MN 3 · 法嗣经
29如是我闻：一时，世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。在那里，世尊对诸比丘说：“诸比丘。”那些比丘应答道：“尊者。”世尊这样说道：
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
2“诸比丘，你们要作我法的继承者，莫作财物的继承者。我出于对你们的悲悯，心想：‘如何让我的弟子成为法的继承者，而非财物的继承者？’诸比丘，倘若你们成为财物的继承者，而不作法的继承者，你们将因此受人指摘：‘导师的弟子以财物继承者身分而住，非以法的继承者。’我也将因此受人指摘：‘导师的弟子以财物继承者身分而住，非以法的继承者。’诸比丘，倘若你们成为法的继承者，而不作财物的继承者，你们便不会因此受人指摘：‘导师的弟子以法的继承者身分而住，非以财物的继承者。’我也不会因此受人指摘：‘导师的弟子以法的继承者身分而住，非以财物的继承者。’是故，诸比丘，你们要作我法的继承者，莫作财物的继承者。我出于对你们的悲悯，心想：‘如何让我的弟子成为法的继承者，而非财物的继承者？’
‘‘Dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. Atthi me tumhesu anukampā – ‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’ti. Tumhe ca me, bhikkhave, āmisadāyādā bhaveyyātha no dhammadāyādā, tumhepi tena ādiyā bhaveyyātha – ‘āmisadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no dhammadāyādā’ti; ahampi tena ādiyo bhaveyyaṃ – ‘āmisadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no dhammadāyādā’ti. Tumhe ca me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhaveyyātha, no āmisadāyādā, tumhepi tena na ādiyā bhaveyyātha – ‘dhammadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no āmisadāyādā’ti; ahampi tena na ādiyo bhaveyyaṃ – ‘dhammadāyādā satthusāvakā viharanti, no āmisadāyādā’ti. Tasmātiha me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. Atthi me tumhesu anukampā – ‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’ti.
30“诸比丘，假设我已饱食，用过斋饭，饱满、满足、结束，身心安足，所需已够。而我尚有剩余、应当弃舍的团食。此时，有两位比丘前来，正被饥饿与虚弱所折磨。我便对他们这样说：‘诸比丘，我已饱食，用过斋饭，饱满、满足、结束，身心安足，所需已够。我这里还有这些剩余、应当弃舍的团食。如果你们有意愿，就请受用。如果你们不受用，我现在就要将它弃于无草木之处，或沉入无生物的水中。’那时，其中一位比丘这样想：‘世尊已经饱食，用过斋饭，饱满、满足、结束，身心安足，所需已够。而世尊的这些团食是剩余的、应当弃舍的。如果我们不受用，世尊就会将它弃于无草木之处，或沉入无生物的水中。然而世尊曾这样说过：“诸比丘，你们要成为我法的继承者，不要成为财物的继承者。”这团食正是某种财物。我宁可不受用这团食，就这样忍受着饥饿与虚弱，支撑过这一天一夜。’他不受用那团食，就这样忍受着饥饿与虚弱，支撑过了那一天一夜。接着，第二位比丘这样想：‘世尊已经饱食，用过斋饭，饱满、满足、结束，身心安足，所需已够。而世尊的这些团食是剩余的、应当弃舍的。如果我们不受用，世尊就会将它弃于无草木之处，或沉入无生物的水中。我不如受用这团食，驱除饥饿与虚弱，再这样支撑过这一天一夜。’他受用了那团食，驱除饥饿与虚弱，就这样支撑过了那一天一夜。诸比丘，尽管那位比丘受用了那团食，驱除饥饿与虚弱，支撑过了那一天一夜，但在我看来，先前那位比丘更为可敬、更为可赞。这是什么原因呢？诸比丘，因为那位比丘的抉择，长远来看，将导向少欲、知足、减损烦恼、易于护持与精进努力。因此，诸比丘，你们要成为我法的继承者，不要成为财物的继承者。我对你们怀有悲悯，心想：‘我的弟子们如何才能成为法的继承者，而不是财物的继承者呢？’”
‘‘Idhāhaṃ, bhikkhave, bhuttāvī assaṃ pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; siyā ca me piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo . Atha dve bhikkhū āgaccheyyuṃ jighacchādubbalya- paretā . Tyāhaṃ evaṃ vadeyyaṃ – ‘ahaṃ khomhi, bhikkhave, bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; atthi ca me ayaṃ piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. Sace ākaṅkhatha, bhuñjatha, no ce tumhe bhuñjissatha , idānāhaṃ appaharite vā chaḍḍessāmi, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessāmī’ti. Tatrekassa bhikkhuno evamassa – ‘bhagavā kho bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; atthi cāyaṃ bhagavato piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. Sace mayaṃ na bhuñjissāma, idāni bhagavā appaharite vā chaḍḍessati, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessati’ . Vuttaṃ kho panetaṃ bhagavatā – ‘dhammadāyādā me, bhikkhave, bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā’ti. Āmisaññataraṃ kho panetaṃ, yadidaṃ piṇḍapāto. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ abhuñjitvā imināva jighacchādubbalyena evaṃ imaṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya’’nti. So taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ abhuñjitvā teneva jighacchādubbalyena evaṃ taṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya. Atha dutiyassa bhikkhuno evamassa – ‘bhagavā kho bhuttāvī pavārito paripuṇṇo pariyosito suhito yāvadattho; atthi cāyaṃ bhagavato piṇḍapāto atirekadhammo chaḍḍanīyadhammo. Sace mayaṃ na bhuñjissāma, idāni bhagavā appaharite vā chaḍḍessati, appāṇake vā udake opilāpessati. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṃ paṭivinodetvā evaṃ imaṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya’nti. So taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṃ paṭivinodetvā evaṃ taṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya. Kiñcāpi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu taṃ piṇḍapātaṃ bhuñjitvā jighacchādubbalyaṃ paṭivinodetvā evaṃ taṃ rattindivaṃ vītināmeyya, atha kho asuyeva me purimo bhikkhu pujjataro ca pāsaṃsataro ca. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tañhi tassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno dīgharattaṃ appicchatāya santuṭṭhiyā sallekhāya subharatāya vīriyārambhāya saṃvattissati. Tasmātiha me, bhikkhave, dhammadāyādā bhavatha, mā āmisadāyādā. Atthi me tumhesu anukampā – ‘kinti me sāvakā dhammadāyādā bhaveyyuṃ, no āmisadāyādā’’’ti.
4这是世尊所说。善逝说完后，从座起身，进入住处。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato uṭṭhāyāsanā vihāraṃ pāvisi.
31那时，世尊离去后不久，具寿舍利弗便对诸比丘说：“贤友们，比丘们！”“贤友！”诸比丘回应具寿舍利弗。具寿舍利弗如是说：
Tatra kho āyasmā sāriputto acirapakkantassa bhagavato bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘āvuso bhikkhave’’ti. ‘‘Āvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca –
6“贤友们，一位安住于独处的导师，其弟子们在何种情况下不随学‘远离’？又在何种情况下随学‘远离’呢？”“贤友，我们从远方而来，正是为了到具寿舍利弗跟前，了知这段话的含义。若具寿舍利弗能将此义阐明，那实为善妙。诸比丘听闻具寿舍利弗的开示后，自当谨记于心。”“那么，贤友们，请仔细听，善加思惟，我今当说。”“‘好的，贤友。’那些比丘回答具寿舍利弗。具寿舍利弗便这样说：
‘‘Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti, kittāvatā ca pana satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’’ti? ‘‘Dūratopi kho mayaṃ, āvuso, āgacchāma āyasmato sāriputtassa santike etassa bhāsitassa atthamaññātuṃ. Sādhu vatāyasmantaṃyeva sāriputtaṃ paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho; āyasmato sāriputtassa sutvā bhikkhū dhāressantī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hāvuso, suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha, bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa paccassosuṃ. Āyasmā sāriputto etadavoca –
7“贤友们，在导师过着远离独处的生活时，怎样的情况算是弟子们不随学远离呢？贤友们，是这样：导师正过着远离独处的生活，弟子们却不随学远离——对于导师教导应当断除的那些法，他们不肯断除；他们多欲、懈怠，以退堕为先，于远离一事放下了肩负的责任。贤友们，在那样的情形中，长老比丘们会由于三种原因而应受责备。第一种原因：‘导师过着远离独处的生活，弟子们却不随学远离’——以此第一种原因，长老比丘们应受责备。第二种原因：‘对于导师教导应当断除的那些法，他们不肯断除’——以此第二种原因，长老比丘们应受责备。第三种原因：‘他们多欲、懈怠，以退堕为先，于远离一事放下了肩负的责任’——以此第三种原因，长老比丘们应受责备。贤友们，长老比丘们便是由于这三种原因而应受责备。贤友们，在那样的情形中，中座比丘们……新学比丘们也会由于三种原因而应受责备。‘导师过着远离独处的生活，弟子们却不随学远离’——以此第一种原因，新学比丘们应受责备。‘对于导师教导应当断除的那些法，他们不肯断除’——以此第二种原因，新学比丘们应受责备。‘他们多欲、懈怠，以退堕为先，于远离一事放下了肩负的责任’——以此第三种原因，新学比丘们应受责备。贤友们，新学比丘们便是由于这三种原因而应受责备。贤友们，以上便是：在导师过着远离独处的生活时，弟子们不随学远离的情况。”
‘‘Kittāvatā nu kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti? Idhāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti, yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha, te ca dhamme nappajahanti, bāhulikā ca honti, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā. Tatrāvuso, therā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhantī’ti – iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme nappajahantī’ti – iminā dutiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Bāhulikā ca, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā’ti – iminā tatiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. Therā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. Tatrāvuso, majjhimā bhikkhū…pe… navā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhantī’ti – iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme nappajahantī’ti – iminā dutiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. ‘Bāhulikā ca honti, sāthalikā, okkamane pubbaṅgamā, paviveke nikkhittadhurā’ti – iminā tatiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū gārayhā bhavanti. Navā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi gārayhā bhavanti. Ettāvatā kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekaṃ nānusikkhanti.
32那么，贤友们，当导师安住于远离独处时，弟子们如何才算是随学远离呢？贤友们，即是：导师安住于远离独处，弟子们亦随学远离——凡导师教导应当断除的法，他们便予以断除；他们不多欲，不懈怠，不因退堕而弃舍肩头的责任，以远离为先。贤友们，于此情形中，长老诸比丘以三种理由应受赞叹。‘导师安住于远离独处，弟子们亦随学远离’——以此第一种理由，长老诸比丘应受赞叹。‘凡导师教导应当断除的法，他们便予以断除’——以此第二种理由，长老诸比丘应受赞叹。‘他们不多欲，不懈怠，不因退堕而弃舍肩头的责任，以远离为先’——以此第三种理由，长老诸比丘应受赞叹。贤友们，长老诸比丘正是以此三种理由应受赞叹。贤友们，于此情形中，中座诸比丘……乃至新学诸比丘，也以此三种理由应受赞叹。‘导师安住于远离独处，弟子们亦随学远离’——以此第一种理由，新学诸比丘应受赞叹。‘凡导师教导应当断除的法，他们便予以断除’——以此第二种理由，新学诸比丘应受赞叹。‘他们不多欲，不懈怠，不因退堕而弃舍肩头的责任，以远离为先’——以此第三种理由，新学诸比丘应受赞叹。贤友们，新学诸比丘正是以此三种理由应受赞叹。
‘‘Kittāvatā ca, panāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti ? Idhāvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti – yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahanti; na ca bāhulikā honti, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā. Tatrāvuso, therā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’ti – iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahantī’ti – iminā dutiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Na ca bāhulikā, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā’ti – iminā tatiyena ṭhānena therā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. Therā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti . Tatrāvuso, majjhimā bhikkhū…pe… navā bhikkhū tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhantī’ti – iminā paṭhamena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Yesañca dhammānaṃ satthā pahānamāha te ca dhamme pajahantī’ti – iminā dutiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. ‘Na ca bāhulikā, na sāthalikā okkamane nikkhittadhurā paviveke pubbaṅgamā’ti – iminā tatiyena ṭhānena navā bhikkhū pāsaṃsā bhavanti. Navā, āvuso, bhikkhū imehi tīhi ṭhānehi pāsaṃsā bhavanti. Ettāvatā kho, āvuso, satthu pavivittassa viharato sāvakā vivekamanusikkhanti.
33“贤友们，贪是恶，嗔也是恶。为断除贪、为断除嗔，有一条中道，能生眼、生智，导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃。贤友们，那能生眼、生智，导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃的中道是什么呢？正是这八支圣道，即：正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。贤友们，这就是能生眼、生智，导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃的中道。”
‘‘Tatrāvuso, lobho ca pāpako doso ca pāpako. Lobhassa ca pahānāya dosassa ca pahānāya atthi majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Katamā ca sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ kho sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati.
10“贤友们，忿是恶，恨也是恶；覆是恶，恼也是恶；嫉是恶，悭也是恶；谄是恶，诳也是恶；顽固是恶，暴也是恶；慢是恶，过慢也是恶；骄是恶，放逸也是恶。为断除骄、为断除放逸，有一条中道，能生眼、生智，导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃。贤友们，那能生眼、生智，导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃的中道是什么呢？正是这八支圣道，即：正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。贤友们，这就是能生眼、生智，导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃的中道。”
‘‘Tatrāvuso, kodho ca pāpako upanāho ca pāpako…pe… makkho ca pāpako paḷāso ca pāpako, issā ca pāpikā maccherañca pāpakaṃ, māyā ca pāpikā sāṭheyyañca pāpakaṃ, thambho ca pāpako sārambho ca pāpako, māno ca pāpako atimāno ca pāpako, mado ca pāpako pamādo ca pāpako. Madassa ca pahānāya pamādassa ca pahānāya atthi majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Katamā ca sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ kho sā, āvuso, majjhimā paṭipadā cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattatī’’ti.
11具寿舍利弗如此说。比丘们心满意足，对具寿舍利弗的开示欢喜信受。
Idamavocāyasmā sāriputto. Attamanā te bhikkhū āyasmato sāriputtassa bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
12《法嗣经》终 第三
Dhammadāyādasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.