MN 34 · 小牧牛者经
350如是我闻：有一次，世尊住在瓦基国的恒河岸边，一个叫伍咖切喇的地方。那时，世尊对比丘们说：“诸位比丘。”那些比丘回应世尊：“尊师。”世尊便这样说道：
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā vajjīsu viharati ukkacelāyaṃ gaṅgāya nadiyā tīre. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
2“诸位比丘，从前，有一个摩揭陀的牧牛人，生性愚笨。在雨季的最后一个月，也就是秋季的时节，他没有仔细观察恒河的此岸，也没有仔细观察对岸，就在一个根本不是渡口的地方，把牛群赶向对岸，赶往苏维德哈人的领地。结果呢，诸位比丘，那些牛在恒河中央的水流中打起转来，就在那里遭遇了灾祸和不幸。这是什么原因呢？诸位比丘，正是因为那个摩揭陀的牧牛人生性愚笨，在雨季的最后一个月，秋季的时节，没有仔细观察恒河的此岸，也没有仔细观察对岸，就在根本不是渡口的地方把牛群赶向对岸。同样地，诸位比丘，世间任何沙门或婆罗门，如果对此世间不善巧，对彼世间不善巧，对魔境不善巧，对非魔境不善巧，对死境不善巧，对非死境不善巧，那么，那些认为应该听信他们的人，将会因此长久地遭受伤害和痛苦。”
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ , bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako duppaññajātiko, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, asamavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, asamavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, atittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, gāvo majjhegaṅgāya nadiyā sote āmaṇḍaliyaṃ karitvā tattheva anayabyasanaṃ āpajjiṃsu. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so, bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako duppaññajātiko, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, asamavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, asamavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, atittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā akusalā imassa lokassa akusalā parassa lokassa, akusalā māradheyyassa akusalā amāradheyyassa, akusalā maccudheyyassa akusalā amaccudheyyassa, tesaṃ ye sotabbaṃ saddahātabbaṃ maññissanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ ahitāya dukkhāya.
351“诸位比丘，从前，有一个摩揭陀的牧牛人，生性聪明。在雨季的最后一个月，也就是秋季的时节，他仔细观察了恒河的此岸，也仔细观察了对岸，才在一个正式的渡口处，把牛群赶向对岸，赶往苏维德哈人的领地。他先赶过去的是那些领头的老公牛，这群牛的领导者。它们横着切断恒河的水流，安全地到达了彼岸。然后，他又赶过去一批强壮、被驯服好的牛。它们也同样横着切断恒河的水流，安全地到达了彼岸。接着，他又赶过去一批半大的公牛和母牛。它们也同样横着切断恒河的水流，安全地到达了彼岸。随后，他又赶过去一批瘦弱的小牛犊。它们也同样横着切断恒河的水流，安全地到达了彼岸。这其中，诸位比丘，有一头刚出生不久的小牛犊，它是借着跟随母牛的牵引力，随着水流漂游，也同样横着切断恒河的水流，安全地到达了彼岸。这是什么原因呢？诸位比丘，正是因为那个摩揭陀的牧牛人生性聪明，在雨季的最后一个月，秋季的时节，仔细观察了恒河的此岸，也仔细观察了对岸，才在正式的渡口处把牛群赶向对岸。同样地，诸位比丘，世间任何沙门或婆罗门，如果对此世间善巧，对彼世间善巧，对魔境善巧，对非魔境善巧，对死境善巧，对非死境善巧，那么，那些认为应该听信他们的人，将会因此长久地获得利益和安乐。”
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako sappaññajātiko, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, samavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, samavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, tittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. So paṭhamaṃ patāresi ye te usabhā gopitaro gopariṇāyakā. Te tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Athāpare patāresi balavagāvo dammagāvo. Tepi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Athāpare patāresi vacchatare vacchatariyo. Tepi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Athāpare patāresi vacchake kisābalake . Tepi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu. Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, vacchako taruṇako tāvadeva jātako mātugoravakena vuyhamāno, sopi tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamāsi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathā hi so, bhikkhave, māgadhako gopālako sappaññajātiko , vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye, samavekkhitvā gaṅgāya nadiyā orimaṃ tīraṃ, samavekkhitvā pārimaṃ tīraṃ, tittheneva gāvo patāresi uttaraṃ tīraṃ suvidehānaṃ. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā kusalā imassa lokassa kusalā parassa lokassa, kusalā māradheyyassa kusalā amāradheyyassa, kusalā maccudheyyassa kusalā amaccudheyyassa, tesaṃ ye sotabbaṃ saddahātabbaṃ maññissanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāya.
352“诸位比丘，就像那些领头的老公牛，这群牛的领导者，横着切断恒河的水流，安全地到达了彼岸；同样地，诸位比丘，那些是阿拉汉的比丘们，他们已经灭尽烦恼，梵行已立，应做已做，卸下了重担，达到了自己的目标，彻底断除了存在的束缚，依正智而解脱，他们也已横着切断魔流，安全地到达了彼岸。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, ye te usabhā gopitaro gopariṇāyakā te tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū arahanto khīṇāsavā vusitavanto katakaraṇīyā ohitabhārā anuppattasadatthā parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojanā sammadaññā vimuttā, te tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gatā.
5“诸位比丘，就像那些强壮、被驯服好的牛，横着切断恒河的水流，安全地到达了彼岸；同样地，诸位比丘，那些由于彻底断除了五下分结而成为化生者，在那里般涅槃，不再从那个世界回来的比丘们，他们也将横着切断魔流，安全地到达彼岸。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi te, bhikkhave, balavagāvo dammagāvo tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā opapātikā tattha parinibbāyino anāvattidhammā tasmā lokā, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
6“诸位比丘，就像那些半大的公牛和母牛，横着切断恒河的水流，安全地到达了彼岸；同样地，诸位比丘，那些由于彻底断除了三结，并使得贪、嗔、痴薄弱，而成为一来者，只返回这个世间一次便能终结苦的比丘们，他们也将横着切断魔流，安全地到达彼岸。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi te, bhikkhave, vacchatarā vacchatariyo tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā rāgadosamohānaṃ tanuttā sakadāgāmino sakiṃdeva imaṃ lokaṃ āgantvā dukkhassantaṃ karissanti, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
7“比丘们，就正如那些瘦小的牛犊，也能侧身着横断恒河的水流，平安地到达了彼岸；同样的，比丘们，那些比丘因断尽三结，成为入流者，不再堕入恶道，已确定，最终必将趋向正觉，他们也将侧身着横断魔流，平安地到达彼岸。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi te, bhikkhave, vacchakā kisābalakā tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamaṃsu, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū tiṇṇaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ parikkhayā sotāpannā avinipātadhammā niyatā sambodhiparāyanā, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
8“比丘们，就正如那头刚出生不久的幼小牛犊，被母牛的叫声牵引着，侧身着横断恒河的水流，平安地到达了彼岸；同样的，比丘们，那些随法行者、随信行者的比丘，他们也将侧身着横断魔流，平安地到达彼岸。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi so, bhikkhave, vacchako taruṇako tāvadeva jātako mātugoravakena vuyhamāno tiriyaṃ gaṅgāya sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ agamāsi, evameva kho, bhikkhave, ye te bhikkhū dhammānusārino saddhānusārino, tepi tiriyaṃ mārassa sotaṃ chetvā sotthinā pāraṃ gamissanti.
9“比丘们，而我自己，是善巧于此世间的，善巧于他世间的，善巧于魔境的，善巧于非魔境的，善巧于死境的，善巧于非死境的。比丘们，对于那些认为我值得听闻、值得信赖的人，这将会为他们带来长久的利益与安乐。”
‘‘Ahaṃ kho pana, bhikkhave, kusalo imassa lokassa kusalo parassa lokassa, kusalo māradheyyassa kusalo amāradheyyassa, kusalo maccudheyyassa kusalo amaccudheyyassa. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, ye sotabbaṃ saddahātabbaṃ maññissanti, tesaṃ taṃ bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti.
10这是世尊所说。善逝这样说了之后，作为导师，他又进一步说了以下偈颂：
Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvā sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
11“有此世间，有他世间，这是觉者所善巧开示的；
‘‘Ayaṃ loko paro loko, jānatā suppakāsito;
12无论是已被魔罗所掌控的领域，还是尚未被死亡所触及的境界。”
Yañca mārena sampattaṃ, appattaṃ yañca maccunā.
13「彻底了知一切世间， 成正觉者已觉知；
‘‘Sabbaṃ lokaṃ abhiññāya, sambuddhena pajānatā;
14不死之门已开启， 安稳趋向涅槃处。」
Vivaṭaṃ amatadvāraṃ, khemaṃ nibbānapattiyā.
15「恶魔之流已斩断， 已摧毁已拔除；
‘‘Chinnaṃ pāpimato sotaṃ, viddhastaṃ vinaḷīkataṃ;
16比丘们，应多生喜悦， 你们已达安稳之境。」
Pāmojjabahulā hotha, khemaṃ pattattha bhikkhavo’’ti.
17小牧牛者经完 第四
Cūḷagopālakasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ catutthaṃ.