MN 59 · 多受经
88如是我闻：有一次，世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时，木匠般遮康嘎来到伍大夷尊者那里，到了之后向伍大夷尊者礼敬，坐在一旁。坐在一旁的木匠般遮康嘎对伍大夷尊者说：“伍大夷尊者，世尊说过受有几种？” “木匠，世尊说过受有三种：乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受。木匠，这就是世尊说过的三种受。” 这样说的时候，木匠般遮康嘎对伍大夷尊者说：“伍大夷尊者，世尊没有说过三种受；世尊说过受有两种：乐受和苦受。尊者，那个不苦不乐受，是世尊在寂静胜妙之乐中所说的。” 第二次，伍大夷尊者对木匠般遮康嘎说：“居士，世尊没有说过两种受；世尊说过受有三种：乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受。木匠，这就是世尊说过的三种受。” 第二次，木匠般遮康嘎对伍大夷尊者说：“伍大夷尊者，世尊没有说过三种受；世尊说过受有两种：乐受和苦受。尊者，那个不苦不乐受，是世尊在寂静胜妙之乐中所说的。” 第三次，伍大夷尊者对木匠般遮康嘎说：“木匠，世尊没有说过两种受；世尊说过受有三种：乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受。木匠，这就是世尊说过的三种受。” 第三次，木匠般遮康嘎对伍大夷尊者说：“伍大夷尊者，世尊没有说过三种受；世尊说过受有两种：乐受和苦受。尊者，那个不苦不乐受，是世尊在寂静胜妙之乐中所说的。” 伍大夷尊者没能让木匠般遮康嘎接受他的观点，木匠般遮康嘎也没能让伍大夷尊者接受他的观点。
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho pañcakaṅgo thapati yenāyasmā udāyī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kati nu kho, bhante udāyi, vedanā vuttā bhagavatā’’ti? ‘‘Tisso kho, thapati , vedanā vuttā bhagavatā. Sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā – imā kho, thapati, tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘na kho, bhante udāyi, tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā; dve vedanā vuttā bhagavatā – sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā. Yāyaṃ, bhante, adukkhamasukhā vedanā santasmiṃ esā paṇīte sukhe vuttā bhagavatā’’ti. Dutiyampi kho āyasmā udāyī pañcakaṅgaṃ thapatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘na kho, gahapati, dve vedanā vuttā bhagavatā; tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā. Sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā – imā kho, thapati, tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā’’ti. Dutiyampi kho pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘na kho, bhante udāyi, tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā; dve vedanā vuttā bhagavatā – sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā. Yāyaṃ, bhante , adukkhamasukhā vedanā santasmiṃ esā paṇīte sukhe vuttā bhagavatā’’ti. Tatiyampi kho āyasmā udāyī pañcakaṅgaṃ thapatiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘na kho, thapati, dve vedanā vuttā bhagavatā; tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā. Sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā – imā kho, thapati, tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā’’ti. Tatiyampi kho pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ etadavoca – ‘‘na kho, bhante udāyi, tisso vedanā vuttā bhagavatā, dve vedanā vuttā bhagavatā – sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā. Yāyaṃ, bhante, adukkhamasukhā vedanā santasmiṃ esā paṇīte sukhe vuttā bhagavatā’’ti. Neva kho sakkhi āyasmā udāyī pañcakaṅgaṃ thapatiṃ saññāpetuṃ na panāsakkhi pañcakaṅgo thapati āyasmantaṃ udāyiṃ saññāpetuṃ.
89阿难尊者听到了伍大夷尊者与木匠般遮康嘎之间的这番对话。于是阿难尊者来到世尊那里，到了之后向世尊礼敬，坐在一旁。坐在一旁的阿难尊者把伍大夷尊者与木匠般遮康嘎之间全部对话内容禀告了世尊。这样禀告之后，世尊对阿难尊者说：“阿难，木匠般遮康嘎确实不认可伍大夷所说的某种合理的说法方式，而伍大夷也确实不认可木匠般遮康嘎所说的某种合理的说法方式。阿难，我以某种方式说过有两种受，也以某种方式说过有三种受，也以某种方式说过有五种受，也以某种方式说过有六种受，也以某种方式说过有十八种受，也以某种方式说过有三十六种受，也以某种方式说过有一百零八种受。阿难，法就是被我这样依不同方式教导的。阿难，在我这样依不同方式教导了法之后，如果有人对彼此的善说善语不认同、不首肯、不随喜，那结果就可预期了：他们会陷入争吵、争斗，陷入口角，彼此用口舌之箭互相刺伤而共住。阿难，法就是被我这样依不同方式教导的。阿难，在我这样依不同方式教导了法之后，如果有人对彼此的善说善语认同、首肯、随喜，那结果就可预期了：他们会和合、融洽，没有争执，如水乳交融，彼此以慈爱的目光互相对待而共住。”
Assosi kho āyasmā ānando āyasmato udāyissa pañcakaṅgena thapatinā saddhiṃ imaṃ kathāsallāpaṃ. Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando yāvatako ahosi āyasmato udāyissa pañcakaṅgena thapatinā saddhiṃ kathāsallāpo taṃ sabbaṃ bhagavato ārocesi. Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā āyasmantaṃ ānandaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘santaññeva kho, ānanda, pariyāyaṃ pañcakaṅgo thapati udāyissa nābbhanumodi, santaññeva ca pana pariyāyaṃ udāyī pañcakaṅgassa thapatissa nābbhanumodi. Dvepānanda, vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena , tissopi vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena, pañcapi vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena, chapi vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena, aṭṭhārasapi vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena, chattiṃsapi vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena, aṭṭhasatampi vedanā vuttā mayā pariyāyena. Evaṃ pariyāyadesito kho, ānanda, mayā dhammo. Evaṃ pariyāyadesite kho, ānanda, mayā dhamme ye aññamaññassa subhāsitaṃ sulapitaṃ na samanujānissanti na samanumaññissanti na samanumodissanti tesametaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ – bhaṇḍanajātā kalahajātā vivādāpannā aññamaññaṃ mukhasattīhi vitudantā viharissanti. Evaṃ pariyāyadesito kho, ānanda, mayā dhammo. Evaṃ pariyāyadesite kho, ānanda, mayā dhamme ye aññamaññassa subhāsitaṃ sulapitaṃ samanujānissanti samanumaññissanti samanumodissanti tesametaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ – samaggā sammodamānā avivadamānā khīrodakībhūtā aññamaññaṃ piyacakkhūhi sampassantā viharissanti’’.
90“阿难，有这五种欲的功用。哪五种？眼所识知的色，是满意的、可爱的、可意的、讨喜的、伴随欲的、能引起染著的；耳所识知的声……鼻所识知的香……舌所识知的味……身所识知的触，是满意的、可爱的、可意的、讨喜的、伴随欲的、能引起染著的——阿难，这就是五种欲的功用。阿难，依这五种欲的功用而生起的快乐和喜悦，这叫作欲乐。”
‘‘Pañca kho ime, ānanda, kāmaguṇā. Katame pañca? Cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā, sotaviññeyyā saddā…pe… ghānaviññeyyā gandhā…pe… jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe… kāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā – ime kho, ānanda, pañca kāmaguṇā. Yaṃ kho, ānanda, ime pañca kāmaguṇe paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ idaṃ vuccati kāmasukhaṃ.
4“阿难，如果其他外道游方者这样说：‘贤友们，沙门乔达摩说，想受灭乃乐，这是什么呢？这怎么是乐呢？’阿难，听到这样说的外道游方者应当这样回答：‘贤友们，世尊并非只根据乐受才施设为乐；贤友们，无论在何处、无论在哪里获得了乐，如来就在那里施设为乐。’”
‘‘Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya – ‘etaparamaṃ sattā sukhaṃ somanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedentī’ti, idamassa nānujānāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Atthānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sabbaso nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
5“阿难，如果有人这样说：‘这就是有情体验到的最顶级的快乐和喜悦’，我是不认同这一点的。为什么呢？阿难，因为还有比这种乐更殊胜、更微妙的另一种乐。阿难，什么是比这种乐更殊胜、更微妙的另一种乐呢？阿难，在这里，一位比丘彻底远离了欲、远离了不善法，有寻、有伺，由远离而生的喜与乐，具足初禅而安住。阿难，这就是比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。”
‘‘Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya – ‘etaparamaṃ sattā sukhaṃ somanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedentī’ti, idamassa nānujānāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Atthānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati . Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
6“阿难，如果还有人这样说……阿难，比这乐更殊胜、更微妙的其它乐是什么呢？阿难，这里，比丘舍断了乐……进入并安住于第四禅。阿难，这就是比那乐更殊胜、更微妙的其它乐。”
‘‘Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya…pe…. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sukhassa ca pahānā…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
7“阿难，如果还有人这样说……阿难，比这乐更殊胜、更微妙的其它乐是什么呢？阿难，这里，比丘完全超越一切色想，灭除有对想，不作意种种想，了知‘虚空是无边的’，进入并安住于空无边处。阿难，这就是比那乐更殊胜、更微妙的其它乐。”
‘‘Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya…pe…. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca ? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā, paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā, nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘ananto ākāso’ti ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
8“阿难，如果还有人这样说……阿难，比这乐更殊胜、更微妙的其它乐是什么呢？阿难，这里，比丘完全超越空无边处，了知‘识是无边的’，进入并安住于识无边处。阿难，这就是比那乐更殊胜、更微妙的其它乐。”
‘‘Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya…pe…. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sabbaso ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘anantaṃ viññāṇa’nti viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
9“阿难，如果还有人这样说……阿难，比这乐更殊胜、更微妙的其它乐是什么呢？阿难，这里，比丘完全超越识无边处，了知‘什么都没有’，进入并安住于无所有处。阿难，这就是比那乐更殊胜、更微妙的其它乐。”
‘‘Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya…pe…. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sabbaso viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samatikkamma ‘natthi kiñcī’ti ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
10“阿难，如果还有人这样说……阿难，比这乐更殊胜、更微妙的其它乐是什么呢？阿难，这里，比丘完全超越无所有处，进入并安住于非想非非想处。阿难，这就是比那乐更殊胜、更微妙的其它乐。”
‘‘Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya…pe…. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu sabbaso ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samatikkamma nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
11“阿难，如果有人这样说……阿难，什么是比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的另一种乐呢？阿难，在这里，一位比丘远离了喜……具足第三禅而安住。阿难，这就是比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。”
‘‘Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya…pe…. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu pītiyā ca virāgā…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
12“阿难，如果有人这样说：‘这就是有情体验到的最顶级的快乐和喜悦’，我是不认同这一点的。为什么呢？阿难，因为还有比这种乐更殊胜、更微妙的另一种乐。阿难，什么是比这种乐更殊胜、更微妙的另一种乐呢？阿难，在这里，一位比丘寻和伺止息下来……具足第二禅而安住。阿难，这就是比那种乐更殊胜、更微妙的乐。”
‘‘Yo kho, ānanda, evaṃ vadeyya – ‘etaparamaṃ sattā sukhaṃ somanassaṃ paṭisaṃvedentī’ti, idamassa nānujānāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Atthānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca. Katamañcānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca? Idhānanda, bhikkhu vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ kho, ānanda, etamhā sukhā aññaṃ sukhaṃ abhikkantatarañca paṇītatarañca.
91阿难，有一种可能：其他外道游方者会这样说——'沙门乔达摩讲了想受灭，而且把这个状态立为乐。这到底是怎么回事？为什么这样说呢？'阿难，对那些这样说的外道游方者，应当这样回答：'贤友，世尊并不是只依据乐受而把某处立为乐；贤友，无论在哪里触碰到乐、无论在哪里获得乐，如来就在那里把它立为乐。'
‘‘Ṭhānaṃ kho panetaṃ, ānanda, vijjati yaṃ aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evaṃ vadeyyuṃ – ‘saññāvedayitanirodhaṃ samaṇo gotamo āha; tañca sukhasmiṃ paññapeti. Tayidaṃ kiṃsu, tayidaṃ kathaṃsū’ti? Evaṃvādino, ānanda, aññatitthiyā paribbājakā evamassu vacanīyā – ‘na kho, āvuso, bhagavā sukhaṃyeva vedanaṃ sandhāya sukhasmiṃ paññapeti; api ca, āvuso, yattha yattha sukhaṃ upalabbhati yahiṃ yahiṃ taṃ taṃ tathāgato sukhasmiṃ paññapetī’’’ti.
14这是世尊所说的。阿难尊者对世尊的教导心满意足，随喜赞叹。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā ānando bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
15多受经完 第九
Bahuvedanīyasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ navamaṃ.