ārādhako abhavissa, no ca kho bhikkhū ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu ; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ abhavissa tenaṅgena. Yasmā ca kho, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako bhikkhū ca ārādhakā; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ tenaṅgena.
12“乔达摩尊者，倘若仅乔达摩尊者本人与比丘众成就此法，而比丘尼众未曾成就，那么在这一方面，梵行便不圆满。正因为乔达摩尊者本人成就此法，比丘众亦成就，比丘尼众亦成就，以此因缘，梵行方为圆满。”
‘‘Sace hi, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako abhavissa, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, no ca kho bhikkhuniyo ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ abhavissa tenaṅgena. Yasmā ca kho, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ tenaṅgena.
13乔达摩尊者，假如您的这个法，只有您自己成就，比丘们成就，比丘尼们成就，而在家白衣行梵行的优婆塞们没有成就——那么，这个梵行以这一面而言便是不圆满的。然而，乔达摩尊者，正因为您的这个法，不但您自己成就，比丘们成就，比丘尼们成就，在家白衣行梵行的优婆塞们也成就，所以这个梵行以这一面而言才是圆满的。
‘‘Sace hi, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako abhavissa, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu, no ca kho upāsakā gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ abhavissa tenaṅgena. Yasmā ca kho, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ tenaṅgena.
14乔达摩尊者，假如您的这个法，只有您自己成就，比丘们成就，比丘尼们成就，在家白衣行梵行的优婆塞们成就，而在家白衣享受欲乐的优婆塞们没有成就——那么，这个梵行以这一面而言便是不圆满的。然而，乔达摩尊者，正因为您的这个法，不但您自己成就，比丘们成就，比丘尼们成就，在家白衣行梵行的优婆塞们成就，在家白衣享受欲乐的优婆塞们也成就，所以这个梵行以这一面而言才是圆满的。
‘‘Sace hi, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako abhavissa, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, no ca kho upāsakā gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ abhavissa tenaṅgena. Yasmā ca kho, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino ārādhakā; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ tenaṅgena.
15乔达摩尊者，假如您的这个法，只有您自己成就，比丘们成就，比丘尼们成就，在家白衣行梵行的优婆塞们成就，在家白衣享受欲乐的优婆塞们成就，而在家白衣行梵行的优婆夷们没有成就——那么，这个梵行以这一面而言便是不圆满的。然而，乔达摩尊者，正因为您的这个法，不但您自己成就，比丘们成就，比丘尼们成就，在家白衣行梵行的优婆塞们成就，在家白衣享受欲乐的优婆塞们成就，在家白衣行梵行的优婆夷们也成就，所以这个梵行以这一面而言才是圆满的。
‘‘Sace hi, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako abhavissa, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, no ca kho upāsikā gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ abhavissa tenaṅgena. Yasmā ca kho, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino ārādhakā , upāsikā ca gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo ārādhikā; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ tenaṅgena.
16乔达摩尊者，假如您的这个法，只有您自己成就了，比丘们也成就了，比丘尼们也成就了，在家白衣、行梵行的优婆塞们也成就了，在家白衣、受用欲乐的优婆塞们也成就了，在家白衣、行梵行的优婆夷们也成就了，而在家白衣、受用欲乐的优婆夷们却未能成就——那么，从这一面看，这梵行便是不圆满的。然而，乔达摩尊者，正因为在您的这个法中，您自己成就了，比丘们也成就了，比丘尼们也成就了，在家白衣、行梵行的优婆塞们也成就了，在家白衣、受用欲乐的优婆塞们也成就了，在家白衣、行梵行的优婆夷们也成就了，在家白衣、受用欲乐的优婆夷们也同样成就了，所以，从这一面看，这梵行才是圆满的。
‘‘Sace hi, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako abhavissa, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino ārādhakā abhavissaṃsu, upāsikā ca gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu, no ca kho upāsikā gihiniyo odātavasanā kāmabhoginiyo ārādhikā abhavissaṃsu; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ aparipūraṃ abhavissa tenaṅgena. Yasmā ca kho, bho gotama, imaṃ dhammaṃ bhavañceva gotamo ārādhako, bhikkhū ca ārādhakā, bhikkhuniyo ca ārādhikā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā brahmacārino ārādhakā, upāsakā ca gihī odātavasanā kāmabhogino ārādhakā, upāsikā ca gihiniyo odātavasanā brahmacāriniyo ārādhikā, upāsikā ca gihiniyo odātavasanā kāmabhoginiyo ārādhikā; evamidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paripūraṃ tenaṅgena.
197乔达摩尊者，正如恒河之水流向大海、趋入大海、倾向大海，汇入大海后便停住不动；同样地，乔达摩尊者的这个僧团——包括在家众与出家众——也流向涅槃、趋入涅槃、倾向涅槃，抵达涅槃而安住。真是殊胜啊，乔达摩尊者！……我从今日起，皈依乔达摩尊者，皈依法，皈依比丘僧团。愿我能在乔达摩尊者座下出家，受具足戒。‘婆蹉，一个先前是外道的人，如果想在此法与律中出家、受具足戒，需要经历四个月的别住。四个月期满后，对他心生满意的比丘们便为他剃度，授予具足戒，使他成为比丘。不过，在此我也了知众生的根性是有差别的。’‘尊者，如果先前是外道的人，想在此法与律中出家、受具足戒，需要经历四个月的别住，四个月期满后，对他心生满意的比丘们便为他剃度，授予具足戒，使他成为比丘——那我愿意别住四年！四年期满之后，请对我心生满意的比丘们为我剃度，授予具足戒，使我成为比丘。’游方者婆蹉便在世尊座下出家，受了具足戒。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, gaṅgā nadī samuddaninnā samuddapoṇā samuddapabbhārā samuddaṃ āhacca tiṭṭhati, evamevāyaṃ bhoto gotamassa parisā sagahaṭṭhapabbajitā nibbānaninnā nibbānapoṇā nibbānapabbhārā nibbānaṃ āhacca tiṭṭhati. Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama…pe… esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Labheyyāhaṃ bhoto gotamassa santike pabbajjaṃ, labheyyaṃ upasampada’’nti . ‘‘Yo kho, vaccha, aññatitthiyapubbo imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhati pabbajjaṃ, ākaṅkhati upasampadaṃ, so cattāro māse parivasati. Catunnaṃ māsānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājenti upasampādenti bhikkhubhāvāya; api ca mettha puggalavemattatā viditā’’ti. ‘‘Sace, bhante, aññatitthiyapubbā imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ākaṅkhantā pabbajjaṃ, ākaṅkhantā upasampadaṃ cattāro māse parivasanti, catunnaṃ māsānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājenti upasampādenti bhikkhubhāvāya; ahaṃ cattāri vassāni parivasissāmi. Catunnaṃ vassānaṃ accayena āraddhacittā bhikkhū pabbājentu upasampādentu bhikkhubhāvāyā’’ti. Alattha kho vacchagotto paribbājako bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ alattha upasampadaṃ.
18具寿婆蹉受具足戒不久，刚过半月，便来至世尊所。他走近世尊，向世尊行礼后，退坐一面。退坐一面的具寿婆蹉对世尊这样说：“尊者，凡是以有学的智慧、有学的明达所应达到的，我皆已达到。请世尊再为我开示法义。”“那么，婆蹉，你就在这两个法上进一步修习：止与观。婆蹉，这两个法——止与观——进一步修习之后，将会引导你通达种种的界。”
Acirūpasampanno kho panāyasmā vacchagotto addhamāsūpasampanno yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā vacchagotto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yāvatakaṃ, bhante, sekhena ñāṇena sekhāya vijjāya pattabbaṃ, anuppattaṃ taṃ mayā; uttari ca me bhagavā dhammaṃ desetū’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi tvaṃ, vaccha, dve dhamme uttari bhāvehi – samathañca vipassanañca. Ime kho te, vaccha, dve dhammā uttari bhāvitā – samatho ca vipassanā ca – anekadhātupaṭivedhāya saṃvattissanti.
198婆蹉，只要你有这样的意愿：‘我愿亲身体验种种神通变化：能以一身化为多身，以多身合为一身；能显现，也能隐没；能毫无障碍地穿墙、过壁、越山，如同行于虚空；能于大地之中沉下浮起，如同在水里；能行于水面而不沉没，如履大地；能于空中跏趺游走，如同有翼之鸟；能以手触摸、摩挲这般具有大神力、大威德的日月；乃至能以自身在梵天世界自在施展神力。’那么，只要机缘合适，若要亲证这些，你都能拥有那样的能力。
‘‘So tvaṃ, vaccha, yāvadeva ākaṅkhissasi – ‘anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhaveyyaṃ – ekopi hutvā bahudhā assaṃ, bahudhāpi hutvā eko assaṃ; āvibhāvaṃ, tirobhāvaṃ; tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gaccheyyaṃ, seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ kareyyaṃ, seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gaccheyyaṃ, seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kameyyaṃ, seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃmahiddhike evaṃmahānubhāve pāṇinā parimaseyyaṃ, parimajjeyyaṃ; yāvabrahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteyya’nti, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇissasi, sati satiāyatane.
20婆蹉，不论何时，只要你愿意——‘愿我以清净、超越凡人的天耳界，听闻两种声音：天界的与人间的，无论其远其近。’那么，只要机缘相应，你便能在相应之处，有能力亲自验证此事。
‘‘So tvaṃ, vaccha, yāvadeva ākaṅkhissasi – ‘dibbāya sotadhātuyā visuddhāya atikkantamānusikāya ubho sadde suṇeyyaṃ – dibbe ca mānuse ca, ye dūre santike cā’ti, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇissasi, sati satiāyatane.
21婆蹉，不论何时，只要你愿意——‘愿我以自心了知其余众生、其余人的心：如实了知有贪之心为“有贪之心”，离贪之心为“离贪之心”；如实了知有嗔之心为“有嗔之心”，离嗔之心为“离嗔之心”；如实了知有痴之心为“有痴之心”，离痴之心为“离痴之心”；如实了知昏沉之心为“昏沉之心”，散乱之心为“散乱之心”；如实了知广大之心为“广大之心”，非广大之心为“非广大之心”；如实了知有上之心为“有上之心”，无上之心为“无上之心”；如实了知得定之心为“得定之心”，未得定之心为“未得定之心”；如实了知解脱之心为“解脱之心”，未解脱之心为“未解脱之心”。’那么，只要机缘相应，你便能在相应之处，有能力亲自验证此事。
‘‘So tvaṃ, vaccha, yāvadeva ākaṅkhissasi – ‘parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajāneyyaṃ – sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ sarāgaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, vītarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ vītarāgaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; sadosaṃ vā cittaṃ sadosaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, vītadosaṃ vā cittaṃ vītadosaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; samohaṃ vā cittaṃ samohaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, vītamohaṃ vā cittaṃ vītamohaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; saṃkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ saṃkhittaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ vikkhittaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; mahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ mahaggataṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, amahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ amahaggataṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; sauttaraṃ vā cittaṃ sauttaraṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, anuttaraṃ vā cittaṃ anuttaraṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; samāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ samāhitaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ asamāhitaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ; vimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ vimuttaṃ cittanti pajāneyyaṃ, avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ avimuttaṃ cittanti pajāneyya’nti, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇissasi, sati satiāyatane.
22婆蹉，只要你希望：‘我应当回忆种种过去世的住处，即一生、两生、三生、四生、五生、十生、二十生、三十生、四十生、五十生、一百生、一千生、十万生；种种坏劫、种种成劫、种种成坏劫。在那里，我曾有这样的名称、这样的族姓、这样的容貌、这样的食物、这样苦乐的感受、这样的寿量。从那里命终后，我又投生到彼处；在那里，我又有这样的名称、这样的族姓、这样的容貌、这样的食物、这样苦乐的感受、这样的寿量。从那里命终后，我又投生到这里。’像这样，能具足种种细节与特征，回忆种种过去世的住处。那么，只要因缘具足，你都将有能力亲自验证此事。
‘‘So tvaṃ, vaccha, yāvadeva ākaṅkhissasi – ‘anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussareyyaṃ, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi; anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe – amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapannoti; iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussareyya’nti, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇissasi, sati satiāyatane.
23婆蹉，只要你希望：‘我应当以清净、超越常人的天眼，观见众生正在命终、正在投生：低劣或高贵，美丽或丑陋，善趣或恶趣，并能了知众生随业而往生——这些众生，身行恶行、语行恶行、意行恶行，诽谤圣者，怀有邪见，造作邪见之业，他们在身体崩解、命终之后，投生到苦处、恶趣、堕落处、地狱；而这些众生，身行善行、语行善行、意行善行，不诽谤圣者，怀有正见，造作正见之业，他们在身体崩解、命终之后，投生到善趣、天界。’像这样，以清净、超越常人的天眼，观见众生正在命终、正在投生，低劣或高贵，美丽或丑陋，善趣或恶趣，并能了知众生随业而往生。那么，只要因缘具足，你都将有能力亲自验证此事。
‘‘So tvaṃ, vaccha, yāvadeva ākaṅkhissasi – ‘dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passeyyaṃ cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajāneyyaṃ – ime vata bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā; ime vā pana bhonto sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannāti; iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passeyyaṃ cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajāneyya’nti, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇissasi, sati satiāyatane.
24婆蹉，只要你希望：‘我应当由灭尽诸漏，在现法中以自己的智慧亲自作证、具足并安住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱。’那么，只要因缘具足，你都将有能力亲自验证此事。
‘‘So tvaṃ, vaccha, yāvadeva ākaṅkhissasi – ‘āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihareyya’nti, tatra tatreva sakkhibhabbataṃ pāpuṇissasi, sati satiāyatane’’ti.
199那时，婆蹉尊者对世尊的教说随喜认可，从座而起，礼敬世尊，右绕之后便离去了。其后，婆蹉尊者独自隐修，不放逸、精勤、坚定而住。不久，便以证智亲自体证并安住于无上梵行的究竟——这正是良家子弟如法离家、出家修行所追求的目标。他彻知：“生已尽，梵行已立，应作已作，不受后有。”婆蹉尊者成为阿罗汉中的一位。
Atha kho āyasmā vacchagotto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho āyasmā vacchagotto eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva – yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajanti tadanuttaraṃ – brahmacariyapariyosānaṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja vihāsi. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti abbhaññāsi. Aññataro kho panāyasmā vacchagotto arahataṃ ahosi.
200那时，正好有几位比丘要去拜见世尊。婆蹉尊者远远望见这些比丘走来，见后便走上前去，对他们说：“诸位尊者，你们要去哪里？”“贤友，我们要去拜见世尊。”“那么，诸位尊者，请代我以头面顶礼世尊双足，并禀告：‘尊者，婆蹉比丘以头面礼敬世尊双足，并这样说：世尊已被我全然侍奉，善逝已被我全然侍奉。’”“好的，贤友。”那些比丘应答婆蹉尊者。随后，那些比丘来到世尊那里，礼敬世尊后，坐在一旁。坐定后，他们便对世尊说：“尊者，婆蹉尊者以头面顶礼世尊双足，并这样说：‘世尊已被我全然侍奉，善逝已被我全然侍奉。’”“诸比丘，我先前已以心洞察婆蹉比丘的心，了知：‘婆蹉比丘是三明者，具有大神通、大威力。’天神也如此告知我：‘尊者，婆蹉比丘是三明者，具有大神通、大威力。’”
Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ dassanāya gacchanti. Addasā kho āyasmā vacchagotto te bhikkhū dūratova āgacchante. Disvāna yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavoca – ‘‘handa! Kahaṃ pana tumhe āyasmanto gacchathā’’ti? ‘‘Bhagavantaṃ kho mayaṃ, āvuso, dassanāya gacchāmā’’ti . ‘‘Tenahāyasmanto mama vacanena bhagavato pāde sirasā vandatha, evañca vadetha – ‘vacchagotto, bhante, bhikkhu bhagavato pāde sirasā vandati, evañca vadeti – pariciṇṇo me bhagavā, pariciṇṇo me sugato’’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato vacchagottassa paccassosuṃ. Atha kho te bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘āyasmā, bhante, vacchagotto bhagavato pāde sirasā vandati, evañca vadeti – ‘pariciṇṇo me bhagavā, pariciṇṇo me sugato’’’ti. ‘‘Pubbeva me, bhikkhave, vacchagotto bhikkhu cetasā ceto paricca vidito – ‘tevijjo vacchagotto bhikkhu mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo’ti. Devatāpi me etamatthaṃ ārocesuṃ – ‘tevijjo, bhante, vacchagotto bhikkhu mahiddhiko mahānubhāvo’’’ti.
27世尊如此宣说。那些比丘心满意足，对世尊的教说欢喜赞叹。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
28《大婆蹉经》第三终。
Mahāvacchasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.