MN 59 · 多受经
88如是我闻：一时，世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时，木匠般遮康嘎来到优陀夷尊者处，向尊者礼敬后，退坐一面。退坐一面已，木匠般遮康嘎对优陀夷尊者说：“优陀夷尊者，世尊说过有几种受？” “木匠，世尊说过三种受：乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受。木匠，这便是世尊所说的三种受。” 听毕，木匠般遮康嘎对优陀夷尊者说：“优陀夷尊者，世尊并未说过三种受，世尊说过两种受：乐受与苦受。尊者，这不苦不乐受，是世尊在寂静胜妙之乐中所说的。” 第二次，优陀夷尊者对木匠般遮康嘎说：“居士，世尊并未说过两种受，世尊说过三种受：乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受。木匠，这便是世尊所说的三种受。” 第二次，木匠般遮康嘎对优陀夷尊者说：“优陀夷尊者，世尊并未说过三种受，世尊说过两种受：乐受与苦受。尊者，这不苦不乐受，是世尊在寂静胜妙之乐中所说的。” 第三次，优陀夷尊者对木匠般遮康嘎说：“木匠，世尊并未说过两种受，世尊说过三种受：乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受。木匠，这便是世尊所说的三种受。” 第三次，木匠般遮康嘎对优陀夷尊者说：“优陀夷尊者，世尊并未说过三种受，世尊说过两种受：乐受与苦受。尊者，这不苦不乐受，是世尊在寂静胜妙之乐中所说的。” 优陀夷尊者未能令木匠般遮康嘎纳受其说，木匠般遮康嘎亦未能令优陀夷尊者纳受其说。
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho pañcakaṅgo thapati yenāyasmā udāyī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kati nu kho, bhante udāyi, vedanā vuttā bhagavatā’’ti? ‘‘Tisso kho, thapati , vedanā vuttā bhagavatā. Sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā – imā kho, thapati, tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘na kho, bhante udāyi, tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā; dve vedanā vuttā bhagavatā – sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā. Yāyaṃ, bhante, adukkhamasukhā vedanā santasmiṃ esā paṇīte sukhe vuttā bhagavatā’’ti. Dutiyampi kho āyasmā udāyī pañcakaṅgaṃ thapatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘na kho, gahapati, dve vedanā vuttā bhagavatā; tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā. Sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā – imā kho, thapati, tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā’’ti. Dutiyampi kho pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘na kho, bhante udāyi, tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā; dve vedanā vuttā bhagavatā – sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā. Yāyaṃ, bhante , adukkhamasukhā vedanā santasmiṃ esā paṇīte sukhe vuttā bhagavatā’’ti. Tatiyampi kho āyasmā udāyī pañcakaṅgaṃ thapatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘na kho, thapati, dve vedanā vuttā bhagavatā; tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā. Sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā – imā kho, thapati, tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā’’ti. Tatiyampi kho pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘na kho, bhante udāyi, tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā, dve vedanā vuttā bhagavatā – sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā. Yāyaṃ, bhante, adukkhamasukhā vedanā santasmiṃ esā paṇīte sukhe vuttā bhagavatā’’ti. Neva kho sakkhi āyasmā udāyī pañcakaṅgaṃ thapatiṃ saññāpetuṃ na panāsakkhi pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ saññāpetuṃ.
89阿难尊者听到了具寿优陀夷与木匠般遮康嘎之间的这番交谈。于是，阿难尊者前往世尊处，抵达后向世尊礼敬，坐于一旁。坐在一旁后，阿难尊者将具寿优陀夷与木匠般遮康嘎之间的全部交谈内容禀告了世尊。世尊听后，对阿难尊者说：“阿难，木匠般遮康嘎虽不认可优陀夷的某种解说，那解说却是正确的；同样，优陀夷虽不认可木匠般遮康嘎的某种解说，那解说也是正确的。阿难，我曾在一种解说中宣说二受，在另一种解说中宣说三受，也宣说过五受、六受、十八受、三十六受，乃至一百零八受。阿难，法正是我以如此种种方便所教导的。阿难，既然我以种种方便教导了法，若有人对彼此间的善说善语不认同、不认可、不随喜，那么可以预见：他们将会陷入争吵、争斗，耽于口角，彼此以口舌之箭相互刺伤而共住。阿难，法正是我以如此种种方便所教导的。阿难，既然我以种种方便教导了法，若有人对彼此间的善说善语认同、认可、随喜，那么可以预见：他们将和合无诤，融洽相处，如水乳交融，彼此以慈爱的目光相视而共住。”
Assosi kho āyasmā ānando āyasmato udāyissa pañcakaṅgena thapatinā saddhiṃ imaṃ kathāsallāpaṃ. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando yāvatako ahosi āyasmato udāyissa pañcakaṅgena thapatinā saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavato ārocesi. Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘santaññeva kho, ānanda, pariyāyaṃ pañcakaṅgo thapati udāyissa nābbhanumodi, santaññeva ca pana pariyāyaṃ udāyī pañcakaṅgassa thapatissa nābbhanumodi. Dvepānanda, vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena , tissopi vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena, pañcapi vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena, chapi vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena, aṭṭhārasapi vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena, chattiṃsapi vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena, aṭṭhasatampi vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena. Evaṃ pariyāyadesito kho, ānanda, mayā dhammo. Evaṃ pariyāyadesite kho, ānanda, mayā dhamme ye aññamaññassa subhāsitaṃ sulapitaṃ na samanujānissanti na samanumaññissanti na samanumodissanti tesametaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ – bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharissanti. Evaṃ pariyāyadesito kho, ānanda, mayā dhammo. Evaṃ pariyāyadesite kho, ānanda, mayā dhamme ye aññamaññassa subhāsitaṃ sulapitaṃ samanujānissanti samanumaññissanti samanumodissanti tesametaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ – samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharissanti’’.
90“阿难，有这五种欲的功用。哪五种呢？眼所识知的色，悦意、可爱、可意、欢喜、与欲相连、能引生染着；耳所识知的声……鼻所识知的香……舌所识知的味……身所识知的触，也是悦意、可爱、可意、欢喜、与欲相连、能引生染着——阿难，这就是五种欲的功用。阿难，依这五种欲的功用而生起的喜与乐，便称为欲乐。”
‘‘Pañca kho ime, ānanda, kāmaguṇā. Katame pañca? Cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā, sotaviññeyyā saddā…pe… ghānaviññeyyā gandhā…pe… jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe… kāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā – ime kho, ānanda, pañca kāmaguṇā. Yaṃ kho, ānanda, ime pañca kāmaguṇe paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ idaṃ vuccati kāmasukhaṃ.
5“阿难，若有人这样说：‘这便是众生所经验到的最高、最极的喜乐’，我并不认同。何以故？阿难，因为还有比此乐更殊胜、更微妙的另一种乐。阿难，什么是比此乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐呢？阿难，在此，一位比丘彻底远离感官欲乐、远离不善法，有寻有伺，由远离而生起的喜与乐，进入并安住于初禅。阿难，这便是比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。”
‘‘Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya – ‘etaparamaṃ sattā sukhaṃ somanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedentī’ti, idamassa nānujānāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Atthānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati . Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
12“阿难，若有人这样说：‘这便是众生所经验到的最高、最极的喜乐’，我并不认同。何以故？阿难，因为还有比此乐更殊胜、更微妙的另一种乐。阿难，什么是比此乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐呢？阿难，在此，一位比丘止息了寻与伺，……进入并安住于第二禅。阿难，这便是比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。”
‘‘Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya – ‘etaparamaṃ sattā sukhaṃ somanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedentī’ti, idamassa nānujānāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Atthānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
11“阿难，如果有人这样说……阿难，什么是比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的另一种乐呢？阿难，此处，比丘以喜的远离……进入并安住于第三禅。阿难，这就是比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。”
‘‘Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya…pe…. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu pītiyā ca virāgā…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
6“阿难，如果还有人这样说……阿难，比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的另一种乐是什么呢？阿难，此处，比丘舍断乐与苦……进入并安住于第四禅那。阿难，这就是比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的另一种乐。”
‘‘Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya…pe…. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
7“阿难，如果还有人这样说……阿难，比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的另一种乐是什么呢？阿难，此处，比丘完全超越一切色想，有对想消失，不作意种种想，了知“虚空无边”，进入并安住于空无边处。阿难，这就是比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的另一种乐。”
‘‘Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya…pe…. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca ? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā, paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā, nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
8“阿难，若有人这么说……阿难，比此更殊胜、更微妙的乐是什么呢？阿难，于此，比丘完全超越空无边处，了知‘识是无边的’，进入并安住于识无边处。阿难，这就是比那乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。”
‘‘Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya…pe…. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
9“阿难，若有人这么说……阿难，比此更殊胜、更微妙的乐是什么呢？阿难，于此，比丘完全超越识无边处，了知‘无所有’，进入并安住于无所有处。阿难，这就是比那乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。”
‘‘Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya…pe…. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
10“阿难，若有人这样说……阿难，比此乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐是什么呢？阿难，在此，比丘完全超越了无所有处，进入并安住于非想非非想处。阿难，这便是比彼乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。”
‘‘Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya…pe…. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
4“阿难，若有人这样说：‘众生所感受的乐与喜悦，以此为最上。’对此，我不赞同。为什么呢？阿难，因为还有比此乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。阿难，比此乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐是什么呢？阿难，在此，比丘完全超越非想非非想处，入想受灭定而安住。阿难，这就是比那乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。”
‘‘Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya – ‘etaparamaṃ sattā sukhaṃ somanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedentī’ti, idamassa nānujānāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Atthānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
91阿难，有可能外道游方者会这样说：‘沙门乔达摩宣说了想受灭定，还把它安立为乐。这到底是什么？为何这样说呢？’阿难，对那些这样说的外道游方者，应这样回答：‘贤友，世尊并非只依乐受而安立乐；贤友，无论于何处、以何种方式获得乐，如来都如实将它安立为乐。’
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, ānanda, vijjati yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ samaṇo gotamo āha; tañca sukhasmiṃ paññapeti. Tayidaṃ kiṃsu, tayidaṃ kathaṃsū’ti? Evaṃvādino, ānanda, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evamassu vacanīyā – ‘na kho, āvuso, bhagavā sukhaṃyeva vedanaṃ sandhāya sukhasmiṃ paññapeti; api ca, āvuso, yattha yattha sukhaṃ upalabbhati yahiṃ yahiṃ taṃ taṃ tathāgato sukhasmiṃ paññapetī’’’ti.
14这是世尊所说的。阿难尊者内心欢喜，对世尊的教导随喜赞叹。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā ānando bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
15《多受经》第九终
Bahuvedanīyasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ navamaṃ.