MN 3 · 法嗣经
29如是我闻：有一回，世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。在那里，世尊对比丘们说：“比丘们。”那些比丘回应世尊：“尊师。”世尊便说了这番话：
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
2“比丘们，你们要成为我法的继承者，不要成为财物的继承者。我对你们怀有悲悯，心想：‘我的弟子们如何才能成为法的继承者，而不是财物的继承者呢？’比丘们，如果你们成为我的财物继承者，而不是法继承者，你们便因此会被人指责：‘导师的弟子们是作为财物继承者而生活的，不是作为法继承者。’我也会因此被指责：‘导师的弟子们是作为财物继承者而生活的，不是作为法继承者。’比丘们，如果你们成为我的法继承者，而不是财物继承者，你们便不会因此而被指责：‘导师的弟子们是作为法继承者而生活的，不是作为财物继承者。’我也不会因此而被指责：‘导师的弟子们是作为法继承者而生活的，不是作为财物继承者。’所以，比丘们，你们要成为我法的继承者，不要成为财物的继承者。我对你们怀有悲悯，心想：‘我的弟子们如何才能成为法的继承者，而不是财物的继承者呢？’
‘‘Dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. Atthi me tumhesu anukampā – ‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’ti. Tumhe ca me, bhikkhave, āmisadāyādā bhaveyyātha no dhammadāyādā, tumhepi tena ādiyā bhaveyyātha – ‘āmisadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no dhammadāyādā’ti; ahampi tena ādiyo bhaveyyaṃ – ‘āmisadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no dhammadāyādā’ti. Tumhe ca me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhaveyyātha, no āmisadāyādā, tumhepi tena na ādiyā bhaveyyātha – ‘dhammadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no āmisadāyādā’ti; ahampi tena na ādiyo bhaveyyaṃ – ‘dhammadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no āmisadāyādā’ti. Tasmātiha me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. Atthi me tumhesu anukampā – ‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’ti.
30“比丘们，假设我吃饱了，用过了斋饭，感到满足、完满、结束，心满意足，所需已够。而我还有一些剩余、应该被丢弃的团食。这时来了两位被饥渴虚弱所折磨的比丘。我对他们这样说：‘比丘们，我已经吃饱了，用过了斋饭，感到满足、完满、结束，心满意足，所需已够。我这里还有这些剩余、应该被丢弃的团食。如果你们想吃的话，就吃吧。如果你们不吃，我现在就要把它丢到没有草木的地方，或者沉进没有生物的水里了。’这时，其中一位比丘这样想：‘世尊已经吃饱了，用过了斋饭，感到满足、完满、结束，心满意足，所需已够。而世尊的这些团食是剩余的、应该被丢弃的。如果我们不吃，世尊就会把它丢到没有草木的地方，或者沉进没有生物的水里。然而世尊这样说过：“比丘们，你们要成为我法的继承者，不要成为财物的继承者。”这团食可是某种财物啊。我不如不吃这团食，就这样忍受着饥渴虚弱，撑过这一天一夜。’他没有吃那团食，就这样忍受着饥渴虚弱，撑过了那一天一夜。接着，第二位比丘这样想：‘世尊已经吃饱了，用过了斋饭，感到满足、完满、结束，心满意足，所需已够。而世尊的这些团食是剩余的、应该被丢弃的。如果我们不吃，世尊就会把它丢到没有草木的地方，或者沉进没有生物的水里。我不如吃了这团食，驱除饥渴虚弱，再这样撑过这一天一夜。’他吃了那团食，驱除饥渴虚弱，就这样撑过了那一天一夜。比丘们，尽管那位比丘吃了那团食，驱除饥渴虚弱，撑过了那一天一夜，但在我看来，那位先前的比丘更为可敬、更为可赞。这是什么原因呢？比丘们，因为那位比丘的选择，长远来看，会导向少欲、知足、减损烦恼、易于护持与精进努力。所以，比丘们，你们要成为我法的继承者，不要成为财物的继承者。我对你们怀有悲悯，心想：‘我的弟子们如何才能成为法的继承者，而不是财物的继承者呢？’”
‘‘Idhāhaṃ, bhikkhave, bhuttāvī assaṃ pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; siyā ca me piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo . Atha dve bhikkhū āgaccheyyuṃ jighacchādubbalya- paretā . Tyāhaṃ evaṃ vadeyyaṃ – ‘ahaṃ khomhi, bhikkhave, bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; atthi ca me ayaṃ piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. Sace ākaṅkhatha, bhuñjatha, no ce tumhe bhuñjissatha , idānāhaṃ appaharite vā chaḍḍessāmi, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessāmī’ti. Tatrekassa bhikkhuno evamassa – ‘bhagavā kho bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; atthi cāyaṃ bhagavato piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. Sace mayaṃ na bhuñjissāma, idāni bhagavā appaharite vā chaḍḍessati, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessati’ . Vuttaṃ kho panetaṃ bhagavatā – ‘dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā’ti. Āmisaññataraṃ kho panetaṃ, yadidaṃ piṇḍapāto. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ abhuñjitvā imināva jighacchādubbalyena evaṃ imaṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya’’nti. So taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ abhuñjitvā teneva jighacchādubbalyena evaṃ taṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya. Atha dutiyassa bhikkhuno evamassa – ‘bhagavā kho bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; atthi cāyaṃ bhagavato piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. Sace mayaṃ na bhuñjissāma, idāni bhagavā appaharite vā chaḍḍessati, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessati. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṃ paṭivinodetvā evaṃ imaṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya’nti. So taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṃ paṭivinodetvā evaṃ taṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya. Kiñcāpi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṃ paṭivinodetvā evaṃ taṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya, atha kho asuyeva me purimo bhikkhu pujjataro ca pāsaṃsataro ca. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tañhi tassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno dīgharattaṃ appicchatāya santuṭṭhiyā sallekhāya subharatāya vīriyārambhāya saṃvattissati. Tasmātiha me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. Atthi me tumhesu anukampā – ‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’’’ti.
4这便是世尊所说的话。善逝说完这番话后，便从座位起身，走进住所了。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ pāvisi.
31在那里，世尊离开后不久，具寿舍利弗便对比丘们说：“比丘贤友们。”那些比丘回应具寿舍利弗：“贤友。”具寿舍利弗便说了这番话：
Tatra kho āyasmā sāriputto acirapakkantassa bhagavato bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘āvuso bhikkhave’’ti. ‘‘Āvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca –
6“贤友们，一个过着独处生活的导师，他的弟子们在什么情况下是不随学‘远离’的？又在什么情况下是随学‘远离’的呢？”“贤友，我们正是从远方赶来，到具寿舍利弗这里，来理解这番话的意义。要是具寿舍利弗能将这番话的意义说明白，那就太好了。听了具寿舍利弗的开示后，比丘们会将它牢记在心的。”“那么，贤友们，请仔细听，好好地思惟，我要说了。”“好的，贤友。”那些比丘回应具寿舍利弗。具寿舍利弗便如此说：
‘‘Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti, kittāvatā ca pana satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’’ti? ‘‘Dūratopi kho mayaṃ, āvuso, āgacchāma āyasmato sāriputtassa santike etassa bhāsitassa atthamaññātuṃ. Sādhu vatāyasmantaṃyeva sāriputtaṃ paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho; āyasmato sāriputtassa sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hāvuso, suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca –
7“贤友们，当导师过着远离独处的生活时，弟子们怎样算是不随学远离呢？贤友们，这里指的是：导师过着远离独处的生活，弟子们却不随学远离——对于导师教说要断除的那些法，他们不肯断除；他们多欲、懈怠，以退堕为首，在远离这件事上放下了肩头的责任。贤友们，在那种情况下，长老比丘们会因三种理由而应受责备。第一种理由：‘导师过着远离独处的生活，弟子们却不随学远离’——以这第一种理由，长老比丘们应受责备。第二种理由：‘对于导师教说要断除的那些法，他们不肯断除’——以这第二种理由，长老比丘们应受责备。第三种理由：‘他们多欲、懈怠，以退堕为首，在远离这件事上放下了肩头的责任’——以这第三种理由，长老比丘们应受责备。贤友们，长老比丘们就是因这三种理由而应受责备。贤友们，在那种情况下，中座比丘们……新学比丘们也会因三种理由而应受责备。‘导师过着远离独处的生活，弟子们却不随学远离’——以这第一种理由，新学比丘们应受责备。‘对于导师教说要断除的那些法，他们不肯断除’——以这第二种理由，新学比丘们应受责备。‘他们多欲、懈怠，以退堕为首，在远离这件事上放下了肩头的责任’——以这第三种理由，新学比丘们应受责备。贤友们，新学比丘们就是因这三种理由而应受责备。贤友们，到此就是：导师过着远离独处的生活时，弟子们不随学远离的情形。”
‘‘Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti? Idhāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti, yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha, te ca dhamme nappajahanti, bāhulikā ca honti, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā. Tatrāvuso, therā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhantī’ti – iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme nappajahantī’ti – iminā dutiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Bāhulikā ca, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā’ti – iminā tatiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. Therā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. Tatrāvuso, majjhimā bhikkhū…pe… navā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhantī’ti – iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme nappajahantī’ti – iminā dutiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Bāhulikā ca honti, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā’ti – iminā tatiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. Navā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. Ettāvatā kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti.
32“那么，贤友们，导师过着远离独处的生活时，弟子们怎样算是随学远离呢？贤友们，这里指的是：导师过着远离独处的生活，弟子们也在随学远离——对于导师教说要断除的那些法，他们就去断除；他们不会多欲，不会懈怠，在退堕放下了肩头，以远离为首。贤友们，在那种情况下，长老比丘们会因三种理由而应受赞叹。第一种理由：‘导师过着远离独处的生活，弟子们也在随学远离’——以这第一种理由，长老比丘们应受赞叹。第二种理由：‘对于导师教说要断除的那些法，他们就去断除’——以这第二种理由，长老比丘们应受赞叹。第三种理由：‘他们不会多欲，不会懈怠，在退堕放下了肩头，以远离为首’——以这第三种理由，长老比丘们应受赞叹。贤友们，长老比丘们就是因这三种理由而应受赞叹。贤友们，在那种情况下，中座比丘们……新学比丘们也会因三种理由而应受赞叹。‘导师过着远离独处的生活，弟子们也在随学远离’——以这第一种理由，新学比丘们应受赞叹。‘对于导师教说要断除的那些法，他们就去断除’——以这第二种理由，新学比丘们应受赞叹。‘他们不会多欲，不会懈怠，在退堕放下了肩头，以远离为首’——以这第三种理由，新学比丘们应受赞叹。贤友们，新学比丘们就是因这三种理由而应受赞叹。贤友们，到此就是：导师过着远离独处的生活时，弟子们随学远离的情形。”
‘‘Kittāvatā ca, panāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti ? Idhāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti – yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahanti; na ca bāhulikā honti, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā. Tatrāvuso, therā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’ti – iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahantī’ti – iminā dutiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Na ca bāhulikā, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā’ti – iminā tatiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. Therā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti . Tatrāvuso, majjhimā bhikkhū…pe… navā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’ti – iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahantī’ti – iminā dutiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Na ca bāhulikā, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā’ti – iminā tatiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. Navā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. Ettāvatā kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti.
33“贤友们，在那里，贪是恶的，嗔也是恶的。为了断除贪、为了断除嗔，有一条中道，它能生眼、生智，导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃。贤友们，那条能生眼、生智，导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃的中道是什么呢？正是这八支圣道，也就是：正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。贤友们，这就是那条能生眼、生智，导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃的中道。”
‘‘Tatrāvuso, lobho ca pāpako doso ca pāpako. Lobhassa ca pahānāya dosassa ca pahānāya atthi majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Katamā ca sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ kho sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati.
10“贤友们，在那里，忿是恶的，恨也是恶的……覆是恶的，恼也是恶的，嫉是恶的，悭也是恶的，谄是恶的，诳也是恶的，傲是恶的，暴也是恶的，慢是恶的，过慢也是恶的，骄是恶的，放逸也是恶的。为了断除骄、为了断除放逸，有一条中道，它能生眼、生智，导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃。贤友们，那条能生眼、生智，导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃的中道是什么呢？正是这八支圣道，也就是：正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。贤友们，这就是那条能生眼、生智，导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃的中道。”
‘‘Tatrāvuso, kodho ca pāpako upanāho ca pāpako…pe… makkho ca pāpako paḷāso ca pāpako, issā ca pāpikā maccherañca pāpakaṃ, māyā ca pāpikā sāṭheyyañca pāpakaṃ, thambho ca pāpako sārambho ca pāpako, māno ca pāpako atimāno ca pāpako, mado ca pāpako pamādo ca pāpako. Madassa ca pahānāya pamādassa ca pahānāya atthi majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Katamā ca sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ kho sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattatī’’ti.
11这是具寿舍利弗所说的话。那些比丘们内心满意，对具寿舍利弗的开示感到欢喜。
Idamavocāyasmā sāriputto. Attamanā te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
12法嗣经完 第三
Dhammadāyādasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.