MN 4 · 怖畏惊骇经
34如是我闻：有一次，世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时，一位名叫生闻的婆罗门来到世尊那里，到了之后，与世尊互相问候致意。彼此说了些亲切友善的话之后，他就坐在一边。坐在一边的生闻婆罗门对世尊这样说：“乔达摩先生，那些善男子因为信仰您乔达摩先生，从在家生活出家，成为无家之人。乔达摩先生您是他们带头的，乔达摩先生您对他们的帮助很大，乔达摩先生您是他们效法的榜样。而那些人，正跟随着您乔达摩先生的见解而行。” “婆罗门，正是这样。婆罗门，正是这样。婆罗门，那些善男子因为信仰我，从在家生活出家，成为无家之人。我是他们带头的，我对他们的帮助很大，我是他们效法的榜样。而那些人，正跟随着我的见解而行。” “乔达摩先生，那些远离城镇的树林、森林里的偏僻住处，确实是难以适应的，独处的修行是困难的，一个人待着是很难乐在其中的。我想，那些森林大概会夺走一个没有得到定力的比丘的心。” “婆罗门，正是这样。婆罗门，正是这样。婆罗门，那些远离城镇的树林、森林里的偏僻住处，确实是难以适应的，独处的修行是困难的，一个人待着是很难乐在其中的。我想，那些森林大概会夺走一个没有得到定力的比丘的心。”
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Atha kho jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho jāṇussoṇi brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yeme, bho gotama, kulaputtā bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ uddissa saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā, bhavaṃ tesaṃ gotamo pubbaṅgamo, bhavaṃ tesaṃ gotamo bahukāro, bhavaṃ tesaṃ gotamo samādapetā ; bhoto ca pana gotamassa sā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjatī’’ti. ‘‘Evametaṃ, brāhmaṇa, evametaṃ, brāhmaṇa! Ye te, brāhmaṇa, kulaputtā mamaṃ uddissa saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitā, ahaṃ tesaṃ pubbaṅgamo, ahaṃ tesaṃ bahukāro, ahaṃ tesaṃ samādapetā; mama ca pana sā janatā diṭṭhānugatiṃ āpajjatī’’ti. ‘‘Durabhisambhavāni hi kho, bho gotama, araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni, dukkaraṃ pavivekaṃ, durabhiramaṃ ekatte, haranti maññe mano vanāni samādhiṃ alabhamānassa bhikkhuno’’ti . ‘‘Evametaṃ, brāhmaṇa, evametaṃ, brāhmaṇa! Durabhisambhavāni hi kho, brāhmaṇa, araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni, dukkaraṃ pavivekaṃ, durabhiramaṃ ekatte, haranti maññe mano vanāni samādhiṃ alabhamānassa bhikkhuno’’ti.
35婆罗门，在我还没有彻底觉悟、还没有成佛之前，还是菩萨的时候，我心里也这样想过：‘那些远离城镇的树林、森林里的偏僻住处，确实是难以适应的，独处的修行是困难的，一个人待着是很难乐在其中的。我想，那些森林大概会夺走一个没有得到定力的比丘的心。’ 婆罗门，那时我心里又想：‘有一些沙门或婆罗门，他们是因为身业不清净，才去借助那些森林里偏僻的住处。那些尊贵的沙门婆罗门，正是由于身业不清净这个缺陷的原因，才招来了不善的、令人恐慌的恐惧。而我绝不是因为身业不清净才去借助那些森林里偏僻的住处的，我是身业清净的人。那些身业清净的圣者们，凡是去借助森林偏僻住处的人，我就是他们中的一员。’婆罗门，当我看到自己身上具备这种身业清净的时候，对于在森林中居住，就更加心安了。
‘‘Mayhampi kho, brāhmaṇa, pubbeva sambodhā anabhisambuddhassa bodhisattasseva sato etadahosi – ‘durabhisambhavāni hi kho araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni, dukkaraṃ pavivekaṃ, durabhiramaṃ ekatte, haranti maññe mano vanāni samādhiṃ alabhamānassa bhikkhuno’ti. Tassa mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa, etadahosi – ‘ye kho keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā aparisuddhakāyakammantā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti, aparisuddhakāyakammantasandosahetu have te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā akusalaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti. Na kho panāhaṃ aparisuddhakāyakammanto araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevāmi; parisuddhakāyakammantohamasmi. Ye hi vo ariyā parisuddhakāyakammantā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti tesamahaṃ aññataro’ti. Etamahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, parisuddhakāyakammataṃ attani sampassamāno bhiyyo pallomamāpādiṃ araññe vihārāya.
36婆罗门，那时我这样想：‘那些内心躁动不安宁的沙门或婆罗门，他们去亲近那些阿兰若、林野、边远的坐卧处，这些尊贵的沙门婆罗门正是由于内心躁动不安宁的过失，才招来了那些不善的怖畏惊恐。而我并非内心躁动不安宁地去亲近那些阿兰若、林野、边远的坐卧处，我是内心已寂静的人。那些内心已寂静的圣者们去亲近那些阿兰若、林野、边远的坐卧处，我就是他们中的一员。’婆罗门，当我这样在自己身上看到这份内心的寂静时，就更加安心地住在林野了。
‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, etadahosi – ‘ye kho keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā uddhatā avūpasantacittā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti, uddhataavūpasantacittasandosahetu have te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā akusalaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti. Na kho panāhaṃ uddhato avūpasantacitto araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevāmi; vūpasantacittohamasmi. Ye hi vo ariyā vūpasantacittā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti, tesamahaṃ aññataro’ti. Etamahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, vūpasantacittataṃ attani sampassamāno bhiyyo pallomamāpādiṃ araññe vihārāya.
37婆罗门，那时我这样想：‘那些内心疑惑且犹豫不决的沙门或婆罗门，他们去亲近那些阿兰若、林野、边远的坐卧处，这些尊贵的沙门婆罗门正是由于内心疑惑且犹豫不决的过失，才招来了那些不善的怖畏惊恐。而我并非内心疑惑且犹豫不决地去亲近那些阿兰若、林野、边远的坐卧处，我是已度越疑惑的人。那些已度越疑惑的圣者们去亲近那些阿兰若、林野、边远的坐卧处，我就是他们中的一员。’婆罗门，当我这样在自己身上看到这份已度越疑惑的状态时，就更加安心地住在林野了。
‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, etadahosi – ‘ye kho keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā kaṅkhī vicikicchī araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti, kaṅkhivicikicchisandosahetu have te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā akusalaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti. Na kho panāhaṃ kaṅkhī vicikicchī araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevāmi; tiṇṇavicikicchohamasmi. Ye hi vo ariyā tiṇṇavicikicchā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti tesamahaṃ aññataro’ti. Etamahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, tiṇṇavicikicchataṃ attani sampassamāno bhiyyo pallomamāpādiṃ araññe vihārāya.
38婆罗门，那时我这样想：‘那些自赞毁他的沙门或婆罗门，他们去亲近那些阿兰若、林野、边远的坐卧处，这些尊贵的沙门婆罗门正是由于自赞毁他的过失，才招来了那些不善的怖畏惊恐。而我并非自赞毁他地去亲近那些阿兰若、林野、边远的坐卧处，我是一个不自赞、不毁他的人。那些不自赞、不毁他的圣者们去亲近那些阿兰若、林野、边远的坐卧处，我就是他们中的一员。’婆罗门，当我这样在自己身上看到这份不自赞毁他的品质时，就更加安心地住在林野了。
‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, etadahosi – ‘ye kho keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā attukkaṃsakā paravambhī araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti, attukkaṃsanaparavambhanasandosahetu have te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā akusalaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti . Na kho panāhaṃ attukkaṃsako paravambhī araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevāmi ; anattukkaṃsako aparavambhīhamasmi. Ye hi vo ariyā anattukkaṃsakā aparavambhī araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti tesamahaṃ aññataro’ti. Etamahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, anattukkaṃsakataṃ aparavambhitaṃ attani sampassamāno bhiyyo pallomamāpādiṃ araññe vihārāya.
39婆罗门，那时我这样想：‘那些内心胆怯、生性恐惧的沙门或婆罗门，他们去亲近那些阿兰若、林野、边远的坐卧处，这些尊贵的沙门婆罗门正是由于内心胆怯、生性恐惧的过失，才招来了那些不善的怖畏惊恐。而我并非内心胆怯、生性恐惧地去亲近那些阿兰若、林野、边远的坐卧处，我是一个已去掉汗毛竖立的人。那些已去掉汗毛竖立的圣者们去亲近那些阿兰若、林野、边远的坐卧处，我就是他们中的一员。’婆罗门，当我这样在自己身上看到这份无所畏惧的品质时，就更加安心地住在林野了。
‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, etadahosi – ‘ye kho keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā chambhī bhīrukajātikā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti, chambhibhīrukajātikasandosahetu have te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā akusalaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti. Na kho panāhaṃ chambhī bhīrukajātiko araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevāmi; vigatalomahaṃsohamasmi. Ye hi vo ariyā vigatalomahaṃsā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti tesamahaṃ aññataro’ti. Etamahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, vigatalomahaṃsataṃ attani sampassamāno bhiyyo pallomamāpādiṃ araññe vihārāya.
40婆罗门，那时我这样想：‘那些贪求利养、恭敬和名声的沙门或婆罗门，他们去亲近那些阿兰若、林野、边远的坐卧处，这些尊贵的沙门婆罗门正是由于贪求利养、恭敬和名声的过失，才招来了那些不善的怖畏惊恐。而我并非贪求利养、恭敬和名声地去亲近那些阿兰若、林野、边远的坐卧处，我是一个少欲的人。那些少欲的圣者们去亲近那些阿兰若、林野、边远的坐卧处，我就是他们中的一员。’婆罗门，当我这样在自己身上看到这份少欲的品质时，就更加安心地住在林野了。
‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, etadahosi – ‘ye kho keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā lābhasakkārasilokaṃ nikāmayamānā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti, lābhasakkārasilokanikāmana sandosahetu have te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā akusalaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti. Na kho panāhaṃ lābhasakkārasilokaṃ nikāmayamāno araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevāmi; appicchohamasmi. Ye hi vo ariyā appicchā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti tesamahaṃ aññataro’ti. Etamahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, appicchataṃ attani sampassamāno bhiyyo pallomamāpādiṃ araññe vihārāya.
41婆罗门，那时我这样想：‘那些懈怠、不精进的沙门或婆罗门，他们去亲近那些阿兰若、林野、边远的坐卧处，这些尊贵的沙门婆罗门正是由于懈怠、不精进的过失，才招来了那些不善的怖畏惊恐。而我并非懈怠、不精进地去亲近那些阿兰若、林野、边远的坐卧处，我是一个精进努力的人。那些精进努力的圣者们去亲近那些阿兰若、林野、边远的坐卧处，我就是他们中的一员。’婆罗门，当我这样在自己身上看到这份精进努力时，就更加安心地住在林野了。
‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, etadahosi – ‘ye kho keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā kusītā hīnavīriyā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti , kusītahīnavīriyasandosahetu have te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā akusalaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti. Na kho panāhaṃ kusīto hīnavīriyo araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevāmi; āraddhavīriyohamasmi. Ye hi vo ariyā āraddhavīriyā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti tesamahaṃ aññataro’ti. Etamahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, āraddhavīriyataṃ attani sampassamāno bhiyyo pallomamāpādiṃ araññe vihārāya.
42婆罗门，那时我心里又想：‘有一些沙门或婆罗门，他们是因为语业不清净……（中略）……意业不清净……（中略）……谋生方式不清净，才去借助那些森林里偏僻的住处。那些尊贵的沙门婆罗门，正是由于谋生方式不清净这个缺陷的原因，才招来了不善的、令人恐慌的恐惧。而我绝不是因为谋生方式不清净才去借助那些森林里偏僻的住处的，我是谋生方式清净的人。那些谋生方式清净的圣者们，凡是去借助森林偏僻住处的人，我就是他们中的一员。’婆罗门，当我看到自己身上具备这种谋生方式清净的时候，对于在森林中居住，就更加心安了。
‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, etadahosi – ‘ye kho keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā aparisuddhavacīkammantā…pe… aparisuddhamanokammantā …pe… aparisuddhājīvā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti, aparisuddhājīvasandosahetu have te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā akusalaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti. Na kho panāhaṃ aparisuddhājīvo araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevāmi; parisuddhājīvohamasmi. Ye hi vo ariyā parisuddhājīvā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti tesamahaṃ aññataro’ti. Etamahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, parisuddhājīvataṃ attani sampassamāno bhiyyo pallomamāpādiṃ araññe vihārāya.
43婆罗门，那时我心里又想：‘有一些沙门或婆罗门，他们内心贪婪，对感官欲乐有着强烈的渴爱，才去借助那些森林里偏僻的住处。那些尊贵的沙门婆罗门，正是由于内心贪婪、对感官欲乐有强烈渴爱这个缺陷的原因，才招来了不善的、令人恐慌的恐惧。而我绝不是因为内心贪婪、对感官欲乐有强烈渴爱才去借助那些森林里偏僻的住处的，我是不贪婪的人。那些不贪婪的圣者们，凡是去借助森林偏僻住处的人，我就是他们中的一员。’婆罗门，当我看到自己身上具备这种不贪婪的品质时，对于在森林中居住，就更加心安了。
‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, etadahosi – ‘ye kho keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā abhijjhālū kāmesu tibbasārāgā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti, abhijjhālukāmesutibbasārāgasandosahetu have te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā akusalaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti. Na kho panāhaṃ abhijjhālu kāmesu tibbasārāgo araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevāmi; anabhijjhālūhamasmi. Ye hi vo ariyā anabhijjhālū araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti , tesamahaṃ aññataro’ti. Etamahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, anabhijjhālutaṃ attani sampassamāno bhiyyo pallomamāpādiṃ araññe vihārāya.
44婆罗门，那时我心里又想：‘有一些沙门或婆罗门，他们内心充满嗔恨、意欲歹毒，才去借助那些森林里偏僻的住处。那些尊贵的沙门婆罗门，正是由于内心充满嗔恨、意欲歹毒这个缺陷的原因，才招来了不善的、令人恐慌的恐惧。而我绝不是因为内心充满嗔恨、意欲歹毒才去借助那些森林里偏僻的住处的，我是心怀慈爱的人。那些心怀慈爱的圣者们，凡是去借助森林偏僻住处的人，我就是他们中的一员。’婆罗门，当我看到自己身上具备这种心怀慈爱的品质时，对于在森林中居住，就更加心安了。
‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, etadahosi – ‘ye kho keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā byāpannacittā paduṭṭhamanasaṅkappā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti, byāpannacittapaduṭṭhamanasaṅkappasandosahetu have te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā akusalaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti. Na kho panāhaṃ byāpannacitto paduṭṭhamanasaṅkappo araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevāmi; mettacittohamasmi. Ye hi vo ariyā mettacittā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti tesamahaṃ aññataro’ti. Etamahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, mettacittataṃ attani sampassamāno bhiyyo pallomamāpādiṃ araññe vihārāya.
45婆罗门，那时我心里又想：‘有一些沙门或婆罗门，他们被昏沉和睡眠所主宰，才去借助那些森林里偏僻的住处。那些尊贵的沙门婆罗门，正是由于被昏沉和睡眠主宰这个缺陷的原因，才招来了不善的、令人恐慌的恐惧。而我绝不是被昏沉和睡眠主宰才去借助那些森林里偏僻的住处的，我是已经远离昏沉和睡眠的人。那些已经远离昏沉和睡眠的圣者们，凡是去借助森林偏僻住处的人，我就是他们中的一员。’婆罗门，当我看到自己身上具备这种远离昏沉和睡眠的品质时，对于在森林中居住，就更加心安了。
‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, etadahosi – ‘ye kho keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā thīnamiddhapariyuṭṭhitā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti, thīnamiddhapariyuṭṭhānasandosahetu have te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā akusalaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti. Na kho panāhaṃ thīnamiddhapariyuṭṭhito araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevāmi; vigatathīnamiddhohamasmi. Ye hi vo ariyā vigatathīnamiddhā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti tesamahaṃ aññataro’ti. Etamahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, vigatathīnamiddhataṃ attani sampassamāno bhiyyo pallomamāpādiṃ araññe vihārāya.
46婆罗门，那时我这样想：‘那些失念、没有正知，却还去受用阿兰若、林野、偏远坐卧处的沙门或婆罗门，正是由于失念、没有正知这个过失，这些沙门婆罗门尊者们才招来了不善的怖畏惊骇。可我不是失念、没有正知而去受用阿兰若、林野、偏远坐卧处的，我是正念现前的人。在那些正念现前而受用阿兰若、林野、偏远坐卧处的圣者们当中，我就是其中一位。’婆罗门，当我在自己身上看到这份正念现前时，对于住在林野就更加感到安心了。
‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, etadahosi – ‘ye kho keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā muṭṭhassatī asampajānā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti, muṭṭhassatiasampajānasandosahetu have te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā akusalaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti. Na kho panāhaṃ muṭṭhassati asampajāno araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevāmi; upaṭṭhitassatihamasmi. Ye hi vo ariyā upaṭṭhitassatī araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti tesamahaṃ aññataro’ti. Etamahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, upaṭṭhitassatitaṃ attani sampassamāno bhiyyo pallomamāpādiṃ araññe vihārāya.
47婆罗门，那时我这样想：‘那些心不安定、散乱，却还去受用阿兰若、林野、偏远坐卧处的沙门或婆罗门，正是由于心不安定、散乱这个过失，这些沙门婆罗门尊者们才招来了不善的怖畏惊骇。可我不是心不安定、散乱而去受用阿兰若、林野、偏远坐卧处的，我是已得定的人。在那些已得定而受用阿兰若、林野、偏远坐卧处的圣者们当中，我就是其中一位。’婆罗门，当我在自己身上看到这份定成就时，对于住在林野就更加感到安心了。
‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, etadahosi – ‘ye kho keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā asamāhitā vibbhantacittā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti, asamāhitavibbhantacittasandosahetu have te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā akusalaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti. Na kho panāhaṃ asamāhito vibbhantacitto araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevāmi; samādhisampannohamasmi. Ye hi vo ariyā samādhisampannā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti tesamahaṃ aññataro’ti. Etamahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, samādhisampadaṃ attani sampassamāno bhiyyo pallomamāpādiṃ araññe vihārāya.
48婆罗门，那时我这样想：‘那些智慧不足、愚钝，却还去受用阿兰若、林野、偏远坐卧处的沙门或婆罗门，正是由于智慧不足、愚钝这个过失，这些沙门婆罗门尊者们才招来了不善的怖畏惊骇。可我不是智慧不足、愚钝而去受用阿兰若、林野、偏远坐卧处的，我是具足智慧的人。在那些具足智慧而受用阿兰若、林野、偏远坐卧处的圣者们当中，我就是其中一位。’婆罗门，当我在自己身上看到这份智慧成就时，对于住在林野就更加感到安心了。
‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, etadahosi – ‘ye kho keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā duppaññā eḷamūgā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti, duppaññaeḷamūgasandosahetu have te bhonto samaṇabrāhmaṇā akusalaṃ bhayabheravaṃ avhāyanti. Na kho panāhaṃ duppañño eḷamūgo araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevāmi; paññāsampannohamasmi. Ye hi vo ariyā paññāsampannā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevanti tesamahaṃ aññataro’ti. Etamahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, paññāsampadaṃ attani sampassamāno bhiyyo pallomamāpādiṃ araññe vihārāya.
16十六种行相完
Soḷasapariyāyaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.
49婆罗门，那时我这样想：‘我何不在那些众所周知的夜晚——也就是每个半月的十四、十五和初八日——在那样的夜晚，去那些能引发恐惧、令人毛骨悚然的园林塔庙、森林塔庙、树下塔庙那样的坐卧处住下来呢？或许我就能见到那种怖畏惊骇了。’婆罗门，后来，在那些众所周知的夜晚——也就是每个半月的十四、十五和初八日——在那样的夜晚，我就去那些能引发恐惧、令人毛骨悚然的园林塔庙、森林塔庙、树下塔庙那样的坐卧处住下。婆罗门，我住在那里时，有时有鹿过来，有时有孔雀弄掉木柴，有时有风吹动落叶沙沙作响。婆罗门，那时我就想：‘这一定就是怖畏惊骇来了！’婆罗门，那时我这样想：‘我干嘛老是等着恐惧降临呢？怖畏惊骇无论以什么样子来，我就用那样子把它调伏。’婆罗门，当我正在经行时，那种怖畏惊骇来了。婆罗门，我既不停住、也不坐下、也不躺下，一定要在经行之中把那种怖畏惊骇调伏为止。婆罗门，当我正在站立时，那种怖畏惊骇来了。婆罗门，我既不开始经行、也不坐下、也不躺下，一定要在站立之中把那种怖畏惊骇调伏为止。婆罗门，当我正坐着时，那种怖畏惊骇来了。婆罗门，我既不躺下、也不站立、也不开始经行，一定要在坐着之中把那种怖畏惊骇调伏为止。婆罗门，当我正躺着时，那种怖畏惊骇来了。婆罗门，我既不坐起来、也不站立、也不开始经行，一定要在躺着之中把那种怖畏惊骇调伏为止。
‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, etadahosi – ‘yaṃnūnāhaṃ yā tā rattiyo abhiññātā abhilakkhitā – cātuddasī pañcadasī aṭṭhamī ca pakkhassa – tathārūpāsu rattīsu yāni tāni ārāmacetiyāni vanacetiyāni rukkhacetiyāni bhiṃsanakāni salomahaṃsāni tathārūpesu senāsanesu vihareyyaṃ appeva nāmāhaṃ bhayabheravaṃ passeyya’nti. So kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, aparena samayena yā tā rattiyo abhiññātā abhilakkhitā – cātuddasī pañcadasī aṭṭhamī ca pakkhassa – tathārūpāsu rattīsu yāni tāni ārāmacetiyāni vanacetiyāni rukkhacetiyāni bhiṃsanakāni salomahaṃsāni tathārūpesu senāsanesu viharāmi. Tattha ca me, brāhmaṇa, viharato mago vā āgacchati, moro vā kaṭṭhaṃ pāteti, vāto vā paṇṇakasaṭaṃ ereti; tassa mayhaṃ brāhmaṇa etadahosi – ‘etaṃ nūna taṃ bhayabheravaṃ āgacchatī’ti. Tassa mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, etadahosi – ‘kiṃ nu kho ahaṃ aññadatthu bhayapaṭikaṅkhī viharāmi? Yaṃnūnāhaṃ yathābhūtaṃ yathābhūtassa me taṃ bhayabheravaṃ āgacchati, tathābhūtaṃ tathābhūtova taṃ bhayabheravaṃ paṭivineyya’nti. Tassa mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, caṅkamantassa taṃ bhayabheravaṃ āgacchati. So kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, neva tāva tiṭṭhāmi na nisīdāmi na nipajjāmi, yāva caṅkamantova taṃ bhayabheravaṃ paṭivinemi. Tassa mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, ṭhitassa taṃ bhayabheravaṃ āgacchati. So kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, neva tāva caṅkamāmi na nisīdāmi na nipajjāmi. Yāva ṭhitova taṃ bhayabheravaṃ paṭivinemi. Tassa mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, nisinnassa taṃ bhayabheravaṃ āgacchati. So kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, neva tāva nipajjāmi na tiṭṭhāmi na caṅkamāmi, yāva nisinnova taṃ bhayabheravaṃ paṭivinemi. Tassa mayhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, nipannassa taṃ bhayabheravaṃ āgacchati. So kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, neva tāva nisīdāmi na tiṭṭhāmi na caṅkamāmi, yāva nipannova taṃ bhayabheravaṃ paṭivinemi.
50婆罗门，有一些沙门和婆罗门，明明是夜晚，他们却认为是白天；明明是白天，他们却认为是夜晚。我说这其实是那些沙门婆罗门生活在迷惑状态里。而我呢，婆罗门，夜晚就是夜晚，我清楚地知道是夜晚；白天就是白天，我清楚地知道是白天。婆罗门，如果有谁能被这样正确地说——‘一个不迷惑的有情，为了利益众人、为了安乐众人、出于对世间的悲悯，为了天人的利益、福祉和安乐，出现在这世间’——那么说的一定就是我。
‘‘Santi kho pana, brāhmaṇa, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā rattiṃyeva samānaṃ divāti sañjānanti, divāyeva samānaṃ rattīti sañjānanti. Idamahaṃ tesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ sammohavihārasmiṃ vadāmi. Ahaṃ kho pana, brāhmaṇa, rattiṃyeva samānaṃ rattīti sañjānāmi, divāyeva samānaṃ divāti sañjānāmi. Yaṃ kho taṃ, brāhmaṇa, sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘asammohadhammo satto loke uppanno bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussāna’nti, mameva taṃ sammā vadamāno vadeyya – ‘asammohadhammo satto loke uppanno bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussāna’nti.
51婆罗门，那时，我已经发起了不懈怠的精进，正念现前而不忘失，身体轻安而不躁动，心已得定，专注一处。婆罗门，我远离了感官欲乐，远离了不善法，进入了有寻、有伺，由离而生起的喜乐所充满的初禅，并安住其中。随着寻与伺的平息，我进入了内心净信、心归于一境的无寻、无伺，由定而生起的喜乐所充满的第二禅，并安住其中。随着喜的消退，我安住于舍，拥有正念与正知，并且以身体体验到乐——也就是圣者们所说的‘舍、具念、住于乐’——我进入了第三禅，并安住其中。随着舍弃了乐，也舍弃了苦，先前所有的喜悦与忧恼都已经消失，我进入了不苦不乐，由舍所带动的正念清净所构成的第四禅，并安住其中。
‘‘Āraddhaṃ kho pana me, brāhmaṇa, vīriyaṃ ahosi asallīnaṃ, upaṭṭhitā sati asammuṭṭhā , passaddho kāyo asāraddho, samāhitaṃ cittaṃ ekaggaṃ. So kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihāsiṃ. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihāsiṃ. Pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca vihāsiṃ, sato ca sampajāno sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedesiṃ; yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti – ‘upekkhako satimā sukhavihārī’ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihāsiṃ. Sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja vihāsiṃ.
52当我的心如此入定、清净、明净、无秽、离杂染、柔软、适合运作、安住不动时，我把心导向了宿命智。我回忆起种种过去世，例如：一世、两世、三世、四世、五世、十世、二十世、三十世、四十世、五十世、一百世、一千世、十万世、许多坏劫、许多成劫、许多成坏劫。‘在那里，我有这样的名、这样的姓、这样的容貌、这样的食物、这样感受苦乐、这样的寿限；从那里死后，我又在某处投生；在那里，我又有这样的名、这样的姓、这样的容貌、这样的食物、这样感受苦乐、这样的寿限；从那里死后，又在此处投生。’像这样，我回忆起种种过去世的形态与细节。婆罗门，这就是我在初夜证得的第一明。无明被摧毁，明生起了；黑暗被摧毁，光明生起了。这正是不放逸、热忱、精进而住者的成果。
‘‘So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmesiṃ. So anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe – ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ; tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti. Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarāmi. Ayaṃ kho me, brāhmaṇa, rattiyā paṭhame yāme paṭhamā vijjā adhigatā, avijjā vihatā vijjā uppannā, tamo vihato āloko uppanno, yathā taṃ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato.
53当我的心如此入定、清净、明净、无秽、离杂染、柔软、适合运作、安住不动时，我把心导向了众生死生智。我用那清净、超越凡夫的天眼，看到众生正在死去、正在投生，有低劣的、有高尚的，有美丽的、有丑陋的，有去善趣的、有去恶趣的，我如实了知他们全都是根据各自业力而流转：‘这些尊者们，确实具备身恶行、具备语恶行、具备意恶行，诽谤圣者，持有邪见，造作邪见之业；他们在身体破裂、死后，投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。而这些尊者们，确实具备身善行、具备语善行、具备意善行，不诽谤圣者，持有正见，造作正见之业；他们在身体破裂、死后，投生到善趣、天界。’像这样，我用那清净、超越凡夫的天眼，看到众生正在死去、正在投生，有低劣的、有高尚的，有美丽的、有丑陋的，有去善趣的、有去恶趣的，我如实了知他们全都是根据各自业力而流转。婆罗门，这就是我在中夜证得的第二明。无明被摧毁，明生起了；黑暗被摧毁，光明生起了。这正是不放逸、热忱、精进而住者的成果。
‘‘So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte sattānaṃ cutūpapātañāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmesiṃ. So dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passāmi cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāmi – ‘ime vata bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā; te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā. Ime vā pana bhonto sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā; te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā’ti. Iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passāmi cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāmi. Ayaṃ kho me, brāhmaṇa, rattiyā majjhime yāme dutiyā vijjā adhigatā, avijjā vihatā vijjā uppannā, tamo vihato āloko uppanno, yathā taṃ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato.
54当我的心如此入定、清净、明净、无秽、离杂染、柔软、适合运作、安住不动时，我把心导向了漏尽智。我如实地了知：‘这是苦’；如实地了知：‘这是苦的集起’；如实地了知：‘这是苦的息灭’；如实地了知：‘这是导向苦灭的道路’。我如实地了知：‘这些是漏’；如实地了知：‘这是漏的集起’；如实地了知：‘这是漏的息灭’；如实地了知：‘这是导向漏灭的道路’。当我知道这样、看到这样时，我的心就从欲漏中解脱了，从有漏中解脱了，从无明漏中解脱了。解脱时，便有了‘已经解脱’的智。我透彻了知：‘生已尽，梵行已立，应作已作，不再有未来的存在状态。’婆罗门，这就是我在后夜证得的第三明。无明被摧毁，明生起了；黑暗被摧毁，光明生起了。这正是不放逸、热忱、精进而住者的成果。
‘‘So evaṃ samāhite citte parisuddhe pariyodāte anaṅgaṇe vigatūpakkilese mudubhūte kammaniye ṭhite āneñjappatte āsavānaṃ khayañāṇāya cittaṃ abhininnāmesiṃ. So ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ. ‘Ime āsavā’ti yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, ‘ayaṃ āsavasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, ‘ayaṃ āsavanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ, ‘ayaṃ āsavanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ abbhaññāsiṃ. Tassa me evaṃ jānato evaṃ passato kāmāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccittha, bhavāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccittha, avijjāsavāpi cittaṃ vimuccittha. Vimuttasmiṃ vimuttamiti ñāṇaṃ ahosi. ‘Khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti abbhaññāsiṃ. Ayaṃ kho me, brāhmaṇa, rattiyā pacchime yāme tatiyā vijjā adhigatā, avijjā vihatā vijjā uppannā, tamo vihato āloko uppanno, yathā taṃ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato.
55婆罗门，你可能会这么想：‘沙门乔达摩现在恐怕还是没离开贪、没离开嗔、没离开痴的人吧，所以他才会去亲近那些山林、荒野、边远的坐卧处。’ 但是，婆罗门，你不应该这样看。婆罗门，我是看清了两种利益之后，才去亲近那些山林、荒野、边远的坐卧处的：一是看清了自己现世乐住的好处，二是因为哀悯后来的人。
‘‘Siyā kho pana te, brāhmaṇa, evamassa – ‘ajjāpi nūna samaṇo gotamo avītarāgo avītadoso avītamoho, tasmā araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevatī’ti. Na kho panetaṃ, brāhmaṇa, evaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Dve kho ahaṃ, brāhmaṇa, atthavase sampassamāno araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevāmi – attano ca diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāraṃ sampassamāno, pacchimañca janataṃ anukampamāno’’ti.
56看来，乔达摩大师确实出于哀悯而护念着后来的人，这正是阿拉汉、正自觉者的风范啊！真是殊胜啊，乔达摩先生！真是殊胜啊，乔达摩先生！乔达摩先生，就像把翻倒的东西正过来，把盖着的东西揭开，给迷路的人指路，又像在黑暗中举着一盏油灯说：‘有眼睛的人都能看见东西了’；乔达摩大师就是这样，用种种方式为我阐明了法。从今天起，直到生命结束，我都皈依乔达摩大师、皈依法、皈依比丘僧团。请乔达摩大师接受我为在家弟子，一位终身皈依者。
‘‘Anukampitarūpā vatāyaṃ bhotā gotamena pacchimā janatā , yathā taṃ arahatā sammāsambuddhena. Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama! Abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama! Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya – ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.
25怖畏惊骇经完 第四
Bhayabheravasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ catutthaṃ.