MN 40 · 小马邑经
435如是我闻：一时，世尊住在盎嘎国的马邑镇。于其处，世尊对诸比丘说：“诸比丘啊。”那些比丘回答世尊：“尊者。”世尊这样说：“诸比丘啊，人们把你们看作沙门。而你们自己，当被问及‘你们是谁’时，也承认说‘我们是沙门’。你们既被这样称呼、又这样自认，就应当这样思惟：‘我们应当修习与沙门相应的行道；这样，我们的名号便会真实，我们的自称也名副其实。那些我们受用其袈裟、饮食、住处、医药资具的施主们，他们所作的布施在我们身上将有大果报、大利益，而我们的出家也不会落空，必有成果、有收获。’诸比丘啊，你们确实应当这样学。”
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā aṅgesu viharati assapuraṃ nāma aṅgānaṃ nigamo. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘samaṇā samaṇāti vo, bhikkhave, jano sañjānāti. Tumhe ca pana ‘ke tumhe’ti puṭṭhā samānā ‘samaṇāmhā’ti paṭijānātha. Tesaṃ vo, bhikkhave, evaṃsamaññānaṃ sataṃ evaṃpaṭiññānaṃ sataṃ – ‘yā samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadā taṃ paṭipajjissāma; evaṃ no ayaṃ amhākaṃ samaññā ca saccā bhavissati paṭiññā ca bhūtā; yesañca mayaṃ cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ paribhuñjāma, tesaṃ te kārā amhesu mahapphalā bhavissanti mahānisaṃsā, amhākañcevāyaṃ pabbajjā avañjhā bhavissati saphalā saudrayā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṃ.
436诸比丘，什么样的比丘未实践与沙门相应的行道呢？诸比丘，若有任何比丘，怀有贪求而贪求未断，怀有嗔恚而嗔恚未断，怀有愤怒而愤怒未断，怀有怨恨而怨恨未断，怀有覆蔽而覆蔽未断，怀有恼害而恼害未断，怀有嫉妒而嫉妒未断，怀有悭吝而悭吝未断，怀有狡诈而狡诈未断，怀有虚伪而虚伪未断，怀有恶欲而恶欲未断，持有邪见而邪见未断——诸比丘，正因这些沙门的污垢、沙门的过失、沙门的渣滓，这些导向苦界、导向恶趣感受之处未被断除，我说他未实践与沙门相应的行道。诸比丘，譬如一件名为‘马他迦’的武器，两面开刃，以黄色毒药淬砺，有人用一件僧伽梨衣将它从头至脚缠紧包裹。诸比丘，我说这位比丘的出家，与此情形相似。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hoti? Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno abhijjhālussa abhijjhā appahīnā hoti, byāpannacittassa byāpādo appahīno hoti, kodhanassa kodho appahīno hoti, upanāhissa upanāho appahīno hoti, makkhissa makkho appahīno hoti, paḷāsissa paḷāso appahīno hoti, issukissa issā appahīnā hoti, maccharissa macchariyaṃ appahīnaṃ hoti , saṭhassa sāṭheyyaṃ appahīnaṃ hoti, māyāvissa māyā appahīnā hoti, pāpicchassa pāpikā icchā appahīnā hoti, micchādiṭṭhikassa micchādiṭṭhi appahīnā hoti – imesaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, samaṇamalānaṃ samaṇadosānaṃ samaṇakasaṭānaṃ āpāyikānaṃ ṭhānānaṃ duggativedaniyānaṃ appahānā ‘na samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno’ti vadāmi. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, matajaṃ nāma āvudhajātaṃ ubhatodhāraṃ pītanisitaṃ. Tadassa saṅghāṭiyā sampārutaṃ sampaliveṭhitaṃ. Tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imassa bhikkhuno pabbajjaṃ vadāmi.
437诸比丘，我不说，仅因穿着杂色衣，凭此穿着杂色衣本身，即有沙门性。我不说，仅因是裸行者，凭此裸行本身，即有沙门性。我不说，仅因是尘垢行者，凭此涂抹尘垢本身，即有沙门性。我不说，仅因是水浴者，凭此入水沐浴本身，即有沙门性。我不说，仅因是树下住者，凭此树下住本身，即有沙门性。我不说，仅因是露宿者，凭此露宿本身，即有沙门性。我不说，仅因是常站立者，凭此常站立本身，即有沙门性。我不说，仅因是定期食者，凭此定期进食本身，即有沙门性。我不说，仅因是诵咒者，凭此诵读咒语本身，即有沙门性。我不说，仅因是结发髻者，凭此蓄留发髻本身，即有沙门性。
‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, saṅghāṭikassa saṅghāṭidhāraṇamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, acelakassa acelakamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, rajojallikassa rajojallikamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave , udakorohakassa udakorohaṇamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, rukkhamūlikassa rukkhamūlikamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, abbhokāsikassa abbhokāsikamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ubbhaṭṭhakassa ubbhaṭṭhakamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, pariyāyabhattikassa pariyāyabhattikamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, mantajjhāyakassa mantajjhāyakamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, jaṭilakassa jaṭādhāraṇamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi.
4诸比丘，假如仅凭穿著杂色衣，便能让贪婪者断除贪婪，嗔恚者断除嗔恚，愤怒者断除愤怒，怨恨者断除怨恨，欺瞒者断除欺瞒，傲慢者断除傲慢，嫉妒者断除嫉妒，悭吝者断除悭吝，狡诈者断除狡诈，虚伪者断除虚伪，恶欲者断除恶欲，邪见者断除邪见——那么，他的朋友、同僚、亲戚、血亲，在他刚出生时就会让他披上杂色衣，并劝他专修杂色衣行：‘来吧，贤善的人，你应成为杂色衣者。成为杂色衣者之后，仅凭穿著杂色衣，贪婪者的贪婪便得断除，嗔恚者的嗔恚便得断除，愤怒者的愤怒便得断除，怨恨者的怨恨便得断除，欺瞒者的欺瞒便得断除，傲慢者的傲慢便得断除，嫉妒者的嫉妒便得断除，悭吝者的悭吝便得断除，狡诈者的狡诈便得断除，虚伪者的虚伪便得断除，恶欲者的恶欲便得断除，邪见者的邪见便得断除。’然而，诸比丘，我确实在这世上看见有些杂色衣者，心中仍怀贪婪、嗔恚、愤怒、怨恨、欺瞒、傲慢、嫉妒、悭吝、狡诈、虚伪、恶欲、持邪见。正因为如此，我不说仅凭穿著杂色衣便具备沙门性。
‘‘Saṅghāṭikassa ce, bhikkhave, saṅghāṭidhāraṇamattena abhijjhālussa abhijjhā pahīyetha, byāpannacittassa byāpādo pahīyetha, kodhanassa kodho pahīyetha, upanāhissa upanāho pahīyetha, makkhissa makkho pahīyetha, paḷāsissa paḷāso pahīyetha, issukissa issā pahīyetha, maccharissa macchariyaṃ pahīyetha, saṭhassa sāṭheyyaṃ pahīyetha, māyāvissa māyā pahīyetha, pāpicchassa pāpikā icchā pahīyetha, micchādiṭṭhikassa micchādiṭṭhi pahīyetha, tamenaṃ mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā jātameva naṃ saṅghāṭikaṃ kareyyuṃ, saṅghāṭikattameva samādapeyyuṃ – ‘ehi tvaṃ, bhadramukha, saṅghāṭiko hohi, saṅghāṭikassa te sato saṅghāṭidhāraṇamattena abhijjhālussa abhijjhā pahīyissati, byāpannacittassa byāpādo pahīyissati, kodhanassa kodho pahīyissati, upanāhissa upanāho pahīyissati, makkhissa makkho pahīyissati, paḷāsissa paḷāso pahīyissati, issukissa issā pahīyissati, maccharissa macchariyaṃ pahīyissati, saṭhassa sāṭheyyaṃ pahīyissati, māyāvissa māyā pahīyissati, pāpicchassa pāpikā icchā pahīyissati, micchādiṭṭhikassa micchādiṭṭhi pahīyissatī’ti. Yasmā ca kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, saṅghāṭikampi idhekaccaṃ passāmi abhijjhāluṃ byāpannacittaṃ kodhanaṃ upanāhiṃ makkhiṃ paḷāsiṃ issukiṃ macchariṃ saṭhaṃ māyāviṃ pāpicchaṃ micchādiṭṭhikaṃ, tasmā na saṅghāṭikassa saṅghāṭidhāraṇamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi.
5诸比丘，假如裸行者……（中略）……假如尘垢行者……（中略）……假如水浴者……（中略）……假如树下住者……（中略）……假如露宿者……（中略）……假如常站立者……（中略）……假如不定食者……（中略）……假如诵咒者……（中略）……诸比丘，假如结发髻者，仅凭蓄留发髻，便能让贪婪者断除贪婪……让邪见者断除邪见，那么，他的朋友、同僚、亲戚、血亲，在他刚出生时就会为他蓄起发髻，并劝他专修结发行：‘来吧，贤善的人，你应成为结发髻者。成为结发髻者之后，仅凭蓄留发髻，贪婪者的贪婪便得断除……邪见者的邪见便得断除。’然而，诸比丘，我确实在这世上看见有些结发髻者，心中仍怀贪婪、嗔恚、愤怒、怨恨、欺瞒、傲慢、嫉妒、悭吝、狡诈、虚伪、恶欲、持邪见。正因为如此，我不说仅凭蓄留发髻便具备沙门性。
‘‘Acelakassa ce, bhikkhave…pe… rajojallikassa ce, bhikkhave…pe… udakorohakassa ce, bhikkhave…pe… rukkhamūlikassa ce, bhikkhave…pe… abbhokāsikassa ce, bhikkhave…pe… ubbhaṭṭhakassa ce, bhikkhave…pe… pariyāyabhattikassa ce, bhikkhave…pe… mantajjhāyakassa ce, bhikkhave…pe… jaṭilakassa ce, bhikkhave, jaṭādhāraṇamattena abhijjhālussa abhijjhā pahīyetha, byāpannacittassa byāpādo pahīyetha , kodhanassa kodho pahīyetha, upanāhissa upanāho pahīyetha, makkhissa makkho pahīyetha, paḷāsissa paḷāso pahīyetha, issukissa issā pahīyetha, maccharissa macchariyaṃ pahīyetha, saṭhassa sāṭheyyaṃ pahīyetha, māyāvissa māyā pahīyetha, pāpicchassa pāpikā icchā pahīyetha, micchādiṭṭhikassa micchādiṭṭhi pahīyetha, tamenaṃ mittāmaccā ñātisālohitā jātameva naṃ jaṭilakaṃ kareyyuṃ, jaṭilakattameva samādapeyyuṃ – ‘ehi tvaṃ, bhadramukha, jaṭilako hohi, jaṭilakassa te sato jaṭādhāraṇamattena abhijjhālussa abhijjhā pahīyissati byāpannacittassa byāpādo pahīyissati, kodhanassa kodho pahīyissati…pe… pāpicchassa pāpikā icchā pahīyissati micchādiṭṭhikassa micchādiṭṭhi pahīyissatī’ti. Yasmā ca kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, jaṭilakampi idhekaccaṃ passāmi abhijjhāluṃ byāpannacittaṃ kodhanaṃ upanāhiṃ makkhiṃ palāsiṃ issukiṃ macchariṃ saṭhaṃ māyāviṃ pāpicchaṃ micchādiṭṭhiṃ, tasmā na jaṭilakassa jaṭādhāraṇamattena sāmaññaṃ vadāmi.
438诸比丘，怎样的比丘是行于沙门所应行之道呢？若有比丘，虽曾怀有贪求，然已断除贪求；虽曾怀有嗔恚，然已断除嗔恚；虽曾怀有愤怒，然已断除愤怒；虽曾怀有怨恨，然已断除怨恨；虽曾怀有轻蔑，然已断除轻蔑；虽曾怀有傲慢，然已断除傲慢；虽曾怀有嫉妒，然已断除嫉妒；虽曾怀有悭吝，然已断除悭吝；虽曾怀有狡诈，然已断除狡诈；虽曾怀有虚伪，然已断除虚伪；虽曾怀有恶欲，然已断除恶欲；虽曾持有邪见，然已断除邪见——诸比丘，正是由于这些沙门的垢秽、沙门的过失、沙门的渣滓，这些导向苦界、感生恶趣之处的被彻底断除，我说，他行于沙门所应行之道。他见到自己已从这一切邪恶不善法中得到净化。见已，心生喜悦；由喜悦故，生起喜乐；心喜乐故，身得轻安；身轻安故，感受乐；由乐故，心得定。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hoti? Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno abhijjhālussa abhijjhā pahīnā hoti, byāpannacittassa byāpādo pahīno hoti, kodhanassa kodho pahīno hoti, upanāhissa upanāho pahīno hoti, makkhissa makkho pahīno hoti, paḷāsissa paḷāso pahīno hoti, issukissa issā pahīnā hoti, maccharissa macchariyaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, saṭhassa sāṭheyyaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti, māyāvissa māyā pahīnā hoti, pāpicchassa pāpikā icchā pahīnā hoti, micchādiṭṭhikassa micchādiṭṭhi pahīnā hoti – imesaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, samaṇamalānaṃ samaṇadosānaṃ samaṇakasaṭānaṃ āpāyikānaṃ ṭhānānaṃ duggativedaniyānaṃ pahānā ‘samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno’ti vadāmi. So sabbehi imehi pāpakehi akusalehi dhammehi visuddhamattānaṃ samanupassati ( ) . Tassa sabbehi imehi pāpakehi akusalehi dhammehi visuddhamattānaṃ samanupassato ( ) pāmojjaṃ jāyati, pamuditassa pīti jāyati, pītimanassa kāyo passambhati, passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vedeti, sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati.
7他以慈俱行之心遍满一方而住，如是遍满第二方，如是遍满第三方，如是遍满第四方。如此，向上、向下、横向，于一切处，以平等之心对待一切众生，遍满整个世界。他以慈俱行之心——广大、崇高、无量、无怨、无害——遍满而住。他以悲俱行之心遍满一方而住，如是遍满第二方，如是遍满第三方，如是遍满第四方。如此，向上、向下、横向，于一切处，以平等之心对待一切众生，遍满整个世界。他以悲俱行之心——广大、崇高、无量、无怨、无害——遍满而住。他以喜俱行之心遍满一方而住，如是遍满第二方，如是遍满第三方，如是遍满第四方。如此，向上、向下、横向，于一切处，以平等之心对待一切众生，遍满整个世界。他以喜俱行之心——广大、崇高、无量、无怨、无害——遍满而住。他以舍俱行之心遍满一方而住，如是遍满第二方，如是遍满第三方，如是遍满第四方。如此，向上、向下、横向，于一切处，以平等之心对待一切众生，遍满整个世界。他以舍俱行之心——广大、崇高、无量、无怨、无害——遍满而住。诸比丘，譬如有一池塘，池水清澈、甘甜、清凉、洁净，堤岸优美，令人愉悦。若有人从东方来，为炎热所苦、所逼，疲惫不堪，焦渴难耐，他来到此池，便能止息对水的渴望，解除炎热之苦。若有人从西方来……若有人从北方来……若有人从南方来……无论从何方来，凡有为此炎热所苦、所逼，疲惫不堪，焦渴难耐者，来到此池，便能止息对水的渴望，解除炎热之苦。同样地，诸比丘，若有人从刹帝利家族出家而为无家者，他来到如来所宣说的法与律中，如此修习慈、悲、喜、舍之后，便获得内心的寂止。因为内心得止，我说他‘在行与沙门相应之道’。若从婆罗门家族……若从吠舍家族……若从首陀罗家族……不论从何种家族，若有人出家而为无家者，他来到如来所宣说的法与律中，如此修习慈、悲、喜、舍之后，便获得内心的寂止。因为内心得止，我说他‘在行与沙门相应之道’。
‘‘So mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharati. Karuṇāsahagatena cetasā…pe… muditāsahagatena cetasā…pe… upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṃ disaṃ pharitvā viharati, tathā dutiyaṃ, tathā tatiyaṃ, tathā catutthaṃ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṃ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharati. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, pokkharaṇī acchodakā sātodakā sītodakā setakā supatitthā ramaṇīyā. Puratthimāya cepi disāya puriso āgaccheyya ghammābhitatto ghammapareto kilanto tasito pipāsito. So taṃ pokkharaṇiṃ āgamma vineyya udakapipāsaṃ vineyya ghammapariḷāhaṃ…pe… pacchimāya cepi disāya puriso āgaccheyya…pe… uttarāya cepi disāya puriso āgaccheyya…pe… dakkhiṇāya cepi disāya puriso āgaccheyya. Yato kuto cepi naṃ puriso āgaccheyya ghammābhitatto ghammapareto, kilanto tasito pipāsito. So taṃ pokkharaṇiṃ āgamma vineyya udakapipāsaṃ, vineyya ghammapariḷāhaṃ. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, khattiyakulā cepi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti, so ca tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ āgamma, evaṃ mettaṃ karuṇaṃ muditaṃ upekkhaṃ bhāvetvā labhati ajjhattaṃ vūpasamaṃ . Ajjhattaṃ vūpasamā ‘samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno’ti vadāmi. Brāhmaṇakulā cepi…pe… vessakulā cepi…pe… suddakulā cepi…pe… yasmā kasmā cepi kulā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti , so ca tathāgatappaveditaṃ dhammavinayaṃ āgamma, evaṃ mettaṃ karuṇaṃ muditaṃ upekkhaṃ bhāvetvā labhati ajjhattaṃ vūpasamaṃ. Ajjhattaṃ vūpasamā ‘samaṇasāmīcippaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno’ti vadāmi.
8倘若有人从刹帝利家族出离俗家，过起无家的生活，他由灭尽诸漏，于现法中，以殊胜智慧自己证得无漏的心解脱与慧解脱，具足而住。因灭尽诸漏，他成为沙门。倘若从婆罗门家族……倘若从吠舍家族……倘若从首陀罗家族……无论从何种家族，只要有人出离俗家，过起无家的生活，他由灭尽诸漏，于现法中，以殊胜智慧自己证得无漏的心解脱与慧解脱，具足而住。因灭尽诸漏，他成为沙门。
‘‘Khattiyakulā cepi agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti. So ca āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Āsavānaṃ khayā samaṇo hoti. Brāhmaṇakulā cepi…pe… vessakulā cepi… suddakulā cepi… yasmā kasmā cepi kulā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito hoti, so ca āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Āsavānaṃ khayā samaṇo hotī’’ti.
9世尊如是说。比丘们心满意足，对世尊的教导欢喜信受。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
10其摄颂曰：
Tassuddānaṃ –
11小马邑经 第十 终
Cūḷaassapurasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ dasamaṃ.
12大双品 第四 终
Mahāyamakavaggo niṭṭhito catuttho.
13其摄颂：
Tassuddānaṃ –
14护持砖瓦林，贤智者复折伏萨遮迦；
Giñjakasālavanaṃ pariharituṃ, paññavato puna saccakanisedho;
15面貌得净信、施食，与鸡婆、马邑结发者事。
Mukhavaṇṇapasīdanatāpindo, kevaṭṭaassapurajaṭilena.