MN 34 · 小牧牛者经
350如是我闻：一时，世尊住在跋耆国郁伽切罗的恒河岸边。在那里，世尊对诸比丘说：“诸比丘。”那些比丘应答道：“尊者。”世尊便如此说道：
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vajjīsu viharati ukkacelāyaṃ gaṅgāya nadiyā tīre. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
2“诸比丘，往昔，摩揭陀有一位牧牛人，生性愚钝。在雨季的最后一个月——秋季时节，他不曾仔细观察恒河的此岸，也不曾仔细观察对岸，竟在一处并非渡口的地方，驱赶牛群渡向对岸，前往苏维德哈人的地界。然而，诸比丘，那些牛在恒河中流被水流卷得团团打转，便在那里遭遇了灾祸与毁灭。何以故？诸比丘，正是因为这位摩揭陀的牧牛人生性愚钝，在雨季的最后一个月、秋季时节，不曾仔细观察恒河的此岸，也不曾仔细观察对岸，便于并非渡口之处，将牛群驱向对岸。同样地，诸比丘，世间若有沙门或婆罗门，对此世间不善巧，对彼世间不善巧，对魔境不善巧，对非魔境不善巧，对死境不善巧，对非死境不善巧，那么，那些认为应听信他们的人，便将因此长久地遭受损害与痛苦。”
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ , bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako duppaññajātiko, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, asamavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, asamavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, atittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, gāvo majjhegaṅgāya nadiyā sote āmaṇḍaliyaṃ karitvā tattheva anayabyasanaṃ āpajjiṃsu. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so, bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako duppaññajātiko, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, asamavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, asamavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, atittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā akusalā imassa lokassa akusalā parassa lokassa, akusalā māradheyyassa akusalā amāradheyyassa, akusalā maccudheyyassa akusalā amaccudheyyassa, tesaṃ ye sotabbaṃ saddahātabbaṃ maññissanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya.
351“诸比丘，从前有位摩揭陀的牧牛人，天资聪慧。在雨季最后一个月，也就是秋季时节，他仔细审视了恒河的此岸，也仔细审视了对岸，然后从一处渡口将牛群赶向对岸，赶到苏维德哈人的领地。他首先赶过去的是那些领头的公牛、牛群的守护者与带领者。它们顶流横渡恒河，安然抵达彼岸。接着，他又赶过去一批强壮而驯服的牛。它们同样顶流横渡恒河，安然抵达彼岸。再接着，他又赶过去一批半大的公牛和母牛。它们也同样顶流横渡恒河，安然抵达彼岸。随后，他又赶过去一批瘦弱的小牛犊。它们也同样顶流横渡恒河，安然抵达彼岸。这其中，诸比丘，有一些刚出生不久的小牛犊，它们被母牛的牵引力拉着，随流漂游，也同样顶流横渡恒河，安然抵达彼岸。这是什么缘故呢？诸比丘，正是因为那位摩揭陀的牧牛人天资聪慧，在雨季最后一个月，秋季时节，仔细审视了恒河的此岸，也仔细审视了对岸，才从渡口将牛群赶向对岸。同样地，诸比丘，世间若有任何沙门或婆罗门，对此世间善巧，对彼世间善巧，对魔境善巧，对非魔境善巧，对死境善巧，对非死境善巧，那么，那些愿意信受他们的人，必将长久获得利益和安乐。”
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako sappaññajātiko, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, samavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, samavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, tittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. So paṭhamaṃ patāresi ye te usabhā gopitaro gopariṇāyakā. Te tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Athāpare patāresi balavagāvo dammagāvo. Tepi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Athāpare patāresi vacchatare vacchatariyo. Tepi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Athāpare patāresi vacchake kisābalake . Tepi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, vacchako taruṇako tāvadeva jātako mātugoravakena vuyhamāno, sopi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamāsi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so, bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako sappaññajātiko , vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, samavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, samavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, tittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā kusalā imassa lokassa kusalā parassa lokassa, kusalā māradheyyassa kusalā amāradheyyassa, kusalā maccudheyyassa kusalā amaccudheyyassa, tesaṃ ye sotabbaṃ saddahātabbaṃ maññissanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya.
352“诸比丘，如他们牡牛，为牛群之父、牛群之首，横断恒河之流，安然至彼岸；正复如是，诸比丘，诸阿拉汉比丘，已断诸漏，梵行已立，所作已办，已卸重负，彻证己利，尽灭有结，依正智而解脱者，他们亦横断魔流，安然至彼岸。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, ye te usabhā gopitaro gopariṇāyakā te tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū arahanto khīṇāsavā vusitavanto katakaraṇīyā ohitabhārā anuppattasadatthā parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojanā sammadaññā vimuttā, te tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gatā.
5“诸位比丘，犹如那些强壮而驯服的牛，横切恒河水流，安全抵达彼岸；同样地，诸位比丘，那些彻底断尽五下分结、化生彼处、于彼般涅槃、不再从那世间退转的比丘，他们也将横切魔流，安全抵达彼岸。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi te, bhikkhave, balavagāvo dammagāvo tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātikā tattha parinibbāyino anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
6“诸位比丘，犹如那些小公牛与母牛，横切恒河水流，安全抵达彼岸；同样地，诸位比丘，那些断尽三结、贪嗔痴变得微薄、成为一来者、只来此世间一次即作苦边际的比丘，他们也将横切魔流，安全抵达彼岸。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi te, bhikkhave, vacchatarā vacchatariyo tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmino sakiṃdeva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantaṃ karissanti, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
7诸位比丘，犹如那些瘦弱的小牛犊，横切恒河水流，安全抵达彼岸；同样地，诸位比丘，那些断尽三结、成为入流者、不堕恶趣、已得决定、必趣正觉的比丘，他们也将横切魔流，安全抵达彼岸。
‘‘Seyyathāpi te, bhikkhave, vacchakā kisābalakā tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpannā avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyanā, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
8诸比丘，正如那头刚出生的幼犊，受母牛低唤的牵引，横切恒河水流，安然抵达彼岸；同样地，那些随法行者、随信行者的比丘，亦将横切魔流，安然抵达彼岸。
‘‘Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, vacchako taruṇako tāvadeva jātako mātugoravakena vuyhamāno tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamāsi, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū dhammānusārino saddhānusārino, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
9“诸比丘，我于世间善巧，于他世间善巧，于魔境善巧，于非魔境善巧，于死境善巧，于非死境善巧。诸比丘，若有人思惟我堪闻、堪信，那将为彼带来长久的利益与安乐。”
‘‘Ahaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, kusalo imassa lokassa kusalo parassa lokassa, kusalo māradheyyassa kusalo amāradheyyassa, kusalo maccudheyyassa kusalo amaccudheyyassa. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, ye sotabbaṃ saddahātabbaṃ maññissanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti.
10世尊如是说。善逝说已，导师又宣说此偈：
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvā sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
11有此世间、有他世间，这已被觉者善巧开示；
‘‘Ayaṃ loko paro loko, jānatā suppakāsito;
12以及魔罗所及的范围，和死亡所不及之处。
Yañca mārena sampattaṃ, appattaṃ yañca maccunā.
13正自觉者、了知者以证智彻知一切世间；
‘‘Sabbaṃ lokaṃ abhiññāya, sambuddhena pajānatā;
14不死之门已打开，为安稳，为涅槃的证得。
Vivaṭaṃ amatadvāraṃ, khemaṃ nibbānapattiyā.
15恶魔之流已斩断，已摧毁，已根除。
‘‘Chinnaṃ pāpimato sotaṃ, viddhastaṃ vinaḷīkataṃ;
16诸比丘，应充满喜悦，你们已达安稳之境。
Pāmojjabahulā hotha, khemaṃ pattattha bhikkhavo’’ti.
17《小牧牛者经》终，第四。
Cūḷagopālakasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ catutthaṃ.